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Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease with a wide spectrum of manifestations including simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver injury in ALD is caused by chronic inflammation, which has been actively investigated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ALD for over the last four decades. In this review, we summarize a wide variety of inflammatory mediators that have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ALD, and discuss the therapeutic potential of these mediators for the treatment of ALD.
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202
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Artlett CM, Sassi-Gaha S, Hope JL, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Katsikis PD. Mir-155 is overexpressed in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts and is required for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated collagen synthesis during fibrosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017. [PMID: 28623945 PMCID: PMC5473986 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the important role that microRNAs (miRNAs) play in immunity and inflammation, their involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains poorly characterized. miRNA-155 (miR-155) plays a role in pulmonary fibrosis and its expression can be induced with interleukin (IL)-1β. SSc fibroblasts have activated inflammasomes that are integrally involved in mediating the myofibroblast phenotype. In light of this, we investigated whether miR-155 played a role in SSc and if its expression was dependent on inflammasome activation. METHODS miR-155 expression was confirmed in SSc dermal and lung fibroblasts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Wild-type and NLRP3-deficient murine fibroblasts were utilized to explore the regulation of miR-155 during inflammasome activation. miR-155-deficient fibroblasts and retroviral transductions with a miR-155 expression or control vectors were used to understand the contribution of miR-155 in fibrosis. RESULTS miR-155 was significantly increased and the highest expressing miRNA in SSc lung fibroblasts. Its expression was dependent on inflammasome activation as miR-155 expression could be blocked when inflammasome signaling was inhibited. In the absence of miR-155, inflammasome-mediated collagen synthesis could not be induced but was restored when miR-155 was expressed in miR-155-deficient fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS miR-155 is upregulated in SSc. These results suggest that the inflammasome promotes the expression of miR-155 and that miR-155 is a critical miRNA that drives fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Artlett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
| | - Sihem Sassi-Gaha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carol A Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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203
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Zhang Q, Su J, Wang Z, Qi H, Ge Z, Li Z, Chen WD, Wang YD. MicroRNA-149* suppresses hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65397-65406. [PMID: 29029439 PMCID: PMC5630339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized as an important component of tumorigenesis and metabolic diseases. The roles of microRNA149* (miRNA149*) in inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that miR-149* is a suppressor of STAT3-mediated inflammation. MiR-149*−/− mice were generated with CRISPR/CAS9 technique. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model, miR-149*−/− mice show more severe liver injury and inflammation, compared with wild-type (WT) mice. MiR-149*−/− mice also displayed elevated messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of interleukin (IL)-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), complement C3 (C3) and IL-4 in response to LPS. Then miR-149* agomir administration is largely able to alleviate the LPS-induced some inflammatory gene expression in WT mouse liver. In vitro, miR-149* mimics inhibited expression of STAT3-meidated inflammatory mediators induced by LPS and suppresses the phosphorylation of STAT3 and its transcription activity in HepG2 cells. These findings identify miR-149* as a negative mediator of inflammation that may serve as an attractive therapeutic tool for immune and inflammatory liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Zeyong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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204
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Bala S, Csak T, Kodys K, Catalano D, Ambade A, Furi I, Lowe P, Cho Y, Iracheta-Vellve A, Szabo G. Alcohol-induced miR-155 and HDAC11 inhibit negative regulators of the TLR4 pathway and lead to increased LPS responsiveness of Kupffer cells in alcoholic liver disease. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:487-498. [PMID: 28584078 PMCID: PMC6608073 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0716-310r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation promotes the progression of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol sensitizes KCs to gut-derived endotoxin (LPS); however, signaling pathways that perpetuate inflammation in alcoholic liver disease are only partially understood. We found that chronic alcohol feeding in mice induced miR-155, an inflammatory miRNA in isolated KCs. We hypothesized that miR-155 might increase the responsiveness of KCs to LPS via targeting the negative regulators of LPS signaling. Our results revealed that KCs that were isolated from alcohol-fed mice showed a decrease in IRAK-M, SHIP1, and PU.1, and an increase in TNF-α levels. This was specific to KCs, as no significant differences were observed in these genes in hepatocytes. We found a causal effect of miR-155 deficiency on LPS responsiveness, as KCs that were isolated from miR-155 KO mice showed a greater induction of IRAK-M, SHIP1, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 after LPS treatment. C/EBPβ, a validated miR-155 target, stimulates IL-10 transcription. We found a higher induction of C/EBPβ and IL-10 in KCs that were isolated from miR-155 KO mice after LPS treatment. Gain- and loss-of-function studies affirmed that alcohol-induced miR-155 directly regulates IRAK-M, SHIP1, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, and C/EBPβ, as miR-155 inhibition increased and miR-155 overexpression decreased these genes in LPS or alcohol-pretreated wild-type KCs. HDAC11, a regulator of IL-10, was significantly increased and IL-10 was decreased in KCs that were isolated from alcohol-fed mice. Functionally, knockdown of HDAC11 with small interfering RNA resulted in an IL-10 increase in LPS or alcohol-pretreated Mϕ. We found that acetaldehyde and NF-κB pathways regulate HDAC11 levels. Collectively, our results indicate that the alcohol-induced responsiveness of KCs to LPS, in part, is governed by miR-155 and HDAC11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bala
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timea Csak
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Kodys
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aditya Ambade
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Istvan Furi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Lowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yeonhee Cho
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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205
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Xu Z, Asahchop EL, Branton WG, Gelman BB, Power C, Hobman TC. MicroRNAs upregulated during HIV infection target peroxisome biogenesis factors: Implications for virus biology, disease mechanisms and neuropathology. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006360. [PMID: 28594894 PMCID: PMC5464672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) represent a spectrum neurological syndrome that affects up to 25% of patients with HIV/AIDS. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms contribute to the development of HAND symptoms including chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Among the factors linked to development of HAND is altered expression of host cell microRNAs (miRNAs) in brain. Here, we examined brain miRNA profiles among HIV/AIDS patients with and without HAND. Our analyses revealed differential expression of 17 miRNAs in brain tissue from HAND patients. A subset of the upregulated miRNAs (miR-500a-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-93-3p and miR-381-3p), are predicted to target peroxisome biogenesis factors (PEX2, PEX7, PEX11B and PEX13). Expression of these miRNAs in transfected cells significantly decreased levels of peroxisomal proteins and concomitantly decreased peroxisome numbers or affected their morphology. The levels of miR-500a-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-93-3p and miR-381-3p were not only elevated in the brains of HAND patients, but were also upregulated during HIV infection of primary macrophages. Moreover, concomitant loss of peroxisomal proteins was observed in HIV-infected macrophages as well as in brain tissue from HIV-infected patients. HIV-induced loss of peroxisomes was abrogated by blocking the functions of the upregulated miRNAs. Overall, these findings point to previously unrecognized miRNA expression patterns in the brains of HIV patients. Targeting peroxisomes by up-regulating miRNAs that repress peroxisome biogenesis factors may represent a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 subverts innate immune responses and/or causes neurocognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaikun Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eugene L. Asahchop
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - William G. Branton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher Power
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Childrens Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom C. Hobman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Childrens Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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206
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Lou G, Yang Y, Liu F, Ye B, Chen Z, Zheng M, Liu Y. MiR-122 modification enhances the therapeutic efficacy of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells against liver fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2963-2973. [PMID: 28544786 PMCID: PMC5661245 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation alone may be insufficient for treatment of liver fibrosis because of complicated histopathological changes in the liver. Given that miR‐122 plays an essential role in liver fibrosis by negatively regulating the proliferation and transactivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), this study investigated whether miR‐122 modification can improve the therapeutic efficacy of adipose tissue‐derived MSCs in treating liver fibrosis. MiR‐122‐modified AMSCs (AMSC‐122) were constructed through lentivirus‐mediated transfer of pre‐miR‐122. MiR‐122‐modified AMSCs expressed high level of miR‐122, while they retained their phenotype and differentiation potential as naïve AMSCs. AMSC‐122 more effectively suppressed the proliferation of and collagen maturation in HSCs than scramble miRNA‐modified AMSCs. In addition, AMSC‐derived exosomes mediated the miR‐122 communication between AMSCs and HSCs, further affecting the expression levels of miR‐122 target genes, such as insulin‐like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), Cyclin G(1) (CCNG1) and prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase α1 (P4HA1), which are involved in proliferation of and collagen maturation in HSCs. Moreover, miR‐122 modification enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of AMSCs in the treatment of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis by suppressing the activation of HSCs and alleviating collagen deposition. Results demonstrate that miR‐122 modification improves the therapeutic efficacy of AMSCs through exosome‐mediated miR‐122 communication; thus, miR‐122 modification is a new potential strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Lou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingjue Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanning Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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207
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Zhou D, Yang K, Chen L, Zhang W, Xu Z, Zuo J, Jiang H, Luan J. Promising landscape for regulating macrophage polarization: epigenetic viewpoint. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57693-57706. [PMID: 28915705 PMCID: PMC5593677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical myeloid cells with the hallmark of phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity. Macrophages phenotypes are commonly described as classically-activated M1 and alternatively-activated M2 macrophages which play an essential role in the tissues homeostasis and diseases pathogenesis. Alternations of macrophage polarization and function states require precise regulation of target-gene expression. Emerging data demonstrate that epigenetic mechanisms and transcriptional factors are becoming increasingly appreciated in the orchestration of macrophage polarization in response to local environmental signals. This review is to focus on the advanced concepts of epigenetics changes involved with the macrophage polarization, including microRNAs, DNA methylation and histone modification, which are responsible for the altered cellular signaling and signature genes expression during M1 or M2 polarization. Eventually, the persistent investigation and understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in tissue macrophage polarization and function will enhance the potential to develop novel therapeutic targets for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kui Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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208
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Li M, He Y, Zhou Z, Ramirez T, Gao Y, Gao Y, Ross RA, Cao H, Cai Y, Xu M, Feng D, Zhang P, Liangpunsakul S, Gao B. MicroRNA-223 ameliorates alcoholic liver injury by inhibiting the IL-6-p47 phox-oxidative stress pathway in neutrophils. Gut 2017; 66:705-715. [PMID: 27679493 PMCID: PMC5458746 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding activates neutrophils and exacerbates liver injury in mice. This study investigates how recent excessive drinking affects peripheral neutrophils and liver injury in alcoholics, and how miR-223, one of the most abundant microRNAs (miRNAs) in neutrophils, modulates neutrophil function and liver injury in ethanol-fed mice. DESIGNS Three hundred alcoholics with (n=140) or without (n=160) recent excessive drinking and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. Mice were fed an ethanol diet for 10 days followed by a single binge of ethanol. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls or alcoholics without recent drinking, alcoholics with recent excessive drinking had higher levels of circulating neutrophils, which correlated with serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). miRNA array analysis revealed that alcoholics had elevated serum miR-223 levels compared with healthy controls. In chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding mouse model, the levels of miR-223 were increased in both serum and neutrophils. Genetic deletion of the miR-223 gene exacerbated ethanol-induced hepatic injury, neutrophil infiltration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated hepatic expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and phagocytic oxidase (phox) p47phox. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-223 directly inhibited IL-6 expression and subsequently inhibited p47phox expression in neutrophils. Deletion of the p47phox gene ameliorated ethanol-induced liver injury and ROS production by neutrophils. Finally, miR-223 expression was downregulated, while IL-6 and p47phox expression were upregulated in peripheral blood neutrophils from alcoholics compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS miR-223 is an important regulator to block neutrophil infiltration in alcoholic liver disease and could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of this malady.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Teresa Ramirez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth A Ross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Haixia Cao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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209
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Abstract
Macrophages represent a key cellular component of the liver, and are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and ensuring rapid responses to hepatic injury. Our understanding of liver macrophages has been revolutionized by the delineation of heterogeneous subsets of these cells. Kupffer cells are a self-sustaining, liver-resident population of macrophages and can be distinguished from the monocyte-derived macrophages that rapidly accumulate in the injured liver. Specific environmental signals further determine the polarization and function of hepatic macrophages. These cells promote the restoration of tissue integrity following liver injury or infection, but they can also contribute to the progression of liver diseases, including hepatitis, fibrosis and cancer. In this Review, we highlight novel findings regarding the origin, classification and function of hepatic macrophages, and we discuss their divergent roles in the healthy and diseased liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Krenkel
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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210
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Dong SH, Liu YW, Wei F, Tan HZ, Han ZD. Asiatic acid ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) via suppressing pro-fibrotic and inflammatory signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1297-1309. [PMID: 28320097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is known as a life-threatening disease with high mortality and limited therapeutic strategies. In addition, the molecular mechanism by which pulmonary fibrosis developed is not fully understood. Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid, isolated from Centella asiatica, exhibiting efficient anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In our study, we attempted to explore the effect of Asiatic acid on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The findings indicated that pre-treatment with Asiatic acid inhibited BLM-induced lung injury and fibrosis progression in mice. Further, Asiatic acid down-regulates inflammatory cells infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in lung tissue specimens induced by BLM. Also, Asiatic acid apparently suppressed transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression in tissues of lung, accompanied with Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA and matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 decreasing, as well as Smads and ERK1/2 inactivation. Of note, Asiatic acid reduces NOD-like receptor, pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The findings indicated that Asiatic acid might be an effective candidate for pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Dong
- The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, China.
| | - Yan-Wei Liu
- The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Feng Wei
- The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Tan
- The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Han
- The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, China
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211
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Magdaleno F, Blajszczak CC, Nieto N. Key Events Participating in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010009. [PMID: 28134813 PMCID: PMC5372721 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It ranges from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The most prevalent forms of ALD are alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and alcoholic cirrhosis, which frequently progress as people continue drinking. ALD refers to a number of symptoms/deficits that contribute to liver injury. These include steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, which, when taken together, sequentially or simultaneously lead to significant disease progression. The pathogenesis of ALD, influenced by host and environmental factors, is currently only partially understood. To date, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation from the gut to the portal blood, aging, gender, increased infiltration and activation of neutrophils and bone marrow-derived macrophages along with alcohol plus iron metabolism, with its associated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), are all key events contributing to the pathogenesis of ALD. This review aims to introduce the reader to the concept of alcohol-mediated liver damage and the mechanisms driving injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Magdaleno
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Chuck C Blajszczak
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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212
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Insights into the Role and Interdependence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4234061. [PMID: 28070230 PMCID: PMC5192343 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4234061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The crucial roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of hepatic diseases have been unraveled and emphasized for decades. From steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, hepatic oxidative stress, and inflammation are sustained and participated in this pathological progressive process. Notably, increasing evidences showed that oxidative stress and inflammation are tightly related, which are regarded as essential partners that present simultaneously and interact with each other in various pathological conditions, creating a vicious cycle to aggravate the hepatic diseases. Clarifying the interaction of oxidative stress and inflammation is of great importance to provide new directions and targets for developing therapeutic intervention. Herein, this review is concerned with the regulation and interdependence of oxidative stress and inflammation in a variety of liver diseases. In addition to classical mediators and signaling, particular emphasis is placed upon immune suppression, a potential linkage of oxidative stress and inflammation, to provide new inspiration for the treatment of liver diseases. Furthermore, since antioxidation and anti-inflammation have been extensively attempted as the strategies for treatment of liver diseases, the application of herbal medicines and their derived compounds that protect liver from injury via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation collectively were reviewed and discussed.
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213
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Lauschke VM, Mkrtchian S, Ingelman-Sundberg M. The role of microRNAs in liver injury at the crossroad between hepatic cell death and regeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:399-407. [PMID: 27789285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver fulfills critical metabolic functions, such as controlling blood sugar and ammonia levels, and is of central importance for lipid metabolism and detoxification of environmental and chemical agents, including drugs. Liver injuries of different etiology can elicit a spectrum of responses. Some hepatocytes initiate molecular programs resulting in cell death, whereas others undergo cellular divisions to regenerate the damaged organ. Interestingly, recent research indicates that microRNAs serve as very rapid as well as long-term regulators in these processes. In this review, we discuss their importance in liver disease etiology and progression as well as for therapy with particular focus on metabolic and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we highlight the central role of microRNAs in controlling hepatocyte differentiation and plasticity, which are required for successful regeneration, but under certain conditions, such as chronic liver insults, can result in the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Souren Mkrtchian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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214
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Yuan K, Zhang X, Lv L, Zhang J, Liang W, Wang P. Fine-tuning the expression of microRNA-155 controls acetaminophen-induced liver inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:339-346. [PMID: 27673475 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of acetaminophen (APAP) in overdose can cause a potentially serious and fatal liver injury. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155), a multifunctional microRNA, is known to mediate inflammatory responses via regulating various target genes. In this study, we aimed to study the role of miR-155 in APAP-induced liver injury, using miR-155-/- mice and miR-155 in vivo intervention. We noted that miR-155 expression was significantly increased in liver and blood after APAP treatment. Knockout of miR-155 deteriorated APAP-induced liver damage, with the elevated serum levels of AST and ALT. The levels of various inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and IL-6, were markedly augmented in livers in the absence of miR-155. Moreover, miR-155 deficiency aberrantly activated NF-kappa-B signaling via enhancing p65 and IKKε expression. Finally, in vivo administration of miR-155 agomir attenuated APAP-induced liver damage, reduced the serum levels of AST and ALT, and dampened the NF-kB signaling. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that miR-155 protects the mice against APAP-induced liver damage via mediating NF-KB signaling pathway, suggesting that miR-155 might be a potential pharmaceutic target for treatment of APAP-induced liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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215
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Stickel F, Dubuquoy L. MicroRNA in alcoholic hepatitis: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Gut 2016; 65:1400-1. [PMID: 27252446 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center-U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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216
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MicroRNAs as key mediators of hepatic detoxification. Toxicology 2016; 368-369:80-90. [PMID: 27501766 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Many studies have extensively revealed the significance of miRNAs in mediating liver development and diseases. However, their role in hepatic detoxification processes has been explored only recently. In this review, we summarized the up-to-date knowledge about miRNA dependent regulation of enzymes involved in all three phases of the drugs and xenobiotics detoxification process. We also discussed the role of miRNA in regulating some upstream nuclear receptors involving gene expression of enzymes for detoxification process in liver. The toxicological significance of miRNAs in liver diseases and future research perspectives are finally presented.
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217
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Hartmann P, Tacke F. Tiny RNA with great effects: miR-155 in alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1214-6. [PMID: 26948494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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