201
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Botham KM, Napolitano M, Bravo E. The Emerging Role of Disturbed CoQ Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development and Progression. Nutrients 2015; 7:9834-46. [PMID: 26633474 PMCID: PMC4690053 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterised by the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver, is the most common liver disorder, the causes of its development and progression to the more serious non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain incompletely understood. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a key factor in both these processes, and mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are also believed to play a part. Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a powerful antioxidant found in all cell membranes which has an essential role in mitochondrial respiration and also has anti-inflammatory properties. NAFLD has been shown to be associated with disturbances in plasma and liver CoQ concentrations, but the relationship between these changes and disease development and progression is not yet clear. Dietary supplementation with CoQ has been found to be hepatoprotective and to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation as well as improving mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that it may be beneficial in NAFLD. However, studies using animal models or patients with NAFLD have given inconclusive results. Overall, evidence is now emerging to indicate that disturbances in CoQ metabolism are involved in NAFLD development and progression to NASH, and this highlights the need for further studies with human subjects to fully clarify its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Botham
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College St., London NW1-0TU, UK.
| | - Mariarosaria Napolitano
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Elena Bravo
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
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202
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Forkink M, Basit F, Teixeira J, Swarts HG, Koopman WJH, Willems PHGM. Complex I and complex III inhibition specifically increase cytosolic hydrogen peroxide levels without inducing oxidative stress in HEK293 cells. Redox Biol 2015; 6:607-616. [PMID: 26516986 PMCID: PMC4635408 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor studies with isolated mitochondria demonstrated that complex I (CI) and III (CIII) of the electron transport chain (ETC) can act as relevant sources of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we studied ROS generation and oxidative stress induction during chronic (24h) inhibition of CI and CIII using rotenone (ROT) and antimycin A (AA), respectively, in intact HEK293 cells. Both inhibitors stimulated oxidation of the ROS sensor hydroethidine (HEt) and increased mitochondrial NAD(P)H levels without major effects on cell viability. Integrated analysis of cells stably expressing cytosolic- or mitochondria-targeted variants of the reporter molecules HyPer (H2O2-sensitive and pH-sensitive) and SypHer (H2O2-insensitive and pH-sensitive), revealed that CI- and CIII inhibition increased cytosolic but not mitochondrial H2O2 levels. Total and mitochondria-specific lipid peroxidation was not increased in the inhibited cells as reported by the C11-BODIPY(581/591) and MitoPerOx biosensors. Also expression of the superoxide-detoxifying enzymes CuZnSOD (cytosolic) and MnSOD (mitochondrial) was not affected. Oxyblot analysis revealed that protein carbonylation was not stimulated by CI and CIII inhibition. Our findings suggest that chronic inhibition of CI and CIII: (i) increases the levels of HEt-oxidizing ROS and (ii) specifically elevates cytosolic but not mitochondrial H2O2 levels, (iii) does not induce oxidative stress or substantial cell death. We conclude that the increased ROS levels are below the stress-inducing level and might play a role in redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Forkink
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Farhan Basit
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - José Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Herman G Swarts
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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203
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Knott A, Achterberg V, Smuda C, Mielke H, Sperling G, Dunckelmann K, Vogelsang A, Krüger A, Schwengler H, Behtash M, Kristof S, Diekmann H, Eisenberg T, Berroth A, Hildebrand J, Siegner R, Winnefeld M, Teuber F, Fey S, Möbius J, Retzer D, Burkhardt T, Lüttke J, Blatt T. Topical treatment with coenzyme Q10-containing formulas improves skin's Q10 level and provides antioxidative effects. Biofactors 2015; 41:383-90. [PMID: 26648450 PMCID: PMC4737275 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10, Q10) represents an endogenously synthesized lipid-soluble antioxidant which is crucial for cellular energy production but is diminished with age and under the influence of external stress factors in human skin. Here, it is shown that topical Q10 treatment is beneficial with regard to effective Q10 replenishment, augmentation of cellular energy metabolism, and antioxidant effects. Application of Q10-containing formulas significantly increased the levels of this quinone on the skin surface. In the deeper layers of the epidermis the ubiquinone level was significantly augmented indicating effective supplementation. Concurrent elevation of ubiquinol levels suggested metabolic transformation of ubiquinone resulting from increased energy metabolism. Incubation of cultured human keratinocytes with Q10 concentrations equivalent to treated skin showed a significant augmentation of energy metabolism. Moreover, the results demonstrated that stressed skin benefits from the topical Q10 treatment by reduction of free radicals and an increase in antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Knott
- Beiersdorf AGResearch & DevelopmentHamburgGermany
| | | | | | - Heiko Mielke
- Beiersdorf AGResearch & DevelopmentHamburgGermany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Siegner
- Beiersdorf AGResearch & DevelopmentHamburgGermany
| | | | - Frank Teuber
- Beiersdorf AGResearch & DevelopmentHamburgGermany
| | - Sven Fey
- Beiersdorf AGResearch & DevelopmentHamburgGermany
| | - Janne Möbius
- Beiersdorf AGResearch & DevelopmentHamburgGermany
| | - Dana Retzer
- Beiersdorf AGResearch & DevelopmentHamburgGermany
| | | | | | - Thomas Blatt
- Beiersdorf AGResearch & DevelopmentHamburgGermany
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204
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Nogueira BG, Sampaio BFB, Souza MIL, Costa e Silva EV, Zúccari CESN. Coenzyme Q10 andα-Tocopherol Prevent the Lipid Peroxidation of Cooled Equine Semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:1003-10. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- BG Nogueira
- Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction Laboratory; Veterinary and Animal Science College; Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - BFB Sampaio
- Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction Laboratory; Veterinary and Animal Science College; Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - MIL Souza
- Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction Laboratory; Veterinary and Animal Science College; Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - EV Costa e Silva
- Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction Laboratory; Veterinary and Animal Science College; Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - CESN Zúccari
- Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction Laboratory; Veterinary and Animal Science College; Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
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205
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Shiobara Y, Harada C, Shiota T, Sakamoto K, Kita K, Tanaka S, Tabata K, Sekie K, Yamamoto Y, Sugiyama T. Knockdown of the coenzyme Q synthesis gene Smed-dlp1 affects planarian regeneration and tissue homeostasis. Redox Biol 2015; 6:599-606. [PMID: 26516985 PMCID: PMC4635435 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The freshwater planarian is a model organism used to study tissue regeneration that occupies an important position among multicellular organisms. Planarian genomic databases have led to the identification of genes that are required for regeneration, with implications for their roles in its underlying mechanism. Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a fundamental lipophilic molecule that is synthesized and expressed in every cell of every organism. Furthermore, CoQ levels affect development, life span, disease and aging in nematodes and mice. Because CoQ can be ingested in food, it has been used in preventive nutrition. In this study, we investigated the role of CoQ in planarian regeneration. Planarians synthesize both CoQ9 and rhodoquinone 9 (RQ9). Knockdown of Smed-dlp1, a trans-prenyltransferase gene that encodes an enzyme that synthesizes the CoQ side chain, led to a decrease in CoQ9 and RQ9 levels. However, ATP levels did not consistently decrease in these animals. Knockdown animals exhibited tissue regression and curling. The number of mitotic cells decreased in Smed-dlp1 (RNAi) animals. These results suggested a failure in physiological cell turnover and stem cell function. Accordingly, regenerating planarians died from lysis or exhibited delayed regeneration. Interestingly, the observed phenotypes were partially rescued by ingesting food supplemented with α-tocopherol. Taken together, our results suggest that oxidative stress induced by reduced CoQ9 levels affects planarian regeneration and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Shiobara
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Chiaki Harada
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiota
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Saeko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Kenta Tabata
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Kiyoteru Sekie
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yorihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan.
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206
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Oropesa Ávila M, Fernández Vega A, Garrido Maraver J, Villanueva Paz M, De Lavera I, De La Mata M, Cordero MD, Alcocer Gómez E, Delgado Pavón A, Álvarez Córdoba M, Cotán D, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Emerging roles of apoptotic microtubules during the execution phase of apoptosis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:435-46. [PMID: 26382917 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed energy-dependent process of cell demise, characterized by specific morphological and biochemical events in which the activation of caspases has an essential role. During apoptosis the cytoskeleton participates actively in characteristic morphological rearrangements of the dying cell. This reorganisation has been assigned mainly to actinomyosin ring contraction, while microtubule and intermediate filaments are depolymerized at early stages of apoptosis. However, recent reports have showed that microtubules are reformed during the execution phase of apoptosis organizing an apoptotic microtubule network (AMN). AMN is organized behind plasma membrane, forming a cortical structure. Apoptotic microtubules repolymerization takes place in many cell types and under different apoptotic inducers. It has been hypothesized that AMN is critical for maintaining plasma membrane integrity and cell morphology during the execution phase of apoptosis. AMN disorganization leads apoptotic cells to secondary necrosis and the release of potential toxic molecules which can damage neighbor cells and promotes inflammation. Therefore, AMN formation during physiological apoptosis or in pathological apoptosis induced by anti-cancer treatments is essential for tissue homeostasis and the prevention of additional cell damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Oropesa Ávila
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández Vega
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Juan Garrido Maraver
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva Paz
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Isabel De Lavera
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Mario De La Mata
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Facultad De Odontología. Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, 41009, Spain
| | - Elizabet Alcocer Gómez
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
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207
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Niklowitz P, Scherer J, Döring F, Paulussen M, Menke T. Oxidized proportion of muscle coenzyme Q10 increases with age in healthy children. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:365-70. [PMID: 26107394 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is synthesized in most human tissues, with high concentration in the skeletal muscle. CoQ10 functions in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and serves as a potent liphophilic antioxidant in membranes. CoQ10 deficiency impairs mitochondrial ATP synthesis and increases oxidative stress. It has been suggested that plasma CoQ10 status is not a robust proxy for the diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiency. METHODS We determined the concentration and redox-status of CoQ10 in plasma and muscle tissue from 140 healthy children (0.8-15.3 y) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. RESULTS There was no correlation between CoQ10 concentration or redox status between plasma and muscle tissue. Lipid-related CoQ10 plasma concentrations showed a negative correlation with age (Spearman's, P ≤ 0.02), but there was no significant age-related correlation for muscle concentration. In muscle tissue, we found a distinct shift in the redox status in favor of the oxidized proportion with increasing age (Spearman's, P ≤ 0.00001). Reference values for muscle CoQ10 concentration (40.5 ± 12.2 pmol/mg wet tissue) and CoQ10 redox status (46.8 ± 6.8% oxidized within total) were established for healthy children. CONCLUSION The age-related redox shift in muscle tissue suggests changes in antioxidative defense during childhood. The reference values established here provide a necessary prerequisite for diagnosing early CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherer
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Paulussen
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
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208
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Lutz A, Raina JB, Motti CA, Miller DJ, van Oppen MJH. Host Coenzyme Q Redox State Is an Early Biomarker of Thermal Stress in the Coral Acropora millepora. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139290. [PMID: 26426118 PMCID: PMC4591267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleaching episodes caused by increasing seawater temperatures may induce mass coral mortality and are regarded as one of the biggest threats to coral reef ecosystems worldwide. The current consensus is that this phenomenon results from enhanced production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupt the symbiosis between corals and their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, Symbiodinium. Here, the responses of two important antioxidant defence components, the host coenzyme Q (CoQ) and symbiont plastoquinone (PQ) pools, are investigated for the first time in colonies of the scleractinian coral, Acropora millepora, during experimentally-induced bleaching under ecologically relevant conditions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to quantify the states of these two pools, together with physiological parameters assessing the general state of the symbiosis (including photosystem II photochemical efficiency, chlorophyll concentration and Symbiodinium cell densities). The results show that the responses of the two antioxidant systems occur on different timescales: (i) the redox state of the Symbiodinium PQ pool remained stable until twelve days into the experiment, after which there was an abrupt oxidative shift; (ii) by contrast, an oxidative shift of approximately 10% had occurred in the host CoQ pool after 6 days of thermal stress, prior to significant changes in any other physiological parameter measured. Host CoQ pool oxidation is thus an early biomarker of thermal stress in corals, and this antioxidant pool is likely to play a key role in quenching thermally-induced ROS in the coral-algal symbiosis. This study adds to a growing body of work that indicates host cellular responses may precede the bleaching process and symbiont dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Lutz
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative Genomics Centre and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cherie A. Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J. Miller
- Comparative Genomics Centre and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madeleine J. H. van Oppen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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209
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De Blasio MJ, Huynh K, Qin C, Rosli S, Kiriazis H, Ayer A, Cemerlang N, Stocker R, Du XJ, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Therapeutic targeting of oxidative stress with coenzyme Q10 counteracts exaggerated diabetic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of diabetes with diminished PI3K(p110α) signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:137-47. [PMID: 25937176 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced cardiac complications include left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure. We previously demonstrated that LV phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α (PI3K) protects the heart against diabetic cardiomyopathy, associated with reduced NADPH oxidase expression and activity. Conversely, in dominant negative PI3K(p110α) transgenic mice (dnPI3K), reduced cardiac PI3K signaling exaggerated diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy, associated with upregulated NADPH oxidase. The goal was to examine whether chronic supplementation with the antioxidant coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) could attenuate LV superoxide and diabetic cardiomyopathy in a setting of impaired PI3K signaling. Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old nontransgenic and dnPI3K male mice via streptozotocin. After 4 weeks of diabetes, CoQ(10) supplementation commenced (10 mg/kg ip, 3 times/week, 8 weeks). At study end (12 weeks of diabetes), markers of LV function, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, collagen deposition, NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine), and concentrations of CoQ(9) and CoQ(10) were determined. LV NADPH oxidase (Nox2 gene expression and activity, and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence), as well as oxidative stress, were increased by diabetes, exaggerated in diabetic dnPI3K mice, and attenuated by CoQ(10). Diabetes-induced LV diastolic dysfunction (prolonged deceleration time, elevated end-diastolic pressure, impaired E/A ratio), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, connective tissue growth factor, and β-myosin heavy chain were all attenuated by CoQ(10). Chronic CoQ(10) supplementation attenuates aspects of diabetic cardiomyopathy, even in a setting of reduced cardiac PI3K protective signaling. Given that CoQ(10) supplementation has been suggested to have positive outcomes in heart failure patients, chronic CoQ(10) supplementation may be an attractive adjunct therapy for diabetic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Karina Huynh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Sarah Rosli
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Anita Ayer
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales Australia 2010
| | - Nelly Cemerlang
- Cardiac Hypertrophy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales Australia 2010
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004; Cardiac Hypertrophy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004.
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210
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Kehrer JP, Klotz LO. Free radicals and related reactive species as mediators of tissue injury and disease: implications for Health. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:765-98. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1074159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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211
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Tischner C, Wenz T. Keep the fire burning: Current avenues in the quest of treating mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrion 2015; 24:32-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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212
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Neyrinck AM, Catry E, Sohet FM, Cani PD, Pachikian BD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Lack of anti-inflammatory effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in the liver of rodents after lipopolysaccharide challenge. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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213
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Mohammad NS, Arafa MH, Atteia HH. Coenzyme Q10 and fish oil synergistically alleviate aluminum chloride-induced suppression of testicular steroidogenesis and antioxidant defense. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1319-34. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1069290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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214
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Structural and biochemical studies reveal UbiG/Coq3 as a class of novel membrane-binding proteins. Biochem J 2015; 470:105-14. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UbiG/Coq3 belongs to a novel class of membrane-binding proteins. A unique insertion between strand β5 and helix α10 is essential for UbiG binding to membranes in vitro and function in vivo.
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215
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Ito K, Watanabe C, Nakamura A, Oikawa-Tada S, Murata M. Reduced Coenzyme Q10 Decreases Urinary 8-Oxo-7,8-Dihydro-2′-Deoxyguanosine Concentrations in Healthy Young Female Subjects. J Med Food 2015; 18:835-40. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Ito
- Department of Life Science, Tsu City College, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Chigusa Watanabe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Akari Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Saeko Oikawa-Tada
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Martínez I, Méndez C, Berríos J, Altamirano C, Díaz-Barrera A. Batch production of coenzyme Q10 by recombinant Escherichia coli containing the decaprenyl diphosphate synthase gene from Sphingomonas baekryungensis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:1283-9. [PMID: 26186907 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important antioxidant used in medicine, dietary supplements, and cosmetic applications. In the present work, the production of CoQ10 using a recombinant Escherichia coli strain containing the decaprenyl diphosphate synthase from Sphingomonas baekryungensis was investigated, wherein the effects of culture medium, temperature, and agitation rate on the production process were assessed. It was found that Luria-Bertani (LB) medium was superior to M9 with glucose medium. Higher temperature (37 °C) and higher agitation rate (900 rpm) improved the specific CoQ10 content significantly in LB medium; on the contrary, the use of M9 medium with glucose showed similar values. Specifically, in LB medium, an increase from 300 to 900 rpm in the agitation rate resulted in increases of 55 and 197 % in the specific CoQ10 content and COQ10 productivity, respectively. Therefore, the results obtained in the present work are a valuable contribution for the optimization of CoQ10 production processes using recombinant E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile,
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The location of coenzyme Q10 in phospholipid membranes made of POPE: a small-angle synchrotron X-ray diffraction study. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 44:373-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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218
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Andreyev AY, Tsui HS, Milne GL, Shmanai VV, Bekish AV, Fomich MA, Pham MN, Nong Y, Murphy AN, Clarke CF, Shchepinov MS. Isotope-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids protect mitochondria from oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 82:63-72. [PMID: 25578654 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation is initiated by hydrogen atom abstraction at bis-allylic sites and sets in motion a chain reaction that generates multiple toxic products associated with numerous disorders. Replacement of bis-allylic hydrogens of PUFAs with deuterium atoms (D-PUFAs), termed site-specific isotope reinforcement, inhibits PUFA peroxidation and confers cell protection against oxidative stress. We demonstrate that structurally diverse deuterated PUFAs similarly protect against oxidative stress-induced injury in both yeast and mammalian (myoblast H9C2) cells. Cell protection occurs specifically at the lipid peroxidation step, as the formation of isoprostanes, immediate products of lipid peroxidation, is drastically suppressed by D-PUFAs. Mitochondrial bioenergetics function is a likely downstream target of oxidative stress and a subject of protection by D-PUFAs. Pretreatment of cells with D-PUFAs is shown to prevent inhibition of maximal uncoupler-stimulated respiration as well as increased mitochondrial uncoupling, in response to oxidative stress induced by agents with diverse mechanisms of action, including t-butylhydroperoxide, ethacrynic acid, or ferrous iron. Analysis of structure-activity relationships of PUFAs harboring deuterium at distinct sites suggests that there may be a mechanism supplementary to the kinetic isotope effect of deuterium abstraction off the bis-allylic sites that accounts for the protection rendered by deuteration of PUFAs. Paradoxically, PUFAs with partially deuterated bis-allylic positions that retain vulnerable hydrogen atoms (e.g., monodeuterated 11-D1-Lin) protect in a manner similar to that of PUFAs with completely deuterated bis-allylic positions (e.g., 11,11-D2-Lin). Moreover, inclusion of just a fraction of deuterated PUFAs (20-50%) in the total pool of PUFAs preserves mitochondrial respiratory function and confers cell protection. The results indicate that the therapeutic potential of D-PUFAs may derive from the preservation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y Andreyev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Hui S Tsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Andrei V Bekish
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220020, Belarus
| | - Maksim A Fomich
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Minhhan N Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Yvonne Nong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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219
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Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Juanak N. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic profile in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2015; 40:413-8. [PMID: 25913756 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE CoenzymeQ10 (CoQ10 ), or ubiquinone, is an endogenous enzyme cofactor produced by most human cells. It is a potent antioxidant and is necessary for energy production in mitochondria. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with multiple metabolic abnormalities, principally resulting from the inflammation and oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions. Clinical trials of the effects of supplementary CoQ10 on metabolic control in diabetes have reported inconsistent results. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on glycaemic control, lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with diabetes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, NCCAM, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and historical search of reference lists of relevant articles. The bibliographic databases were searched from inception to February 2015. We included randomized, placebo-controlled trials of CoQ10 in diabetes lasting at least 12 weeks. HbA1c or fasting plasma glucose had to be reported. Primary outcome was glycemic control, and secondary outcomes were lipid profile and blood pressure. Treatment effect was estimated with mean difference. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Seven trials were included in the meta-analysis, involving 356 patients. Neither CoQ10 alone nor CoQ10 plus fenofibrate improved glycemic control. In addition, CoQ10, alone or in combination with fenofibrate, did not alter LDL-C, HDL-C and blood pressure. Triglycerides levels were significantly reduced with CoQ10 (mean difference -0·26 mmol/L, 95% CI -0·05 mmol/L to -0·47 mmol/L, P = 0·02) and CoQ10 plus fenofibrate (mean difference -0·72 mmol/L, 95% CI -0·32 mmol/L to -1·12 mmol/L, P = 0·0004). CoQ10 plus fenofibrate also effectively reduced total cholesterol (mean difference: -0·45 mmol/L, 95% CI -0·06 mmol/L to -0·84 mmol/L, P = 0·02). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS CoQ10 supplementation has no beneficial effects on glycemic control, lipid profile or blood pressure in patients with diabetes. However, it may reduce triglycerides levels. Due to limited data availability, well-powered and well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to clearly determine the effect of CoQ10 on metabolic profile in diabetes. Dosage effects should also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suksomboon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Poolsup
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon-Pathom, Thailand
| | - N Juanak
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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220
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Silva FBDF, Medeiros HCDD, Guelfi M, Santana ATD, Mingatto FE. Efeito da coenzima Q10 nos danos oxidativos induzidos pela L-tiroxina no músculo sóleo de ratos. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922015210202158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: os músculoesqueléticos são tecidos dinâmicos que podem alterar suas características fenotípicas proporcionando melhor adaptação funcional com estímulos variados. A L-tiroxina é um hormônio produzido pela glândula tireoide e tem sido utilizada como modelo experimental para estimulação de estresse oxidativo no músculo esquelético. A coenzima Q10 é uma provitamina lipossolúvel sintetizada endogenamente e naturalmente encontrada em alimentos como carne vermelha, peixes, cereais, brócolis e espinafre. Apresenta propriedade antioxidante e tem potencial no tratamento de doenças degenerativas e neuromusculares.OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito protetor da coenzima Q10 no músculo sóleo de ratos frente aos danos oxidativos provocados pela L-tiroxina.MÉTODOS: os ratos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de seis animais cada: Grupo 1 controle; Grupo 2 coenzima Q10; Grupo 3 L-tiroxina e Grupo 4 coenzima Q10 e L-tiroxina. Após a eutanásia, o sangue dos animais foi colhido e foi analisada a atividade sérica das enzimas creatina quinase CK e aspartato aminotransferase AST. No homogenato do músculo sóleo foram avaliados fatores relacionados ao estresse oxidativo.RESULTADOS: a coenzima Q10 protegeu o músculo sóleo dos danos provocados pela L-tiroxina e favoreceu a manutenção da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes glutationa redutase e glutationa peroxidase, da concentração de glutationa reduzida e oxidada, além de evitar a lipoperoxidação.CONCLUSÃO: os resultados indicam que a coenzima Q10 protege o músculo sóleo de ratos dos danos oxidativos provocados pela L-tiroxina.
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221
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Lewis LA, Radulović ŽM, Kim TK, Porter LM, Mulenga A. Identification of 24h Ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:424-34. [PMID: 25825233 PMCID: PMC4415496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the United States. This tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA: Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, B. miyamotoi, Babesia microti, and Powassan virus disease. Except for the Powassan virus disease, I. scapularis-vectored TBD agents require more than 24h post attachment to be transmitted. This study describes identification of 24h immunogenic I. scapularis tick saliva proteins, which could provide opportunities to develop strategies to stop tick feeding before transmission of the majority of pathogens. A 24h fed female I. scapularis phage display cDNA expression library was biopanned using rabbit antibodies to 24h fed I. scapularis female tick saliva proteins, subjected to next generation sequencing, de novo assembly, and bioinformatic analyses. A total of 182 contigs were assembled, of which ∼19% (35/182) are novel and did not show identity to any known proteins in GenBank. The remaining ∼81% (147/182) of contigs were provisionally identified based on matches in GenBank including ∼18% (27/147) that matched protein sequences previously annotated as hypothetical and putative tick saliva proteins. Others include proteases and protease inhibitors (∼3%, 5/147), transporters and/or ligand binding proteins (∼6%, 9/147), immunogenic tick saliva housekeeping enzyme-like (17%, 25/147), ribosomal protein-like (∼31%, 46/147), and those classified as miscellaneous (∼24%, 35/147). Notable among the miscellaneous class include antimicrobial peptides (microplusin and ricinusin), myosin-like proteins that have been previously found in tick saliva, and heat shock tick saliva protein. Data in this study provides the foundation for in-depth analysis of I. scapularis feeding during the first 24h, before the majority of TBD agents can be transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Željko M Radulović
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Tae K Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Lindsay M Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Albert Mulenga
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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222
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Mitochondrial function and lifespan of mice with controlled ubiquinone biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6393. [PMID: 25744659 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ) is implicated in mitochondrial electron transport, superoxide generation and as a membrane antioxidant. Here we present a mouse model in which UQ biosynthesis can be interrupted and partially restored at will. Global loss of UQ leads to gradual loss of mitochondrial function, gradual development of disease phenotypes and shortened lifespan. However, we find that UQ does not act as antioxidant in vivo and that its requirement for electron transport is much lower than anticipated, even in vital mitochondria-rich organs. In fact, severely depressed mitochondrial function due to UQ depletion in the heart does not acutely impair organ function. In addition, we demonstrate that severe disease phenotypes and shortened lifespan are reversible upon partial restoration of UQ levels and mitochondrial function. This observation strongly suggests that the irreversible degenerative phenotypes that characterize ageing are not secondarily caused by the gradual mitochondrial dysfunction that is observed in aged animals.
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223
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Do all antioxidant supplements have the same potential effect on preventing myringosclerosis? Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 8:1-6. [PMID: 25729488 PMCID: PMC4338085 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2015.8.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Myringosclerosis is an irreversible pathological healing mechanism of the tympanic membrane which can result in the formation of sclerotic plaques. Antioxidant treatment is a recognised prevention therapy and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), lycopene, and grape seed extract (GSE), were used in this manner. Methods Forty-four Wistar rats were used in this experiment, and, following myringotomies, the animals were randomly divided into four groups. CoQ10, lycopene or GSE was administered orally to the respective groups, starting from the day of surgery. Otomicroscopy examination was performed on the 14th day. All tympanic membrane lesions were evaluated and compared otomicroscopically and histopathologically. Results The otomicroscopy and histopathological findings, compared against a control (saline) group, showed the CoQ10, lycopene, and GSE groups had statistically significant differences of degree of sclerosis (P<0.001). Conclusion CoQ10, lycopene, and GSE were compared against a saline group and their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects were similar. The formation of myringosclerotic plagues after experimental myringotomy in rats significantly decreased and diminished after systemic administration of the three different antioxidant supplements.
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Xie LX, Williams KJ, He CH, Weng E, Khong S, Rose TE, Kwon O, Bensinger SJ, Marbois BN, Clarke CF. Resveratrol and para-coumarate serve as ring precursors for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:909-19. [PMID: 25681964 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone) is a redox-active polyisoprenylated benzoquinone lipid essential for electron and proton transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The aromatic ring 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB) is commonly depicted as the sole aromatic ring precursor in Q biosynthesis despite the recent finding that para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) also serves as a ring precursor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Q biosynthesis. In this study, we employed aromatic (13)C6-ring-labeled compounds including (13)C6-4HB, (13)C6-pABA, (13)C6-resveratrol, and (13)C6-coumarate to investigate the role of these small molecules as aromatic ring precursors in Q biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, S. cerevisiae, and human and mouse cells. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, neither E. coli nor the mammalian cells tested were able to form (13)C6-Q when cultured in the presence of (13)C6-pABA. However, E. coli cells treated with (13)C6-pABA generated (13)C6-ring-labeled forms of 3-octaprenyl-4-aminobenzoic acid, 2-octaprenyl-aniline, and 3-octaprenyl-2-aminophenol, suggesting UbiA, UbiD, UbiX, and UbiI are capable of using pABA or pABA-derived intermediates as substrates. E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and human and mouse cells cultured in the presence of (13)C6-resveratrol or (13)C6-coumarate were able to synthesize (13)C6-Q. Future evaluation of the physiological and pharmacological responses to dietary polyphenols should consider their metabolism to Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian X Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Cuiwen H He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Emily Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - San Khong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Tristan E Rose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Beth N Marbois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
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Reig M, Aristoy MC, Toldrá F. Sources of variability in the analysis of meat nutrient coenzyme Q10 for food composition databases. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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226
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Jacobs G, Lieb W, Menke T, Döring F. Association between serum level of ubiquinol and NT-proBNP, a marker for chronic heart failure, in healthy elderly subjects. Biofactors 2015; 41:35-43. [PMID: 25728634 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquinone and ubiquinol represent the oxidized and reduced forms of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). CoQ10 is present in membranes of almost all human tissues and organs, with highest concentration in the heart. In patients with heart failure, serum levels of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are an indicator of disease severity. Here, we investigated the relationship between serum levels of CoQ10 and NT-proBNP in healthy volunteers of an elderly study population (mean age 52 years, n = 871). We found a negative association between serum levels of ubiquinol and NT-proBNP (P < 0.001). Accordingly, the CoQ10 redox state (% oxidized form of CoQ10) is positively associated with serum NT-proBNP level (P < 0.001). Compared to patients who survived a myocardial infarction (n = 21), healthy subjects have lower NT-proBNP level (500.39 ± 631.28 pg/ml vs. 76.90 ± 120.27 pg/ml, P < 0.001), higher ubiquinol serum level (0.43 ± 0.19 µmol/L vs. 0.71 ± 0.32 µmol/L; P < 0.001), and a lower CoQ10 redox state (27.6 ± 13.8% vs. 17.6 ± 10.1%; P < 0.001). Interestingly, ubiquinol supplementation (150 mg/day; 14 day; n = 53) slightly reduces the expression of CLCN6, a gene related to NT-proBNP level. In summary, higher serum levels of ubiquinol are associated with lower serum NT-proBNP levels in healthy elderly subjects. However, to what extent a high serum level of ubiquinol is a protective factor for heart failure remains to be elucidated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Sarewicz M, Osyczka A. Electronic connection between the quinone and cytochrome C redox pools and its role in regulation of mitochondrial electron transport and redox signaling. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:219-43. [PMID: 25540143 PMCID: PMC4281590 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration, an important bioenergetic process, relies on operation of four membranous enzymatic complexes linked functionally by mobile, freely diffusible elements: quinone molecules in the membrane and water-soluble cytochromes c in the intermembrane space. One of the mitochondrial complexes, complex III (cytochrome bc1 or ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase), provides an electronic connection between these two diffusible redox pools linking in a fully reversible manner two-electron quinone oxidation/reduction with one-electron cytochrome c reduction/oxidation. Several features of this homodimeric enzyme implicate that in addition to its well-defined function of contributing to generation of proton-motive force, cytochrome bc1 may be a physiologically important point of regulation of electron flow acting as a sensor of the redox state of mitochondria that actively responds to changes in bioenergetic conditions. These features include the following: the opposing redox reactions at quinone catalytic sites located on the opposite sides of the membrane, the inter-monomer electronic connection that functionally links four quinone binding sites of a dimer into an H-shaped electron transfer system, as well as the potential to generate superoxide and release it to the intermembrane space where it can be engaged in redox signaling pathways. Here we highlight recent advances in understanding how cytochrome bc1 may accomplish this regulatory physiological function, what is known and remains unknown about catalytic and side reactions within the quinone binding sites and electron transfers through the cofactor chains connecting those sites with the substrate redox pools. We also discuss the developed molecular mechanisms in the context of physiology of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sarewicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Osyczka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Fischer A, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Döring F. Promotion of growth by Coenzyme Q10 is linked to gene expression in C. elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:920-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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229
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Majumdar AS, Nirwane A, Kamble R. Coenzyme q10 abrogated the 28 days aluminium chloride induced oxidative changes in rat cerebral cortex. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:214-21. [PMID: 25253934 PMCID: PMC4170566 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.139814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was designed to elucidate the impact of oral administration of aluminium chloride for 28 days with respect to oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex of female rats. Further, to investigate the potentials of Coenzyme (Co) Q10 (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg, i.p.) in mitigating the detrimental changes. Materials and Methods: Biochemical estimations of cerebral lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin E and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were carried out after 28 days of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and Co Q10 exposures along with histopathological examination of cerebral cortex of the rats. Results: Subacute exposure to AlCl3(5 mg/kg) led to significant decrease in levels of GSH, vitamin E and activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and an increase in LPO of cerebral cortex. These aberrations were restored by Co Q10 (12 mg/kg, i.p.). This protection offered was comparable to that of L-deprenyl (1 mg/kg, i.p.) which served as a reference standard. Histopathological evaluations confirmed that the normal cerebral morphology was maintained by Co Q10. Conclusion: Thus, AlCl3 exposure hampers the activities of various antioxidant enzymes and induces oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of female Wistar rats. Supplementation with intraperitoneal Co Q10 abrogated these deleterious effects of AlCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha S Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Kamble
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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230
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Wang J, Li S, Yang T, Yang J. Synthesis and antioxidant activities of Coenzyme Q analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:710-3. [PMID: 25232967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinones (Coenzyme Q) substituted at the C-6 position with various groups were designed and synthesized based on the Coenzyme Q10 as potent antioxidant. In vitro antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated and compared with commercial antioxidant Coenzyme Q10 employing DPPH assay. All these synthesized Coenzyme Q analogues are found to exhibit good antioxidant activities. Of which Compound 8b bearing a N-benzoylpiperazine group at the C-6 position showed more potent inhibition of DPPH radical than Coenzyme Q10. All these results suggested the applicability of the Coenzyme Q analogues as potent antioxidants for combating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, PR China; Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Shuo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, PR China.
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231
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Nguyen TPT, Casarin A, Desbats MA, Doimo M, Trevisson E, Santos-Ocaña C, Navas P, Clarke CF, Salviati L. Molecular characterization of the human COQ5 C-methyltransferase in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1628-38. [PMID: 25152161 PMCID: PMC4331671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coq5 catalyzes the only C-methylation involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone) in humans and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As one of eleven polypeptides required for Q production in yeast, Coq5 has also been shown to assemble with the multi-subunit complex termed the CoQ-synthome. In humans, mutations in several COQ genes cause primary Q deficiency, and a decrease in Q biosynthesis is associated with mitochondrial, cardiovascular, kidney and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we characterize the human COQ5 polypeptide and examine its complementation of yeast coq5 point and null mutants. We show that human COQ5 RNA is expressed in all tissues and that the COQ5 polypeptide is associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane on the matrix side. Previous work in yeast has shown that point mutations within or adjacent to conserved COQ5 methyltransferase motifs result in a loss of Coq5 function but not Coq5 steady state levels. Here, we show that stabilization of the CoQ-synthome within coq5 point mutants or by over-expression of COQ8 in coq5 null mutants permits the human COQ5 homolog to partially restore coq5 mutant growth on respiratory media and Q6 content. Immunoblotting against the human COQ5 polypeptide in isolated yeast mitochondria shows that the human Coq5 polypeptide migrates in two-dimensional blue-native/SDS-PAGE at the same high molecular mass as other yeast Coq proteins. The results presented suggest that human and Escherichia coli Coq5 homologs expressed in yeast retain C-methyltransferase activity but are capable of rescuing the coq5 yeast mutants only when the CoQ-synthome is assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa P T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Alberto Casarin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Mara Doimo
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
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González-Mariscal I, García-Testón E, Padilla S, Martín-Montalvo A, Pomares Viciana T, Vazquez-Fonseca L, Gandolfo Domínguez P, Santos-Ocaña C. The regulation of coenzyme q biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells: all that yeast can tell us. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:107-18. [PMID: 25126044 DOI: 10.1159/000362897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a mitochondrial lipid, which functions mainly as an electron carrier from complex I or II to complex III at the mitochondrial inner membrane, and also as antioxidant in cell membranes. CoQ is needed as electron acceptor in β-oxidation of fatty acids and pyridine nucleotide biosynthesis, and it is responsible for opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The yeast model has been very useful to analyze the synthesis of CoQ, and therefore, most of the knowledge about its regulation was obtained from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. CoQ biosynthesis is regulated to support 2 processes: the bioenergetic metabolism and the antioxidant defense. Alterations of the carbon source in yeast, or in nutrient availability in yeasts or mammalian cells, upregulate genes encoding proteins involved in CoQ synthesis. Oxidative stress, generated by chemical or physical agents or by serum deprivation, modifies specifically the expression of some COQ genes by means of stress transcription factors such as Msn2/4p, Yap1p or Hsf1p. In general, the induction of COQ gene expression produced by metabolic changes or stress is modulated downstream by other regulatory mechanisms such as the protein import to mitochondria, the assembly of a multi-enzymatic complex composed by Coq proteins and also the existence of a phosphorylation cycle that regulates the last steps of CoQ biosynthesis. The CoQ biosynthetic complex assembly starts with the production of a nucleating lipid such as HHB by the action of the Coq2 protein. Then, the Coq4 protein recognizes the precursor HHB acting as the nucleus of the complex. The activity of Coq8p, probably as kinase, allows the formation of an initial pre-complex containing all Coq proteins with the exception of Coq7p. This pre-complex leads to the synthesis of 5-demethoxy-Q6 (DMQ6), the Coq7p substrate. When de novo CoQ biosynthesis is required, Coq7p becomes dephosphorylated by the action of Ptc7p increasing the synthesis rate of CoQ6. This critical model is needed for a better understanding of CoQ biosynthesis. Taking into account that patients with CoQ10 deficiency maintain to some extent the machinery to synthesize CoQ, new promising strategies for the treatment of CoQ10 deficiency will require a better understanding of the regulation of CoQ biosynthesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena García-Testón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., USA
| | | | - Teresa Pomares Viciana
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Vazquez-Fonseca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Gandolfo Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
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233
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Stabilization of apoptotic cells: generation of zombie cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1369. [PMID: 25118929 PMCID: PMC4454307 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is characterized by degradation of cell components but plasma membrane remains intact. Apoptotic microtubule network (AMN) is organized during apoptosis forming a cortical structure beneath plasma membrane that maintains plasma membrane integrity. Apoptotic cells are also characterized by high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that can be potentially harmful for the cell. The aim of this study was to develop a method that allows stabilizing apoptotic cells for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. By using a cocktail composed of taxol (a microtubule stabilizer), Zn2+ (a caspase inhibitor) and coenzyme Q10 (a lipid antioxidant), we were able to stabilize H460 apoptotic cells in cell cultures for at least 72 h, preventing secondary necrosis. Stabilized apoptotic cells maintain many apoptotic cell characteristics such as the presence of apoptotic microtubules, plasma membrane integrity, low intracellular calcium levels and mitochondrial polarization. Apoptotic cell stabilization may open new avenues in apoptosis detection and therapy.
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234
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The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and α-Tocopherol in Skim Milk–Based Extender for Preservation of Caspian Stallion Semen in Cool Condition. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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235
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de Dieu Ndikubwimana J, Lee BH. Enhanced production techniques, properties and uses of coenzyme Q10. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1917-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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236
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Jacobs G, Nöthlings U, Lieb W, Menke T, Döring F. Ubiquinol reduces gamma glutamyltransferase as a marker of oxidative stress in humans. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:427. [PMID: 24996614 PMCID: PMC4105833 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduced form of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), ubiquinol (Q10H2), serves as a potent antioxidant in mitochondria and lipid membranes. There is evidence that Q10H2 protects against oxidative events in lipids, proteins and DNA. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is associated with cardiovascular diseases. In a physiological range, activity of GGT is a potential early and sensitive marker of inflammation and oxidative stress.In this study, we first examined the relationship between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity in 416 healthy participants between 19 and 62 years of age in a cross-sectional study (cohort I). In the second step, 53 healthy males (21-48 years of age; cohort II) underwent a 14-day Q10H2 supplementation (150 mg/d) to evaluate the effect of Q10H2 supplementation on serum GGT activity and GGT1 gene expression. FINDINGS There was a strong positive association between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity in cohort I. However, a gender-specific examination revealed differences between male and female volunteers regarding the association between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity. Q10H2 supplementation (cohort II) caused a significant decrease in serum GGT activity from T0 to T14 (p < 0.001). GGT1 mRNA levels declined 1.49-fold after Q10H2 supplementation. Of note, other liver enzymes (i.e., aspartate aminotransferase, AST) were not affected by Q10H2 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS CoQ10 level is positively associated with serum GGT activity. Supplementation with Q10H2 reduces serum GGT activity. This effect might be caused by gene expression. Overall, we provide preliminary evidence that higher Q10H2 levels improve oxidative stress via reduction of serum GGT activity in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN26780329.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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237
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El Refaeey A, Selem A, Badawy A. Combined coenzyme Q10 and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:119-24. [PMID: 24813752 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of combined oral coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 101 infertile women with PCOS resistant to clomiphene citrate were randomized either to combined CoQ10 and clomiphene citrate (51 patients, 82 cycles) or to clomiphene citrate alone (50 patients, 71 cycles). The outcome measures were number of follicles, serum oestradiol, serum progesterone, endometrial thickness and ovulation, clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates. Numbers of follicles >14 mm and ≥18 mm were significantly higher in the CoQ10 group. Endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin was significantly greater in the CoQ10 group (8.82 ± 0.27 mm versus 7.03 ± 0.74 mm). Ovulation occurred in 54/82 cycles (65.9%) in the CoQ10 group and 11/71 cycles (15.5%) in the control group. Clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the CoQ10 group (19/51, 37.3%) versus the control group (3/50, 6.0%). Combination of CoQ10 and clomiphene citrate in the treatment of clomiphene-citrate-resistant PCOS patients improves ovulation and clinical pregnancy rates. It is an effective and safe option and can be considered before gonadotrophin therapy or laparoscopic ovarian drilling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal Selem
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Badawy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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238
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Functional conservation of coenzyme Q biosynthetic genes among yeasts, plants, and humans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99038. [PMID: 24911838 PMCID: PMC4049637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential factor for aerobic growth and oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport system. The biosynthetic pathway for CoQ has been proposed mainly from biochemical and genetic analyses of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, the biosynthetic pathway in higher eukaryotes has been explored in only a limited number of studies. We previously reported the roles of several genes involved in CoQ synthesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here, we expand these findings by identifying ten genes (dps1, dlp1, ppt1, and coq3–9) that are required for CoQ synthesis. CoQ10-deficient S. pombe coq deletion strains were generated and characterized. All mutant fission yeast strains were sensitive to oxidative stress, produced a large amount of sulfide, required an antioxidant to grow on minimal medium, and did not survive at the stationary phase. To compare the biosynthetic pathway of CoQ in fission yeast with that in higher eukaryotes, the ability of CoQ biosynthetic genes from humans and plants (Arabidopsis thaliana) to functionally complement the S. pombe coq deletion strains was determined. With the exception of COQ9, expression of all other human and plant COQ genes recovered CoQ10 production by the fission yeast coq deletion strains, although the addition of a mitochondrial targeting sequence was required for human COQ3 and COQ7, as well as A. thaliana COQ6. In summary, this study describes the functional conservation of CoQ biosynthetic genes between yeasts, humans, and plants.
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239
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Bentov Y, Hannam T, Jurisicova A, Esfandiari N, Casper RF. Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Oocyte Aneuploidy in Women Undergoing IVF-ICSI Treatment. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2014; 8:31-6. [PMID: 24987272 PMCID: PMC4071761 DOI: 10.4137/cmrh.s14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The age-related reduction in live-birth rate is attributed to a high rate of aneuploidy and follicle depletion. We showed in an animal model that treatment with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) markedly improved reproductive outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the post-meiotic oocyte aneuploidy rate in in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) patients treated with CoQ10 or placebo. METHODS We conducted a double blind placebo controlled randomized trial that included IVF–ICSI patients 35–43 years of age. The patients were treated with either 600 mg of CoQ10 or an equivalent number of placebo caps. We compared the post-meiotic aneuploidy rate using polar body biopsy (PBBX) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). According to the power calculation, 27 patients were needed for each arm. RESULTS Owing to safety concerns regarding the effects of polar body biopsy on embryo quality and implantation, the study was terminated before reaching the target number of participants. A total of 39 patients were evaluated and randomized (17 CoQ10, 22 placebo), 27 were given the study medication (12 CoQ10, 15 placebo), and 24 completed an IVF–ICSI cycle including PBBX and embryo transfer (10 CoQ10, 14 placebo). Average age, base line follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), peak estradiol and progesterone serum level, as well as the total number of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) units—did not differ between the groups. The rate of aneuploidy was 46.5% in the CoQ10 group compared to 62.8% in the control. Clinical pregnancy rate was 33% for the CoQ10 group and 26.7% for the control group. CONCLUSION No significant differences in outcome were detected between the CoQ10 and placebo groups. However, the final study was underpowered to detect a difference in the rate of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Bentov
- Toronto Centre for Advanced Reproductive Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Jurisicova
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Navid Esfandiari
- Toronto Centre for Advanced Reproductive Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert F Casper
- Toronto Centre for Advanced Reproductive Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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240
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Ozaltin F. Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10) deficiencies and related nephropathies. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:961-9. [PMID: 23736673 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone, plays an essential role in the human body not only by generating ATP in the mitochondrial respiratory chain but also by providing protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and functioning in the activation of many mitochondrial dehydrogenases and enzymes required in pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthesis. The presentations of primary CoQ10 deficiencies caused by genetic mutations are very heterogeneous. The phenotypes related to energy depletion or ROS production may depend on the content of CoQ10 in the cell, which is determined by the severity of the mutation. Primary CoQ10 deficiency is unique among mitochondrial disorders because early supplementation with CoQ10 can prevent the onset of neurological and renal manifestations. In this review I summarize primary CoQ10 deficiencies caused by various genetic abnormalities, emphasizing its nephropathic form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozaltin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey,
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241
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Pyo YH, Lee KW. Preventive effect of Monascus-fermented products enriched with ubiquinones on type 2 diabetic rats induced by a high-fructose plus high-fat diet. J Med Food 2014; 17:826-9. [PMID: 24866225 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the aqueous extract of Monascus-fermented grains (MFGEs) enriched with ubiquinones (Coenzyme Qs, CoQ9+CoQ10) alleviates high-fructose (60%) plus high-fat (20%) diet (HFD)-induced hyperglycemia and hepatic oxidative stress in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were fed HFD for 16 weeks and orally administered with MFGEs (300 mg/kg/day) or atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/day) for the last 4 weeks of the study. HFD-fed rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired insulin sensitivity. MFGE treatment prevented the increase in glucose levels and index of insulin resistance in the HFD-induced diabetic rats. A significant decrease in hepatic lipid peroxidation and significant increases in hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in the MFGE supplemented group. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with MFGEs enriched with CoQs exerts an antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats by improving insulin resistance and hepatic antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Pyo
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University , Seoul, Korea
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242
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Sandhir R, Sethi N, Aggarwal A, Khera A. Coenzyme Q10 treatment ameliorates cognitive deficits by modulating mitochondrial functions in surgically induced menopause. Neurochem Int 2014; 74:16-23. [PMID: 24780430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms associated with cognitive decline in post-menopausal state driven by loss of ovarian function and reduced estrogen levels are not well understood. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions in cognitive impairment in post-menopausal state and to evaluate the protective effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). A significant decline in cognitive functions was observed in mice after four weeks of ovariectomy as assessed by morris water maze and elevated plus maze. Administration of CoQ10 (10 mg/kg body weight, orally) daily for 4 weeks was found to reverse cognitive deficits observed in ovariectomized (Ovx) mice. The activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain components; NADH: cytochrome c reductase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase was significantly reduced in the brain of Ovx mice. This was accompanied by higher levels of ROS, protein carbonyls, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial swelling and reduced activity of aconitase. The levels of GSH were observed to be significantly lowered resulting in reduced redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) in brain of Ovx mice. Activities of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase and catalase were also found to be reduced in brain of Ovx animals. CoQ10 supplementation to Ovx mice mitigated the mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress. Thus, the data indicates that CoQ10 improves cognitive decline in post-menopausal state by modulating mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Neha Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Aanchal Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Alka Khera
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Wang D, Yan X, Xia M, Yang Y, Li D, Li X, Song F, Ling W. Coenzyme Q10 promotes macrophage cholesterol efflux by regulation of the activator protein-1/miR-378/ATP-binding cassette transporter G1-signaling pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1860-70. [PMID: 24675662 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown the role of miRNAs in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and atherogenesis. We hypothesized that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may increase macrophage reverse cholesterol transport by regulating miRNA expression that contributes to the prevention of atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS CoQ10 treatment suppressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation by ameliorating the binding of activator protein-1 to the putative promoter region of miR-378 primary transcript, thus decreasing the miR-378 level and enhancing the ATP-binding cassette transporter G1-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein. Subsequently, the axis of activator protein-1/miR-378/ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 cholesterol efflux was confirmed in peritoneal macrophages isolated from CoQ10-treated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Finally, CoQ10 consumption promoted macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and inhibited the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS This study identified activator protein-1/miR-378/ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 as a novel cascade for CoQ10 in facilitating macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro and in vivo. Our data thus imply that both CoQ10 and miR-378 are promising candidates for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Wang
- From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., X.Y., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., X.L., F.S., W.L.); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., W.L.)
| | - Xiao Yan
- From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., X.Y., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., X.L., F.S., W.L.); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., W.L.)
| | - Min Xia
- From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., X.Y., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., X.L., F.S., W.L.); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., W.L.)
| | - Yan Yang
- From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., X.Y., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., X.L., F.S., W.L.); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., W.L.)
| | - Dan Li
- From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., X.Y., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., X.L., F.S., W.L.); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., W.L.)
| | - Xinrui Li
- From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., X.Y., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., X.L., F.S., W.L.); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., W.L.)
| | - Fenglin Song
- From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., X.Y., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., X.L., F.S., W.L.); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., W.L.)
| | - Wenhua Ling
- From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., X.Y., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., X.L., F.S., W.L.); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China (D.W., M.X., Y.Y., D.L., W.L.).
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244
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Majumdar A, Nirwane A, Kamble R. New evidences of neurotoxicity of aroclor 1254 in mice brain: potential of coenzyme q10 in abating the detrimental outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:e2014001. [PMID: 24683537 PMCID: PMC3965848 DOI: 10.5620/eht.2014.29.e2014001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present subacute study was designed to evaluate the effect of coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) in the 28 days aroclor 1254 exposure induced oxidative stress in mice brain. METHODS Biochemical estimations of brain lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), and histopathological investigations of brain tissue were carried out. RESULTS Oral exposure of aroclor 1254 (5 mg/kg) led to significant decrease in levels of GSH, and activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and AChE, and increase in LPO. These aberrations were restored by CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection [IP]). This protection offered was comparable to that of L-deprenyl (1 mg/kg, IP) which served as a reference standard. CONCLUSIONS Aroclor 1254 exposure hampers the activities of various antioxidant enzymes and induces oxidative stress in the brains of Swiss albino mice. Supplementation of CoQ10 abrogates these deleterious effects of aroclor 1254. CoQ10 also apparently enhanced acetyl cholinesterase activity which reflects its influence on the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Kamble
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, India
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245
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Duberley KE, Heales SJR, Abramov AY, Chalasani A, Land JM, Rahman S, Hargreaves IP. Effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on mitochondrial electron transport chain activity and mitochondrial oxidative stress in Coenzyme Q10 deficient human neuronal cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:60-3. [PMID: 24534273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Common presenting features include both muscle and neurological dysfunction. Muscle abnormalities can improve, both clinically and biochemically following CoQ10 supplementation, however neurological symptoms are only partially ameliorated. At present, the reasons for the refractory nature of the neurological dysfunction remain unknown. In order to investigate this at the biochemical level we evaluated the effect of CoQ10 treatment upon a previously established neuronal cell model of CoQ10 deficiency. This model was established by treatment of human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells with 1 mM para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which induced a 54% decrease in cellular CoQ10 status. CoQ10 treatment (2.5 μM) for 5 days significantly (p<0.0005) decreased the level of mitochondrial superoxide in the CoQ10 deficient neurons. In addition, CoQ10 treatment (5 μM) restored mitochondrial membrane potential to 90% of the control level. However, CoQ10 treatment (10 μM) was only partially effective at restoring mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme activities. ETC complexes II/III activity was significantly (p<0.05) increased to 82.5% of control levels. ETC complexes I and IV activities were restored to 71.1% and 77.7%, respectively of control levels. In conclusion, the results of this study have indicated that although mitochondrial oxidative stress can be attenuated in CoQ10 deficient neurons following CoQ10 supplementation, ETC enzyme activities appear partially refractory to treatment. Accordingly, treatment with >10 μM CoQ10 may be required to restore ETC enzyme activities to control level. Accordingly, these results have important implication for the treatment of the neurological presentations of CoQ10 deficiency and indicate that high doses of CoQ10 may be required to elicit therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Duberley
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - S J R Heales
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, London, UK; Department of Clinical Pathology and Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - A Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - A Chalasani
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, London, UK
| | - J M Land
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Rahman
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - I P Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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246
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Coenzyme Q10 as a therapy for mitochondrial disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:105-11. [PMID: 24495877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) disorders is extremely difficult, however, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its synthetic analogues are the only agents which have shown some therapeutic benefit to patients. CoQ10 serves as an electron carrier in the MRC as well as functioning as a potent lipid soluble antioxidant. CoQ10 supplementation is fundamental to the treatment of patients with primary defects in the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway. The efficacy of CoQ10 and its analogues in the treatment of patients with MRC disorders not associated with a CoQ10 deficiency indicates their ability to restore electron flow in the MRC and/or increase mitochondrial antioxidant capacity may also be important contributory factors to their therapeutic potential.
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247
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Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:375-415. [PMID: 24462787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiomyopathy, independent of concomitant macro- and microvascular disorders. 'Diabetic cardiomyopathy' is characterized by early impairments in diastolic function, accompanied by the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The pathophysiology underlying diabetes-induced cardiac damage is complex and multifactorial, with elevated oxidative stress as a key contributor. We now review the current evidence of molecular disturbances present in the diabetic heart, and their role in the development of diabetes-induced impairments in myocardial function and structure. Our focus incorporates both the contribution of increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced antioxidant defenses to diabetic cardiomyopathy, together with modulation of protein signaling pathways and the emerging role of protein O-GlcNAcylation and miRNA dysregulation in the progression of diabetic heart disease. Lastly, we discuss both conventional and novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients, from inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, through recent evidence favoring supplementation of endogenous antioxidants for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K(p110α) signaling pathway, and miRNA dysregulation, are also reviewed. Targeting redox stress and protective protein signaling pathways may represent a future strategy for combating the ever-increasing incidence of heart failure in the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Huynh
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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248
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He CH, Xie LX, Allan CM, Tran UC, Clarke CF. Coenzyme Q supplementation or over-expression of the yeast Coq8 putative kinase stabilizes multi-subunit Coq polypeptide complexes in yeast coq null mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:630-44. [PMID: 24406904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q biosynthesis in yeast requires a multi-subunit Coq polypeptide complex. Deletion of any one of the COQ genes leads to respiratory deficiency and decreased levels of the Coq4, Coq6, Coq7, and Coq9 polypeptides, suggesting that their association in a high molecular mass complex is required for stability. Over-expression of the putative Coq8 kinase in certain coq null mutants restores steady-state levels of the sensitive Coq polypeptides and promotes the synthesis of late-stage Q-intermediates. Here we show that over-expression of Coq8 in yeast coq null mutants profoundly affects the association of several of the Coq polypeptides in high molecular mass complexes, as assayed by separation of digitonin extracts of mitochondria by two-dimensional blue-native/SDS PAGE. The Coq4 polypeptide persists at high molecular mass with over-expression of Coq8 in coq3, coq5, coq6, coq7, coq9, and coq10 mutants, indicating that Coq4 is a central organizer of the Coq complex. Supplementation with exogenous Q6 increased the steady-state levels of Coq4, Coq7, and Coq9, and several other mitochondrial polypeptides in select coq null mutants, and also promoted the formation of late-stage Q-intermediates. Q supplementation may stabilize this complex by interacting with one or more of the Coq polypeptides. The stabilizing effects of exogenously added Q6 or over-expression of Coq8 depend on Coq1 and Coq2 production of a polyisoprenyl intermediate. Based on the observed interdependence of the Coq polypeptides, the effect of exogenous Q6, and the requirement for an endogenously produced polyisoprenyl intermediate, we propose a new model for the Q-biosynthetic complex, termed the CoQ-synthome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwen H He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Letian X Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Christopher M Allan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Uyenphuong C Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
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Comparative effects of biodynes, tocotrienol-rich fraction, and tocopherol in enhancing collagen synthesis and inhibiting collagen degradation in stress-induced premature senescence model of human diploid fibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:298574. [PMID: 24396567 PMCID: PMC3874949 DOI: 10.1155/2013/298574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biodynes, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), and tocopherol have shown antiaging properties. However, the combined effects of these compounds on skin aging are yet to be investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the skin aging effects of biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol on stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) by determining the expression of collagen and MMPs at gene and protein levels. Primary HDFs were treated with biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure. The expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9 genes was determined by qRT-PCR. Type I and type III procollagen proteins were measured by Western blotting while the activities of MMPs were quantified by fluorometric Sensolyte MMP Kit. Our results showed that biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol upregulated collagen genes and downregulated MMP genes (P < 0.05). Type I procollagen and type III procollagen protein levels were significantly increased in response to biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol treatment (P < 0.05) with reduction in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 activities (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol effectively enhanced collagen synthesis and inhibited collagen degradation and therefore may protect the skin from aging.
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250
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Peerapanyasut W, Thamprasert K, Wongmekiat O. Ubiquinol supplementation protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:180-9. [PMID: 24151980 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.858148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Generation of toxic oxygen metabolites followed by oxidant- and inflammatory-mediated tissue injury plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemia and reperfusion (IR). Ubiquinol, the reduced form of coenzyme Q10, is recognized for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in biological membranes. The present study was established to examine the possible protective effect of ubiquinol against renal IR injury. Groups of male Wistar rats were assigned into sham, ubiquinol, IR (45-min bilateral renal ischemia followed by 24-h reperfusion), and ubiquinol+ IR (ubiquinol 300 mg/kg given orally for 7 consecutive days before IR induction). Renal morphology, function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were evaluated at the end of reperfusion. IR caused renal dysfunction as shown by significant increases in blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and a decrease in creatinine clearance. Light and electron microscopic examinations exhibited severe tubular damages and abnormal mitochondrial structure. IR-induced renal injuries were associated with significant increases in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, but decreases in antioxidant thiols and superoxide dismutase. Pretreatment with ubiquinol obviously attenuated all the changes caused by IR, whereas it had no considerable effect in the sham-operated rats. These findings indicate that supplementation of ubiquinol prior to IR incidence confers functional and morphological protection to the ischemic kidney by maintaining the redox balance and regulating the generation of inflammatory mediator. The outcomes suggest that ubiquinol may be a potential candidate to counteract organ dysfunction in conditions involving IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Peerapanyasut
- Department of Physiology, Renal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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