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miR-6869-5p Inhibits Glioma Cell Proliferation and Invasion via Targeting PGK1. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9752372. [PMID: 32565733 PMCID: PMC7260655 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9752372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have suggested the dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in brain tumors, including glioma. miR-6869-5p has been documented to be aberrantly expressed in diverse cancers. However, the precise role of miR-6869-5p in glioma remains poorly understood. This study is aimed at evaluating its modifying effects on glioma. Significantly decreased expression of miR-6869-5p was found in glioma tissues and cells. Negative association was documented between miR-6869-5p and PGK1 in glioma cells, and PGK1 was demonstrated to be a targeted gene of this miRNA by luciferase reporter assay. miR-6869-5p regulated glioma cell proliferation and invasion via targeting PGK1. In addition, the survival analysis had suggested that low miR-6869-5p expression predicted poor prognosis of glioma patients. This study has suggested that miR-6869-5p is a useful tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in glioma.
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202
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Fan Y, Ou L, Fan J, Li L, Wang X, Niu L, Wu X, Luo C. PLCε regulates metabolism and metastasis signaling via HIF-1α/MEK/ERK pathway in prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8546-8557. [PMID: 32383180 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C-ε (PLCε) is frequently overexpressed in tumors and plays an important role in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Although great progress has been made in understanding biological roles of PLCε, the relevant molecular mechanisms underlying its pro-tumor activity remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that PLCε knockdown reduced cell metastasis, glucose consumption and lactate production in a manner that depended on hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression in prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, our findings showed that the expression levels of PLCε were positively associated with those of HIF-1α in clinical prostate carcinoma samples. Knockdown of PLCε impaired HIF-1α levels and transcriptional activity by regulating the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, and blocking HIF-1α nuclear translocation. Furthermore, PLCε could interact with the von Hippel-Lindau E3 ligase complex to modulate the stability of HIF-1α. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PLCε could be a crucial positive regulator of HIF-1α, which would promote PLCε-enhanced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Fan
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Ou
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo Li
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfang Niu
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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203
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Liang C, Shi S, Qin Y, Meng Q, Hua J, Hu Q, Ji S, Zhang B, Xu J, Yu XJ. Localisation of PGK1 determines metabolic phenotype to balance metastasis and proliferation in patients with SMAD4-negative pancreatic cancer. Gut 2020; 69:888-900. [PMID: 31611300 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive type of GI tumour, and it possesses deregulated cellular energetics. Although recent advances in PDAC biology have led to the discovery of recurrent genetic mutations in Kras, TP53 and SMAD4, which are related to this disease, clinical application of the molecular phenotype of PDAC remains challenging. DESIGN We combined molecular imaging technology (positron emission tomography/CT) and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the correlation between the maximum standardised uptake value and SMAD4 expression and examined the effect of SMAD4 on glycolysis through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we identified the effect of SMAD4 on metabolic reprogramming by metabolomics and glucose metabolism gene expression analyses. Dual luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to identify whether SMAD4 functioned as a transcription factor for phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) in PDAC cells. Proliferative and metastatic assays were performed to examine the effect of PGK1 on the malignant behaviour of PDAC. RESULTS We provide compelling evidence that the glycolytic enzyme PGK1 is repressed by transforming growth factor-β/SMAD4. Loss of SMAD4 induces PGK1 upregulation in PDAC, which enhances glycolysis and aggressive tumour behaviour. Notably, in SMAD4-negative PDAC, nuclear PGK1 preferentially drives cell metastasis via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation induction, whereas cytoplasmic PGK1 preferentially supports proliferation by functioning as a glycolytic enzyme. The PDAC progression pattern and distinct PGK1 localisation combine to predict overall survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION PGK1 is a decisive oncogene in patients with SMAD4-negative PDAC and can be a target for the development of a therapeutic strategy for SMAD4-negative PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangshen Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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204
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Liu Y, Jiang Y, Li W, Han C, Qi Z. MicroRNA and mRNA analysis of angiotensin II-induced renal artery endothelial cell dysfunction. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3723-3737. [PMID: 32346437 PMCID: PMC7185074 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous activation of angiotensin II (Ang II) induces renal vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress, all of which may contribute to renal damage. MicroRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) play a crucial regulatory role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy (HN). The present study aimed to assess the differential expression profiles of potential candidate genes involved in Ang II-induced rat renal artery endothelial cell (RRAEC) dysfunction and explore their possible functions. In the present study, the changes in energy metabolism and autophagy function in RRAECs were evaluated using the Seahorse XF Glycolysis Stress Test and dansylcadaverine/transmission electron microscopy following exposure to Ang II. Subsequently, mRNA-miRNA sequencing experiments were performed to determine the differential expression profiles of mRNAs and miRNAs. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was applied to further explore the molecular mechanisms of Ang II on endothelial injury induced by Ang II. The present data supported the notion that Ang II upregulated glycolysis levels and promoted autophagy activation in RRAECs. The sequencing data demonstrated that 443 mRNAs and 58 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in response to Ang II exposure, where 66 mRNAs and 55 miRNAs were upregulated, while 377 mRNAs and 3 miRNAs were downregulated (fold change >1.5 or <0.67; P<0.05). Functional analysis indicated that DE mRNA and DE miRNA target genes were mainly associated with cell metabolism (metabolic pathways), differentiation (Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation), autophagy (autophagy-animal and autophagy-other) and repair (RNA-repair). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on mRNA-miRNA integrated profiles of Ang II-induced RRAECs. The present results provided evidence suggesting that the miRNA-mediated effect on the ‘mTOR signaling pathway’ might play a role in Ang II-induced RRAEC injury by driving glycolysis and autophagy activation. Targeting miRNAs and their associated pathways may provide valuable insight into the clinical management of HN and may improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Medicine integrated with Western Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Nephropathy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Cong Han
- Department of Clinical Chinese Medicine integrated with Western Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Qi
- Department of Clinical Chinese Medicine integrated with Western Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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205
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Alam H, Tang M, Maitituoheti M, Dhar SS, Kumar M, Han CY, Ambati CR, Amin SB, Gu B, Chen TY, Lin YH, Chen J, Muller FL, Putluri N, Flores ER, DeMayo FJ, Baseler L, Rai K, Lee MG. KMT2D Deficiency Impairs Super-Enhancers to Confer a Glycolytic Vulnerability in Lung Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:599-617.e7. [PMID: 32243837 PMCID: PMC7178078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifiers frequently harbor loss-of-function mutations in lung cancer, but their tumor-suppressive roles are poorly characterized. Histone methyltransferase KMT2D (a COMPASS-like enzyme, also called MLL4) is among the most highly inactivated epigenetic modifiers in lung cancer. Here, we show that lung-specific loss of Kmt2d promotes lung tumorigenesis in mice and upregulates pro-tumorigenic programs, including glycolysis. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis preferentially impedes tumorigenicity of human lung cancer cells bearing KMT2D-inactivating mutations. Mechanistically, Kmt2d loss widely impairs epigenomic signals for super-enhancers/enhancers, including the super-enhancer for the circadian rhythm repressor Per2. Loss of Kmt2d decreases expression of PER2, which regulates multiple glycolytic genes. These findings indicate that KMT2D is a lung tumor suppressor and that KMT2D deficiency confers a therapeutic vulnerability to glycolytic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Mayinuer Maitituoheti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Shilpa S Dhar
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chae Young Han
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chandrashekar R Ambati
- Advanced Technology Core and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samir B Amin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bingnan Gu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tsai-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Hsi Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Florian L Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Advanced Technology Core and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Laura Baseler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kunal Rai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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206
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Potent Anticancer Effect of the Natural Steroidal Saponin Gracillin Is Produced by Inhibiting Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation-Mediated Bioenergetics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040913. [PMID: 32276500 PMCID: PMC7226187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring to utilize aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer. However, recent findings suggest the role of mitochondria in energy generation in cancer cells and the metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in response to the blockade of glycolysis. We previously demonstrated that the antitumor effect of gracillin occurs through the inhibition of mitochondrial complex II-mediated energy production. Here, we investigated the potential of gracillin as an anticancer agent targeting both glycolysis and OXPHOS in breast and lung cancer cells. Along with the reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, gracillin markedly suppresses the production of several glycolysis-associated metabolites. A docking analysis and enzyme assay suggested phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is a potential target for the antiglycolytic effect of gracillin. Gracillin reduced the viability and colony formation ability of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Gracillin displayed efficacious antitumor effects in mice bearing breast cancer cell line or breast cancer patient-derived tumor xenografts with no overt changes in body weight. An analysis of publicly available datasets further suggested that PGK1 expression is associated with metastasis status and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. These results suggest that gracillin is a natural anticancer agent that inhibits both glycolysis and mitochondria-mediated bioenergetics.
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207
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Xu D, Wang Z, Xia Y, Shao F, Xia W, Wei Y, Li X, Qian X, Lee JH, Du L, Zheng Y, Lv G, Leu JS, Wang H, Xing D, Liang T, Hung MC, Lu Z. The gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 phosphorylates INSIG1/2 for lipogenesis. Nature 2020; 580:530-535. [PMID: 32322062 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells increase lipogenesis for their proliferation and the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) has a central role in this process. SREBPs are inhibited by a complex composed of INSIG proteins, SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and sterols in the endoplasmic reticulum. Regulation of the interaction between INSIG proteins and SCAP by sterol levels is critical for the dissociation of the SCAP-SREBP complex from the endoplasmic reticulum and the activation of SREBPs1,2. However, whether this protein interaction is regulated by a mechanism other than the abundance of sterol-and in particular, whether oncogenic signalling has a role-is unclear. Here we show that activated AKT in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells phosphorylates cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, at Ser90. Phosphorylated PCK1 translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it uses GTP as a phosphate donor to phosphorylate INSIG1 at Ser207 and INSIG2 at Ser151. This phosphorylation reduces the binding of sterols to INSIG1 and INSIG2 and disrupts the interaction between INSIG proteins and SCAP, leading to the translocation of the SCAP-SREBP complex to the Golgi apparatus, the activation of SREBP proteins (SREBP1 or SREBP2) and the transcription of downstream lipogenesis-related genes, proliferation of tumour cells, and tumorigenesis in mice. In addition, phosphorylation of PCK1 at Ser90, INSIG1 at Ser207 and INSIG2 at Ser151 is not only positively correlated with the nuclear accumulation of SREBP1 in samples from patients with HCC, but also associated with poor HCC prognosis. Our findings highlight the importance of the protein kinase activity of PCK1 in the activation of SREBPs, lipogenesis and the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zheng Wang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Shao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinjian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Linyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guishuai Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Shiun Leu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, and Office of the President, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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208
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Liu E, Zhang ZZ, Cheng X, Liu X, Cheng L. SCNrank: spectral clustering for network-based ranking to reveal potential drug targets and its application in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:50. [PMID: 32241274 PMCID: PMC7119297 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy. Due to its wide heterogeneity, PDAC acts aggressively and responds poorly to most chemotherapies, causing an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Cell lines have been used as the foundation for drug development and disease modeling. CRISPR-Cas9 plays a key role in every step-in drug discovery: from target identification and validation to preclinical cancer cell testing. Using cell-line models and CRISPR-Cas9 technology together make drug target prediction feasible. However, there is still a large gap between predicted results and actionable targets in real tumors. Biological network models provide great modus to mimic genetic interactions in real biological systems, which can benefit gene perturbation studies and potential target identification for treating PDAC. Nevertheless, building a network model that takes cell-line data and CRISPR-Cas9 data as input to accurately predict potential targets that will respond well on real tissue remains unsolved. Methods We developed a novel algorithm ‘Spectral Clustering for Network-based target Ranking’ (SCNrank) that systematically integrates three types of data: expression profiles from tumor tissue, normal tissue and cell-line PDAC; protein-protein interaction network (PPI); and CRISPR-Cas9 data to prioritize potential drug targets for PDAC. The whole algorithm can be classified into three steps: 1. using STRING PPI network skeleton, SCNrank constructs tissue-specific networks with PDAC tumor and normal pancreas tissues from expression profiles; 2. With the same network skeleton, SCNrank constructs cell-line-specific networks using the cell-line PDAC expression profiles and CRISPR-Cas 9 data from pancreatic cancer cell-lines; 3. SCNrank applies a novel spectral clustering approach to reduce data dimension and generate gene clusters that carry common features from both networks. Finally, SCNrank applies a scoring scheme called ‘Target Influence score’ (TI), which estimates a given target’s influence towards the cluster it belongs to, for scoring and ranking each drug target. Results We applied SCNrank to analyze 263 expression profiles, CRPSPR-Cas9 data from 22 different pancreatic cancer cell-lines and the STRING protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. With SCNrank, we successfully constructed an integrated tissue PDAC network and an integrated cell-line PDAC network, both of which contain 4414 selected genes that are overexpressed in tumor tissue samples. After clustering, 4414 genes are distributed into 198 clusters, which include 367 targets of FDA approved drugs. These drug targets are all scored and ranked by their TI scores, which we defined to measure their influence towards the network. We validated top-ranked targets in three aspects: Firstly, mapping them onto the existing clinical drug targets of PDAC to measure the concordance. Secondly, we performed enrichment analysis to these drug targets and the clusters there are within, to reveal functional associations between clusters and PDAC; Thirdly, we performed survival analysis for the top-ranked targets to connect targets with clinical outcomes. Survival analysis reveals that overexpression of three top-ranked genes, PGK1, HMMR and POLE2, significantly increases the risk of death in PDAC patients. Conclusion SCNrank is an unbiased algorithm that systematically integrates multiple types of omics data to do potential drug target selection and ranking. SCNrank shows great capability in predicting drug targets for PDAC. Pancreatic cancer-associated gene candidates predicted by our SCNrank approach have the potential to guide genetics-based anti-pancreatic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Liu
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhuang Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical informatics, College of medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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209
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da Fonseca GWP, Farkas J, Dora E, von Haehling S, Lainscak M. Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072321. [PMID: 32230855 PMCID: PMC7177950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer-dependent on the underlying type of cancer-and is associated with physical function impairment, reduced response to cancer-related therapy, and higher mortality. Organs, like muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, play an important role in the progression of cancer cachexia by exacerbating the pro- and anti-inflammatory response initially activated by the tumor and the immune system of the host. Moreover, this metabolic dysfunction is produced by alterations in glucose, lipids, and protein metabolism that, when maintained chronically, may lead to the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Although a couple of drugs have yielded positive results in increasing lean body mass with limited impact on physical function, a single therapy has not lead to effective treatment of this condition. Therefore, a multimodal intervention, including pharmacological agents, nutritional support, and physical exercise, may be a reasonable approach for future studies to better understand and prevent the wasting of body compartments in patients with cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo SP 05403-900, Brazil or
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), DE-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jerneja Farkas
- Research Unit, General Hospital Murska Sobota, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia;
- National Institute of Public Health, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Dora
- Division of Cardiology, General Hospital Murska Sobota, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia;
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), DE-37075 Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Goettingen, DE-37099 Goettingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.v.H.); (M.L.); Tel.: +49-551-3920-911 (S.v.H.); +386-251-23-733 (M.L.); Fax: +49-551-3920-918 (S.v.H.); Fax: +386-252-11-007 (M.L.)
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Cardiology, General Hospital Murska Sobota, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: (S.v.H.); (M.L.); Tel.: +49-551-3920-911 (S.v.H.); +386-251-23-733 (M.L.); Fax: +49-551-3920-918 (S.v.H.); Fax: +386-252-11-007 (M.L.)
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210
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Jin C, Zhu X, Wu H, Wang Y, Hu X. Perturbation of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) only marginally affects glycolysis in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6425-6446. [PMID: 32217690 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) plays important roles in glycolysis, yet its forward reaction kinetics are unknown, and its role especially in regulating cancer cell glycolysis is unclear. Here, we developed an enzyme assay to measure the kinetic parameters of the PGK1-catalyzed forward reaction. The Km values for 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-BPG, the forward reaction substrate) were 4.36 μm (yeast PGK1) and 6.86 μm (human PKG1). The Km values for 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG, the reverse reaction substrate and a serine precursor) were 146 μm (yeast PGK1) and 186 μm (human PGK1). The V max of the forward reaction was about 3.5- and 5.8-fold higher than that of the reverse reaction for the human and yeast enzymes, respectively. Consistently, the intracellular steady-state concentrations of 3-PG were between 180 and 550 μm in cancer cells, providing a basis for glycolysis to shuttle 3-PG to the serine synthesis pathway. Using siRNA-mediated PGK1-specific knockdown in five cancer cell lines derived from different tissues, along with titration of PGK1 in a cell-free glycolysis system, we found that the perturbation of PGK1 had no effect or only marginal effects on the glucose consumption and lactate generation. The PGK1 knockdown increased the concentrations of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and 1,3-BPG in nearly equal proportions, controlled by the kinetic and thermodynamic states of glycolysis. We conclude that perturbation of PGK1 in cancer cells insignificantly affects the conversion of glucose to lactate in glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmeng Jin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
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211
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Qin C, Yang G, Yang J, Ren B, Wang H, Chen G, Zhao F, You L, Wang W, Zhao Y. Metabolism of pancreatic cancer: paving the way to better anticancer strategies. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:50. [PMID: 32122374 PMCID: PMC7053123 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently one of the most lethal diseases. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that reprogrammed metabolism may play a critical role in the carcinogenesis, progression, treatment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Affected by internal or external factors, pancreatic cancer cells adopt extensively distinct metabolic processes to meet their demand for growth. Rewired glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism and metabolic crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment contribute to unlimited pancreatic tumor progression. In addition, the metabolic reprogramming involved in pancreatic cancer resistance is also closely related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and results in a poor prognosis. Reflective of the key role of metabolism, the number of preclinical and clinical trials about metabolism-targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer is increasing. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients might be largely improved after employing therapies that regulate metabolism. Thus, investigations of metabolism not only benefit the understanding of carcinogenesis and cancer progression but also provide new insights for treatments against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China. .,Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, PR China.
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China. .,Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, PR China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China. .,Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, PR China.
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212
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Mammadzada P, Corredoira PM, André H. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a gene therapy perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:819-833. [PMID: 31893312 PMCID: PMC7058677 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has led to the identification of key molecules. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) have been associated with choroidal neovascularization and the progression of AMD into the neovascular clinical phenotype (nAMD). HIFs regulate the expression of multiple growth factors and cytokines involved in angiogenesis and inflammation, hallmarks of nAMD. This knowledge has propelled the development of a new group of therapeutic strategies focused on gene therapy. The present review provides an update on current gene therapies in ocular angiogenesis, particularly nAMD, from both basic and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Mammadzada
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo M Corredoira
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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213
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Valdés A, Zhao H, Pettersson U, Lind SB. Phosphorylation Time-Course Study of the Response during Adenovirus Type 2 Infection. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900327. [PMID: 32032466 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PTMs such as phosphorylations are usually involved in signal transduction pathways. To investigate the temporal dynamics of phosphoproteome changes upon viral infection, a model system of IMR-90 cells infected with human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) is used in a time-course quantitative analysis combining titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) particle enrichment and SILAC-MS. Quantitative data from 1552 phosphorylated sites clustered the highly altered phosphorylated sites to the signaling by rho family GTPases, the actin cytoskeleton signaling, and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathways. Their activation is especially pronounced at early time post-infection. Changes of several phosphorylated sites involved in the glycolysis pathway, related to the activation of the Warburg effect, point at virus-induced energy production. For Ad2 proteins, 32 novel phosphorylation sites are identified and as many as 52 phosphorylated sites on 17 different Ad2 proteins are quantified, most of them at late time post-infection. Kinase predictions highlighted activation of PKA, CDK1/2, MAPK, and CKII. Overlaps of kinase motif sequences for viral and human proteins are observed, stressing the importance of phosphorylation during Ad2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Section of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hongxing Zhao
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Pettersson
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Bergström Lind
- Section of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden
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214
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Li W, Xu M, Li Y, Huang Z, Zhou J, Zhao Q, Le K, Dong F, Wan C, Yi P. Comprehensive analysis of the association between tumor glycolysis and immune/inflammation function in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:92. [PMID: 32070368 PMCID: PMC7029444 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion and tumor-promoting inflammation are three hallmarks of cancer that provide new perspectives for understanding the biology of cancer. We aimed to figure out the relationship of tumor glycolysis and immune/inflammation function in the context of breast cancer, which is significant for deeper understanding of the biology, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods Using mRNA transcriptome data, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) maps based on digitized H&E-stained images and clinical information of breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas projects (TCGA), we explored the expression and prognostic implications of glycolysis-related genes, as well as the enrichment scores and dual role of different immune/inflammation cells in the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between glycolysis activity and immune/inflammation function was studied by using the differential genes expression analysis, gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) and correlation analysis. Results Most glycolysis-related genes had higher expression in breast cancer compared to normal tissue. Higher phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) expression was associated with poor prognosis. High glycolysis group had upregulated immune/inflammation-related genes expression, upregulated immune/inflammation pathways especially IL-17 signaling pathway, higher enrichment of multiple immune/inflammation cells such as Th2 cells and macrophages. However, high glycolysis group was associated with lower infiltration of tumor-killing immune cells such as NKT cells and higher immune checkpoints expression such as PD-L1, CTLA4, FOXP3 and IDO1. Conclusions In conclusion, the enhanced glycolysis activity of breast cancer was associated with pro-tumor immunity. The interaction between tumor glycolysis and immune/inflammation function may be mediated through IL-17 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kehao Le
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pengfei Yi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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215
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Li X, Qian X, Wang B, Xia Y, Zheng Y, Du L, Xu D, Xing D, DePinho RA, Lu Z. Programmable base editing of mutated TERT promoter inhibits brain tumour growth. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:282-288. [PMID: 32066906 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR interference and programmable base editing have transformed the manipulation of eukaryotic genomes for potential therapeutic applications1-4. Here, we exploited CRISPR interference and programmable base editing to determine their potential in editing a TERT gene promoter-activating mutation, which occurs in many diverse cancer types, particularly glioblastoma5-8. Correction of the -124C>T TERT promoter mutation to -124C was achieved using a single guide RNA (sgRNA)-guided and catalytically impaired Campylobacter jejuni CRISPR-associated protein 9-fused adenine base editor (CjABE). This modification blocked the binding of members of the E26 transcription factor family to the TERT promoter, reduced TERT transcription and TERT protein expression, and induced cancer-cell senescence and proliferative arrest. Local injection of adeno-associated viruses expressing sgRNA-guided CjABE inhibited the growth of gliomas harbouring TERT-promoter mutations. These preclinical proof-of-concept studies establish the feasibility of gene editing as a therapeutic approach for cancer and validate activated TERT-promoter mutations as a cancer-specific therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linyong Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dongming Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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216
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Wang C, Zhang S, Liu J, Tian Y, Ma B, Xu S, Fu Y, Luo Y. Secreted Pyruvate Kinase M2 Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis through Activating the Integrin Beta1/FAK Signaling Pathway. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1780-1797.e6. [PMID: 32049010 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell-derived secretomes have been documented to play critical roles in cancer progression. Intriguingly, alternative extracellular roles of intracellular proteins are involved in various steps of tumor progression, which can offer strategies to fight cancer. Herein, we identify lung cancer progression-associated secretome signatures using mass spectrometry analysis. Among them, PKM2 is verified to be highly expressed and secreted in lung cancer cells and clinical samples. Functional analyses demonstrates that secreted PKM2 facilitates tumor metastasis. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis and functional validation identify integrin β1 as a receptor of secreted PKM2. Mechanistically, secreted PKM2 directly bound to integrin β1 and subsequently activated the FAK/SRC/ERK axis to promote tumor metastasis. Collectively, our findings suggest that PKM2 is a potential serum biomarker for diagnosing lung cancer and that targeting the secreted PKM2-integrin β1 axis can inhibit lung cancer development, which provides evidence of a potential therapeutic strategy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaosen Zhang
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siran Xu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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217
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Lee Isla Crake R, Phillips E, Kleffmann T, Currie MJ. Co-culture With Human Breast Adipocytes Differentially Regulates Protein Abundance in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 16:319-332. [PMID: 31467226 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Recent research highlights the role of cancer-associated adipocytes (CAA) in promoting breast cancer cell migration, invasion and resistance to therapy. This study aimed at identifying cellular proteins differentially regulated in breast cancer cells co-cultured with CAA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipocytes isolated from human breast adipose tissue were co-cultured with hormone receptor-positive (MCF-7) or -negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells using a transwell co-culture system. Proteomes of co-cultured and control breast cancer cells were compared quantitatively using iTRAQ labelling and tandem mass spectrometry, and the results were validated by western blotting. RESULTS A total of 1,126 and 1,218 proteins were identified in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Among these, 85 (MCF-7) and 63 (MDA-MB-231) had an average fold change >1.5 following co-culture. Pathway analysis revealed that CAA-induced enrichment of proteins involved in metabolism, the ubiquitin proteasome, and purine synthesis. CONCLUSION This study provides a proteomic platform for investigating the paracrine role of CAA in promoting breast cancer cell metastasis and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Lee Isla Crake
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Protein Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Margaret Jane Currie
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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218
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Archid R, Zieker D, Weinreich FJ, Hönes F, Königsrainer A, Quintanilla-Martínez L, Reymond MA, Solass W. shRNA-mediated inhibition of PhosphoGlycerate Kinase 1 (PGK1) enhances cytotoxicity of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in peritoneal metastasis of gastric origin. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:613-619. [PMID: 31980221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) plays metabolic, kinase and translational roles in Peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastric origin and is associated with chemoresistance. Silencing PGK1 might potentiate the effect of chemotherapy. METHODS In an orthoptic xenograft nude mice model, human gastric cancer cells (MKN45) were grown in 22 donor animals. Solid tumors were then grafted into the gastric subserosa of 102 recipient animals and allowed to grow for 10 days. Animals were randomized into 7 groups: Five test groups: 1) Mitomycin C (MMC), 2) MMC and small hairpin RNA silencing of PGK1 with an adenoviral vector (Adv-shPGK1), 3) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 4) 5-FU and Adv-shPGK1, 5) Adv-shPGK1 alone; two control groups: 1) Sham (NaCl 0.9%), 2) empty viral vector. Intraperitoneal therapy was administered on postoperative day (POD) 11 and 18. Animals were sacrificed at POD 21, analysis was blinded to therapy. RESULTS Adding Adv-shPGK1 to 5-FU reduced the number (0.23 ± 0.43 vs. 1.36 ± 1.00, p = 0.005) and weight (0,005 ± 0.012 mg vs. 0.05 ± 0.08 mg, p = 0.002) of PM as compared to 5-FU alone. The effect of adding Adv-shPGK1 to MMC did not reach statistical significance. Mortality was not increased by adding Adv-shPGK1 to chemotherapy but was increased by Adv-shPGK1 alone as compared to sham. CONCLUSION In this experimental model, combined therapy with chemotherapy and Adv-shPGK1 improves control of PM of gastric origin as compared to chemotherapy alone and might counteract chemoresistance of PM. A systemic toxicity of Adv-shPGK1 cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Archid
- Dept. of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tübingen, Germany; National Center for Pleura and Peritoneum (NCPP), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Derek Zieker
- Dept. of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank-Jürgen Weinreich
- Dept. of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tübingen, Germany; National Center for Pleura and Peritoneum (NCPP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Hönes
- Dept. of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Marc A Reymond
- Dept. of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tübingen, Germany; National Center for Pleura and Peritoneum (NCPP), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Solass
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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219
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Nie H, Ju H, Fan J, Shi X, Cheng Y, Cang X, Zheng Z, Duan X, Yi W. O-GlcNAcylation of PGK1 coordinates glycolysis and TCA cycle to promote tumor growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 31911580 PMCID: PMC6946671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancer cells display enhanced glycolysis and suppressed mitochondrial metabolism. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, is critical for tumor development. However, how cancer cells coordinate glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is largely unknown. We demonstrate here that phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), the first ATP-producing enzyme in glycolysis, is reversibly and dynamically modified with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) at threonine 255 (T255). O-GlcNAcylation activates PGK1 activity to enhance lactate production, and simultaneously induces PGK1 translocation into mitochondria. Inside mitochondria, PGK1 acts as a kinase to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex to reduce oxidative phosphorylation. Blocking T255 O-GlcNAcylation of PGK1 decreases colon cancer cell proliferation, suppresses glycolysis, enhances the TCA cycle, and inhibits tumor growth in xenograft models. Furthermore, PGK1 O-GlcNAcylation levels are elevated in human colon cancers. This study highlights O-GlcNAcylation as an important signal for coordinating glycolysis and the TCA cycle to promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Nie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixing Ju
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaxian Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Cang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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220
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Vega-Rubín-de-Celis S. The Role of Beclin 1-Dependent Autophagy in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2019; 9:biology9010004. [PMID: 31877888 PMCID: PMC7168252 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy (self-eating) is an intracellular degradation process used by cells to keep a “clean house”; as it degrades abnormal or damaged proteins and organelles, it helps to fight infections and also provides energy in times of fasting or exercising. Autophagy also plays a role in cancer, although its precise function in each cancer type is still obscure, and whether autophagy plays a protecting (through the clearing of damaged organelles and protein aggregates and preventing DNA damage) or a promoting (by fueling the already stablished tumor) role in cancer remains to be fully characterized. Beclin 1, the mammalian ortholog of yeast Atg6/Vps30, is an essential autophagy protein and has been shown to play a role in tumor suppression. Here, an update of the tumorigenesis regulation by Beclin 1-dependent autophagy is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vega-Rubín-de-Celis
- Institute for Cell Biology (Tumorforschung), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-0201-723-3941
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) at Essen-Düsseldorf, 445122 Essen, Germany
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221
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Abramczyk H, Imiela A, Brożek-Płuska B, Kopeć M, Surmacki J, Śliwińska A. Aberrant Protein Phosphorylation in Cancer by Using Raman Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2017. [PMID: 31847192 PMCID: PMC6966530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Novel methods are required for analysing post-translational modifications of protein phosphorylation by visualizing biochemical landscapes of proteins in human normal and cancerous tissues and cells. (2) Methods: A label-free Raman method is presented for detecting spectral changes that arise in proteins due to phosphorylation in the tissue of human breasts, small intestines, and brain tumours, as well as in the normal human astrocytes and primary glioblastoma U-87 MG cell lines. Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging are effective tools for monitoring and analysing the vibrations of functional groups involved in aberrant phosphorylation in cancer without any phosphorecognition of tag molecules. (3) Results: Our results based on 35 fresh human cancer and normal tissues prove that the aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation monitored by the unique spectral signatures of Raman vibrations is a universal characteristic in the metabolic regulation in different types of cancers. Overexpressed tyrosine phosphorylation in the human breast, small intestine and brain tissues and in the human primary glioblastoma U-87 MG cell line was monitored by using Raman biomarkers. (4) We showed that the bands at 1586 cm-1 and 829 cm-1, corresponding to phosphorylated tyrosine, play a pivotal role as a Raman biomarker of the phosphorylation status in aggressive cancers. We found that the best Raman biomarker of phosphorylation is the 1586/829 ratio showing the statistical significance at p Values of ≤ 0.05. (5) Conclusions: Raman spectroscopy and imaging have the potential to be used as screening functional assays to detect phosphorylated target proteins and will help researchers to understand the role of phosphorylation in cellular processes and cancer progression. The abnormal and excessive high level of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer samples compared with normal samples was found in the cancerous human tissue of breasts, small intestines and brain tumours, as well as in the mitochondria and lipid droplets of the glioblastoma U-87 MG cell line. Detailed insights are presented into the intracellular oncogenic metabolic pathways mediated by phosphorylated tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Abramczyk
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (A.I.); (B.B.-P.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Imiela
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (A.I.); (B.B.-P.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Beata Brożek-Płuska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (A.I.); (B.B.-P.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Monika Kopeć
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (A.I.); (B.B.-P.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakub Surmacki
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (A.I.); (B.B.-P.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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222
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Jiang Y, He R, Jiang Y, Liu D, Tao L, Yang M, Lin C, Shen Y, Fu X, Yang J, Li J, Huo Y, Hua R, Liu W, Zhang J, Shen B, Zhang Z, Sun Y. Transcription factor NFAT5 contributes to the glycolytic phenotype rewiring and pancreatic cancer progression via transcription of PGK1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 31827081 PMCID: PMC6906509 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and the hypovascular tumor microenvironment are major hallmarks of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), in which glycolysis is of great importance to tumor survival and proliferation. There is little research regarding the role of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 5 (NFAT5) in relation to carcinoma. Here, we explored the impact of NFAT5 on the biological behavior of PDAC and the underlying mechanism. We demonstrated that NFAT5 was highly expressed in PDAC and was related to poorer prognosis. Knockdown of NFAT5 lead to impaired proliferation of tumor cells caused by an aberrant Warburg effect. Mechanically, phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1), which is the first enzyme generating ATP in glycolysis, was verified as a target gene of NFAT5. Over-expression of PGK1 compromised the aberrant oncological behavior caused by knockdown of NFAT5 both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical samples underwent positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination and KrasG12D/+/Trp53R172H/+/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice were collected to support our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhe He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lingye Tao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Minwei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyi Lin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Fu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanmiao Huo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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223
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ATP citrate lyase: A central metabolic enzyme in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 471:125-134. [PMID: 31830561 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ACLY links energy metabolism provided by catabolic pathways to biosynthesis. ACLY, which has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers, converts citrate into acetyl-CoA and OAA. The first of these molecules supports protein acetylation, in particular that of histone, and de novo lipid synthesis, and the last one sustains the production of aspartate (required for nucleotide and polyamine synthesis) and the regeneration of NADPH,H+(consumed in redox reaction and biosynthesis). ACLY transcription is promoted by SREBP1, its activity is stabilized by acetylation and promoted by AKT phosphorylation (stimulated by growth factors and glucose abundance). ACLY plays a pivotal role in cancer metabolism through the potential deprivation of cytosolic citrate, a process promoting glycolysis through the enhancement of the activities of PFK 1 and 2 with concomitant activation of oncogenic drivers such as PI3K/AKT which activate ACLY and the Warburg effect in a feed-back loop. Pending the development of specific inhibitors and tailored methods for identifying which specific metabolism is involved in the development of each tumor, ACLY could be targeted by inhibitors such as hydroxycitrate and bempedoic acid. The administration of citrate at high level mimics a strong inhibition of ACLY and could be tested to strengthen the effects of current therapies.
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224
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Li Q, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhang J. Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 predicts worse prognosis and promotes glycolysis in cervical cancer. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6938-6951. [PMID: 31814898 PMCID: PMC6895525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
P4HA2 is one of collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) isoform and increased in several types of human cancer. However, the role of P4HA2 during cervical tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the protein level of P4HA2 is significantly increased in cervical cancer tissues. Silencing of P4HA2 inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. We also demonstrate decreased glucose uptake and lactate production in P4HA2 knockdown cells. Mechanistically, P4HA2 promotes cervical cancer cell glycolysis through upregulation of PGK1 and LDHA. We find a positive correlation between P4HA2 and PGK1/LDHA expression in cervical cancer tissues. Importantly, high expression of P4HA2, PGK1 or LDHA has a significantly shorter overall survival period and the survival prediction is enhanced by using combination of P4HA2 and PGK1/LDHA expression. Collectively, we identify P4HA2 as a regulator of glycolysis through PGK1 and LDHA, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Qingying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Qinyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
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225
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Li H, Yang F, Hu A, Wang X, Fang E, Chen Y, Li D, Song H, Wang J, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li H, Huang K, Zheng L, Tong Q. Therapeutic targeting of circ-CUX1/EWSR1/MAZ axis inhibits glycolysis and neuroblastoma progression. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10835. [PMID: 31709724 PMCID: PMC6895612 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in tumor progression. However, the mechanisms regulating glycolytic gene expression remain elusive in neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial malignancy in childhood. Herein, we identify that CUT‐like homeobox 1 (CUX1) and CUX1‐generated circular RNA (circ‐CUX1) contribute to aerobic glycolysis and NB progression. Mechanistically, p110 CUX1, a transcription factor generated by proteolytic processing of p200 CUX1, promotes the expression of enolase 1, glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase, and phosphoglycerate kinase 1, while circ‐CUX1 binds to EWS RNA‐binding protein 1 (EWSR1) to facilitate its interaction with MYC‐associated zinc finger protein (MAZ), resulting in transactivation of MAZ and transcriptional alteration of CUX1 and other genes associated with tumor progression. Administration of an inhibitory peptide blocking circ‐CUX1‐EWSR1 interaction or lentivirus mediating circ‐CUX1 knockdown suppresses aerobic glycolysis, growth, and aggressiveness of NB cells. In clinical NB cases, CUX1 is an independent prognostic factor for unfavorable outcome, and patients with high circ‐CUX1 expression have lower survival probability. These results indicate circ‐CUX1/EWSR1/MAZ axis as a therapeutic target for aerobic glycolysis and NB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Anpei Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Erhu Fang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huajie Song
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianqun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanhua Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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226
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He Y, Luo Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Zhang P, Li H, Ejaz S, Liang S. PGK1-mediated cancer progression and drug resistance. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2280-2302. [PMID: 31815035 PMCID: PMC6895440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is an essential enzyme in the aerobic glycolysis pathway. PGK1 catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP and produces 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP. In addition to cell metabolism regulation, PGK1 is involved in multiple biological activities, including angiogenesis, autophagy and DNA repair. Because of its multi-faceted functions, PGK1's involvement in cancer development is complicated. High intracellular expression of PGK1 leads to tumor cell proliferation. However, high extracellular expression of PGK1 suppresses cancer malignancy through a suppression of angiogenesis. PGK1 is also associated with chemoradiotherapy resistance and poor prognosis of cancer patients. In this manuscript, we summarize the influence of PGK1 and its post-translational modifications on cancer initiation and progression. PGK1-mediated drug resistance and potential small molecule inhibitors targeting PGK1 are discussed for their future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Haocheng Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, P. R. China
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227
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Nakatsu Y, Yamamotoya T, Ueda K, Ono H, Inoue MK, Matsunaga Y, Kushiyama A, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Matsubara A, Asano T. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 470:106-114. [PMID: 31678165 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is one member of a group consisting of three prolyl isomerases. Pin1 interacts with the motif containing phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro of substrates and enhances cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds, thereby controlling the functions of these substrates. Importantly, the Pin1 expression level is highly upregulated in most cancer cells and correlates with malignant properties, and thereby with poor outcomes. In addition, Pin1 was revealed to promote the functions of multiple oncogenes and to abrogate tumor suppressors. Accordingly, Pin1 is well recognized as a master regulator of malignant processes. Recent studies have shown that Pin1 also binds to a variety of metabolic regulators, such as AMP-activated protein kinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase and pyruvate kinase2, indicating Pin1 to have major impacts on lipid and glucose metabolism in cancer cells. In this review, we focus on the roles of Pin1 in metabolic reprogramming, such as "Warburg effects", of cancer cells. Our aim is to introduce these important roles of Pin1, as well as to present evidence supporting the possibility of Pin1 inhibition as a novel anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masa-Ki Inoue
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose City, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- The Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
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228
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Wei Y, Li Q, Wang Q. ACTL6A regulates follicle-stimulating hormone-driven glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells via PGK1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:811. [PMID: 31649264 PMCID: PMC6813335 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced glycolysis has been identified as a hallmark of cancer. As a novel oncogene, ACTL6A is aberrantly amplified in several types of human cancers and has been shown to regulate tumor growth and progression. However, the roles of ACTL6A in the development of ovarian cancer and the regulation of cancer glucose metabolism are mostly unknown. Here we show that ACTL6A is overexpressed in ovarian cancers compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and that ACTL6A overexpression correlates with poor prognosis. Silencing of ACTL6A in vitro inhibits proliferation, clonal growth, and migration, and decreases glucose utilization, lactate production, and pyruvate levels of ovarian cancer cells. We found a positive correlation between ACTL6A and PGK1 expression in ovarian cancer tissues. Enforced ACTL6A expression increased PGK1 expression, whereas knockdown of ACTL6A had the opposite effect. Altered ACTL6A expression inhibits the tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells in vivo by downregulating PGK1. In addition, the expression of ACTL6A is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation via PI3K/AKT pathway. Importantly, ACTL6A regulates FSH-enhanced glycolysis in ovarian cancer. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of ACTL6A in ovarian cancer development and identify its contribution to glucose metabolism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingze Wei
- Department of Pathology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingxian Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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KDM3A Senses Oxygen Availability to Regulate PGC-1α-Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Mol Cell 2019; 76:885-895.e7. [PMID: 31629659 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, which occurs during tumor growth, triggers complex adaptive responses in which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) plays a critical role in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. However, how PGC-1α is regulated in response to oxygen availability remains unclear. We demonstrated that lysine demethylase 3A (KDM3A) binds to PGC-1α and demethylates monomethylated lysine (K) 224 of PGC-1α under normoxic conditions. Hypoxic stimulation inhibits KDM3A, which has a high KM of oxygen for its activity, and enhances PGC-1α K224 monomethylation. This modification decreases PGC-1α's activity required for NRF1- and NRF2-dependent transcriptional regulation of TFAM, TFB1M, and TFB2M, resulting in reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. Expression of PGC-1α K224R mutant significantly increases mitochondrial biogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumor cell apoptosis under hypoxia and inhibits brain tumor growth in mice. This study revealed that PGC-1α monomethylation, which is dependent on oxygen availability-regulated KDM3A, plays a critical role in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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230
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Bianchi M, D'Oria V, Braghini MR, Petrini S, Manco M. Liraglutide Treatment Ameliorates Neurotoxicity Induced by Stable Silencing of Pin1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205064. [PMID: 31614723 PMCID: PMC6829573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modulation of peptidylprolyl isomerase Pin1 might link impaired glucose metabolism and neurodegeneration, being Pin1 effectors target for the glucagon-Like-Peptide1 analog liraglutide. We tested the hypotheses in Pin1 silenced cells (SH-SY5Y) treated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) and methylglyoxal (MG), stressors causing altered glucose trafficking, glucotoxicity and protein glycation. Rescue by liraglutide was investigated. Pin1 silencing caused increased levels of reactive oxygen species, upregulated energy metabolism as suggested by raised levels of total ATP content and mRNA of SIRT1, PGC1α, NRF1; enhanced mitochondrial fission events as supported by raised protein expression of FIS1 and DRP1. 2DG and MG reduced significantly cell viability in all the cell lines. In Pin1 KD clones, 2DG exacerbated altered mitochondrial dynamics causing higher rate of fission events. Liraglutide influenced insulin signaling pathway (GSK3b/Akt); improved cell viability also in cells treated with 2DG; but it did not revert mitochondrial dysfunction in Pin1 KD model. In cells treated with MG, liraglutide enhanced cell viability, reduced ROS levels and cell death (AnnexinV/PI); and trended to reduce anti-apoptotic signals (BAX, BCL2, CASP3). Pin1 silencing mimics neuronal metabolic impairment of patients with impaired glucose metabolism and neurodegeneration. Liraglutide rescues to some extent cellular dysfunctions induced by Pin1 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Bianchi
- Research Area for Multi-factorial Diseases, Obesity and Diabetes, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Braghini
- Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multi-factorial Diseases, Obesity and Diabetes, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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231
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Shao F, Yang X, Wang W, Wang J, Guo W, Feng X, Shi S, Xue Q, Gao S, Gao Y, Lu Z, He J. Associations of PGK1 promoter hypomethylation and PGK1-mediated PDHK1 phosphorylation with cancer stage and prognosis: a TCGA pan-cancer analysis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:54. [PMID: 31578148 PMCID: PMC6775656 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells reprogram metabolism for proliferation. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), as a glycolytic enzyme and newly identified protein kinase, coordinates glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism. However, the clinical significance of PGK1 expression and function in cancer progression is unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between the progression and prognosis of multiple cancer types and PGK1 expression and its function in the mitochondrial metabolism regulation. Methods We performed pan-cancer analyses of PGK1 mRNA level and DNA methylation in 11,908 tumor tissues and 1582 paired normal tissues across 34 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. Using specific antibodies against PGK1 S203 and PDHK1 T338 phosphorylation, we performed immunohistochemistry with tissue microarray assay in additional 818 cancer cases with 619 paired normal tissues from five cancer types. Results The PGK1 mRNA level was significantly elevated with hypomethylation in promotor regions and associated with advanced TNM stage in 15 and four cancer types, respectively. In breast carcinoma, elevated PGK1 mRNA level and promoter hypomethylation were associated with poor prognosis. Positively correlated PGK1 S203 and PDHK1 T338 phosphorylation levels were significantly associated with short overall survival (OS) in cancers of the breast, liver, lung, stomach, and esophagus and with advanced TNM stage in breast and esophageal cancers. PGK1 pS203 and PDHK1 pT338 were also independent predictors of short OS in liver, lung, and stomach cancer. Conclusions The elevated expression, promoter hypomethylation, and phosphorylation of PGK1 and PDHK1 were related with disease progression and short OS in diverse types of cancer. PGK1 and PDHK1 phosphorylation may be potential prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Juhong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Susheng Shi
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.
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232
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Zhao L, Cheng Y, Li B, Gu X, Zhang X, Boateng NAS, Zhang H. Integration of proteome and transcriptome data reveals the mechanism involved in controlling of Fusarium graminearum by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5760-5770. [PMID: 31162844 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that antagonistic microorganisms could effectively control the infection of Fusarium graminearum. However, there is limited information on the control of F. graminearum by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while the possible control mechanisms involved through proteomic and transcriptomic techniques have also not been reported. RESULTS The results of this study showed that S. cerevisiae Y-912 could significantly inhibit the growth of F. graminearum Fg1, and the spore germination rate and germ tube length of F. graminearum Fg1 were also significantly inhibited by S. cerevisiae Y-912. Proteomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins which were made of some basic proteins and enzymes related to basal metabolism, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM), enolase (ENO), fructose diphosphate aldolase (FBA) and so on, were all down-regulated. The transcriptomics of F. graminearum control by S. cerevisiae was also analyzed. CONCLUSION The control mechanism of S. cerevisiae Y-912 on F. graminearum Fg1 was a very complex material and energy metabolic process in which the related proteins and genes involved in the glycolytic pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism were all down-regulated. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yangyang Cheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiangyu Gu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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233
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Wang JJ, Siu MK, Jiang YX, Leung TH, Chan DW, Cheng RR, Cheung AN, Ngan HY, Chan KK. Aberrant upregulation of PDK1 in ovarian cancer cells impairs CD8 + T cell function and survival through elevation of PD-L1. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1659092. [PMID: 31646108 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1659092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/PD-1 ligand-1(PD-L1) pathway has been exploited therapeutically in many cancer types. Upregulation of PD-L1 in tumor cells contributes to malignancy through suppression of the T cell-mediated antitumor response. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), a glycolytic gate-keeping enzyme, is also known to promote tumor development. Here, we have uncovered a mechanism of regulation of PD-L1 by PDK1 through activation of c-Jun-NH2-kinase (JNK)-c-Jun in ovarian cancer cells. Elevated PDK1 expression was correlated with that of PD-L1 in the TCGA ovarian cancer dataset and ovarian cancer tissue array. Overexpression of PDK1 in ovarian cancer cells impaired CD8+ T cell function by suppressing IFN-γ secretion through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Conversely, knockdown of PDK1 in ovarian cancer cells relieved suppression of CD8+ T cell function. CD8+ T cell apoptosis induced by binding of PD-1 with PD-L1 was increased after co-culture with ovarian cancer cells overexpressing PDK1, while depletion of PDK1 exerted the opposite effect. In vivo experiments revealed synergistic improved overall survival and enhanced inhibition of tumor growth upon co-treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor, and PD-L1 antibody, accompanied by increased IFN-γ secretion by monocytes infiltrating tumor islets. Moreover, PDK1 expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration were inversely correlated in the ovarian cancer tissue array. Our collective findings provide a novel explanation of how PDK1 contributes to upregulation of PD-L1 in ovarian cancer and highlight its potential as a target therapeutic molecule that cooperates with the immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Michelle K Siu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Thomas H Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - David W Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ran-Ran Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Annie N Cheung
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hextan Y Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Karen K Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
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234
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PTEN Suppresses Glycolysis by Dephosphorylating and Inhibiting Autophosphorylated PGK1. Mol Cell 2019; 76:516-527.e7. [PMID: 31492635 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The PTEN tumor suppressor is frequently mutated or deleted in cancer and regulates glucose metabolism through the PI3K-AKT pathway. However, whether PTEN directly regulates glycolysis in tumor cells is unclear. We demonstrate here that PTEN directly interacts with phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). PGK1 functions not only as a glycolytic enzyme but also as a protein kinase intermolecularly autophosphorylating itself at Y324 for activation. The protein phosphatase activity of PTEN dephosphorylates and inhibits autophosphorylated PGK1, thereby inhibiting glycolysis, ATP production, and brain tumor cell proliferation. In addition, knockin expression of a PGK1 Y324F mutant inhibits brain tumor formation. Analyses of human glioblastoma specimens reveals that PGK1 Y324 phosphorylation levels inversely correlate with PTEN expression status and are positively associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. This work highlights the instrumental role of PGK1 autophosphorylation in its activation and PTEN protein phosphatase activity in governing glycolysis and tumorigenesis.
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235
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Schelletter L, Albaum S, Walter S, Noll T, Hoffrogge R. Clonal variations in CHO IGF signaling investigated by SILAC-based phosphoproteomics and LFQ-MS. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8127-8143. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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236
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Mazucanti CH, Kawamoto EM, Mattson MP, Scavone C, Camandola S. Activity-dependent neuronal Klotho enhances astrocytic aerobic glycolysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1544-1556. [PMID: 29493420 PMCID: PMC6681535 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18762700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the β-glucuronidase protein α-Klotho have been associated with premature aging, and altered cognitive function. Although highly expressed in specific areas of the brain, Klotho functions in the central nervous system remain unknown. Here, we show that cultured hippocampal neurons respond to insulin and glutamate stimulation by elevating Klotho protein levels. Conversely, AMPA and NMDA antagonism suppress neuronal Klotho expression. We also provide evidence that soluble Klotho enhances astrocytic aerobic glycolysis by hindering pyruvate metabolism through the mitochondria, and stimulating its processing by lactate dehydrogenase. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1, Erk phosphorylation, and monocarboxylic acid transporters prevents Klotho-induced lactate release from astrocytes. Taken together, these data suggest Klotho is a potential new player in the metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes. Neuronal glutamatergic activity and insulin modulation elicit Klotho release, which in turn stimulates astrocytic lactate formation and release. Lactate can then be used by neurons and other cells types as a metabolic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio H Mazucanti
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa M Kawamoto
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark P Mattson
- 2 Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.,3 Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- 2 Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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237
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Yang H, Geng Y, Wang P, Zhou Y, Yang H, Huo Y, Zhang H, Li Y, He H, Tian X, Fang W. Extracellular ATP promotes breast cancer invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via hypoxia-inducible factor 2α signaling. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2456-2470. [PMID: 31148343 PMCID: PMC6676128 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP has been shown to play an important role in invasion and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in breast cancer; however, the mechanism is unclear. Here, by using a cDNA microarray, we demonstrated that extracellular ATP could stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling and upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1/2α (HIF-1/2α) expression. After knocking down HIF-1/2α using siRNA, we found that ATP-driven invasion and EMT were significantly attenuated via HIF2A-siRNA in breast cancer cells. By using ChIP assays, we revealed that the biological function of extracellular ATP in invasion and EMT process depended on HIF-2α direct targets, among which lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mediated ATP-driven invasion, and E-cadherin and Snail mediated ATP-driven EMT, respectively. In addition, using silver staining and mass spectrometry, we found that phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) could interact with HIF-2α and mediate ATP-driven HIF-2α upregulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that expressions of HIF-2α and its target proteins could be regulated via ATP by AKT-PGK1 pathway. Using a Balb/c mice model, we illustrated the function of HIF-2α in promoting tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, by exploring online databases, we found that molecules involved in ATP-HIF-2α signaling were highly expressed in human breast carcinoma tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that extracellular ATP could promote breast carcinoma invasion and EMT via HIF-2α signaling, which may be a potential target for future anti-metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yue‐Hang Geng
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Ting Zhou
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Han Yang
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Fei Huo
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Quan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hui‐Ying He
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xin‐Xia Tian
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Gang Fang
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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238
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Metabolic flexibility in melanoma: A potential therapeutic target. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:187-207. [PMID: 31362075 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) represents one of the most metastasizing and drug resistant solid tumors. CM is characterized by a remarkable metabolic plasticity and an important connection between oncogenic activation and energetic metabolism. In fact, melanoma cells can use both cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during cancer progression. However, the CM energetic demand mainly depends on glycolysis, whose upregulation is strictly linked to constitutive activation of BRAF/MAPK pathway affected by BRAFV600E kinase mutant. Furthermore, the impressive metabolic plasticity of melanoma allows the development of resistance mechanisms to BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) and the adaptation to microenvironmental changes. The metabolic interaction between melanoma cells and tumor microenvironment affects the immune response and CM growth. In this review article, we describe the regulation of melanoma metabolic alterations and the metabolic interactions between cancer cells and microenvironment that influence melanoma progression and immune response. Finally, we summarize the hallmarks of melanoma therapies and we report BRAF/MEK pathway targeted therapy and mechanisms of metabolic resistance.
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239
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Belousov PV, Afanasyeva MA, Gubernatorova EO, Bogolyubova AV, Uvarova AN, Putlyaeva LV, Ramanauskaite EM, Kopylov AT, Demin DE, Tatosyan KA, Ustiugova AS, Prokofjeva MM, Lanshchakov KV, Vanushko VE, Zaretsky AR, Severskaia NV, Dvinskikh NY, Abrosimov AY, Kuprash DV, Schwartz AM. Multi-dimensional immunoproteomics coupled with in vitro recapitulation of oncogenic NRAS Q61R identifies diagnostically relevant autoantibody biomarkers in thyroid neoplasia. Cancer Lett 2019; 467:96-106. [PMID: 31326556 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific autoantibodies have been widely implicated in cancer diagnosis. However, cancer cell lines that are typically exploited as candidate TAA sources in immunoproteomic studies may fail to accurately represent the autoantigen-ome of lower-grade neoplasms. Here, we established an integrated strategy for the identification of disease-relevant TAAs in thyroid neoplasia, which combined NRASQ61R oncogene expression in non-tumorous thyroid Nthy-ori 3-1 cells with a multi-dimensional proteomic technique DISER that consisted of profiling NRASQ61R-induced proteins using 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with serological proteome analysis (SERPA) of the TAA repertoire of patients with thyroid encapsulated follicular-patterned/RAS-like phenotype (EFP/RLP) tumors. We identified several candidate cell-based (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase NAMPT, glutamate dehydrogenase GLUD1, and glutathione S-transferase omega-1 GSTO1) and autoantibody (fumarate hydratase FH, calponin-3 CNN3, and pyruvate kinase PKM autoantibodies) biomarkers, including NRASQ61R-induced TAA phosphoglycerate kinase 1 PGK1. Meta-profiling of the reactivity of the identified autoantibodies across an independent SERPA series implicated the PKM autoantibody as a histological phenotype-independent biomarker of thyroid malignancy (11/38 (29%) patients with overtly malignant and uncertain malignant potential (UMP) tumors vs 0/22 (p = 0.0046) and 0/20 (p = 0.011) patients with non-invasive EFP/RLP tumors and healthy controls, respectively). PGK1 and CNN3 autoantibodies were identified as EFP/RLP-specific biomarkers, potentially suitable for further discriminating tumors with different malignant potential (PGK1: 7/22 (32%) patients with non-invasive EFP/RLP tumors vs 0/38 (p = 0.00044) and 0/20 (p = 0.0092) patients with other tumors and healthy controls, respectively; СNN3: 9/29 (31%) patients with malignant and borderline EFP/RLP tumors vs 0/31 (p = 0.00068) and 0/20 (p = 0.0067) patients with other tumors and healthy controls, respectively). The combined use of PKM, CNN3, and PGK1 autoantibodies allowed the reclassification of malignant/UMP tumor risk in 19/41 (46%) of EFP/RLP tumor patients. Taken together, we established an experimental pipeline DISER for the concurrent identification of cell-based and TAA biomarkers. The combination of DISER with in vitro oncogene expression allows further targeted identification of oncogene-induced TAAs. Using this integrated approach, we identified candidate autoantibody biomarkers that might be of value for differential diagnostic purposes in thyroid neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Belousov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina A Afanasyeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O Gubernatorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Apollinariya V Bogolyubova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Educational Center «Sirius», Sochi, Russia
| | - Aksinya N Uvarova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia V Putlyaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Denis E Demin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina A Tatosyan
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Ustiugova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria M Prokofjeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Lanshchakov
- National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Vanushko
- National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R Zaretsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Research Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Evrogen Lab LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Severskaia
- Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Nina Y Dvinskikh
- Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Abrosimov
- National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; National University of Science & Technology «MISIS», Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kuprash
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton M Schwartz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Mao XG, Xue XY, Wang L, Wang L, Li L, Zhang X. Hypoxia Regulated Gene Network in Glioblastoma Has Special Algebraic Topology Structures and Revealed Communications Involving Warburg Effect and Immune Regulation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:1093-1114. [PMID: 31203532 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia regulated genes (HRGs) formed a complex molecular interaction network (MINW), contributing to many aspects of glioblastoma (GBM) tumor biology. However, little is known about the intrinsic structures of the HRGs-MINW, mainly due to a lack of analysis tools to decipher MINWs. By introducing general hyper-geometric distribution, we obtained a statistically reliable gene set of HRGs (SR-HRGs) from several datasets. Next, MINWs were reconstructed from several independent GBM expression datasets. Algebraic topological analysis was performed to quantitatively analyze the amount of equivalence classes of cycles in various dimensions by calculating the Betti numbers. Persistent homology analysis of a filtration of growing networks was further performed to examine robust topological structures in the network by investigating the Betti curves, life length of the cycles. Random networks with the same number of node and edge and degree distribution were produced as controls. As a result, GBM-HRGs-MINWs reconstructed from different datasets exhibited great consistent Betti curves to each other, which were significantly different from that of random networks. Furthermore, HRGs-MINWs reconstructed from normal brain expression datasets exhibited topological structures significantly different from that of GBM-HRGs-MINWs. Analysis of cycles in GBM-HRGs-MINWs revealed genes that had clinical implications, and key parts of the cycles were also identified in reconstructed protein-protein interaction networks. In addition, the cycles are composed by genes involved in the Warburg effect, immune regulation, and angiogenesis. In summary, GBM-HRGs-MINWs contained abundant molecular interacting cycles in different dimensions, which are composed by genes involved in multiple programs essential for the tumorigenesis of GBM, revealing novel interaction diagrams in GBM and providing novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Gang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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241
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PAS domain-containing phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency in Leishmania major results in increased autophagosome formation and cell death. Biochem J 2019; 476:1303-1321. [PMID: 30988012 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domains are structurally conserved and present in numerous proteins throughout all branches of the phylogenetic tree. Although PAS domain-containing proteins are major players for the adaptation to environmental stimuli in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, these types of proteins are still uncharacterized in the trypanosomatid parasites, Trypanosome and Leishmania In addition, PAS-containing phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) protein is uncharacterized in the literature. Here, we report a PAS domain-containing PGK (LmPAS-PGK) in the unicellular pathogen Leishmania The modeled structure of N-terminal of this protein exhibits four antiparallel β sheets centrally flanked by α helices, which is similar to the characteristic signature of PAS domain. Activity measurements suggest that acidic pH can directly stimulate PGK activity. Localization studies demonstrate that the protein is highly enriched in the glycosome and its presence can also be seen in the lysosome. Gene knockout, overexpression and complement studies suggest that LmPAS-PGK plays a fundamental role in cell survival through autophagy. Furthermore, the knockout cells display a marked decrease in virulence when host macrophage and BALB/c mice were infected with them. Our work begins to clarify how acidic pH-dependent ATP generation by PGK is likely to function in cellular adaptability of Leishmania.
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242
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Lucero M, Suarez AE, Chambers JW. Phosphoregulation on mitochondria: Integration of cell and organelle responses. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:837-858. [PMID: 31025544 PMCID: PMC6566066 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly integrated organelles that are crucial to cell adaptation and mitigating adverse physiology. Recent studies demonstrate that fundamental signal transduction pathways incorporate mitochondrial substrates into their biological programs. Reversible phosphorylation is emerging as a useful mechanism to modulate mitochondrial function in accordance with cellular changes. Critical serine/threonine protein kinases, such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase A (PKA), PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1), and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), readily translocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), the interface of mitochondria-cell communication. OMM protein kinases phosphorylate diverse mitochondrial substrates that have discrete effects on organelle dynamics, protein import, respiratory complex activity, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis. OMM phosphorylation events can be tempered through the actions of local protein phosphatases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), to regulate the extent and duration of signaling. The central mediators of OMM signal transduction are the scaffold proteins because the relative abundance of these accessory proteins determines the magnitude and duration of a signaling event on the mitochondrial surface, which dictates the biological outcome of a local signal transduction pathway. The concentrations of scaffold proteins, such as A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and Sab (or SH3 binding protein 5-SH3BP5), have been shown to influence neuronal survival and vulnerability, respectively, in models of Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the importance of OMM signaling to health and disease. Despite recent progress, much remains to be discovered concerning the mechanisms of OMM signaling. Nonetheless, enhancing beneficial OMM signaling events and inhibiting detrimental protein-protein interactions on the mitochondrial surface may represent highly selective approaches to restore mitochondrial health and homeostasis and mitigate organelle dysfunction in conditions such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Lucero
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana E Suarez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeremy W Chambers
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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243
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Xu L, Li Y, Zhou L, Dorfman RG, Liu L, Cai R, Jiang C, Tang D, Wang Y, Zou X, Wang L, Zhang M. SIRT3 elicited an anti-Warburg effect through HIF1α/PDK1/PDHA1 to inhibit cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2380-2391. [PMID: 30993888 PMCID: PMC6536927 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an extremely invasive malignancy with late diagnosis and unfavorable prognosis. Surgery and chemotherapy are still not effective in improving outcomes in CCA patients. It is crucial to explore a novel therapeutic target for treating CCA. An NAD‐dependent deacetylase also known as Sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3) has been shown to regulate cellular metabolism in various cancers dynamically. However, the biological function of SIRT3 in CCA remains unclear. In this study, bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes and pathways enriched. CCA samples were collected for immunohistochemical analysis. Three human CCA cell lines (HuCCT1, RBE, and HCCC9810) were used to explore the molecular mechanism of SIRT3 regulation of metabolic reprogramming and malignant behavior in CCA. A CCA xenograft model was then established for further validation in vivo. The data showed that SIRT3 expression was decreased and glycolysis was enhanced in CCA. Similar metabolic reprogramming was also observed in SIRT3 knockout mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SIRT3 could play an anti‐Warburg effect by inhibiting the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF1α)/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1)/pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHA1) pathway in CCA cells. CCA cell proliferation and apoptosis were regulated by SIRT3‐mediated metabolic reprogramming. These findings were further confirmed in CCA clinical samples and the xenograft model. Collectively, this study suggests that in the inhibition of CCA progression, SIRT3 acts through an anti‐Warburg effect on the downstream pathway HIF1α/PDK1/PDHA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenfei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dehua Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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244
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Liu H, Chen H, Wu X, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Chen G, Liu X, Xing X, Zhao B, Liu J. The serum proteomics tracking of hepatocellular carcinoma early recurrence following radical resection. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2935-2946. [PMID: 31114342 PMCID: PMC6497822 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s190561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: There is still lacking of highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) early recurrence, which has hindered further improvement of the clinical outcomes. We aim to find highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for the prediction of HCC recurrence. Patients and methods: By using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) technique, we have quantitatively investigated and monitored the proteome alterations of a series of serum after radical resection during the follow-up of 4 HCC patients. Results: A total of 27 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in serum were identified to be closely associated with the early recurrence of HCC, and these DAPs were particularly concentrated within ERK1/2 and nuclear factor-κ beta signaling pathways, suggesting the dysregulation of these two pathways played an important role in the pathological process of HCC early recurrence. Further investigation of a cohort of patients confirmed that the high serum level of PGK1 was closely associated with HCC early recurrence and poor prognosis. In addition, the serum level of PGK1 could be complementary with AFP to further improve the sensitivity and specificity for predicting the relapse of HCC. Conclusion: PGK1 might be an independent factor for the recurrence of HCC. And the PGK1 could be complementary with AFP to further improve the sensitivity and specificity in prognostic prediction of HCC relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomo Wu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland.,Dermatology Institute of Fuzhou, Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Chen
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Xing
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
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Xu D, Li X, Shao F, Lv G, Lv H, Lee JH, Qian X, Wang Z, Xia Y, Du L, Zheng Y, Wang H, Lyu J, Lu Z. The protein kinase activity of fructokinase A specifies the antioxidant responses of tumor cells by phosphorylating p62. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4570. [PMID: 31032410 PMCID: PMC6482012 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells often encounter oxidative stress. However, it is unclear whether normal and cancer cells differentially respond to oxidative stress. Here, we demonstrated that under oxidative stress, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exhibit increased antioxidative response and survival rates compared to normal hepatocytes. Oxidative stimulation induces HCC-specifically expressed fructokinase A (KHK-A) phosphorylation at S80 by 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. KHK-A in turn acts as a protein kinase to phosphorylate p62 at S28, thereby blocking p62 ubiquitination and enhancing p62's aggregation with Keap1 and Nrf2 activation. Activated Nrf2 promotes expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species reduction, cell survival, and HCC development in mice. In addition, phosphorylation of KHK-A S80 and p62 S28 and nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 are positively correlated in human HCC specimens and with poor prognosis of patients with HCC. These findings underscore the role of the protein kinase activity of KHK-A in antioxidative stress and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Xu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fei Shao
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guishuai Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Hongwei Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Qian
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian AV., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhengjiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
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246
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Zhou JW, Tang JJ, Sun W, Wang H. PGK1 facilities cisplatin chemoresistance by triggering HSP90/ERK pathway mediated DNA repair and methylation in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Mol Med 2019; 25:11. [PMID: 30925862 PMCID: PMC6441178 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma represents one of the most common cancer types of the female reproductive tract. If diagnosed at an early stage, the 5-year survival rate is promising. However, recurrence and chemoresistance remain problematic for at least 15% of the patients. In the present study, we aim to reveal the mechanism by which PGK1 regulates chemoresistance in endometrial carcinoma. Methods qPCR was performed to detect expression of PGK1 in clinical tissue samples of endometrial carcinoma. Specific shRNAs were employed to knockdown PGK1 expression in endometrial cancer cell lines. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability and cisplatin sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma cell lines. Western blot was performed to assess the effects of PGK1 knockdown on the expression levels of HSP90, DNA repair-associated proteins (c-JUN, FOSL1, and POLD1), and DNA methylation-related enzymes (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B). Immunoprecipitation was performed to verify direct binding between PGK1 and HSP90. Results We first showed that PGK1 expression is elevated in tumor tissues of endometrial cancer, and high PGK1 levels are associated with clinical stages and metastasis. Knockdown of PGK1 inhibits proliferation of endometrial cancer cells, and enhances the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on cell viability. In addition, knockdown of PGK1 down-regulates the expression of DNA repair-related proteins, methylation-related enzymes, and total cellular methylation level. PGK1 was next shown to interact directly with HSP90 and exhibit pro-tumor effects by modulating the ATPase activity of HSP90. Conclusions We propose that PGK1 mediates DNA repair and methylation through the HSP90/ERK pathway, and eventually enhances the chemoresistance to cisplatin. The results provide new insights on functions of PGK1 and HSP90, which might make them as promising targets for endometrial cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Room 1711, No.220, Jiangdongbei Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan-Juan Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Room 1711, No.220, Jiangdongbei Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Room 1711, No.220, Jiangdongbei Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Room 1711, No.220, Jiangdongbei Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Yu G, Chu H, Wang X, Xiong L, Cai G, Liu R, Gao H, Tao B, Li W, Li G, Liang J, Yang W. Macrophage-Associated PGK1 Phosphorylation Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis and Tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2019; 71:201-215.e7. [PMID: 30029001 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a dominant leukocyte population in the tumor microenvironment and actively promote cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of macrophages remains poorly understood. Here we show that polarized M2 macrophages enhance 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1)-mediated phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) threonine (T) 243 phosphorylation in tumor cells by secreting interleukin-6 (IL-6). This phosphorylation facilitates a PGK1-catalyzed reaction toward glycolysis by altering substrate affinity. Inhibition of PGK1 T243 phosphorylation or PDPK1 in tumor cells or neutralization of macrophage-derived IL-6 abrogates macrophage-promoted glycolysis, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. In addition, PGK1 T243 phosphorylation correlates with PDPK1 activation, IL-6 expression, and macrophage infiltration in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Moreover, PGK1 T243 phosphorylation also correlates with malignance and prognosis of human GBM. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of macrophage-promoted tumor growth by regulating tumor cell metabolism, implicating the therapeutic potential to disrupt the connection between macrophages and tumor cells by inhibiting PGK1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lingling Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Guoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ruilong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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248
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Wilson RB, Solass W, Archid R, Weinreich FJ, Königsrainer A, Reymond MA. Resistance to anoikis in transcoelomic shedding: the role of glycolytic enzymes. Pleura Peritoneum 2019; 4:20190003. [PMID: 31198853 PMCID: PMC6545877 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Detachment of cells from the extracellular matrix into the peritoneal cavity initiates a cascade of metabolic alterations, leading usually to cell death by apoptosis, so-called anoikis. Glycolytic enzymes enable the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and allow resistance to anoikis of shed tumour cells. These enzymes also have moonlighting activities as protein kinases and transcription factors. Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and pyruvate kinase are the only glycolytic enzymes generating ATP in the hexokinase pathway. Hypoxia, EGFR activation, expression of K-Ras G12V and B-Raf V600E induce mitochondrial translocation of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). Mitochondrial PGK1 acts as a protein kinase to phosphorylate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1), reducing mitochondrial pyruvate utilization, suppressing reactive oxygen species production, increasing lactate production and promoting tumourigenesis. PGK1 also plays a role as a transcription factor once transported into the nucleus. Resistance to anoikis is also facilitated by metabolic support provided by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our series of experiments in-vitro and in the animal model showed that PGK1 knock-out or inhibition is effective in controlling development and growth of peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastric origin, establishing a causal role of PGK1 in this development. PGK1 also increases CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression, which is associated with a metastatic phenotype and plays a role in the metastatic homing of malignant cells. Thus, PGK1, its modulators and target genes may be exploited as therapeutic targets for preventing development of PM and for enhancing cytotoxic effects of conventional systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of South New Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth St, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wiebke Solass
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rami Archid
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc A. Reymond
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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249
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Prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds to and stabilizes acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 protein, thereby supporting cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1637-1648. [PMID: 30899433 PMCID: PMC6422191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 expression level is reportedly increased in most malignant tissues and correlates with poor outcomes. On the other hand, acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), the rate limiting enzyme of lipogenesis is also abundantly expressed in cancer cells, to satisfy the demand for the fatty acids (FAs) needed for rapid cell proliferation. We found Pin1 expression levels to correlate positively with ACC1 levels in human prostate cancers, and we focused on the relationship between Pin1 and ACC1. Notably, it was demonstrated that Pin1 associates with ACC1 but not with acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) in the overexpression system as well as endogenously in the prostate cancer cell line DU145. This association is mediated by the WW domain in the Pin1 and C-terminal domains of ACC1. Interestingly, Pin1 deficiency or treatment with Pin1 siRNA or the inhibitor juglone markedly reduced ACC1 protein expression without affecting its mRNA level, while Pin1 overexpression increased the ACC1 protein level. In addition, chloroquine treatment restored the levels of ACC1 protein reduced by Pin1 siRNA treatment, indicating that Pin1 suppressed ACC1 degradation through the lysosomal pathway. In brief, we have concluded that Pin1 leads to the stabilization of and increases in ACC1. Therefore, it is likely that the growth-enhancing effect of Pin1 in cancer cells is mediated at least partially by the stabilization of ACC1 protein, corresponding to the well-known potential of Pin1 inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs.
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250
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Zannini A, Rustighi A, Campaner E, Del Sal G. Oncogenic Hijacking of the PIN1 Signaling Network. Front Oncol 2019; 9:94. [PMID: 30873382 PMCID: PMC6401644 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular choices are determined by developmental and environmental stimuli through integrated signal transduction pathways. These critically depend on attainment of proper activation levels that in turn rely on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of single pathway members. Among these PTMs, post-phosphorylation prolyl-isomerization mediated by PIN1 represents a unique mechanism of spatial, temporal and quantitative control of signal transduction. Indeed PIN1 was shown to be crucial for determining activation levels of several pathways and biological outcomes downstream to a plethora of stimuli. Of note, studies performed in different model organisms and humans have shown that hormonal, nutrient, and oncogenic stimuli simultaneously affect both PIN1 activity and the pathways that depend on PIN1-mediated prolyl-isomerization, suggesting the existence of evolutionarily conserved molecular circuitries centered on this isomerase. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms and cellular processes like proliferation, metabolism, and stem cell fate, that are regulated by PIN1 in physiological conditions, discussing how these are subverted in and hijacked by cancer cells. Current status and open questions regarding the use of PIN1 as biomarker and target for cancer therapy as well as clinical development of PIN1 inhibitors are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zannini
- National Laboratory CIB, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rustighi
- National Laboratory CIB, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,IFOM - Istituto FIRC Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
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