1
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Fan Y, Hao Y, Zhu C, Hu B, Ma R, Liu Y, Li G. PLCε promotes the Warburg effect and tumorigenesis through AKT/GSK3β/Cdc25a in bladder cancer. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37018449 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2199188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C epsilon (PLCε) is a oncogene in various malignancies and regulates diverse cellular functions. But understanding of the relation between PLCε and glycolytic pathways has not been clearly identified. In the present study, we explored the effect of PLCε on the Warburg effect and tumorigenesis in bladder cancer (BCa). In our study, we showed that PLCε expression was elevated in BCa samples compared with matched adjacent nonmalignant bladder tissues. PLCε depletion using Lentivirus-shPLCε (LV-shPLCε) dramatically decreased cell growth, glucose consumption and lactate production, arresting T24 and BIU cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. We also observed that PLCε was correlated with the activation of protein kinase B (AKT) and cell division cycle 25 homolog A (Cdc25a) overexpression. In addition, we demonstrated that AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)/Cdc25a signaling pathways are involved in the PLCε-mediated Warburg effect in BCa. Moreover, we showed that PLCε had an effect on tumorigenesis in in vivo experiments. In summary, our findings demonstrate that AKT/GSK3β/Cdc25a is critical for the effect PLCε on Warburg effect and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Fan
- Clinical Lab department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanni Hao
- Clinical Lab department, Jiaocheng County maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Centre, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunkai Zhu
- Clinical Lab department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Clinical Lab department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rufei Ma
- Clinical Lab department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Clinical Lab department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Clinical Lab department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Hodgkinson CP, Gomez JA. Loss of PLCε activity as a culprit of ascending aortic dilation and aortic aneurysm. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H659-H661. [PMID: 36897748 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00687.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad P Hodgkinson
- Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jose A Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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3
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Li Q, Xu K, Tian J, Lu Z, Pu J. Metformin mitigates PLCε gene expression and modulates the Notch1/Hes and androgen receptor signaling pathways in castration-resistant prostate cancer xenograft models. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:715. [PMID: 34429755 PMCID: PMC8371978 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish a mouse model of patient-derived castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft tumors, and to evaluate the effects of various doses of metformin on phospholipase Cε (PLCε) expression and the neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (Notch1)/hairy and enhancer of split 1 and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways via western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Additionally, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was used to activate PLC, and Jagged1 was used as a Notch activator to verify whether metformin could suppress CRPC development via the PLCε/Notch1/AR pathways. The results confirmed that metformin may serve critical roles in CRPC by significantly inhibiting the occurrence, growth and proliferation of CRPC tumors by decreasing PLCε/Notch1 expression and AR nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Urology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Urology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- Department of Urology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Lu
- Department of Urology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Pu
- Department of Urology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
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4
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Zhang J, Wu J, Sun M, Zhang S, Huang J, Man M, Hu L. Phospholipase C epsilon mediates cytokine cascade induced by acute disruption of epidermal permeability barrier in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100869. [PMID: 33336085 PMCID: PMC7733008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of epidermal barrier is an important trigger in abnormal cutaneous inflammation. Phospholipase C epsilon (PLCε), a Ras/Rap1 effector, is essential for regulating cytokines production in different types of skin inflammation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that elevated expression of PLCε participates in the psoriasis-like inflammation in PLCε overexpressing transgenic mice model, while the reduction in PLCε expression attenuates inflammatory responses in either TPA- or DNFB-induced cutaneous inflammation. Here, we determined the role of PLCε in cutaneous inflammation induced by acute abrogation of epidermal permeability barrier. In comparison to wild type controls, PLCε KO mice exhibited reduced ear swelling and infiltration of granulocytes after tape-stripping. Moreover, expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β), chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-2, CCL20), and antimicrobial peptides (S100 proteins, MBD3) were lower in PLCε-deficient versus wild type mice. Likewise, expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were also lower in PLCε deficient keratinocytes and fibroblasts following IL-22 stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of PLCε with its siRNA decreased expression of IL-1α, CCL20, and S100 proteins, and MBD3 in HEK cultures. Collectively, these results suggested that PLCε mediated cytokine cascade induced by acute barrier disruption. IL-22 is likely the upstream of PLCε-mediated cytokine cascade following acute barrier disruption. PLCε deficiency reduces inflammation cascade after barrier disruption. IL-22 serves as a possible upstream activator of PLCε in keratinocytes. IL-22/PLCε signaling potentially involves in barrier related diseases like psoriasis.
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Key Words
- BMP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4
- Barrier function
- CCL20, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 20
- CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
- FLG, filaggrin
- HEK, human epidermal keratinocytes
- IL-22
- IVL, involucrin
- K1, keratin 1
- K15, keratin 15
- LHX2, LIM homeobox 2
- LOR, loricrin
- MBD, murine beta defensin
- PLCε
- PLCε, phospholipase C epsilon
- PMA, Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
- Psoriasis
- SHH, sonic hedgehog
- SOX9, SRY-box 9
- SPT1, serine palmitoyltransferase 1
- STAT3, transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Skin inflammation
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TLR2, toll like receptor 2
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jiangmei Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mengke Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuchang Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junkai Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Maoqiang Man
- Dermatology Services, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
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5
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Fan Y, Ou L, Fan J, Li L, Wang X, Niu L, Wu X, Luo C. PLCε regulates metabolism and metastasis signaling via HIF-1α/MEK/ERK pathway in prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8546-8557. [PMID: 32383180 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C-ε (PLCε) is frequently overexpressed in tumors and plays an important role in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Although great progress has been made in understanding biological roles of PLCε, the relevant molecular mechanisms underlying its pro-tumor activity remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that PLCε knockdown reduced cell metastasis, glucose consumption and lactate production in a manner that depended on hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression in prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, our findings showed that the expression levels of PLCε were positively associated with those of HIF-1α in clinical prostate carcinoma samples. Knockdown of PLCε impaired HIF-1α levels and transcriptional activity by regulating the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, and blocking HIF-1α nuclear translocation. Furthermore, PLCε could interact with the von Hippel-Lindau E3 ligase complex to modulate the stability of HIF-1α. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PLCε could be a crucial positive regulator of HIF-1α, which would promote PLCε-enhanced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Fan
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Ou
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo Li
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfang Niu
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Duan LM, Liu JY, Yu CW, Fan JX, Li T, Yang JX, Zheng YB, Liu FC, He ZT, Yuan HL, Wu XH, Luo CL. PLCε knockdown prevents serine/glycine metabolism and proliferation of prostate cancer by suppressing YAP. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:196-210. [PMID: 32064161 PMCID: PMC7017741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming is an important basis for the development of many tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). Metabolic changes in many amino acids consist of serine and glycine affect the biological behavior of them. Phospholipase C epsilon (PLCε) plays an important role as an oncogene. However, its role in regulating amino acid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, results found significantly positive correlation between PLCε and Yes-associated protein (YAP) in PCa tissues. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS results further displayed abnormally elevated levels of serine, glycine and its some downstream metabolites in the blood of PCa patients. Secondly, PLCε knockdown can inhibit serine/glycine producing and proliferation of PCa both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, PLCε may affect the serine/glycine metabolism by regulating dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of YAP. More interestingly, verteporfin (VP, a specific inhibitor of YAP) could effectively enhance the PLCε-depletion induced inhibition of serine/glycine secretion and growth. Overall, this research revealed the possibility of anomalous serine/glycine levels in the blood for the diagnosis of PCa, identified the important role of the PLCε/YAP axis in regulating serine/glycine metabolism, cell proliferation and tumor growth, and suggested the combination of VP with PLCε-depletion may provide a new idea for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao-Wen Yu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
| | - Jia-Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jin-Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong-Bo Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Feng-Chun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen-Ting He
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Hou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Chun-Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
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7
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Li L, Du Z, Gao Y, Tang Y, Fan Y, Sun W, Li T, Liu N, Yuan M, Fan J, Niu L, Yan J, Duan L, Wu X, Luo C. PLCε knockdown overcomes drug resistance to androgen receptor antagonist in castration-resistant prostate cancer by suppressing the wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15472-15486. [PMID: 30684266 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Most prostate cancers (Pcas) develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The expression levels of PLCε and wnt3a are increased in Pca and regulate androgen receptor (AR) activity. However, the biological function and mechanisms of PLCε and wnt3a in CRPC remain unknown. In this study, we found that the expression levels of PLCε, wnt3a, and AR were significantly increased in CRPC tissues as well as bicalutamide-resistant-LNCaP and enzalutamide-resistant-LNCaP cells. In addition, PLCε knockdown partly restored the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to bicalutamide and enzalutamide by inhibiting the activity of the wnt3a/β-catenin/AR signaling axis. Interestingly, the resistance of LNCaP cells docetaxel is related to PLCε but not the wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. We also found that the combination of PLCε knockdown and enzalutamide treatment synergistically suppressed cell proliferation, tumor growth, and bone metastasis using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our study revealed that PLCε is involved in the progression of drug-resistance in CRPC and could be a new target for the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi University Clinical Medical College, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Tang
- State key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Biomedical Engineering College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanru Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjuan Yuan
- Department of Urology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Fan J, Fan Y, Wang X, Niu L, Duan L, Yang J, Li L, Gao Y, Wu X, Luo C. PLCε regulates prostate cancer mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and migration via upregulation of Twist1. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:337. [PMID: 31383001 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic rewiring is a common feature of many cancer types, including prostate cancer (PCa). Alterations in master genes lead to mitochondrial metabolic rewiring and provide an appealing target to inhibit cancer progression and improve survival. Phospholipase C (PLC)ε is a regulator of tumor generation and progression. However, its role in mitochondrial metabolism remains unclear. Methods The GEO, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the GTEx databases were used to determine Twist1 mRNA levels in tumors and their non-tumor counterparts. Fifty-five PCa and 48 benign prostatic hypertrophy tissue samples were tested for the presence of PLCε and Twist1 immunohistochemically. An association between PLCε and Twist1 was determined by Pearson’s correlation analysis. PLCε was knocked down with a lentiviral short hairpin RNA. Mitochondrial activity was assessed by measuring the oxygen consumption rate. Western blotting analyses were used to measure levels of PPARβ, Twist1, phosphorylated (p)-Twist1, p-MEK, p-ERK, p-P38, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Cells were treated with inhibitors of MEK, JNK, and P38 MAPK, and an agonist and inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) β, to evaluate which signaling pathways were involved in PLCε-mediated Twist1 expression. The stability of Twist1 was determined after blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Reporter assays utilized E-cadherin or N-cadherin luciferase reporters under depletion of PLCε or Twist1. Transwell assays assessed cell migration. Finally, a nude mouse tumor xenograft assay was conducted to verify the role of PLCε in tumor formation. Results Our findings revealed that the expression of PLCε was positively associated with Twist1 in clinical PCa samples. PLCε knockdown promoted mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in PCa cells. Mechanistically, PLCε increased phosphorylation of Twist1 and stabilized the Twist1 protein through MAPK signaling. The transcriptional activity of Twist1, and the Twist1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and transcription regulation, were suppressed by PLCε knockdown and by blocking PPARβ nuclear translocation. The tumor xenograft assay demonstrated that PLCε depletion diminished PCa cell tumorigenesis. Conclusions These findings reveal an undiscovered physiological role for PLCε in the suppression of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism that has significant implications for understanding PCa occurrence and migration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1323-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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9
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Yang X, Ou L, Tang M, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen E, Diao J, Wu X, Luo C. Knockdown of PLCε inhibits inflammatory cytokine release via STAT3 phosphorylation in human bladder cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9723-32. [PMID: 26156799 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase Cε (PLCε) is a multifunctional enzyme implicated in inflammatory functions. There are limited data, however, on how PLCε can alter inflammatory cytokine by affecting downstream pathways. Recent studies suggest that inflammation is likely to have an important role in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (TCCB) and cancer disease progression. Here, we showed that PLCε and p-STAT3 expression were both elevated in TCCB tissues compared to adjacent tissues, and the increase of PLCε level was associated with the increase of p-STAT3 level. Then, knockdown of PLCε using adenovirus-shPLCε significantly decreased inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) expression and inflammation-associated gene (TLR4, MyD88, p-STAT3) expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PLCε knockdown blocked LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine and p-STAT3 expression. Additionally, we found that combined treatment of STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 with adenovirus-shPLCε exhibited synergistic inhibitory effects on expression of p-STAT3. Our results suggested that STAT3 phosphorylation is involved in PLCε-mediated inflammatory cytokine release. Our research is of potential importance in drug development programs using PLCε as a therapeutic target for TCCB.
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10
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Wang Y, Wu X, Ou L, Yang X, Wang X, Tang M, Chen E, Luo C. PLCε knockdown inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation via suppression of Notch signalling and nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:61-9. [PMID: 25796442 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase Cε (PLCε), a key regulator of diverse cellular functions, has been implicated in various malignancies. Indeed, PLCε functions include cell proliferation, apoptosis and malignant transformation. Here, we show that PLCε expression is elevated in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues compared to benign prostate tissues. Furthermore, PLCε depletion using an adenovirally delivered shRNA significantly decreased cell growth and colony formation, arresting the PC3 and LNCaP cell lines in the S phase of the cell cycle. We also observed that PLCε was significantly correlated with Notch1 and androgen receptor (AR). Additionally, we demonstrate that the activation of both the Notch and AR signalling pathways is involved in PLCε-mediated oncogenic effects in PCa. Our findings suggest that PLCε is a putative oncogene and prognostic marker, potentially representing a novel therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Ou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - E Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Du HF, Ou LP, Yang X, Song XD, Fan YR, Tan B, Luo CL, Wu XH. A new PKCα/β/TBX3/E-cadherin pathway is involved in PLCε-regulated invasion and migration in human bladder cancer cells. Cell Signal 2013; 26:580-93. [PMID: 24316392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although PLCε has been verified to enhance bladder cancer cell invasion, the signaling pathways responsible for this remain elusive. Protein kinase C (PKCα/β), which is involved in cancer development and progression, has been demonstrated to be activated by PLCε. However, the roles of PKCα/β in PLCε-mediated bladder carcinoma cell invasion and migration have not been clearly identified. In this study, to determine what role PKCα/β plays in PLCε-mediated bladder cancer cell invasion and migration, we silenced PLCε gene by adenovirus-shPLCε in T24 and BIU-87 cells and then revealed that it significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion. Further research indicated that cell bio-function of PLCε-regulated was related with PKCα/β activity. These in vitro findings were supported by data from bladder carcinoma patient samples. In 35 case bladder cancer tumor samples, PLCε-overexpressing tumors showed significantly higher positive rates of PKCα/β membrane immunohistochemistry staining than PLCε-low-expressing tumors. Mechanistically, study further showed that PLCε knockdown gene induced E-cadherin expression and decreased TBX3 expression, both of which were dependent on PKCα/β activity. In addition, we demonstrated that treatment cells with TBX3-specific shorting hairpin RNA (shRNA) up-regulated E-cadherin expression and inhibited cell invasion/migration. Moreover, in in vivo experiment, immunohistochemistry analysis of Ad-shPLCε-infected tumor tissue showed low expression levels of phospho-PKCα/β and TBX3 and high expression levels of E-cadherin compared with those of the control group. In summary, our findings uncover that PKCα/β is critical for PLCε-mediated cancer cell invasion and migration and provide valuable insights for current and future Ad-shPLCε and PKCα/β clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fei Du
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ping Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Dong Song
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ru Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Hou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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