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Lawrimore CJ, Coleman LG, Crews FT. Ethanol induces interferon expression in neurons via TRAIL: role of astrocyte-to-neuron signaling. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2881-2897. [PMID: 30610351 PMCID: PMC6646093 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves dysregulation of innate immune signaling in brain. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), an innate immune receptor that is upregulated in post-mortem human alcoholics, leads to induction of interferon (IFN) signaling. IFNs have been linked to depressive-like symptoms and therefore may play a role in addiction pathology. Astrocyte-neuronal signaling may contribute to maladaptation of neuronal circuits. OBJECTIVES In this manuscript, we examine ethanol (EtOH) induction of IFN signaling in neuronal, astrocyte, and microglial cell lines and assess astrocyte-neuronal interactions. METHODS U373 astrocytes, SH-SY5Y neurons, and BV2 microglia were treated with EtOH and analyzed for autocrine/paracrine IFN signaling. RESULTS EtOH induced TLR3, IFNβ, and IFNγ in SH-SY5Y neurons and U373 astrocytes, but not in BV2 microglia. The IFN response gene TRAIL was also strongly upregulated by TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) and EtOH in U373 astrocytes. TRAIL blockage via neutralizing antibody prevented induction of IFNs in SH-SY5Y neurons but not in U373 astrocytes. Blocking TRAIL in conditioned media from EtOH-treated astrocytes prevented induction of IFNs in SH-SY5Y neurons. Finally, an in vivo model of chronic 10-day binge EtOH exposure in C57BL6/J mice, as well as single acute treatment with Poly(I:C), showed increased TRAIL +IR cells in both orbitofrontal and entorhinal cortex. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a role of astrocyte to neuron TRAIL release in EtOH-induced IFN responses. This may contribute to alcohol associated negative affect and suggest potential therapeutic benefit of TRAIL inhibition in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J. Lawrimore
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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202
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Ragucci S, Pacifico S, Ruocco MR, Crescente G, Nasso R, Simonetti M, Masullo M, Piccolella S, Pedone PV, Landi N, Di Maro A. Ageritin from poplar mushrooms: scale-up purification and cytotoxicity towards undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:6342-6350. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01483g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ageritin from poplar mushroom is a valuable selective neurotoxin towards undifferentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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203
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Jiang H, Yu Y, Liu S, Zhu M, Dong X, Wu J, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Proteomic Study of a Parkinson's Disease Model of Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y Cells Induced by a Proteasome Inhibitor. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:84-92. [PMID: 30662332 PMCID: PMC6332475 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common nervous system degenerative diseases. However, the etiology of this disease remains elusive. Here, a proteasome inhibitor (PSI)-induced undifferentiated SH-SY5Y PD model was established to analyze protein alterations through proteomic study. METHODS Cultured undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells were divided into a control group and a group treated with 2.5 µM PSI (PSI-treated group). An methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was applied to detect cell viability. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), α-synuclein immunofluorescence and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were applied to evaluate apoptosis and cytoplasmic inclusions, respectively. The protein spots that were significantly changed were separated, analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis and DIGE De Cyder software, and subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and database searching. RESULTS The results of the MTT assay showed that there was a time and dose dependent change in cell viability following incubation with PSI. After 24 h incubation, PSI resulted in early apoptosis, and cytoplasmic inclusions were found in the PSI-treated group through H&E staining and α-synuclein immunofluorescence. Thus, undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells could be used as PD model following PSI-induced inhibition of proteasomal function. In total, 18 proteins were differentially expressed between the groups, 7 of which were up-regulated and 11 of which were down-regulated. Among them, 5 protein spots were identified as being involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway-induced PD process. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial heat shock protein 75 (MTHSP75), phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), laminin binding protein (LBP), tyrosine 3/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein (14-3-3ε) and YWHAZ protein (14-3-3ζ) are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, serine synthesis, amyloid clearance, apoptosis process and neuroprotection. These findings may provide new clues to deepen our understanding of PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Jiang
- Department of pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shicheng Liu
- Department of pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jinying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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204
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Alpha-Synuclein and Calpains Disrupt SNARE-Mediated Synaptic Vesicle Fusion During Manganese Exposure in SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120258. [PMID: 30544779 PMCID: PMC6316740 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle fusion is mediated by an assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), composed of syntaxin 1, soluble NSF-attachment protein (SNAP)-25, and synaptobrevin-2/VAMP-2. Previous studies have suggested that over-exposure to manganese (Mn) could disrupt synaptic vesicle fusion by influencing SNARE complex formation, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Here we employed calpeptin, an inhibitor of calpains, along with a lentivirus vector containing alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) shRNA, to examine whether specific SNAP-25 cleavage and the over-expression of α-Syn disturbed the formation of the SNARE complex in SH-SY5Y cells. After cells were treated with Mn for 24 h, fragments of SNAP-25-N-terminal protein began to appear; however, this effect was reduced in the group of cells which were pre-treated with calpeptin. FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicle fusion decreased with Mn treatment, which was consistent with the formation of SNARE complexes. The interaction of VAMP-2 and α-Syn increased significantly in normal cells in response to 100 μM Mn treatment, but decreased in LV-α-Syn shRNA cells treated with 100 μM Mn; similar results were observed in terms of the formation of SNARE complexes and FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicle fusion. Our data suggested that Mn treatment could increase [Ca2+]i, leading to abnormally excessive calpains activity, which disrupted the SNARE complex by cleaving SNAP-25. Our data also provided convincing evidence that Mn could induce the over-expression of α-Syn; when combined with VAMP-2, α-Syn prevented VAMP-2 from joining the SNARE complex cycle.
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205
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Alhazzani A, Rajagopalan P, Albarqi Z, Devaraj A, Mohamed MH, Al-Hakami A, Chandramoorthy HC. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Coculture Protects [Ca 2+] i Orchestrated Oxidant Mediated Damage in Differentiated Neurons In Vitro. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120250. [PMID: 30563298 PMCID: PMC6315478 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-therapy modalities using mesenchymal stem (MSCs) in experimental strokes are being investigated due to the role of MSCs in neuroprotection and regeneration. It is necessary to know the sequence of events that occur during stress and how MSCs complement the rescue of neuronal cell death mediated by [Ca2+]i and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the current study, SH-SY5Y-differentiated neuronal cells were subjected to in vitro cerebral ischemia-like stress and were experimentally rescued from cell death using an MSCs/neuronal cell coculture model. Neuronal cell death was characterized by the induction of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and -12, up to 35-fold with corresponding downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-6 and -10 by approximately 1 to 7 fold. Increased intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and ROS clearly reaffirmed oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, while upregulation of nuclear factor NF-κB and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 expressions, along with ~41% accumulation of early and late phase apoptotic cells, confirmed ischemic stress-mediated cell death. Stressed neuronal cells were rescued from death when cocultured with MSCs via increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, 17%; IL-6, 4%; and IL-10, 13%), significantly downregulated NF-κB and proinflammatory COX-2 expression. Further accumulation of early and late apoptotic cells was diminished to 23%, while corresponding cell death decreased from 40% to 17%. Low superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) expression at the mRNA level was rescued by MSCs coculture, while no significant changes were observed with catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Interestingly, increased serotonin release into the culture supernatant was proportionate to the elevated [Ca2+]i and corresponding ROS, which were later rescued by the MSCs coculture to near normalcy. Taken together, all of these results primarily support MSCs-mediated modulation of stressed neuronal cell survival in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alhazzani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zaher Albarqi
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anantharam Devaraj
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Hessian Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta City 31512, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Al-Hakami
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harish C Chandramoorthy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
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206
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Zammit V, Brincat MR, Cassar V, Muscat-Baron Y, Ayers D, Baron B. MiRNA influences in mesenchymal stem cell commitment to neuroblast lineage development. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:232-242. [PMID: 30533571 PMCID: PMC6257889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are widely used in therapeutic applications. Their plasticity and predisposition to differentiate into a variety of cell types, including those of the neuronal lineage, makes them ideal to study whether a selection of miRNAs may direct the differentiation of MSCs into neuroblasts or neuroblastoma to mature neurons. Following a short-listing, miR-107, 124 and 381 were selected as the most promising candidates for this differentiation. MSCs differentiated into cells of the neural lineage (Conditioned Cells) upon addition of conditioned medium (rich in microvesicles containing miRNAs) obtained from cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Characterisation of stemness (including SOX2, OCT4, Nanog and HCG) and neural markers (including Nestin, MASH1, TUBB3 and NeuN1) provided insight regarding the neuronal state of each cell type. This was followed by transfection of the three miRNA antagonists and mimics, and quantification of their respective target genes. MiRNA target gene expression following transfection of MSCs with miRNA inhibitors and mimics demonstrated that these three miRNAs were not sufficient to induce differentiation. In conditioned cells the marginal changes in the miRNA target expression levels reflected potential for the modulation of intermediate neural progenitors and immature neuron cell types. Transfection of various combinations of miRNA inhibitors and/or mimics revealed more promise. Undoubtedly, a mix of biomolecules is being released by the SH-SY5Y in culture that induce MSCs to differentiate. Screening for those biomolecules acting synergistically with specific miRNAs will allow further combinatorial testing to elucidate the role of miRNA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zammit
- National Blood Transfusion Service, St. Luke's Hospital, G'Mangia, PTA1010, Malta.,School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Mark R Brincat
- Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD2090, Malta
| | - Viktor Cassar
- Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD2090, Malta
| | - Yves Muscat-Baron
- Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD2090, Malta
| | - Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta
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207
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Fernandez-Abascal J, Ripullone M, Valeri A, Leone C, Valoti M. β-Naphtoflavone and Ethanol Induce Cytochrome P450 and Protect towards MPP⁺ Toxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113369. [PMID: 30373287 PMCID: PMC6274691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes vary their expression depending on the brain area, the cell type, and the presence of drugs. Some isoforms are involved in detoxification and/or toxic activation of xenobiotics in central nervous system. However, their role in brain metabolism and neurodegeneration is still a subject of debate. We have studied the inducibility of CYP isozymes in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, treated with β-naphtoflavone (β-NF) or ethanol (EtOH) as inducers, by qRT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and metabolic activity assays. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize the isoforms in mitochondria and/or endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to study the role of CYPs during methylphenyl pyridine (MPP+) exposure. EtOH increased mRNA and protein levels of CYP2D6 by 73% and 60% respectively. Both β-NF and EtOH increased CYP2E1 mRNA (4- and 1.4-fold, respectively) and protein levels (64% both). The 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation and dextromethorphan O-demethylation was greater in treatment samples than in controls. Furthermore, both treatments increased by 22% and 18%, respectively, the cell viability in MPP+-treated cells. Finally, CYP2D6 localized at mitochondria and ER. These data indicate that CYP is inducible in SH-SY5Y cells and underline this in vitro system for studying the role of CYPs in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Fernandez-Abascal
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Mariantonia Ripullone
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Aurora Valeri
- Molecular Horizon srl, Via Montelino 32, Bettona, 06084 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cosima Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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208
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Waetzig V, Haeusgen W, Andres C, Frehse S, Reinecke K, Bruckmueller H, Boehm R, Herdegen T, Cascorbi I. Retinoic acid-induced survival effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5974-5986. [PMID: 30320919 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignant childhood cancer arising from the embryonic sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest. Retinoic acid (RA) is included in the multimodal therapy of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma to eliminate minimal residual disease. However, the formation of RA-resistant cells substantially lowers 5-year overall survival rates. To examine mechanisms that lead to treatment failure, we chose human SH-SY5Y cells, which are known to tolerate incubation with RA by activating the survival kinases Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Characterization of downstream pathways showed that both kinases increased the phosphorylation of the ubiquitin ligase mouse double minute homolog 2 (Mdm2) and thereby enhanced p53 degradation. When p53 signaling was sustained by blocking complex formation with Mdm2 or enhancing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, cell viability was significantly reduced. In addition, Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the cell-cycle regulator p21 stimulated complex formation with caspase-3, which also contributed to cell protection. Thus, treatment with RA augmented survival signaling and attenuated basal apoptotic pathways in SH-SY5Y cells, which increased cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Waetzig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wiebke Haeusgen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cordula Andres
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonja Frehse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kirstin Reinecke
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruwen Boehm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Herdegen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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209
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Piotrowski M, Jantas D, Leśkiewicz M, Szczepanowicz K, Warszyński P, Lasoń W. Polyelectrolyte-coated nanocapsules containing cyclosporine A protect neuronal-like cells against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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210
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Differentiation enhances Zika virus infection of neuronal brain cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14543. [PMID: 30266962 PMCID: PMC6162312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne pathogen associated with a widespread 2015–2016 epidemic in the Western Hemisphere and a proven cause of microcephaly and other fetal brain defects in infants born to infected mothers. ZIKV infections have been also linked to other neurological illnesses in infected adults and children, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and meningoencephalitis, but the viral pathophysiology behind those conditions remains poorly understood. Here we investigated ZIKV infectivity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, both undifferentiated and following differentiation with retinoic acid. We found that multiple ZIKV strains, representing both the prototype African and contemporary Asian epidemic lineages, were able to replicate in SH-SY5Y cells. Differentiation with resultant expression of mature neuron markers increased infectivity in these cells, and the extent of infectivity correlated with degree of differentiation. New viral particles in infected cells were visualized by electron microscopy and found to be primarily situated inside vesicles; overt damage to the Golgi apparatus was also observed. Enhanced ZIKV infectivity in a neural cell line following differentiation may contribute to viral neuropathogenesis in the developing or mature central nervous system.
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211
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Branca JJV, Morucci G, Maresca M, Tenci B, Cascella R, Paternostro F, Ghelardini C, Gulisano M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini A. Selenium and zinc: Two key players against cadmium-induced neuronal toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:159-169. [PMID: 29408665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a worldwide occupational pollutant, is an extremely toxic heavy metal, capable of damaging several organs, including the brain. Its toxicity has been related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The neurotoxic potential of Cd has been attributed to the changes induced in the brain enzyme network involved in counteracting oxidative stress. On the other hand, it is also known that trace elements, such as zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se), required for optimal brain functions, appears to have beneficial effects on the prevention of Cd intoxication. Based on this protective effect of Zn and Se, we aimed to investigate whether these elements could protect neuronal cells from Cd-induced excitotoxicity. The experiments, firstly carried out on SH-SY5Y catecholaminergic neuroblastoma cell line, demonstrated that the treatment with 10 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 24 h caused significant modifications both in terms of oxidative stress and neuronal sprouting, triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The evaluation of the effectiveness of 50 μM of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and 100 nM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) treatments showed that both elements were able to attenuate the Cd-dependent neurotoxicity. However, considering that following induction with retinoic acid (RA), the neuroblastoma cell line undergoes differentiation into a cholinergic neurons, our second aim was to verify the zinc and selenium efficacy also in this neuronal phenotype. Our data clearly demonstrated that, while zinc played a crucial role on neuroprotection against Cd-induced neurotoxicity independently from the cellular phenotype, selenium is ineffective in differentiated cholinergic cells, supporting the notion that the molecular events occurring in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are critical for the response to specific stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo J V Branca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mario Maresca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Barbara Tenci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Paternostro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Anatomy Section, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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212
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Chen J, Niu Q, Xia T, Zhou G, Li P, Zhao Q, Xu C, Dong L, Zhang S, Wang A. ERK1/2-mediated disruption of BDNF-TrkB signaling causes synaptic impairment contributing to fluoride-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2018; 410:222-230. [PMID: 30130557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to fluoride has adverse effects on neurodevelopment, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fluoride exposure on synaptogenesis, and focused on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) signaling in these effects. Using Sprague-Dawley rats developmentally exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) from pregnancy until 6 months of delivery as in vivo model, we showed that fluoride impaired the cognitive abilities of offspring rats, decreased the density of dendritic spines and the expression of synapse proteins synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in hippocampus, suggesting fluoride-induced cognitive deficit associates with synaptic impairment. Consistently, NaF treatment reduced dendritic outgrowth and expression of SYN and PSD-95 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Further studies demonstrated that the BDNF-TrkB axis was disrupted in vivo and in vitro, as manifested by BDNF accumulation and TrkB reduction. Importantly, fluoride treatment increased phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2) expression, while inhibition of p-ERK1/2 significantly attenuated the effects of NaF, indicating a regulating role of p-ERK1/2 in BDNF-TrkB signaling disruption. Collectively, these data suggest that the developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride is associated with the impairment of synaptogenesis, which is caused by ERK1/2-mediated BDNF-TrkB signaling disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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213
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Indibulin dampens microtubule dynamics and produces synergistic antiproliferative effect with vinblastine in MCF-7 cells: Implications in cancer chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12363. [PMID: 30120268 PMCID: PMC6098095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indibulin, a synthetic inhibitor of tubulin assembly, has shown promising anticancer activity with a minimal neurotoxicity in preclinical animal studies and in Phase I clinical trials for cancer chemotherapy. Using time-lapse confocal microscopy, we show that indibulin dampens the dynamic instability of individual microtubules in live breast cancer cells. Indibulin treatment also perturbed the localization of end-binding proteins at the growing microtubule ends in MCF-7 cells. Indibulin reduced inter-kinetochoric tension, produced aberrant spindles, activated mitotic checkpoint proteins Mad2 and BubR1, and induced mitotic arrest in MCF-7 cells. Indibulin-treated MCF-7 cells underwent apoptosis-mediated cell death. Further, the combination of indibulin with an anticancer drug vinblastine was found to exert synergistic cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, indibulin displayed a stronger effect on the undifferentiated neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells than the differentiated neuronal cells. Unlike indibulin, vinblastine and colchicine produced similar depolymerizing effects on microtubules in both differentiated and undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells. The data indicated a possibility that indibulin may reduce chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients.
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214
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Hirayama N, Aki T, Funakoshi T, Noritake K, Unuma K, Uemura K. Necrosis in human neuronal cells exposed to paraquat. J Toxicol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29540653 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide that was once used worldwide, but is now prohibited in many nations due to its high toxicity to humans. However, there are still rare cases of the fetal intoxication of PQ, which was purchased prior to the prohibition in Japan. In this study, several cell death pathways, the mitochondrial stress response, and autophagy were examined in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to PQ. The results reveal the decrease of a mitochondrial stress sensitive-BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3) protein, the suppression of autophagic flux, and the lack of apoptosis as well as other regulated forms of necrosis, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis. Taken together, our preliminary survey of cellular responses against PQ shows that, although responses of mitochondria and autophagy are observed, subsequent cell death is necrosis. Mechanism of PQ-induced SH-SY5Y cell death should be complicated and cannot be explained thoroughly by already-known mechanisms.
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215
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High glucose forces a positive feedback loop connecting ErbB4 expression and mTOR/S6K pathway to aggravate the formation of tau hyperphosphorylation in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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216
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Clioquinol increases the expression of interleukin-8 by down-regulating GATA-2 and GATA-3. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:296-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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217
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Fujimura M, Usuki F. Methylmercury induces oxidative stress and subsequent neural hyperactivity leading to cell death through the p38 MAPK-CREB pathway in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:226-233. [PMID: 29913201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) induces site-specific cerebrocortical neuronal cell death. In our previous study using an in vivo mouse model, we reported that MeHg-induced cerebrocortical neuronal cell death may be due to neural hyperactivity triggered by activation of kinase pathways. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remained to be completely understood. In this study, we analyzed detailed signaling pathways for MeHg-induced neuronal cell death using all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, which show neuron-like morphological changes and express neuron/synapse markers for cerebrocortical neurons. Time course studies revealed that MeHg-induced upregulation of c-fos, a marker of neural activation, preceded neuronal cell death. These results were similar to those observed in a MeHg-intoxicated mouse model. We observed early expression of the oxidative stress marker thymidine glycol followed by activation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p38 MAPK, and an increase in cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Investigation of the effects of specific kinase inhibitors revealed that SB203580, a specific inhibitor for p38 MAPK, significantly blocked the upregulation of c-fos and the subsequent neuronal cell death. In contrast, PD98059 and U0126, specific inhibitors for p44/p42 MAPK, showed no effects on MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the antioxidants Trolox and edaravone significantly suppressed MeHg-induced thymidine glycol expression, p38 MAPK-CREB pathway activation, and neurotoxicity. Altogether, these results suggest that MeHg-induced oxidative stress and subsequent activation of the p38 MAPK-CREB pathway contribute to cerebrocortical neuronal hyperactivity and subsequent neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Fujimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Fusako Usuki
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, Japan
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218
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Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Retinoic Acid-Induced Cell Death and Induce Differentiation in F9 Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060396. [PMID: 29865197 PMCID: PMC6027053 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted much interest for a range of applications, including biomedical applications in the cosmetic industry. The current study assessed the anti-oxidative effect of AuNPs against retinoic acid (RA)-induced loss of cell viability; cell proliferation; expression of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress markers, pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, and differentiation markers; and mitochondrial dysfunction in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells. AuNPs were prepared by reduction of gold salts using luteolin as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared AuNPs were spherical in shape with an average diameter of 18 nm. F9 cells exposed to various concentrations of these AuNPs were not harmed, whereas cells exposed to RA exhibited a dose-dependent change in cell viability and cell proliferation. The RA-mediated toxicity was associated with increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species, increased levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and a reduced level of ATP. Finally, RA increased the level of pro-apoptotic gene expression and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Interestingly, the toxic effect of RA appeared to be decreased in cells treated with RA in the presence of AuNPs, which was coincident with the increased levels of anti-oxidant markers including thioredoxin, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated the apoptotic response by decreasing the mRNA expression of p53, p21, Bax, Bak, caspase-3, caspase-9, and increasing the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-Xl. Interestingly, AuNPs not only ameliorated oxidative stress but also induced differentiation in F9 cells by increasing the expression of differentiation markers including retinoic acid binding protein, laminin 1, collagen type IV, and Gata 6 and decreasing the expressions of markers of stem cell pluripotency including Nanog, Rex1, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, and Sox-2. These consistent cellular and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs could ameliorate RA-induced cell death and facilitate F9 cell differentiation. AuNPs could be suitable therapeutic agents for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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219
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Secretome from SH-SY5Y APP Swe cells trigger time-dependent CHME3 microglia activation phenotypes, ultimately leading to miR-21 exosome shuttling. Biochimie 2018; 155:67-82. [PMID: 29857185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosome-mediated intercellular communication has been increasingly recognized as having a broad impact on Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Still, limited information exists regarding their "modus operandi", as it critically depends on exosomal cargo, environmental context and target cells. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of the role of exosomes from different cell types as mediators of neuroinflammation in AD context is a decisive step to open avenues for innovative and efficient therapies. In this study, we demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells transfected with the Swedish mutant of APP695 (SHSwe) remarkably express increased inflammatory markers, combined with higher APP and Aβ1-40 production, when compared to naïve SH-SY5Y (SH) cells. Although exerting an early clearance effect on extracellular APP and Aβ accumulation when in co-culture with SHSwe cells, human CHME3 microglia gradually lose such property, and express both pro-inflammatory (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, MHC class II, IL-6) and pro-resolving genes (IL-10 and Arginase 1), while also evidence increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Interestingly, upregulation of inflammatory-associated miRNA (miR)-155, miR-146a and miR-124 by SHSwe secretome shows to be time-dependent and to inversely correlate with their respective targets (SOCS-1, IRAK1 and C/EBP-α). We report that microglia also internalize exosomes released from SHSwe cells, which are enriched in miR-155, miR-146a, miR-124, miR-21 and miR-125b and recapitulate the cells of origin. Furthermore, we show that SHSwe-derived exosomes are capable of inducing acute and delayed microglial upregulation of TNF-α, HMGB1 and S100B pro-inflammatory markers, from which only S100B is found on their derived exosomes. Most importantly, our data reveal that miR-21 is a consistent biomarker that is found not only in SHSwe cells and in their released exosomes, but also in the recipient CHME3 microglia and derived exosomes. This work contributes to the increased understanding of neuron-microglia communication and exosome-mediated neuroinflammation in AD, while highlights miR-21 as a promising biomarker/target for therapeutic intervention.
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220
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Jaafaru MS, Nordin N, Shaari K, Rosli R, Abdull Razis AF. Isothiocyanate from Moringa oleifera seeds mitigates hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and preserved morphological features of human neuronal cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196403. [PMID: 29723199 PMCID: PMC5933767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are well known for induction of oxidative stress conditions through oxidation of vital biomarkers leading to cellular death via apoptosis and other process, thereby causing devastative effects on the host organs. This effect is believed to be linked with pathological alterations seen in several neurodegenerative disease conditions. Many phytochemical compounds proved to have robust antioxidant activities that deterred cells against cytotoxic stress environment, thus protect apoptotic cell death. In view of that we studied the potential of glucomoringin-isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) or moringin to mitigate the process that lead to neurodegeneration in various ways. Neuroprotective effect of GMG-ITC was performed on retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y) via cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence microscopy by means of acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining, to evaluate the anti-apoptotic activity and morphology conservation ability of the compound. Additionally, neurite surface integrity and ultrastructural analysis were carried out by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy to assess the orientation of surface and internal features of the treated neuronal cells. GMG-ITC pre-treated neuron cells showed significant resistance to H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death, revealing high level of protection by the compound. Increase of intracellular oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was mitigated by GMG-ITC. Thus, pre-treatment with the compound conferred significant protection to cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclusion coupled with conservation of surface morphological features and general integrity of neuronal cells. Therefore, the collective findings in the presence study indicated the potentials of GMG-ITC to protect the integrity of neuron cells against induced oxidative-stress related cytotoxic processes, the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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221
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Curtis TM, Hannett JM, Harman RM, Puoplo NA, Van de Walle GR. The secretome of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells protects SH-SY5Y cells from arsenic-induced toxicity, independent of a neuron-like differentiation mechanism. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:54-64. [PMID: 29660375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure through contaminated food, water, and air causes irreversible neural damage and affects millions of people worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that the secreted factors (secretome) from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can promote neural recovery after several forms of injury including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was conducted to determine if the secretome from adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) prevents arsenic damage to SH-SY5Y cells. To this end, human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were pre-treated with the secretome from ADSCs and then challenged with different concentrations of arsenic. After various doses and exposure times, the extent of neuronal injury was assessed using MTT reduction and LDH release assays as well as LIVE/DEAD staining. These data demonstrate that the ADSC secretome protects SH-SY5Y cells from arsenic-induced toxicity. Previous reports have shown that the secretome of MSCs can induce neuroblast differentiation and mature neurons are less susceptible to chemical-induced toxicity. In the current study, proliferation assays, neurite length assessment, and quantitative RT-PCR of differentiation markers indicated that the ADSC secretome does not induce SH-SY5Y differentiation into a mature neuron-like phenotype. In contrast, our results demonstrated that soluble factor(s) in the ADSC secretome enhance SH-SY5Y cell substrate-dependent adhesion. The present study is the first to illustrate that the secretome from ADSCs protects SH-SY5Y cells from arsenic-induced toxicity. Additionally, we showed that protection against arsenic toxicity is not dependent on SH-SY5Y cell differentiation into a mature neuron-like phenotype, but involves soluble factor(s) in the secretome that appear to enhance cell survival by an adhesion-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY, United States.
| | - Joseph M Hannett
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas A Puoplo
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY, United States
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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222
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Differences in statin associated neuroprotection corresponds with either decreased production of IL-1β or TNF-α in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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223
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Tu W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Han L, Wang Q, Chen P, Zhang S, Wang A, Zhou X. Fluoride induces apoptosis via inhibiting SIRT1 activity to activate mitochondrial p53 pathway in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 347:60-69. [PMID: 29609003 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been a great concern about the neurotoxicity of fluoride since it can pass through the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. It has been suggested that apoptosis plays a vital role in neurotoxicity of fluoride. However, whether p53-mediated apoptotic pathway is involved is still unclear. Our results showed that apoptosis was induced after treatment with 40 and 60 mg/L of NaF for 24 h in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Exposure to 60 mg/L of NaF for 24 h significantly upregulated the levels of p53 and apoptosis-related proteins including PUMA, cytochrome c (cyto c), cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, whereas downregulated Bcl-2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, fluoride increased p53 nuclear translocation, cyto c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm and mitochondrial translocation of Bax in SH-SY5Y cells. Fluoride-induced increases of apoptotic rates and apoptosis-related protein levels were significantly attenuated by inhibiting p53 transcriptional activity with pifithrin-α. In addition, fluoride inhibited the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 and increased p53 (acetyl K382) level in SH-SY5Y cells. Apoptosis and upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and p53 (acetyl K382) induced by fluoride could be ameliorated by SIRT1 overexpression or its activator resveratrol in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that fluoride induces apoptosis by inhibiting the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 to activate mitochondrial p53 pathway in SH-SY5Y cells, which depends on p53 transcriptional activity. Thus, SIRT1 may be a promising target to protect against neurotoxicity induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Lianyong Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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224
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Janssens Y, Wynendaele E, Verbeke F, Debunne N, Gevaert B, Audenaert K, Van DeWiele C, De Spiegeleer B. Screening of quorum sensing peptides for biological effects in neuronal cells. Peptides 2018; 101:150-156. [PMID: 29360479 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing peptides (QSP) are an important class of bacterial peptides which can have an effect on human host cells. These peptides are used by bacteria to communicate with each other. Some QSP are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain parenchyma. However, nothing is known about the effects of these peptides in the brain. Therefore, 85 quorum sensing peptides were screened on six different neuronal cell lines using MTT toxicity, neurite differentiation, cytokine production and morphology as biological outcomes. This primary screening resulted in 22 peptides with effects observed on neuronal cell lines, indicating a possible role in the gut-brain axis. Four peptides (Q138, Q143, Q180 and Q212) showed induction of neurite outgrowth while two peptides (Q162 and Q208) inhibited NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Eight peptides (Q25, Q135, Q137, Q146, Q151, Q165, Q208 and Q298) induced neurite outgrowth in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Two peptides (Q13 and Q52) were toxic for SH-SY5Y cells and one (Q123) for BV-2 microglia cells based on the MTT assay. Six peptides had an effect on BV-2 microglia, Q180, Q184 and Q191 were able to induce IL-6 expression and Q164, Q192 and Q208 induced NO production. Finally, Q75 and Q147 treated C8D1A astrocytes demonstrated a higher fraction of round cells. Overall, these in vitro screening study results indicate for the first time possible effects of QSP on neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kurt Audenaert
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van DeWiele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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225
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Zhao Z, Ma X, Shelton SD, Sung DC, Li M, Hernandez D, Zhang M, Losiewicz MD, Chen Y, Pertsemlidis A, Yu X, Liu Y, Du L. A combined gene expression and functional study reveals the crosstalk between N-Myc and differentiation-inducing microRNAs in neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79372-79387. [PMID: 27764804 PMCID: PMC5346721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN amplification is the most common genetic alteration in neuroblastoma and plays a critical role in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. MYCN regulates neuroblastoma cell differentiation, which is one of the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic function. We recently identified a group of differentiation-inducing microRNAs. Given the demonstrated inter-regulation between MYCN and microRNAs, we speculated that MYCN and the differentiation-inducing microRNAs might form an interaction network to control the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. In this study, we found that eight of the thirteen differentiation-inducing microRNAs, miR-506-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-449a, miR-34a-5p, miR-449b-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-2110 and miR-34b-5p, inhibit N-Myc expression by either directly targeting the MYCN 3'UTR or through indirect regulations. Further investigation showed that both MYCN-dependent and MYCN-independent pathways play roles in mediating the differentiation-inducing function of miR-506-3p and miR-449a, two microRNAs that dramatically down-regulate MYCN expression. On the other hand, we found that N-Myc inhibits the expression of multiple differentiation-inducing microRNAs, suggesting that these miRNAs play a role in mediating the function of MYCN. In examining the published dataset collected from clinical neuroblastoma specimens, we found that expressions of two miRNAs, miR-137 and miR-2110, were significantly anti-correlated with MYCN mRNA levels, suggesting their interactions with MYCN play a clinically-relevant role in maintaining the MYCN and miRNA expression levels in neuroblastoma. Our findings altogether suggest that MYCN and differentiation-inducing miRNAs form an interaction network that play an important role in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through regulating cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Xiuye Ma
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute at UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer D Shelton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Derek C Sung
- Division of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Monica Li
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Hernandez
- Department of Biology at Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Maggie Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael D Losiewicz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at St. Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, at UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute at UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, at UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Cellular and Structural Biology, at UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaojie Yu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Liqin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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226
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Tong ZB, Huang R, Wang Y, Klumpp-Thomas CA, Braisted JC, Itkin Z, Shinn P, Xia M, Simeonov A, Gerhold DL. The Toxmatrix: Chemo-Genomic Profiling Identifies Interactions That Reveal Mechanisms of Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:127-136. [PMID: 29156121 PMCID: PMC9724813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A chemical genomics "Toxmatrix" method was developed to elucidate mechanisms of cytotoxicity using neuronal models. Quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) was applied to systematically screen each toxicant against a panel of 70 modulators, drugs or chemicals that act on a known target, to identify interactions that either protect or sensitize cells to each toxicant. Thirty-two toxicants were tested at 10 concentrations for cytotoxicity to SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, with results fitted to the Hill equation to determine an IC50 for each toxicant. Thirty-three toxicant:modulator interactions were identified in SH-SY5Y cells for 14 toxicants, as modulators that shifted toxicant IC50 values lower or higher. The target of each modulator that sensitizes cells or protects cells from a toxicant suggests a mode of toxicant action or cellular adaptation. In secondary screening, we tested modulator-toxicant pairs identified from the SH-SY5Y primary screening for interactions in three differentiated neuronal human cell lines: dSH-SY5Y, conditionally immortalized dopaminergic neurons (LUHMES), and neural stem cells. Twenty toxicant-modulator pairs showed pronounced interactions in one or several differentiated cell models. Additional testing confirmed that several modulators acted through their primary targets. For example, several chelators protected differentiated LUHMES neurons from four toxicants by chelation of divalent cations and buthionine sulphoximine sensitized cells to 6-hydroxydopamine and 4-(methylamino)phenol hemisulfate by blocking glutathione synthesis. Such modulators that interact with multiple neurotoxicants suggest these may be vulnerable toxicity pathways in neurons. Thus, the Toxmatrix method is a systematic high-throughput approach that can identify mechanisms of toxicity and cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Tong
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Carleen A. Klumpp-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John C. Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Zina Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David L. Gerhold
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive C-345E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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227
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Avola R, Graziano ACE, Pannuzzo G, Albouchi F, Cardile V. New insights on Parkinson's disease from differentiation of SH-SY5Y into dopaminergic neurons: An involvement of aquaporin4 and 9. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:212-221. [PMID: 29428877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore the behavior of aquaporins (AQPs) in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease that is a recurrent neurodegenerative disorder caused by the gradual, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Because of postmortem studies have provided evidences for oxidative damage and alteration of water flow and energy metabolism, we carried out an investigation about AQP4 and 9, demonstrated in the brain to maintain water and energy homeostasis. As an appropriate in vitro cell model, we used SH-SY5Y cultures and induced their differentiation into a mature dopaminergic neuron phenotype with retinoic acid (RA) alone or in association with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (MPA). The association RA plus MPA provided the most complete and mature neuron phenotype, as demonstrated by high levels of β-Tubulin III, MAP-2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. After validation of cell differentiation, the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and H2O2 were applied to reproduce a Parkinson's-like stress. The results confirmed RA/MPA differentiated SH-SY5Y as a useful in vitro system for studying neurotoxicity and for using in a MPTP and H2O2-induced Parkinson's disease cell model. Moreover, the data demonstrated that neuronal differentiation, neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are strongly correlated with dynamic changes of AQP4 and 9 transcription and transduction. New in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to confirm these innovative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Adriana Carol Eleonora Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdaous Albouchi
- Laboratoire Materiaux Molecules et Applications, Institut Preparatoire au Etude Scientifique et Technique, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, La Marsa, 2070 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
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228
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Zeissler ML, Eastwood J, McCorry K, Hanemann CO, Zajicek JP, Carroll CB. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol protects against MPP+ toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by restoring proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46603-46614. [PMID: 27366949 PMCID: PMC5216821 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation can result in transcription of proteins involved in oxidative stress defence and mitochondrial biogenesis which could rescue mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD).The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone is protective in models of PD; however side effects have limited its clinical use. The cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) may have PPARγ dependent anti-oxidant properties. Here we investigate the effects of Δ9-THC and pioglitazone on mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress. Differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to the PD relevant mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). We found that only Δ9-THC was able to restore mitochondrial content in MPP+ treated SH-SY5Y cells in a PPARγ dependent manner by increasing expression of the PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), the mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM) as well as mitochondrial DNA content. Co-application of Δ9-THC with pioglitazone further increased the neuroprotection against MPP+ toxicity as compared to pioglitazone treatment alone. Furthermore, using lentiviral knock down of the PPARγ receptor we showed that, unlike pioglitazone, Δ9-THC resulted in a PPARγ dependent reduction of MPP+ induced oxidative stress. We therefore suggest that, in contrast to pioglitazone, Δ9-THC mediates neuroprotection via PPARγ-dependent restoration of mitochondrial content which may be beneficial for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Zeissler
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Eastwood
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran McCorry
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - John P Zajicek
- School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Camille B Carroll
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BX, United Kingdom
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229
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Colini Baldeschi A, Pittaluga E, Andreola F, Rossi S, Cozzolino M, Nicotera G, Sferrazza G, Pierimarchi P, Serafino A. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Acts as a Neuroprotective Agent in in Vitro Models of Parkinson's Disease via Up-regulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:20. [PMID: 29449807 PMCID: PMC5799264 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades increasing evidence indicated a crucial role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. Recently dysregulation of this pathway has been proposed as a novel pathomechanism leading to Parkinson's disease (PD) and some of the molecules participating to the signaling have been evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for PD. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac-derived hormone having a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis. ANP and its receptors (NPRs) are widely expressed in mammalian central nervous system (CNS) where they could be implicated in the regulation of neural development, synaptic transmission and information processing, as well as in neuroprotection. Until now, the effects of ANP in the CNS have been mainly ascribed to the binding and activation of NPRs. We have previously demonstrated that ANP affects the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer cells through a Frizzled receptor-mediated mechanism. The purpose of this study was to investigate if ANP is able to exert neuroprotective effect on two in vitro models of PD, and if this effect could be related to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. As cellular models of DA neurons, we used the proliferating or RA-differentiated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. In both DA neuron-like cultures, ANP is able to positively affect the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, by inducing β-catenin stabilization and nuclear translocation. Importantly, activation of the Wnt pathway by ANP exerts neuroprotective effect when these two cellular systems were subjected to neurotoxic insult (6-OHDA) for mimicking the neurodegeneration of PD. Our data support the relevance of exogenous ANP as an innovative therapeutic molecule for midbrain, and more in general for brain diseases for which aberrant Wnt signaling seems to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Pittaluga
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Andreola
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicotera
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sferrazza
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pierimarchi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalucia Serafino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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230
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be associated with cancer progression and carcinogenesis. They are small, highly conserved, noncoding RNA molecules consisting of 19-25 nucleotides. By binding to complementary binding sites within the 3'-untranslated region of target mRNAs, miRNAs inhibit the translation of mRNAs or promote their degradation. miRNAs play critical roles in cancer initiation and development by functioning either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. Similarly, several studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in regulating various biological processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, cellular differentiation, signal transduction, and carcinogenesis. Among miRNAs, one that may be of particular interest in cancer biology is miR-449a, which has been reported to inhibit tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, and to promote apoptosis and differentiation through the transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1, NOTCH, nuclear factor-κB/P65/vascular endothelial growth factor, retinoblastoma-E2F, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, WNT-β-catenin signaling, tumor protein P53, and androgen receptor signaling pathways. The miR-449 cluster is located in the second intron of CDC20B on chromosome 5q11.2, a region that has been identified as a susceptibility locus in cancer, and the abnormal expression of miR-449a may be related to the occurrence and development of tumors. As one example, miR-449a has been reported to be involved in the development of carcinoma and may be a potential prognostic indicator. On the basis of the putative pathogenetic relationships between cancer and miR-449a, we consider that miR-449a has the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of some types of cancer. In this review, the role of miR-449a in tumorigenesis and its mechanism of action are explored. Furthermore, its potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment is considered.
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231
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Huang CY, Kuo CH, Chen PW. Compressional-Puffing Pretreatment Enhances Neuroprotective Effects of Fucoidans from the Brown Seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum on 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells. Molecules 2017; 23:E78. [PMID: 29286349 PMCID: PMC6017888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a compressional-puffing process (CPP) was used to pretreat Sargassum hemiphyllum (SH) and then fucoidan was extracted from SH by hot water. Three fucoidan extracts, namely SH1 (puffing at 0 kg/cm²); SH2 (puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²); and SH3 (puffing at 10.0 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their compositions and biological activities were evaluated. The results indicate that CPP increased the extraction yield, total sugar content, and molar ratios of sulfate/fucose of fucoidan and decreased molecular weight and impurities of fucoidan. The SH1-SH3 extracts exhibited characteristics of fucoidan as demonstrated by the analyses of composition, FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular weight. All SH1-SH3 extracts showed antioxidant activities. The SH1-SH3 extracts protected SH-SY5Y cells from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced apoptosis as illustrated by cell cycle distribution, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, and DNA fragmentation analyses. Additional experiments revealed that phosphorylation of Akt is involved in the opposing effects of SH1-SH3 on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. SH3 exhibited a relatively high extraction yield, the lowest levels of impurities, and was the most effective at reversing the 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells among SH1-SH3, which taken together indicate that it may have potential as a candidate therapeutic agent for the preventive therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wei Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
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232
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Ho CFY, Bon CPE, Ng YK, Herr DR, Wu JS, Lin TN, Ong WY. Expression of DHA-Metabolizing Enzyme Alox15 is Regulated by Selective Histone Acetylation in Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:540-555. [PMID: 29235036 PMCID: PMC5842265 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is enriched in neural membranes of the CNS, and recent studies have shown a role of DHA metabolism by 15-lipoxygenase-1 (Alox15) in prefrontal cortex resolvin D1 formation, hippocampo-prefrontal cortical long-term-potentiation, spatial working memory, and anti-nociception/anxiety. In this study, we elucidated epigenetic regulation of Alox15 via histone modifications in neuron-like cells. Treatment of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate significantly increased Alox15 mRNA expression. Moreover, Alox15 expression was markedly upregulated by Class I HDAC inhibitors, MS-275 and depsipeptide. Co-treatment of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells with the p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor C646 and TSA or sodium butyrate showed that p300 HAT inhibition modulated TSA or sodium butyrate-induced Alox15 upregulation. Differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells with retinoic acid resulted in increased neurite outgrowth and Alox15 mRNA expression, while co-treatment with the p300 HAT inhibitor C646 and retinoic acid modulated the increases, indicating a role of p300 HAT in differentiation-associated Alox15 upregulation. Increasing Alox15 expression was found in primary murine cortical neurons during development from 3 to 10 days-in-vitro, reaching high levels of expression by 10 days-in-vitro—when Alox15 was not further upregulated by HDAC inhibition. Together, results indicate regulation of Alox15 mRNA expression in neuroblastoma cells by histone modifications, and increasing Alox15 expression in differentiating neurons. It is possible that one of the environmental influences on the immature brain that can affect cognition and memory, may take the form of epigenetic effects on Alox15 and metabolites of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Poh-Ee Bon
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yee-Kong Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Jui-Sheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore. .,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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233
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Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Di Stefano A, Turkez H, Arslan ME, Eusepi P, Ciulla M, Cacciatore I. (R)-α-Lipoyl-Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu dimethyl ester as dual acting agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:52-58. [PMID: 28993014 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, effects of LA-GPE (R-α-Lipoyl-Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu dimethyl ester) and GPE (Gly-L-Pro-L-Glu) on the cytotoxic action of Aβ1-42 were tested with differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells as cellular Alzheimer model via measurements of mitochondrial viability (MTT assay) and lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH assay). Effects of LA-GPE and GPE on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels, and neural cell apoptosis and necrosis were also determined. In addition, biological safety of these novel formulations was evaluated in human blood cells using different cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays. Our results indicated that both compounds could block Aβ1-42 induced cell death. LA-GPE reduced Aβ-induced AChE activity and oxidative stress, suggesting it as a multifunctional compound potentially valuable for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Piera Eusepi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Michele Ciulla
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
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234
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GABA A receptor subunit deregulation in the hippocampus of human foetuses with Down syndrome. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1501-1518. [PMID: 29168008 PMCID: PMC5869939 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The function, regulation and cellular distribution of GABAA receptor subunits have been extensively documented in the adult rodent brain and are linked to numerous neurological disorders. However, there is a surprising lack of knowledge on the cellular (sub-) distribution of GABAA receptor subunits and of their expressional regulation in developing healthy and diseased foetal human brains. To propose a role for GABAA receptor subunits in neurodevelopmental disorders, we studied the developing hippocampus of normal and Down syndrome foetuses. Among the α1-3 and γ2 subunits probed, we find significantly altered expression profiles of the α1, α3 and γ2 subunits in developing Down syndrome hippocampi, with the α3 subunit being most affected. α3 subunits were selectively down-regulated in all hippocampal subfields and developmental periods tested in Down syndrome foetuses, presenting a developmental mismatch by their adult-like distribution in early foetal development. We hypothesized that increased levels of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and particularly its neurotoxic β-amyloid (1-42) fragment, could disrupt α3 gene expression, likely by facilitating premature neuronal differentiation. Indeed, we find increased APP content in the hippocampi of the Down foetuses. In a corresponding cellular model, soluble β-amyloid (1-42) administered to cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, augmented by retinoic acid-induced differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype, displayed a reduction in α3 subunit levels. In sum, this study charts a comprehensive regional and subcellular map of key GABAA receptor subunits in identified neuronal populations in the hippocampus of healthy and Down syndrome foetuses and associates increased β-amyloid load with discordant down-regulation of α3 subunits.
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235
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Differentiated Human SH-SY5Y Cells Provide a Reductionist Model of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Neurotropism. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00958-17. [PMID: 28956768 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00958-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-virus interactions that occur during herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection are not fully understood. Neurons are the site of lifelong latency and are a crucial target for long-term suppressive therapy or viral clearance. A reproducible neuronal model of human origin would facilitate studies of HSV and other neurotropic viruses. Current neuronal models in the herpesvirus field vary widely and have caveats, including incomplete differentiation, nonhuman origins, or the use of dividing cells that have neuropotential but lack neuronal morphology. In this study, we used a robust approach to differentiate human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells over 2.5 weeks, producing a uniform population of mature human neuronal cells. We demonstrate that terminally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells have neuronal morphology and express proteins with subcellular localization indicative of mature neurons. These neuronal cells are able to support a productive HSV-1 infection, with kinetics and overall titers similar to those seen in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells and the related SK-N-SH cell line. However, terminally differentiated, neuronal SH-SY5Y cells release significantly less extracellular HSV-1 by 24 h postinfection (hpi), suggesting a unique neuronal response to viral infection. With this model, we are able to distinguish differences in neuronal spread between two strains of HSV-1. We also show expression of the antiviral protein cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, which is the first demonstration of the presence of this protein in nonepithelial cells. These data provide a model for studying neuron-virus interactions at the single-cell level as well as via bulk biochemistry and will be advantageous for the study of neurotropic viruses in vitroIMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus (HSV) affects millions of people worldwide, causing painful oral and genital lesions, in addition to a multitude of more severe symptoms such as eye disease, neonatal infection, and, in rare cases, encephalitis. Presently, there is no cure available to treat those infected or prevent future transmission. Due to the ability of HSV to cause a persistent, lifelong infection in the peripheral nervous system, the virus remains within the host for life. To better understand the basis of virus-neuron interactions that allow HSV to persist within the host peripheral nervous system, improved neuronal models are required. Here we describe a cost-effective and scalable human neuronal model system that can be used to study many neurotropic viruses, such as HSV, Zika virus, dengue virus, and rabies virus.
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Expression of Gas1 in Mouse Brain: Release and Role in Neuronal Differentiation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:841-859. [PMID: 29110208 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1) is a pleiotropic protein that induces apoptosis of tumor cells and has important roles during development. Recently, the presence of two forms of Gas1 was reported: one attached to the cell membrane by a GPI anchor; and a soluble extracellular form shed by cells. Previously, we showed that Gas1 is expressed in different areas of the adult mouse CNS. Here, we report the levels of Gas1 mRNA protein in different regions and analyzed its expressions in glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic neurons. We found that Gas1 is expressed in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the Purkinje-molecular layer of the cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and fastigial nucleus, as well as in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. In all cases, Gas1 was found in the cell bodies, but not in the neuropil. The Purkinje and the molecular layers show the highest levels of Gas1, whereas the granule cell layer has low levels. Moreover, we detected the expression and release of Gas1 from primary cultures of Purkinje cells and from hippocampal neurons as well as from neuronal cell lines, but not from cerebellar granular cells. In addition, using SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with retinoic acid as a neuronal model, we found that extracellular Gas1 promotes neurite outgrowth, increases the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, and stimulates the inhibition of GSK3β. These findings demonstrate that Gas1 is expressed and released by neurons and promotes differentiation, suggesting an important role for Gas1 in cellular signaling in the CNS.
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Azzolin VF, Barbisan F, Lenz LS, Teixeira CF, Fortuna M, Duarte T, Duarte MMFM, da Cruz IBM. Effects of Pyridostigmine bromide on SH-SY5Y cells: An in vitro neuroblastoma neurotoxicity model. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 823:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Deane CAS, Brown IR. Knockdown of Heat Shock Proteins HSPA6 (Hsp70B') and HSPA1A (Hsp70-1) Sensitizes Differentiated Human Neuronal Cells to Cellular Stress. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:340-350. [PMID: 29090408 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are involved in cellular repair and protective mechanisms that counter characteristic features of neurodegenerative diseases such as protein misfolding and aggregation. The HSPA (Hsp70) multigene family includes the widely studied HSPA1A (Hsp70-1) and the little studied HSPA6 (Hsp70B') which is present in the human genome and not in mouse and rat. The effect of knockdown of HSPA6 and HSPA1A expression was examined in relation to the ability of differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to tolerate thermal stress. Low dose co-application of celastrol and arimoclomol, which induces Hsps, enhanced the ability of differentiated neurons to survive heat shock. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of HSPA6 and HSPA1A resulted in loss of the protective effect of co-application of celastrol/arimoclomol. More pronounced effects on neuronal viability were apparent at 44 °C heat shock compared to 43 °C. siRNA knockdown suggests that HSPA6 and HSPA1A contribute to protection of differentiated human neuronal cells from cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A S Deane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ian R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Kanno T, Yasutake K, Tanaka K, Hadano S, Ikeda JE. A novel function of N-linked glycoproteins, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and hemopexin: Implications for small molecule compound-mediated neuroprotection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186227. [PMID: 29016670 PMCID: PMC5633190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS) need to be efficiently delivered to the target site of action at appropriate therapeutic levels. However, a limited number of effective drugs for the treatment of neurological diseases has been developed thus far. Further, the pharmacological mechanisms by which such therapeutic agents can protect neurons from cell death have not been fully understood. We have previously reported the novel small-molecule compound, 2-[mesityl(methyl)amino]-N-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl] acetamide trihydrochloride (WN1316), as a unique neuroprotectant against oxidative injury and a highly promising remedy for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One of the remarkable characteristics of WN1316 is that its efficacious doses in ALS mouse models are much less than those against oxidative injury in cultured human neuronal cells. It is also noted that the WN1316 cytoprotective activity observed in cultured cells is totally dependent upon the addition of fetal bovine serum in culture medium. These findings led us to postulate some serum factors being tightly linked to the WN1316 efficacy. In this study, we sieved through fetal bovine serum proteins and identified two N-linked glycoproteins, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) and hemopexin (HPX), requisites to exert the WN1316 cytoprotective activity against oxidative injury in neuronal cells in vitro. Notably, the removal of glycan chains from these molecules did not affect the WN1316 cytoprotective activity. Thus, two glycoproteins, AHSG and HPX, represent a pivotal glycoprotein of the cytoprotective activity for WN1316, showing a concrete evidence for the novel glycan-independent function of serum glycoproteins in neuroprotective drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kanno
- NGP Biomedical Research Institute, Neugen Pharma Inc., Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasutake
- NGP Biomedical Research Institute, Neugen Pharma Inc., Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tanaka
- NGP Biomedical Research Institute, Neugen Pharma Inc., Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Hadano
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Joh-E Ikeda
- NGP Biomedical Research Institute, Neugen Pharma Inc., Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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240
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Fernandes LS, Dos Santos NAG, Emerick GL, Santos ACD. L- and T-type calcium channel blockers protect against the inhibitory effects of mipafox on neurite outgrowth and plasticity-related proteins in SH-SY5Y cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1086-1097. [PMID: 28862523 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some organophosphorus compounds (OP), including the pesticide mipafox, produce late onset distal axonal degeneration, known as organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). The underlying mechanism involves irreversible inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) activity, elevated intracellular calcium levels, increased activity of calcium-activated proteases and impaired neuritogenesis. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) appear to play a role in several neurologic disorders, including OPIDN. Therefore, this study aimed to examine and compare the neuroprotective effects of T-type (amiloride) and L-type (nimodipine) VGCC blockers induced by the inhibitory actions of mipafox on neurite outgrowth and axonal proteins of retinoic-acid-stimulated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, a neuronal model widely employed to determine the neurotoxicity attributed to OP. Both nimodipine and amiloride significantly blocked augmentation of intracellular calcium levels and activity of calpains, as well as decreased neurite length, number of differentiated cells, and lowered concentrations of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and synapsin induced by mipafox. Only nimodipine inhibited reduction of synaptophysin levels produced by mipafox. These findings demonstrate a role for calcium and VGCC in the impairment of neuronal plasticity mediated by mipafox. Data also demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of T-type and L-type VGCC blockers to inhibit OP-mediated actions, which may be beneficial to counteract cases of pesticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Silva Fernandes
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP - USP , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Neife Aparecida G Dos Santos
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP - USP , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luz Emerick
- b Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - ICS/UFMT/CUS , Sinop , MT , Brazil
| | - Antonio Cardozo Dos Santos
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP - USP , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
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241
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Morelli S, Piscioneri A, Drioli E, De Bartolo L. Neuronal Differentiation Modulated by Polymeric Membrane Properties. Cells Tissues Organs 2017; 204:164-178. [PMID: 28787740 DOI: 10.1159/000477135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, different collagen-blend membranes were successfully constructed by blending collagen with chitosan (CHT) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to enhance their properties and thus create new biofunctional materials with great potential use for neuronal tissue engineering and regeneration. Collagen blending strongly affected membrane properties in the following ways: (i) it improved the surface hydrophilicity of both pure CHT and PLGA membranes, (ii) it reduced the stiffness of CHT membranes, but (iii) it did not modify the good mechanical properties of PLGA membranes. Then, we investigated the effect of the different collagen concentrations on the neuronal behavior of the membranes developed. Morphological observations, immunocytochemistry, and morphometric measures demonstrated that the membranes developed, especially CHT/Col30, PLGA, and PLGA/Col1, provided suitable microenvironments for neuronal growth owing to their enhanced properties. The most consistent neuronal differentiation was obtained in neurons cultured on PLGA-based membranes, where a well-developed neuronal network was achieved due to their improved mechanical properties. Our findings suggest that tensile strength and elongation at break are key material parameters that have potential influence on both axonal elongation and neuronal structure and organization, which are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of efficient neuronal growth. Hence, our study has provided new insights regarding the effects of membrane mechanical properties on neuronal behavior, and thus it may help to design and improve novel instructive biomaterials for neuronal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Morelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
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242
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Lopes FM, Bristot IJ, da Motta LL, Parsons RB, Klamt F. Mimicking Parkinson's Disease in a Dish: Merits and Pitfalls of the Most Commonly used Dopaminergic In Vitro Models. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:241-255. [PMID: 28721669 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and has both unknown etiology and non-curative therapeutic options. Patients begin to present the classic motor symptoms of PD-tremor at rest, bradykinesia and rigidity-once 50-70% of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway have degenerated. As a consequence of this, it is difficult to investigate the early-stage events of disease pathogenesis. In vitro experimental models are used extensively in PD research because they present a controlled environment that enables the direct investigation of the early molecular mechanisms that are potentially involved with dopaminergic degeneration, as well as for the screening of potential therapeutic drugs. However, the establishment of PD in vitro models is a controversial issue for neuroscience research not only because it is challenging to mimic, in isolated cell systems, the physiological neuronal environment, but also the pathophysiological conditions experienced by human dopaminergic cells in vivo during the progression of the disease. Since no previous work has attempted to systematically review the literature regarding the establishment of an optimal in vitro model, and/or the features presented by available models used in the PD field, this review aims to summarize the merits and limitations of the most widely used dopaminergic in vitro models in PD research, which may help the PD researcher to choose the most appropriate model for studies directed at the elucidation of the early-stage molecular events underlying PD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Martins Lopes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Ivi Juliana Bristot
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lisbôa da Motta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Richard B Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Fabio Klamt
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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243
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Aluani D, Tzankova V, Yordanov Y, Kondeva-Burdina M, Yoncheva K. In vitro protective effects of encapsulated quercetin in neuronal models of oxidative stress injury. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1347523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denitsa Aluani
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Yordanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Yoncheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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244
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La Cognata V, Maugeri G, D'Amico AG, Saccone S, Federico C, Cavallaro S, D'Agata V. Differential expression of PARK2 splice isoforms in an in vitro model of dopaminergic-like neurons exposed to toxic insults mimicking Parkinson's disease. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1062-1073. [PMID: 28688199 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in PARK2 (or parkin) are responsible for 50% of cases of autosomal-recessive juvenile-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, 21 alternative splice variants of the human gene have been cloned. Yet most studies have focused on the full-length protein, whereas the spectrum of the parkin isoforms expressed in PD has never been investigated. In this study, the role of parkin proteins in PD neurodegeneration was explored for the first time by analyzing their expression profile in an in vitro model of PD. To do so, undifferentiated and all-trans-retinoic-acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (which thereby acquire a PD-like phenotype) were exposed to PD-mimicking neurotoxins: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are widely used in PD models, whereas carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG132) interfere, respectively, with mitochondrial mitophagy and proteasomal degradation. Following treatment with each neurotoxin H1, the first parkin isoform to be cloned, was down-regulated compared to the respective controls both in undifferentiated and RA-differentiated cells. In contrast, the expression pattern of the minor splice isoforms varied as a function of the compound used: it was largely unchanged in both cell cultures (eg, H21-H6, H12, XP isoform) or it showed virtually opposite alterations in undifferentiated and RA-differentiated cells (eg, H20 and H3 isoform). This complex picture suggests that up- or down-regulation may be a direct effect of toxin exposure, and that the different isoforms may exert different actions in neurodegeneration via modulation of different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina La Cognata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Grazia D'Amico
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Velia D'Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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245
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Peptides derived from the knuckle epitope of BMP-9 induce the cholinergic differentiation and inactivate GSk3beta in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4695. [PMID: 28680159 PMCID: PMC5498665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain degenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase as the world population ages. While there is presently no known cure for AD and current treatments having only a transient effect, an increasing number of publications indicate that growth factors (GF) may be used to treat AD. GFs like the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-9, affect many aspects of AD. However, BMP-9 is a big protein that cannot readily cross the blood-brain barrier. We have therefore studied the effects of two small peptides derived from BMP-9 (pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9). We investigated their capacity to differentiate SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells into neurons with or without retinoic acid (RA). Both peptides induced Smad 1/5 phosphorylation and their nuclear translocation. They increased the number and length of neurites and the expression of neuronal markers MAP-2, NeuN and NSE better than did BMP-9. They also promoted differentiation to the cholinergic phenotype more actively than BMP-9, SpBMP-9 being the most effective as shown by increases in intracellular acetylcholine, ChAT and VAchT. Finally, both peptides activated the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibited GSK3beta, a current AD therapeutic target. BMP-9-derived peptides, especially SpBMP-9, with or without RA, are promising molecules that warrant further investigation.
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246
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Murillo JR, Goto-Silva L, Sánchez A, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB, Junqueira M. Quantitative proteomic analysis identifies proteins and pathways related to neuronal development in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2017; 16:1-11. [PMID: 29900121 PMCID: PMC5965715 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation analysis of SH-SY5Y cells with iTRAQ strategy is proposed. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are more appropriated as a neuronal model. Upregulated proteins are mainly related to ECM-interaction and apoptosis. Proteins to explore as differentiation markers: AGRN, EMILIM-1, AIFM, STMN1.
SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are susceptible to differentiation using retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), providing a model of neuronal differentiation. We compared SH-SY5Y cells proteome before and after RA/BDNF treatment using iTRAQ and phosphopeptide enrichment strategies. We identified 5587 proteins, 366 of them with differential abundance. Differentiated cells expressed proteins related to neuronal development, and, undifferentiated cells expressed proteins involved in cell proliferation. Interactive network covered focal adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and neurodegenerative diseases processes and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-related signaling pathways; key proteins involved in those processes might be explored as markers for neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Rodriguez Murillo
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Goto-Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22281-100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aniel Sánchez
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Center of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Biomedical Center D13, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Magno Junqueira
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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247
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Lázaro DF, Pavlou MAS, Outeiro TF. Cellular models as tools for the study of the role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:162-171. [PMID: 28526239 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are highly debilitating conditions characterised primarily by progressive neuronal loss and impairment of the nervous system. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common of these disorders, affecting 1-2% of the population above the age of 65. Although the underlying mechanisms of PD have been extensively studied, we still lack a full understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the disease. Thus, the in vitro and in vivo models currently used are able to only partially recapitulate the typical phenotypes of the disease. Here, we review various cell culture models currently used to study the molecular basis of PD, with a focus on alpha-synuclein-associated molecular pathologies. We also discuss how different cell models may constitute powerful tools for high-throughput screening of molecules capable of modulating alpha-synuclein toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana F Lázaro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Angeliki S Pavlou
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany.
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248
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Li R, Zhou P, Guo Y, Zhou B. The involvement of autophagy and cytoskeletal regulation in TDCIPP-induced SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. Neurotoxicology 2017; 62:14-23. [PMID: 28495519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure and toxicity to organophosphate-based flame retardants are an increasing health concern. Neurons appear to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of these chemicals. For example, in vitro studies have shown that tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) induces apoptosis and autophagy in neural cells. In the present study, we investigated the cell biological mechanisms of TDCIPP-induced neurotoxicity using undifferentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as a model. Interestingly, TDCIPP treatment promoted differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells, which displayed various alterations including neurite elongation, an expansion of the numbers of neurite-bearing cells, and an increase in expression of cytoskeletal components normally enriched in neurons. Furthermore, the upregulation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, the degradation of p62/sequestosome 1, and the formation of autophagosomes occurred in treated cells, suggesting that TDCIPP exposure induces autophagy. However, pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine suppressed TDCIPP-induced autophagy and reduced expression of the aforementioned cytoskeletal components. This correlated with a reduction in neurite outgrowth and numbers of neurite-bearing cells. Taken together, these results indicate that autophagy might promote TDCIPP-induced SH-SY5Y cell differentiation, which leads to an increase in expression of cytoskeletal components and neurite outgrowth. This study offers key insights into the mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated with this commonly used organophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peijiang Zhou
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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249
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Chan MC, Bautista E, Alvarado-Cruz I, Quintanilla-Vega B, Segovia J. Inorganic mercury prevents the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells: Amyloid precursor protein, microtubule associated proteins and ROS as potential targets. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:119-128. [PMID: 28209268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury (Hg) occurs through different pathways and forms including methylmecury (MeHg) from seafood and rice, ethylmercury (EtHg), and elemental Hg (Hg0) from dental amalgams and artisanal gold mining. Once in the brain all these forms are transformed to inorganic Hg (I-Hg), where it bioaccumulates and remains for long periods. Hg is a well-known neurotoxicant, with its most damaging effects reported during brain development, when cellular key events, such as cell differentiation take place. A considerable number of studies report an impairment of neuronal differentiation due to MeHg exposure, however the effects of I-Hg, an important form of Hg found in brain, have received less attention. In this study, we decided to examine the effects of I-Hg exposure (5, 10 and 20μM) on the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells induced by retinoic acid (RA, 10μM). We observed extension of neuritic processes and increased expression of neuronal markers (MAP2, tubulin-βIII, and Tau) after RA stimulation, all these effects were decreased by the co-exposure to I-Hg. Interestingly, I-Hg increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) accompanied with increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDHA1). Remarkably I-Hg decreased levels of nitric oxide synthase neuronal (nNOS). Moreover I-Hg reduced the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) a protein recently involved in neuronal differentiation. These data suggest that the exposure to I-Hg impairs cell differentiation, and point to new potential targets of Hg toxicity such as APP and NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chin Chan
- Departmento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche 4039, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Bautista
- Departmento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Norte, 52786, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Cruz
- Departmento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico
| | - Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega
- Departmento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico
| | - José Segovia
- Departmento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico.
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250
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Deane CAS, Brown IR. Differential Targeting of Hsp70 Heat Shock Proteins HSPA6 and HSPA1A with Components of a Protein Disaggregation/Refolding Machine in Differentiated Human Neuronal Cells following Thermal Stress. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:227. [PMID: 28484369 PMCID: PMC5401876 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) co-operate in multi-protein machines that counter protein misfolding and aggregation and involve DNAJ (Hsp40), HSPA (Hsp70), and HSPH (Hsp105α). The HSPA family is a multigene family composed of inducible and constitutively expressed members. Inducible HSPA6 (Hsp70B') is found in the human genome but not in the genomes of mouse and rat. To advance knowledge of this little studied HSPA member, the targeting of HSPA6 to stress-sensitive neuronal sites with components of a disaggregation/refolding machine was investigated following thermal stress. HSPA6 targeted the periphery of nuclear speckles (perispeckles) that have been characterized as sites of transcription. However, HSPA6 did not co-localize at perispeckles with DNAJB1 (Hsp40-1) or HSPH1 (Hsp105α). At 3 h after heat shock, HSPA6 co-localized with these members of the disaggregation/refolding machine at the granular component (GC) of the nucleolus. Inducible HSPA1A (Hsp70-1) and constitutively expressed HSPA8 (Hsc70) co-localized at nuclear speckles with components of the machine immediately after heat shock, and at the GC layer of the nucleolus at 1 h with DNAJA1 and BAG-1. These results suggest that HSPA6 exhibits targeting features that are not apparent for HSPA1A and HSPA8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A S Deane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto ScarboroughToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto ScarboroughToronto, ON, Canada
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