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Abstract
The therapeutic onset of traditional antidepressants is delayed by several weeks and many depressed patients fail to respond to treatment altogether. In contrast, subanesthetic ketamine can rapidly alleviate symptoms of depression within hours of a single administration, even in patients who are considered treatment-resistant. Ketamine is thought to exert these effects by restoring the integrity of neural circuits that are compromised in depression. This hypothesis stems in part from preclinical observations that ketamine can strengthen synaptic connections by increasing glutamate-mediated neurotransmission and promoting rapid neurotrophic factor release. An improved understanding of how ketamine, and other novel rapid-acting antidepressants, give rise to these processes will help foster future therapeutic innovation. Here, we review the history of antidepressant treatment advances that preceded the ketamine discovery, critically examine mechanistic hypotheses for how ketamine may exert its antidepressant effects, and discuss the impact this knowledge has had on ongoing drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lace M Riggs
- Program in Neuroscience and Training Program in Integrative Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA;
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; .,Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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202
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Energetics of stochastic BCM type synaptic plasticity and storing of accurate information. J Comput Neurosci 2021; 49:71-106. [PMID: 33528721 PMCID: PMC8046702 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-020-00775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory synaptic signaling in cortical circuits is thought to be metabolically expensive. Two fundamental brain functions, learning and memory, are associated with long-term synaptic plasticity, but we know very little about energetics of these slow biophysical processes. This study investigates the energy requirement of information storing in plastic synapses for an extended version of BCM plasticity with a decay term, stochastic noise, and nonlinear dependence of neuron’s firing rate on synaptic current (adaptation). It is shown that synaptic weights in this model exhibit bistability. In order to analyze the system analytically, it is reduced to a simple dynamic mean-field for a population averaged plastic synaptic current. Next, using the concepts of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, we derive the energy rate (entropy production rate) for plastic synapses and a corresponding Fisher information for coding presynaptic input. That energy, which is of chemical origin, is primarily used for battling fluctuations in the synaptic weights and presynaptic firing rates, and it increases steeply with synaptic weights, and more uniformly though nonlinearly with presynaptic firing. At the onset of synaptic bistability, Fisher information and memory lifetime both increase sharply, by a few orders of magnitude, but the plasticity energy rate changes only mildly. This implies that a huge gain in the precision of stored information does not have to cost large amounts of metabolic energy, which suggests that synaptic information is not directly limited by energy consumption. Interestingly, for very weak synaptic noise, such a limit on synaptic coding accuracy is imposed instead by a derivative of the plasticity energy rate with respect to the mean presynaptic firing, and this relationship has a general character that is independent of the plasticity type. An estimate for primate neocortex reveals that a relative metabolic cost of BCM type synaptic plasticity, as a fraction of neuronal cost related to fast synaptic transmission and spiking, can vary from negligible to substantial, depending on the synaptic noise level and presynaptic firing.
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203
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Park L, Luth ES, Jones K, Hofer J, Nguyen I, Watters KE, Juo P. The Snail transcription factor CES-1 regulates glutamatergic behavior in C. elegans. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245587. [PMID: 33529210 PMCID: PMC7853468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) expression and function alters synaptic strength and is a major mechanism underlying synaptic plasticity. Although transcription is required for some forms of synaptic plasticity, the transcription factors that regulate AMPA receptor expression and signaling are incompletely understood. Here, we identify the Snail family transcription factor ces-1 in an RNAi screen for conserved transcription factors that regulate glutamatergic behavior in C. elegans. ces-1 was originally discovered as a selective cell death regulator of neuro-secretory motor neuron (NSM) and I2 interneuron sister cells in C. elegans, and has almost exclusively been studied in the NSM cell lineage. We found that ces-1 loss-of-function mutants have defects in two glutamatergic behaviors dependent on the C. elegans AMPA receptor GLR-1, the mechanosensory nose-touch response and spontaneous locomotion reversals. In contrast, ces-1 gain-of-function mutants exhibit increased spontaneous reversals, and these are dependent on glr-1 consistent with these genes acting in the same pathway. ces-1 mutants have wild type cholinergic neuromuscular junction function, suggesting that they do not have a general defect in synaptic transmission or muscle function. The effect of ces-1 mutation on glutamatergic behaviors is not due to ectopic cell death of ASH sensory neurons or GLR-1-expressing neurons that mediate one or both of these behaviors, nor due to an indirect effect on NSM sister cell deaths. Rescue experiments suggest that ces-1 may act, in part, in GLR-1-expressing neurons to regulate glutamatergic behaviors. Interestingly, ces-1 mutants suppress the increased reversal frequencies stimulated by a constitutively-active form of GLR-1. However, expression of glr-1 mRNA or GFP-tagged GLR-1 was not decreased in ces-1 mutants suggesting that ces-1 likely promotes GLR-1 function. This study identifies a novel role for ces-1 in regulating glutamatergic behavior that appears to be independent of its canonical role in regulating cell death in the NSM cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Park
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cell, Developmental and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Luth
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Jones
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julia Hofer
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Irene Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Watters
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Juo
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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204
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Increased surface P2X4 receptor regulates anxiety and memory in P2X4 internalization-defective knock-in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:629-644. [PMID: 31911635 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ATP signaling and surface P2X4 receptors are upregulated selectively in neurons and/or glia in various CNS disorders including anxiety, chronic pain, epilepsy, ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the cell-specific functions of P2X4 in pathological contexts remain elusive. To elucidate P2X4 functions, we created a conditional transgenic knock-in P2X4 mouse line (Floxed P2X4mCherryIN) allowing the Cre activity-dependent genetic swapping of the internalization motif of P2X4 by the fluorescent mCherry protein to prevent constitutive endocytosis of P2X4. By combining molecular, cellular, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches, we characterized two distinct knock-in mouse lines expressing noninternalized P2X4mCherryIN either exclusively in excitatory forebrain neurons or in all cells natively expressing P2X4. The genetic substitution of wild-type P2X4 by noninternalized P2X4mCherryIN in both knock-in mouse models did not alter the sparse distribution and subcellular localization of P2X4 but increased the number of P2X4 receptors at the surface of the targeted cells mimicking the pathological increased surface P2X4 state. Increased surface P2X4 density in the hippocampus of knock-in mice altered LTP and LTD plasticity phenomena at CA1 synapses without affecting basal excitatory transmission. Moreover, these cellular events translated into anxiolytic effects and deficits in spatial memory. Our results show that increased surface density of neuronal P2X4 contributes to synaptic deficits and alterations in anxiety and memory functions consistent with the implication of P2X4 in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, these conditional P2X4mCherryIN knock-in mice will allow exploring the cell-specific roles of P2X4 in various physiological and pathological contexts.
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205
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Deubiquitylating enzymes in neuronal health and disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:120. [PMID: 33483467 PMCID: PMC7822931 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation play a pivotal role in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Proteostasis shapes the proteome landscape in the human brain and its impairment is linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here we discuss the emerging roles of deubiquitylating enzymes in neuronal function and survival. We provide an updated perspective on the genetics, physiology, structure, and function of deubiquitylases in neuronal health and disease. ![]()
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206
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Park P, Georgiou J, Sanderson TM, Ko KH, Kang H, Kim JI, Bradley CA, Bortolotto ZA, Zhuo M, Kaang BK, Collingridge GL. PKA drives an increase in AMPA receptor unitary conductance during LTP in the hippocampus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:413. [PMID: 33462202 PMCID: PMC7814032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal CA1 synapses can be expressed by an increase either in the number (N) of AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptors or in their single channel conductance (γ). Here, we have established how these distinct synaptic processes contribute to the expression of LTP in hippocampal slices obtained from young adult rodents. LTP induced by compressed theta burst stimulation (TBS), with a 10 s inter-episode interval, involves purely an increase in N (LTPN). In contrast, either a spaced TBS, with a 10 min inter-episode interval, or a single TBS, delivered when PKA is activated, results in LTP that is associated with a transient increase in γ (LTPγ), caused by the insertion of calcium-permeable (CP)-AMPA receptors. Activation of CaMKII is necessary and sufficient for LTPN whilst PKA is additionally required for LTPγ. Thus, two mechanistically distinct forms of LTP co-exist at these synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojeong Park
- Glutamate Receptor Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Thomas M Sanderson
- Glutamate Receptor Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kwang-Hee Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Heather Kang
- Glutamate Receptor Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ji-Il Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Clarrisa A Bradley
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Zuner A Bortolotto
- Glutamate Receptor Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Glutamate Receptor Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. .,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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207
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Ji B, Skup M. Roles of palmitoylation in structural long-term synaptic plasticity. Mol Brain 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33430908 PMCID: PMC7802216 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are important cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory processes. N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP and LTD play especially crucial roles in these functions, and their expression depends on changes in the number and single channel conductance of the major ionotropic glutamate receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) located on the postsynaptic membrane. Structural changes in dendritic spines comprise the morphological platform and support for molecular changes in the execution of synaptic plasticity and memory storage. At the molecular level, spine morphology is directly determined by actin cytoskeleton organization within the spine and indirectly stabilized and consolidated by scaffold proteins at the spine head. Palmitoylation, as a uniquely reversible lipid modification with the ability to regulate protein membrane localization and trafficking, plays significant roles in the structural and functional regulation of LTP and LTD. Altered structural plasticity of dendritic spines is also considered a hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders, while genetic evidence strongly links abnormal brain function to impaired palmitoylation. Numerous studies have indicated that palmitoylation contributes to morphological spine modifications. In this review, we have gathered data showing that the regulatory proteins that modulate the actin network and scaffold proteins related to AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission also undergo palmitoylation and play roles in modifying spine architecture during structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjun Ji
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Skup
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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208
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Siedlecki-Wullich D, Miñano-Molina AJ, Rodríguez-Álvarez J. microRNAs as Early Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: A Synaptic Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:113. [PMID: 33435363 PMCID: PMC7827653 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic processes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect synaptic function from initial asymptomatic stages, long time before the onset of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Therefore, reliable biomarkers enabling early AD diagnosis and prognosis are needed to maximize the time window for therapeutic interventions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as promising cost-effective and non-invasive biomarkers for AD, since they can be readily detected in different biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Moreover, a growing body of evidence indicates that miRNAs regulate synaptic homeostasis and plasticity processes, suggesting that they may be involved in early synaptic dysfunction during AD. Here, we review the current literature supporting a role of miRNAs during early synaptic deficits in AD, including recent studies evaluating their potential as AD biomarkers. Besides targeting genes related to Aβ and tau metabolism, several miRNAs also regulate synaptic-related proteins and transcription factors implicated in early synaptic deficits during AD. Furthermore, individual miRNAs and molecular signatures have been found to distinguish between prodromal AD and healthy controls. Overall, these studies highlight the relevance of considering synaptic-related miRNAs as potential biomarkers of early AD stages. However, further validation studies in large cohorts, including longitudinal studies, as well as implementation of standardized protocols, are needed to establish miRNA-based biomarkers as reliable diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Siedlecki-Wullich
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J. Miñano-Molina
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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209
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Jang S, Yang E, Kim D, Kim H, Kim E. Clmp Regulates AMPA and Kainate Receptor Responses in the Neonatal Hippocampal CA3 and Kainate Seizure Susceptibility in Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 12:567075. [PMID: 33408624 PMCID: PMC7779639 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.567075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic adhesion molecules regulate synapse development through trans-synaptic adhesion and assembly of diverse synaptic proteins. Many synaptic adhesion molecules positively regulate synapse development; some, however, exert negative regulation, although such cases are relatively rare. In addition, synaptic adhesion molecules regulate the amplitude of post-synaptic receptor responses, but whether adhesion molecules can regulate the kinetic properties of post-synaptic receptors remains unclear. Here we report that Clmp, a homophilic adhesion molecule of the Ig domain superfamily that is abundantly expressed in the brain, reaches peak expression at a neonatal stage (week 1) and associates with subunits of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and kainate receptors (KARs). Clmp deletion in mice increased the frequency and amplitude of AMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) and the frequency, amplitude, and decay time constant of KAR-mediated mEPSCs in hippocampal CA3 neurons. Clmp deletion had minimal impacts on evoked excitatory synaptic currents at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses but increased extrasynaptic KAR, but not AMPAR, currents, suggesting that Clmp distinctly inhibits AMPAR and KAR responses. Behaviorally, Clmp deletion enhanced novel object recognition and susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures, without affecting contextual or auditory cued fear conditioning or pattern completion-based contextual fear conditioning. These results suggest that Clmp negatively regulates hippocampal excitatory synapse development and AMPAR and KAR responses in the neonatal hippocampal CA3 as well as object recognition and kainate seizure susceptibility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seil Jang
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery Platform Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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210
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McMillan KJ, Banks PJ, Hellel FLN, Carmichael RE, Clairfeuille T, Evans AJ, Heesom KJ, Lewis P, Collins BM, Bashir ZI, Henley JM, Wilkinson KA, Cullen PJ. Sorting nexin-27 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the synaptic adhesion protein LRFN2. eLife 2021; 10:59432. [PMID: 34251337 PMCID: PMC8296521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosome-associated cargo adaptor sorting nexin-27 (SNX27) is linked to various neuropathologies through sorting of integral proteins to the synaptic surface, most notably AMPA receptors. To provide a broader view of SNX27-associated pathologies, we performed proteomics in rat primary neurons to identify SNX27-dependent cargoes, and identified proteins linked to excitotoxicity, epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and working memory deficits. Focusing on the synaptic adhesion molecule LRFN2, we established that SNX27 binds to LRFN2 and regulates its endosomal sorting. Furthermore, LRFN2 associates with AMPA receptors and knockdown of LRFN2 results in decreased surface AMPA receptor expression, reduced synaptic activity, and attenuated hippocampal long-term potentiation. Overall, our study provides an additional mechanism by which SNX27 can control AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity indirectly through the sorting of LRFN2 and offers molecular insight into the perturbed function of SNX27 and LRFN2 in a range of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Banks
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Thomas Clairfeuille
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ashley J Evans
- School of Biochemistry, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics facility, School of Biochemistry, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip Lewis
- Proteomics facility, School of Biochemistry, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Brett M Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Zafar I Bashir
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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211
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Graves AR, Roth RH, Tan HL, Zhu Q, Bygrave AM, Lopez-Ortega E, Hong I, Spiegel AC, Johnson RC, Vogelstein JT, Tward DJ, Miller MI, Huganir RL. Visualizing synaptic plasticity in vivo by large-scale imaging of endogenous AMPA receptors. eLife 2021; 10:66809. [PMID: 34658338 PMCID: PMC8616579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how synaptic molecules such as AMPA receptors mediate neuronal communication and tracking their dynamic expression during behavior is crucial to understand cognition and disease, but current technological barriers preclude large-scale exploration of molecular dynamics in vivo. We have developed a suite of innovative methodologies that break through these barriers: a new knockin mouse line with fluorescently tagged endogenous AMPA receptors, two-photon imaging of hundreds of thousands of labeled synapses in behaving mice, and computer vision-based automatic synapse detection. Using these tools, we can longitudinally track how the strength of populations of synapses changes during behavior. We used this approach to generate an unprecedentedly detailed spatiotemporal map of synapses undergoing changes in strength following sensory experience. More generally, these tools can be used as an optical probe capable of measuring functional synapse strength across entire brain areas during any behavioral paradigm, describing complex system-wide changes with molecular precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Graves
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard H Roth
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Han L Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Elena Lopez-Ortega
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ingie Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alina C Spiegel
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard C Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Joshua T Vogelstein
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniel J Tward
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michael I Miller
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
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212
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Hu J, Liu PL, Hua Y, Gao BY, Wang YY, Bai YL, Chen C. Constraint-induced movement therapy enhances AMPA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in the ipsilateral hemisphere following ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:319-324. [PMID: 32859791 PMCID: PMC7896237 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) can promote the recovery of motor function in injured upper limbs following stroke, which may be associated with upregulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) at synapses in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex in our previous study. However, AMPAR distribution is tightly regulated, and only AMPARs on the postsynaptic membrane can mediate synaptic transmission. We speculated that synaptic remodeling induced by movement-associated synaptic activity can promote functional recovery from stroke. To test this hypothesis, we compared AMPAR expression on the postsynaptic membrane surface in a rat model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with versus without CIMT, which consisted of daily running wheel training for 2 weeks starting on day 7 after MCAO. The results showed that CIMT increased the number of glutamate receptor (GluR)2-containing functional synapses in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex, and reduced non-GluR2 AMPARs in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex and hippocampal CA3 region. In addition, CIMT enhanced AMPAR expression on the surface of post-synaptic membrane in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus. Thus, CIMT promotes the recovery of motor function of injured upper limbs following stroke by enhancing AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in the ischemic hemisphere. These findings provide supporting evidence for the clinical value of CIMT for restoring limb movement in stroke patients. All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Department of Laboratory Animal Science of Fudan University, China (approval No. 201802173S) on March 3, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Le Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Yao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Long Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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213
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MIYAZAKI T, ABE H, UCHIDA H, TAKAHASHI T. Translational medicine of the glutamate AMPA receptor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:1-21. [PMID: 33431723 PMCID: PMC7859086 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric and neurological disorders severely hamper patient's quality of life. Despite their high unmet needs, the development of diagnostics and therapeutics has only made slow progress. This is due to limited evidence on the biological basis of these disorders in humans. Synapses are essential structural units of neurotransmission, and neuropsychiatric disorders are considered as "synapse diseases". Thus, a translational approach with synaptic physiology is crucial to tackle these disorders. Among a variety of synapses, excitatory glutamatergic synapses play central roles in neuronal functions. The glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is a principal component of glutamatergic neurotransmission; therefore, it is considered to be a promising translational target. Here, we review the limitations of current diagnostics and therapeutics of neuropsychiatric disorders and advocate the urgent need for the promotion of translational medicine based on the synaptic physiology of AMPAR. Furthermore, we introduce our recent translational approach to these disorders by targeting at AMPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki MIYAZAKI
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki ABE
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki UCHIDA
- Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya TAKAHASHI
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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214
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Khan R, Kulasiri D, Samarasinghe S. Functional repertoire of protein kinases and phosphatases in synaptic plasticity and associated neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1150-1157. [PMID: 33269764 PMCID: PMC8224123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are two essential and vital cellular mechanisms that regulate many receptors and enzymes through kinases and phosphatases. Ca2+- dependent kinases and phosphatases are responsible for controlling neuronal processing; balance is achieved through opposition. During molecular mechanisms of learning and memory, kinases generally modulate positively while phosphatases modulate negatively. This review outlines some of the critical physiological and structural aspects of kinases and phosphatases involved in maintaining postsynaptic structural plasticity. It also explores the link between neuronal disorders and the deregulation of phosphatases and kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Khan
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Don Kulasiri
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Samarasinghe
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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215
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Chen S, Wang Y, Wang X, He M, Zhang L, Dong Z. PKA-Dependent Membrane Surface Recruitment of CI-AMPARs Is Crucial for BCP-Mediated Protection Against Post-acute Ischemic Stroke Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2020; 11:566067. [PMID: 33391143 PMCID: PMC7772322 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.566067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-acute ischemic stroke cognitive impairment frequently occurs and seriously affects patients daily activities. Recruitment of GluA2-containing Ca2+-impermeable AMPA receptors (CI-AMPARs) to hippocampal synaptic membrane surfaces was shown to trigger synaptic plasticity. Currently, the effect of CI-AMPAR trafficking on acute ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) has been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism has not been characterized. In this study, a 60-min temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established to simulate the pathology of acute ischemic stroke. BCP reduced neurologic deficits, cerebral infarct volume, and pathological damage in MCAO mice and caused CI-AMPARs to translocate to synaptic membranes in the hippocampus; surface expression of CI-AMPARs was also decreased in MCAO mice. Furthermore, this study also showed that BCP treatment significantly activated the cAMP/PKA pathway, which is consistent with the synaptic membrane expression of CI-AMPARs. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, the PKA inhibitor H-89 was used to study the role of BCP in MCAO mice. Interestingly, H-89 treatment significantly disrupted the BCP-mediated facilitation of CI-AMPAR translocation to the synaptic membrane surface and substantially attenuated BCP-induced protection against acute ischemic stroke. Additionally, inhibition the cAMP/PKA pathway not only reduced BCP-induced inhibition of AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in the hippocampal CA1 region but also decreased the effect of BCP-mediated protection against post-acute ischemic stroke cognitive impairment. Taken together, these data indicate that PKA-dependent synaptic membrane surface recruitment of CI-AMPARs is crucial for the neuroprotective effect of BCP against acute ischemic stroke and protection against post-acute ischemic stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute of Surgery Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng He
- Laboratory Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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216
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Zhao K, Hong H, Zhao L, Huang S, Gao Y, Metwally E, Jiang Y, Sigrist SJ, Zhang YQ. Postsynaptic cAMP signalling regulates the antagonistic balance of Drosophila glutamate receptor subtypes. Development 2020; 147:226061. [PMID: 33234716 PMCID: PMC7758632 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The balance among different subtypes of glutamate receptors (GluRs) is crucial for synaptic function and plasticity at excitatory synapses. However, the mechanisms balancing synaptic GluR subtypes remain unclear. Herein, we show that the two subtypes of GluRs (A and B) expressed at Drosophila neuromuscular junction synapses mutually antagonize each other in terms of their relative synaptic levels and affect subsynaptic localization of each other, as shown by super-resolution microscopy. Upon temperature shift-induced neuromuscular junction plasticity, GluR subtype A increased but subtype B decreased with a timecourse of hours. Inhibition of the activity of GluR subtype A led to imbalance of GluR subtypes towards more GluRIIA. To gain a better understanding of the signalling pathways underlying the balance of GluR subtypes, we performed an RNA interference screen of candidate genes and found that postsynaptic-specific knockdown of dunce, which encodes cAMP phosphodiesterase, increased levels of GluR subtype A but decreased subtype B. Furthermore, bidirectional alterations of postsynaptic cAMP signalling resulted in the same antagonistic regulation of the two GluR subtypes. Our findings thus identify a direct role of postsynaptic cAMP signalling in control of the plasticity-related balance of GluRs. Summary: The antagonistic balance of GluR subtypes, which is associated with synaptic plasticity, is regulated by cAMP signalling in postsynaptic muscles of Drosophila NMJ synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huilin Hong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology/Genetics, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology/Genetics, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure, Charite, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yong Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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217
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Spiegel I. Experience-regulated molecular mechanisms in cortical GABAergic interneurons: from cellular functions to control over circuit plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 67:145-154. [PMID: 33316573 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Experience-induced changes in GABAergic interneurons (INs) are thought to control the plasticity of neural circuits in the developing and adult cortex. However, it remains poorly understood how experience and the ensuing neuronal activity alter the properties and connectivity of specific IN subtypes and how these cellular changes, in turn, control the plasticity of cortical circuits. Here, I discuss recent experimental and theoretical studies that point to specific experience-induced changes in select IN subtypes as central regulators of plasticity in the cortex. In particular, I focus on the recent identification of several experience-regulated secreted molecules that modulate specific sets of synapses in IN subtypes. I argue that elucidating these molecular mechanisms will allow us to test experimentally the predictions made by theoretical models about the plasticity functions of specific IN subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Spiegel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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218
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Wright WJ, Dong Y. Psychostimulant-Induced Adaptations in Nucleus Accumbens Glutamatergic Transmission. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a039255. [PMID: 31964644 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carrying different aspects of emotional and motivational signals, glutamatergic synaptic projections from multiple limbic and paralimbic brain regions converge to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), in which these arousing signals are processed and prioritized for behavioral output. In animal models of drug addiction, some key drug-induced alterations at NAc glutamatergic synapses underlie important cellular and circuit mechanisms that promote subsequent drug taking, seeking, and relapse. With the focus of cocaine, we review changes at NAc glutamatergic synapses that occur after different drug procedures and abstinence durations, and the behavioral impact of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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219
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Papp M, Gruca P, Lason M, Litwa E, Solecki W, Willner P. AMPA receptors mediate the pro-cognitive effects of electrical and optogenetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in antidepressant non-responsive Wistar-Kyoto rats. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1418-1430. [PMID: 33200659 PMCID: PMC7708672 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120967857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure is a widely used animal model of depression, and its application in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats has been validated as a model of antidepressant-refractory depression. While not responding to chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs, WKY rats do respond to acute deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In antidepressant-responsive strains there is evidence suggesting a role for AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor in the action mechanism of both antidepressants and DBS. METHODS Animals were subjected to CMS for 6 to 8 weeks; sucrose intake was monitored weekly and novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted following recovery from CMS. Wistars were treated chronically with venlafaxine (VEN), while WKY were treated acutely with either DBS, optogenetic stimulation (OGS) of virally-transduced (AAV5-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP) mPFC or ventral hippocampus, or acute intra-mPFC injection of the AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator CX-516. The AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX was administered, at identical sites in mPFC, immediately following the exposure trial in the NOR. RESULTS Sucrose intake and NOR were suppressed by CMS, and restored by VEN in Wistars and by DBS, OGS, or CX-516 in WKY. However, OGS of the ventral hippocampal afferents to mPFC was ineffective. A low dose of NBQX selectively blocked the procognitive effect of VEN, DBS and OGS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activation of AMPA receptors in the mPFC represents a common pathway for the antidepressant effects of both conventional (VEN) and novel (DBS, OGS) antidepressant modalities, in both antidepressant responsive (Wistar) and antidepressant-resistant (WKY) rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Papp
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland,Mariusz Papp, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, Krakow, 31-343, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lason
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Litwa
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solecki
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paul Willner
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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220
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Qu W, Yuan B, Liu J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Cui R, Yang W, Li B. Emerging role of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in synaptic plasticity: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12959. [PMID: 33188547 PMCID: PMC7791177 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that GluA1 mediated synaptic plasticity plays a central role in the early development of AD. The complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable GluA1‐related synaptic regulation remain to fully understood. Particularly, understanding the mechanisms that disrupt GluA1 related synaptic plasticity is central to the development of disease‐modifying therapies which are sorely needed as the incidence of AD rises. We surmise that the published evidence establishes deficits in synaptic plasticity as a central factor of AD aetiology. We additionally highlight potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD, and we delve into the roles of GluA1 in learning and memory. Particularly, we review the current understanding of the molecular interactions that confer the actions of this ubiquitous excitatory receptor subunit including post‐translational modification and accessory protein recruitment of the GluA1 subunit. These are proposed to regulate receptor trafficking, recycling, channel conductance and synaptic transmission and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoming Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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221
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Ben Zablah Y, Merovitch N, Jia Z. The Role of ADF/Cofilin in Synaptic Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594998. [PMID: 33282872 PMCID: PMC7688896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins, are critical for the regulation of actin reorganization in response to various signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that ADF/cofilin also play important roles in neuronal structure and function, including long-term potentiation and depression. These are the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and are widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. ADF/cofilin regulate synaptic function through their effects on dendritic spines and the trafficking of glutamate receptors, the principal mediator of excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrates. Regulation of ADF/cofilin involves various signaling pathways converging on LIM domain kinases and slingshot phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate ADF/cofilin, respectively. Actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin activity is also regulated by other actin-binding proteins, activity-dependent subcellular distribution and protein translation. Abnormalities in ADF/cofilin have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, investigating the roles of ADF/cofilin in the brain is not only important for understanding the fundamental processes governing neuronal structure and function, but also may provide potential therapeutic strategies to treat brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssif Ben Zablah
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Merovitch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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222
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Takagi S, Balu DT, Coyle JT. Factors regulating serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase expression in the mouse striatum. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147202. [PMID: 33171153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
d-Serine plays an important role in modulating N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) neurotransmission in the mammalian brain by binding to the receptor's glycine modulatory site (GMS). The cytosolic enzyme serine racemase (SR) converts L-serine to d-serine, while the peroxisomal enzyme d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) catalyzes the breakdown of d-serine. Although it is important to understand how the activities of SR and DAAO regulate d-serine levels, very little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of SR and DAAO. In this study, we investigated whether the different centrally active drugs affect the expression of SR and DAAO in adult mouse brain. We found that the NMDAR antagonist, MK801, and cocaine, psychotropic drugs that both augment glutamate release, reduce the expression of SR and DAAO. This regulation is brain region selective, and in the case of cocaine, is reversed in part byα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) antagonist 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX). However, d-serine and antipsychotics do not regulate SR and DAAO protein levels. In a genetic model of SR disruption, we found that DAAO expression was unaltered in SR conditional knockout mice, in which tissue d-serine content remains fairly stable despite marked reduction in SR expression. This study reveals a new mechanism by which AMPAR activity could regulate NMDAR function via d-serine availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Takagi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Darrick T Balu
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Joseph T Coyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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223
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Liu A, Ji H, Ren Q, Meng Y, Zhang H, Collingride G, Xie W, Jia Z. The Requirement of the C-Terminal Domain of GluA1 in Different Forms of Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus Is Age-Dependent. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:588785. [PMID: 33192442 PMCID: PMC7661473 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.588785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic synapses is an extensively studied form of long-lasting synaptic plasticity widely regarded as the cellular basis for learning and memory. At the CA1 synapse, there are multiple forms of LTP with distinct properties. Although AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are a key target of LTP expression, whether they are required in all forms of LTP remains unclear. To address this question, we have used our recently developed mouse line, GluA1C2KI, where the c-terminal domain (CTD) of the endogenous GluA1 is replaced by that of GluA2. Unlike traditional GluA1 global or conditional KO mice, GluA1C2KI mice have no changes in basal AMPAR properties or synaptic transmission allowing a better assessment of GluA1 in synaptic plasticity. We previously showed that these mice are impaired in LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS-LTP), but whether other forms of LTP are also affected in these mice is unknown. In this study, we compared various forms of LTP at CA1 synapses between GluA1C2KI and wild-type littermates by using several induction protocols. We show that HFS-LTP is impaired in both juvenile and adult GluA1C2KI mice. The LTP induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS-LTP) is also abolished in juvenile GluA1C2KI mice. Interestingly, TBS-LTP can still be induced in adult GluA1C2KI mice, but its mechanisms are altered becoming more sensitive to protein synthesis and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors compared to wild type (WT) control. The GluA1C2KI mice are also differentially altered in several forms of LTP induced under whole-cell recording paradigms. These results indicate that the CTD of GluA1 is differentially involved in different forms of LTP at CA1 synapse highlighting the complexity and adaptative potential of LTP expression mechanisms in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanghong Meng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haiwang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham Collingride
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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224
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Gomes TM, Dias da Silva D, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Silva JP. Epigenetics and the endocannabinoid system signaling: An intricate interplay modulating neurodevelopment. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105237. [PMID: 33053442 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a complex system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), their synthesis and degradation enzymes, and cannabinoid receptors. These elements crucially regulate several biological processes during neurodevelopment, such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Recently, eCBs were also reported to have an epigenetic action on genes that play key functions in the neurotransmitter signaling, consequently regulating their expression. In turn, epigenetic modifications (e.g. DNA methylation, histone modifications) may also modulate the function of eCB system's elements. For example, the expression of the cnr gene in the central nervous system may be epigenetically regulated (e.g. DNA methylation, histone modifications), thus altering the function of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R). Considering the importance of the eCB system during neurodevelopment, it is thus reasonable to expect that alterations in this interaction between the eCB system and epigenetic modifications may give rise to neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we review key concepts related to the regulation of neuronal function by the eCB system and the different types of epigenetic modifications. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms involved in the intricate interplay between both signaling systems and how they control cell fate during neurodevelopment. Noteworthy, such mechanistic understanding assumes high relevance considering the implications of the dysregulation of key neurogenic processes towards the onset of neurodevelopment-related disorders. Moreover, considering the increasing popularity of cannabis and its synthetic derivatives among young adults, it becomes of utmost importance to understand how exogenous cannabinoids may epigenetically impact neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Marisa Gomes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Pedro Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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225
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Dolgacheva LP, Tuleukhanov ST, Zinchenko VP. Participation of Ca2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors in Synaptic Plasticity. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747820030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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226
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Abstract
Hebbian plasticity is a key mechanism for higher brain functions, such as learning and memory. This form of synaptic plasticity primarily involves the regulation of synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) abundance and properties, whereby AMPARs are inserted into synapses during long-term potentiation (LTP) or removed during long-term depression (LTD). The molecular mechanisms underlying AMPAR trafficking remain elusive, however. Here we show that glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), an AMPAR-binding protein shown to regulate the trafficking and synaptic targeting of AMPARs, is required for LTP and learning and memory. GRIP1 is recruited into synapses during LTP, and deletion of Grip1 in neurons blocks synaptic AMPAR accumulation induced by glycine-mediated depolarization. In addition, Grip1 knockout mice exhibit impaired hippocampal LTP, as well as deficits in learning and memory. Mechanistically, we find that phosphorylation of serine-880 of the GluA2 AMPAR subunit (GluA2-S880) is decreased while phosphorylation of tyrosine-876 on GluA2 (GluA2-Y876) is elevated during chemically induced LTP. This enhances the strength of the GRIP1-AMPAR association and, subsequently, the insertion of AMPARs into the postsynaptic membrane. Together, these results demonstrate an essential role of GRIP1 in regulating AMPAR trafficking during synaptic plasticity and learning and memory.
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227
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Widagdo J, Kerk JW, Guntupalli S, Huganir RL, Anggono V. Subunit-Specific Augmentation of AMPA Receptor Ubiquitination by Phorbol Ester. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1213-1222. [PMID: 32052226 PMCID: PMC7423626 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory neurotransmission relies on the precise targeting of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors to the neuronal plasma membrane. Activity-dependent ubiquitination of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits sorts internalised receptors to late endosomes for degradation, which ultimately determines the number of AMPARs on neuronal membrane. Our recent study has demonstrated a functional cross-talk between the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the GluA1 subunit in mammalian central neurons. However, the existence of such a cross modulation for the GluA2 subunit remains unknown. Here, we have shown that bicuculline induced GluA2 ubiquitination on the same lysine residues (Lys-870 and Lys-882) in the C-terminal as those elicited by the AMPA treatment. Interestingly, bicuculline-induced ubiquitination was markedly enhanced by the phospho-mimetic GluA2 S880E mutant. Pharmacological activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester, which mediates the phosphorylation of GluA2 at Ser-880, augmented bicuculline-induced ubiquitination of GluA2 in cultured neurons. This effect was specific for the GluA2 subunit because phorbol ester did not alter the level of GluA1 ubiquitination. However, phorbol ester-induced enhancement of GluA2 ubiquitination did not require Ser-880 phosphorylation. This suggests that pseudo-phosphorylation of Ser-880 is sufficient but is not necessary for the augmentation of bicuculline-induced GluA2 ubiquitination. Collectively, these data provide the first demonstration of subunit-specific modulation of AMPAR ubiquitination by the PKC-dependent signalling pathway in mammalian central neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Widagdo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Wei Kerk
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sumasri Guntupalli
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Victor Anggono
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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228
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Cross-Talk between P2X and NMDA Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197187. [PMID: 33003406 PMCID: PMC7582700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic P2X receptors (P2X) are ATP-gated ion channels widely expressed in the CNS. While the direct contribution of P2X to synaptic transmission is uncertain, P2X reportedly affect N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity, which has given rise to competing theories on the role of P2X in the modulation of synapses. However, P2X have also been shown to participate in receptor cross-talk: an interaction where one receptor (e.g., P2X2) directly influences the activity of another (e.g., nicotinic, 5-HT3 or GABA receptors). In this study, we tested for interactions between P2X2 or P2X4 and NMDARs. Using two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology experiments in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we demonstrate that both P2X2 and P2X4 interact with NMDARs in an inhibited manner. When investigating the molecular domains responsible for this phenomenon, we found that the P2X2 c-terminus (CT) could interfere with both P2X2 and P2X4 interactions with NMDARs. We also report that 11 distal CT residues on the P2X4 facilitate the P2X4–NMDAR interaction, and that a peptide consisting of these P2X4 CT residues (11C) can disrupt the interaction between NMDARs and P2X2 or P2X4. Collectively, these results provide new evidence for the modulatory nature of P2X2 and P2X4, suggesting they might play a more nuanced role in the CNS.
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229
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An ultrasensitive biosensor for high-resolution kinase activity imaging in awake mice. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 17:39-46. [PMID: 32989297 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases control nearly every facet of cellular function. These key signaling nodes integrate diverse pathway inputs to regulate complex physiological processes, and aberrant kinase signaling is linked to numerous pathologies. While fluorescent protein-based biosensors have revolutionized the study of kinase signaling by allowing direct, spatiotemporally precise kinase activity measurements in living cells, powerful new molecular tools capable of robustly tracking kinase activity dynamics across diverse experimental contexts are needed to fully dissect the role of kinase signaling in physiology and disease. Here, we report the development of an ultrasensitive, second-generation excitation-ratiometric protein kinase A (PKA) activity reporter (ExRai-AKAR2), obtained via high-throughput linker library screening, that enables sensitive and rapid monitoring of live-cell PKA activity across multiple fluorescence detection modalities, including plate reading, cell sorting and one- or two-photon imaging. Notably, in vivo visual cortex imaging in awake mice reveals highly dynamic neuronal PKA activity rapidly recruited by forced locomotion.
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230
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The auxiliary glutamate receptor subunit dSol-1 promotes presynaptic neurotransmitter release and homeostatic potentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25830-25839. [PMID: 32973097 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915464117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic glutamate receptors (GluRs) modulate neurotransmitter release and are physiological targets for regulation during various forms of plasticity. Although much is known about the auxiliary subunits associated with postsynaptic GluRs, far less is understood about presynaptic auxiliary GluR subunits and their functions. At the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, a presynaptic GluR, DKaiR1D, localizes near active zones and operates as an autoreceptor to tune baseline transmission and enhance presynaptic neurotransmitter release in response to diminished postsynaptic GluR functionality, a process referred to as presynaptic homeostatic potentiation (PHP). Here, we identify an auxiliary subunit that collaborates with DKaiR1D to promote these synaptic functions. This subunit, dSol-1, is the homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans CUB (Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) domain protein Sol-1. We find that dSol-1 functions in neurons to facilitate baseline neurotransmission and to enable PHP expression, properties shared with DKaiR1D Intriguingly, presynaptic overexpression of dSol-1 is sufficient to enhance neurotransmitter release through a DKaiR1D-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, dSol-1 is necessary to rapidly increase the abundance of DKaiR1D receptors near active zones during homeostatic signaling. Together with recent work showing the CUB domain protein Neto2 is necessary for the homeostatic modulation of postsynaptic GluRs in mammals, our data demonstrate that dSol-1 is required for the homeostatic regulation of presynaptic GluRs. Thus, we propose that CUB domain proteins are fundamental homeostatic modulators of GluRs on both sides of the synapse.
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231
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Doser RL, Amberg GC, Hoerndli FJ. Reactive Oxygen Species Modulate Activity-Dependent AMPA Receptor Transport in C. elegans. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7405-7420. [PMID: 32847966 PMCID: PMC7511182 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0902-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMPA subtype of synaptic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) plays an essential role in cognition. Their function, numbers, and change at synapses during synaptic plasticity are tightly regulated by neuronal activity. Although we know that long-distance transport of AMPARs is essential for this regulation, we do not understand the associated regulatory mechanisms of it. Neuronal transmission is a metabolically demanding process in which ATP consumption and production are tightly coupled and regulated. Aerobic ATP synthesis unavoidably produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, which are known modulators of calcium signaling. Although a role for calcium signaling in AMPAR transport has been described, there is little understanding of the mechanisms involved and no known link to physiological ROS signaling. Here, using real-time in vivo imaging of AMPAR transport in the intact C. elegans nervous system, we demonstrate that long-distance synaptic AMPAR transport is bidirectionally regulated by calcium influx and activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Quantification of in vivo calcium dynamics revealed that modest, physiological increases in ROS decrease calcium transients in C. elegans glutamatergic neurons. By combining genetic and pharmacological manipulation of ROS levels and calcium influx, we reveal a mechanism in which physiological increases in ROS cause a decrease in synaptic AMPAR transport and delivery by modulating activity-dependent calcium signaling. Together, our results identify a novel role for oxidant signaling in the regulation of synaptic AMPAR transport and delivery, which in turn could be critical for coupling the metabolic demands of neuronal activity with excitatory neurotransmission.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic AMPARs are critical for excitatory synaptic transmission. The disruption of their synaptic localization and numbers is associated with numerous psychiatric, neurologic, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, very little is known about the regulatory mechanisms controlling transport and delivery of AMPAR to synapses. Here, we describe a novel physiological signaling mechanism in which ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, modulate AMPAR transport by modifying activity-dependent calcium signaling. Our findings provide the first evidence in support of a mechanistic link between physiological ROS signaling, AMPAR transport, localization, and excitatory transmission. This is of fundamental and clinical significance since dysregulation of intracellular calcium and ROS signaling is implicated in aging and the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Doser
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Gregory C Amberg
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Frederic J Hoerndli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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232
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Miyajima R, Sakai K, Otani Y, Wadatsu T, Sakata Y, Nishikawa Y, Tanaka M, Yamashita Y, Hayashi M, Kondo K, Hayashi T. Novel Tetrafunctional Probes Identify Target Receptors and Binding Sites of Small-Molecule Drugs from Living Systems. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2364-2373. [PMID: 32786265 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant advancement of chemoproteomics has contributed to uncovering the mechanism of action (MoA) of small-molecule drugs by characterizing drug-protein interactions in living systems. However, cell-membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels, due to their low abundance and unique biophysical properties associated with multiple transmembrane domains, can present challenges for proteome-wide mapping of drug-receptor interactions. Herein, we describe the development of novel tetrafunctional probes, consisting of (1) a ligand of interest, (2) 2-aryl-5-carboxytetrazole (ACT) as a photoreactive group, (3) a hydrazine-labile cleavable linker, and (4) biotin for enrichment. In live cell labeling studies, we demonstrated that the ACT-based probe showed superior reactivity and selectivity for labeling on-target GPCR by mass spectrometry analysis compared with control probes including diazirine-based probes. By leveraging ACT-based cleavable probes, we further identified a set of representative ionotropic receptors, targeted by CNS drugs, with remarkable selectivity and precise binding site information from mouse brain slices. We anticipate that the robust chemoproteomic platform using the ACT-based cleavable probe coupled with phenotypic screening should promote identification of pharmacologically relevant target receptors of drug candidates and ultimately development of first-in-class drugs with novel MoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Miyajima
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Koji Sakai
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Otani
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Wadatsu
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Sakata
- The Time-Limited Research Project for MSM, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishikawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yu Yamashita
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Mikayo Hayashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kondo
- Pharmaceutical Business Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
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233
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Montenegro-Garreaud X, Hansen AW, Khayat MM, Chander V, Grochowski CM, Jiang Y, Li H, Mitani T, Kessler E, Jayaseelan J, Shen H, Gezdirici A, Pehlivan D, Meng Q, Rosenfeld JA, Jhangiani SN, Madan-Khetarpal S, Scott DA, Abarca-Barriga H, Trubnykova M, Gingras MC, Muzny DM, Posey JE, Liu P, Lupski JR, Gibbs RA. Phenotypic expansion in KIF1A-related dominant disorders: A description of novel variants and review of published cases. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:2094-2104. [PMID: 32935419 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
KIF1A is a molecular motor for membrane-bound cargo important to the development and survival of sensory neurons. KIF1A dysfunction has been associated with several Mendelian disorders with a spectrum of overlapping phenotypes, ranging from spastic paraplegia to intellectual disability. We present a novel pathogenic in-frame deletion in the KIF1A molecular motor domain inherited by two affected siblings from an unaffected mother with apparent germline mosaicism. We identified eight additional cases with heterozygous, pathogenic KIF1A variants ascertained from a local data lake. Our data provide evidence for the expansion of KIF1A-associated phenotypes to include hip subluxation and dystonia as well as phenotypes observed in only a single case: gelastic cataplexy, coxa valga, and double collecting system. We review the literature and suggest that KIF1A dysfunction is better understood as a single neuromuscular disorder with variable involvement of other organ systems than a set of discrete disorders converging at a single locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Montenegro-Garreaud
- Servicio de Genética y Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú.,División de Investigación, Instituto de Medicina Genética, Lima, Perú.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adam W Hansen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael M Khayat
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varuna Chander
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yunyun Jiang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elena Kessler
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joy Jayaseelan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hugo Abarca-Barriga
- Servicio de Genética y Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Milana Trubnykova
- Servicio de Genética y Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú.,Area Preclínica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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234
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Asih PR, Prikas E, Stefanoska K, Tan ARP, Ahel HI, Ittner A. Functions of p38 MAP Kinases in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:570586. [PMID: 33013322 PMCID: PMC7509416 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.570586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions of p38 MAP kinases in cells of the central nervous system. Unique and specific functions of the four mammalian p38 kinases are found in all major cell types in the brain. Mechanisms of p38 activation and downstream phosphorylation substrates in these different contexts are outlined and how they contribute to functions of p38 in physiological and under disease conditions. Results in different model organisms demonstrated that p38 kinases are involved in cognitive functions, including functions related to anxiety, addiction behavior, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and decision making. Finally, the role of p38 kinases in psychiatric and neurological conditions and the current progress on therapeutic inhibitors targeting p38 kinases are covered and implicate p38 kinases in a multitude of CNS-related physiological and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R Asih
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda R P Tan
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly I Ahel
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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235
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Miraucourt LS, Accardi MV, Asin KE, Pugsley MK, Curtis MJ, Authier S. The application of electrophysiological methods to characterize AMPA receptors in dissociated adult rat and non-human primate cerebellar neurons for use in neuronal safety pharmacology assessments of the central nervous system. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 105:106883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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236
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Al-Chami A, Ross A, Hayley S, Sun H. Early life stress facilitates synapse premature unsilencing to enhance AMPA receptor function in the developing hippocampus. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:815-821. [PMID: 32783592 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00339.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic early life stress (ELS) increases vulnerability to psychopathologies and cognitive deficits in adulthood by disrupting the function of related neural circuits. However, whether this disruption emerges early in the developing brain remains largely unexplored. In the current study, using an established limited-bedding and nesting model of ELS in postnatal day (P)2-10 mice, we provide direct evidence that ELS caused early modification of hippocampal glutamatergic synapses in the developing brain. We demonstrated that ELS induced rapid enhancement of AMPA receptor function in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons through a postsynaptic mechanism, and importantly, this was associated with premature unsilencing of NMDA receptor-only silent hippocampal synapses. These results suggest that potentiation of AMPAR function may represent an early mediator of ELS-induced alterations of neural networks in the developing brain and may potentially contribute to subsequent cognitive impairments later in life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Early life stress (ELS) is known to increase the risk of later life cognitive deficits by disrupting neural circuit function. However, whether this disruption emerges early in the developing brain remains largely unexplored. The current study presents direct evidence that ELS prematurely unsilences hippocampal synapses to enhance AMPA receptor functions in a limited-bedding and nesting model, revealing an early mediator of ELS-induced neural circuit reorganizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aycheh Al-Chami
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alysia Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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237
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Zhang J, Li J, Yin Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Cha C, Guo G. Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 and Endophilin2 Coordinate Regulation of AMPA Receptor GluA1 Subunit Recycling. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:128. [PMID: 32848595 PMCID: PMC7417516 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs), which enables the endocytosis, recycling, and exocytosis of AMPARs, is crucial for synaptic plasticity. Endophilin2, which directly interacts with the GluA1 subunit of AMPARs, plays an important role in AMPAR endocytosis. Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) promotes the maturation of the dendritic spine and can transfer AMPARs to the membrane. Although the mechanisms of AMPAR endocytosis and exocytosis are well known, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying AMPAR recycling remain unclear. Here, we report a unique interaction between CRMP2 and endophilin2. Our results showed that overexpression of CRMP2 and endophilin2 increased the amplitude and frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) and modestly enhanced AMPAR levels in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the CRMP2 and endophilin2 overexpression phenotype failed to occur when the interaction between these two proteins was inhibited. Further analysis revealed that this interaction was regulated by CRMP2 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of CRMP2 inhibited its interaction with endophilin2; this was mainly affected by the phosphorylation of Thr514 and Ser518 by glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β. CRMP2 phosphorylation increased degradation and inhibited the surface expression of AMPAR GluA1 subunits in cultured hippocampal neurons. However, the dephosphorylation of CRMP2 inhibited degradation and promoted the surface expression of AMPAR GluA1 subunits in cultured hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the interaction between CRMP2 and endophilin2 was conductive to the recycling of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunits in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Yin
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Caihui Cha
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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238
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Folci A, Mirabella F, Fossati M. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins in the Critical Equilibrium between Synapse Physiology and Intellectual Disability. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0137-20.2020. [PMID: 32719102 PMCID: PMC7544190 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0137-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent a dynamic regulatory system that precisely modulates the functional organization of synapses. PTMs consist in target modifications by small chemical moieties or conjugation of lipids, sugars or polypeptides. Among them, ubiquitin and a large family of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) share several features such as the structure of the small protein modifiers, the enzymatic cascades mediating the conjugation process, and the targeted aminoacidic residue. In the brain, ubiquitination and two UBLs, namely sumoylation and the recently discovered neddylation orchestrate fundamental processes including synapse formation, maturation and plasticity, and their alteration is thought to contribute to the development of neurological disorders. Remarkably, emerging evidence suggests that these pathways tightly interplay to modulate the function of several proteins that possess pivotal roles for brain homeostasis as well as failure of this crosstalk seems to be implicated in the development of brain pathologies. In this review, we outline the role of ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation, and their functional interplay in synapse physiology and discuss their implication in the molecular pathogenesis of intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disorder that is frequently comorbid with a wide spectrum of brain pathologies. Finally, we propose a few outlooks that might contribute to better understand the complexity of these regulatory systems in regard to neuronal circuit pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Folci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Filippo Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve 9 Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Fossati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
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239
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Rho GTPases in the Amygdala-A Switch for Fears? Cells 2020; 9:cells9091972. [PMID: 32858950 PMCID: PMC7563696 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear is a fundamental evolutionary process for survival. However, excess or irrational fear hampers normal activity and leads to phobia. The amygdala is the primary brain region associated with fear learning and conditioning. There, Rho GTPases are molecular switches that act as signaling molecules for further downstream processes that modulate, among others, dendritic spine morphogenesis and thereby play a role in fear conditioning. The three main Rho GTPases—RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, together with their modulators, are known to be involved in many psychiatric disorders that affect the amygdala′s fear conditioning mechanism. Rich2, a RhoGAP mainly for Rac1 and Cdc42, has been studied extensively in such regard. Here, we will discuss these effectors, along with Rich2, as a molecular switch for fears, especially in the amygdala. Understanding the role of Rho GTPases in fear controlling could be beneficial for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting conditions with abnormal fear/anxiety-like behaviors.
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240
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Wei M, Wang M, Wang J, Su F, Wang Y, Sun M, Wang S, Liu M, Wang H, Lu M, Li W, Gong Y, Yang L, Zhang C. PORCN Negatively Regulates AMPAR Function Independently of Subunit Composition and the Amino-Terminal and Carboxy-Terminal Domains of AMPARs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:829. [PMID: 32984326 PMCID: PMC7477090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most fast excitatory synaptic transmissions in the mammalian brain are mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs), which are ligand-gated cation channels. The membrane expression level of AMPARs is largely determined by auxiliary subunits in AMPAR macromolecules, including porcupine O-acyltransferase (PORCN), which negatively regulates AMPAR trafficking to the plasma membrane. However, whether PORCN-mediated regulation depends on AMPAR subunit composition or particular regions of a subunit has not been determined. We systematically examined the effects of PORCN on the ligand-gated current and surface expression level of GluA1, GluA2, and GluA3 AMPAR subunits, alone and in combination, as well as the PORCN-GluA interaction in heterologous HEK293T cells. PORCN inhibited glutamate-induced currents and the surface expression of investigated GluA AMPAR subunits in a subunit-independent manner. These inhibitory effects required neither the amino-terminal domain (ATD) nor the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of GluA subunits. In addition, PORCN interacted with AMPARs independently of their ATD or CTD. Thus, the functional inhibition of AMPARs by PORCN in transfected heterologous cells was independent of the ATD, CTD, and subunit composition of AMPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Wei
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangzhen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengna Liu
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutian Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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241
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Díaz-Alonso J, Morishita W, Incontro S, Simms J, Holtzman J, Gill M, Mucke L, Malenka RC, Nicoll RA. Long-term potentiation is independent of the C-tail of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit. eLife 2020; 9:e58042. [PMID: 32831170 PMCID: PMC7500950 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the proposal that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the AMPAR subunit GluA1 is required for LTP. We found that a knock-in mouse lacking the CTD of GluA1 expresses normal LTP and spatial memory, assayed by the Morris water maze. Our results support a model in which LTP generates synaptic slots, which capture passively diffusing AMPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Díaz-Alonso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Wade Morishita
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Salvatore Incontro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Simms
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Julia Holtzman
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michael Gill
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Roger A Nicoll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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242
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Ve H, Cabana VC, Gouspillou G, Lussier MP. Quantitative Immunoblotting Analyses Reveal that the Abundance of Actin, Tubulin, Synaptophysin and EEA1 Proteins is Altered in the Brains of Aged Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 442:100-113. [PMID: 32652177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Optimal synaptic activity is essential for cognitive function, including memory and learning. Evidence indicates that cognitive decline in elderly individuals is associated with altered synaptic function. However, the impact of aging on the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and accessory proteins in brain synapses remains unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the effect of aging on the mouse brain by utilizing a subcellular brain tissue fractionation procedure to measure protein abundance using quantitative Western Blotting. Comparing 7-month- (control) and 22-month- (aged) old mouse tissue, no significant differences were identified in the levels of AMPA receptor subunits between the experimental groups. The abundance of GluN2B NMDA receptor subunits decreased in aged mice, whereas the levels of GluN2A did not change. The analysis of cytoskeletal proteins showed an altered level of actin and tubulin in aged mice while PSD-95 protein did not change. Vesicle protein analysis revealed that synaptophysin abundance is decreased in older brains whereas EEA1 was significantly increased. Thus, our results suggest that physiological aging profoundly impacts the abundance of molecules associated with neurotransmitter release and vesicle cycling, proteins implicated in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Ve
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines, Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie C Cabana
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines, Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines, Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc P Lussier
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines, Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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243
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Schwenk J, Fakler B. Building of AMPA‐type glutamate receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum and its implication for excitatory neurotransmission. J Physiol 2020; 599:2639-2653. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Schwenk
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Hermann‐Herder‐Str. 7 Freiburg 79104 Germany
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Hermann‐Herder‐Str. 7 Freiburg 79104 Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS Schänzlestr. 18 Freiburg 79104 Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation Breisacherstr. 4 Freiburg 79106 Germany
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244
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Twenty Years of SynGAP Research: From Synapses to Cognition. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1596-1605. [PMID: 32075947 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0420-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SynGAP is a potent regulator of biochemical signaling in neurons and plays critical roles in neuronal function. It was first identified in 1998, and has since been extensively characterized as a mediator of synaptic plasticity. Because of its involvement in synaptic plasticity, SynGAP has emerged as a critical protein for normal cognitive function. In recent years, mutations in the SYNGAP1 gene have been shown to cause intellectual disability in humans and have been linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. While the structure and biochemical function of SynGAP have been well characterized, a unified understanding of the various roles of SynGAP at the synapse and its contributions to neuronal function remains to be achieved. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the multifactorial role of SynGAP in regulating neuronal function gathered over the last two decades.
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245
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NACHO Engages N-Glycosylation ER Chaperone Pathways for α7 Nicotinic Receptor Assembly. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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246
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Wu X, Cai Q, Feng Z, Zhang M. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Neuronal Development and Synaptic Signaling. Dev Cell 2020; 55:18-29. [PMID: 32726576 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Formation of biomolecular condensates that are not enclosed by membranes via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a general strategy that cells adopt to organize membraneless subcellular compartments for diverse functions. Neurons are highly polarized with elaborate branching and functional compartmentalization of their neurites, thus, raising additional demand for the proper subcellular localization of both membraneless and membrane-based organelles. Recent studies have provided evidence that several protein assemblies involved in the establishment of neuronal stem cell (NSC) polarity and in the asymmetric division of NSCs form distinct molecular condensates via LLPS. In synapses of adult neurons, molecular apparatuses controlling presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic signaling transmission are also likely formed via LLPS. These molecular condensates, though not enclosed by lipid bilayers, directly associate with plasma membranes or membrane-based organelles, indicating that direct communication between membraneless and membrane-based organelles is a common theme in neurons and other types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandeng Wu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qixu Cai
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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247
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Jacobi E, Engelhardt J. Modulation of information processing by AMPA receptor auxiliary subunits. J Physiol 2020; 599:471-483. [DOI: 10.1113/jp276698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jacobi
- Institute of Pathophysiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Jakob Engelhardt
- Institute of Pathophysiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
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248
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Distinct Cell Surface Expression Patterns of N-Glycosylation Site Mutants of AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor under the Homo-Oligomeric Expression Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145101. [PMID: 32707739 PMCID: PMC7404163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) is a homotetrameric or heterotetrameric ion channel composed of various combinations of four subunits (GluA1–4), and its abundance in the synapse determines the strength of synaptic activity. The formation of oligomers in the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) is crucial for AMPAR subunits’ ER-exit and translocation to the cell membrane. Although N-glycosylation on different AMPAR subunits has been shown to regulate the ER-exit of hetero-oligomers, its role in the ER-exit of homo-oligomers remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of N-glycans at GluA1N63/N363 and GluA2N370 in ER-exit under the homo-oligomeric expression conditions, whose mutants are known to show low cell surface expressions. In contrast to the N-glycosylation site mutant GluA1N63Q, the cell surface expression levels of GluA1N363Q and GluA2N370Q increased in a time-dependent manner. Unlike wild-type (WT) GluA1, GluA2WT rescued surface GluA2N370Q expression. Additionally, the expression of GluA1N63Q reduced the cell surface expression level of GluA1WT. In conclusion, our findings suggest that these N-glycans have distinct roles in the ER-exit of GluA1 and GluA2 homo-oligomers; N-glycan at GluA1N63 is a prerequisite for GluA1 ER-exit, whereas N-glycans at GluA1N363 and GluA2N370 control the ER-exit rate.
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249
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Kokolaki ML, Fauquier A, Renner M. Molecular Crowding and Diffusion-Capture in Synapses. iScience 2020; 23:101382. [PMID: 32739837 PMCID: PMC7399191 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membranes often contain domains with important physiological functions. A typical example are neuronal synapses, whose capacity to capture receptors for neurotransmitters is central to neuronal functions. Receptors diffuse in the membrane until they are stabilized by interactions with stable elements, the scaffold. Single particle tracking experiments demonstrated that these interactions are rather weak and that lateral diffusion is strongly impaired in the post-synaptic membrane due to molecular crowding. We investigated how the distribution of scaffolding molecules and molecular crowding affect the capture of receptors. In particle-based Monte Carlo simulations, based on experimental data of molecular diffusion and organization, crowding enhanced the receptor-scaffold interaction but reduced the capture of new molecules. The distribution of scaffolding sites in several clusters reduced crowding and fostered the exchange of molecules accelerating synaptic plasticity. Synapses could switch between two regimes, becoming more stable or more plastic depending on the internal distribution of molecules. The good: molecular crowding enhances the interaction receptors-scaffold The bad: the exchange of molecules with extrasynaptic areas is reduced by crowding Molecular crowding helps synapses to be stable Nanoclusters of scaffold sites reduce crowding effects and favor synaptic plasticity
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélien Fauquier
- Sorbonne Université UMR-S 1270 INSERM, Institut du Fer à Moulin (IFM), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marianne Renner
- Sorbonne Université UMR-S 1270 INSERM, Institut du Fer à Moulin (IFM), 75005 Paris, France.
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250
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Qu WR, Sun QH, Liu QQ, Jin HJ, Cui RJ, Yang W, Song DB, Li BJ. Role of CPEB3 protein in learning and memory: new insights from synaptic plasticity. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15169-15182. [PMID: 32619199 PMCID: PMC7425470 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding (CPEB) protein family have demonstrated a crucial role for establishing synaptic plasticity and memory in model organisms. In this review, we outline evidence for CPEB3 as a crucial regulator of learning and memory, citing evidence from behavioral, electrophysiological and morphological studies. Subsequently, the regulatory role of CPEB3 is addressed in the context of the plasticity-related proteins, including AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits, actin, and the synaptic scaffolding protein PSD95. Finally, we delve into some of the more well-studied molecular mechanisms that guide the functionality of this dynamic regulator both during synaptic stimulation and in its basal state, including a variety of upstream regulators, post-translational modifications, and important structural domains that confer the unique properties of CPEB3. Collectively, this review offers a comprehensive view of the regulatory layers that allow a pathway for CPEB3’s maintenance of translational control that guides the necessary protein changes required for the establishment and maintenance of lasting synaptic plasticity and ultimately, long term learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Rui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Han Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Qian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Juan Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - De Biao Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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