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Molecular mechanisms involved in plant photoprotection. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:467-482. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen. When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can cause photo-oxidative damage and decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis because of photoinhibition. Plants have evolved many photoprotective mechanisms in order to face reactive oxygen species production and thus avoid photoinhibition. These mechanisms include quenching of singlet and triplet excited states of chlorophyll, synthesis of antioxidant molecules and enzymes and repair processes for damaged photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers. This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in photoprotection of chloroplasts through dissipation of energy absorbed in excess.
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202
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Triemer S, Gilmore K, Vu GT, Seeberger PH, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Wirklich grüne Synthese von Artemisinin aus Pflanzenextrakt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Triemer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme; Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Giang T. Vu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme; Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Berlin Deutschland
| | - Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern
- Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme; Magdeburg Deutschland
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität; Institut für Verfahrenstechnik; Magdeburg Deutschland
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203
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Triemer S, Gilmore K, Vu GT, Seeberger PH, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Literally Green Chemical Synthesis of Artemisinin from Plant Extracts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5525-5528. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Triemer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Giang T. Vu
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry; Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität; Institute of Process Engineering; Magdeburg Germany
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204
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Izquieta-Rojano S, López-Aizpún M, Irigoyen JJ, Santamaría JM, Santamaría C, Lasheras E, Ochoa-Hueso R, Elustondo D. Eco-physiological response of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. to increased atmospheric ammonia concentrations in a forest agrosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:883-895. [PMID: 29734634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions are linked to eutrophication, plant toxicity and ecosystem shifts from N to P limitation. Bryophytes are key components of terrestrial ecosystems, yet highly sensitive to N deposition. Hence, physiological responses of mosses may be indicative of NH3-related impacts, and thus useful to foresee future ecosystem damages and establish atmospheric Critical Levels (CLEs). In this work, samples of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. were seasonally collected along a well-defined NH3 concentration gradient in an oak woodland during a one-year period. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of tissue chemistry, stoichiometry, metabolic enzymes, antioxidant response, membrane damages, photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein content and N and C isotopic fractionation. Our results showed that all the physiological parameters studied (except P, K, Ca and C) responded to the NH3 gradient in predictable ways, although the magnitude and significance of the response were dependent on the sampling season, especially for enzymatic activities and pigments content. Nutritional imbalances, membrane damages and disturbance of cellular C and N metabolism were found as a consequence to NH3 exposure, being more affected the mosses more exposed to the barn atmosphere. These findings suggested significant implications of intensive farming for the correct functioning of oak woodlands and highlighted the importance of seasonal dynamics in the study of key physiological processes related to photosynthesis, mosses nutrition and responses to oxidative stress. Finally, tissue N showed the greatest potential for the identification of NH3-related ecological end points (estimated CLE=3.5μgm-3), whereas highly scattered physiological responses, although highly sensitive, were not suitable to that end.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Izquieta-Rojano
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - M López-Aizpún
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J J Irigoyen
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J M Santamaría
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - C Santamaría
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Lasheras
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - R Ochoa-Hueso
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departmento de Ecología, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Elustondo
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental (LICA), Campus Universitario, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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205
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Xie L, Gomes T, Solhaug KA, Song Y, Tollefsen KE. Linking mode of action of the model respiratory and photosynthesis uncoupler 3,5-dichlorophenol to adverse outcomes in Lemna minor. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 197:98-108. [PMID: 29455116 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Standard chemical toxicity testing guidelines using aquatic plant Lemna minor have been developed by several international standardisation organisations. Although being highly useful for regulatory purposes by focusing on traditional adverse endpoints, these tests provide limited information about the toxic mechanisms and modes of action (MoA). The present study aimed to use selected functional assays in L. minor after exposure to 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) as a model to characterise the toxic mechanisms causing growth inhibition and lethality in primary producers. The results demonstrated that 3,5-DCP caused concentration-dependent effects in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), reduction in chlorophyll (Chlorophyll a and b) content, reproduction rate and frond size were the most sensitive endpoints, followed by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduction of carotenoid content and impairment of photosynthesis efficiency. Suppression of photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, electron transport rate (ETR), chlorophyll (a and b) contents and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were closely correlated while ROS production and LPO were negative correlated with ETR, carotenoid content and growth parameters. A network of conceptual Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) was developed to decipher the causal relationships between molecular, cellular, and apical adverse effects occurring in L. minor to form a basis for future studies with similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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206
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Shahid M, Niazi NK, Khalid S, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Rashid MI. A critical review of selenium biogeochemical behavior in soil-plant system with an inference to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:915-934. [PMID: 29253832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, although controversial for different plant species. There exists a narrow line between essential, beneficial and toxic levels of Se to living organisms which greatly varies with Se speciation, as well as the type of living organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor its solid- and solution-phase speciation, exposure levels and pathways to living organisms. Consumption of Se-laced food (cereals, vegetables, legumes and pulses) is the prime source of Se exposure to humans. Thus, it is imperative to assess the biogeochemical behavior of Se in soil-plant system with respect to applied levels and speciation, which ultimately affect Se status in humans. Based on available relevant literature, this review traces a plausible link among (i) Se levels, sources, speciation, bioavailability, and effect of soil chemical properties on selenium bioavailability/speciation in soil; (ii) role of different protein transporters in soil-root-shoot transfer of Se; and (iii) speciation, metabolism, phytotoxicity and detoxification of Se inside plants. The toxic and beneficial effects of Se to plants have been discussed with respect to speciation and toxic/deficient concentration of Se. We highlight the significance of various enzymatic (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (phytochelatins and glutathione) antioxidants which help combat Se-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The review also delineates Se accumulation in edible plant parts from soils containing low or high Se levels; elucidates associated health disorders or risks due to the consumption of Se-deficient or Se-rich foods; discusses the potential role of Se in different human disorders/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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207
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Wang S, Zhuang K, Zhang S, Yang M, Kong F, Meng Q. Overexpression of a tomato carotenoid ε-hydroxylase gene (SlLUT1) improved the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:103-112. [PMID: 29425813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a considerable environmental factor that restrains photosynthesis. Lutein, the most prolific carotenoid in plant photosynthetic tissues, plays vital roles in the light-harvesting complexes. However, its biological functions under abiotic stresses remain unclear. In our research, transgenic tobacco plants were utilized to investigate the function of the tomato chloroplast-targeted carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylase (SlLUT1) in drought stress tolerance. The analysis of SlLUT1-pro-LUC and qRT-PCR showed that drought stress induced SlLUT1 expression. Transgenic tobacco plants exhibit higher lutein content than wild-type (WT) tobacco. Under drought stress, transgenic plants overexpressing SlLUT1 showed better growth performance, higher chlorophyll and relative water contents and more intact chloroplast and PSII supercomplex structures than WT tobacco. The Fv/Fm, Pn, NPQ, and content of D1 protein in transgenic plants were higher than those in WT plants under drought stress. The accumulation of H2O2 and O2- decreased in transgenic tobacco plants. Moreover, transgenic plants exhibited lower MDA accumulation and REL. These results indicate that overexpression of SlLUT1 enhances tolerance to drought stress by maintaining photosynthesis and scavenging ROS in transgenic tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiju Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Kunyang Zhuang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Minmin Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Fanying Kong
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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208
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Antonoglou O, Moustaka J, Adamakis IDS, Sperdouli I, Pantazaki AA, Moustakas M, Dendrinou-Samara C. Nanobrass CuZn Nanoparticles as Foliar Spray Nonphytotoxic Fungicides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:4450-4461. [PMID: 29314822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed as alternative fertilizers to suppress plant disease and increase crop yield. However, phytotoxicity of NPs remains a key factor for their massive employment in agricultural applications. In order to investigate new effective, nonphytotoxic, and inexpensive fungicides, in the present study CuZn bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have been synthesized as antifungals, while assessment of photosystem II (PSII) efficiency by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis is utilized as an effective and noninvasive phytotoxicity evaluation method. Thus, biocompatible coated, nonoxide contaminated CuZn BNPs of 20 nm crystallite size and 250 nm hydrodynamic diameter have been prepared by a microwave-assisted synthesis. BNPs' antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to be enhanced compared to monometallic Cu NPs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and photosystem II (PSII) functionality at low light (LL) and high light (HL) intensity were determined on tomato plants sprayed with 15 and 30 mg L-1 of BNPs for the evaluation of their phytotoxicity. Tomato leaves sprayed with 15 mg L-1 of BNPs displayed no significant difference in PSII functionality at LL, while exposure to 30 mg L-1 of BNPs for up to 90 min resulted in a reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool that gave rise to H2O2 accumulation, initiating signaling networks and regulating acclimation responses. After 3 h of exposure to 30 mg L-1 of BNPs, PSII functionality at LL was similar to control, indicating nonphytotoxic effects. Meanwhile, exposure of tomato leaves either enhanced (15 mg L-1) or did not have any significant effect (30 mg L-1) on PSII functionality at HL, attributed to the absence of semiconducting oxide phases and photochemical toxicity-reducing modifications. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis is recommended as a tool to monitor NPs behavior on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Antonoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus , 70013 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | | | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University , 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Catherine Dendrinou-Samara
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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209
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Lei R, Du Z, Kong J, Li G, He Y, Qiu Y, Yan J, Zhu S. Blue Native/SDS-PAGE and iTRAQ-Based Chloroplasts Proteomics Analysis of Nicotiana tabacum Leaves Infected with M Strain of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Reveals Several Proteins Involved in Chlorosis Symptoms. Proteomics 2018; 18. [PMID: 29193783 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection in plants involves necrosis, chlorosis, and mosaic. The M strain of cucumber mosaic virus (M-CMV) has six distinct symptoms: vein clearing, mosaic, chlorosis, partial green recovery, complete green recovery, and secondary mosaic. Chlorosis indicates the loss of chlorophyll which is highly abundant in plant leaves and plays essential roles in photosynthesis. Blue native/SDS-PAGE combined with mass spectrum was performed to detect the location of virus, and proteomic analysis of chloroplast isolated from virus-infected plants was performed to quantify the changes of individual proteins in order to gain a global view of the total chloroplast protein dynamics during the virus infection. Among the 438 proteins quantified, 33 showed a more than twofold change in abundance, of which 22 are involved in the light-dependent reactions and five in the Calvin cycle. The dynamic change of these proteins indicates that light-dependent reactions are down-accumulated, and the Calvin cycle was up-accumulated during virus infection. In addition to the proteins involved in photosynthesis, tubulin was up-accumulated in virus-infected plant, which might contribute to the autophagic process during plant infection. In conclusion, this extensive proteomic investigation on intact chloroplasts of virus-infected tobacco leaves provided some important novel information on chlorosis mechanisms induced by virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lei
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Du
- Guangxi Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jun Kong
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Li
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- Animal and Plant and Food Testing Center, Tianjin Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Qiu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
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210
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Niu Y, Xiang Y. An Overview of Biomembrane Functions in Plant Responses to High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:915. [PMID: 30018629 PMCID: PMC6037897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these membranes, including their fluidity and permeability, through a holistic effect that involves changes in the lipid composition and/or interactions between lipids and specific membrane proteins. Ultimately, high temperatures can alter microdomain remodeling and instantaneously relay ambient cues to downstream signaling pathways. Thus, dynamic membrane regulation not only helps cells perceive temperature changes but also participates in intracellular responses and determines a cell's fate. Moreover, due to the specific distribution of extra- and endomembrane elements, the plasma membrane (PM) and membranous organelles are individually responsible for distinct developmental events during plant adaptation to heat stress. This review describes recent studies that focused on the roles of various components that can alter the physical state of the plasma and thylakoid membranes as well as the crucial signaling pathways initiated through the membrane system, encompassing both endomembranes and membranous organelles in the context of heat stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Niu
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
| | - Yun Xiang
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
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211
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Iizasa S, Iizasa E, Watanabe K, Nagano Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals key roles of AtLBR-2 in LPS-induced defense responses in plants. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:995. [PMID: 29284410 PMCID: PMC5747113 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria cause innate immune responses in animals and plants. The molecules involved in LPS signaling in animals are well studied, whereas those in plants are not yet as well documented. Recently, we identified Arabidopsis AtLBR-2, which binds to LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pLPS) directly and regulates pLPS-induced defense responses, such as pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this study, we investigated the pLPS-induced transcriptomic changes in wild-type (WT) and the atlbr-2 mutant Arabidopsis plants using RNA-Seq technology. RESULTS RNA-Seq data analysis revealed that pLPS treatment significantly altered the expression of 2139 genes, with 605 up-regulated and 1534 down-regulated genes in WT. Gene ontology (GO) analysis on these genes showed that GO terms, "response to bacterium", "response to salicylic acid (SA) stimulus", and "response to abscisic acid (ABA) stimulus" were enriched amongst only in up-regulated genes, as compared to the genes that were down-regulated. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes between WT and the atlbr-2 mutant revealed that 65 genes were up-regulated in WT but not in the atlbr-2 after pLPS treatment. Furthermore, GO analysis on these 65 genes demonstrated their importance for the enrichment of several defense-related GO terms, including "response to bacterium", "response to SA stimulus", and "response to ABA stimulus". We also found reduced levels of pLPS-induced conjugated SA glucoside (SAG) accumulation in atlbr-2 mutants, and no differences were observed in the gene expression levels in SA-treated WT and the atlbr-2 mutants. CONCLUSION These 65 AtLBR-2-dependent up-regulated genes appear to be important for the enrichment of some defense-related GO terms. Moreover, AtLBR-2 might be a key molecule that is indispensable for the up-regulation of defense-related genes and for SA signaling pathway, which is involved in defense against pathogens containing LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Iizasa
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ei'ichi Iizasa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Watanabe
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagano
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan. .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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212
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Spicher L, Almeida J, Gutbrod K, Pipitone R, Dörmann P, Glauser G, Rossi M, Kessler F. Essential role for phytol kinase and tocopherol in tolerance to combined light and temperature stress in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5845-5856. [PMID: 29186558 PMCID: PMC5854125 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In a changing environment, plants need to cope with the impact of rising temperatures together with high light intensity. Here, we used lipidomics in the tomato model system to identify lipophilic molecules that enhance tolerance to combined high-temperature and high-light stress. Among several hundred metabolites, the two most strongly up-regulated compounds were α-tocopherol and plastoquinone/plastoquinol. Both are well-known lipid antioxidants and contribute to the protection of photosystem II (PSII) against photodamage under environmental stress. To address the protective function of tocopherol, an RNAi line (vte5) with decreased expression of VTE5 and reduced levels of α-tocopherol was selected. VTE5 encodes phytol kinase, which acts in the biosynthetic pathway of tocopherols. vte5 suffered strong photoinhibition and photobleaching when exposed to combined high-light and high-temperature stress, but neither stress alone produced a visible phenotype. As vte5 had plastoquinone levels similar to those of the wild type under combined stress, the strong phenotype could be attributed to the lack of α-tocopherol. These findings suggest that VTE5 protects against combined high-light and high-temperature stress and does so by supporting α-tocopherol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Spicher
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Almeida
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Rosa Pipitone
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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213
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Jeon Y, Ahn HK, Kang YW, Pai HS. Functional characterization of chloroplast-targeted RbgA GTPase in higher plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:463-479. [PMID: 29038916 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Plant RbgA GTPase is targeted to chloroplasts and co-fractionated with chloroplast ribosomes, and plays a role in chloroplast rRNA processing and/or ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome Biogenesis GTPase A (RbgA) homologs are evolutionarily conserved GTPases that are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In this study, we investigated functions of chloroplast-targeted RbgA. Nicotiana benthamiana RbgA (NbRbgA) and Arabidopsis thaliana RbgA (AtRbgA) contained a conserved GTP-binding domain and a plant-specific C-terminal domain. NbRbgA and AtRbgA were mainly localized in chloroplasts, and possessed GTPase activity. Since Arabidopsis rbgA null mutants exhibited an embryonic lethal phenotype, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of NbRbgA was performed in N. benthamiana. NbRbgA VIGS resulted in a leaf-yellowing phenotype caused by disrupted chloroplast development. NbRbgA was mainly co-fractionated with 50S/70S ribosomes and interacted with the chloroplast ribosomal proteins cpRPL6 and cpRPL35. NbRbgA deficiency lowered the levels of mature 23S and 16S rRNAs in chloroplasts and caused processing defects. Sucrose density gradient sedimentation revealed that NbRbgA-deficient chloroplasts contained reduced levels of mature 23S and 16S rRNAs and diverse plastid-encoded mRNAs in the polysomal fractions, suggesting decreased protein translation activity in the chloroplasts. Interestingly, NbRbgA protein was highly unstable under high light stress, suggesting its possible involvement in the control of chloroplast ribosome biogenesis under environmental stresses. Collectively, these results suggest a role for RbgA GTPase in chloroplast rRNA processing/ribosome biogenesis, affecting chloroplast protein translation in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jeon
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Ahn
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong Won Kang
- R&D Center, Morechem Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 16954, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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214
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Evans AF, O'Brien SR, Ma R, Hager AG, Riggins CW, Lambert KN, Riechers DE. Biochemical characterization of metabolism-based atrazine resistance in Amaranthus tuberculatus and identification of an expressed GST associated with resistance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1238-1249. [PMID: 28218978 PMCID: PMC5595711 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detoxification of atrazine in naturally tolerant crops such as maize (Zea mays) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) results from glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. In previous research, two atrazine-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations from Illinois, U.S.A. (designated ACR and MCR), displayed rapid formation of atrazine-glutathione (GSH) conjugates, implicating elevated rates of metabolism as the resistance mechanism. Our main objective was to utilize protein purification combined with qualitative proteomics to investigate the hypothesis that enhanced atrazine detoxification, catalysed by distinct GSTs, confers resistance in ACR and MCR. Additionally, candidate AtuGST expression was analysed in an F2 population segregating for atrazine resistance. ACR and MCR showed higher specific activities towards atrazine in partially purified ammonium sulphate and GSH affinity-purified fractions compared to an atrazine-sensitive population (WCS). One-dimensional electrophoresis of these fractions displayed an approximate 26-kDa band, typical of GST subunits. Several phi- and tau-class GSTs were identified by LC-MS/MS from each population, based on peptide similarity with GSTs from Arabidopsis. Elevated constitutive expression of one phi-class GST, named AtuGSTF2, correlated strongly with atrazine resistance in ACR and MCR and segregating F2 population. These results indicate that AtuGSTF2 may be linked to a metabolic mechanism that confers atrazine resistance in ACR and MCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton F. Evans
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Sarah R. O'Brien
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Aaron G. Hager
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Chance W. Riggins
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Kris N. Lambert
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Dean E. Riechers
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
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215
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Roy S, Arora A, Chinnusamy V, Singh VP. Endogenous reduced ascorbate: an indicator of plant water deficit stress in wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40502-017-0308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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216
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Wendel M, Nizinski S, Gierszewski M, Prukala D, Sikorski M, Starzak K, Wybraniec S, Burdzinski G. Chemical quenching of singlet oxygen by betanin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 15:872-8. [PMID: 27265022 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Betanin is the best known natural dye belonging to the betacyanin family. In this work, efficient singlet oxygen quenching by betanin in deuterated water with the rate constant 1.20 ± 0.15 × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) is reported, deduced from the (1)O2 phosphorescence decays measured as a function of betanin concentration. The quenching occurs by a chemical mechanism, as confirmed by the analysis of the transient absorption kinetics at the probe λ ∼ 535 nm, by comparison of the initial triplet signal amplitude of perinaphthenone acting as the (1)O2 photosensitizer with the final bleaching signal of betanin. The main betanin oxidation product is 2-decarboxy-2,3-dehydrobetanin, with its formation observed as the transient absorption signal at λ ∼ 445 nm. LC-MS/MS analysis of the photolyzed solutions supports the product identification as 2-decarboxy-2,3-dehydrobetanin, based on the molecular ion [M](+) observed at m/z 505. Isobetanin also undergoes a similar photooxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wendel
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Stanislaw Nizinski
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Gierszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Prukala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Starzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute C-1, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Wybraniec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute C-1, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Gotard Burdzinski
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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217
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Takizawa K, Minagawa J, Tamura M, Kusakabe N, Narita N. Red-edge position of habitable exoplanets around M-dwarfs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7561. [PMID: 28790357 PMCID: PMC5548919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the possible signs of life on distant habitable exoplanets is the red-edge, which is a rise in the reflectivity of planets between visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Previous studies suggested the possibility that the red-edge position for habitable exoplanets around M-dwarfs may be shifted to a longer wavelength than that for Earth. We investigated plausible red-edge position in terms of the light environment during the course of the evolution of phototrophs. We show that phototrophs on M-dwarf habitable exoplanets may use visible light when they first evolve in the ocean and when they first colonize the land. The adaptive evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis may eventually also use NIR radiation, by one of two photochemical reaction centers, with the other center continuing to use visible light. These “two-color” reaction centers can absorb more photons, but they will encounter difficulty in adapting to drastically changing light conditions at the boundary between land and water. NIR photosynthesis can be more productive on land, though its evolution would be preceded by the Earth-type vegetation. Thus, the red-edge position caused by photosynthetic organisms on habitable M-dwarf exoplanets could initially be similar to that on Earth and later move to a longer wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takizawa
- Astrobiology Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan.,National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Motohide Tamura
- Astrobiology Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kusakabe
- Astrobiology Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
| | - Norio Narita
- Astrobiology Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan. .,Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan.
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218
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Pathak V, Prasad A, Pospíšil P. Formation of singlet oxygen by decomposition of protein hydroperoxide in photosystem II. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181732. [PMID: 28732060 PMCID: PMC5521840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is formed by triplet-triplet energy transfer from triplet chlorophyll to O2 via Type II photosensitization reaction in photosystem II (PSII). Formation of triplet chlorophyll is associated with the change in spin state of the excited electron and recombination of triplet radical pair in the PSII antenna complex and reaction center, respectively. Here, we have provided evidence for the formation of 1O2 by decomposition of protein hydroperoxide in PSII membranes deprived of Mn4O5Ca complex. Protein hydroperoxide is formed by protein oxidation initiated by highly oxidizing chlorophyll cation radical and hydroxyl radical formed by Type I photosensitization reaction. Under highly oxidizing conditions, protein hydroperoxide is oxidized to protein peroxyl radical which either cyclizes to dioxetane or recombines with another protein peroxyl radical to tetroxide. These highly unstable intermediates decompose to triplet carbonyls which transfer energy to O2 forming 1O2. Data presented in this study show for the first time that 1O2 is formed by decomposition of protein hydroperoxide in PSII membranes deprived of Mn4O5Ca complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Pathak
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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219
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Kato S, Soshino M, Takaichi S, Ishikawa T, Nagata N, Asahina M, Shinomura T. Suppression of the phytoene synthase gene (EgcrtB) alters carotenoid content and intracellular structure of Euglena gracilis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:125. [PMID: 28716091 PMCID: PMC5513367 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic organisms utilize carotenoids for photoprotection as well as light harvesting. Our previous study revealed that high-intensity light increases the expression of the gene for phytoene synthase (EgcrtB) in Euglena gracilis (a unicellular phytoflagellate), the encoded enzyme catalyzes the first committed step of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. To examine carotenoid synthesis of E. gracilis in response to light stress, we analyzed carotenoid species and content in cells grown under various light intensities. In addition, we investigated the effect of suppressing EgcrtB with RNA interference (RNAi) on growth and carotenoid content. RESULTS After cultivation for 7 days under continuous light at 920 μmol m-2 s-1, β-carotene, diadinoxanthin (Ddx), and diatoxanthin (Dtx) content in cells was significantly increased compared with standard light intensity (55 μmol m-2 s-1). The high-intensity light (920 μmol m-2 s-1) increased the pool size of diadinoxanthin cycle pigments (i.e., Ddx + Dtx) by 1.2-fold and the Dtx/Ddx ratio from 0.05 (control) to 0.09. In contrast, the higher-intensity light treatment caused a 58% decrease in chlorophyll (a + b) content and diminished the number of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts by approximately half compared with control cells, suggesting that the high-intensity light-induced accumulation of carotenoids is associated with an increase in both the number and size of lipid globules in chloroplasts and the cytoplasm. Transient suppression of EgcrtB in this alga by RNAi resulted in significant decreases in cell number, chlorophyll, and total major carotenoid content by 82, 82 and 86%, respectively, relative to non-electroporated cells. Furthermore, suppression of EgcrtB decreased the number of chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes and increased the Dtx/Ddx ratio by 1.6-fold under continuous illumination even at the standard light intensity, indicating that blocking carotenoid synthesis increased the susceptibility of cells to light stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that suppression of EgcrtB causes a significant decrease in carotenoid and chlorophyll content in E. gracilis accompanied by changes in intracellular structures, suggesting that Dtx (de-epoxidized form of diadinoxanthin cycle pigments) contributes to photoprotection of this alga during the long-term acclimation to light-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kato
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551 Japan
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551 Japan
| | - Mika Soshino
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551 Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023 Japan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504 Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681 Japan
| | - Masashi Asahina
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551 Japan
| | - Tomoko Shinomura
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551 Japan
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551 Japan
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220
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Butcher BG, Bao Z, Wilson J, Stodghill P, Swingle B, Filiatrault M, Schneider D, Cartinhour S. The ECF sigma factor, PSPTO_1043, in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is induced by oxidative stress and regulates genes involved in oxidative stress response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180340. [PMID: 28700608 PMCID: PMC5507510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae adapts to changes in the environment by modifying its gene expression profile. In many cases, the response is mediated by the activation of extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors that direct RNA polymerase to transcribe specific sets of genes. In this study we focus on PSPTO_1043, one of ten ECF sigma factors in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000). PSPTO_1043, together with PSPTO_1042, encode an RpoERsp/ChrR-like sigma/anti-sigma factor pair. Although this gene pair is unique to the P. syringae group among the pseudomonads, homologous genes can be found in photosynthetic genera such as Rhodospirillum, Thalassospira, Phaeospirillum and Parvibaculum. Using ChIP-Seq, we detected 137 putative PSPTO_1043 binding sites and identified a likely promoter motif. We characterized 13 promoter candidates, six of which regulate genes that appear to be found only in P. syringae. PSPTO_1043 responds to the presence of singlet oxygen (1O2) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) and several of the genes regulated by PSPTO_1043 appear to be involved in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn G. Butcher
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Zhongmeng Bao
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Janet Wilson
- Robert W. Holley Center, USDA-ARS, 583 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Paul Stodghill
- Robert W. Holley Center, USDA-ARS, 583 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bryan Swingle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- Robert W. Holley Center, USDA-ARS, 583 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Melanie Filiatrault
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- Robert W. Holley Center, USDA-ARS, 583 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - David Schneider
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- Robert W. Holley Center, USDA-ARS, 583 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Samuel Cartinhour
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- Robert W. Holley Center, USDA-ARS, 583 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
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221
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Cantrell M, Peers G. A mutant of Chlamydomonas without LHCSR maintains high rates of photosynthesis, but has reduced cell division rates in sinusoidal light conditions. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28644828 PMCID: PMC5482440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The LHCSR protein belongs to the light harvesting complex family of pigment-binding proteins found in oxygenic photoautotrophs. Previous studies have shown that this complex is required for the rapid induction and relaxation of excess light energy dissipation in a wide range of eukaryotic algae and moss. The ability of cells to rapidly regulate light harvesting between this dissipation state and one favoring photochemistry is believed to be important for reducing oxidative stress and maintaining high photosynthetic efficiency in a rapidly changing light environment. We found that a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii lacking LHCSR, npq4lhcsr1, displays minimal photoinhibition of photosystem II and minimal inhibition of short term oxygen evolution when grown in constant excess light compared to a wild type strain. We also investigated the impact of no LHCSR during growth in a sinusoidal light regime, which mimics daily changes in photosynthetically active radiation. The absence of LHCSR correlated with a slight reduction in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and a stimulation of the maximal rates of photosynthesis compared to wild type. However, there was no reduction in carbon accumulation during the day. Another novel finding was that npq4lhcsr1 cultures underwent fewer divisions at night, reducing the overall growth rate compared to the wild type. Our results show that the rapid regulation of light harvesting mediated by LHCSR is required for high growth rates, but it is not required for efficient carbon accumulation during the day in a sinusoidal light environment. This finding has direct implications for engineering strategies directed at increasing photosynthetic productivity in mass cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cantrell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fernández-Marín B, Hernández A, Garcia-Plazaola JI, Esteban R, Míguez F, Artetxe U, Gómez-Sagasti MT. Photoprotective Strategies of Mediterranean Plants in Relation to Morphological Traits and Natural Environmental Pressure: A Meta-Analytical Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1051. [PMID: 28674548 PMCID: PMC5474485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a small geographic extension, Mediterranean Basin is characterized by an exceptional plant biodiversity. Adaptive responses of this biocoenosis are delineated by an unusual temporal dissociation along the year between optimal temperature for growth and water availability. This fact generates the combination of two environmental stress factors: a period of summer drought, variable in length and intensity, and the occurrence of mild to cold winters. Both abiotic factors, trigger the generation of (photo)oxidative stress and plants orchestrate an arsenal of structural, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to withstand such environmental injuries. In the last two decades an important effort has been made to characterize the adaptive morphological and ecophysiological traits behind plant survival strategies with an eye to predict how they will respond to future climatic changes. In the present work, we have compiled data from 89 studies following a meta-analytical approach with the aim of assessing the composition and plasticity of photosynthetic pigments and low-molecular-weight antioxidants (tocopherols, glutathione, and ascorbic acid) of wild Mediterranean plant species. The influence of internal plant and leaf factors on such composition together with the stress responsiveness, were also analyzed. This approach enabled to obtain data from 73 species of the Mediterranean flora, with the genus Quercus being the most frequently studied. Main highlights of present analysis are: (i) sort of photoprotective mechanisms do not differ between Mediterranean plants and other floras but they show higher plasticity indexes; (ii) α-tocopherol among the antioxidants and violaxanthin-cycle pigments show the highest responsiveness to environmental factors; (iii) both winter and drought stresses induce overnight retention of de-epoxidised violaxanthin-cycle pigments; (iv) this retention correlates with depressions of Fv/Fm; and (v) contrary to what could be expected, mature leaves showed higher accumulation of hydrophilic antioxidants than young leaves, and sclerophyllous leaves higher biochemical photoprotective demand than membranous leaves. In a global climatic change scenario, the plasticity of their photoprotective mechanisms will likely benefit Mediterranean species against oceanic ones. Nevertheless, deep research of ecoregions other than the Mediterranean Basin will be needed to fully understand photoprotection strategies of this extremely biodiverse floristic biome: the Mediterranean ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Bilbao, Spain
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Fenollosa E, Munné-Bosch S, Pintó-Marijuan M. Contrasting phenotypic plasticity in the photoprotective strategies of the invasive species Carpobrotus edulis and the coexisting native species Crithmum maritimum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:185-200. [PMID: 28058723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective strategies vary greatly within the plant kingdom and reflect a plant's physiological status and capacity to cope with environment variations. The plasticity and intensity of these responses may determine plant success. Invasive species are reported to show increased vigor to displace native species. Describing the mechanisms that confer such vigor is essential to understanding the success of invasive species. We performed an experiment whereby two species were monitored: Carpobrotus edulis, an aggressive invasive species in the Mediterranean basin, and Crithmum maritimum, a coexisting native species in the Cap de Creus Natural Park (NE Spain). We analyzed their photoprotective responses to seasonal environmental dynamics by comparing the capacity of the invader to respond to the local environmental stresses throughout the year. Our study analyses ecophysiological markers and photoprotective strategies to gain an insight into the success of invaders. We found that both species showed completely different but effective photoprotective strategies: in summer, C. edulis took special advantage of the xanthophyll cycle, whereas the success of C. maritimum in summer stemmed from morphological changes and alterations on β-carotene content. Winter also presented differences between the species, as the native showed reduced Fv /Fm ratios. Our experimental design allowed us to introduce a new approach to compare phenotypic plasticity: the integrated phenotypic plasticity index (PPint ), defined as the maximum Euclidian distance between phenotypes, using a combination of different variables to describe them. This index revealed significantly greater phenotypic plasticity in the invasive species compared to the native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pintó-Marijuan
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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224
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Bai F, Gusbeth C, Frey W, Nick P. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields trigger cell differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:651-661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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225
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Viewing oxidative stress through the lens of oxidative signalling rather than damage. Biochem J 2017; 474:877-883. [PMID: 28270560 PMCID: PMC5469280 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Concepts of the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and animals have shifted in recent years from focusing on oxidative damage effects to the current view of ROS as universal signalling metabolites. Rather than having two opposing activities, i.e. damage and signalling, the emerging concept is that all types of oxidative modification/damage are involved in signalling, not least in the induction of repair processes. Examining the multifaceted roles of ROS as crucial cellular signals, we highlight as an example the loss of photosystem II function called photoinhibition, where photoprotection has classically been conflated with oxidative damage.
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226
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Guo Z, Yang N, Zhu C, Gan L. Exogenously applied poly-γ-glutamic acid alleviates salt stress in wheat seedlings by modulating ion balance and the antioxidant system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6592-6598. [PMID: 28078521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a main abiotic stress that limits agricultural productivity in many parts of the world. To investigate whether poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) can alleviate the negative effects of salt stress on wheat, a foliar application of 400 mg/L γ-PGA was applied to wheat seedlings, which were then subjected to 150 mM NaCl. Our results showed that after application of γ-PGA, the plant height, the plant weight, and the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were significantly increased compared with the treatment of 150 mM NaCl alone. Meanwhile, γ-PGA application also resulted in high accumulation of K+ and decreased storage of Na+ in wheat leaves. These results suggest that γ-PGA treatment may improve salt tolerance of wheat by diminishing ionic imbalances and enhancing antioxidant capacity. Our results indicate that exogenous γ-PGA could alleviate the damage caused by salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Na Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changhua Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lijun Gan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Xiaochuang C, Chu Z, Lianfeng Z, Junhua Z, Hussain S, Lianghuan W, Qianyu J. Glycine increases cold tolerance in rice via the regulation of N uptake, physiological characteristics, and photosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:251-260. [PMID: 28107733 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the response of rice growth and photosynthesis to different nitrogen (N) sources under cold stress, hydroponic cultivation of rice was done in greenhouse, with glycine, ammonium, and nitrate as the sole N sources. The results demonstrate that exposure to low temperature reduced the rice biomass and leaf chlorophyll content, but their values in the glycine-treated plants were significantly higher than in the ammonium- and nitrate-treated plants. This might be attributed to the higher N uptake rate and root area and activity in the glycine-treated plants. The glycine-treated plants also maintained high contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and proline as well as enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities to protect themselves against chilling injury. Under cold stress, reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and effective quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) significantly inhibited the leaf photosynthesis; however, glycine treatment alleviated these effects compared to the ammonium and nitrate treatments. The high non-photochemical quenching (qN) and excess energy dissipative energy (Ex) in the glycine-treated plants were beneficial for the release of extra energy, thereby, strengthening their photochemical efficiency. We, therefore, conclude that the strengthened cold tolerance of glycine-treated rice plants was closely associated with the higher accumulation of dry matter and photosynthesis through the up-regulation of N-uptake, and increase in the content of osmoprotectants, activities of the antioxidant defense enzymes, and photochemical efficiency. The results of the present study provide new ideas for improving the plant tolerance to extreme temperatures by nutrient resource management in the cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Xiaochuang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zhong Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zhu Lianfeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zhang Junhua
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Sajid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Wu Lianghuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jin Qianyu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China.
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Page MT, McCormac AC, Smith AG, Terry MJ. Singlet oxygen initiates a plastid signal controlling photosynthetic gene expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1168-1180. [PMID: 27735068 PMCID: PMC5244666 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde signals from the plastid regulate photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes and are essential to successful chloroplast biogenesis. One model is that a positive haem-related signal promotes photosynthetic gene expression in a pathway that is abolished by the herbicide norflurazon. Far-red light (FR) pretreatment and transfer to white light also results in plastid damage and loss of photosynthetic gene expression. Here, we investigated whether norflurazon and FR pretreatment affect the same retrograde signal. We used transcriptome analysis and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyse the effects of these treatments on nuclear gene expression in various Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) retrograde signalling mutants. Results showed that the two treatments inhibited largely different nuclear gene sets, suggesting that they affected different retrograde signals. Moreover, FR pretreatment resulted in singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) production and a rapid inhibition of photosynthetic gene expression. This inhibition was partially blocked in the executer1executer2 mutant, which is impaired in 1 O2 signalling. Our data support a new model in which a 1 O2 retrograde signal, generated by chlorophyll precursors, inhibits expression of key photosynthetic and chlorophyll synthesis genes to prevent photo-oxidative damage during de-etiolation. Such a signal would provide a counterbalance to the positive haem-related signal to fine tune regulation of chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike T. Page
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Alex C. McCormac
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Alison G. Smith
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Matthew J. Terry
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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Pospíšil P, Yamamoto Y. Damage to photosystem II by lipid peroxidation products. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:457-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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230
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Shumbe L, D'Alessandro S, Shao N, Chevalier A, Ksas B, Bock R, Havaux M. METHYLENE BLUE SENSITIVITY 1 (MBS1) is required for acclimation of Arabidopsis to singlet oxygen and acts downstream of β-cyclocitral. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:216-226. [PMID: 27813110 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) signalling in plants is essential to trigger both acclimatory mechanisms and programmed cell death under high light stress. However, because of its chemical features, 1 O2 requires mediators, and the players involved in this pathway are largely unknown. The β-carotene oxidation product, β-cyclocitral, is one such mediator. Produced in the chloroplast, β-cyclocitral induces changes in nuclear gene expression leading to photoacclimation. Recently, the METHYLENE BLUE SENSITIVITY protein MBS has been identified as a key player in 1 O2 signalling leading to tolerance to high light. Here, we provide evidence that MBS1 is essential for acclimation to 1 O2 and cross-talks with β-cyclocitral to mediate transfer of the 1 O2 signal to the nucleus, leading to photoacclimation. The presented results position MBS1 downstream of β-cyclocitral in 1 O2 signalling and suggest an additional role for MBS1 in the regulation of plant growth and development under chronic 1 O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Shumbe
- CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Stefano D'Alessandro
- CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Ning Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anne Chevalier
- CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Brigitte Ksas
- CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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231
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Dogra V, Duan J, Lee KP, Lv S, Liu R, Kim C. FtsH2-Dependent Proteolysis of EXECUTER1 Is Essential in Mediating Singlet Oxygen-Triggered Retrograde Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1145. [PMID: 28706530 PMCID: PMC5489589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II reaction center (PSII RC) and light-harvesting complex inevitably generate highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) that can impose photo-oxidative damage, especially when the rate of generation exceeds the rate of detoxification. Besides being toxic, 1O2 has also been ascribed to trigger retrograde signaling, which leads to nuclear gene expression changes. Two distinctive molecular components appear to regulate 1O2 signaling: a volatile signaling molecule β-cyclocitral (β-CC) generated upon oxidation of β-carotene by 1O2 in PSII RC assembled in grana core, and a thylakoid membrane-bound FtsH2 metalloprotease that promotes 1O2-triggered signaling through the proteolysis of EXECUTER1 (EX1) proteins associated with PSII in grana margin. The role of FtsH2 protease in 1O2 signaling was established recently in the conditional fluorescent (flu) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that generates 1O2 upon dark-to-light shift. The flu mutant lacking functional FtsH2 significantly impairs 1O2-triggered and EX1-mediated cell death. In the present study, the role of FtsH2 in the induction of 1O2 signaling was further clarified by analyzing the FtsH2-dependent nuclear gene expression changes in the flu mutant. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed that the inactivation of FtsH2 repressed the majority (85%) of the EX1-dependent 1O2-responsive genes (SORGs), providing direct connection between FtsH2-mediated EX1 degradation and 1O2-triggered gene expression changes. Furthermore, the overlap between β-CC-induced genes and EX1-FtsH2-dependent genes was very limited, further supporting the coexistence of two distinctive 1O2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Stress Signaling, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Jianli Duan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Stress Signaling, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Keun Pyo Lee
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Stress Signaling, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Stress Signaling, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chanhong Kim,
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Abstract
Chemical, physical, and biotic factors continuously vary in the natural environment. Such parameters are considered as stressors if the magnitude of their change exceeds the current acclimation norm of the plant. Activation of genetic programs allows for conditional expansion of the acclimation norm and depends on specific sensing mechanisms, intracellular communication, and regulation. The redox and reactive oxygen species (ROS) network plays a fundamental role in directing the acclimation response. These highly reactive compounds like H2O2 are generated and scavenged under normal conditions and participate in realizing a basal acclimation level. Spatial and temporal changes in ROS levels and redox state provide valuable information for regulating epigenetic processes, transcription factors (TF), translation, protein turnover, metabolic pathways, and cross-feed, e.g., into hormone-, NO-, or Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways. At elevated ROS levels uncontrolled oxidation reactions compromise cell functions, impair fitness and yield, and in extreme cases may cause plant death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liebthal
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, University Str. 25, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, University Str. 25, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
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García-Plazaola JI, Portillo-Estrada M, Fernández-Marín B, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Emissions of carotenoid cleavage products upon heat shock and mechanical wounding from a foliose lichen. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 133:87-97. [PMID: 29416188 PMCID: PMC5798582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids constitute a major target of chloroplastic photooxidative reactions, leading to the formation of several oxidized derivatives and cleavage products, some of which are volatile (VCCPs). Among them, β-cyclocitral (β-CC), at least, is a retrograde signaling molecule that modulates the activity of many key physiological processes. In the present work, we aimed to study whether β-CC and other VCCPs are released into the atmosphere from photosynthetic tissues. To overcome stomatal limitations, the foliose chlorolichen Lobaria pulmonaria was used as the model system, and the emissions of biogenic volatiles, induced by heat and wounding stresses, were monitored by proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) and gas-chromatography (GC-MS). Prior to stress treatments, VCCPs were emitted constitutively, accounting for 1.3 % of the total volatile release, with β-CC being the most abundant VCCP. Heat and wounding stresses induced a burst of volatile release, including VCCPs, and a loss of carotenoids. Under heat stress, the production of β-CC correlated positively with temperature. However the enhancement of production of VCCPs was the lowest among all the groups of volatiles analyzed. Given that the rates of carotenoid loss were three orders of magnitude higher than the release rates of VCCPs and that these compounds only represent a minor fraction in the blend of volatiles, it seems unlikely that VCCPs might represent a global stress signal capable of diffusing through the atmosphere to different neighboring individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miguel Portillo-Estrada
- Research Centre of Excellence on Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck. Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
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234
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Kress E, Jahns P. The Dynamics of Energy Dissipation and Xanthophyll Conversion in Arabidopsis Indicate an Indirect Photoprotective Role of Zeaxanthin in Slowly Inducible and Relaxing Components of Non-photochemical Quenching of Excitation Energy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2094. [PMID: 29276525 PMCID: PMC5727089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence and the dynamics of xanthophyll conversion under different actinic light conditions were studied in intact leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. NPQ induction was investigated during up to 180 min illumination at 450, 900, and 1,800 μmol photons m-2 s-1 (μE) and NPQ relaxation after 5, 30, 90, or 180 min of pre-illumination at the same light intensities. The comparison of wild-type plants with mutants affected either in xanthophyll conversion (npq1 and npq2) or PsbS expression (npq4 and L17) or lumen acidification (pgr1) indicated that NPQ states with similar, but not identical characteristics are induced at longer time range (15-60 min) in wild-type and mutant plants. In genotypes with an active xanthophyll conversion, the dynamics of two slowly (10-60 min) inducible and relaxing NPQ components were found to be kinetically correlated with zeaxanthin formation and epoxidation, respectively. However, the extent of NPQ was independent of the amount of zeaxanthin, since higher NPQ values were inducible with increasing actinic light intensities without pronounced changes in the zeaxanthin amount. These data support an indirect role of zeaxanthin in pH-independent NPQ states rather than a specific direct function of zeaxanthin as quencher in long-lasting NPQ processes. Such an indirect function might be related to an allosteric regulation of NPQ processes by zeaxanthin (e.g., through interaction of zeaxanthin at the surface of proteins) or a general photoprotective function of zeaxanthin in the lipid phase of the membrane (e.g., by modulation of the membrane fluidity or by acting as antioxidant). The found concomitant down-regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidation and recovery of photosystem II activity ensures that zeaxanthin is retained in the thylakoid membrane as long as photosystem II activity is inhibited or down-regulated. This regulation supports the view that zeaxanthin can be considered as a kind of light stress memory in chloroplasts, allowing a rapid reactivation of photoprotective NPQ processes in case of recurrent light stress periods.
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235
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Maslovskaya LA, Savchenko AI, Gordon VA, Reddell PW, Pierce CJ, Parsons PG, Williams CM. The First Casbane Hydroperoxides EBC-304 and EBC-320 from the Australian Rainforest. Chemistry 2016; 23:537-540. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya A. Maslovskaya
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane 4072 Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; Brisbane 4029, Queensland Australia
| | - Andrei I. Savchenko
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | | | - Paul W. Reddell
- EcoBiotics Limited, PO Box 1; Yungaburra 4884, Queensland Australia
| | - Carly J. Pierce
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; Brisbane 4029, Queensland Australia
| | - Peter G. Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; Brisbane 4029, Queensland Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane 4072 Australia
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Stamatakis K, Papageorgiou GC. Effects of exogenous β-carotene, a chemical scavenger of singlet oxygen, on the millisecond rise of chlorophyll a fluorescence of cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:317-324. [PMID: 27034066 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Singlet-excited oxygen (1O 2* ) has been recognized as the most destructive member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are formed during oxygenic photosynthesis by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. ROS and 1O 2* are known to damage protein and phospholipid structures and to impair photosynthetic electron transport and de novo protein synthesis. Partial protection is afforded to photosynthetic organism by the β-carotene (β-Car) molecules which accompany chlorophyll (Chl) a in the pigment-protein complexes of Photosystem II (PS II). In this paper, we studied the effects of exogenously added β-Car on the initial kinetic rise of Chl a fluorescence (10-1000 μs, the OJ segment) from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. We show that the added β-Car enhances Chl a fluorescence when it is excited at an intensity of 3000 μmol photons m-2 s-1 but not when excited at 1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Since β-Car is an efficient scavenger of 1O 2* , as well as a quencher of 3Chl a * (precursor of 1O 2* ), both of which are more abundant at higher excitations, we assume that the higher Chl a fluorescence in its presence signifies a protective effect against photo-oxidative damages of Chl proteins. The protective effect of added β-Car is not observed in O2-depleted cell suspensions. Lastly, in contrast to β-Car, a water-insoluble molecule, a water-soluble scavenger of 1O 2* , histidine, provides no protection to Chl proteins during the same time period (10-1000 μs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Stamatakis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center of Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - George C Papageorgiou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center of Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310, Athens, Greece.
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237
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Roberty S, Furla P, Plumier JC. Differential antioxidant response between two Symbiodinium species from contrasting environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2713-2724. [PMID: 27577027 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High sea surface temperature accompanied by high levels of solar irradiance is responsible for the disruption of the symbiosis between cnidarians and their symbiotic dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium. This phenomenon, known as coral bleaching, is one of the major threats affecting coral reefs around the world. Because an important molecular trigger to bleaching appears related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is critical to understand the function of the antioxidant network of Symbiodinium species. In this study we investigated the response of two Symbiodinium species, from contrasting environments, to a chemically induced oxidative stress. ROS produced during this oxidative burst reduced photosynthesis by 30 to 50% and significantly decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase. Lipid peroxidation levels and carotenoid concentrations, especially diatoxanthin, confirm that these molecules act as antioxidants and contribute to the stabilization of membrane lipids. The comparative analysis between the two Symbiodinium species allowed us to highlight that Symbiodinium sp. clade A temperate was more tolerant to oxidative stress than the tropical S. kawagutii clade F. These differences are very likely a consequence of adaptation to their natural environment, with the temperate species experiencing conditions of temperature and irradiance much more variable and extreme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roberty
- Université de Liège, InBioS - Animal Physiology, Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, 4 Chemin de la Vallée, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Furla
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7138'Evolution Paris Seine', équipe 'Symbiose marine', 06108, Nice Cedex 02, France
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR 7138 'Evolution Paris Seine', 7, quai Saint-Bernard, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
- CNRS, UMR 7138 'Evolution Paris Seine', 7, quai Saint-Bernard, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - J-C Plumier
- Université de Liège, InBioS - Animal Physiology, Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, 4 Chemin de la Vallée, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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238
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239
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Mamone L, Di Venosa G, Sáenz D, Batlle A, Casas A. Methods for the detection of reactive oxygen species employed in the identification of plant photosensitizers. Methods 2016; 109:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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240
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Jallet D, Caballero MA, Gallina AA, Youngblood M, Peers G. Photosynthetic physiology and biomass partitioning in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown in a sinusoidal light regime. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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241
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Zeinali N, Altarawneh M, Li D, Al-Nu’airat J, Dlugogorski BZ. New Mechanistic Insights: Why Do Plants Produce Isoprene? ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:220-225. [PMID: 31457127 PMCID: PMC6640788 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we argue that the primary role of isoprene is to remove the singlet delta oxygen (O2 1Δg) that forms inside plants by ultraviolet excitation rather than to provide heat protection or scavenge ozone, OH, or other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the gas phase. By deploying a quantum chemical framework, we address for the first time the exact mode of isoprene reactions with O2 1Δg, the most prominent ROS that causes damage to leaves. Initial reactions of isoprene with O2 1Δg comprise its addition at the two terminal carbon atoms. The two primary open-shell adducts that appear in these reactions undergo 1,2-cycloaddition to generate methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein, the sole products detected from in-house (i.e., inside of plants) oxidation of isoprene. Formation of other products, comprising the peroxy O-O bonds, is kinetically insignificant. Furthermore, these adducts are thermodynamically too unstable to diffuse outside of plants. Oxidation of isoprene with O2 1Δg does not produce new ROS (such as OH or HO2), supporting the well-documented role of isoprene as an effective ROS scavenger. Deploying a solvation model reduces the energy requirements for the primary pathways in the range of 10-56 kJ/mol. The present results indicate that plants attach significant value to the in-home protection against O2 1Δg by investing carbon and energy into the formation of isoprene, in spite of the appearance of the cytotoxic methyl vinyl ketone as one of the reaction products. (The same chemical species also form in unrelated gas-phase reactions involving isoprene and other ROS.) This finding explains the primary reason for the appearance of the dynamic biosphere-atmosphere exchange of methyl vinyl ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Zeinali
- School of Engineering and
Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- School of Engineering and
Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Dan Li
- School of Engineering and
Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Jomana Al-Nu’airat
- School of Engineering and
Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
- School of Engineering and
Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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242
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Gori A, Ferrini F, Marzano MC, Tattini M, Centritto M, Baratto MC, Pogni R, Brunetti C. Characterisation and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extract and Polyphenolic Rich Fractions from C. incanus Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081344. [PMID: 27548139 PMCID: PMC5000740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistus incanus (Cistaceae) is a Mediterranean evergreen shrub. Cistus incanus herbal teas have been used as a general remedy in traditional medicine since ancient times. Recent studies on the antioxidant properties of its aqueous extracts have indicated polyphenols to be the most active compounds. However, a whole chemical characterisation of polyphenolic compounds in leaves of Cistus incanus (C. incanus) is still lacking. Moreover, limited data is available on the contribution of different polyphenolic compounds towards the total antioxidant capacity of its extracts. The purpose of this study was to characterise the major polyphenolic compounds present in a crude ethanolic leaf extract (CEE) of C. incanus and develop a method for their fractionation. Superoxide anion, hydroxyl and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assays were also performed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the obtained fractions. Three different polyphenolic enriched extracts, namely EAC (Ethyl Acetate Fraction), AF1 and AF2 (Aqueos Fractions), were obtained from CEE. Our results indicated that the EAC, enriched in flavonols, exhibited a higher antiradical activity compared to the tannin enriched fractions (AF1 and AF2). These findings provide new perspectives for the use of the EAC as a source of antioxidant compounds with potential uses in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gori
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
- Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Marzano
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Plant Protection (IPSP), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| | - Maria Camilla Baratto
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Rebecca Pogni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
- Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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243
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Sang T, Shan X, Li B, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals the positive effect of exogenous spermidine on photosynthesis and salinity tolerance in cucumber seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1769-82. [PMID: 27351994 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Our results based on proteomics data and physiological alterations proposed the putative mechanism of exogenous Spd enhanced salinity tolerance in cucumber seedlings. Current studies showed that exogenous spermidine (Spd) could alleviate harmful effects of salinity. It is important to increase our understanding of the beneficial physiological responses of exogenous Spd treatment, and to determine the molecular responses underlying these responses. Here, we combined a physiological analysis with iTRAQ-based comparative proteomics of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves, treated with 0.1 mM exogenous Spd, 75 mM NaCl and/or exogenous Spd. A total of 221 differentially expressed proteins were found and involved in 30 metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, stress response, signal transduction and antioxidant. Based on functional classification of the differentially expressed proteins and the physiological responses, we found cucumber seedlings treated with Spd under salt stress had higher photosynthesis efficiency, upregulated tetrapyrrole synthesis, stronger ROS scavenging ability and more protein biosynthesis activity than NaCl treatment, suggesting that these pathways may promote salt tolerance under high salinity. This study provided insights into how exogenous Spd protects photosynthesis and enhances salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Facility Horticulture Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Facility Horticulture Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China.
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244
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Morales M, Pintó-Marijuan M, Munné-Bosch S. Seasonal, Sex- and Plant Size-Related Effects on Photoinhibition and Photoprotection in the Dioecious Mediterranean Dwarf Palm, Chamaerops humilis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1116. [PMID: 27516764 PMCID: PMC4963400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean-type ecosystems plants are exposed to several adverse environmental conditions throughout the year, ranging from drought stress during the warm and dry summers to chilling stress due to the typical drop in temperatures during winters. Here we evaluated the ecophysiological response, in terms of photoinhibition and photoprotection, of the dioecious Mediterranean palm, Chamaerops humilis to seasonal variations in environmental conditions. Furthermore, we considered as well the influence of plant size, maturity, and sexual dimorphism. Results showed evidence of winter photoinhibition, with a marked decrease of the F v /F m ratio below 0.7 between January and March, which was coincident with the lowest temperatures. During this period, the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle and zeaxanthin levels increased, which might serve as a photoprotection mechanism, owing the full recovery from winter photoinhibition during spring. Furthermore, mature plants showed lower chlorophyll levels and higher β-carotene levels per unit of chlorophyll than juvenile plants, and females displayed lower leaf water contents and higher photoinhibition than males during summer, probably due to increased reproductive effort of females. However, neither low temperatures during winter nor reproductive events in females during the summer led to irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. We conclude that (i) the Mediterranean dwarf palm, C. humilis, suffers from photoinhibition during winter, but this is transient and does not lead to irreversible damage, and (ii) females from this plant species are more sensitive than males to photoinhibition during reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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245
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Koh E, Fluhr R. Singlet oxygen detection in biological systems: Uses and limitations. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1192742. [PMID: 27231787 PMCID: PMC4991343 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1192742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of singlet oxygen in biological systems is challenging in many ways. Singlet oxygen is a relatively unstable ephemeral molecule, and its properties make it highly reactive with many biomolecules, making it difficult to quantify accurately. Several methods have been developed to study this elusive molecule, but most studies thus far have focused on those conditions that produce relatively large amounts of singlet oxygen. However, the need for more sensitive methods is required as one begins to explore the levels of singlet oxygen required in signaling and regulatory processes. Here we discuss the various methods used in the study of singlet oxygen, and outline their uses and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Koh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert Fluhr
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
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246
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Del Río LA, López-Huertas E. ROS Generation in Peroxisomes and its Role in Cell Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1364-1376. [PMID: 27081099 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, as in most eukaryotic organisms, peroxisomes are probably the major sites of intracellular H2O2 production, as a result of their essentially oxidative type of metabolism. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that peroxisomes carry out essential functions in eukaryotic cells. The generation of the important messenger molecule hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by animal and plant peroxisomes and the presence of catalase in these organelles has been known for many years, but the generation of superoxide radicals (O2·- ) and the occurrence of the metalloenzyme superoxide dismutase was reported for the first time in peroxisomes from plant origin. Further research showed the presence in plant peroxisomes of a complex battery of antioxidant systems apart from catalase. The evidence available of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in peroxisomes is presented, and the different antioxidant systems characterized in these organelles and their possible functions are described. Peroxisomes appear to have a ROS-mediated role in abiotic stress situations induced by the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) and the xenobiotic 2,4-D, and also in the oxidative reactions of leaf senescence. The toxicity of Cd and 2,4-D has an effect on the ROS metabolism and speed of movement (dynamics) of peroxisomes. The regulation of ROS production in peroxisomes can take place by post-translational modifications of those proteins involved in their production and/or scavenging. In recent years, different studies have been carried out on the proteome of ROS metabolism in peroxisomes. Diverse evidence obtained indicates that peroxisomes are an important cellular source of different signaling molecules, including ROS, involved in distinct processes of high physiological importance, and might play an important role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell & Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 419, E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Huertas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell & Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 419, E-18080 Granada, Spain
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247
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Mignolet-Spruyt L, Xu E, Idänheimo N, Hoeberichts FA, Mühlenbock P, Brosché M, Van Breusegem F, Kangasjärvi J. Spreading the news: subcellular and organellar reactive oxygen species production and signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3831-44. [PMID: 26976816 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As plants are sessile organisms that have to attune their physiology and morphology continuously to varying environmental challenges in order to survive and reproduce, they have evolved complex and integrated environment-cell, cell-cell, and cell-organelle signalling circuits that regulate and trigger the required adjustments (such as alteration of gene expression). Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential components of this network, their pathways are not yet completely unravelled. In addition to the intrinsic chemical properties that define the array of interaction partners, mobility, and stability, ROS signalling specificity is obtained via the spatiotemporal control of production and scavenging at different organellar and subcellular locations (e.g. chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and apoplast). Furthermore, these cellular compartments may crosstalk to relay and further fine-tune the ROS message. Hence, plant cells might locally and systemically react upon environmental or developmental challenges by generating spatiotemporally controlled dosages of certain ROS types, each with specific chemical properties and interaction targets, that are influenced by interorganellar communication and by the subcellular location and distribution of the involved organelles, to trigger the suitable acclimation responses in association with other well-established cellular signalling components (e.g. reactive nitrogen species, phytohormones, and calcium ions). Further characterization of this comprehensive ROS signalling matrix may result in the identification of new targets and key regulators of ROS signalling, which might be excellent candidates for engineering or breeding stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Mignolet-Spruyt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Enjun Xu
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Idänheimo
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank A Hoeberichts
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Per Mühlenbock
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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248
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Effect of heating rate and plant species on the size and uniformity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aromatic plant extracts. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-016-0532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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249
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Altinok E, Frausto F, Thomas SW. Water‐soluble fluorescent polymers that respond to singlet oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Altinok
- Department of ChemistryTufts University62 Talbot AvenueMedford Massachusetts02155
| | - Fanny Frausto
- Department of ChemistryTufts University62 Talbot AvenueMedford Massachusetts02155
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of ChemistryTufts University62 Talbot AvenueMedford Massachusetts02155
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250
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Tronina T, Liu H, Staleva H, Komenda J, Sobotka R, Blankenship RE, Polívka T. Carotenoid-induced non-photochemical quenching in the cyanobacterial chlorophyll synthase-HliC/D complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1430-1439. [PMID: 27133505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chl synthase (ChlG) is an important enzyme of the Chl biosynthetic pathway catalyzing attachment of phytol/geranylgeraniol tail to the chlorophyllide molecule. Here we have investigated the Flag-tagged ChlG (f.ChlG) in a complex with two different high-light inducible proteins (Hlips) HliD and HliC. The f.ChlG-Hlips complex binds a Chl a and three different carotenoids, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll. Application of ultrafast time-resolved absorption spectroscopy performed at room and cryogenic temperatures revealed excited-state dynamics of complex-bound pigments. After excitation of Chl a in the complex, excited Chl a is efficiently quenched by a nearby carotenoid molecule via energy transfer from the Chl a Qy state to the carotenoid S1 state. The kinetic analysis of the spectroscopic data revealed that quenching occurs with a time constant of ~2ps and its efficiency is temperature independent. Even though due to its long conjugation myxoxanthophyll appears to be energetically best suited for role of Chl a quencher, based on comparative analysis and spectroscopic data we propose that β-carotene bound to Hlips acts as the quencher rather than myxoxanthophyll and zeaxanthin, which are bound at the f.ChlG and Hlips interface. The S1 state lifetime of the quencher has been determined to be 13ps at room temperature and 21ps at 77K. These results demonstrate that Hlips act as a conserved functional module that prevents photodamage of protein complexes during photosystem assembly or Chl biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Haijun Liu
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings, Drive. St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hristina Staleva
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings, Drive. St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings, Drive. St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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