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Revuelta-López E, Soler-Botija C, Nasarre L, Benitez-Amaro A, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Bayes-Genis A, Llorente-Cortés V. Relationship among LRP1 expression, Pyk2 phosphorylation and MMP-9 activation in left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1915-1928. [PMID: 28378397 PMCID: PMC5571517 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) is a crucial determinant of the clinical course of heart failure. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation is strongly associated with LV remodelling after MI. Elucidation of plasma membrane receptors related to the activation of specific MMPs is fundamental for treating adverse cardiac remodelling after MI. The aim of current investigation was to explore the potential association between the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) and MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 spatiotemporal expression after MI. Real‐time PCR and Western blot analyses showed that LRP1 mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively, were significantly increased in peri‐infarct and infarct zones at 10 and 21 days after MI. Confocal microscopy demonstrated high colocalization between LRP1 and the fibroblast marker vimentin, indicating that LRP1 is mostly expressed by cardiac fibroblasts in peri‐infarct and infarct areas. LRP1 also colocalized with proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (pPyk2) and MMP‐9 in cardiac fibroblasts in ischaemic areas at 10 and 21 days after MI. Cell culture experiments revealed that hypoxia increases LRP1, pPyk2 protein levels and MMP‐9 activity in fibroblasts, without significant changes in MMP‐2 activity. MMP‐9 activation by hypoxia requires LRP1 and Pyk2 phosphorylation in fibroblasts. Collectively, our in vivo and in vitro data support a major role of cardiac fibroblast LRP1 levels on MMP‐9 up‐regulation associated with ventricular remodelling after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Revuelta-López
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Tries i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Carol Soler-Botija
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Tries i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Tries i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.,Cardiology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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202
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Ross BA, Wald R, Goldstein MB, Yuen DA, Leipsic J, Kiaii M, Rathe A, Deva DP, Kirpalani A, Bello OO, Graham JJ, Leong-Poi H, Connelly KA, Yan AT. Relationships Between Left Ventricular Structure and Function According to Cardiac MRI and Cardiac Biomarkers in End-Stage Renal Disease. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:501-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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203
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Naga Prasad SV, Gupta MK, Duan ZH, Surampudi VSK, Liu CG, Kotwal A, Moravec CS, Starling RC, Perez DM, Sen S, Wu Q, Plow EF, Karnik S. A unique microRNA profile in end-stage heart failure indicates alterations in specific cardiovascular signaling networks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170456. [PMID: 28329018 PMCID: PMC5362047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the gene expression patterns are substantially altered in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, however, less is known about the reasons behind such global differences. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that can target multiple molecules to regulate wide array of proteins in diverse pathways. The goal of the study was to profile alterations in miRNA expression using end-stage human heart failure samples with an aim to build signaling network pathways using predicted targets for the altered miRNA and to determine nodal molecules regulating individual networks. Profiling of miRNAs using custom designed microarray and validation with an independent set of samples identified eight miRNAs that are altered in human heart failure including one novel miRNA yet to be implicated in cardiac pathology. To gain an unbiased perspective on global regulation by top eight altered miRNAs, functional relationship of predicted targets for these eight miRNAs were examined by network analysis. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis network algorithm was used to build global signaling networks based on the targets of altered miRNAs which allowed us to identify participating networks and nodal molecules that could contribute to cardiac pathophysiology. Majority of the nodal molecules identified in our analysis are targets of altered miRNAs and known regulators of cardiovascular signaling. Cardio-genomics heart failure gene expression public data base was used to analyze trends in expression pattern for target nodal molecules and indeed changes in expression of nodal molecules inversely correlated to miRNA alterations. We have used NF kappa B network as an example to show that targeting other molecules in the network could alter the nodal NF kappa B despite not being a miRNA target suggesting an integrated network response. Thus, using network analysis we show that altering key functional target proteins may regulate expression of the myriad signaling pathways underlying the cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Manveen K. Gupta
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Hui Duan
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Venkata Suresh K. Surampudi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashwin Kotwal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christine S. Moravec
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Randall C. Starling
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dianne M. Perez
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Subha Sen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Edward F. Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sadashiva Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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204
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Samouillan V, Revuelta-López E, Soler-Botija C, Dandurand J, Benitez-Amaro A, Nasarre L, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Bayes-Genis A, Lacabanne C, Llorente-Cortés V. Conformational and thermal characterization of left ventricle remodeling post-myocardial infarction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1500-1509. [PMID: 28245984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) causes impaired ventricular function and heart failure. Histopathological characterization is commonly used to detect the location, size and shape of MI sites. However, the information about chemical composition, physical structure and molecular mobility of peri- and infarct zones post-MI is rather limited. The main objective of this work was to explore the spatiotemporal biochemical and biophysical alterations of key cardiac components post-MI. The FTIR spectra of healthy and remote myocardial tissue shows amides A, I, II and III associated with proteins in freeze-died tissue as major absorptions bands. In infarcted myocardium, the spectrum of these main absorptions was deeply altered. FITR evidenced an increase of the amide A band and the distinct feature of the collagen specific absorption band at 1338cm-1 in the infarct area at 21days post-MI. At 21days post-MI, it also appears an important shift of amide I from 1646cm-1 to 1637cm-1 that suggests the predominance of the triple helical conformation in the proteins. The new spectra bands also indicate an increase in proteoglycans, residues of carbohydrates in proteins and polysaccharides in ischemic areas. Thermal analysis indicates a deep increase of unfreezable water/freezable water in peri- and infarcted tissues. In infarcted tissue is evidenced the impairment of myofibrillar proteins thermal profile and the emergence of a new structure. In conclusion, our results indicate a profound evolution of protein secondary structures in association with collagen deposition and reorganization of water involved in the scar maturation of peri- and infarct zones post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Samouillan
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Bat 3R1B2, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
| | - E Revuelta-López
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Soler-Botija
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Dandurand
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Bat 3R1B2, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Nasarre
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bayes-Genis
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Lacabanne
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Bat 3R1B2, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - V Llorente-Cortés
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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205
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Maarman GJ, Schulz R, Sliwa K, Schermuly RT, Lecour S. Novel putative pharmacological therapies to protect the right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension: a review of current literature. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:497-511. [PMID: 28099680 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure following the pathological remodelling of small pulmonary arteries. An increase in right ventricular (RV) afterload results in RV hypertrophy and RV failure. The pathophysiology of PH, and RV remodelling in particular, is not well understood, thus explaining, at least in part, why current PH therapies have a limited effect. Existing therapies mostly target the pulmonary circulation. Because the remodelled RV fails to support normal cardiac function, patients eventually succumb from RV failure. Developing novel therapies that directly target the function of the RV may therefore benefit patients with PH. In the past decade, several promising studies have investigated novel cardioprotective strategies in experimental models of PH. This review aims to comprehensively discuss and highlight these novel experimental approaches to confer, in the long-term, greater health benefit in patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Maarman
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA) and MRC Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA) and MRC Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Member of the German Lung Centre (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA) and MRC Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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206
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de Waal K, Phad N, Collins N, Boyle A. Cardiac remodeling in preterm infants with prolonged exposure to a patent ductus arteriosus. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2017; 12:364-372. [DOI: 10.1111/chd.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koert de Waal
- Department of Neonatology, John Hunter Children's Hospital; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Nilkant Phad
- Department of Neonatology, John Hunter Children's Hospital; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Nick Collins
- Department of Cardiology, John Hunter Hospital; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Boyle
- Department of Cardiology, John Hunter Hospital; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
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207
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Haplodeficiency of activin receptor-like kinase 4 alleviates myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis and preserves cardiac function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 105:1-11. [PMID: 28214509 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis (CF), a repairing process following myocardial infarction (MI), is characterized by abnormal proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) resulting in inevitable resultant heart failure. TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)/ALK5 (Activin receptor-like kinase 5)/Smad2/3/4 pathways have been reported to be involved in the process. Recent studies have implicated both activin and its specific downstream component ALK4 in stimulating fibrosis in non-cardiac organs. We recently reported that ALK4 is upregulated in the pressure-overloaded heart and its partial inhibition attenuated the pressure overload-induced CF and cardiac dysfunction. However, the role of ALK4 in the pathogenesis of MI-induced CF, which is usually more severe than that induced by pressure-overload, remains unknown. Here we report: 1) In a wild-type mouse model of MI, ALK4 upregulation was restricted in the fibroblasts of the infarct border zone; 2) In contrast, ALK4+/- mice with a haplodeficiency of ALK4 gene, showed a significantly attenuated CF in the border zone, with a smaller scar size, a preserved cardiac function and an improved survival rate post-MI; 3) Similarly to pressure-overloaded heart, these beneficial effects might be through a partial inactivation of the Smad3/4 pathway but not MAPK cascades; 4) The apoptotic rate of the cardiomyocytes were indistinguishable in the border zone of the wild-type control and ALK4+/- mice; 5) Cardiac fibroblasts isolated from ALK4+/- mice showed reduced migration, proliferation and ECM synthesis in response to hypoxia. These results indicate that partial inhibition of ALK4 may reduce MI-induced CF, suggesting ALK4 as a novel target for inhibition of unfavorable CF and for preservation of LV systolic function induced by not only pressure-overload but also MI.
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208
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Gombozhapova A, Rogovskaya Y, Shurupov V, Rebenkova M, Kzhyshkowska J, Popov SV, Karpov RS, Ryabov V. Macrophage activation and polarization in post-infarction cardiac remodeling. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:13. [PMID: 28173864 PMCID: PMC5297120 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling leads to impaired ventricular function and heart failure, remaining a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with acute myocardial infarction. It have been shown that, even if all the recommended therapies for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are performed, one third of patients undergoes progressive cardiac remodeling that represents morphological basis for following heart failure. The need to extend our knowledge about factors leading to different clinical scenarios of myocardial infarction and following complications has resulted in a research of immuno-inflammatory pathways and molecular activities as the basis for post-infarction remodeling. Recently, macrophages (cells of the innate immune system) have become a subject of scientific interest under both normal and pathological conditions. Macrophages, besides their role in host protection and tissue homeostasis, play an important role in pathophysiological processes induced by myocardial infarction. In this article we summarize data about the function of monocytes and macrophages plasticity in myocardial infarction and outline potential role of these cells as effective targets to control processes of inflammation, cardiac remodeling and healing following acute coronary event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gombozhapova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012, Tomsk, Russian Federation. .,National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuliya Rogovskaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Shurupov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya Rebenkova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,University of Heidelberg, 1-3 Theodor-Kutzer Ufer, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Rostislav S Karpov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscovsky trakt, 634055, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Ryabov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscovsky trakt, 634055, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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209
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Barbarash O, Gruzdeva O, Uchasova E, Dyleva Y, Belik E, Akbasheva O, Karetnikova V, Shilov A. Prognostic Value of Soluble ST2 During Hospitalization for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Ann Lab Med 2017; 36:313-9. [PMID: 27139603 PMCID: PMC4855050 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.4.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studying the role of soluble ST2 (sST2) during hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) can be helpful for predicting the course of the hospitalization and development of complications. Methods We included 88 patients with MI (median age, 58 yr). Depending on the course of the hospitalization, the patients were divided into two groups: the favorable (n=58) and unfavorable (n=30) outcome groups. On days 1 and 12 after MI, serum sST2 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured by ELISA. Results On day 1, the concentrations of sST2 and NT-proBNP increased 2.4- and 4.5-fold, compared with the controls. Measurements on day 12 showed a significant decrease in the sST2 level (P=0.001), whereas the NT-proBNP level did not change. On day 1, the sST2 level in the unfavorable outcome group was 2-fold higher than that in the favorable outcome group and 3.7-fold higher than in the controls. On day 12, the marker level decreased in both groups. On day 1, the NT-proBNP level in the unfavorable outcome group was 6.8-fold higher than in the controls and 1.8-fold higher than in the favorable outcome group. On day 12, the level of NT-proBNP remained elevated in both groups. Determining the levels of both sST2 and NT-proBNP increases their diagnostic significance (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.2; areas under curve [AUC] 0.89; P=0.004). Conclusions The level of sST2 is a more sensitive indicator during MI hospitalization than NT-proBNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Barbarash
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Gruzdeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenya Uchasova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease, Kemerovo, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia Dyleva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Belik
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Akbasheva
- State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, Siberian State Medical University of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Karetnikova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr Shilov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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210
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Huang Q, Cai B. Exosomes as New Intercellular Mediators in Development and Therapeutics of Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:91-100. [PMID: 28936734 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is a common cardiac condition in response to hemodynamic and neurohormonal alterations. Pathological hypertrophic growth in hearts caused the decline of cardiac functions, and finally developed into congestive heart failure. The exosomes are small membrane vesicles which are secreted by various cells and play important roles in cellular communication, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Recent studies uncovered that the exosomes from cardiac fibroblasts and other tissues participates in the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Nevertheless, cardiac progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes confer protective action on myocardial hypertrophy. Thus, the exosomes serve as new intercellular mediators between cardiomyocytes and other cells, and show broad application potential in the diagnostic and therapy of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157# Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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211
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Mele D, Nardozza M, Chiodi E. Early Speckle-tracking Echocardiography Predicts Left Ventricle Remodeling after Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2017; 27:93-98. [PMID: 28758060 PMCID: PMC5516447 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prediction of the left ventricular remodeling (LVR) after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients treated with effective myocardial reperfusion is challenging. Methods: Forty-one consecutive patients (36 males, age 59 ± 10 years) with STEMI who underwent effective (TIMI III) primary coronary angioplasty were enrolled. All patients had an echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) study within 72 h from revascularization. Three echocardiographic parameters including LV ejection fraction (EF), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and severe altered longitudinal strain (SAS) area by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and 3 CMR indices including LV global function index (LV-GFI), myocardial salvage index (MSI), and microvascular obstruction (MVO) were calculated. LVR was defined as an increase in CMR LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) >15% after 6 months. Results: Of 41 patients, 10 (24%) had LVR (LV-EDV from 145.1 ± 29.3 to 185.9 ± 49.8 ml, P < 0.001). A significant correlation with LV-EDV variation was found for baseline SAS area (r = 0.81), LV-GFI (r = −0.56), MVO (r = 0.55), EF (r = −0.42), GLS (r = 0.42), not for MSI (r = −0.25). At the multivariable analysis, a significant correlation remained only for the SAS area. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a baseline SAS area ≥15% predicts LVR with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 90.3%. Conclusions: The SAS area evaluated by 2D-STE early in acute STEMI is a valuable predictor of LVR after 6 months. Further investigations are needed to verify its value in predicting patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Mele
- Department of Emergency, Noninvasive Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Nardozza
- Department of Emergency, Noninvasive Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chiodi
- Department of Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Stylianidis V, Hermans KCM, Blankesteijn WM. Wnt Signaling in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 243:371-393. [PMID: 27838851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an essential role during development, but is also activated in diseases as diverse as neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, and cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Wnt signaling is also activated during cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In this chapter, we will provide a brief overview of Wnt signaling in all its complexity. Then we will discuss the evidence for its involvement in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, the wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Finally, we will provide an overview of the drugs that are available to target Wnt signaling at different levels of the signaling cascade and the results of these pharmacological interventions in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasili Stylianidis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The risks associated with hypertension emerge through a series of complex interactions. Myocardial ischemia is the major contributor to this risk. The mechanisms driving ischemia reflect many of the key factors in hypertension, including endothelial and neurohumoral factors, fibrosis, and hemodynamics. Left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis are of fundamental importance and together with hemodynamics provide an optimal template for myocardial ischemia. Understanding the pathophysiology has aided a more rational management approach but challenges remain which, if surmounted, will have an impact on the morbidity and mortality caused by myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Stanton
- Nambour Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Medical Suites, Level 2, Nambour, Queensland 4556, Australia
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Tacrolimus Predose Concentration Is Associated With Hypertension in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63:616-623. [PMID: 26910645 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of hypertension in pediatric liver transplantation (LT) recipients using ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) and to identify factors associated with hypertension. We also investigated whether hypertension or tacrolimus predose concentration (TAC C0) was associated with increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. PATIENTS AND METHODS On a retrospective longitudinal base, we included 39 pediatric LT recipients. Median time since transplantation was 65 months (range: 11-183). Two consecutive ABPM were analyzed with a median time interval of 13 months. Data from echocardiographic evaluation parallel to the baseline ABPM were analyzed. All patients except 1 were prescribed tacrolimus. The median TAC C0 was 4 ng/mL (range 0.9-11.2). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with systolic and diastolic hypertension and LV wall thickness. RESULTS Twenty-two of 39 children were hypertensive at baseline and 19 of 32 were hypertensive at follow-up. At baseline 10 (26%) children had masked systolic hypertension. TAC C0 was associated with systolic (P = 0.007, Exp(B) 2.02, 95% CI 1.2-3.3) and diastolic (P = 0.044, Exp(B) 1.48, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) hypertension. LV wall thickness was increased in children after LT compared with healthy population, but it was not associated with hypertension or TAC C0. CONCLUSIONS Given the high prevalence of masked hypertension, ABPM should be performed in all pediatric LT recipients. Systolic and diastolic hypertension is associated with TAC C0; therefore, children with a higher target TAC C0 require a more intensive blood pressure surveillance.
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Wise P, Davies NH, Sirry MS, Kortsmit J, Dubuis L, Chai CK, Baaijens FPT, Franz T. Excessive volume of hydrogel injectates may compromise the efficacy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 32:e02772. [PMID: 26822845 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial injectates are promising as a therapy for myocardial infarction to inhibit the adverse ventricular remodeling. The current study explored interrelated effects of injectate volume and infarct size on treatment efficacy. A finite element model of a rat heart was utilized to represent ischemic infarcts of 10%, 20%, and 38% of left ventricular wall volume and polyethylene glycol hydrogel injectates of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the infarct volume. Ejection fraction was 49.7% in the healthy left ventricle and 44.9%, 46.4%, 47.4%, and 47.3% in the untreated 10% infarct and treated with 25%, 50%, and 75% injectate, respectively. Maximum end-systolic infarct fiber stress was 41.6, 53.4, 44.7, 44.0, and 45.3 kPa in the healthy heart, the untreated 10% infarct, and when treated with the three injectate volumes, respectively. Treating the 10% and 38% infarcts with the 25% injectate volume reduced the maximum end-systolic fiber stress by 16.3% and 34.7% and the associated strain by 30.2% and 9.8%, respectively. The results indicate the existence of a threshold for injectate volume above which efficacy does not further increase but may decrease. The efficacy of an injectate in reducing infarct stress and strain changes with infarct size. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wise
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Neil H Davies
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Mazin S Sirry
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Jeroen Kortsmit
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Laura Dubuis
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Chen-Ket Chai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P T Baaijens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Franz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Research Office, University of Cape Town, Mowbray, South Africa
- Center for High Performance Computing, Rosebank, South Africa
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216
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217
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Nemska S, Monassier L, Gassmann M, Frossard N, Tavakoli R. Kinetic mRNA Profiling in a Rat Model of Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy Reveals Early Expression of Chemokines and Their Receptors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161273. [PMID: 27525724 PMCID: PMC4985150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a risk factor for heart failure and death, is characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial cell proliferation, and leukocyte infiltration. Chemokines interacting with G protein-coupled chemokine receptors may play a role in LVH development by promoting recruitment of activated leukocytes or modulating left-ventricular remodeling. Using a pressure overload-induced kinetic model of LVH in rats, we examined during 14 days the expression over time of chemokine and chemokine receptor mRNAs in left ventricles from aortic-banded vs sham-operated animals. Two phases were clearly distinguished: an inflammatory phase (D3-D5) with overexpression of inflammatory genes such as il-1ß, tnfa, nlrp3, and the rela subunit of nf-kb, and a hypertrophic phase (D7-D14) where anp overexpression was accompanied by a heart weight/body weight ratio that increased by more than 20% at D14. No cardiac dysfunction was detectable by echocardiography at the latter time point. Of the 36 chemokines and 20 chemokine receptors analyzed by a Taqman Low Density Array panel, we identified at D3 (the early inflammatory phase) overexpression of mRNAs for the monocyte chemotactic proteins CCL2 (12-fold increase), CCL7 (7-fold increase), and CCL12 (3-fold increase), for the macrophage inflammatory proteins CCL3 (4-fold increase), CCL4 (2-fold increase), and CCL9 (2-fold increase), for their receptors CCR2 (4-fold increase), CCR1 (3-fold increase), and CCR5 (3-fold increase), and for CXCL1 (8-fold increase) and CXCL16 (2-fold increase). During the hypertrophic phase mRNA expression of chemokines and receptors returned to the baseline levels observed at D0. Hence, this first exhaustive study of chemokine and chemokine receptor mRNA expression kinetics reports early expression of monocyte/macrophage-related chemokines and their receptors during the development of LVH in rats, followed by regulation of inflammation as LVH progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nemska
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, Université de Strasbourg—CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire EA7296, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Frossard
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, Université de Strasbourg—CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail: (RT); (NF)
| | - Reza Tavakoli
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Canton Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (RT); (NF)
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218
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Sulforaphane effects on postinfarction cardiac remodeling in rats: modulation of redox-sensitive prosurvival and proapoptotic proteins. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:106-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cabiati M, Svezia B, Matteucci M, Botta L, Pucci A, Rinaldi M, Caselli C, Lionetti V, Del Ry S. Myocardial Expression Analysis of Osteopontin and Its Splice Variants in Patients Affected by End-Stage Idiopathic or Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160110. [PMID: 27479215 PMCID: PMC4968805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoglycoprotein of cardiac extracellular matrix and it is still poorly defined whether its expression changes in failing heart of different origin. The full-length OPN-a and its isoforms (OPN-b, OPN-c) transcriptomic profile were evaluated in myocardium of patients with dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy (DCM n = 8; LVEF% = 17.5±3; ICM n = 8; LVEF% = 19.5±5.2) and in auricle of valvular patients (VLP n = 5; LVEF%≥50), by Real-time PCR analysis. OPN-a and thrombin mRNA levels resulted significantly higher in DCM compared to ICM patients (DCM:31.3±7.4, ICM:2.7±1.1, p = 0.0002; DCM:19.1±4.9, ICM:5.4±2.2, p = 0.007, respectively). Although both genes’ mRNA levels increased in patients with LVEF<50% (DCM+ICM) with respect to VLP with LVEF>50%, a significant increase in OPN (p = 0.0004) and thrombin (p = 0.001) expression was observed only in DCM. In addition, a correlation between OPN-a and thrombin was found in patients with LVEF<50% (r = 0.6; p = 0.003). The mRNA pattern was confirmed by OPN-a cardiac protein concentration (VLP:1.127±0.26; DCM:1.29±0.22; ICM:1.00±0.077 ng/ml). The OPN splice variants expression were detectable only in ICM (OPN-b: 0.357±0.273; OPN-c: 0.091±0.033) and not in DCM patients. A significant correlation was observed between collagen type I, evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis, and both OPN-a mRNA expression (r = 0.87, p = 0.002) and OPN protein concentrations (r = 0.77, p = 0.016). Concluding, OPN-a and thrombin mRNA resulted dependent on the origin of heart failure while OPN-b and OPN-c highlighted a different expression for DCM and ICM patients, suggesting their correlation with different clinical-pathophysiological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedetta Svezia
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Matteucci
- Laboratory of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Botta
- Department of cardiac Surgery, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pucci
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Rinaldi
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Cardiothoracic Department, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio Molinette, and University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Laboratory of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail: (SDR); (VL)
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail: (SDR); (VL)
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Berridge BR, Mowat V, Nagai H, Nyska A, Okazaki Y, Clements PJ, Rinke M, Snyder PW, Boyle MC, Wells MY. Non-proliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Cardiovascular System of the Rat and Mouse. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:1S-47S. [PMID: 27621537 PMCID: PMC5013710 DOI: 10.1293/tox.29.3s-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria
for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic
Pathology from Japan (JSTP), Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP) and North America (STP)
to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The primary purpose of this publication
is to provide a standardized nomenclature for characterizing lesions observed in the
cardiovascular (CV) system of rats and mice commonly used in drug or chemical safety
assessment. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available
electronically for society members on the internet (http://goreni.org). Accurate and
precise morphologic descriptions of changes in the CV system are important for
understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of those changes, differentiation of natural
and induced injuries and their ultimate functional consequence. Challenges in nomenclature
are associated with lesions or pathologic processes that may present as a temporal or
pathogenic spectrum or when natural and induced injuries share indistinguishable features.
Specific nomenclature recommendations are offered to provide a consistent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hirofumi Nagai
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Timrat, Israel
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Tuttolomondo A, Simonetta I, Pinto A. MicroRNA and receptor mediated signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets in heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1287-1300. [PMID: 27409295 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1212017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac remodelling is a complex pathogenetic pathway involving genome expression, molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that cause changes in size, shape and function of the heart after cardiac injury. Areas covered: We will review recent advances in understanding the role of several receptor-mediated signaling pathways and micro-RNAs, in addition to their potential as candidate target pathways in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The myocyte is the main target cell involved in the remodelling process via ischemia, cell necrosis and apoptosis (by means of various receptor pathways), and other mechanisms mediated by micro-RNAs. We will analyze the role of some receptor mediated signaling pathways such as natriuretic peptides, mediators of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and ERK1/2 pathways, beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes and relaxin receptor signaling mechanisms, TNF/TNF receptor family and TWEAK/Fn14 axis, and some micro-RNAs as candidate target pathways in pathogenesis of heart failure. These mediators of receptor-mediated pathways and micro-RNA are the most addressed targets of emerging therapies in modern heart failure treatment strategies. Expert opinion: Future treatment strategies should address mediators involved in multiple steps within heart failure pathogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- a U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Irene Simonetta
- a U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- a U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
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Sager HB, Hulsmans M, Lavine KJ, Moreira MB, Heidt T, Courties G, Sun Y, Iwamoto Y, Tricot B, Khan OF, Dahlman JE, Borodovsky A, Fitzgerald K, Anderson DG, Weissleder R, Libby P, Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M. Proliferation and Recruitment Contribute to Myocardial Macrophage Expansion in Chronic Heart Failure. Circ Res 2016; 119:853-64. [PMID: 27444755 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Macrophages reside in the healthy myocardium, participate in ischemic heart disease, and modulate myocardial infarction (MI) healing. Their origin and roles in post-MI remodeling of nonischemic remote myocardium, however, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the number, origin, phenotype, and function of remote cardiac macrophages residing in the nonischemic myocardium in mice with chronic heart failure after coronary ligation. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight weeks post MI, fate mapping and flow cytometry revealed that a 2.9-fold increase in remote macrophages results from both increased local macrophage proliferation and monocyte recruitment. Heart failure produced by extensive MI, through activation of the sympathetic nervous system, expanded medullary and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Circulating Ly6C(high) monocytes rose from 64±5 to 108±9 per microliter of blood (P<0.05). Cardiac monocyte recruitment declined in Ccr2(-/-) mice, reducing macrophage numbers in the failing myocardium. Mechanical strain of primary murine and human macrophage cultures promoted cell cycle entry, suggesting that the increased wall tension in post-MI heart failure stimulates local macrophage proliferation. Strained cells activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, whereas specific inhibitors of this pathway reduced macrophage proliferation in strained cell cultures and in the failing myocardium (P<0.05). Steady-state cardiac macrophages, monocyte-derived macrophages, and locally sourced macrophages isolated from failing myocardium expressed different genes in a pattern distinct from the M1/M2 macrophage polarization paradigm. In vivo silencing of endothelial cell adhesion molecules curbed post-MI monocyte recruitment to the remote myocardium and preserved ejection fraction (27.4±2.4 versus 19.1±2%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial failure is influenced by an altered myeloid cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik B Sager
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.).
| | - Maarten Hulsmans
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Kory J Lavine
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Marina B Moreira
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Timo Heidt
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Gabriel Courties
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Benoit Tricot
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Omar F Khan
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - James E Dahlman
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Anna Borodovsky
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Kevin Fitzgerald
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.).
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Li C, Chen Z, Yang H, Luo F, Chen L, Cai H, Li Y, You G, Long D, Li S, Zhang Q, Rao L. Selumetinib, an Oral Anti-Neoplastic Drug, May Attenuate Cardiac Hypertrophy via Targeting the ERK Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159079. [PMID: 27438013 PMCID: PMC4954659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Although extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) are a well-known central mediator in cardiac hypertrophy, no clinically available ERK antagonist has been tested for preventing cardiac hypertrophy. Selumetinib is a novel oral MEK inhibitor that is currently under Phase II and Phase III clinical investigation for advanced solid tumors. In this study, we investigated whether Selumetinib could inhibit the aberrant ERK activation of the heart in response to stress as well as prevent cardiac hypertrophy. Methods and Results In an in vitro model of PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy, Selumetinib significantly inhibited the ERK activation and prevented enlargement of cardiomyocytes or reactivation of certain fetal genes. In the pathologic cardiac hypertrophy model of ascending aortic constriction, Selumetinib provided significant ERK inhibition in the stressed heart but not in the other organs. This selective ERK inhibition prevented left ventricular (LV) wall thickening, LV mass increase, fetal gene reactivation and cardiac fibrosis. In another distinct physiologic cardiac hypertrophy model of a swimming rat, Selumetinib provided a similar anti-hypertrophy effect, except that no significant fetal gene reactivation or cardiac fibrosis was observed. Conclusions Selumetinib, a novel oral anti-cancer drug with good safety records in a number of Phase II clinical trials, can inhibit ERK activity in the heart and prevent cardiac hypertrophy. These promising results indicate that Selumetinib could potentially be used to treat cardiac hypertrophy. However, this hypothesis needs to be validated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongxiu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangbo Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Community Health Center of Shuangnan Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiying You
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Long
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, High-tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, High-tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Rao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Lister Z, Rayner KJ, Suuronen EJ. How Biomaterials Can Influence Various Cell Types in the Repair and Regeneration of the Heart after Myocardial Infarction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:62. [PMID: 27486578 PMCID: PMC4948030 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy heart comprises many different cell types that work together to preserve optimal function. However, in a diseased heart the function of one or more cell types is compromised which can lead to many adverse events, one of which is myocardial infarction (MI). Immediately after MI, the cardiac environment is characterized by excessive cardiomyocyte death and inflammatory signals leading to the recruitment of macrophages to clear the debris. Proliferating fibroblasts then invade, and a collagenous scar is formed to prevent rupture. Better functional restoration of the heart is not achieved due to the limited regenerative capacity of cardiac tissue. To address this, biomaterial therapy is being investigated as an approach to improve regeneration in the infarcted heart, as they can possess the potential to control cell function in the infarct environment and limit the adverse compensatory changes that occur post-MI. Over the past decade, there has been considerable research into the development of biomaterials for cardiac regeneration post-MI; and various effects have been observed on different cell types depending on the biomaterial that is applied. Biomaterial treatment has been shown to enhance survival, improve function, promote proliferation, and guide the mobilization and recruitment of different cells in the post-MI heart. This review will provide a summary on the biomaterials developed to enhance cardiac regeneration and remodeling post-MI with a focus on how they control macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. A better understanding of how a biomaterial interacts with the different cell types in the heart may lead to the development of a more optimized biomaterial therapy for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Lister
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Atherosclerosis, Genomics and Cell Biology Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Fonseca C. Reverse remodeling: Much room for research. Rev Port Cardiol 2016; 35:261-4. [PMID: 27173744 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Fonseca
- Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Hospital de S. Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Fonseca C. Reverse remodeling: Much room for research. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bai Y, Wang X, Shen L, Jiang K, Ding X, Cappetta D, Zhou J, Ge J, Zou Y. Mechanical Stress Regulates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Angiogenesis Through VEGF Receptor Endocytosis. Int Heart J 2016; 57:356-62. [PMID: 27150003 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical goal of cell-based treatment for chronic heart failure is to coordinately reconstitute the cardiomyocytes and associated circulation environment including coronary resistance arteries, arterioles, and capillary profiles.(1)) This goal can be possibly achieved by implementing multipotent adult stem cells. However, it remains a challenge to modify the capillary network in the decompensated heart. A mechanical stress model was used in this study to mimic the hemodynamic and hormonal states of the decompensated heart in vitro. The angiogenesis role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) under stress has been well-recognized in vascular repair. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of EPCs in this model. We found that expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in EPCs was significantly decreased by mechanical stress, and this effect was accompanied by a decrease in angiogenesis in vitro. Interestingly, the defective angiogenesis can be reversed by upregulating the membrane VEGF receptor (VEGFR) endocytosis. An atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) inhibitor can promote the VEGFR internalization in EPCs and enhance the formation of vascular networks. Thus, the upregulation of VEGFR endocytosis in EPCs could be a potential therapy for the cell-based treatment of chronic heart failure by enhancing the cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Bai
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
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Gruzdeva OV, Akbasheva OE, Uchasova EG, Dyleva YA, Fedorova NV, Karetnikova VN, Kashtalap VV, Barbarash OL. [Diagnostic value of the stimulating growth factor ST2 during hospitalization for myocardial infarction]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 88:9-15. [PMID: 27070156 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh20168849-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the concentration of the stimulating growth factor ST2 and its relationship to the clinical course of myocardial infarction (MI) over time during hospitalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-eight MI patients whose mean age was 59±8.36 years were examined. On days 1 and 12 of MI, the serum levels of ST2 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were determined by ELISA. A control group consisted of 30 people. RESULTS On day 1 of hospitalization for MI, the concentrations of ST2 and NT-proBNP were higher 2.4 and 4.5 times, respectively, than those in the controls; by day 12, there was a statistically significant decrease in the level of ST2 while that of NT-proBNP was unchanged. During hospitalization, the investigators recorded MI complications, according to which the patients were divided into favorable and unfavorable MI groups. On day 1 of hospitalization, the level of ST2 in the patients with unfavorable MI was twice higher than in those with favorable MI and 3.7 times higher than in the control group. On day 12, both favorable and unfavorable MI groups showed a reduction in the level of the marker. On day 1 of MI, the concentration of NT-proBNP in the patients with a poor prognosis was 6.8 times greater than in the controls and 1.8 times more than in the patients with a good prognosis. On day 12, NT-proBNP levels remained elevated in both groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the determination of ST2 in combination with NT-proBNP increased their diagnostic significance (odds ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.7-3.2; area under characteristic curve, 0.89; p=0.004). CONCLUSION The level of ST2 was a more sensitive indicator of hospitalization for MI than that of NT-proBNP. The combined use of ST2 and NT-proBNP was found to have a high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Gruzdeva
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - O E Akbasheva
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E G Uchasova
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Yu A Dyleva
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - N V Fedorova
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - V N Karetnikova
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia; Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - V V Kashtalap
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia; Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - O L Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia; Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo, Russia
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Abstract
Wnt signaling encompasses multiple and complex signaling cascades and is involved in many developmental processes such as tissue patterning, cell fate specification, and control of cell division. Consequently, accurate regulation of signaling activities is essential for proper embryonic development. Wnt signaling is mostly silent in the healthy adult organs but a reactivation of Wnt signaling is generally observed under pathological conditions. This has generated increasing interest in this pathway from a therapeutic point of view. In this review article, the involvement of Wnt signaling in cardiovascular development will be outlined, followed by its implication in myocardial infarct healing, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis. The initial experiments not always offer consensus on the effects of activation or inactivation of the pathway, which may be attributed to (i) the type of cardiac disease, (ii) timing of the intervention, and (iii) type of cells that are targeted. Therefore, more research is needed to determine the exact implication of Wnt signaling in the conditions mentioned above to exploit it as a powerful therapeutic target.
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Rodrigues PG, Leite-Moreira AF, Falcão-Pires I. Myocardial reverse remodeling: how far can we rewind? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1402-22. [PMID: 26993225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00696.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a systemic disease that can be divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF accounts for over 50% of all HF patients and is typically associated with high prevalence of several comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary hypertension, obesity, and atrial fibrillation. Myocardial remodeling occurs both in HFrEF and HFpEF and it involves changes in cardiac structure, myocardial composition, and myocyte deformation and multiple biochemical and molecular alterations that impact heart function and its reserve capacity. Understanding the features of myocardial remodeling has become a major objective for limiting or reversing its progression, the latter known as reverse remodeling (RR). Research on HFrEF RR process is broader and has delivered effective therapeutic strategies, which have been employed for some decades. However, the RR process in HFpEF is less clear partly due to the lack of information on HFpEF pathophysiology and to the long list of failed standard HF therapeutics strategies in these patient's outcomes. Nevertheless, new proteins, protein-protein interactions, and signaling pathways are being explored as potential new targets for HFpEF remodeling and RR. Here, we review recent translational and clinical research in HFpEF myocardial remodeling to provide an overview on the most important features of RR, comparing HFpEF with HFrEF conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia G Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Zhou N, Zhu Y, Zhang P, Zhang YU, Zhou M, Wang T, He L. Imperatorin derivative OW1 inhibits the upregulation of TGF-β and MMP-2 in renovascular hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1748-1754. [PMID: 27168797 PMCID: PMC4840669 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypertension induces vascular and cardiac remodeling. OW1 is a novel imperatorin derivative that was previously reported to inhibit vascular remodeling and improve kidney function affected by hypertension. In the present study, the effect of OW1 on the cardiac remodeling induced by hypertension was investigated. OW1 inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and the phenotypic modulation of VSMCs induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). The OW1-induced vasodilatation of rat cardiac arteries was evaluated in vitro. Renovascular hypertensive rats were developed using the two-kidney one-clip method and treated with OW1 (40 or 80 mg/kg/day) or nifedipine (30 mg/kg per day) for 5 weeks. OW1 markedly reduced the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with that in the hypertension group or the respective baseline value during the first week. OW1 also reduced cardiac weight, and the concentrations of Ang II, aldosterone and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Histological examination demonstrated that OW1 exerted an inhibitory effect on vascular and cardiac remodeling. These inhibitory effects were associated with decreased cardiac levels of Ang II, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and TGF-β1 in the hypertensive rats. In summary, OW1 exhibited a clear antihypertensive effect. More importantly, it inhibited vascular and cardiovascular remodeling, which may reduce the risk of hypertension-induced cardiovascular diseases. These results have potential implications in the development of new antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yaning Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Y U Zhang
- Institute of Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Zhou
- Xi'an Medical Emergency Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Langchong He
- Institute of Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Izeli NL, Santos AJD, Crescêncio JC, Gonçalves ACCR, Papa V, Marques F, Pazin-Filho A, Gallo-Júnior L, Schmidt A. Aerobic Training after Myocardial Infarction: Remodeling Evaluated by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. Arq Bras Cardiol 2016; 106:311-8. [PMID: 26959403 PMCID: PMC4845704 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20160031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies show the benefits of exercise training after myocardial
infarction (MI). Nevertheless, the effects on function and remodeling are
still controversial. Objectives To evaluate, in patients after (MI), the effects of aerobic exercise of
moderate intensity on ventricular remodeling by cardiac magnetic resonance
imaging (CMR). Methods 26 male patients, 52.9 ± 7.9 years, after a first MI, were assigned to
groups: trained group (TG), 18; and control group (CG), 8. The TG performed
supervised aerobic exercise on treadmill twice a week, and unsupervised
sessions on 2 additional days per week, for at least 3 months. Laboratory
tests, anthropometric measurements, resting heart rate (HR), exercise test,
and CMR were conducted at baseline and follow-up. Results The TG showed a 10.8% reduction in fasting blood glucose (p = 0.01), and a
7.3-bpm reduction in resting HR in both sitting and supine positions (p <
0.0001). There was an increase in oxygen uptake only in the TG (35.4
± 8.1 to 49.1 ± 9.6 mL/kg/min, p < 0.0001). There was a
statistically significant decrease in the TG left ventricular mass (LVmass)
(128.7 ± 38.9 to 117.2 ± 27.2 g, p = 0.0032). There were no
statistically significant changes in the values of left ventricular
end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and ejection fraction in the groups. The
LVmass/EDV ratio demonstrated a statistically significant positive
remodeling in the TG (p = 0.015). Conclusions Aerobic exercise of moderate intensity improved physical capacity and other
cardiovascular variables. A positive remodeling was identified in the TG,
where a left ventricular diastolic dimension increase was associated with
LVmass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Lino Izeli
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio César Crescêncio
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Papa
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Marques
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Pazin-Filho
- Divisão de Emergência, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Gallo-Júnior
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - André Schmidt
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Following the recognition that hematopoietic stem cells improve the outcome of myocardial infarction in animal models, bone marrow mononuclear cells, CD34-positive cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells have been introduced clinically. The intracoronary or intramyocardial injection of these cell classes has been shown to be safe and to produce a modest but significant enhancement in systolic function. However, the identification of resident cardiac stem cells in the human heart (hCSCs) has created great expectation concerning the potential implementation of this category of autologous cells for the management of the human disease. Although phase 1 clinical trials have been conducted with encouraging results, the search for the most powerful hCSC for myocardial regeneration is in its infancy. This manuscript discusses the efforts performed in our laboratory to characterize the critical biological variables that define the growth reserve of hCSCs. Based on the theory of the immortal DNA template, we propose that stem cells retaining the old DNA represent 1 of the most powerful cells for myocardial regeneration. Similarly, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors in hCSCs recognizes a cell phenotype with superior replicating reserve. However, the impressive recovery in ventricular hemodynamics and anatomy mediated by clonal hCSCs carrying the "mother" DNA underscores the clinical relevance of this hCSC class for the treatment of human heart failure.
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235
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Awada HK, Hwang MP, Wang Y. Towards comprehensive cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction: Aspects to consider and proteins to deliver. Biomaterials 2016; 82:94-112. [PMID: 26757257 PMCID: PMC4872516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, many pathological changes take place and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the heart. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the cargo proteins and the spatiotemporal control of their release. It is likely that multiple proteins will provide a more comprehensive and functional recovery of the heart in a controlled release strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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236
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Postinfarct Left Ventricular Remodelling: A Prevailing Cause of Heart Failure. Cardiol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2579832. [PMID: 26989555 PMCID: PMC4775793 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2579832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality, which represents a growing challenge in medicine. A major risk factor for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is a history of myocardial infarction. The expansion of a large infarct scar and subsequent regional ventricular dilatation can cause postinfarct remodelling, leading to significant enlargement of the left ventricular chamber. It has a negative prognostic value, because it precedes the clinical manifestations of heart failure. The characteristics of the infarcted myocardium predicting postinfarct remodelling can be studied with cardiac magnetic resonance and experimental imaging modalities such as diffusion tensor imaging can identify the changes in the architecture of myocardial fibers. This review discusses all the aspects related to postinfarct left ventricular remodelling: definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, consequences, and available therapies, together with experimental interventions that show promising results against postinfarct remodelling and heart failure.
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237
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Ma SP, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Tissue-Engineering for the Study of Cardiac Biomechanics. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:021010. [PMID: 26720588 PMCID: PMC4845250 DOI: 10.1115/1.4032355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The notion that both adaptive and maladaptive cardiac remodeling occurs in response to mechanical loading has informed recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering. Today, human cardiac tissues engineered in vitro offer complementary knowledge to that currently provided by animal models, with profound implications to personalized medicine. We review here recent advances in the understanding of the roles of mechanical signals in normal and pathological cardiac function, and their application in clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies to regenerative medicine and in vitro study of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Columbia University,
622 West 168th Street,
VC12-234,
New York, NY 10032
e-mail:
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Department of Medicine,
Columbia University,
622 West 168th Street,
VC12-234,
New York, NY 10032
e-mail:
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238
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Pofi R, Gianfrilli D, Badagliacca R, Di Dato C, Venneri MA, Giannetta E. Everything you ever wanted to know about phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and the heart (but never dared ask): How do they work? J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:131-42. [PMID: 26142740 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) were developed while investigating novel treatments for coronary artery disease, but their andrological side effects shifted their indication toward the management of erectile dysfunction. Although PDE5i are now also indicated for pulmonary arterial hypertension and there are mounting preclinical and clinical evidences about their potentially beneficial cardiac effects, their use remains controversial and the involved mechanisms remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review aimed to analyze the effects of PDE5i administration in various animal and humans models of cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS Animal studies have shown that PDE5i have protective effects in several models of cardiac disease. In humans, some studies showed that PDE5i improves microvascular and endothelial dysfunction and exerts positive effects in different samples of cardiovascular (CV) impairment. In contrast, other studies found no benefit (and no harm) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The discrepancies in these findings are likely related to the fact that the mechanisms targeted by PDE5i in human disease are still poorly understood and the target population not yet identified. The mechanisms of actions herein reviewed suggest that hypertrophy, microvascular impairment, and inflammation, should be variably present for PDE5i to work. All these conditions frequently coexist in diabetes. A gender responsiveness has also been recently proposed. CONCLUSIONS Continuous PDE5 inhibition may exert cardioprotective effects, improving endothelial function and counteracting cardiac remodeling in some but not all conditions. A better patient selection could help to clarify the controversies on PDE5i use for CV disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - D Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - R Badagliacca
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - C Di Dato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - E Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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239
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Wu M, Wu D, Wang C, Guo Z, Li B, Zuo Z. Hexabromocyclododecane exposure induces cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmia by inhibiting miR-1 expression via up-regulation of the homeobox gene Nkx2.5. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 302:304-313. [PMID: 26476318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants. Although studies have reported that HBCD can cause a wide range of toxic effects on animals including humans, limited information can be found about its cardiac toxicity. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to HBCD at low concentrations of 0, 2, 20 and 200 nM. The results showed that HBCD exposure could induce cardiac hypertrophy and increased deposition of collagen. In addition, disordered calcium (Ca(2+)) handling was observed in H9C2 rat cardiomyocyte cells exposed to HBCD. Using small RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR, HBCD exposure was shown to induce significant changes in the miRNA expression profile associated with the cardiovascular system. Further findings indicated that miR-1, which was depressed by Nkx2.5, might play a fundamental role in mediating cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmia via its target genes Mef2a and Irx5 after HBCD treatment. HBCD exposure induced an arrhythmogenic disorder, which was triggered by the imbalance of Ryr2, Serca2a and Ncx1 expression, inducing Ca(2+) overload in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and high Ca(2+)-ATPase activities in the H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhizhun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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240
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Mewhort HEM, Lipon BD, Svystonyuk DA, Teng G, Guzzardi DG, Silva C, Yong VW, Fedak PWM. Monocytes increase human cardiac myofibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling through TGF-β1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H716-24. [PMID: 26801303 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00309.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac myofibroblasts remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM), preventing mechanical complications. However, prolonged myofibroblast activity leads to dysregulation of the ECM, maladaptive remodeling, fibrosis, and heart failure (HF). Chronic inflammation is believed to drive persistent myofibroblast activity; however, the mechanisms are unclear. We assessed the influence of peripheral blood monocytes on human cardiac myofibroblast activity in a three-dimensional (3D) ECM microenvironment. Human cardiac myofibroblasts isolated from surgical biopsies of the right atrium and left ventricle were seeded into 3D collagen matrices. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from healthy human donors and cocultured with myofibroblasts. Monocytes increased myofibroblast activity measured by collagen gel contraction (baseline: 57.6 ± 5.9% vs. coculture: 65.2 ± 7.1% contraction; P < 0.01) and increased local ECM remodeling quantified by confocal microscopy. Under coculture conditions that allow indirect cellular interaction via paracrine factors but prevent direct cell-cell contact, monocytes had minimal effects on myofibroblast activity (17.9 ± 11.1% vs. 6.4 ± 7.0% increase, respectively; P < 0.01). When cells were cultured under direct contact conditions, multiplex analysis of the coculture media revealed an increase in the paracrine factors TGF-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 compared with baseline (122.9 ± 10.1 pg/ml and 3,496.0 ± 190.4 pg/ml, respectively, vs. 21.5 ± 16.3 pg/ml and 183.3 ± 43.9 pg/ml; P < 0.001). TGF-β blockade abolished the monocyte-induced increase in cardiac myofibroblast activity. These data suggest that direct cell-cell interaction between monocytes and cardiac myofibroblasts stimulates TGF-β-mediated myofibroblast activity and increases remodeling of local matrix. Peripheral blood monocyte interaction with human cardiac myofibroblasts stimulates myofibroblast activity through release of TGF-β1. These data implicate inflammation as a potential driver of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E M Mewhort
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; and
| | - Brodie D Lipon
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; and
| | - Daniyil A Svystonyuk
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; and
| | - Guoqi Teng
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; and
| | - David G Guzzardi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; and
| | - Claudia Silva
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; and
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241
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Meah VL, Cockcroft JR, Backx K, Shave R, Stöhr EJ. Cardiac output and related haemodynamics during pregnancy: a series of meta-analyses. Heart 2016; 102:518-26. [PMID: 26794234 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac output, a fundamental parameter of cardiovascular function, has consistently been shown to increase across healthy pregnancy; however, the time course and magnitude of adaptation remains equivocal within published literature. The aim of the present meta-analyses was to comprehensively describe the pattern of change in cardiac output during healthy pregnancy. METHOD A series of meta-analyses of previously published cardiac output data during healthy, singleton pregnancies was completed. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies published between 1996 and 2014. Included studies reported absolute values during a predetermined gestational age (non-pregnant, late first trimester, early and late second trimester, early and late third trimester, early and late postpartum). Cardiac output was measured through echocardiography, impedance cardiography or inert gas rebreathing. Observational data were meta-analysed at each gestational age using a random-effects model. If reported, related haemodynamic variables were evaluated. RESULTS In total, 39 studies were eligible for inclusion, with pooled sample sizes ranging from 259 to 748. Cardiac output increased during pregnancy reaching its peak in the early third trimester, 1.5 L/min (31%) above non-pregnant values. The observed results from this study indicated a non-linear rise to this point. In the early postpartum, cardiac output had returned to non-pregnant values. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that cardiac output peaks in the early third trimester, following a non-linear pattern of adaptation; however, this must be confirmed using longitudinal studies. The findings provide new insight into the normal progression of cardiac output during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Meah
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Karianne Backx
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rob Shave
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eric J Stöhr
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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242
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Keen AN, Fenna AJ, McConnell JC, Sherratt MJ, Gardner P, Shiels HA. The Dynamic Nature of Hypertrophic and Fibrotic Remodeling of the Fish Ventricle. Front Physiol 2016; 6:427. [PMID: 26834645 PMCID: PMC4720793 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pressure or volume overload can cause the vertebrate heart to remodel. The hearts of fish remodel in response to seasonal temperature change. Here we focus on the passive properties of the fish heart. Building upon our previous work on thermal-remodeling of the rainbow trout ventricle, we hypothesized that chronic cooling would initiate fibrotic cardiac remodeling, with increased myocardial stiffness, similar to that seen with pathological hypertrophy in mammals. We hypothesized that, in contrast to pathological hypertrophy in mammals, the remodeling response in fish would be plastic and the opposite response would occur following chronic warming. Rainbow trout held at 10°C (control group) were chronically (>8 weeks) exposed to cooling (5°C) or warming (18°C). Chronic cold induced hypertrophy in the highly trabeculated inner layer of the fish heart, with a 41% increase in myocyte bundle cross-sectional area, and an up-regulation of hypertrophic marker genes. Cold acclimation also increased collagen deposition by 1.7-fold and caused an up-regulation of collagen promoting genes. In contrast, chronic warming reduced myocyte bundle cross-sectional area, expression of hypertrophic markers and collagen deposition. Functionally, the cold-induced fibrosis and hypertrophy were associated with increased passive stiffness of the whole ventricle and with increased micromechanical stiffness of tissue sections. The opposite occurred with chronic warming. These findings suggest chronic cooling in the trout heart invokes a hypertrophic phenotype with increased cardiac stiffness and fibrosis that are associated with pathological hypertrophy in the mammalian heart. The loss of collagen and increased compliance following warming is particularly interesting as it suggests fibrosis may oscillate seasonally in the fish heart, revealing a more dynamic nature than the fibrosis associated with dysfunction in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Keen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Fenna
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - James C McConnell
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Gardner
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
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243
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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery System Modulates Ischemic Cardiac Remodeling With an Increase of Coronary Artery Blood Flow. Mol Ther 2016; 24:805-11. [PMID: 26782638 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ways for extending the longevity of stem cells are imperative to attain diverse expected therapeutic effects. Here, we constructed a three-dimentional (3D) scaffold system for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) delivery. Intramyocardial injections of porous PEI1.8k blended with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (PLGA/PEI1.8k) (PPP) microparticles by physical electrostatic conjugation and structural entrapment of hMSCs demonstrated enhanced functional and geometric improvements on post-infarct cardiac remodeling in rats. In the hMSC-loaded PPP delivery, increases of coronary artery blood flow rate and in vivo engraftment rate as well as time-dependent functional, geometric, and pathologic findings reversing post-infarct cardiac remodeling account for improved left ventricular (LV) systolic function up to the level of sham thoracotomy group. This study expands our understanding by proving that increase of coronary artery blood flow augmented functional recovery of hMSC-loaded PPP delivery system after myocardial infarction (MI).
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244
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Parsa H, Ronaldson K, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Bioengineering methods for myocardial regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:195-202. [PMID: 26150344 PMCID: PMC4698189 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The challenging task of heart regeneration is being pursued in three related directions: derivation of cardiomyocytes from human stem cells, in vitro engineering and maturation of cardiac tissues, and development of methods for controllable cell delivery into the heart. In this review, we focus on tissue engineering methods that recapitulate biophysical signaling found during normal heart development and maturation. We discuss the use of scaffold-bioreactor systems for engineering functional human cardiac tissues, and the methods for delivering stem cells, cardiomyocytes and engineered tissues into the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Parsa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kacey Ronaldson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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245
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Wilson MG, Ellison GM, Cable NT. Basic science behind the cardiovascular benefits of exercise. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:93-9. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-306596rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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246
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Abdalla AN, Hassan Almaliki W, Hasan Mukhtar M, Anwar F, Shahid I, Menshawi SA, Alsulimani TS. Ameliorative Influence of Dietary Dates on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2016.78042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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247
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Behnes M, Bertsch T, Weiss C, Ahmad-Nejad P, Akin I, Fastner C, El-Battrawy I, Lang S, Neumaier M, Borggrefe M, Hoffmann U. Triple head-to-head comparison of fibrotic biomarkers galectin-3, osteopontin and gremlin-1 for long-term prognosis in suspected and proven acute heart failure patients. Int J Cardiol 2016; 203:398-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rangrez AY, Eden M, Poyanmehr R, Kuhn C, Stiebeling K, Dierck F, Bernt A, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Weiler H, Kirchof P, Frank D, Frey N. Myozap Deficiency Promotes Adverse Cardiac Remodeling via Differential Regulation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase/Serum-response Factor and β-Catenin/GSK-3β Protein Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4128-43. [PMID: 26719331 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.689620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intercalated disc (ID) is a "hot spot" for heart disease, as several ID proteins have been found mutated in cardiomyopathy. Myozap is a recent addition to the list of ID proteins and has been implicated in serum-response factor signaling. To elucidate the cardiac consequences of targeted deletion of myozap in vivo, we generated myozap-null mutant (Mzp(-/-)) mice. Although Mzp(-/-) mice did not exhibit a baseline phenotype, increased biomechanical stress due to pressure overload led to accelerated cardiac hypertrophy, accompanied by "super"-induction of fetal genes, including natriuretic peptides A and B (Nppa/Nppb). Moreover, Mzp(-/-) mice manifested a severe reduction of contractile function, signs of heart failure, and increased mortality. Expression of other ID proteins like N-cadherin, desmoplakin, connexin-43, and ZO-1 was significantly perturbed upon pressure overload, underscored by disorganization of the IDs in Mzp(-/-) mice. Exploration of the molecular causes of enhanced cardiac hypertrophy revealed significant activation of β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling, whereas MAPK and MKL1/serum-response factor pathways were inhibited. In summary, myozap is required for proper adaptation to increased biomechanical stress. In broader terms, our data imply an essential function of the ID in cardiac remodeling beyond a mere structural role and emphasize the need for a better understanding of this molecular structure in the context of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
| | - Matthias Eden
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
| | - Reza Poyanmehr
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
| | - Christian Kuhn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
| | - Katharina Stiebeling
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
| | - Franziska Dierck
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
| | - Alexander Bernt
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
| | - Renate Lüllmann-Rauch
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel D-24105, Germany
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- the Anatomical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchof
- the Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, and
| | - Derk Frank
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
| | - Norbert Frey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, and
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249
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Shetye A, Nazir SA, Squire IB, McCann GP. Global myocardial strain assessment by different imaging modalities to predict outcomes after ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A systematic review. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:948-960. [PMID: 26730301 PMCID: PMC4691822 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i12.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To conduct a systematic review relating myocardial strain assessed by different imaging modalities for prognostication following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
METHODS: An online literature search was performed in PubMed and OVID® electronic databases to identify any studies that assessed global myocardial strain parameters using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) and/or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) techniques [either myocardial tagging or feature tracking (FT) software] in an acute STEMI cohort (days 0-14 post-event) to predict prognosis [either development of major adverse cardiac events (MACE)] or adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling at follow-up (≥ 6 mo for MACE, ≥ 3 mo for remodelling). Search was restricted to studies within the last 20 years. All studies that matched the pre-defined search criteria were reviewed and their results interpreted. Due to considerable heterogeneity between studies, meta-analysis was not performed.
RESULTS: A total of seven studies (n = 7) were identified that matched the search criteria. All studies used STE to evaluate strain parameters - five (n = 5) assessed global longitudinal strain (GLS) (n = 5), one assessed GLS rate (GLS-R) (n = 1) and one assessed both (n = 1). Three studies showed that GLS independently predicted the development of adverse LV remodelling by multivariate analysis - odds ratio between 1.19 (CI: 1.04-1.37, P < 0.05) and 10 (CI: 6.7-14, P < 0.001) depending on the study. Four studies showed that GLS predicted the development of MACE - hazard ratio (HR) between 1.1 (CI: 1-1.1, P = 0.006) and 2.34 (1.10-4.97, P < 0.05). One paper found that GLS-R could significantly predict MACE - HR 18 (10-35, P < 0.001) - whilst another showed it did not. GLS < -10.85% had sensitivity/specificity of 89.7%/91% respectively for predicting the development of remodelling whilst GLS < -13% could predict the development of MACE with sensitivity/specificity of 100%/89% respectively. No suitable studies were identified that assessed global strain by CMR tagging or FT techniques.
CONCLUSION: GLS measured acutely post-STEMI by STE is a predictor of poor prognosis. Further research is needed to show that this is true for CMR-based techniques.
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250
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Scofield SLC, Amin P, Singh M, Singh K. Extracellular Ubiquitin: Role in Myocyte Apoptosis and Myocardial Remodeling. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:527-60. [PMID: 26756642 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (UB) is a highly conserved low molecular weight (8.5 kDa) protein. It consists of 76 amino acid residues and is found in all eukaryotic cells. The covalent linkage of UB to a variety of cellular proteins (ubiquitination) is one of the most common posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. This modification generally regulates protein turnover and protects the cells from damaged or misfolded proteins. The polyubiquitination of proteins serves as a signal for degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. UB is present in trace amounts in body fluids. Elevated levels of UB are described in the serum or plasma of patients under a variety of conditions. Extracellular UB is proposed to have pleiotropic roles including regulation of immune response, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. CXCR4 is identified as receptor for extracellular UB in hematopoietic cells. Heart failure represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western society. Cardiac remodeling is a determinant of the clinical course of heart failure. The components involved in myocardial remodeling include-myocytes, fibroblasts, interstitium, and coronary vasculature. Increased sympathetic nerve activity in the form of norepinephrine is a common feature during heart failure. Acting via β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR), norepinephrine is shown to induce myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. β-AR stimulation increases extracellular levels of UB in myocytes, and UB inhibits β-AR-stimulated increases in myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. This review summarizes intracellular and extracellular functions of UB with particular emphasis on the role of extracellular UB in cardiac myocyte apoptosis and myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L C Scofield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Parthiv Amin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA; James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.,Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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