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Xue W, Li L, Tian X, Fan Z, Yue Y, Zhang C, Ding X, Song X, Ma B, Zhai Y, Lu J, Kan Q, Zhao J. Integrated analysis profiles of long non-coding RNAs reveal potential biomarkers of drug resistance in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62868-62879. [PMID: 28968955 PMCID: PMC5609887 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Resistance to chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies is a major problem that can contribute substantially to high mortality. The roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in drug resistance of lung cancer are insufficiently understood. Here, we identified a distinct drug resistance-related transcriptional signature and constructed a functional lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. We found that 34 lncRNAs and 103 mRNAs have differential expression in drug resistance of lung cancer, in which 10 lncRNAs were down regulated and 24 up regulated; 49 mRNAs were down regulated and 54 up regulated. LncRNAs-mRNAs expression network analysis revealed a role for lncRNAs in modulating cancer-related pathways. We also found that two pair lncRNAs and their subnetworks were highly related to drug resistance. NR_028502.1/NR_028505.1 were found differentially co-expressed with nine mRNAs, and highly correlated with better clinical outcome. NR_030725.1/NR_030726.1 co-expressed with eleven mRNAs, and were associated with poor survival in patients with lung cancer. Our work comprehensively identified expression signature of resistance-associated lncRNAs and their inter-regulated mRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The No.7. People's Hospital in Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Song
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bingjun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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202
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Local co-administration of gene-silencing RNA and drugs in cancer therapy: State-of-the art and therapeutic potential. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 55:128-135. [PMID: 28363142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene-silencing miRNA and siRNA are emerging as attractive therapeutics with potential to suppress any genes, which could be especially useful in combination cancer therapy to overcome multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer. Nanomedicine aims to advance cancer treatment through functional nanocarriers that delivers one or more therapeutics to cancer tissue and cells with minimal off-target effects and suitable release kinetics and dosages. Although much effort has gone into developing circulating nanocarriers with targeting functionality for systemic administration, another alternative and straightforward approach is to utilize formulations to be administered directly to the site of action, such as pulmonary and intratumoral delivery. The combination of gene-silencing RNA with drugs in nanocarriers for localized delivery is emerging with promising results. In this review, the current progress and strategies for local co-administration of RNA and drug for synergistic effects and future potential in cancer treatment are presented and discussed. Key advances in RNA-drug anticancer synergy and localized delivery systems were combined with a review of the available literature on local co-administration of RNA and drug for cancer treatment. It is concluded that advanced delivery systems for local administration of gene-silencing RNA and drug hold potential in treatment of cancer, depending on indication. In particular, there are promising developments using pulmonary delivery and intratumoral delivery in murine models, but further research should be conducted on other local administration strategies, designs that achieve effective intracellular delivery and maximize synergy and feasibility for clinical use.
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203
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Zhang M, Lee AV, Rosen JM. The Cellular Origin and Evolution of Breast Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a027128. [PMID: 28062556 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we will discuss how the cell of origin may modulate breast cancer intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) as well as the role of ITH in the evolution of cancer. The clonal evolution and the cancer stem cell (CSC) models, as well as a model that integrates clonal evolution with a CSC hierarchy, have all been proposed to explain the development of ITH. The extent of ITH correlates with clinical outcome and reflects the cellular complexity and dynamics within a tumor. A unique subtype of breast cancer, the claudin-low subtype that is highly resistant to chemotherapy and most closely resembles mammary epithelial stem cells, will be discussed. Furthermore, we will review how the interactions among various tumor cells, some with distinct mutations, may impact breast cancer treatment. Finally, novel technologies that may help advance our understanding of ITH and lead to improvements in the design of new treatments also will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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204
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Salomon-Perzyński A, Salomon-Perzyńska M, Michalski B, Skrzypulec-Plinta V. High-grade serous ovarian cancer: the clone wars. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:569-576. [PMID: 28154920 PMCID: PMC5315707 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last 5 years' studies using next-generation sequencing provided evidences that many types of solid tumors present spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity and are composed of multiple populations of genetically distinct subclones that evolve over time following a pattern of branched evolution. The evolutionary nature of cancer has been proposed as the major contributor to drug resistance and treatment failure. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge about the clonal evolution of high-grade serous ovarian cancer and discuss the challenge that clonal evolution poses for efforts to achieve an optimal cancer control. METHODS A systemic search of peer-reviewed articles published between August 2007 and October 2016 was performed using PUBMED and Google Scholar database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Recent studies using next-generation sequencing have allowed us to look inside the evolutionary nature of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, which in the light of current evidence can explain the relapsing course of the disease frequently observed in the clinical practice. Since only minimal improvement in the survival of patients treated with standard therapy has been observed in the last decade, novel molecular targeted therapies are of great interest in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. However, both spatial and temporal intratumoral genetic heterogeneity is a major challenge for personalized medicine, and greater knowledge of the molecular rules that drive tumor evolution through space and time is required to achieve a long-term clinical benefit from personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Salomon-Perzyński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Salomon-Perzyńska
- Department of Gynaecology Oncological, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Bogdan Michalski
- Department of Gynaecology Oncological, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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205
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Pareja F, Marchiò C, Geyer FC, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Breast Cancer Heterogeneity: Roles in Tumorigenesis and Therapeutic Implications. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-017-0233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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206
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Roles of tumor heterogeneity in the development of drug resistance: A call for precision therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 42:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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207
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Daniele S, Sestito S, Pietrobono D, Giacomelli C, Chiellini G, Di Maio D, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Martini C, Rapposelli S. Dual Inhibition of PDK1 and Aurora Kinase A: An Effective Strategy to Induce Differentiation and Apoptosis of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:100-114. [PMID: 27797168 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mainly attributed to drug resistance mechanisms and to the existence of a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Multitarget compounds able to both affect different deregulated pathways and the GSC subpopulation could escape tumor resistance and, most importantly, eradicate the stem cell reservoir. In this respect, the simultaneous inhibition of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and aurora kinase A (AurA), each one playing a pivotal role in cellular survival/migration/differentiation, could represent an innovative strategy to overcome GBM resistance and recurrence. Herein, the cross-talk between these pathways was investigated, using the single-target reference compounds MP7 (PDK1 inhibitor) and Alisertib (AurA inhibitor). Furthermore, a new ligand, SA16, was identified for its ability to inhibit the PDK1 and the AurA pathways at once, thus proving to be a useful tool for the simultaneous inhibition of the two kinases. SA16 blocked GBM cell proliferation, reduced tumor invasiveness, and triggered cellular apoptosis. Most importantly, the AurA/PDK1 blocker showed an increased efficacy against GSCs, inducing their differentiation and apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on combined targeting of PDK1 and AurA. This drug represents an attractive multitarget lead scaffold for the development of new potential treatments for GBM and GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Danilo Di Maio
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza
dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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208
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Pavana RK, Choudhary S, Bastian A, Ihnat MA, Bai R, Hamel E, Gangjee A. Discovery and preclinical evaluation of 7-benzyl-N-(substituted)-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines as single agents with microtubule targeting effects along with triple-acting angiokinase inhibition as antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:545-556. [PMID: 27894589 PMCID: PMC5191990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The utility of cytostatic antiangiogenic agents (AA) in cancer chemotherapy lies in their combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical combinations of AA with microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been particularly successful. The discovery, synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of 7-benzyl-N-substituted-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines are reported. Novel compounds which inhibit proangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), along with microtubule targeting in single molecules are described. These compounds also inhibited blood vessel formation in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and some potently inhibited tubulin assembly (with activity comparable to that of combretastatin A-4 (CA)). In addition, some of the analogs circumvent the most clinically relevant tumor resistance mechanisms (P-glycoprotein and β-III tubulin expression) to microtubule targeting agents (MTA). These MTAs bind at the colchicine site on tubulin. Two analogs displayed two to three digit nanomolar GI50 values across the entire NCI 60 tumor cell panel and one of these, compound 7, freely water soluble as its HCl salt, afforded excellent in vivo antitumor activity against an orthotopic triple negative 4T1 breast cancer model and was superior to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roheeth Kumar Pavana
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Anja Bastian
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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209
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Abstract
One of the big clinical challenges in the treatment of cancer is the different behavior of cancer patients under guideline therapy. An important determinant for this phenomenon has been identified as inter- and intratumor heterogeneity. While intertumor heterogeneity refers to the differences in cancer characteristics between patients, intratumor heterogeneity refers to the clonal and nongenetic molecular diversity within a patient. The deciphering of intratumor heterogeneity is recognized as key to the development of novel therapeutics or treatment regimens. The investigation of intratumor heterogeneity is challenging since it requires an untargeted molecular analysis technique that accounts for the spatial and temporal dynamics of the tumor. So far, next-generation sequencing has contributed most to the understanding of clonal evolution within a cancer patient. However, it falls short in accounting for the spatial dimension. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for the untargeted but spatially resolved molecular analysis of biological tissues such as solid tumors. As it provides multidimensional datasets by the parallel acquisition of hundreds of mass channels, multivariate data analysis methods can be applied for the automated annotation of tissues. Moreover, it integrates the histology of the sample, which enables studying the molecular information in a histopathological context. This chapter will illustrate how MSI in combination with statistical methods and histology has been used for the description and discovery of intratumor heterogeneity in different cancers. This will give evidence that MSI constitutes a unique tool for the investigation of intratumor heterogeneity, and could hence become a key technology in cancer research.
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210
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Rahimi M, Safa KD, Salehi R. Co-delivery of doxorubicin and methotrexate by dendritic chitosan-g-mPEG as a magnetic nanocarrier for multi-drug delivery in combination chemotherapy. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01701d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer agents, and combination therapy is a promising strategy for clinical cancer treatment with synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rahimi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz 5166614766
- Iran
| | - Kazem D. Safa
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz 5166614766
- Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Centre and School of Advanced Medical Science
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
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211
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Tumour Heterogeneity: The Key Advantages of Single-Cell Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122142. [PMID: 27999407 PMCID: PMC5187942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity refers to the fact that different tumour cells can show distinct morphological and phenotypic profiles, including cellular morphology, gene expression, metabolism, motility, proliferation and metastatic potential. This phenomenon occurs both between tumours (inter-tumour heterogeneity) and within tumours (intra-tumour heterogeneity), and it is caused by genetic and non-genetic factors. The heterogeneity of cancer cells introduces significant challenges in using molecular prognostic markers as well as for classifying patients that might benefit from specific therapies. Thus, research efforts for characterizing heterogeneity would be useful for a better understanding of the causes and progression of disease. It has been suggested that the study of heterogeneity within Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) could also reflect the full spectrum of mutations of the disease more accurately than a single biopsy of a primary or metastatic tumour. In previous years, many high throughput methodologies have raised for the study of heterogeneity at different levels (i.e., RNA, DNA, protein and epigenetic events). The aim of the current review is to stress clinical implications of tumour heterogeneity, as well as current available methodologies for their study, paying specific attention to those able to assess heterogeneity at the single cell level.
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212
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Beije N, Helmijr JC, Weerts MJ, Beaufort CM, Wiggin M, Marziali A, Verhoef C, Sleijfer S, Jansen MP, Martens JW. Somatic mutation detection using various targeted detection assays in paired samples of circulating tumor DNA, primary tumor and metastases from patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1575-1584. [PMID: 28949453 PMCID: PMC5423131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising method to evaluate somatic mutations from solid tumors in a minimally-invasive way. In a group of twelve metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing liver metastasectomy, from each patient DNA from cell-free DNA (cfDNA), the primary tumor, metastatic liver tissue, normal tumor-adjacent colon or liver tissue, and whole blood were obtained. Investigated was the feasibility of a targeted NGS approach to identify somatic mutations in ctDNA. This targeted NGS approach was also compared with NGS preceded by mutant allele enrichment using synchronous coefficient of drag alteration technology embodied in the OnTarget assay, and for selected mutations with digital PCR (dPCR). All tissue and cfDNA samples underwent IonPGM sequencing for a CRC-specific 21-gene panel, which was analyzed using a standard and a modified calling pipeline. In addition, cfDNA, whole blood and normal tissue DNA were analyzed with the OnTarget assay and with dPCR for specific mutations in cfDNA as detected in the corresponding primary and/or metastatic tumor tissue. NGS with modified calling was superior to standard calling and detected ctDNA in the cfDNA of 10 patients harboring mutations in APC, ATM, CREBBP, FBXW7, KRAS, KMT2D, PIK3CA and TP53. Using this approach, variant allele frequencies in plasma ranged predominantly from 1 to 10%, resulting in limited concordance between ctDNA and the primary tumor (39%) and the metastases (55%). Concordance between ctDNA and tissue markedly improved when ctDNA was evaluated for KRAS, PIK3CA and TP53 mutations by the OnTarget assay (80%) and digital PCR (93%). Additionally, using these techniques mutations were observed in tumor-adjacent tissue with normal morphology in the majority of patients, which were not observed in whole blood. In conclusion, in these mCRC patients with oligometastatic disease NGS on cfDNA was feasible, but had limited sensitivity to detect all somatic mutations present in tissue. Digital PCR and mutant allele enrichment before NGS appeared to be more sensitive to detect somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Beije
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean C. Helmijr
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J.A. Weerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corine M. Beaufort
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice P.H.M. Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W.M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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213
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Park Y, Lim S, Nam JW, Kim S. Measuring intratumor heterogeneity by network entropy using RNA-seq data. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37767. [PMID: 27883053 PMCID: PMC5121893 DOI: 10.1038/srep37767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is observed at different stages of tumor progression, metastasis and reouccurence, which can be important for clinical applications. We used RNA-sequencing data from tumor samples, and measured the level of ITH in terms of biological network states. To model complex relationships among genes, we used a protein interaction network to consider gene-gene dependency. ITH was measured by using an entropy-based distance metric between two networks, nJSD, with Jensen-Shannon Divergence (JSD). With nJSD, we defined transcriptome-based ITH (tITH). The effectiveness of tITH was extensively tested for the issues related with ITH using real biological data sets. Human cancer cell line data and single-cell sequencing data were investigated to verify our approach. Then, we analyzed TCGA pan-cancer 6,320 patients. Our result was in agreement with widely used genome-based ITH inference methods, while showed better performance at survival analysis. Analysis of mouse clonal evolution data further confirmed that our transcriptome-based ITH was consistent with genetic heterogeneity at different clonal evolution stages. Additionally, we found that cell cycle related pathways have significant contribution to increasing heterogeneity on the network during clonal evolution. We believe that the proposed transcriptome-based ITH is useful to characterize heterogeneity of a tumor sample at RNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjune Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Jin-Wu Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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214
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Collins DC, Sundar R, Lim JSJ, Yap TA. Towards Precision Medicine in the Clinic: From Biomarker Discovery to Novel Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 38:25-40. [PMID: 27871777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine continues to be the benchmark to which we strive in cancer research. Seeking out actionable aberrations that can be selectively targeted by drug compounds promises to optimize treatment efficacy and minimize toxicity. Utilizing these different targeted agents in combination or in sequence may further delay resistance to treatments and prolong antitumor responses. Remarkable progress in the field of immunotherapy adds another layer of complexity to the management of cancer patients. Corresponding advances in companion biomarker development, novel methods of serial tumor assessments, and innovative trial designs act synergistically to further precision medicine. Ongoing hurdles such as clonal evolution, intra- and intertumor heterogeneity, and varied mechanisms of drug resistance continue to be challenges to overcome. Large-scale data-sharing and collaborative networks using next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms promise to take us further into the cancer 'ome' than ever before, with the goal of achieving successful precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dearbhaile C Collins
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Raghav Sundar
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Joline S J Lim
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK.
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215
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Previs RA, Sood AK, Mills GB, Westin SN. The rise of genomic profiling in ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016. [PMID: 27828713 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1259069]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Next-generation sequencing and advances in 'omics technology have rapidly increased our understanding of the molecular landscape of epithelial ovarian cancers. Areas covered: Once characterized only by histologic appearance and clinical behavior, we now understand many of the molecular phenotypes that underlie the different ovarian cancer subtypes. While the current approach to treatment involves standard cytotoxic therapies after cytoreductive surgery for all ovarian cancers regardless of histologic or molecular characteristics, focus has shifted beyond a 'one size fits all' approach to ovarian cancer. Expert commentary: Genomic profiling offers potentially 'actionable' opportunities for development of targeted therapies and a more individualized approach to treatment with concomitant improved outcomes and decreased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Previs
- a Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- a Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- b Department of Systems Biology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Shannon N Westin
- a Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Next-generation sequencing and advances in 'omics technology have rapidly increased our understanding of the molecular landscape of epithelial ovarian cancers. Areas covered: Once characterized only by histologic appearance and clinical behavior, we now understand many of the molecular phenotypes that underlie the different ovarian cancer subtypes. While the current approach to treatment involves standard cytotoxic therapies after cytoreductive surgery for all ovarian cancers regardless of histologic or molecular characteristics, focus has shifted beyond a 'one size fits all' approach to ovarian cancer. Expert commentary: Genomic profiling offers potentially 'actionable' opportunities for development of targeted therapies and a more individualized approach to treatment with concomitant improved outcomes and decreased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Previs
- a Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- a Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- b Department of Systems Biology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Shannon N Westin
- a Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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217
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Role of Local Ablative Therapy in Patients with Oligometastatic and Oligoprogressive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:179-193. [PMID: 27780780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Because of an improved understanding of lung cancer biology and improvement in systemic treatment, an oligometastatic state in which metastatic disease is present at a limited number of anatomic sites is being increasingly recognized. An oligoprogressive state, which is a similar but distinct entity, refers to disease progression at a limited number of anatomic sites, with continued response or stable disease at other sites of disease. Such an oligoprogressive state is best described in patients with NSCLC treated with molecular targeted therapy. Possible explanations for development of the oligoprogressive state include the presence of underlying clonal heterogeneity and extrinsic selection pressure due to the use of targeted therapy. Traditionally, local ablative therapy (LAT) has been limited to symptom palliation in patients with advanced NSCLC, but the presence of oligometastatic or oligoprogressive disease provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the role of LAT such as surgery, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation, or cryoablation. There is increasing evidence to support the clinical benefit of LAT in patients with NSCLC with limited metastatic disease and in selected individuals in whom resistance to targeted therapies develops. In the latter instance, adequate treatment of drug-resistant clones by LAT could potentially help in avoiding switching systemic therapy prematurely. This review focuses on the biology of oligometastatic and oligoprogressive NSCLC and describes the role of LAT in the treatment of these conditions.
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218
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Mainz ER, Wang Q, Lawrence DS, Allbritton NL. An Integrated Chemical Cytometry Method: Shining a Light on Akt Activity in Single Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie R. Mainz
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Qunzhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University; Chapel Hill and Raleigh NC USA
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219
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Suman S, Basak T, Gupta P, Mishra S, Kumar V, Sengupta S, Shukla Y. Quantitative proteomics revealed novel proteins associated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer. J Proteomics 2016; 148:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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220
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Identifying clinically relevant drug resistance genes in drug-induced resistant cancer cell lines and post-chemotherapy tissues. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41216-27. [PMID: 26515599 PMCID: PMC4747401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, few molecular signatures of drug resistance identified in drug-induced resistant cancer cell models can be translated into clinical practice. Here, we defined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pre-chemotherapy colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue samples of non-responders and responders for 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin-based therapy as clinically relevant drug resistance genes (CRG5-FU/L-OHP). Taking CRG5-FU/L-OHP as reference, we evaluated the clinical relevance of several types of genes derived from HCT116 CRC cells with resistance to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, respectively. The results revealed that DEGs between parental and resistant cells, when both were treated with the corresponding drug for a certain time, were significantly consistent with the CRG5-FU/L-OHP as well as the DEGs between the post-chemotherapy CRC specimens of responders and non-responders. This study suggests a novel strategy to extract clinically relevant drug resistance genes from both drug-induced resistant cell models and post-chemotherapy cancer tissue specimens.
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221
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Esparza-López J, Ramos-Elías PA, Castro-Sánchez A, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Escobar-Arriaga E, Zentella-Dehesa A, León-Rodríguez E, Medina-Franco H, Ibarra-Sánchez MDJ. Primary breast cancer cell culture yields intra-tumor heterogeneous subpopulations expressing exclusive patterns of receptor tyrosine kinases. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:740. [PMID: 27645148 PMCID: PMC5028979 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has become evident that intra-tumor heterogeneity of breast cancer impact on several biological processes such as proliferation, migration, cell death and also might contribute to chemotherapy resistance. The expression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) has not been analyzed in the context of intra-tumor heterogeneity in a primary breast cancer cell culture. Several subpopulations were isolated from the MBCDF (M serial-breast cancer ductal F line) primary breast cancer cells and were successfully maintained in culture and divided in two groups according to their morphology and RTKs expression pattern, and correlated with biological processes like proliferation, migration, anchorage-independent cell growth, and resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods Subpopulations were isolated from MBCDF primary breast cancer cell culture by limiting dilution. RTKs and hormone receptors were examined by Western blot. Proliferation was measure by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay). Cell viability was evaluated by Crystal Violet. Migration was assessed using Boyden chambers. Anchorage-independent cell growth was evaluated by colony formation in soft agar. Results Several subpopulations were isolated from the MBCDF breast cancer cells that were divided into two groups according to their morphology. Analysis of RTKs expression pattern showed that HER1, HER3, c-Met and VEGFR2 were expressed exclusively in cells from group 1, but not in cells from group 2. PDGFR was expressed only in cells from group 2, but not in cells from group 1. HER2, HER4, c-Kit, IGF1-R were expressed in all subpopulations. Biological processes correlated with the RTKs expression pattern. Group 2 subpopulations present the highest rate of cell proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent cell growth. Analysis of susceptibility to chemotherapy drugs and TKIs showed that only Paclitaxel and Imatinib behaved differently between groups. Group 1-cells were resistant to both Paclitaxel and Imatinib. Conclusions We demonstrated that subpopulations from MBCDF primary cell culture could be divided into two groups according to their morphology and a RTKs excluding-expression pattern. The differences observed in RTKs expression correlate with the biological characteristics and chemoresistance of each group. These results suggest that intra-tumor heterogeneity contributes to generate groups of subpopulations with a more aggressive phenotype within the tumor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2769-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Esparza-López
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Pier A Ramos-Elías
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Andrea Castro-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04500, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Escobar-Arriaga
- Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Camino a Santa Teresa # 1055, México, CP 10700, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04500, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Eucario León-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Medina-Franco
- Departamento de Cirugía, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - María de Jesus Ibarra-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
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222
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Qian M, Wang DC, Chen H, Cheng Y. Detection of single cell heterogeneity in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 64:143-149. [PMID: 27619166 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Single cell heterogeneity has already been highlighted in cancer classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Recent advanced technologies have gained more ability to reveal the heterogeneity on single cell level. In this review, we listed various detection targets applied in single cell study, including tumor tissue cells, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). We further discussed and compared detection methods using these detection targets in different fields to reveal single cell heterogeneity in cancer. We focused not only on the methods that have already been established and validated, but also on newly developed methods. In morphology and phenotype, the methods mainly included cell imaging and immune-staining. In genomics and proteomics, the main methods were single cell sequencing and single cell western blotting. Collectively, from using these methods, we can have a better understanding of the single cell variation, as well as what kind of variation it is and how the variation works. Our observations imply that study on single cell heterogeneity in cancer is an important step to precision medicine. The development of technologies in detection of single cell heterogeneity will be sure to improve the diagnosis and treatment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Qian
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Diane C Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China.
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223
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Oh S, Kim HS. Emerging power of proteomics for delineation of intrinsic tumor subtypes and resistance mechanisms to anti-cancer therapies. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:929-939. [PMID: 27599289 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1233063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite extreme genetic heterogeneity, tumors often show similar alterations in the expression, stability, and activation of proteins important in oncogenic signaling pathways. Thus, classifying tumor samples according to shared proteomic features may help facilitate the identification of cancer subtypes predictive of therapeutic responses and prognostic for patient outcomes. Meanwhile, understanding mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance to anti-cancer therapies at the protein level may prove crucial to devising reversal strategies. Areas covered: Herein, we review recent advances in quantitative proteomic technology and their applications in studies to identify intrinsic tumor subtypes of various tumors, to illuminate mechanistic aspects of pharmacological and oncogenic adaptations, and to highlight interaction targets for anti-cancer compounds and cancer-addicted proteins. Expert commentary: Quantitative proteomic technologies are being successfully employed to classify tumor samples into distinct intrinsic subtypes, to improve existing DNA/RNA based classification methods, and to evaluate the activation status of key signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Oh
- a Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- a Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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224
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Santarpia L, Bottai G, Kelly CM, Győrffy B, Székely B, Pusztai L. Deciphering and Targeting Oncogenic Mutations and Pathways in Breast Cancer. Oncologist 2016; 21:1063-78. [PMID: 27384237 PMCID: PMC5016060 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Advances in DNA and RNA sequencing revealed substantially greater genomic complexity in breast cancer than simple models of a few driver mutations would suggest. Only very few, recurrent mutations or copy-number variations in cancer-causing genes have been identified. The two most common alterations in breast cancer are TP53 (affecting the majority of triple-negative breast cancers) and PIK3CA (affecting almost half of estrogen receptor-positive cancers) mutations, followed by a long tail of individually rare mutations affecting <1%-20% of cases. Each cancer harbors from a few dozen to a few hundred potentially high-functional impact somatic variants, along with a much larger number of potentially high-functional impact germline variants. It is likely that it is the combined effect of all genomic variations that drives the clinical behavior of a given cancer. Furthermore, entirely new classes of oncogenic events are being discovered in the noncoding areas of the genome and in noncoding RNA species driven by errors in RNA editing. In light of this complexity, it is not unexpected that, with the exception of HER2 amplification, no robust molecular predictors of benefit from targeted therapies have been identified. In this review, we summarize the current genomic portrait of breast cancer, focusing on genetic aberrations that are actively being targeted with investigational drugs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Next-generation sequencing is now widely available in the clinic, but interpretation of the results is challenging, and its impact on treatment selection is often limited. This work provides an overview of frequently encountered molecular abnormalities in breast cancer and discusses their potential therapeutic implications. This review emphasizes the importance of administering investigational targeted therapies, or off-label use of approved targeted drugs, in the context of a formal clinical trial or registry programs to facilitate learning about the clinical utility of tumor target profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libero Santarpia
- Oncology Experimental Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Bottai
- Oncology Experimental Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbala Székely
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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225
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Qi J, Zhang Y, Gou Y, Lee P, Wang J, Chen S, Zhou Z, Wu X, Yang F, Liang H. Multidrug Delivery Systems Based on Human Serum Albumin for Combination Therapy with Three Anticancer Agents. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3098-105. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Qi
- State
Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Yi Gou
- State
Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Philbert Lee
- Ben
May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- State
Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Shifang Chen
- State
Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi
Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben
May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Feng Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
- Guangxi
Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State
Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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Polymer Nanoparticles for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Nitric Oxide Photorelease and Chemotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31671-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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227
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Transfer of Drug Resistance Characteristics Between Cancer Cell Subpopulations: A Study Using Simple Mathematical Models. Bull Math Biol 2016; 78:1218-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-016-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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228
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Braxton DR, Zhang R, Morrissette JD, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Furth EE. Clinicopathogenomic analysis of mismatch repair proficient colorectal adenocarcinoma uncovers novel prognostic subgroups with differing patterns of genetic evolution. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1546-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Braxton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ray Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | | | - Arturo Loaiza-Bonilla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Emma E. Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Hung MS, Lung JH, Lin YC, Fang YH, Hsieh MJ, Tsai YH. The content of mutant EGFR DNA correlates with response to EGFR-TKIs in lung adenocarcinoma patients with common EGFR mutations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3991. [PMID: 27368002 PMCID: PMC4937916 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the association of the content of mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with the treatment response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and survival in patients with lung cancer.This retrospective cohort study included 77 lung adenocarcinoma patients with common EGFR mutations from December 2012 to February 2015. The content of mutant EGFR DNA in lung cancer tissues was determined using an Amplification Refractory Mutation System. The association of the amount of mutant EGFR DNA with treatment response, the clinical variables, and the progression-free survival (PFS) after EGFR-TKI therapy were evaluated.Using the amount of mutant EGR DNA above 4.77% as the cut-off value, the sensitivity to predict EGFR-TKI responder is 82.0% and the specificity is 75.0% (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.734, P = 0.003). The high content of mutant EGFR DNA is an independent factor associated with the response to EGFR-TKIs (odds ratio: 13.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.23-52.11, P = 0.0003). A significantly longer PFS was observed in the group with the high content of mutant EGFR DNA (26.3 months, 95% CI: 12.2-26.3) compared with the low content of mutant EGFR DNA groups (12.3 months, 95% CI: 5.7-14.8, P = 0.0155). A better predictive value of the content of mutant EGFR DNA was noted in patients with exon 19 deletions (AUC: 0.892, P < 0.0001) than exon 21 L858R mutations (AUC: 0.675, P = 0.0856).Our results show that the content of mutant EGFR DNA is associated with the clinical response to EGFR-TKIs, especially in patients with exon 19 deletions mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Szu Hung
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Puzi City
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi
| | - Jr-Hau Lung
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Puzi City
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Puzi City
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi
| | - Yu-Hung Fang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Puzi City
| | - Meng-Jer Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary Infection and Critical Care, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Puzi City
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Puzi City
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Correspondence: Ying-Huang Tsai, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Road, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan (ROC) (e-mail: )
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230
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Li S, Zhu X, Liu B, Wang G, Ao P. Endogenous molecular network reveals two mechanisms of heterogeneity within gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13607-27. [PMID: 25962957 PMCID: PMC4537037 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity is a common phenomenon and impedes cancer therapy and research. Gastric cancer (GC) cells have generally been classified into two heterogeneous cellular phenotypes, the gastric and intestinal types, yet the mechanisms of maintaining two phenotypes and controlling phenotypic transition are largely unknown. A qualitative systematic framework, the endogenous molecular network hypothesis, has recently been proposed to understand cancer genesis and progression. Here, a minimal network corresponding to such framework was found for GC and was quantified via a stochastic nonlinear dynamical system. We then further extended the framework to address the important question of intratumor heterogeneity quantitatively. The working network characterized main known features of normal gastric epithelial and GC cell phenotypes. Our results demonstrated that four positive feedback loops in the network are critical for GC cell phenotypes. Moreover, two mechanisms that contribute to GC cell heterogeneity were identified: particular positive feedback loops are responsible for the maintenance of intestinal and gastric phenotypes; GC cell progression routes that were revealed by the dynamical behaviors of individual key components are heterogeneous. In this work, we constructed an endogenous molecular network of GC that can be expanded in the future and would broaden the known mechanisms of intratumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Site Li
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gaowei Wang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Ao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Türeci Ö, Vormehr M, Diken M, Kreiter S, Huber C, Sahin U. Targeting the Heterogeneity of Cancer with Individualized Neoepitope Vaccines. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:1885-96. [PMID: 27084742 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations binding to the patient's MHC and recognized by autologous T cells (neoepitopes) are ideal cancer vaccine targets. They combine a favorable safety profile due to a lack of expression in healthy tissues with a high likelihood of immunogenicity, as T cells recognizing neoepitopes are not shaped by central immune tolerance. Proteins mutated in cancer (neoantigens) shared by patients have been explored as vaccine targets for many years. Shared ("public") mutations, however, are rare, as the vast majority of cancer mutations in a given tumor are unique for the individual patient. Recently, the novel concept of truly individualized cancer vaccination emerged, which exploits the vast source of patient-specific "private" mutations. Concurrence of scientific advances and technological breakthroughs enables the rapid, cost-efficient, and comprehensive mapping of the "mutanome," which is the entirety of somatic mutations in an individual tumor, and the rational selection of neoepitopes. How to transform tumor mutanome data to actionable knowledge for tailoring individualized vaccines "on demand" has become a novel research field with paradigm-shifting potential. This review gives an overview with particular focus on the clinical development of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Türeci
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Huber
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Mainz, Germany. Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.
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232
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Micropapillary: A component more likely to harbour heterogeneous EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinomas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23755. [PMID: 27046167 PMCID: PMC4820702 DOI: 10.1038/srep23755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The micropapillary (MP) subtype has recently been established to be a distinct marker of poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinomas (LACs). According to the 2015 WHO classification system, LAC constituents are required to be precisely reported. T790M mutation and an insertion in exon 20 (E20ins) are associated with EGFR-TKI resistance. A total of 211 LAC patients were involved in this study, and EGFR mutations were determined using an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Sex, smoking history, lymph node status, and clinical stage differed significantly between the EGFR wild type and mutant groups (p < 0.05). The EGFR mutation occurred more frequently in female, non-smokers, ACs with papillary (85.7%) or MP components (91.4%) (p < 0.001). Twenty ACs with naïve T790M or E20ins were microdissected. The AC constituents metastasizing to lymph nodes exhibited a phenotype and EGFR status that was consistent with the primary loci constituents. Glomerulus-like solid components exhibited the same EGFR status as the surrounding T790M-mutated MP components. The MP and glomerulus-like portions in AC tumours exhibited a congenial EGFR status, but the acinar cells with papillary cells were heterogeneous. The naïve T790M mutants, although minor in the MP component, dramatically increased after EGFR-TKI therapy and indicate that the MP components feature intrinsic heterogeneity.
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233
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Barry PA, Schiavon G. Primary Systemic Treatment in the Management of Operable Breast Cancer: Best Surgical Approach for Diagnosis, Biological Evaluation, and Research. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2016; 2015:4-8. [PMID: 26063876 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ever-changing breast surgeon's technical role, the surgeon forms an indispensible link between imaging, diagnostics, pathology, and the medical oncologist. Biomarkers of prognosis, prediction of response, and resistance to treatments, including imaging, tissue and circulating markers apply to the primary diagnostic and treatment settings as well as scenarios which include disease recurrence, both in the early and advanced settings. Whether it is via the diagnostic clinic referred by the primary care physician or via a breast screening service, primary early breast cancer is referred for initial treatment and/or diagnosis and currently remains the domain of the surgical oncologist. The surgeon is privileged by this unique "window of opportunity" to consider the biological aspects of the diagnosis and guide the patient appropriately toward initial therapy, only one of which is primary surgery. Options of neoadjuvant endocrine, cytotoxic, or targeted therapy as either standard of care or else in the clinical trial context should be considered to optimize treatment in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Barry
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Breast Unit, London, UK (PAB, GS); The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (PAB, GS); Translational Science, Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Cambridge SciencePark, Cambridge, UK (GS).
| | - Gaia Schiavon
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Breast Unit, London, UK (PAB, GS); The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (PAB, GS); Translational Science, Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Cambridge SciencePark, Cambridge, UK (GS)
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234
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Janku F, Angenendt P, Tsimberidou AM, Fu S, Naing A, Falchook GS, Hong DS, Holley VR, Cabrilo G, Wheler JJ, Piha-Paul SA, Zinner RG, Bedikian AY, Overman MJ, Kee BK, Kim KB, Kopetz ES, Luthra R, Diehl F, Meric-Bernstam F, Kurzrock R. Actionable mutations in plasma cell-free DNA in patients with advanced cancers referred for experimental targeted therapies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12809-21. [PMID: 25980577 PMCID: PMC4494976 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free (cf) DNA in the plasma of cancer patients offers an easily obtainable source of biologic material for mutation analysis. Plasma samples from 157 patients with advanced cancers who progressed on systemic therapy were tested for 21 mutations in BRAF, EGFR, KRAS, and PIK3CA using the BEAMing method and results were compared to mutation analysis of archival tumor tissue from a CLIA-certified laboratory obtained as standard of care from diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Results were concordant for archival tissue and plasma cfDNA in 91% cases for BRAF mutations (kappa = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 – 0.88), in 99% cases for EGFR mutations (kappa = 0.90, 95% CI 0.71– 1.00), in 83% cases for KRAS mutations (kappa = 0.67, 95% CI 0.54 – 0.80) and in 91% cases for PIK3CA mutations (kappa = 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 – 0.85). Patients (n = 41) with > 1% of KRAS mutant cfDNA had a shorter median survival compared to 20 patients with </= 1% of KRAS mutant DNA (4.8 vs. 7.3 months, p = 0.008). Similarly, 67 patients with > 1% of mutant cfDNA (BRAF, EGFR, KRAS, or PIK3CA) had a shorter median survival compared to 33 patients with </= 1% of mutant cfDNA (5.5 vs. 9.8 months, p = 0.001), which was confirmed in multivariable analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerald S Falchook
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Veronica R Holley
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Goran Cabrilo
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer J Wheler
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ralph G Zinner
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Agop Y Bedikian
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bryan K Kee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin B Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajyalakshmi Luthra
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, The University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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235
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Wei M, Lü L, Lin P, Chen Z, Quan Z, Tang Z. Multiple cellular origins and molecular evolution of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:253-61. [PMID: 26940139 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with unfavorable prognosis and for which no effective treatments are available. Its molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood. Genome-wide sequencing and high-throughput technologies have provided critical insights into the molecular basis of ICC while sparking a heated debate on the cellular origin. Cancer exhibits variabilities in origin, progression and cell biology. Recent evidence suggests that ICC has multiple cellular origins, including differentiated hepatocytes; intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IBECs)/cholangiocytes; pluripotent stem cells, such as hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HPCs) and biliary tree stem/progenitor cells (BTSCs); and peribiliary gland (PBG). However, both somatic mutagenesis and epigenomic features are highly cell type-specific. Multiple cellular origins may have profoundly different genomic landscapes and key signaling pathways, driving phenotypic variation and thereby posing significant challenges to personalized medicine in terms of achieving the optimal drug response and patient outcome. Considering this information, we have summarized the latest experimental evidence and relevant literature to provide an up-to-date view of the cellular origin of ICC, which will contribute to establishment of a hierarchical model of carcinogenesis and allow for improvement of the anatomical-based classification of ICC. These new insights have important implications for both the diagnosis and treatment of ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyan Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lisheng Lü
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peiyi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhisheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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236
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Kemp JA, Shim MS, Heo CY, Kwon YJ. "Combo" nanomedicine: Co-delivery of multi-modal therapeutics for efficient, targeted, and safe cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 98:3-18. [PMID: 26546465 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic and versatile nature of diseases such as cancer has been a pivotal challenge for developing efficient and safe therapies. Cancer treatments using a single therapeutic agent often result in limited clinical outcomes due to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Combination therapies using multiple therapeutic modalities can synergistically elevate anti-cancer activity while lowering doses of each agent, hence, reducing side effects. Co-administration of multiple therapeutic agents requires a delivery platform that can normalize pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the agents, prolong circulation, selectively accumulate, specifically bind to the target, and enable controlled release in target site. Nanomaterials, such as polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles/cages/shells, and carbon nanomaterials, have the desired properties, and they can mediate therapeutic effects different from those generated by small molecule drugs (e.g., gene therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy). This review aims to provide an overview of developing multi-modal therapies using nanomaterials ("combo" nanomedicine) along with the rationale, up-to-date progress, further considerations, and the crucial roles of interdisciplinary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kemp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Plastic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Plastic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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237
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Mathematical Modeling of Therapy-induced Cancer Drug Resistance: Connecting Cancer Mechanisms to Population Survival Rates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22498. [PMID: 26928089 PMCID: PMC4772546 DOI: 10.1038/srep22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance significantly limits the long-term effectiveness of targeted therapeutics for cancer patients. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that cancer cell heterogeneity and microenvironment adaptations to targeted therapy play important roles in promoting the rapid acquisition of drug resistance and in increasing cancer metastasis. The systematic development of effective therapeutics to overcome drug resistance mechanisms poses a major challenge. In this study, we used a modeling approach to connect cellular mechanisms underlying cancer drug resistance to population-level patient survival. To predict progression-free survival in cancer patients with metastatic melanoma, we developed a set of stochastic differential equations to describe the dynamics of heterogeneous cell populations while taking into account micro-environment adaptations. Clinical data on survival and circulating tumor cell DNA (ctDNA) concentrations were used to confirm the effectiveness of our model. Moreover, our model predicted distinct patterns of dose-dependent synergy when evaluating a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors versus a combination of BRAF and PI3K inhibitors. These predictions were consistent with the findings in previously reported studies. The impact of the drug metabolism rate on patient survival was also discussed. The proposed model might facilitate the quantitative evaluation and optimization of combination therapeutics and cancer clinical trial design.
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238
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High-throughput identification of genotype-specific cancer vulnerabilities in mixtures of barcoded tumor cell lines. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:419-23. [PMID: 26928769 PMCID: PMC5508574 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of genetically characterized cell lines are available for the discovery of genotype-specific cancer vulnerabilities. However, screening large numbers of compounds against large numbers of cell lines is currently impractical, and such experiments are often difficult to control. Here we report a method called PRISM that allows pooled screening of mixtures of cancer cell lines by labeling each cell line with 24-nucleotide barcodes. PRISM revealed the expected patterns of cell killing seen in conventional (unpooled) assays. In a screen of 102 cell lines across 8,400 compounds, PRISM led to the identification of BRD-7880 as a potent and highly specific inhibitor of aurora kinases B and C. Cell line pools also efficiently formed tumors as xenografts, and PRISM recapitulated the expected pattern of erlotinib sensitivity in vivo.
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239
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Cancer stem cells may contribute to the difficulty in treating cancer. Genes Dis 2016; 3:7-10. [PMID: 30258875 PMCID: PMC6153461 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity is a phenomenon where each cell that makes up a tumour, contains mutations that differ from that of other cells in the tumour. The clonal evolution and cancer stem cell theories of cancer formation, have been used to explain tumour heterogeneity. The theories both point to the existence of cells within a tumour that are capable of initiating the tumour in a different location. While the clonal evolution theory argues that all cells within a tumour possess this ability, the cancer stem cell theory argues that only a few cells (cancer stem cells or CSCs) within the tumour possess this ability to seed the tumour in a different location. Data supporting the cancer stem cell theory is accumulating. Researchers have targeted these CSCs therapeutically, hypothesizing that since these CSCs are the ‘drivers’ of tumour progression, their death may inhibit tumour progression. This was foiled by tumour cell plasticity, a phenomenon whereby a non-CSC spontaneously de-differentiates into a CSC. Researchers are now working on combinations that kill both CSCs and non-CSCs as well as drugs that prevent non-CSC-to-CSC transition. This review concisely describes CSCs and how they contribute to the difficulty in treating cancer.
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240
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Fennell DA, Summers Y, Cadranel J, Benepal T, Christoph DC, Lal R, Das M, Maxwell F, Visseren-Grul C, Ferry D. Cisplatin in the modern era: The backbone of first-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 44:42-50. [PMID: 26866673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be changing, but the cisplatin-based doublet remains the foundation of treatment for the majority of patients with advanced NSCLC. In this respect, changes in practice to various aspects of cisplatin use, such as administration schedules and the choice of methods and frequency of monitoring for toxicities, have contributed to an incremental improvement in patient management and experience. Chemoresistance, however, limits the clinical utility of this drug in patients with advanced NSCLC. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance, identification of predictive markers and the development of newer, more effective and less toxic platinum agents is required. In addition to maximising potential benefits from advances in molecular biology and associated therapeutics, modification of existing cisplatin-based treatments can still lead to improvements in patient outcomes and experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Fennell
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Leicester & University Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
| | - Y Summers
- The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
| | - J Cadranel
- Chest Department and Expert Center in Thoracic Oncology, APHP Hôpital Tenon and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.
| | - T Benepal
- St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK.
| | - D C Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - R Lal
- Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - M Das
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 9NL, UK.
| | - F Maxwell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 9NL, UK.
| | - C Visseren-Grul
- Eli Lilly and Company, Grootslag 1-5, 3991 RA Houten, The Netherlands.
| | - D Ferry
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 9NL, UK.
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241
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Dorris ER, Blackshields G, Sommerville G, Alhashemi M, Dias A, McEneaney V, Smyth P, O'Leary JJ, Sheils O. Pluripotency markers are differentially induced by MEK inhibition in thyroid and melanoma BRAFV600E cell lines. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:526-42. [PMID: 26828826 PMCID: PMC4910922 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1139230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in BRAF are common in melanoma and thyroid carcinoma and drive constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. Molecularly targeted therapies of this pathway improves survival compared to chemotherapy; however, responses tend to be short-lived as resistance invariably occursCell line models of melanoma and thyroid carcinoma, +/− BRAFV600E activating mutation, were treated with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901. Treated and naive samples were assayed for expression of key members of the MAPK pathway. Global microRNA expression profiling of naive and resistant cells was performed via next generation sequencingand indicated pluripotency pathways in resistance. Parental cell lines were progressed to holoclones to confirm the miRNA stemness profileMembers of the MIR302/373/374/520 family of embryonic stem cell specific cell cycle regulating (ESCC) microRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between resistant BRAFV600E melanoma and thyroid cell lines. Upregulated expression of gene and protein stemness markers, upregulated expression of MAPK pathway genes and downregulation of the ESCC MIR302 cluster in BRAFV600E melanoma indicated an increased stem-like phenotype in resistant BRAFV600E melanoma. Conversely, downregulated expression of gene and protein stemness markers, downregulated expression of MAPK pathway genes, upregulation of the ESCC MIR520 cluster, reeexpression of cell surface receptors, and induced differentiation-associated morphology in resistant BRAFV600E indicate a differentiated phenotype associated with MEK inhibitor resistance in BRAFV600E thyroid cellsThe differential patterns of resistance observed between BRAFV600E melanoma and thyroid cell lines may reflect tissue type or de novo differentiation, but could have significant impact on the response of primary and metastatic cells to MEK inhibitor treatment. This study provides a basis for the investigation of the cellular differentiation/self-renewal access and its role in resistance to MEK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Dorris
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Gordon Blackshields
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Gary Sommerville
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mohsen Alhashemi
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Andrew Dias
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Victoria McEneaney
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Paul Smyth
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- a Department of Histopathology , Sir Patrick Dun Research Lab, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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242
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Liu Z, Zhu G, Getzenberg RH, Veltri RW. The Upregulation of PI3K/Akt and MAP Kinase Pathways is Associated with Resistance of Microtubule-Targeting Drugs in Prostate Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1341-9. [PMID: 25640606 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance is a significant limitation to the effectiveness of cancer therapies. The PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways play important roles in a variety of normal cellular processes and tumorigenesis. This study is designed to explore the relationship of these signaling pathways with multidrug resistance in prostate cancer (PCa). The PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways were investigated utilizing paclitaxel resistant DU145-TxR PCa cells and their parental non-resistant DU145 cells to determine their relationship with resistance to paclitaxel and other anticancer drugs. Our results demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways are upregulated in DU145-TxR cells compared to the DU145 cells. Inactivating these pathways using the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002 or the MAP kinase pathway inhibitor PD98059 renders the DU145-TxR cells more sensitive to paclitaxel. We investigated the effects of these inhibitors on other anticancer drugs including docetaxel, vinblastine, doxorubicin, 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) and cisplatin and find that both inhibitors induces DU145-TxR cells to be more sensitive only to the microtubule-targeting drugs (paclitaxel, docetaxel and vinblastine). Furthermore, the treatment with these inhibitors induces cleaved-PARP production in DU145-TxR cells, suggesting that apoptosis induction might be one of the mechanisms for the reversal of drug resistance. In conclusion, the PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways are associated with resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Inactivating these pathways renders these PCa cells more sensitive to microtubule-targeting drugs such as paclitaxel, docetaxel and vinblastine. Combination therapies with novel inhibitors of these two signaling pathways potentially represents a more effective treatment for drug resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Guangjing Zhu
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | | | - Robert W Veltri
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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243
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Paguirigan AL, Smith J, Meshinchi S, Carroll M, Maley C, Radich JP. Single-cell genotyping demonstrates complex clonal diversity in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:281re2. [PMID: 25834112 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clonal evolution in cancer-the selection for and emergence of increasingly malignant clones during progression and therapy, resulting in cancer metastasis and relapse-has been highlighted as an important phenomenon in the biology of leukemia and other cancers. Tracking mutant alleles to determine clonality from diagnosis to relapse or from primary site to metastases in a sensitive and quantitative manner is most often performed using next-generation sequencing. Such methods determine clonal frequencies by extrapolation of allele frequencies in sequencing data of DNA from the metagenome of bulk tumor samples using a set of assumptions. The computational framework that is usually used assumes specific patterns in the order of acquisition of unique mutational events and heterozygosity of mutations in single cells. However, these assumptions are not accurate for all mutant loci in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. To assess whether current models of clonal diversity within individual AML samples are appropriate for common mutations, we developed protocols to directly genotype AML single cells. Single-cell analysis demonstrates that mutations of FLT3 and NPM1 occur in both homozygous and heterozygous states, distributed among at least nine distinct clonal populations in all samples analyzed. There appears to be convergent evolution and differential evolutionary trajectories for cells containing mutations at different loci. This work suggests an underlying tumor heterogeneity beyond what is currently understood in AML, which may be important in the development of therapeutic approaches to eliminate leukemic cell burden and control clonal evolution-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Smith
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98117, USA
| | | | - Martin Carroll
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carlo Maley
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jerald P Radich
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98117, USA
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Chen S, Yang K, Tuguntaev RG, Mozhi A, Zhang J, Wang PC, Liang XJ. Targeting tumor microenvironment with PEG-based amphiphilic nanoparticles to overcome chemoresistance. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:269-86. [PMID: 26707818 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multidrug resistance is one of the biggest obstacles in the treatment of cancer. Recent research studies highlight that tumor microenvironment plays a predominant role in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hence, targeting the tumor microenvironment provides a novel strategy for the evolution of cancer nanomedicine. The blooming knowledge about the tumor microenvironment merging with the design of PEG-based amphiphilic nanoparticles can provide an effective and promising platform to address the multidrug resistant tumor cells. This review describes the characteristic features of tumor microenvironment and their targeting mechanisms with the aid of PEG-based amphiphilic nanoparticles for the development of newer drug delivery systems to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Many cancers develop multidrug resistance towards chemotherapeutic agents with time and strategies are urgently needed to combat against this. In this review article, the authors discuss the current capabilities of using nanomedicine to target the tumor microenvironments, which would provide new insight to the development of novel delivery systems for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Keni Yang
- CAS Key Lab of Nanomaterials Bioeffects and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruslan G Tuguntaev
- CAS Key Lab of Nanomaterials Bioeffects and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anbu Mozhi
- CAS Key Lab of Nanomaterials Bioeffects and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China.
| | - Paul C Wang
- Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Howard University, WA, DC, USA
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Lab of Nanomaterials Bioeffects and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, PR China.
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Co-targeting cancer drug escape pathways confers clinical advantage for multi-target anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:123-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Le Tourneau C, Kamal M, Tsimberidou AM, Bedard P, Pierron G, Callens C, Rouleau E, Vincent-Salomon A, Servant N, Alt M, Rouzier R, Paoletti X, Delattre O, Bièche I. Treatment Algorithms Based on Tumor Molecular Profiling: The Essence of Precision Medicine Trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 108:djv362. [PMID: 26598514 PMCID: PMC4830395 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of high-throughput molecular technologies, several precision medicine (PM) studies are currently ongoing that include molecular screening programs and PM clinical trials. Molecular profiling programs establish the molecular profile of patients' tumors with the aim to guide therapy based on identified molecular alterations. The aim of prospective PM clinical trials is to assess the clinical utility of tumor molecular profiling and to determine whether treatment selection based on molecular alterations produces superior outcomes compared with unselected treatment. These trials use treatment algorithms to assign patients to specific targeted therapies based on tumor molecular alterations. These algorithms should be governed by fixed rules to ensure standardization and reproducibility. Here, we summarize key molecular, biological, and technical criteria that, in our view, should be addressed when establishing treatment algorithms based on tumor molecular profiling for PM trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Le Tourneau
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Maud Kamal
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Apostolia-Maria Tsimberidou
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Philippe Bedard
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Gaëlle Pierron
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Céline Callens
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Nicolas Servant
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Marie Alt
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Xavier Paoletti
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (CLT, MK, MA); EA7285 Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University , France (CLT, RR); Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX (AMT); Drug Development Program, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Toronto , Canada (PB); Department of Genetics, Institut Curie , Paris , France (GP, CC, ER, IB); Department of Pathology, Institut Curie , Paris , France (AVS); Institut Curie / INSERM U900 , Paris , France (NS, XP); Department of Surgery, Institut Curie , Paris & Saint-Cloud , France (RR); Institut Curie, INSERM U830 , Paris , France (OD); EA7331, University of Paris-Descartes , Paris , France (IB)
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Schiavon G, Hrebien S, Garcia-Murillas I, Cutts RJ, Pearson A, Tarazona N, Fenwick K, Kozarewa I, Lopez-Knowles E, Ribas R, Nerurkar A, Osin P, Chandarlapaty S, Martin LA, Dowsett M, Smith IE, Turner NC. Analysis of ESR1 mutation in circulating tumor DNA demonstrates evolution during therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:313ra182. [PMID: 26560360 PMCID: PMC4998737 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acquired ESR1 mutations are a major mechanism of resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs). We developed ultra high-sensitivity multiplex digital polymerase chain reaction assays for ESR1 mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and investigated the clinical relevance and origin of ESR1 mutations in 171 women with advanced breast cancer. ESR1 mutation status in ctDNA showed high concordance with contemporaneous tumor biopsies and was accurately assessed in samples shipped at room temperature in preservative tubes. ESR1 mutations were found exclusively in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients previously exposed to AI. Patients with ESR1 mutations had a substantially shorter progression-free survival on subsequent AI-based therapy [hazard ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9 to 23.1; P = 0.0041]. ESR1 mutation prevalence differed markedly between patients who were first exposed to AI during the adjuvant and metastatic settings [5.8% (3 of 52) versus 36.4% (16 of 44), respectively; P = 0.0002]. In an independent cohort, ESR1 mutations were identified in 0% (0 of 32; 95% CI, 0 to 10.9) tumor biopsies taken after progression on adjuvant AI. In a patient with serial sampling, ESR1 mutation was selected during metastatic AI therapy to become the dominant clone in the cancer. ESR1 mutations can be robustly identified with ctDNA analysis and predict for resistance to subsequent AI therapy. ESR1 mutations are rarely acquired during adjuvant AI but are commonly selected by therapy for metastatic disease, providing evidence that mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy may be substantially different between the treatment of micrometastatic and overt metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Schiavon
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK. Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sarah Hrebien
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Isaac Garcia-Murillas
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rosalind J Cutts
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alex Pearson
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Noelia Tarazona
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kerry Fenwick
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Iwanka Kozarewa
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Elena Lopez-Knowles
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ricardo Ribas
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ashutosh Nerurkar
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Peter Osin
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK. Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Ian E Smith
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK. Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK. Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
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Cox MC, Reese LM, Bickford LR, Verbridge SS. Toward the Broad Adoption of 3D Tumor Models in the Cancer Drug Pipeline. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:877-894. [PMID: 33429520 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite a cost of approximately $1 billion to develop a new cancer drug, about 90% of drugs that enter clinical trials fail. A tremendous opportunity exists to streamline the drug selection and testing process, and innovative approaches promise to reduce the burdensome cost of health care for those suffering from cancer. There is great potential for 3D models of human tumors to complement more traditional testing methods; however, the shift from 2D to 3D assays at early stages of the drug discovery and development process is far from widely accepted. 3D platforms range from simple tumor spheroids to more complex microfluidic hydrogels that better mimic the tumor microenvironment. While several companies have developed and patented advanced high-throughput 3D platforms for drug screening, their cost and complexity have limited their adoption as an industry standard. In this review, we will highlight the various tumor platforms that have been developed, emphasizing the approaches that have successfully led to commercial products. We will then consider potential directions toward more relevant tumor models, advantages of the adoption of such platforms within the drug development and screening process, and new opportunities in personalized medicine that such platforms will uniquely enable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Cox
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Laura M Reese
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Lissett R Bickford
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Zhong WZ, Su J, Xu FP, Zhai HR, Zhang XC, Yang XN, Chen ZY, Chen ZH, Li W, Dong S, Zhou Q, Yang JJ, Liu YH, Wu YL. Rare discrepancies in a driver gene alteration within histologically heterogeneous primary lung cancers. Lung Cancer 2015; 90:205-11. [PMID: 26391021 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most lung adenocarcinomas consist of mixtures of histological subtypes harboring different frequencies of driver gene mutations. However, little is known about intratumoral heterogeneity(ITH) within histologically heterogeneous primary lung cancers. Investigating key driver genes in respective morphological pattern is crucial to personalized treatment. METHODS Morphologically different areas within the same surgically resected adenocarcinomas were extracted from tissues to analyze gene status in each growth pattern. Driver genes, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), KRAS and EML4-ALK, were assessed by assays with different sensitivities. RESULTS Seventy-nine consecutive eligible patients harboring a driver gene (EGFR=65; KRAS=10; EML4-ALK=4) were enrolled. For EGFR mutations, ITH occurred in 13.3% (8/60) by direct sequencing (DS) and 1.7% (1/60) by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) (P=0.016) among adenocarcinomas, but consistent within five adeno-squamous cell carcinomas by both methods. ITH among KRAS mutations were detected in 20% (2/10) by DS, whereas consistent (10/10) by high resolution melting. No discrepancies in EML4-ALK rearrangements existed according to fluorescence in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION Rare ITHs of EGFR/KRAS/EML4-ALK alterations within histologically heterogeneous primary lung adenocarcinomas existed by methods with higher sensitivity. Discrepancies might be due to abundance of mutant tumor cells and detection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-zhao Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang-ping Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao-ran Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu-chao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue-ning Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-yong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Song Dong
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin-ji Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan-hui Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi-long Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Bai X, Zhang Q, Wu S, Zhang X, Wang M, He F, Wei T, Yang J, Lou Y, Cai Z, Liang T. Characteristics of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte and Circulating Lymphocyte Repertoires in Pancreatic Cancer by the Sequencing of T Cell Receptors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13664. [PMID: 26329277 PMCID: PMC4556988 DOI: 10.1038/srep13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis and few effective treatments. The failure of treatment is partially due to the high heterogeneity of cancer cells within the tumor. T cells target and kill cancer cells by the specific recognition of cancer-associated antigens. In this study, T cells from primary tumor and blood of sixteen patients with pancreatic cancer were characterized by deep sequencing. T cells from blood of another eight healthy volunteers were also studied as controls. By analyzing the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) gene sequence, we found no significant differences in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires between patients and healthy controls. Types and length of CDR3 were similar among groups. However, two clusters of patients were identified according to the degree of CDR3 overlap within tumor sample group. In addition, clonotypes with low frequencies were found in significantly higher numbers in primary pancreatic tumors compared to blood samples from patients and healthy controls. This study is the first to characterize the TCR repertoires of pancreatic cancers in both primary tumors and matched blood samples. The results imply that specific types of pancreatic cancer share potentially important immunological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wu
- National-regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingbang Wang
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute
| | - Fusheng He
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- National-regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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