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Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Agier L, Basagaña X, Urquiza J, Tamayo-Uria I, Giorgis-Allemand L, Robinson O, Siroux V, Maitre L, de Castro M, Valentin A, Donaire D, Dadvand P, Aasvang GM, Krog NH, Schwarze PE, Chatzi L, Grazuleviciene R, Andrusaityte S, Dedele A, McEachan R, Wright J, West J, Ibarluzea J, Ballester F, Vrijheid M, Slama R. Influence of the Urban Exposome on Birth Weight. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:47007. [PMID: 31009264 PMCID: PMC6785228 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exposome is defined as the totality of environmental exposures from conception onwards. It calls for providing a holistic view of environmental exposures and their effects on human health by evaluating multiple environmental exposures simultaneously during critical periods of life. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of the urban exposome with birth weight. METHODS We estimated exposure to the urban exposome, including the built environment, air pollution, road traffic noise, meteorology, natural space, and road traffic (corresponding to 24 environmental indicators and 60 exposures) for nearly 32,000 pregnant women from six European birth cohorts. To evaluate associations with either continuous birth weight or term low birth weight (TLBW) risk, we primarily relied on the Deletion-Substitution-Addition (DSA) algorithm, which is an extension of the stepwise variable selection method. Second, we used an exposure-by-exposure exposome-wide association studies (ExWAS) method accounting for multiple hypotheses testing to report associations not adjusted for coexposures. RESULTS The most consistent statistically significant associations were observed between increasing green space exposure estimated as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and increased birth weight and decreased TLBW risk. Furthermore, we observed statistically significant associations among presence of public bus line, land use Shannon's Evenness Index, and traffic density and birth weight in our DSA analysis. CONCLUSION This investigation is the first large urban exposome study of birth weight that tests many environmental urban exposures. It confirmed previously reported associations for NDVI and generated new hypotheses for a number of built-environment exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydiane Agier
- Team of environmental epidemiology applied to reproduction and respiratory health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Tamayo-Uria
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lise Giorgis-Allemand
- Team of environmental epidemiology applied to reproduction and respiratory health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Team of environmental epidemiology applied to reproduction and respiratory health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat de Castro
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Valentin
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Donaire
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Leda Chatzi
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rosie McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
- Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
- Sub-Directorate for Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Department of Health, Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing School, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of environmental epidemiology applied to reproduction and respiratory health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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202
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution has been linked to multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, few studies have examined pregnancy loss, targeting losses identified by hospital records, a large limitation as it does not capture events not reported to the medical system. METHODS We used a novel variation of the time-series design to determine the association, and identify the critical window of vulnerability, between week-to-week traffic-related air pollution and conceptions resulting in live births, using nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a traffic emissions tracer. We used information from all live births recorded at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA (2000-2013) and all live births in Tel Aviv District, Israel (2010-2013). RESULTS In Boston (68,969 live births), the strongest association was during the 15th week of gestation; for every 10 ppb of NO2 increase during that week, we observed a lower rate of live births (rate ratio [RR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78, 0.97), using live birth-identified conceptions to infer pregnancy losses. In the Tel Aviv District (95,053 live births), the strongest estimate was during the 16th gestational week gestation (RR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76, 0.90 per 10 ppb of NO2). CONCLUSIONS Using weekly conceptions ending in live birth rather than identified pregnancy losses, we comprehensively analyzed the relationship between air pollution and all pregnancy loss throughout gestation. The observed results, with remarkable similarity in two independent locations, suggest that higher traffic-related air pollution levels are associated with pregnancy loss, with strongest estimates between the 10th and 20th gestational weeks.
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203
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Vlaanderen J, Portengen L, Chadeau-Hyam M, Szpiro A, Gehring U, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Vermeulen R. Error in air pollution exposure model determinants and bias in health estimates. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:258-266. [PMID: 29880834 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Land use regression (LUR) models are commonly used in environmental epidemiology to assign spatially resolved estimates of air pollution to study participants. In this setting, estimated LUR model parameters are assumed to be transportable to a main study (the ''transportability assumption''). We provide an empirical illustration of how violation of this assumption can affect exposure predictions and bias health-effect estimates. METHODS We based our simulation on two existing LUR models, one for nitrogen dioxide, the other for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm. We assessed the impact of error in exposure determinants used in the LUR models on resultant air pollution predictions and on bias in an exposure-health-effect estimate assessed in a hypothetical cohort. We assigned error to predictors at monitoring sites (sites used to develop the LUR model) and at prediction sites (sites for which exposure predictions were needed), allowing for different error levels between site types. RESULTS Realistic error in the exposure determinants of the selected LUR models did not induce large additional error in exposure predictions and resulted in only minor (<1%) bias in health-effect estimates. Bias in the health-effect estimates strongly increased (up to 13.6%) when exposure determinant errors were different for monitoring sites than for prediction sites. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that only modest reductions in bias in estimated exposure health-effects are to be expected from reducing error in exposure determinants. It is important to avoid heterogeneous errors in exposure determinants between monitoring sites and prediction sites to satisfy the transportability assumption and avoid bias in estimated exposure health-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Vlaanderen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology & Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology & Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology & Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology & Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology & Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology & Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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204
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Enders C, Pearson D, Harley K, Ebisu K. Exposure to coarse particulate matter during gestation and term low birthweight in California: Variation in exposure and risk across region and socioeconomic subgroup. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1435-1444. [PMID: 30759582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence that particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) or ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) are associated with several adverse birth outcomes, research on the association between coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) and birth outcomes is scarce, and results have been inconsistent. Furthermore, the literature is unclear whether associations between PM10 and adverse birth outcomes were driven by PM2.5 alone or also by PM10-2.5 exposure. Research on the variation in exposure to and risk from PM10-2.5 across populations is also needed to identify potentially vulnerable subgroups. We used birth certificate and ambient air monitoring data in California from 2002 to 2013 to develop a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women and their infants. Averaged gestational and trimester-specific exposures of PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 were calculated for mothers whose residential zip code tabulation areas were within a 20 km radius of monitors. We assessed the relationship between prenatal exposure to PM10-2.5 and term low birthweight (TLBW) using logistic and linear regression, adjusting for maternal and paternal demographic, environmental, temporal, and health-related covariates. We also conducted analyses stratified by socioeconomic characteristics and regions. We found a relationship between PM10-2.5 exposure during pregnancy and TLBW after controlling for PM2.5 exposure: odds ratio for second quartile of exposure: 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.03), third quartile: 1.03 (1.00, 1.06), fourth quartile: 1.04 (1.01, 1.07), compared to the first quartile. Associations were strong among Non-Hispanic Black mothers, mothers living in the Central Valley, and fathers without a college degree. Exposure to and risk from PM10-2.5 were heterogeneous across California indicating environmental justice implications. We also found that paternal characteristics were associated with the risk of TLBW even after controlling for maternal characteristics. In addition to PM10-2.5 total mass, further research is needed on the components of PM10-2.5 which may be driving these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Enders
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th floor, Oakland, CA 94612, USA; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dharshani Pearson
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th floor, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Kim Harley
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Keita Ebisu
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th floor, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
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205
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Maternal Exposure to Particulate Matter during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth Outcomes in the Republic of Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040633. [PMID: 30795535 PMCID: PMC6406420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has become a global concern due to its association with numerous health effects. We aimed to assess associations between birth outcomes in Korea, such as preterm births and birth weight in term infants, and particulate matter < 10 µm (PM10). Records from 1,742,183 single births in 2010⁻2013 were evaluated. Mean PM10 concentrations during pregnancy were calculated and matched to birth data by registered regions. We analyzed the frequency of birth outcomes between groups using WHO criteria for PM10 concentrations with effect sizes estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Women exposed to PM10 > 70 µg/m³ during pregnancy had a higher rate of preterm births than women exposed to PM10 ≤ 70 µg/m³ (7.4% vs. 4.7%, P < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.570; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.487⁻1.656). The rate of low birth weight in term infants increased when women were exposed to PM10 > 70 µg/m³ (1.9% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.278), but this difference was not statistically significant (aOR 1.060, 95% CI: 0.953⁻1.178). In conclusion, PM10 exposure > 70 µg/m³ was associated with preterm births. Further studies are needed to explore the pathophysiologic mechanisms and guide policy development to prevent future adverse effects on birth outcomes.
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206
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Hue-Beauvais C, Aujean E, Miranda G, Ralliard-Rousseau D, Valentino S, Brun N, Ladebese S, Péchoux C, Chavatte-Palmer P, Charlier M. Impact of exposure to diesel exhaust during pregnancy on mammary gland development and milk composition in the rabbit. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212132. [PMID: 30763367 PMCID: PMC6375667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine-particulate air pollution is a major global health concern because it is associated with reduced birth weight and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Here we have investigated the potential for exposure to diesel exhaust during pregnancy to influence mammary gland development and milk composition. Female rabbits were therefore exposed by nose-only inhalation to either diluted diesel exhaust fumes (1 mg/m3) or clean air for 2h/day, 5 days/week, from the 3rd to the 27th days of pregnancy. On Day 28 of pregnancy, mammary glands were collected from twelve females (six controls and six diesel-exposed) and assessed for morphological and functional alterations. Milk samples were collected from eighteen dams (nine controls and nine diesel-exposed) during early (days 2 to 4) and established (days 13 to 16) lactation to verify the composition of fatty acids and major proteins and leptin levels. The mammary alveolar lumina contained numerous fat globules, and stearoyl CoA reductase expression was higher in mammary epithelia from diesel exhaust-exposed rabbits, which together suggested increased mammary lipid biosynthesis. Gas chromatography analysis of the composition of milk fatty acids revealed a sharp rise in the total fatty acid content, mainly due to monounsaturated fatty acids. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of milk samples enabled identification and quantification of the main rabbit milk proteins and their main phosphorylated isoforms, and revealed important changes to individual casein and whey protein contents and to their most phosphorylated isoforms during early lactation. Taken together, these findings suggest that repeated daily exposure to diesel exhaust fumes during pregnancy at urban pollution levels can influence lipid metabolism in the mammary gland and the lipid and protein composition of milk. As milk may contribute to metabolic programming, such alterations affecting milk composition should be taken into account from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Hue-Beauvais
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Etienne Aujean
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Guy Miranda
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Sarah Valentino
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Brun
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stessy Ladebese
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Madia Charlier
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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207
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Madsen C, Håberg SE, Aamodt G, Stigum H, Magnus P, London SJ, Nystad W, Nafstad P. Preeclampsia and Hypertension During Pregnancy in Areas with Relatively Low Levels of Traffic Air Pollution. Matern Child Health J 2019; 22:512-519. [PMID: 29285630 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Air pollution exposure may contribute to the development of preeclampsia and hypertension during pregnancy. However, the evidence for such a relation is still limited. We investigated the associations between exposure for moderate to low levels of air pollution during pregnancy and preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in selected urban and county areas of Norway. Methods This study used a sub-group of 17,533 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Air pollution levels at residential addresses were estimated using land use regression models and back-extrapolated to the period of each pregnancy. Information on preeclampsia and gestational hypertension were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and information on lifestyle factors was collected from questionnaires completed by the women during pregnancy. Results Moderate mean levels of NO2 (13.6 ± 6.9 µg/m3) at residential address during pregnancy were not associated with preeclampsia and pregnancy hypertension. We found no statistically significant associations per 10 µg/m3 change in NO2 exposure and preeclampsia (adjusted OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.74, 1.08) or hypertension during pregnancy (adjusted OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78, 1.06). Conclusions for Practice In this large Norwegian pregnancy cohort, we found no statistically significant associations for moderate to low levels of pregnancy NO2 exposure and preeclampsia or hypertension during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Madsen
- Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Health and Inequality, Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Siri Eldevik Håberg
- Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Aamodt
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie J London
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Nafstad
- Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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208
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Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in Europe. Epidemiology 2019; 29:618-626. [PMID: 29923866 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may increase attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children, but findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to study this association in a collaborative study of eight European population-based birth/child cohorts, including 29,127 mother-child pairs. METHODS Air pollution concentrations (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and particulate matter [PM]) were estimated at the birth address by land-use regression models based on monitoring campaigns performed between 2008 and 2011. We extrapolated concentrations back in time to exact pregnancy periods. Teachers or parents assessed ADHD symptoms at 3-10 years of age. We classified children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range and within the clinical range using validated cutoffs. We combined all adjusted area-specific effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis and multiple imputations and applied inverse probability-weighting methods to correct for loss to follow-up. RESULTS We classified a total of 2,801 children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range, and 1,590 within the clinical range. Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was not associated with a higher odds of ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range (e.g., adjusted odds ratio [OR] for ADHD symptoms of 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89, 1.01 per 10 µg/m increase in NO2 and 0.98, 95% CI = 0.80, 1.19 per 5 µg/m increase in PM2.5). We observed similar associations for ADHD within the clinical range. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence for an increase in risk of ADHD symptoms with increasing prenatal air pollution levels in children aged 3-10 years. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B379.
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209
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Janssen BG, Madhloum N, Gyselaers W, Bijnens E, Clemente DB, Cox B, Hogervorst J, Luyten L, Martens DS, Peusens M, Plusquin M, Provost EB, Roels HA, Saenen ND, Tsamou M, Vriens A, Winckelmans E, Vrijens K, Nawrot TS. Cohort Profile: The ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGEing (ENVIRONAGE): a birth cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 46:1386-1387m. [PMID: 28089960 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Narjes Madhloum
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wilfried Gyselaers
- Department of Obstetrics, East-Limburg Hospital, Genk, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esmée Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Diana B Clemente
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bianca Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Janneke Hogervorst
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leen Luyten
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Martien Peusens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eline B Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Harry A Roels
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsamou
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annette Vriens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ellen Winckelmans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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210
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Mahalingaiah S, Missmer SE, Cheng JJ, Chavarro J, Laden F, Hart JE. Perimenarchal air pollution exposure and menstrual disorders. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:512-519. [PMID: 29377993 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the association between perimenarchal exposure to total suspended particulate (TSP) in air, menstrual irregularity phenotypes and time to menstrual cycle regularity? SUMMARY ANSWER Exposures to TSP during high school are associated with slightly increased odds of menstrual irregularity and longer time to regularity in high school and early adulthood. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The menstrual cycle is responsive to hormonal regulation. Particulate matter air pollution has demonstrated hormonal activity. However, it is not known if air pollution is associated with menstrual cycle regularity. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross sectional study of 34 832 of the original 116 430 women (29.91%) enrolled in 1989 from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). The follow-up rate for this analytic sample was 97.76% at the 1991 survey. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Annual averages of TSP were available for each year of high school attendance. We created three case definitions including high school menstrual irregularity and androgen excess. The time to menstrual cycle regularity was reported by participants as <1 year, 1-2 years, 3-4 years, 5 years or longer, or never on the baseline questionnaire. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for 45 μg/m3 increases in TSP exposure, adjusted for risk factors for menstrual irregularity. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In multivariable adjusted models, we observed that for every 45 μg/m3 increase in average high school TSP there was an increased odds (95%CI) of 1.08 (1.03-1.14), 1.08 (1.02-1.15) and 1.10 (0.98-1.25) for moderate, persistent, and persistent with androgen excess irregularity phenotypes, respectively. TSP was also associated with a longer time to cycle regularity, with stronger results among women with older ages at menarche and those living in the Northeast or the West. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The outcomes of menstrual regularity and time to cycle regularity were retrospectively assessed outcomes and may be susceptible to recall bias. There is also the potential for selection bias, as women had to live until 2011 to provide addresses. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Temporal exposure to air pollution in the adolescent and early adulthood window may be especially important, given its association with phenotypes of menstrual irregularity. The data from this study agrees with existing literature regarding air pollution and reproductive tract diseases. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Shruthi Mahalingaiah: Reproductive Scientist Development Program HD000849, and a research grant from the Boston University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stacey Missmer: R01HD57210 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Environmental Health Sciences Translational Pilot Project Program, R01CA50385 from the National Cancer Institute, Jaime Hart and Francine Laden: 5R01ES017017 from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Jaime Hart: P30 ES00002 from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institute of Health, The Nurses' Health Study II is supported by infrastructure grant UM1CA176726 from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahalingaiah
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Medical Campus, 85 E Concord St. 6F, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - S E Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Secchia Center, 15 Michigan St. NE, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - J J Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Medical Campus, 85 E Concord St. 6F, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - J Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - F Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, 3rd F West, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, 3rd F West, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J E Hart
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, 3rd F West, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, 3rd F West, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nobles CJ, Schisterman EF, Ha S, Buck Louis GM, Sherman S, Mendola P. Time-varying cycle average and daily variation in ambient air pollution and fecundability. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:166-176. [PMID: 29136143 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does ambient air pollution affect fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER While cycle-average air pollution exposure was not associated with fecundability, we observed some associations for acute exposure around ovulation and implantation with fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Ambient air pollution exposure has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and decrements in semen quality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The LIFE study (2005-2009), a prospective time-to-pregnancy study, enrolled 501 couples who were followed for up to one year of attempting pregnancy. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Average air pollutant exposure was assessed for the menstrual cycle before and during the proliferative phase of each observed cycle (n = 500 couples; n = 2360 cycles) and daily acute exposure was assessed for sensitive windows of each observed cycle (n = 440 couples; n = 1897 cycles). Discrete-time survival analysis modeled the association between fecundability and an interquartile range increase in each pollutant, adjusting for co-pollutants, site, age, race/ethnicity, parity, body mass index, smoking, income and education. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Cycle-average air pollutant exposure was not associated with fecundability. In acute models, fecundability was diminished with exposure to ozone the day before ovulation and nitrogen oxides 8 days post ovulation (fecundability odds ratio [FOR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72, 0.96 and FOR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.99, respectively). However, particulate matter ≤10 microns 6 days post ovulation was associated with greater fecundability (FOR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.54). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although our study was unlikely to be biased due to confounding, misclassification of air pollution exposure and the moderate study size may have limited our ability to detect an association between ambient air pollution and fecundability. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS While no associations were observed for cycle-average ambient air pollution exposure, consistent with past research in the United States, exposure during critical windows of hormonal variability was associated with prospectively measured couple fecundability, warranting further investigation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment study contract nos. #N01-HD-3-3355, NO1-HD-#-3356, N01-HD-3-3358 and the Air Quality and Reproductive Health Study Contract No. HHSN275200800002I, Task Order No. HHSN27500008). We declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Nobles
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive Room 3119, MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive Room 3119, MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sandie Ha
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive Room 3119, MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive Room 3119, MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Seth Sherman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive Room 3119, MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive Room 3119, MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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212
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Liu Y, Xu J, Chen D, Sun P, Ma X. The association between air pollution and preterm birth and low birth weight in Guangdong, China. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:3. [PMID: 30606145 PMCID: PMC6318948 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mountain of evidence has shown that people's physical and mental health can be affected by various air pollutions. Poor pregnancy outcomes are associated with exposure to air pollution. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between air pollutions (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) and preterm birth/low birth weight in Guangdong province, China. METHOD All maternal data and birth data from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 were selected from a National Free Pre-pregnancy Check-ups system, and the daily air quality data of Guangdong Province was collected from China National Environmental Monitoring Center. 1784 women with either preterm birth information (n = 687) or low birth weight information (n = 1097) were used as experimental group. Control group included 1766 women with healthy birth information. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the effects of air pollutants on the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. RESULTS The pollution levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 in Guangdong province were all lower than the national air pollution concentrations. The concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO had obvious seasonal trends with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. O3 concentrations in September (65.72 μg/m3) and October (84.18 μg/m3) were relatively higher. After controlling for the impact of confounding factors, the increases in the risk of preterm birth were associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.01-1.09) and PM10 (OR 1.039, 95% CI 1.01~1.14) during the first trimester and in PM2.5 (OR 1.038, 95% CI 1.01~1.12), PM10 (OR 1.024, 95% CI 1.02~1.09), SO2 (OR 1.081, 95% CI 1.01~1.29), and O3 (OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.004~1.35) during the third trimester. The increase in the risk of low birth weight was associated with PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 in the first month and the last month. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence for the relationships between air pollutions and preterm birth/low birth weight. Pregnant women are recommended to reduce or avoid exposure to air pollutions during pregnancy, especially in the early and late stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute of Psychology Continuing Education College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Research Institute for Family Planning, No.12, Dahuisi Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jihong Xu
- Research Center for Mental Health and Behavior Big Data, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Dian Chen
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Research Center for Mental Health and Behavior Big Data, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
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213
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Manangama G, Migault L, Audignon-Durand S, Gramond C, Zaros C, Bouvier G, Brochard P, Sentilhes L, Lacourt A, Delva F. Maternal occupational exposures to nanoscale particles and small for gestational age outcome in the French Longitudinal Study of Children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:322-329. [PMID: 30459064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between maternal occupational exposures to nanoscale particles (NPs) during pregnancy and small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS This study included 11,224 mothers and singleton birth pairs from the French Longitudinal Study of Children (ELFE cohort), which included infants born after 33 weeks of gestation or more in continental France in 2011. Mothers who did not work during pregnancy were excluded from the analyses. Maternal occupational exposures to NPs was estimated using a job-exposure matrix for the probability (>50%: occupationally exposed group, n = 569; 0%: occupationally non-exposed group, n = 9113; between these two thresholds: uncertain group, n = 1542) and frequency of exposure. Associations were estimated from multivariate logistic regression models for occupationally exposed vs occupationally unexposed groups in a first analysis, and with the frequency-weighted duration of work for the occupationally exposed group only in a second analysis. RESULTS Among working mothers, 5.1% were occupationally exposed to NPs. Maternal occupational exposures to NPs was associated with SGA (ORa = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.18). The frequency-weighted duration of work for the occupationally exposed group (n = 569) was not associated with SGA (ORa = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.08) in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS These results, showing a significant association between occupational exposures to NPs and SGA, should encourage further studies to examine the adverse effect of NPs exposure on fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manangama
- Epicene, INSERM U1219 and University Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine du travail et de pathologies professionnelles, CHU Bordeaux, France.
| | - L Migault
- Epicene, INSERM U1219 and University Bordeaux, France
| | - S Audignon-Durand
- Epicene, INSERM U1219 and University Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine du travail et de pathologies professionnelles, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - C Gramond
- Epicene, INSERM U1219 and University Bordeaux, France
| | - C Zaros
- Joint research unit ELFE, Ined-Inserm-EFS, France
| | - G Bouvier
- Epicene, INSERM U1219 and University Bordeaux, France
| | - P Brochard
- Epicene, INSERM U1219 and University Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine du travail et de pathologies professionnelles, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - L Sentilhes
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - A Lacourt
- Epicene, INSERM U1219 and University Bordeaux, France
| | - F Delva
- Epicene, INSERM U1219 and University Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine du travail et de pathologies professionnelles, CHU Bordeaux, France
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214
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Mariet AS, Mauny F, Pujol S, Thiriez G, Sagot P, Riethmuller D, Boilleaut M, Defrance J, Houot H, Parmentier AL, Vasseur-Barba M, Benzenine E, Quantin C, Bernard N. Multiple pregnancies and air pollution in moderately polluted cities: Is there an association between air pollution and fetal growth? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:890-897. [PMID: 30347371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple pregnancies (where more than one fetus develops simultaneously in the womb) are systematically excluded from studies of the impact of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to analyze, in a population of multiple pregnancies, the relationship between fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA) and exposure to air pollution in moderately polluted cities. METHODS All women with multiple pregnancies living in the city of Besançon or in the urban area of Dijon and who delivered at a university hospital between 2005 and 2009 were included. FGR and SGA were obtained from medical records. Outdoor residential nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure was assessed using the mother's address, considering a 50 m radius buffer over the following defined pregnancy periods: each trimester, entire pregnancy and two months before delivery. Logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS This study included 249 multiple pregnancies with 506 newborns. The median of NO2 concentration considering a 50 m radius buffer during entire pregnancy was 23.1 μg/m3 (minimum at 10.1 μg/m3 and maximum at 46.7 μg/m3). No association was observed between NO2 and SGA whatever the pregnancy period (the odds ratio (OR) range 0.78 to 0.88). Regarding FGR, the OR associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 of NO2 exposure during entire pregnancy was 1.52 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02-2.26). Similar results were observed for NO2 exposure during the various pregnancy periods. CONCLUSIONS These results are in line with an association between NO2 and fetal growth in multiple pregnancies for an exposure mostly below the threshold set out in European legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Mariet
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Service de Biostatistiques et d'Information Médicale, F-21000 Dijon, France; CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center of Dijon (Inserm CIC 1432), F-21000 Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), UMR 1181, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Mauny
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Sophie Pujol
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Gérard Thiriez
- CHU de Besançon, Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Néonatalogie et Urgences Pédiatriques, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Paul Sagot
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Didier Riethmuller
- CHU de Besançon, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Jérôme Defrance
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Pôle Acoustique et Eclairage, F-38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Hélène Houot
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire ThéMA UMR 6049, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Parmentier
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marie Vasseur-Barba
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Eric Benzenine
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Service de Biostatistiques et d'Information Médicale, F-21000 Dijon, France; CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center of Dijon (Inserm CIC 1432), F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Quantin
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Service de Biostatistiques et d'Information Médicale, F-21000 Dijon, France; CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center of Dijon (Inserm CIC 1432), F-21000 Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), UMR 1181, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nadine Bernard
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire ThéMA UMR 6049, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Xue T, Zhu T. Association between fertility rate reduction and pre-gestational exposure to ambient fine particles in the United States, 2003-2011. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:955-962. [PMID: 30355539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient pollutants are associated with clinical and sub-clinical indicators of infertility, such as poor sperm quality. However, the link between the ambient fine particle (PM2.5) concentration and the fertility rate (FR) is unclear. In this epidemiological study, we examined the association between PM2.5 concentration and childlessness in the United States (US). We conducted a nationwide spatiotemporal study of ~29 million births in 520 US counties from 2003 to 2011. We obtained monthly numbers and demographic data of newborns from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and PM2.5 estimates from a downscaling model of in situ observations and outputs from the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model. We evaluated the association between the mean PM2.5 concentration and the FR during the gestational (0-8 months before birth) and pre-gestational (9-11 months before birth) periods using a Poisson model with demographic and socioeconomic covariates. We found a significant association between the FR and PM2.5 exposure during pre-gestation but not gestation. Each 5 μg/m3 increase in pre-gestational PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 0.7% (0.0%, 1.4%) reduction in the FR. Nonlinear analysis suggested a sublinear association between the reduction in the FR and PM2.5 concentration without a safety threshold. Additionally, an annual mean reduction of 1.16 (1.15, 1.17) births per 1000 females aged 15-44 years was attributable to PM2.5. This study established, for the first time, an association in the US between the FR and PM2.5 concentration, a finding that adds to the extant epidemiological evidence of the effects of ambient pollutants on fertility, and extends the scope of the impact of low air quality on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xue
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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216
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Griffiths
- Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ian S Mudway
- MRC-PHE Centre in Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
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217
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Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Particulate Matter Air Pollution: Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:680. [PMID: 30505291 PMCID: PMC6250783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly depending on the source, studies from across the world have consistently shown that air pollution is an important modifiable risk factor for significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Moreover, clinical studies have generally shown a greater impact of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on health than the gaseous components. PM has wide-ranging deleterious effects on human health, particularly on the cardiovascular system. Both acute and chronic exposure to PM air pollution is associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and ischemic/thrombotic stroke. Particulate matter has also been shown to be an important endocrine disrupter, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, which themselves are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. While the epidemiological evidence for the deleterious effects of PM air pollution on health is increasingly accepted, newer studies are shedding light on the mechanisms by which PM exerts its toxic effects. A greater understanding of how PM exerts toxic effects on human health is required in order to prevent and minimize the deleterious health effects of this ubiquitous environmental hazard. Air pollution is a growing public health problem and mortality due to air pollution is expected to double by 2050. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for the cardiovascular effects of PM exposure and discuss current understanding about the biological mechanisms, by which PM exerts toxic effects on cardiovascular system to induce cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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218
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Poulsen AH, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Peña A, Hahmann AN, Nordsborg RB, Ketzel M, Brandt J, Sørensen M. Pregnancy exposure to wind turbine noise and adverse birth outcomes: a nationwide cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:770-775. [PMID: 30236517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Noise from wind turbines (WTs) is reported as more annoying than traffic noise at similar levels, raising concerns as to whether WT noise (WTN) may negatively affect health, as reported for traffic noise. We aimed to investigate whether residential WTN is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Based on national registries, we identified all Danish dwellings situated within ≤ 20 wt heights radius and a random selection of 25% of dwellings situated within 20-40 wt heights radius of a WT. We identified 135,795 pregnant women living in the dwellings from 1982 to 2013, and collected information on gestational age and birth weight from a national birth registry. Using data on WT type and simulated hourly wind at each WT, we estimated hourly outdoor and low frequency (LF) indoor WTN at the dwellings of the pregnant women and aggregated as mean nighttime WTN during pregnancy. We used logistic regression with adjustment for individual and area-level covariates for the analyses. We did not find evidence suggesting that mean pregnancy or trimester-specific exposure to outdoor or indoor LF WTN were associated with any of the three adverse birth outcomes investigated: preterm birth (n = 13,003), term small for gestational age (n = 12,220) or term low birth weight (n = 1127). However, the number of cases in the highest exposure categories of ≥ 42 dB outdoor WTN or ≥ 15 dB indoor LF WTN were low for all outcomes (n between 0 and 31). The present study does not support an association between nighttime WTN and adverse birth outcomes. However, there were few cases in the high exposure groups and the results call for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslak Harbo Poulsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alfredo Peña
- DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andrea N Hahmann
- DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rikke Baastrup Nordsborg
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Xue T, Zhu T, Han Y. Association between birthweight and ambient PM 2.5 in the United States: Individually-varied susceptibility and spatial heterogeneity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:388-397. [PMID: 30005187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and birthweight varies geographically, which may be caused by susceptibility. Whether this population-level association is a function of mixtures of individuals with different susceptibilities is unclear. We investigated the probability distribution of individuals with different susceptibilities to PM2.5-related birthweight change, and evaluated spatial variation of the effect across the United States (US). We estimated the individual-level susceptibility using the effect of PM2.5 among a homogenous subpopulation, which was defined by a specific combination of modifiers. According to frequencies for all combinations, we derived the probability distribution of differential susceptibilities across the US and by states. From birth certificates across the US (1999-2004), we analyzed a total of 18,317,707 samples of singletons. Of the samples, 54-55% were assigned valid exposures, and linked to PM2.5. The subpopulation-specific associations of PM2.5 on birthweight change (i.e., susceptibilities) ranged from negative to positive. For the first-trimester exposure, 61.4% of the associations were negative, and the mean was -1.01 g (95% confidence interval, CI: -1.63, -0.38) of birthweight change per 5 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5. The state-level associations varied (from -2.04 g [-2.76, -1.31] in New Hampshire to -0.30 g [-1.01, 0.41] in Texas) with demographic compositions in the US. The between-state variations of maternal race and education level were the greatest contributors to the spatial heterogeneity. Our findings may be useful to the policymaker in planning interventions for subpopulations susceptible to ambient pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xue
- BIC-ESAT, SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT, SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yiqun Han
- Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Kings College London, United Kingdom
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Kim JS, Alderete TL, Chen Z, Lurmann F, Rappaport E, Habre R, Berhane K, Gilliland FD. Longitudinal associations of in utero and early life near-roadway air pollution with trajectories of childhood body mass index. Environ Health 2018; 17:64. [PMID: 30213262 PMCID: PMC6137930 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that childhood near-roadway air pollution (NRAP) exposures contribute to increased body mass index (BMI); however, effects of NRAP exposure during the vulnerable periods including in utero and first year of life have yet to be established. In this study, we examined whether exposure to elevated concentrations of NRAP during in utero and/or first year of life increase childhood BMI growth. METHODS Participants in the Children's Health Study enrolled from 2002 to 2003 with annual visits over a four-year period and who changed residences before study entry were included (n = 2318). Annual height and weight were measured and lifetime residential NRAP exposures including in utero and first year of life periods were estimated by nitrogen oxides (NOx) using the California line-source dispersion model. Linear mixed effects models assessed in utero or first year near-road freeway and non-freeway NOx exposures and BMI growth after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, Spanish questionnaire, and later childhood near-road NOx exposure. RESULTS A two-standard deviation difference in first year of life near-road freeway NOx exposure was associated with a 0.1 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.2) faster increase in BMI growth per year and a 0.5 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.9) higher attained BMI at age 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Higher exposure to early life NRAP increased the rate of change of childhood BMI and resulted in a higher attained BMI at age 10 years that were independent of later childhood exposures. These findings suggest that elevated early life NRAP exposures contribute to increased obesity risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer S. Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | | | - Ed Rappaport
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
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Maitre L, de Bont J, Casas M, Robinson O, Aasvang GM, Agier L, Andrušaitytė S, Ballester F, Basagaña X, Borràs E, Brochot C, Bustamante M, Carracedo A, de Castro M, Dedele A, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Estivill X, Evandt J, Fossati S, Giorgis-Allemand L, R Gonzalez J, Granum B, Grazuleviciene R, Bjerve Gützkow K, Småstuen Haug L, Hernandez-Ferrer C, Heude B, Ibarluzea J, Julvez J, Karachaliou M, Keun HC, Hjertager Krog N, Lau CHE, Leventakou V, Lyon-Caen S, Manzano C, Mason D, McEachan R, Meltzer HM, Petraviciene I, Quentin J, Roumeliotaki T, Sabido E, Saulnier PJ, Siskos AP, Siroux V, Sunyer J, Tamayo I, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, van Gent D, Vives-Usano M, Waiblinger D, Warembourg C, Chatzi L, Coen M, van den Hazel P, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Slama R, Thomsen C, Wright J, Vrijheid M. Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) study: a European population-based exposome cohort. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021311. [PMID: 30206078 PMCID: PMC6144482 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Essential to exposome research is the collection of data on many environmental exposures from different domains in the same subjects. The aim of the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) study was to measure and describe multiple environmental exposures during early life (pregnancy and childhood) in a prospective cohort and associate these exposures with molecular omics signatures and child health outcomes. Here, we describe recruitment, measurements available and baseline data of the HELIX study populations. PARTICIPANTS The HELIX study represents a collaborative project across six established and ongoing longitudinal population-based birth cohort studies in six European countries (France, Greece, Lithuania, Norway, Spain and the UK). HELIX used a multilevel study design with the entire study population totalling 31 472 mother-child pairs, recruited during pregnancy, in the six existing cohorts (first level); a subcohort of 1301 mother-child pairs where biomarkers, omics signatures and child health outcomes were measured at age 6-11 years (second level) and repeat-sampling panel studies with around 150 children and 150 pregnant women aimed at collecting personal exposure data (third level). FINDINGS TO DATE Cohort data include urban environment, hazardous substances and lifestyle-related exposures for women during pregnancy and their offspring from birth until 6-11 years. Common, standardised protocols were used to collect biological samples, measure exposure biomarkers and omics signatures and assess child health across the six cohorts. Baseline data of the cohort show substantial variation in health outcomes and determinants between the six countries, for example, in family affluence levels, tobacco smoking, physical activity, dietary habits and prevalence of childhood obesity, asthma, allergies and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. FUTURE PLANS HELIX study results will inform on the early life exposome and its association with molecular omics signatures and child health outcomes. Cohort data are accessible for future research involving researchers external to the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroen de Bont
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Robinson
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lydiane Agier
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology, IAB, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm, CNRS, CHU-Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandra Andrušaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ferran Ballester
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Nursing School, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Borràs
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Céline Brochot
- Unité Modèles pour l’Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), Santiago, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Montserrat de Castro
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Audrius Dedele
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - David Donaire-Gonzalez
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Genomics Unit, Dexeus Woman’s Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Serena Fossati
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lise Giorgis-Allemand
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology, IAB, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm, CNRS, CHU-Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Juan R Gonzalez
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berit Granum
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Carles Hernandez-Ferrer
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Heude
- Inserm UMR 1153—Centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Biostatistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Equipe de recherche sur les origines précoces de la santé et du développement de l’enfant (ORCHAD), Villejuif, France
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Health, Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Karachaliou
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Hector C Keun
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chung-Ho E Lau
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vasiliki Leventakou
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology, IAB, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm, CNRS, CHU-Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Cyntia Manzano
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Inga Petraviciene
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Joane Quentin
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology, IAB, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm, CNRS, CHU-Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Pierre-Jean Saulnier
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique CIC1402, Inserm, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Alexandros P Siskos
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology, IAB, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm, CNRS, CHU-Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibon Tamayo
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Urquiza
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Diana van Gent
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Usano
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dagmar Waiblinger
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Charline Warembourg
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Muireann Coen
- Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter van den Hazel
- Veiligheids- en Gezondheidsregio Gelderland Midden (VGGM), Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology, IAB, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm, CNRS, CHU-Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Guxens M, Lubczyńska MJ, Muetzel RL, Dalmau-Bueno A, Jaddoe VWV, Hoek G, van der Lugt A, Verhulst FC, White T, Brunekreef B, Tiemeier H, El Marroun H. Air Pollution Exposure During Fetal Life, Brain Morphology, and Cognitive Function in School-Age Children. Biol Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 29530279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during fetal life has been related to impaired child neurodevelopment, but it is unclear if brain structural alterations underlie this association. The authors assessed whether air pollution exposure during fetal life alters brain morphology and whether these alterations mediate the association between air pollution exposure during fetal life and cognitive function in school-age children. METHODS We used data from a population-based birth cohort set up in Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2002-2006). Residential levels of air pollution during the entire fetal period were calculated using land-use regression models. Structural neuroimaging and cognitive function were performed at 6 to 10 years of age (n = 783). Models were adjusted for several socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. RESULTS Mean fine particle levels were 20.2 μg/m3 (range, 16.8-28.1 μg/m3). Children exposed to higher particulate matter levels during fetal life had thinner cortex in several brain regions of both hemispheres (e.g., cerebral cortex of the precuneus region in the right hemisphere was 0.045 mm thinner (95% confidence interval, 0.028-0.062) for each 5-μg/m3 increase in fine particles). The reduced cerebral cortex in precuneus and rostral middle frontal regions partially mediated the association between exposure to fine particles and impaired inhibitory control. Air pollution exposure was not associated with global brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to fine particles during fetal life was related to child brain structural alterations of the cerebral cortex, and these alterations partially mediated the association between exposure to fine particles during fetal life and impaired child inhibitory control. Such cognitive impairment at early ages could have significant long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Małgorzata J Lubczyńska
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Dalmau-Bueno
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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The association of air pollution with congenital anomalies: An exploratory study in the northern Netherlands. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:1061-1067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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224
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Li G, Saad S, Oliver BG, Chen H. Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome. TOXICS 2018; 6:E43. [PMID: 30071638 PMCID: PMC6160993 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to gestational complications and organ disorders in the offspring. As nicotine replacement therapy is often ineffective for smoking cessation, pregnant women turn to alternatives such as heat-not-burn tobacco and e-cigarettes. Recently, the popularly of e-cigarettes has been increasing especially among the youth and pregnant women, mainly due to the advertisements claiming their safety. This has even led to some clinicians recommending their use during pregnancy. E-cigarettes heat e-liquid to produce an aerosol (e-vapor), delivering flavorings and nicotine to the user. However, e-vapor also contains toxins such as formaldehyde along with heavy metals and carcinogenic nitrosamines. In addition, specific flavoring compounds such as diacetyl can be toxic themselves or decompose into toxic compounds such as benzaldehydes. These compounds can induce toxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress in the mothers and can accumulate in the developing fetus, affecting intrauterine development. Recent animal studies suggest that maternal e-vapor exposure during pregnancy could cause respiratory and neurological disorders in the offspring. This review will examine the available literature to shed light on the current understanding of this problem-to-be from lessons learned in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Xiao Q, Chen H, Strickland MJ, Kan H, Chang HH, Klein M, Yang C, Meng X, Liu Y. Associations between birth outcomes and maternal PM 2.5 exposure in Shanghai: A comparison of three exposure assessment approaches. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:226-236. [PMID: 29763818 PMCID: PMC6091210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have estimated effects of maternal PM2.5 exposure on birth outcomes in China due to the lack of historical air pollution data. OBJECTIVES We estimated the associations between maternal PM2.5 exposure and birth outcomes using gap-filled satellite estimates in Shanghai, China. METHODS We obtained birth registration records of 132,783 singleton live births during 2011-2014 in Shanghai. PM2.5 exposures were assessed from satellite-derived estimates or central-site measurements. Linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate associations with term birth weight and term low birth weight (LBW), respectively. Logistic and discrete-time survival models were used to estimate associations with preterm birth. Effect modification by maternal age and parental education levels was investigated. RESULTS A 10 μg/m3 increase in gap-filled satellite-based whole-pregnancy PM2.5 exposure was associated with a -12.85 g (95% CI: -18.44, -7.27) change in term birth weight, increased risk of preterm birth (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.36), and increased risk of term LBW (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.41). Sensitivity analyses during 2013-2014, when ground PM2.5 measurements were available, showed that the health associations using gap-filled satellite PM2.5 concentrations were higher than those obtained using satellite PM2.5 concentrations without accounting for missingness. The health associations using gap-filled satellite PM2.5 had similar magnitudes to those using central-site measurements, but with narrower confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of associations between maternal PM2.5 exposure and adverse birth outcomes in Shanghai was higher than previous findings. One reason could be reduced exposure error of the gap-filled high-resolution satellite PM2.5 estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Xiao
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanyi Chen
- Science Research and Information Management Section, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Howard H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mitchel Klein
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Section of Cancer and Injury Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ye L, Ji Y, Lv W, Zhu Y, Lu C, Xu B, Xia Y. Associations between maternal exposure to air pollution and birth outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in Taizhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21927-21936. [PMID: 29797193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from Western country settings had shown correlation between maternal exposure to air pollution and pregnancy outcomes; however, the evidence is difficult to clearly interpret. We aimed to investigate the association of maternal exposure to air pollution expressed as particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The exposure was assessed for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester and related to the birth outcomes. During each trimester of gestation, the effect of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exposure as well as the entire pregnancy on the preterm birth, low birth weight, and term babies' birth weight was explored. The dataset of 26,998 delivered live births between January 1, 2013 and May 31, 2016, were collected from the Taizhou Maternal and Child Care Service Center. Air monitoring data were collected from the Taizhou Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center for the same period. We used multi-variable logistic and linear regression analyses to investigate the correlation of air pollution to maternal and outcomes of birth. In models of adjusted single pollutant for second trimester, NO2 concentration was positively correlated with term low birth weight and preterm birth [aRR for an interquartile range increase: 1.59 (1.44, 1.75); 1.27 (1.12, 1.44)]; likewise, a 1 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was correlated with a reduction in birth weight 2.94 g (P < 0.001) in linear models. Each of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration was also associated with preterm birth [aRR for an interquartile range increase 1.30 (1.21, 1.38); 1.39 (1.27, 1.52)]. In co-pollutant models, the results were similar. Maternal exposure to air pollutant in Taizhou was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and reduction in birth weight. We reported a potential link between maternal exposure to air pollution and negative outcomes of birth in Taizhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- Taizhou Maternal and Child Health Care Center, 399 Hailing South Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinwen Ji
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Lv
- School of Business, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Robinson O, Tamayo I, de Castro M, Valentin A, Giorgis-Allemand L, Hjertager Krog N, Marit Aasvang G, Ambros A, Ballester F, Bird P, Chatzi L, Cirach M, Dėdelė A, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Gražuleviciene R, Iakovidis M, Ibarluzea J, Kampouri M, Lepeule J, Maitre L, McEachan R, Oftedal B, Siroux V, Slama R, Stephanou EG, Sunyer J, Urquiza J, Vegard Weyde K, Wright J, Vrijheid M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Basagaña X. The Urban Exposome during Pregnancy and Its Socioeconomic Determinants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:077005. [PMID: 30024382 PMCID: PMC6108870 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urban exposome is the set of environmental factors that are experienced in the outdoor urban environment and that may influence child development. OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to describe the urban exposome among European pregnant women and understand its socioeconomic determinants. METHODS Using geographic information systems, remote sensing and spatio-temporal modeling we estimated exposure during pregnancy to 28 environmental indicators in almost 30,000 women from six population-based birth cohorts, in nine urban areas from across Europe. Exposures included meteorological factors, air pollutants, traffic noise, traffic indicators, natural space, the built environment, public transport, facilities, and walkability. Socioeconomic position (SEP), assessed at both the area and individual level, was related to the exposome through an exposome-wide association study and principal component (PC) analysis. RESULTS Mean±standard deviation (SD) NO2 levels ranged from 13.6±5.1 μg/m3 (in Heraklion, Crete) to 43.2±11 μg/m3 (in Sabadell, Spain), mean±SD walkability score ranged from 0.22±0.04 (Kaunas, Lithuania) to 0.32±0.07 (Valencia, Spain) and mean±SD Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ranged from 0.21±0.05 in Heraklion to 0.51±0.1 in Oslo, Norway. Four PCs explained more than half of variation in the urban exposome. There was considerable heterogeneity in social patterning of the urban exposome across cities. For example, high-SEP (based on family education) women lived in greener, less noisy, and less polluted areas in Bradford, UK (0.39 higher PC1 score, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31, 0.47), but the reverse was observed in Oslo (-0.57 PC1 score, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.41). For most cities, effects were stronger when SEP was assessed at the area level: In Bradford, women living in high SEP areas had a 1.34 higher average PC1 score (95% CI: 1.21, 1.48). CONCLUSIONS The urban exposome showed considerable variability across Europe. Pregnant women of low SEP were exposed to higher levels of environmental hazards in some cities, but not others, which may contribute to inequities in child health and development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2862.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Robinson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Ibon Tamayo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Montserrat de Castro
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Antonia Valentin
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Lise Giorgis-Allemand
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Albert Ambros
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pippa Bird
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (BTHFT), Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marta Cirach
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Audrius Dėdelė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunus, Lithuania
| | - David Donaire-Gonzalez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Minas Iakovidis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Health Research Institute (BIODONOSTIA), San Sebastian, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
- Public Health Department, Basque Government, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Rosie McEachan
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (BTHFT), Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Valerie Siroux
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Remy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Euripides G Stephanou
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - John Wright
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (BTHFT), Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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228
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Heft-Neal S, Burney J, Bendavid E, Burke M. Robust relationship between air quality and infant mortality in Africa. Nature 2018; 559:254-258. [PMID: 29950722 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Poor air quality is thought to be an important mortality risk factor globally1-3, but there is little direct evidence from the developing world on how mortality risk varies with changing exposure to ambient particulate matter. Current global estimates apply exposure-response relationships that have been derived mostly from wealthy, mid-latitude countries to spatial population data4, and these estimates remain unvalidated across large portions of the globe. Here we combine household survey-based information on the location and timing of nearly 1 million births across sub-Saharan Africa with satellite-based estimates5 of exposure to ambient respirable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) to estimate the impact of air quality on mortality rates among infants in Africa. We find that a 10 μg m-3 increase in PM2.5 concentration is associated with a 9% (95% confidence interval, 4-14%) rise in infant mortality across the dataset. This effect has not declined over the last 15 years and does not diminish with higher levels of household wealth. Our estimates suggest that PM2.5 concentrations above minimum exposure levels were responsible for 22% (95% confidence interval, 9-35%) of infant deaths in our 30 study countries and led to 449,000 (95% confidence interval, 194,000-709,000) additional deaths of infants in 2015, an estimate that is more than three times higher than existing estimates that attribute death of infants to poor air quality for these countries2,6. Upward revision of disease-burden estimates in the studied countries in Africa alone would result in a doubling of current estimates of global deaths of infants that are associated with air pollution, and modest reductions in African PM2.5 exposures are predicted to have health benefits to infants that are larger than most known health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Heft-Neal
- Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Burney
- School of Global Policy and Strategy, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eran Bendavid
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marshall Burke
- Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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229
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Schulz AJ, Mentz GB, Sampson N, Ward M, Dvonch JT, de Majo R, Israel BA, Reyes AG, Wilkins D. Independent and Joint Contributions of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Population Vulnerability to Mortality in the Detroit Metropolitan Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061209. [PMID: 29890666 PMCID: PMC6024972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter is associated with adverse health outcomes. Exposure to fine particulate matter may disproportionately affect urban communities with larger numbers of vulnerable residents. We used multilevel logistic regression models to estimate the joint effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and population vulnerabilities on cardiopulmonary mortality (CPM). We estimated the health benefits of reductions in PM2.5 across census tracts in the Detroit metropolitan area with varying levels of population vulnerability, using cluster-specific odds ratios scaled to reflect PM2.5-attributable cardiopulmonary risk. PM2.5 and population vulnerability were independently associated with odds of CPM. Odds of CPM and the number of deaths attributable to PM2.5 were greatest in census tracts with both high PM2.5 exposures and population vulnerability. Reducing PM2.5 in census tracts with high PM2.5 would lead to an estimated 18% annual reduction in PM2.5-attributable CPM. Between 78–79% of those reductions in CPM would occur within census tracts with high population vulnerabilities. These health benefits of reductions in PM2.5 occurred at levels below current U.S. reference concentrations. Focusing efforts to reduce PM2.5 in the Detroit metropolitan area in census tracts with currently high levels would also lead to greater benefits for residents of census tracts with high population vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Schulz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Graciela B Mentz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Department of Health and Human Services, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA.
| | - Melanie Ward
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J Timothy Dvonch
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ricardo de Majo
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Barbara A Israel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Angela G Reyes
- Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, MI 48216, USA.
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Hime NJ, Marks GB, Cowie CT. A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1206. [PMID: 29890638 PMCID: PMC6024892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article briefly reviews evidence of health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution from five common outdoor emission sources: traffic, coal-fired power stations, diesel exhaust, domestic wood combustion heaters, and crustal dust. The principal purpose of this review is to compare the evidence of health effects associated with these different sources with a view to answering the question: Is exposure to PM from some emission sources associated with worse health outcomes than exposure to PM from other sources? Answering this question will help inform development of air pollution regulations and environmental policy that maximises health benefits. Understanding the health effects of exposure to components of PM and source-specific PM are active fields of investigation. However, the different methods that have been used in epidemiological studies, along with the differences in populations, emission sources, and ambient air pollution mixtures between studies, make the comparison of results between studies problematic. While there is some evidence that PM from traffic and coal-fired power station emissions may elicit greater health effects compared to PM from other sources, overall the evidence to date does not indicate a clear ‘hierarchy’ of harmfulness for PM from different emission sources. Further investigations of the health effects of source-specific PM with more advanced approaches to exposure modeling, measurement, and statistics, are required before changing the current public health protection approach of minimising exposure to total PM mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Hime
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- The Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Guy B Marks
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Goulburn Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Christine T Cowie
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Goulburn Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia.
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231
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Kim D, Chen Z, Zhou LF, Huang SX. Air pollutants and early origins of respiratory diseases. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2018; 4:75-94. [PMID: 29988883 PMCID: PMC6033955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a global health threat and causes millions of human deaths annually. The late onset of respiratory diseases in children and adults due to prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants is emerging as a critical concern in human health. Pregnancy and fetal development stages are highly susceptible to environmental exposure and tend to develop a long-term impact in later life. In this review, we briefly glance at the direct impact of outdoor and indoor air pollutants on lung diseases and pregnancy disorders. We further focus on lung complications in later life with early exposure to air pollutants. Epidemiological evidence is provided to show the association of prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants with various adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, lower birth weight, and lung developmental defects, which further associate with respiratory diseases and reduced lung function in children and adults. Mechanistic evidence is also discussed to support that air pollutants impact various cellular and molecular targets at early life, which link to the pathogenesis and altered immune responses related to abnormal respiratory functions and lung diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lin-Fu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shou-Xiong Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA
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232
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Liu NM, Grigg J. Diesel, children and respiratory disease. BMJ Paediatr Open 2018; 2:e000210. [PMID: 29862329 PMCID: PMC5976105 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution generated in urban areas is a global public health burden since half of the world's population live in either cities, megacities or periurban areas. Its direct effects include initiating and exacerbating disease, with indirect effects on health mediated via climate change putting the basic needs of water, air and food at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norrice M Liu
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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233
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Abstract
Over recent years, many environmental pollutant chemicals have been shown to possess the ability to interfere in the functioning of the endocrine system and have been termed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These compounds exist in air as volatile or semi-volatile compounds in the gas phase or attached to particulate matter. They include components of plastics (phthalates, bisphenol A), components of consumer goods (parabens, triclosan, alkylphenols, fragrance compounds, organobromine flame retardants, fluorosurfactants), industrial chemicals (polychlorinated biphenyls), products of combustion (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans, polyaromatic hydrocarbons), pesticides, herbicides, and some metals. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the sources of EDCs in air, measurements of levels of EDCs in air, and the potential for adverse effects of EDCs in air on human endocrine health.
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234
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Plusquin M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Ghantous A, Alfano R, Bustamante M, Chatzi L, Cuenin C, Gulliver J, Herceg Z, Kogevinas M, Nawrot TS, Pizzi C, Porta D, Relton CL, Richiardi L, Robinson O, Sunyer J, Vermeulen R, Vriens A, Vrijheid M, Henderson J, Vineis P. DNA Methylome Marks of Exposure to Particulate Matter at Three Time Points in Early Life. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5427-5437. [PMID: 29597345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been associated with restricted fetal growth and reduced birthweight. Here, we performed methylome-wide analyses of cord and children's blood DNA in relation to residential exposure to PM smaller than 10 μm (PM10). This study included participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC, cord blood, n = 780; blood at age 7, n = 757 and age 15-17, n = 850) and the EXPOsOMICS birth cohort consortium including cord blood from ENVIR ONAGE ( n = 197), INMA ( n = 84), Piccolipiù ( n = 99) and Rhea ( n = 75). We could not identify significant CpG sites, by meta-analyzing associations between maternal PM10 exposure during pregnancy and DNA methylation in cord blood, nor by studying DNA methylation and concordant annual exposure at 7 and 15-17 years. The CpG cg21785536 was inversely associated with PM10 exposure using a longitudinal model integrating the three studied age groups (-1.2% per 10 μg/m3; raw p-value = 3.82 × 10-8). Pathway analyses on the corresponding genes of the 100 strongest associated CpG sites of the longitudinal model revealed enriched pathways relating to the GABAergic synapse, p53 signaling and NOTCH1. We provided evidence that residential PM10 exposure in early life affects methylation of the CpG cg21785536 located on the EGF Domain Specific O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Akram Ghantous
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert-Thomas , 69008 Lyon , France
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona , Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Catalonia , Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90007 , United States
- Department of Social Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion, Crete , Greece
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert-Thomas , 69008 Lyon , France
| | - John Gulliver
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert-Thomas , 69008 Lyon , France
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Catalonia , Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
- Environment & Health Unit Leuven University , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences , University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte , Torino , Italy
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology of the Lazio Regional Health Service , Rome , Italy
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School , University of Bristol , Bristol , U.K
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences , University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte , Torino , Italy
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , Barcelona , Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Annette Vriens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Catalonia , Spain
| | - John Henderson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School , University of Bristol , Bristol , U.K
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Centre for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
- IIGM, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine , Turin , Italy
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235
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Warren JL, Son JY, Pereira G, Leaderer BP, Bell ML. Investigating the Impact of Maternal Residential Mobility on Identifying Critical Windows of Susceptibility to Ambient Air Pollution During Pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:992-1000. [PMID: 29053768 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying periods of increased vulnerability to air pollution during pregnancy with respect to the development of adverse birth outcomes can improve understanding of possible mechanisms of disease development and provide guidelines for protection of the child. Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is typically based on the mother's residence at delivery, potentially resulting in exposure misclassification and biasing the estimation of critical windows of pregnancy. In this study, we determined the impact of maternal residential mobility during pregnancy on defining weekly exposure to particulate matter less than or equal to 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and estimating windows of susceptibility to term low birth weight. We utilized data sets from 4 Connecticut birth cohorts (1988-2008) that included information on all residential addresses between conception and delivery for each woman. We designed a simulation study to investigate the impact of increasing levels of mobility on identification of critical windows. Increased PM10 exposure during pregnancy weeks 16-18 was associated with an increased probability of term low birth weight. Ignoring residential mobility when defining weekly exposure had only a minor impact on the identification of critical windows for PM10 and term low birth weight in the data application and simulation study. Identification of critical pregnancy windows was robust to exposure misclassification caused by ignoring residential mobility in these Connecticut birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ji-Young Son
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brian P Leaderer
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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236
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Chen G, Guo Y, Abramson MJ, Williams G, Li S. Exposure to low concentrations of air pollutants and adverse birth outcomes in Brisbane, Australia, 2003-2013. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:721-726. [PMID: 29223898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It's unclear whether exposures to low-level air pollution have adverse effects on birth outcomes, and which trimester-specific pregnant exposure is sensitive. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of maternal exposure during each trimester and the whole pregnancy to particles with aerodynamic diameter<2.5μm (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) on preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). METHODS Daily data on birth records, air quality, and weather conditions were collected in Brisbane, Australia during 2003-2013. Mean concentrations of air pollutants were calculated for each trimester of pregnancy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between air pollution and birth outcomes. Multi-pollutant models and stratified analyses by ambient temperature were performed. RESULTS Exposures to PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 during the whole pregnancy were associated with increased risk of PTB [IQR HRs (hazard ratios with an interquartile range increase in air pollutants) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.05 (1.02, 1.08), 1.12 (1.09, 1.16), 1.07 (1.01, 1.13), and 1.13 (1.10, 1.16), respectively] and LBW [IQR HRs and 95% CIs: 1.06 (1.02, 1.10), 1.12 (1.08, 1.16), 1.11 (1.03, 1.18), and 1.13 (1.09, 1.17), respectively]. Highest HRs were observed during trimester 3, and lowest in trimester 1. For each air pollutant, stronger effects on PTB and LBW were present for exposure to low and moderate temperatures than exposure to high ambient temperature. CONCLUSIONS Exposures to low-level air pollutants are related to adverse birth outcomes. More effective policies for air quality control could contribute to improving neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongbo Chen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gail Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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237
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Ghosh RE, Berild JD, Sterrantino AF, Toledano MB, Hansell AL. Birth weight trends in England and Wales (1986-2012): babies are getting heavier. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018; 103:F264-F270. [PMID: 28780501 PMCID: PMC5916100 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Birth weight is a strong predictor of infant mortality, morbidity and later disease risk. Previous work from the 1980s indicated a shift in the UK towards heavier births; this descriptive analysis looks at more recent trends. METHODS Office for National Statistics (ONS) registration data on 17.2 million live, single births from 1986 to 2012 were investigated for temporal trends in mean birth weight, potential years of birth weight change and changes in the proportions of very low (<1500 g), low (<2500 g) and high (≥4000 g) birth weight. Analysis used multiple linear and logistic regression adjusted for maternal age, marital status, area-level deprivation and ethnicity. Additional analyses used the ONS NHS Numbers for Babies data set for 2006-2012, which has information on individual ethnicity and gestational age. RESULTS Over 27 years there was an increase in birth weight of 43 g (95% CI 42 to 44) in females and 44 g (95% CI 43 to 45) in males, driven by birth weight increases between 1986-1990 and 2007-2012. There was a concurrent decreased risk of having low birth weight but an 8% increased risk in males and 10% increased risk in females of having high birth weight. For 2006-2012 the birth weight increase was greater in preterm as compared with term births. CONCLUSIONS Since 1986 the birth weight distribution of live, single births in England and Wales has shifted towards heavier births, partly explained by increases in maternal age and non-white ethnicity, as well as changes in deprivation levels. Other potential influences include increases in maternal obesity and reductions in smoking prevalence particularly following the introduction of legislation restricting smoking in public places in 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Elisabeth Ghosh
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jacob Dag Berild
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Freni Sterrantino
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna L Hansell
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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238
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Hu CY, Li FL, Hua XG, Jiang W, Mao C, Zhang XJ. The association between prenatal bisphenol A exposure and birth weight: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 79:21-31. [PMID: 29709518 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between prenatal BPA exposure and birth weight is controversial. Here, a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between prenatal BPA exposure and birth weight. We searched literature addressing the association of interest in relevant databases. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using partial regression coefficient (β) and/or odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We identified 140 references and included 8 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the association between prenatal BPA exposure and continuous birth weight was estimated to be 4.42 g (95% CI: -8.83 to 17.67 g) when comparing the highest vs. the lowest BPA concentration. Findings from this study indicated that prenatal BPA exposure was not statistically associated with continuous birth weight. However, more evidence, based on large prospective cohort studies, is required to provide conclusive evidence on whether or not prenatal BPA exposure is associated with birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Li Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Guo Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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239
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Rafenberg C, Annesi-Maesano I. [Cost of hypertrophy due to intrauterine growth restriction attributable to air pollution in France]. Arch Pediatr 2018; 25:256-262. [PMID: 29680191 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of pregnant women to fine particulate matter<2.5μm in diameter (PM2.5) is responsible for low birthweight (LBW) and intellectual disabilities, as expressed by a lower intelligence quotient (IQ). We estimated the attributable cost due to PM2.5 of healthcare at birth and cognitive retardation of children with LBW in metropolitan France in 2012. The cost of specific care of the 8300 (range, 3100-13,300) children born every year in France with a LBW attributable to PM2.5 exposure is estimated at €25 million (range, € 9.5-39 million). Among these 8300 children, 1880 will present an intelligence quotient (IQ) lower than the average of the general population. The annual cost of the care of these intellectual deficiencies attributable to PM2.5 is estimated at €15 million and that of the mental handicap on the lifespan of the LBW children born in 2012 attributable to PM2.5 is estimated at €1.2 billion (range, €458 million to €1.9 billion). Beyond the elevated costs borne by future generations and the intellectual impoverishment of our society, it is essential to provide continued minimal monitoring of pregnant women exposed to air pollution. For the decision-makers, it is urgent to take effective measures and actions to protect the health of exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rafenberg
- Équipe d'épidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires (EPAR), Inserm, Sorbonne université, institut Pierre-Louis d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, faculté de médecine Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris, France.
| | - I Annesi-Maesano
- Équipe d'épidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires (EPAR), Inserm, Sorbonne université, institut Pierre-Louis d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, faculté de médecine Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris, France
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240
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A Review of Airborne Particulate Matter Effects on Young Children’s Respiratory Symptoms and Diseases. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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241
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Lamichhane DK, Ryu J, Leem JH, Ha M, Hong YC, Park H, Kim Y, Jung DY, Lee JY, Kim HC, Ha EH. Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and ultrasound and birth measures of fetal growth: A prospective cohort study in Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:834-841. [PMID: 29734629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of air pollution on fetal growth based on ultrasound measures during pregnancy. More data is needed to evaluate the windows of special vulnerability. Our aim was to investigate the association of ambient air pollution during pregnancy with fetal and neonatal characteristics in a cohort of Korean women. Maternal exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter<10μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated using land-use regression models based on residential address. The biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated via ultrasonography, and birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), and head circumference at birth (BHC) were obtained from medical records. The multiple linear regression model was used to adjust for confounders, and the mixed-effect model was used to evaluate longitudinal effect. The negative effects for NO2 and PM10 were estimated; in the adjusted analyses the decreases of BPD were -0.26mm (95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.41 to -0.11, with a 10μg/m3 increase) in the second trimester for NO2, and -0.30mm (95% CI=-0.59 to -0.03, with a 10μg/m3 increase) in the third trimester for PM10. Both NO2 and PM10 levels (10μg/m3) during third trimester were inversely associated with BHC, and NO2 level was inversely associated with BL in all exposure windows. No significant associations for AC, FL, and EFW were observed. The longitudinal analyses showed inverse association of NO2 exposure with head and length growth (P<0.001). Our findings suggest that ambient air pollution is associated with impaired fetal head size from mid-gestation onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirga Kumar Lamichhane
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia Ryu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Young Jung
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Human Health Information, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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242
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Kadawathagedara M, Botton J, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Meltzer HM, Alexander J, Brantsaeter AL, Haugen M, Papadopoulou E. Dietary acrylamide intake during pregnancy and postnatal growth and obesity: Results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 113:325-334. [PMID: 29398013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal acrylamide exposure has been negatively associated with fetal growth but the association with child growth is unknown. OBJECTIVES We studied the association between prenatal acrylamide exposure and child postnatal growth up to 8 years in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). METHODS In 51,952 mother-child pairs from MoBa, acrylamide intake during pregnancy was estimated by combining maternal food intake with food concentrations of acrylamide. Mothers reported their child's weight and length/height up to 11 times between 6 weeks and 8 years. Weight and height growth trajectories were modelled using Jenss-Bayley's growth model. Logistic regression models were used to study the association with overweight/obese status at 3, 5 and 8 years, as identified using the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. Linear mixed-effect models were used to explore associations with overall growth. RESULTS At 3 years, the adjusted odds ratios (95% Confidence Intervals (CI)) of being overweight/obese were 1.10 (1.02, 1.20), 1.12 (1.04, 1.22) and 1.21 (1.11, 1.31) by increasing prenatal acrylamide exposure quartile. Similar dose-response associations were found at 5 and 8 years. Acrylamide intake during pregnancy was associated with higher weight growth velocity in childhood. Children exposed at the highest level had 22 g (95% CI: 8, 37), 57 g (95% CI: 32, 81), and 194 g (95% CI: 110, 278) higher weight at 0.5, 2, and 8 years, respectively, compared to their low exposed peers. CONCLUSIONS Children prenatally exposed to acrylamide in the highest quartile experienced a moderate increase in weight growth velocity during early childhood that resulted in a moderately increased prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to peers in the lowest quartile. Our study is the first to link prenatal acrylamide exposure and postnatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Kadawathagedara
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early determinants of the child's health and development Team (ORCHAD), Paris F-75014, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
| | - Jérémie Botton
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early determinants of the child's health and development Team (ORCHAD), Paris F-75014, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early determinants of the child's health and development Team (ORCHAD), Paris F-75014, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Anne Lise Brantsaeter
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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243
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Rajper SA, Ullah S, Li Z. Exposure to air pollution and self-reported effects on Chinese students: A case study of 13 megacities. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194364. [PMID: 29547657 PMCID: PMC5856349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution causes severe physical and psychological health complications. Considering China's continuously-deteriorating air quality, this study aimed to assess the self-reported effects of air pollution on the behavior and physical health of the students of 13 densely populated cities, and their awareness, practices, and perception of air pollution and its associated public health risks. A detailed, closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 2100 students from 54 universities and schools across China. The questionnaire, which had 24 questions, was categorized into four sections. The first two sections were focused on air pollution-associated behavior and psychology, and physical effects; while the final two sections focused on the subjects' awareness and perceptions, and practices and concerns about air pollution. The respondents reported that long-term exposure to air pollution had significantly affected their psychology and behavior, as well as their physical health. The respondents were aware of the different adverse impacts of air pollution (respiratory infections, allergies, and cardiovascular problems), and hence had adopted different preventive measures, such as the use of respiratory masks and glasses or goggles, regularly drinking water, and consuming rich foods. It was concluded that air pollution and haze had negative physical and psychological effects on the respondents, which led to severe changes in behavior. Proper management, future planning, and implementing strict environmental laws are suggested before this problem worsens and becomes life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Tsamou M, Vrijens K, Madhloum N, Lefebvre W, Vanpoucke C, Nawrot TS. Air pollution-induced placental epigenetic alterations in early life: a candidate miRNA approach. Epigenetics 2018; 13:135-146. [PMID: 27104955 PMCID: PMC5873362 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1155012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure during in utero life may entail adverse health outcomes in later-life. Air pollution's adverse effects are known to alter gene expression profiles, which can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). We investigate the potential influence of air pollution exposure in prenatal life on placental miRNA expression. Within the framework of the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, we measured the expression of six candidate miRNAs in placental tissue from 210 mother-newborn pairs by qRT-PCR. Trimester-specific PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated for each mother's home address using a spatiotemporal model. Multiple regression models were used to study miRNA expression and in utero exposure to PM2.5 over various time windows during pregnancy. The placental expression of miR-21 (−33.7%, 95% CI: −53.2 to −6.2, P = 0.022), miR-146a (−30.9%, 95% CI: −48.0 to −8.1, P = 0.012) and miR-222 (−25.4%, 95% CI: −43.0 to −2.4, P = 0.034) was inversely associated with PM2.5 exposure during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, while placental expression of miR-20a and miR-21 was positively associated with 1st trimester exposure. Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was identified as a common target of the miRNAs significantly associated with PM exposure. Placental PTEN expression was strongly and positively associated (+59.6% per 5 µg/m³ increment, 95% CI: 26.9 to 100.7, P < 0.0001) with 3rd trimester PM2.5 exposure. Further research is required to establish the role these early miRNA and mRNA expression changes might play in PM-induced health effects. We provide molecular evidence showing that in utero PM2.5 exposure affects miRNAs expression as well as its downstream target PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Narjes Madhloum
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- b Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) , Mol , Belgium
| | | | - Tim S Nawrot
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium.,d Department of Public Health, Environment & Health Unit , Leuven University , Leuven , Belgium
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Robinson O, Keski-Rahkonen P, Chatzi L, Kogevinas M, Nawrot T, Pizzi C, Plusquin M, Richiardi L, Robinot N, Sunyer J, Vermeulen R, Vrijheid M, Vineis P, Scalbert A, Chadeau-Hyam M. Cord Blood Metabolic Signatures of Birth Weight: A Population-Based Study. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1235-1247. [PMID: 29401400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Birth weight is an important indicator of maternal and fetal health and a predictor of health in later life. However, the determinants of variance in birth weight are still poorly understood. We aimed to identify the biological pathways, which may be perturbed by environmental exposures, that are important in determining birth weight. We applied untargeted mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics to 481 cord blood samples collected at delivery in four birth cohorts from across Europe: ENVIRONAGE (Belgium), INMA (Spain), Piccolipiu (Italy), and Rhea (Greece). We performed a metabolome-wide association scan for birth weight on over 4000 metabolic features, controlling the false discovery rate at 5%. Annotation of compounds was conducted through reference to authentic standards. We identified 68 metabolites significantly associated with birth weight, including vitamin A, progesterone, docosahexaenoic acid, indolelactic acid, and multiple acylcarnitines and phosphatidylcholines. We observed enrichment (p < 0.05) of the tryptophan metabolism, prostaglandin formation, C21-steroid hormone signaling, carnitine shuttle, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Vitamin A was associated with both maternal smoking and birth weight, suggesting a mediation pathway. Our findings shed new light on the pathways central to fetal growth and will have implications for antenatal and perinatal care and potentially for health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Robinson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete , Voutes University Campus, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of South California , Soto Street Building 2001 N Soto Street, Suite 201-D, Los Angeles, California 90032-3628, United States
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Plaça de la Mercè, 10, Barcelona 08002, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University , Oude Markt 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte , C.So, Dogliotti, 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University , Oude Markt 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte , C.So, Dogliotti, 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Plaça de la Mercè, 10, Barcelona 08002, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht University , POB 80178, Utrecht NL-3508, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Plaça de la Mercè, 10, Barcelona 08002, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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246
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Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang P, Hao Y, Yu S, Min L, Li L, Ma D, Chen L, Yi B, Tang X, Meng Q, Liu L, Wang S, Shen W, Zhang H. Decrease in male mouse fertility by hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonia can Be inheritable. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:147-157. [PMID: 29202267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies suggest that air pollutants cause a decline in the quality of human spermatozoa and thus a reduction in fertility. However, the exact cause of infertility remains unknown. Air pollution gases, such as NH3 and H2S are either free or bound to airborne particular materials (PM) and are abundant and reactive. The aim of this current investigation was to explore the impacts of NH3 and/or H2S on male fertility and the underlying mechanisms. Male mouse exposed to H2S and/or NH3 and after two generations were used to evaluate the impacts on fertility. The fertility, and spermatozoa quality parameters and proteins involved in spermatogenesis were investigated. Our current investigation demonstrates: i) H2S and/or NH3 decrease male fertility by 20-30%, reduce the spermatozoa concentration about 20-40%, decrease 10-20%, increase around 30%; ii) the reduction in male fertility by H2S and/or NH3 can be inheritable; iii) H2S and/or NH3 can diminish male fertility through the disruption of spermatogenesis without affecting other body parameters such as body weight and organ index. One component of air pollutants, for example NH3, does not have a severe impact; however, two or more pollutants such as H2S and NH3 combined can cause serious health problems, especially with regard to male fertility. We suggest that greater attention should be paid to these air pollutants to improve human health and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Shukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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247
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Abstract
Currently half the world population lives in cities, and this proportion is expected to increase rapidly to 70% over the next years. Over the years, we have created large, mostly grey cities with many high-rise buildings and little green space. Disease rates tend to be higher in urban areas than in rural areas. More green space in cities could reduce these rates. Here, we describe the importance of green space for health, and make recommendations for further research. Green space has been associated with many beneficial health effects, including reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and improved mental health, possibly through mediators, such as reduced air pollution, temperature and stress, and increased physical activity, social contacts, and restoration. Additional studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base and provide further guidelines to transport planners, urban planners, and landscape architects. We need more longitudinal studies and intervention studies, further understanding of the contribution of various mechanisms toward health, and more information on susceptible populations and on where, when, how much, and what type of green space is needed. Also needed are standardized methods for green space quality assessments and evaluations of effectiveness of green prescriptions in clinical practice. Many questions are ideally suited for environmental epidemiologists, who should work with other stakeholders to address the right questions and translate knowledge into action. In conclusion, a growing evidence base supports the hypothesis that greener cities are healthier cities.
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248
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Epidemiological studies of health effects of long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution rely on different exposure assessment methods. This review discusses widely used methods with a special focus on new developments. Recent Findings New data and study designs have been applied, including satellite measurements of fine particles and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The methods to apply satellite data for epidemiological studies are improving rapidly and have already contributed significantly to national-, continental- and global-scale models. Spatiotemporal models have been developed allowing more detailed temporal resolution compared to spatial models. The development of hybrid models combining dispersion models, satellite observations, land use and surface monitoring has improved models substantially. Mobile monitoring designs to develop models for long-term UFP exposure have been conducted. Summary Methods to assess long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution have improved significantly over the past decade. Application of satellite data and mobile monitoring designs is promising new methods.
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249
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Ward-Caviness CK, Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Wolf K, Wahl S, Colicino E, Trevisi L, Kloog I, Just AC, Vokonas P, Cyrys J, Gieger C, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA, Schneider A, Peters A. Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with biological aging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74510-74525. [PMID: 27793020 PMCID: PMC5342683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with age-related diseases. We explored the association between accelerated biological aging and air pollution, a potential mechanism linking air pollution and health. We estimated long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance/black carbon (BC), and NOx via land-use regression models in individuals from the KORA F4 cohort. Accelerated biological aging was assessed using telomere length (TeloAA) and three epigenetic measures: DNA methylation age acceleration (DNAmAA), extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (correlated with immune cell counts, EEAA), and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (independent of immune cell counts, IEAA). We also investigated sex-specific associations between air pollution and biological aging, given the published association between sex and aging measures. In KORA an interquartile range (0.97 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.33 y increase in EEAA (CI = 0.01, 0.64; P = 0.04). BC and NOx (indicators or traffic exposure) were associated with DNAmAA and IEAA in women, while TeloAA was inversely associated with BC in men. We replicated this inverse BC-TeloAA association in the Normative Aging Study, a male cohort based in the USA. A multiple phenotype analysis in KORA F4 combining all aging measures showed that BC and PM10 were broadly associated with biological aging in men. Thus, we conclude that long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with biological aging measures, potentially in a sex-specific manner. However, many of the associations were relatively weak and further replication of overall and sex-specific associations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Letizia Trevisi
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
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250
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Dastoorpoor M, Idani E, Goudarzi G, Khanjani N. Acute effects of air pollution on spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, and stillbirth in Ahvaz, Iran: a time-series study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5447-5458. [PMID: 29214476 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Living in areas with high air pollution may have adverse effects on human health. There are few studies about the association between breathing polluted air and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between air pollution and spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and stillbirth in Ahvaz. A time-series study was conducted. Data about spontaneous abortion, premature deliveries, and stillbirth was collected from Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital. Air pollution data including NO, CO, NO2, PM10, SO2, O3, and climate data were, respectively, collected from the Environmental Protection Agency and the Khuzestan Province Meteorology Office from March 2008 until March 2015. The relationship between air pollutants with the number of abortions, premature births, and stillbirths was found using a quasi-Poisson distributed lag model, adjusted by trend, seasonality, temperature, relative humidity, weekdays, and holidays. The average daily dust in Ahvaz on 7.2% days of the year was higher than 500 μg/m3 (very dangerous). Findings from this study indicate a significant association between each 10-unit increase in SO2 and spontaneous abortion in lag 0 and 9 days. There was a significant relation between each 10-unit increase in NO2 and CO, and premature birth in lag 0. Also, we found a significant association between each 10-unit increase in CO and premature delivery in lag 1; PM10 and premature delivery in lags 10, 11, and 12; and NO and premature delivery in lags 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, and 13 (p value < 0.05). Contact with polluted air during pregnancy may increase adverse pregnancy outcomes and stillbirth. Pregnant women should avoid polluted air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Idani
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran.
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