201
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Liu W, Li H, Cai PJ, Wang Z, Yu ZX, Lei X. Scalable Total Synthesis of rac
-Jungermannenones B and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3112-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Beijing 102206 China
| | - Houhua Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Beijing 102206 China
| | - Pei-Jun Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Beijing 102206 China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Beijing 102206 China
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202
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Liu W, Li H, Cai PJ, Wang Z, Yu ZX, Lei X. Scalable Total Synthesis of rac
-Jungermannenones B and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Beijing 102206 China
| | - Houhua Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Beijing 102206 China
| | - Pei-Jun Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Beijing 102206 China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Beijing 102206 China
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203
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Reyes JR, Rawal VH. Reductive Chlorination and Bromination of Ketones via Trityl Hydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius R. Reyes
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Chicago; 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Viresh H. Rawal
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Chicago; 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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204
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Reyes JR, Rawal VH. Reductive Chlorination and Bromination of Ketones via Trityl Hydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3077-80. [PMID: 26823122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A method is presented for the direct transformation of a ketone to the corresponding reduced alkyl chloride or bromide. The process involves the reaction of a ketone trityl hydrazone with tBuOCl to give a diazene which readily collapses to the α-chlorocarbinyl radical, reduction of which by a hydrogen atom source gives the alkyl chloride product. The use of N-bromosuccinimide provides the corresponding alkyl bromide. This unique transformation provides a reductive halogenation that complements Barton's redox-neutral vinyl halide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius R Reyes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Viresh H Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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205
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Hoffmann RW. Markovnikov free radical addition reactions, a sleeping beauty kissed to life. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:577-83. [PMID: 26753913 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00423c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers free radical additions, which are initiated by the formal addition of a hydrogen atom to a C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond. These reactions originated in the realms of inorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and organic chemistry, whereby barriers between these disciplines impeded the rapid implementation of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard W Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans Meerweinstr.4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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206
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Mao ZY, Geng H, Zhang TT, Ruan YP, Ye JL, Huang PQ. Stereodivergent and enantioselective total syntheses of isochaetominines A–C and four pairs of isochaetominine C enantiomers: a six-step approach. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00298b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first total syntheses of (−)-isochaetominines A–C and eight 2,3-cis-stereoisomers of isochaetominine C, and structural revisions of (−)-pseudofischerine and (−)-aniquinazoline D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yi Mao
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Yuan-Ping Ruan
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jian-Liang Ye
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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207
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Zheng J, Qi J, Cui S. Fe-Catalyzed Olefin Hydroamination with Diazo Compounds for Hydrazone Synthesis. Org Lett 2015; 18:128-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Institute of Drug Discovery
and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jifeng Qi
- Institute of Drug Discovery
and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery
and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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208
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George DT, Kuenstner EJ, Pronin SV. A Concise Approach to Paxilline Indole Diterpenes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15410-3. [PMID: 26593869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach to paxilline indole diterpenes is described. The route to the pentacyclic core relies on a new regioselective alkenylation of ketones and a tandem radical addition-aldol reaction sequence to access vicinal quaternary stereocenters. Emindole SB, the simplest member of the family, is synthesized in 11 steps from commercially available material to demonstrate the application of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T George
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Eric J Kuenstner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey V Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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209
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Shigehisa H, Kikuchi H, Suzuki T, Hiroya K. The Revised Structure of Trichodermatide A. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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210
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Sears JE, Barker TJ, Boger DL. Total Synthesis of (-)-Vindoline and (+)-4-epi-Vindoline Based on a 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Tandem Intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Cascade Initiated by an Allene Dienophile. Org Lett 2015; 17:5460-3. [PMID: 26457536 PMCID: PMC4636949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that an allene dienophile can initiate a tandem intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, that the intermediate cross-conjugated 1,3-dipole (a carbonyl ylide) can participate in an ensuing [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition in a remarkably effective manner, and that the reaction can be implemented to provide the core pentacyclic ring system of vindoline. Its discovery improves a previous total synthesis of (-)-vindoline and was used in a total synthesis of (+)-4-epi-vindoline and (+)-4-epi-vinblastine that additionally enlists an alternative series of late-stage transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Sears
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Timothy J. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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211
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Ma X, Herzon SB. Non-classical selectivities in the reduction of alkenes by cobalt-mediated hydrogen atom transfer. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6250-6255. [PMID: 30090243 PMCID: PMC6054054 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical methods for alkene hydrogenation typically reduce less-substituted or more-strained alkenes, or those in proximity to a directing group, most rapidly. Here we describe a cobalt-mediated hydrogenation protocol that provides complementary selectivities in the reduction of several classes of olefins and alkynes. The selectivity of this reduction derives from a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism, which favors the generation of the more stable alkylradical intermediate. We also report the first alkene hydrobromination, hydroiodination, and hydroselenylation by a hydrogen atom transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , USA .
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , USA .
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212
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Bosch C, Fiser B, Gómez-Bengoa E, Bradshaw B, Bonjoch J. Approach to cis-Phlegmarine Alkaloids via Stereodivergent Reduction: Total Synthesis of (+)-Serratezomine E and Putative Structure of (-)-Huperzine N. Org Lett 2015; 17:5084-7. [PMID: 26406568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy for the synthesis of the cis-phlegmarine group of alkaloids is presented, leading to the first synthesis of serratezomine E (1) as well as the putative structure of huperzine N (2). A contrasteric hydrogenation method was developed based on the use of Wilkinson's catalyst, which allowed the facial selectivity of standard hydrogenation to be completely overturned. Calculations were performed to determine the mechanism, and structures for huperzines M and N are reassigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bosch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Béla Fiser
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco , Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco , Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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213
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Schnermann MJ, Shenvi RA. Syntheses and biological studies of marine terpenoids derived from inorganic cyanide. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:543-77. [PMID: 25514696 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Isocyanoterpenes (ICTs) are marine natural products biosynthesized through an unusual pathway that adorns terpene scaffolds with nitrogenous functionality derived from cyanide. The appendage of nitrogen functional groups - isonitriles in particular - onto stereochemically-rich carbocyclic ring systems provides enigmatic, bioactive molecules that have required innovative chemical syntheses. This review discusses the challenges inherent to the synthesis of this diverse family and details the development of the field. We also present recent progress in isolation and discuss key aspects of the remarkable biological activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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214
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Wei Y, Rao B, Cong X, Zeng X. Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones and Phenols Enabled by Cyclic (Amino)(alkyl)carbene Rhodium Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9250-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Center
for Organic Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Bin Rao
- Center
for Organic Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Center
for Organic Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Center
for Organic Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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215
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Crossley SWM, Shenvi RA. A Longitudinal Study of Alkaloid Synthesis Reveals Functional Group Interconversions as Bad Actors. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9465-531. [PMID: 26158529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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216
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Foreman WT, Rose DL, Chambers DB, Crain AS, Murtagh LK, Thakellapalli H, Wang KK. Determination of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol isomers by heated purge-and-trap GC/MS in water samples from the 2014 Elk River, West Virginia, chemical spill. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 131:217-24. [PMID: 25542639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A heated purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was used to determine the cis- and trans-isomers of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (4-MCHM), the reported major component of the Crude MCHM/Dowanol™ PPh glycol ether material spilled into the Elk River upriver from Charleston, West Virginia, on January 9, 2014. The trans-isomer eluted first and method detection limits were 0.16-μg L(-1)trans-, 0.28-μg L(-1)cis-, and 0.4-μg L(-1) Total (total response of isomers) 4-MCHM. Estimated concentrations in the spill source material were 491-g L(-1)trans- and 277-g L(-1)cis-4-MCHM, the sum constituting 84% of the source material assuming its density equaled 4-MCHM. Elk River samples collected⩽3.2 km downriver from the spill on January 15 had low (⩽2.9 μg L(-1) Total) 4-MCHM concentrations, whereas the isomers were not detected in samples collected 2 d earlier at the same sites. Similar 4-MCHM concentrations (range 4.2-5.5 μg L(-1) Total) occurred for samples of the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky, on January 17, ∼630 km downriver from the spill. Total 4-MCHM concentrations in Charleston, WV, office tap water decreased from 129 μg L(-1) on January 27 to 2.2 μg L(-1) on February 3, but remained detectable in tap samples through final collection on February 25 indicating some persistence of 4-MCHM within the water distribution system. One isomer of methyl 4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate was detected in all Ohio River and tap water samples, and both isomers were detected in the source material spilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Foreman
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, PO Box 25585, Denver, CO 80225, USA.
| | - Donna L Rose
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, PO Box 25585, Denver, CO 80225, USA.
| | - Douglas B Chambers
- U.S. Geological Survey, 1027 Virginia Street, Charleston, WV 25301, USA.
| | - Angela S Crain
- U.S. Geological Survey, 9818 Bluegrass Parkway, Louisville, KY 40299, USA.
| | - Lucinda K Murtagh
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, PO Box 25585, Denver, CO 80225, USA.
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Kung K Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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217
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Abstract
![]()
A solution
to the classic unsolved problem of olefin hydromethylation
is presented. This highly chemoselective method can tolerate labile
and reactive chemical functionalities and uses a simple set of reagents.
An array of olefins, including mono-, di-, and trisubstituted olefins,
are all smoothly hydromethylated. This mild protocol can be used to
simplify the synthesis of a specific target or to directly “edit”
complex natural products and other advanced materials. The method
is also amenable to the simple installation of radioactive and stable
labeled methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai T Dao
- †Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chao Li
- †Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Quentin Michaudel
- †Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Brad D Maxwell
- ‡Discovery Chemistry Platforms-Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- †Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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218
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Mukai C, Ueda M, Takahashi Y, Inagaki F. Concise Construction of Bicyclo[6.4.0] and -[7.4.0] Frameworks by [4+2] Cycloaddition of 3,4-Dimethylene-2,5-bis(phenylsulfonyl)cycloalk-1-enes. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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219
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Gui J, Pan CM, Jin Y, Qin T, Lo JC, Lee BJ, Spergel SH, Mertzman ME, Pitts WJ, La Cruz TE, Schmidt MA, Darvatkar N, Natarajan SR, Baran PS. Practical olefin hydroamination with nitroarenes. Science 2015; 348:886-91. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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220
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Sears JE, Boger DL. Total synthesis of vinblastine, related natural products, and key analogues and development of inspired methodology suitable for the systematic study of their structure-function properties. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:653-62. [PMID: 25586069 PMCID: PMC4363169 DOI: 10.1021/ar500400w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active natural products composed of fascinatingly complex structures are often regarded as not amenable to traditional systematic structure-function studies enlisted in medicinal chemistry for the optimization of their properties beyond what might be accomplished by semisynthetic modification. Herein, we summarize our recent studies on the Vinca alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, often considered as prototypical members of such natural products, that not only inspired the development of powerful new synthetic methodology designed to expedite their total synthesis but have subsequently led to the discovery of several distinct classes of new, more potent, and previously inaccessible analogues. With use of the newly developed methodology and in addition to ongoing efforts to systematically define the importance of each embedded structural feature of vinblastine, two classes of analogues already have been discovered that enhance the potency of the natural products >10-fold. In one instance, remarkable progress has also been made on the refractory problem of reducing Pgp transport responsible for clinical resistance with a series of derivatives made accessible only using the newly developed synthetic methodology. Unlike the removal of vinblastine structural features or substituents, which typically has a detrimental impact, the additions of new structural features have been found that can enhance target tubulin binding affinity and functional activity while simultaneously disrupting Pgp binding, transport, and functional resistance. Already analogues are in hand that are deserving of full preclinical development, and it is a tribute to the advances in organic synthesis that they are readily accessible even on a natural product of a complexity once thought refractory to such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Sears
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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221
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Simonneau A, Oestreich M. Faszinierende Chemie des Wasserstoffatomtransfers auf Alkene inspiriert durch Probleme in Totalsynthesen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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222
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Simonneau A, Oestreich M. Fascinating hydrogen atom transfer chemistry of alkenes inspired by problems in total synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3556-8. [PMID: 25703197 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Simonneau
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Germany) http://www.organometallics.tu-berlin.de
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223
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Renata H, Zhou Q, Dünstl G, Felding J, Merchant RR, Yeh CH, Baran PS. Development of a concise synthesis of ouabagenin and hydroxylated corticosteroid analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1330-40. [PMID: 25594682 PMCID: PMC4353025 DOI: 10.1021/ja512022r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The natural product ouabagenin is a complex cardiotonic steroid with a highly oxygenated skeleton. This full account describes the development of a concise synthesis of ouabagenin, including the evolution of synthetic strategy to access hydroxylation at the C19 position of a steroid skeleton. In addition, approaches to install the requisite butenolide moiety at the C17 position are discussed. Lastly, methodology developed in this synthesis has been applied in the generation of novel analogues of corticosteroid drugs bearing a hydroxyl group at the C19 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Renata
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Georg Dünstl
- Front
End Innovation, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jakob Felding
- Front
End Innovation, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Rohan R. Merchant
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chien-Hung Yeh
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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224
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Kuo JL, Hartung J, Han A, Norton JR. Direct generation of oxygen-stabilized radicals by H• transfer from transition metal hydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1036-9. [PMID: 25569214 DOI: 10.1021/ja511883b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal hydrides generate α-alkoxy radicals by H• transfer to enol ethers. We have measured the rate constant for transfer from CpCr(CO)3H to n-butyl vinyl ether and have examined the chemistry of radicals generated by such transfers. Radicals from appropriate substrates undergo 5-exo cyclization, with higher diastereoselectivity than the analogous all-carbon radicals. From such radicals it is straightforward to make substituted tetrahydrofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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225
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Salamone M, Mangiacapra L, Bietti M. Kinetic Solvent Effects on the Reactions of the Cumyloxyl Radical with Tertiary Amides. Control over the Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactivity and Selectivity through Solvent Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1149-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5026767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e
Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Mangiacapra
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e
Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e
Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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226
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Vaquer AF, Frongia A, Secci F, Tuveri E. Disulfide-based metal-free α-sulfanylation of ketones. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17913k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly methodology for the direct α-sulfanylation of ketones has been developed by using diaryl disulfides as sulfanyl source affording ketosulfides in good to excellent yields and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. Vaquer
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario di Monserrato
- Monserrato
- ITALY
| | - Angelo Frongia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario di Monserrato
- Monserrato
- ITALY
| | - Francesco Secci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario di Monserrato
- Monserrato
- ITALY
| | - Enrica Tuveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario di Monserrato
- Monserrato
- ITALY
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227
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Iwasaki M. Formation of Organic Radical Species Catalyzed by Transition-Metal Hydrides and Their Application to Organic Synthesis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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228
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Shigehisa H, Hiroya K. Markovnikov-selective Addition Reaction to Olefins Using Cobalt Complex. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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229
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Lo JC, Gui J, Yabe Y, Pan CM, Baran PS. Functionalized olefin cross-coupling to construct carbon-carbon bonds. Nature 2014; 516:343-8. [PMID: 25519131 PMCID: PMC4271735 DOI: 10.1038/nature14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds form the backbone of many important molecules, including polymers, dyes and pharmaceutical agents. The development of new methods to create these essential connections in a rapid and practical fashion has been the focus of numerous organic chemists. This endeavour relies heavily on the ability to form C-C bonds in the presence of sensitive functional groups and congested structural environments. Here we report a chemical transformation that allows the facile construction of highly substituted and uniquely functionalized C-C bonds. Using a simple iron catalyst, an inexpensive silane and a benign solvent under ambient atmosphere, heteroatom-substituted olefins are easily reacted with electron-deficient olefins to create molecular architectures that were previously difficult or impossible to access. More than 60 examples are presented with a wide array of substrates, demonstrating the chemoselectivity and mildness of this simple reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jinghan Gui
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yuki Yabe
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Chung-Mao Pan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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230
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Ruider SA, Sandmeier T, Carreira EM. Total synthesis of (±)-hippolachnin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:2378-82. [PMID: 25476132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the marine polyketide (±)-hippolachnin A has been achieved in nine linear steps and an overall yield of 9%. Rapid access to the oxacyclobutapentalene core structure was secured by strategic application of an ene cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Ruider
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland) http://www.carreira.ethz.ch
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231
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232
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Abstract
![]()
Catalytic amounts
of Co(SaltBu,tBu)Cl and
organosilane irreversibly isomerize terminal
alkenes by one position. The same catalysts effect cycloisomerization
of dienes and retrocycloisomerization of strained
rings. Strong Lewis bases like amines and imidazoles, and labile
functionalities like epoxides, are tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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233
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Shigehisa H, Koseki N, Shimizu N, Fujisawa M, Niitsu M, Hiroya K. Catalytic Hydroamination of Unactivated Olefins Using a Co Catalyst for Complex Molecule Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13534-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507295u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shigehisa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi
Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Natsumi Koseki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi
Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Nao Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi
Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Mayu Fujisawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi
Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Niitsu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi
Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kou Hiroya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi
Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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234
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Feng J, Garza VJ, Krische MJ. Redox-triggered C-C coupling of alcohols and vinyl epoxides: diastereo- and enantioselective formation of all-carbon quaternary centers via tert-(hydroxy)-prenylation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8911-4. [PMID: 24915473 PMCID: PMC4090370 DOI: 10.1021/ja504625m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Iridium catalyzed primary alcohol oxidation triggers reductive C-O bond cleavage of isoprene oxide to form aldehyde-allyliridium pairs that combine to form products of tert-(hydroxy)-prenylation, a motif found in >2000 terpenoid natural products. Curtin-Hammett effects are exploited to enforce high levels of anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity in the formation of an all-carbon quaternary center. The present redox-triggered carbonyl additions occur in the absence of stoichiometric byproducts, premetalated reagents, and discrete alcohol-to-aldehyde redox manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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235
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Milan M, Salamone M, Bietti M. Hydrogen Atom Transfer from 1,n-Alkanediamines to the Cumyloxyl Radical. Modulating C–H Deactivation Through Acid–Base Interactions and Solvent Effects. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5710-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5008493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Milan
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e
Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata″, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e
Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata″, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e
Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata″, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
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236
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King SM, Ma X, Herzon SB. A method for the selective hydrogenation of alkenyl halides to alkyl halides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6884-7. [PMID: 24824195 DOI: 10.1021/ja502885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A general method for the selective hydrogenation of alkenyl halides to alkyl halides is described. Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, and gem-dihaloalkenes are viable substrates for the transformation. The selectivity of the hydrogenation is consistent with reduction by a hydrogen atom transfer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M King
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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237
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Hu X, Maimone TJ. Four-step synthesis of the antimalarial cardamom peroxide via an oxygen stitching strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5287-90. [PMID: 24673099 PMCID: PMC4353017 DOI: 10.1021/ja502208z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A four-step synthesis of the antimalarial terpene cardamom peroxide, a 1,2-dioxepane-containing natural product, is reported from (-)-myrtenal and molecular oxygen. This highly concise route was guided by biosynthetic logic and enabled by an unusual manganese-catalyzed, tandem hydroperoxidation reaction. The absolute configuration of the cardamom peroxide is reported, and its mode of fragmentation following Fe(II)-mediated endoperoxide reduction is established. These studies reveal the generation of reactive intermediates distinct from previously studied endoperoxide natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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