201
|
Narayan SP, Choi CHJ, Hao L, Calabrese CM, Auyeung E, Zhang C, Goor OJ, Mirkin CA. The Sequence-Specific Cellular Uptake of Spherical Nucleic Acid Nanoparticle Conjugates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4173-82. [PMID: 26097111 PMCID: PMC4560454 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The sequence-dependent cellular uptake of spherical nucleic acid nanoparticle conjugates (SNAs) is investigated. This process occurs by interaction with class A scavenger receptors (SR-A) and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. It is known that linear poly(guanine) (poly G) is a natural ligand for SR-A, and it has been proposed that interaction of poly G with SR-A is dependent on the formation of G-quadruplexes. Since G-rich oligonucleotides are known to interact strongly with SR-A, it is hypothesized that SNAs with higher G contents would be able to enter cells in larger amounts than SNAs composed of other nucleotides, and as such, cellular internalization of SNAs is measured as a function of constituent oligonucleotide sequence. Indeed, SNAs with enriched G content show the highest cellular uptake. Using this hypothesis, a small molecule (camptothecin) is chemically conjugated with SNAs to create drug-SNA conjugates and it is observed that poly G SNAs deliver the most camptothecin to cells and have the highest cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Our data elucidate important design considerations for enhancing the intracellular delivery of spherical nucleic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suguna P. Narayan
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chung Hang J. Choi
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Liangliang Hao
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Colin M. Calabrese
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evelyn Auyeung
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chuan Zhang
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Olga J.G.M. Goor
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Pang X, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu D, Zhang Y, Du B, Ma H, Wei Q. Label-Free Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensor for Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Based on Nanocomposites of GO/MWCNTs-COOH/Au@CeO₂. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19260-19267. [PMID: 26271682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-sensitivity electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was conducted to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Nanocomposites of graphene oxide/carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes/gold/cerium oxide nanoparticles (GO/MWCNTs-COOH/Au@CeO2) were used as antibody carriers and sensing platforms to modify on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). CeO2 nanoparticles were first exploited as an ECL luminescent material and the possible ECL mechanism was proposed in this work. GO/MWCNTs-COOH was used as a loading matrix for CeO2 nanoparticles because of the superior conductivity and large specific surface area. Au nanoparticles were further deposited on this matrix to attach anti-CEA and enhance the sensitivity of immunosensor. The proposed sensing platform showed excellent cathodic ECL performance and sensitive response to CEA. The effects of experimental conditions on the ECL performance were investigated. The proposed immunosensor showed the broad linear range (0.05-100 ng/mL) and the low detection limit (LOD, 0.02 ng/mL, signal-to-noise ratio = 3) according to the selected experimental conditions. The excellent analysis performance for determination of CEA in the human serum samples simplied this immunosensor displayed high sensitivity and excellent repeatability. More importantly, this conducted immunosensor broadens the use scope of CeO2 nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Pang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yongbei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Bin Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Dai Z, Tam DY, Xu H, Chan MS, Liu LS, Bolze F, Sun XH, Lo PK. Conformational Change of Self-Assembled DNA Nanotubes Induced by Two-Photon Excitation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4090-6. [PMID: 26011412 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon-regulated, shape-changing DNA nanostructures are demonstrated by integrating a DNA nanotube with a two-photon photocleavable module that enables the opening of the cavities of tube, and becomes partially single-stranded in response to two-photon excitation under 800 nm fs laser pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Dai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Dick Yan Tam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hailiang Xu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miu Shan Chan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ling Sum Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application des Molécules Bioactives, UMR Université of Strasbourg-CNRS 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiao Hua Sun
- School of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Shiling Town, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Fluorescence imaging for in situ detection of cell surface sialic acid by competitive binding of 3-(dansylamino)phenylboronic acid. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 894:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
205
|
Chinen AB, Guan CM, Ferrer JR, Barnaby SN, Merkel TJ, Mirkin CA. Nanoparticle Probes for the Detection of Cancer Biomarkers, Cells, and Tissues by Fluorescence. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10530-74. [PMID: 26313138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B Chinen
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Interdepartmental Biological Sciences, and ∥International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chenxia M Guan
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Interdepartmental Biological Sciences, and ∥International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jennifer R Ferrer
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Interdepartmental Biological Sciences, and ∥International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stacey N Barnaby
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Interdepartmental Biological Sciences, and ∥International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Timothy J Merkel
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Interdepartmental Biological Sciences, and ∥International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Interdepartmental Biological Sciences, and ∥International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Song L, Guo Y, Roebuck D, Chen C, Yang M, Yang Z, Sreedharan S, Glover C, Thomas JA, Liu D, Guo S, Chen R, Zhou D. Terminal PEGylated DNA-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates Offering High Resistance to Nuclease Degradation and Efficient Intracellular Delivery of DNA Binding Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18707-16. [PMID: 26237203 PMCID: PMC4554298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, polyvalent DNA-gold nanoparticle (DNA-GNP) conjugate has been demonstrated as an efficient, universal nanocarrier for drug and gene delivery with high uptake by over 50 different types of primary and cancer cell lines. A barrier limiting its in vivo effectiveness is limited resistance to nuclease degradation and nonspecific interaction with blood serum contents. Herein we show that terminal PEGylation of the complementary DNA strand hybridized to a polyvalent DNA-GNP conjugate can eliminate nonspecific adsorption of serum proteins and greatly increases its resistance against DNase I-based degradation. The PEGylated DNA-GNP conjugate still retains a high cell uptake property, making it an attractive intracellular delivery nanocarrier for DNA binding reagents. We show that it can be used for successful intracellular delivery of doxorubicin, a widely used clinical cancer chemotherapeutic drug. Moreover, it can be used for efficient delivery of some cell-membrane-impermeable reagents such as propidium iodide (a DNA intercalating fluorescent dye currently limited to the use of staining dead cells only) and a diruthenium complex (a DNA groove binder), for successful staining of live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Structure for Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Yuan Guo
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Structure for Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Deborah Roebuck
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Chun Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Min Yang
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Zhongqiang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | | | - Caroline Glover
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Jim A. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Guo
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Structure for Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Dejian Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Structure for Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Huang J, Ying L, Yang X, Yang Y, Quan K, Wang H, Xie N, Ou M, Zhou Q, Wang K. Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensing of pH Values in Living Cells by Dual-Fluorophore-Labeled i-Motif Nanoprobes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8724-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nuli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Yin L, Yang Y, Wang S, Wang W, Zhang S, Tao N. Measuring Binding Kinetics of Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Intact Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3782-8. [PMID: 25865036 PMCID: PMC4552349 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-conjugated nanomaterials have attracted much attention because of their applications in nanomedicine and nanotheranostics, and amplification of detection signals. For many of these applications, the nanoconjugates must bind with a cell membrane receptor (antigen) specifically before entering the cells and reaching the final target, which is thus important but not well understood. Here, a plasmonic imaging study of the binding kinetics of antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles with antigen-expressing cells is presented, and the results are compared with that of the nanoparticle-free antibody. It is found that the nanoconjugates can significantly affect the binding kinetics compared with free antibody molecules, depending on the density of the antibody conjugated on the nanoparticles, and expressing level of the antigen on the cell membrane. The results are analyzed in terms of a transition from monovalent binding model to a bivalent binding model when the conjugation density and expressing level increase. These findings help optimize the design of functional nanomaterials for drug delivery and correct interpretation of data obtained with nanoparticle signal amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linliang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No.174, Shazheng St., Shapingba Dist., Chongqing 400044, China. 1001 S. McAllister Ave. Tempe, AZ 85287, United State
| | - Yunze Yang
- 1001 S. McAllister Ave. Tempe, AZ 85287, United State
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- 1001 S. McAllister Ave. Tempe, AZ 85287, United State
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Shengtao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No.174, Shazheng St., Shapingba Dist., Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Nongjian Tao
- 1001 S. McAllister Ave. Tempe, AZ 85287, United State. State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Singh I, Swami R, Pooja D, Jeengar MK, Khan W, Sistla R. Lactoferrin bioconjugated solid lipid nanoparticles: a new drug delivery system for potential brain targeting. J Drug Target 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1068320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Rajan Swami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Deep Pooja
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, and
| | - Manish Kumar Jeengar
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, and
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Rapid and ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of mercury(II) by chemically initiated aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
211
|
Hong BJ, Eryazici I, Bleher R, Thaner RV, Mirkin CA, Nguyen ST. Directed Assembly of Nucleic Acid-Based Polymeric Nanoparticles from Molecular Tetravalent Cores. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8184-91. [PMID: 25980315 PMCID: PMC5493157 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complementary tetrahedral small molecule-DNA hybrid (SMDH) building blocks have been combined to form nucleic acid-based polymeric nanoparticles without the need for an underlying template or scaffold. The sizes of these particles can be tailored in a facile fashion by adjusting assembly conditions such as SMDH concentration, assembly time, and NaCl concentration. Notably, these novel particles can be stabilized and transformed into functionalized spherical nucleic acid (SNA) structures through the incorporation of capping DNA strands conjugated with functional groups. These results demonstrate a systematic, efficient strategy for the construction and surface functionalization of well-defined, size-tunable nucleic acid particles from readily accessible molecular building blocks. Furthermore, because these nucleic acid-based polymeric nanoparticles exhibited enhanced cellular internalization and resistance to DNase I compared to free synthetic nucleic acids, they should have a plethora of applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ibrahim Eryazici
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Reiner Bleher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Ryan V. Thaner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Leng Q, Chou ST, Scaria PV, Woodle MC, Mixson AJ. Increased tumor distribution and expression of histidine-rich plasmid polyplexes. J Gene Med 2015; 16:317-28. [PMID: 25303767 PMCID: PMC4242722 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selecting nonviral carriers for in vivo gene delivery is often dependent on determining the optimal carriers from transfection assays in vitro. The rationale behind this in vitro strategy is to cast a net sufficiently wide to identify the few effective carriers of plasmids for in vivo studies. Nevertheless, many effective in vivo carriers may be overlooked by this strategy because of the marked differences between in vitro and in vivo assays. Methods After solid-phase synthesis of linear and branched histidine/lysine (HK) peptides, the two peptide carriers were compared for their ability to transfect MDA-MB-435 tumor cells in vitro and then in vivo. Results By contrast to their transfection activity in vitro, the linear H2K carrier of plasmids was far more effective in vivo compared to the branch H2K4b. Surprisingly, negatively-charged polyplexes formed by the linear H2K peptide gave higher transfection in vivo than did those with a positive surface charge. To examine the distribution of plasmid expression within the tumor from H2K polyplexes, we found widespread expression by immunohistochemical staining. With a fluorescent tdTomato expressing-plasmid, we confirmed a pervasive distribution and gene expression within the tumor mediated by the H2K polyplex. Conclusions Although mechanisms underlying the efficiency of gene expression are probably multifactorial, unpacking of the H2K polyplex within the tumor appears to have a significant role. Further development of these H2K polyplexes represents an attractive approach for plasmid-based therapies of cancer. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Gene Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Leng
- Department of Pathology, University Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
213
|
Yang Y, Huang J, Yang X, Quan K, Wang H, Ying L, Xie N, Ou M, Wang K. FRET Nanoflares for Intracellular mRNA Detection: Avoiding False Positive Signals and Minimizing Effects of System Fluctuations. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8340-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ke Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Le Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nuli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Min Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Choi CKK, Li J, Wei K, Xu YJ, Ho LWC, Zhu M, To KKW, Choi CHJ, Bian L. A gold@polydopamine core-shell nanoprobe for long-term intracellular detection of microRNAs in differentiating stem cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7337-46. [PMID: 25996312 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The capability of monitoring the differentiation process in living stem cells is crucial to the understanding of stem cell biology and the practical application of stem-cell-based therapies, yet conventional methods for the analysis of biomarkers related to differentiation require a large number of cells as well as cell lysis. Such requirements lead to the unavoidable loss of cell sources and preclude real-time monitoring of cellular events. In this work, we report the detection of microRNAs (miRNAs) in living human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by using polydopamine-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@PDA NPs). The PDA shell facilitates the immobilization of fluorescently labeled hairpin DNA strands (hpDNAs) that can recognize specific miRNA targets. The gold core and PDA shell quench the fluorescence of the immobilized hpDNAs, and subsequent binding of the hpDNAs to the target miRNAs leads to their dissociation from Au@PDA NPs and the recovery of fluorescence signals. Remarkably, these Au@PDA-hpDNA nanoprobes can naturally enter stem cells, which are known for their poor transfection efficiency, without the aid of transfection agents. Upon cellular uptake of these nanoprobes, we observe intense and time-dependent fluorescence responses from two important osteogenic marker miRNAs, namely, miR-29b and miR-31, only in hMSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation and living primary osteoblasts but not in undifferentiated hMSCs and 3T3 fibroblasts. Strikingly, our nanoprobes can afford long-term tracking of miRNAs (5 days) in the differentiating hMSCs without the need of continuously replenishing cell culture medium with fresh nanoprobes. Our results demonstrate the capability of our Au@PDA-hpDNA nanoprobes for monitoring the differentiation status of hMSCs (i.e., differentiating versus undifferentiated) via the detection of specific miRNAs in living stem cells. Our nanoprobes show great promise in the investigation of the long-term dynamics of stem cell differentiation, identification and isolation of specific cell types, and high-throughput drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kit K Choi
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinming Li
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang J Xu
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lok Wai C Ho
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K W To
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Hang J Choi
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liming Bian
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Eustaquio T, Leary JF. Nanobarcoded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for nanomedicine: Quantitative studies of cell-nanoparticle interactions by scanning image cytometry. Cytometry A 2015; 89:207-16. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Eustaquio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| | - James F. Leary
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Bindley Bioscience Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Tan X, Li BB, Lu X, Jia F, Santori C, Menon P, Li H, Zhang B, Zhao JJ, Zhang K. Light-triggered, self-immolative nucleic Acid-drug nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6112-5. [PMID: 25924099 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous intracellular delivery of multiple types of payloads, such as hydrophobic drugs and nucleic acids, typically requires complex carrier systems. Herein, we demonstrate a self-deliverable form of nucleic acid-drug nanostructure that is composed almost entirely of payload molecules. Upon light activation, the nanostructure sheds the nucleic acid shell, while the core, which consists of prodrug molecules, disintegrates via an irreversible self-immolative process, releasing free drug molecules and small molecule fragments. We demonstrate that the nanostructures exhibit enhanced stability against DNase I compared with free DNA, and that the model drug (camptothecin) released exhibits similar efficacy as free, unmodified drugs toward cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Tan
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ben B Li
- §Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,∥Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xueguang Lu
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fei Jia
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Clarissa Santori
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Priyanka Menon
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hui Li
- ‡Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- ‡Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jean J Zhao
- §Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,∥Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410081, China
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Salatin S, Maleki Dizaj S, Yari Khosroushahi A. Effect of the surface modification, size, and shape on cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:881-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salatin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Rotz MW, Culver KSB, Parigi G, MacRenaris KW, Luchinat C, Odom TW, Meade TJ. High relaxivity Gd(III)-DNA gold nanostars: investigation of shape effects on proton relaxation. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3385-96. [PMID: 25723190 PMCID: PMC4489565 DOI: 10.1021/nn5070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium(III) nanoconjugate contrast agents (CAs) have distinct advantages over their small-molecule counterparts in magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to increased Gd(III) payload, a significant improvement in proton relaxation efficiency, or relaxivity (r1), is often observed. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a nanoconjugate CA created by covalent attachment of Gd(III) to thiolated DNA (Gd(III)-DNA), followed by surface conjugation onto gold nanostars (DNA-Gd@stars). These conjugates exhibit remarkable r1 with values up to 98 mM(-1) s(-1). Additionally, DNA-Gd@stars show efficient Gd(III) delivery and biocompatibility in vitro and generate significant contrast enhancement when imaged at 7 T. Using nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion analysis, we attribute the high performance of the DNA-Gd@stars to an increased contribution of second-sphere relaxivity compared to that of spherical CA equivalents (DNA-Gd@spheres). Importantly, the surface of the gold nanostar contains Gd(III)-DNA in regions of positive, negative, and neutral curvature. We hypothesize that the proton relaxation enhancement observed results from the presence of a unique hydrophilic environment produced by Gd(III)-DNA in these regions, which allows second-sphere water molecules to remain adjacent to Gd(III) ions for up to 10 times longer than diffusion. These results establish that particle shape and second-sphere relaxivity are important considerations in the design of Gd(III) nanoconjugate CAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Rotz
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kayla S. B. Culver
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Keith W. MacRenaris
- Quantitative Bio-elemental Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Teri W. Odom
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Duan R, Wang B, Hong F, Zhang T, Jia Y, Huang J, Hakeem A, Liu N, Lou X, Xia F. Real-time monitoring of enzyme-free strand displacement cascades by colorimetric assays. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5719-25. [PMID: 25744386 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme-free toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction has shown potential for building programmable DNA circuits, biosensors, molecular machines and chemical reaction networks. Here we report a simple colorimetric method using gold nanoparticles as signal generators for the real-time detection of the product of the strand displacement cascade. During the process the assembled gold nanoparticles can be separated, resulting in a color change of the solution. This assay can also be applied in complex mixtures, fetal bovine serum, and to detect single-base mismatches. These results suggest that this method could be of general utility to monitor more complex enzyme-free strand displacement reaction-based programmable systems or for further low-cost diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Duan
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
220
|
Peng H, Wang C, Xu X, Yu C, Wang Q. An intestinal Trojan horse for gene delivery. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4354-4360. [PMID: 25619169 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06377e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium forms an essential element of the mucosal barrier and plays a critical role in the pathophysiological response to different enteric disorders and diseases. As a major enteric dysfunction of the intestinal tract, inflammatory bowel disease is a genetic disease which results from the inappropriate and exaggerated mucosal immune response to the normal constituents in the mucosal microbiota environment. An intestine targeted drug delivery system has unique advantages in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. As a new concept in drug delivery, the Trojan horse system with the synergy of nanotechnology and host cells can achieve better therapeutic efficacy in specific diseases. Here, we demonstrated the feasibility of encapsulating DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles into primary isolated intestinal stem cells to form an intestinal Trojan horse for gene regulation therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. This proof-of-concept intestinal Trojan horse will have a wide variety of applications in the diagnosis and therapy of enteric disorders and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
221
|
Ge C, Tian J, Zhao Y, Chen C, Zhou R, Chai Z. Towards understanding of nanoparticle–protein corona. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:519-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
222
|
Randeria PS, Briley WE, Chinen AB, Guan CM, Petrosko SH, Mirkin CA. Nanoflares as probes for cancer diagnostics. Cancer Treat Res 2015; 166:1-22. [PMID: 25895862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16555-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients whose cancer is detected early are much more likely to have a positive prognosis and outcome. Nanoflares hold promise as a practical diagnostic platform for the early detection of cancer markers in living cells. These probes are based on spherical nucleic acid (SNAs) and are typically composed of gold nanoparticle cores and densely packed and highly oriented oligonucleotide shells; these sequences are complementary to specific mRNA targets and are hybridized to fluorophore-labeled reporter strands. Nanoflares take advantage of the highly efficient fluorescence quenching properties of gold, the rapid cellular uptake of SNAs that occurs without the use of transfection agents, and the enzymatic stability of such constructs to report a highly sensitive and specific signal in the presence of intracellular target mRNA. In this chapter, we will focus on the synthesis, characterization, and diagnostic applications of nanoflares as they relate to cancer markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik S Randeria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, 2145, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
223
|
Li Y, Yan L, Liu Y, Qian K, Liu B, Yang P, Liu B. High-efficiency nano/micro-reactors for protein analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the recent advances regarding the development of nanomaterial-based nanoreactors and microfluidic droplet reactors and their applications in protein analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Kun Qian
- Center for Bio-Nano-Chips and Diagnostics in Translational Medicine
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Bio-Nano-Chips and Diagnostics in Translational Medicine
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Barnaby SN, Sita TL, Petrosko SH, Stegh AH, Mirkin CA. Therapeutic applications of spherical nucleic acids. Cancer Treat Res 2015; 166:23-50. [PMID: 25895863 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16555-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) represent an emerging class of nanoparticle-based therapeutics. SNAs consist of densely functionalized and highly oriented oligonucleotides on the surface of a nanoparticle which can either be inorganic (such as gold or platinum) or hollow (such as liposomal or silica-based). The spherical architecture of the oligonucleotide shell confers unique advantages over traditional nucleic acid delivery methods, including entry into nearly all cells independent of transfection agents and resistance to nuclease degradation. Furthermore, SNAs can penetrate biological barriers, including the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers as well as the epidermis, and have demonstrated efficacy in several murine disease models in the absence of significant adverse side effects. In this chapter, we will focus on the applications of SNAs in cancer therapy as well as discuss multimodal SNAs for drug delivery and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Barnaby
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
225
|
Abstract
In this critical review, we present the recent advances in the design and fabrication of graphene/nucleic acid nanobiointerfaces, as well as the fundamental understanding of their interfacial properties and various nanobiotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation
- Department of Optical Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Lazarovits J, Chen YY, Sykes EA, Chan WCW. Nanoparticle–blood interactions: the implications on solid tumour targeting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2756-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07644c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review examines nanoparticle–blood interactions, their implications on solid tumour targeting, and provides an outlook to guide future nanoparticle design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Lazarovits
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
| | - Yih Yang Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
| | - Edward A. Sykes
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
| | - Warren C. W. Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Siriwardena A, Khanal M, Barras A, Bande O, Mena-Barragán T, Mellet CO, Garcia Fernández JM, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Unprecedented inhibition of glycosidase-catalyzed substrate hydrolysis by nanodiamond-grafted O-glycosides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21390h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-coated nanodiamond particles with lectin recognition capabilities are not only stable towards the hydrolytic action of glycosidases, but also are endowed with the ability to inhibit them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Siriwardena
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiennes et Bioresources
- FRE-CNRS 3517
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne
- 80039 Amiens
- France
| | - Manakamana Khanal
- Institute of Electronics
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN)
- UMR-CNRS 8520
- Lille1 University
- Avenue Poincaré-BP 60069
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Institute of Electronics
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN)
- UMR-CNRS 8520
- Lille1 University
- Avenue Poincaré-BP 60069
| | - Omprakash Bande
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiennes et Bioresources
- FRE-CNRS 3517
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne
- 80039 Amiens
- France
| | | | | | | | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institute of Electronics
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN)
- UMR-CNRS 8520
- Lille1 University
- Avenue Poincaré-BP 60069
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Institute of Electronics
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN)
- UMR-CNRS 8520
- Lille1 University
- Avenue Poincaré-BP 60069
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Ekin A, Karatas OF, Culha M, Ozen M. Designing a gold nanoparticle-based nanocarrier for microRNA transfection into the prostate and breast cancer cells. J Gene Med 2014; 16:331-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asli Ekin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department; Erzurum Technical University; Erzurum Turkey
- Department Medical Genetics; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Culha
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department Medical Genetics; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School; Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department; Biruni University; Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Liu M, Tang Q, Deng T, Yan H, Li J, Li Y, Yang R. Two-photon AgNP/DNA-TP dye nanosensing conjugate for biothiol probing in live cells. Analyst 2014; 139:6185-91. [PMID: 25285333 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel silver nanoparticle (AgNP)/DNA-two-photon dye (TP dye) conjugate was fabricated as a two-photon nanoprobe for biothiol imaging in live cells. DNA-templated silver nanoparticles are efficient quenchers and also provide a biocompatible nanoplatform for facile delivery of DNA into living cells. In the presence of biothiols (Cys, Hcy, or GSH), the strong interaction between the thiol group and silver results in the release of TP dye-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from the AgNP surface and the subsequent fluorescence emission of the TP dye, thus enabling biothiols to be assayed. Our results reveal that the AgNP/DNA-TP dye nanosensing conjugate not only is a robust, sensitive, and selective sensor for quantitative detection of biothiols in the complex biological environment but also can be efficiently delivered into live cells and act as a "signal-on" sensor for specific, high-contrast imaging of target biomolecules. Our design provides a methodology for the development of future DNA-templated silver nanoparticle-based two-photon fluorescent probes for use in vitro or in vivo as biomolecular sensors for live-cell imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
Lim EK, Kim T, Paik S, Haam S, Huh YM, Lee K. Nanomaterials for Theranostics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Chem Rev 2014; 115:327-94. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Lim
- Department
of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
- BioNanotechnology
Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Taekhoon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
- Electronic
Materials Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14-1,
Nongseo-Ri, Giheung-Eup, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 449-712, Korea
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- Severance
Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-749, Korea
- Division
of Pathology, NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department
of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Chinen AB, Guan CM, Mirkin CA. Spherical nucleic acid nanoparticle conjugates enhance G-quadruplex formation and increase serum protein interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:527-31. [PMID: 25393322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of three-dimensional oligonucleotide structure on protein corona formation, we studied the identity and quantity of human serum proteins that bind to spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanoparticle conjugates. SNAs exhibit cellular uptake properties that are remarkably different from those of linear nucleic acids, which have been related to their interaction with certain classes of proteins. Through a proteomic analysis, this work shows that the protein binding properties of SNAs are sequence-specific and supports the conclusion that the oligonucleotide tertiary structure can significantly alter the chemical composition of the SNA protein corona. This knowledge will impact our understanding of how nucleic acid-based nanostructures, and SNAs in particular, function in complex biological milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B Chinen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201 (USA)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
232
|
Chinen AB, Guan CM, Mirkin CA. Spherical Nucleic Acid Nanoparticle Conjugates Enhance G-Quadruplex Formation and Increase Serum Protein Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
233
|
Su X, Kuang L, Battle C, Shaner T, Mitchell B, Fink MJ, Jayawickramarajah J. Mild two-step method to construct DNA-conjugated silicon nanoparticles: scaffolds for the detection of microRNA-21. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1739-43. [PMID: 25243490 PMCID: PMC4198101 DOI: 10.1021/bc5004026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel two-step method, starting from bulk silicon wafers, to construct DNA conjugated silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). This method first utilizes reactive high-energy ball milling (RHEBM) to obtain alkene grafted SiNPs. The alkene moieties are subsequently reacted with commercially available thiol-functionalized DNA via thiol-ene click chemistry to produce SiNP DNA conjugates wherein the DNA is attached through a covalent thioether bond. Further, to show the utility of this synthetic strategy, we illustrate how these SiNP ODN conjugates can detect cancer-associated miR-21 via a fluorescence ON strategy. Given that an array of biological molecules can be prepared with thiol termini and that SiNPs are biocompatible and biodegradable, we envision that this synthetic protocol will find utility in salient SiNP systems for potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Su
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Cooper Battle
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Ted Shaner
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Brian
S. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Mark J. Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Ng VWK, Avti PK, Bédard M, Lam T, Rouleau L, Tardif JC, Rhéaume É, Lesage F, Kakkar A. Miktoarm star conjugated multifunctional gold nanoshells: synthesis and an evaluation of biocompatibility and cellular uptake. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6334-6344. [PMID: 32262150 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and highly versatile click chemistry based synthetic strategy to develop an ABC type miktoarm star ligand that is conjugated to gold nanoshells (GNS) is reported. The surface functionalized multifunctional GNS contain lipoic acid (LA) as a model therapeutic agent, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG350) as a solubilizing and stealth agent, and tetraethylene glycol (TEG) with a terminally conjugated thiol moiety. These GNS have an average size of 40 nm, a shell thickness of 6 nm, a well-defined crystal structure lattice (111), and a surface absorption plasmon band in the near infrared (NIR) region. The miktoarm star and GNS functionalized with this ligand are non-cytotoxic for up to 5 μg mL-1 concentrations, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells internalize more than 85% of these GNS at 5 μg mL-1. Our results establish that the biocompatible miktoarm star ligand provides a useful platform to synthetically articulate the introduction of multiple functions onto GNS, and enhance their scope by combining their inherent imaging capabilities with efficient delivery and accumulation of active therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa W K Ng
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
235
|
Kim J, Lee YM, Kang Y, Kim WJ. Tumor-homing, size-tunable clustered nanoparticles for anticancer therapeutics. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9358-9367. [PMID: 25184691 DOI: 10.1021/nn503349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present herein a pH-responsive dynamic DNA nanocluster based on gold nanoparticles with highly packed nucleic acid assembly and evaluate its potential as a drug delivery vehicle with tumor-specific accumulation. Each gold nanoparticle was readily functionalized with various functional DNA sequences; in particular, we modified the surface of gold nanoparticles with bcl-2 antisense and i-motif binding sequences. Clustering of the gold nanoparticles induced by hybridization of each DNA sequence via i-motif DNA provided tumor targeting and drug loading capabilities. After cellular uptake, the drug was released by disassembly of the gold nanoparticle cluster into single gold nanoparticles in response to the pH decrease in the late endosome. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated by the antisense-modified gold nanoparticles; thus, drug-mediated apoptosis was significantly accelerated by sensitizing the cancer cells to the drug. Our size-tunable clustered nucleic acid-grafted gold nanoparticles provide tumor homing in the blood circulation and are thus a potential multifunctional therapeutic agent in vivo as well as in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
236
|
Wang H, Schultz ZD. TERS Detection of αVβ3Integrins in Intact Cell Membranes. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3944-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
237
|
Zhang P, Qiao Y, Wang C, Ma L, Su M. Enhanced radiation therapy with internalized polyelectrolyte modified nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10095-9. [PMID: 25032891 PMCID: PMC4169007 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A challenge of X-ray radiation therapy is that high dose X-ray under therapeutic conditions damages normal cells. This paper describes a nanoparticle-based method to enhance X-ray radiation therapy by delivering radio-sensitizing gold nanoparticles into cancer cells. The nanoparticles have been modified with cationic polyelectrolytes to allow internalization. Upon X-ray irradiation of nanoparticles, more photoelectrons and Auger electrons are generated to cause water ionization, leading to formation of free radicals that damage DNA of cancer cells. The X-ray dose required for DNA damage and cell killing is reduced by delivering gold nanoparticles inside cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liyuan Ma
- Corresponding Author: For nanoparticle enhanced radiation: . For HaloChip assay:
| | - Ming Su
- Corresponding Author: For nanoparticle enhanced radiation: . For HaloChip assay:
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Qian R, Ding L, Yan L, Lin M, Ju H. Smart Vesicle Kit for In Situ Monitoring of Intracellular Telomerase Activity Using a Telomerase-Responsive Probe. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8642-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502538w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruocan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Manfei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Mu Q, Jiang G, Chen L, Zhou H, Fourches D, Tropsha A, Yan B. Chemical basis of interactions between engineered nanoparticles and biological systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7740-81. [PMID: 24927254 PMCID: PMC4578874 DOI: 10.1021/cr400295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
- Present address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, U.S.A
| | | | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Latorre A, Posch C, Garcimartín Y, Celli A, Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Ma J, Zekhtser M, Rappersberger K, Ortiz-Urda S, Somoza Á. DNA and aptamer stabilized gold nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7436-7442. [PMID: 24882040 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can be used as carriers of a variety of therapeutics. Ideally, drugs are released in the target cells in response to cell specific intracellular triggers. In this study, GNPs are loaded with doxorubicin or AZD8055, using a self-immolative linker which facilitates the release of anticancer therapeutics in malignant cells without modifications of the active compound. An additional modification with the aptamer AS1411 further increases the selectivity of GNPs towards cancer cells. Both modifications increase targeted delivery of therapeutics with GNPs. Whereas GNPs without anticancer drugs do not affect cell viability in all cells tested, AS1411 modified GNPs loaded with doxorubicin or AZD8055 show significant and increased reduction of cell viability in breast cancer and uveal melanoma cell lines. These results highlight that modified GNPs can be functionalized to increase the efficacy of cancer therapeutics and may further reduce toxicity by increasing targeted delivery towards malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Latorre
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
241
|
Son S, Nam J, Kim J, Kim S, Kim WJ. i-motif-driven Au nanomachines in programmed siRNA delivery for gene-silencing and photothermal ablation. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5574-5584. [PMID: 24869928 DOI: 10.1021/nn5022567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work illustrates unique design, construction and operation of an i-motif-based DNA nanomachine templated on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which utilizes pH-responsive dynamic motion of i-motif DNA strands and aggregational behavior of AuNPs to elicit programmed delivery of therapeutic siRNA. The pH-sensitive nucleic acids immobilized on the AuNPs consisted of three functional segments, i.e., an i-motif DNA, an overhanging linker DNA and a therapeutic siRNA. At neutral pH, the i-motif DNA is hybridized with the overhanging linker DNA segment of the therapeutic siRNA. However, in endosomal acidic pH, the i-motif DNA forms interstrand tetraplex, which could induce cluster formation of AuNPs resulting in endosomal escape of AuNP clusters, and produce a high gene silencing efficiency by releasing siRNA in the cytosol. Furthermore, the cluster formation of AuNPs accelerated photothermal ablation of cells when irradiated with laser. Precise and synchronized biomechanical motion in subcellular microenvironment is realized through judicious integration of pH-responsive behavior of the i-motif DNA and AuNPs, and meticulous designing of DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Son
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
242
|
Probing the inherent stability of siRNA immobilized on nanoparticle constructs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9739-44. [PMID: 24946803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409431111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful and highly effective method to regulate gene expression in vitro and in vivo. However, the susceptibility to serum nuclease-catalyzed degradation is a major challenge and it remains unclear whether the strategies developed to improve the stability of siRNA free in serum solution are ideal for siRNA conjugated to nanoparticle surfaces. Herein, we use spherical nucleic acid nanoparticle conjugates, consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with siRNA chemisorbed to the surface, as a platform to study how a model siRNA targeting androgen receptor degrades in serum (SNA-siRNAAR). In solutions of 10% (vol/vol) FBS, we find rapid endonuclease hydrolysis at specific sites near the AuNP-facing terminus of siRNAAR, which were different from those of siRNAAR free in solution. These data indicate that the chemical environment of siRNA on a nanoparticle surface can alter the recognition of siRNA by serum nucleases and change the inherent stability of the nucleic acid. Finally, we demonstrate that incorporation of 2'-O-methyl RNA nucleotides at sites of nuclease hydrolysis on SNA-siRNAAR results in a 10-fold increase in siRNA lifetime. These data suggest that strategies for enhancing the serum stability of siRNA immobilized to nanoparticles must be developed from a dedicated analysis of the siRNA-nanoparticle conjugate, rather than a reliance on strategies developed for siRNA free in solution. We believe these findings are important for fundamentally understanding interactions between biological media and oligonucleotides conjugated to nanoparticles for the development of gene regulatory and therapeutic agents in a variety of disease models.
Collapse
|
243
|
Chen N, Li J, Song H, Chao J, Huang Q, Fan C. Physical and biochemical insights on DNA structures in artificial and living systems. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1720-30. [PMID: 24588263 DOI: 10.1021/ar400324n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Highly specific DNA base-pairing is the basis for both fulfilling its genetic role and constructing novel nanostructures and hybrid conjugates with inorganic nanomaterials (NMs). There exist many remarkable differences in the physical properties of single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA, which play important roles in regulation of biological processes in nature. Rapid advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology pose new questions on how DNA and DNA structures interact with inorganic nanomaterials or cells and animals, which should be important for their biological and biomedical applications. In this Account, we intend to provide an overview on many facets of DNA and DNA structures in artificial and living systems, with the focus on their properties and functions at the interfaces of inorganic nanomaterials and biological systems. ssDNA, dsDNA, and DNA nanostructures interact with NMs in different ways. In particular, gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide exhibit strikingly different affinity toward ssDNA and dsDNA. Such binding differences can be coupled with optical properties of NMs. For example, DNA hybridization can effectively modulate the plasmonic and catalytic properties of gold nanoparticles. By exploitation of these interactions, there have been many ways for sensitive transduction of biomolecular recognition for various sensing applications. Alternatively, modulation of the properties of DNA and DNA structures with NMs has led to new tools for genetic analysis including genotyping and haplotyping. Self-assembled DNA nanostructures have emerged as a new type of NMs with pure biomolecules. These nanostructures can be designed in one, two, or three dimensions with various sizes, shapes, and geometries. They also have characteristics of uniform size, precise addressability, excellent water solubility, and biocompatibility. These nanostructures provide a new toolbox for biophysical studies with unparalleled advantages, for example, NMR-based protein structure determination and single-molecule studies. Also importantly, DNA nanostructures have proven highly useful in various applications including biological detection, bioreactors, and nanomedicine. In particular, DNA nanostructures exhibit high cellular permeability, a property that is not available for ssDNA and dsDNA, which is required for their drug delivery applications. DNA and DNA structures can also form hybrids with inorganic NMs. Notably, DNA anchored at the interface of inorganic NMs behaves differently from that at the macroscopic interface. Several types of DNA-NM conjugates have exerted beneficial effects for bioassays and in vitro translation of proteins. Even more interestingly, hybrid nanoconjugates demonstrate distinct properties under the context of biological systems such as cultured cells or animal models. These unprecedented properties not only arouse great interest in studying such interfaces but also open new opportunities for numerous applications in artificial and living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Sychrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Sychrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- Key
Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Sychrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Sychrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Sychrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Liang H, Zhang XB, Lv Y, Gong L, Wang R, Zhu X, Yang R, Tan W. Functional DNA-containing nanomaterials: cellular applications in biosensing, imaging, and targeted therapy. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1891-901. [PMID: 24780000 PMCID: PMC4066909 DOI: 10.1021/ar500078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
DNA performs
a vital function as a carrier of genetic code, but in the field of
nanotechnology, DNA molecules can catalyze chemical reactions in the
cell, that is, DNAzymes, or bind with target-specific ligands, that
is, aptamers. These functional DNAs with different modifications have
been developed for sensing, imaging, and therapeutic systems. Thus,
functional DNAs hold great promise for future applications in nanotechnology
and bioanalysis. However, these functional DNAs face challenges, especially
in the field of biomedicine. For example, functional DNAs typically
require the use of cationic transfection reagents to realize cellular
uptake. Such reagents enter the cells, increasing the difficulty of
performing bioassays in vivo and potentially damaging the cell’s
nucleus. To address this obstacle, nanomaterials, such as metallic,
carbon, silica, or magnetic materials, have been utilized as DNA carriers
or assistants. In this Account, we describe selected examples of functional
DNA-containing nanomaterials and their applications from our recent
research and those of others. As models, we have chosen to highlight
DNA/nanomaterial complexes consisting of gold nanoparticles, graphene oxides, and aptamer–micelles, and we illustrate the potential
of such complexes in biosensing, imaging, and medical diagnostics. Under proper conditions, multiple ligand–receptor interactions,
decreased steric hindrance, and increased surface roughness can be
achieved from a high density of DNA that is bound to the surface of
nanomaterials, resulting in a higher affinity for complementary DNA
and other targets. In addition, this high density of DNA causes a
high local salt concentration and negative charge density, which can
prevent DNA degradation. For example, DNAzymes assembled on gold nanoparticles
can effectively catalyze chemical reactions even in living cells.
And it has been confirmed that DNA–nanomaterial complexes can
enter cells more easily than free single-stranded DNA. Nanomaterials
can be designed and synthesized in needed sizes and shapes, and they
possess unique chemical and physical properties, which make them useful
as DNA carriers or assistants, excellent signal reporters, transducers,
and amplifiers. When nanomaterials are combined with functional DNAs
to create novel assay platforms, highly sensitive biosensing and high-resolution
imaging result. For example, gold nanoparticles and graphene oxides
can quench fluorescence efficiently to achieve low background and
effectively increase the signal-to-background ratio. Meanwhile, gold
nanoparticles themselves can be colorimetric reporters because of
their different optical absorptions between monodispersion and aggregation. DNA self-assembled nanomaterials contain several properties of
both DNA and nanomaterials. Compared with DNA–nanomaterial
complexes, DNA self-assembled nanomaterials more closely resemble
living beings, and therefore they have lower cytotoxicity at high
concentrations. Functional DNA self-assemblies also have high density
of DNA for multivalent reaction and three-dimensional nanostructures
for cell uptake. Now and in the future, we envision the use of DNA
bases in making designer molecules for many challenging applications
confronting chemists. With the further development of artificial DNA
bases using smart organic synthesis, DNA macromolecules based on elegant
molecular assembly approaches are expected to achieve great diversity,
additional versatility, and advanced functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ruowen Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Center for Research at Bio/nano Interface,
Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional
Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, and McKnight
Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Qian R, Ding L, Yan L, Lin M, Ju H. A Robust Probe for Lighting Up Intracellular Telomerase via Primer Extension To Open a Nicked Molecular Beacon. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8205-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5042995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruocan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Manfei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Dam DM, Lee RC, Odom TW. Improved in vitro efficacy of gold nanoconstructs by increased loading of G-quadruplex aptamer. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2843-8. [PMID: 24689438 PMCID: PMC4023846 DOI: 10.1021/nl500844m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes how in vitro efficacy of aptamer-loaded gold nanostars (Apt-AuNS) can be enhanced by the increased loading of a G-quadruplex homodimer AS1411 (Apt) on the AuNS surface. In a low pH buffer environment, the loading density of Apt on AuNS was increased up to 2.5 times that obtained using the conventional salt-aging process. These highly loaded AuNS nanoconstructs (*Apt-AuNS) were taken up in pancreatic cancer and fibrosarcoma cells ca. 2 times more and at faster rates compared to Apt-AuNS. When a similar number of AuNS carriers was internalized by the cancer cells, the amount of AS1411 delivered via *Apt-AuNS was effectively double that of Apt-AuNS, and *Apt-AuNS resulted in an average of 42% increase in cell death. These results suggest that increasing the loading density on AuNS could provide a simple means to improve uptake as well as in vitro efficacy of the nanoconstructs in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan
Hieu M. Dam
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Raymond C. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teri W. Odom
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Chan MS, Lo PK. Nanoneedle-assisted delivery of site-selective peptide-functionalized DNA nanocages for targeting mitochondria and nuclei. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1255-60. [PMID: 24323905 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-functionalized DNA nano-objects selectively target mitochondria and the nucleus by means of nanoneedle-assisted delivery. This technology preserves the cell viability and structural integrity of nanostructures and assists the nano-objects in escaping degradation by endocytosis. This method opens up a new avenue for further in vitro studies of intracellular behaviors of DNA assemblies and their interactions in specific organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miu Shan Chan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
248
|
Gold nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1075-1083. [PMID: 24599278 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles provide an attractive and applicable scaffold for delivery of nucleic acids. In this review, we focus on the use of covalent and noncovalent gold nanoparticle conjugates for applications in gene delivery and RNA-interference technologies. We also discuss challenges in nucleic acid delivery, including endosomal entrapment/escape and active delivery/presentation of nucleic acids in the cell.
Collapse
|
249
|
Kettler K, Veltman K, van de Meent D, van Wezel A, Hendriks AJ. Cellular uptake of nanoparticles as determined by particle properties, experimental conditions, and cell type. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:481-92. [PMID: 24273100 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The increased application of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing the risk of their release into the environment. Although many toxicity studies have been conducted, the environmental risk is difficult to estimate, because uptake mechanisms are often not determined in toxicity studies. In the present study, the authors review dominant uptake mechanisms of NPs in cells, as well as the effect of NP properties, experimental conditions, and cell type on NP uptake. Knowledge of NP uptake is crucial for risk assessment and is essential to predict the behavior of NPs based on their physical-chemical properties. Important uptake mechanisms for eukaryotic cells are macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis in specialized mammalian cells. The studies reviewed demonstrate that uptake into nonphagocytic cells depends strongly on NP size, with an uptake optimum at an NP diameter of approximately 50 nm. Increasing surface charges, either positive or negative, have been shown to increase particle uptake in comparison with uncharged NPs. Another important factor is the degree of (homo-) aggregation. Results regarding shape have been ambiguous. Difficulties in the production of NPs, with 1 property changed at a time, call for a full characterization of NP properties. Only then will it be possible to draw conclusions as to which property affected the uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
250
|
Cao-Milán R, Liz-Marzán LM. Gold nanoparticle conjugates: recent advances toward clinical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:741-52. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.891582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|