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Dyrbye LN, Power DV, Massie FS, Eacker A, Harper W, Thomas MR, Szydlo DW, Sloan JA, Shanafelt TD. Factors associated with resilience to and recovery from burnout: a prospective, multi-institutional study of US medical students. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2010; 44:1016-26. [PMID: 20880371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Burnout is prevalent among medical students and is a predictor of subsequent serious consideration of dropping out of medical school and suicide ideation. Understanding of the factors that protect against burnout is needed to guide student wellness programmes. METHODS A total of 1321 medical students attending five institutions were studied longitudinally (2006-2007). The surveys included standardised instruments to evaluate burnout, quality of life, fatigue and stress. Additional items explored social support, learning climate, life events, employment status and demographics. Students who did not have burnout at either time-point (resilient students) were compared with those who indicated burnout at one or both time-points (vulnerable students) using a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test or Fisher's exact test. Similarly, the differences between those who recovered and those who were chronically burned out were also compared in students with burnout at the first time-point. Logistic regression modelling was employed to evaluate associations between the independent variables and resiliency to and recovery from burnout. RESULTS Overall, 792 (60.0%) students completed the burnout inventory at both time-points. No differences in demographic characteristics were observed between resilient (290/792 [36.6%]) and vulnerable (502/792 [63.4%]) students. Resilient students were less likely to experience depression, had a higher quality of life, were less likely to be employed, had experienced fewer stressful life events, reported higher levels of social support, perceived their learning climate more positively and experienced less stress and fatigue (all p < 0.05) than vulnerable students. On multivariable analysis, perceiving student education as a priority for faculty staff, experiencing less stress, not being employed and being a minority were factors independently associated with recovery from burnout. CONCLUSIONS Modifiable individual factors and learning climate characteristics including employment status, stress level and perceptions of the prioritising of student education by faculty members relate to medical students' vulnerability to burnout.
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Seyed-Hosseini M, Taylor J, Quest D. Discussing side effects of over-the-counter medicines: impact of adding percentage data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2010; 18:275-81. [PMID: 20840683 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2010.00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Discussing side effects with patients continues to be a difficult area of practice. Questions arise as to how many should be mentioned and which ones. The way such information is presented can affect drug-taking decisions. This study examined how over-the-counter (OTC) medicine users are influenced by numerical risk estimates of side effects. METHODS As part of a larger study on patient decision-making, 30 participants aged over 50 years were asked to consider three OTC headache medicines. They responded to one of two headache scenarios, one with symptoms described as mild but common and the other severe but rare. Participants made their selection based on drug efficacy and side effects, at first not linked to occurrence rates and then with this information provided. KEY FINDINGS Average age was 66.6 years and the majority were female. Most were currently using some form of drug therapy. Drug choices differed in relation to mild versus severe headache scenarios. A stronger preference for drug X (50% effective and two side effects) was evident when the headaches were mild, shifting to a more effective agent (but with more side effects) when more severe. Addition of occurrence rates to the side effects had the greatest effect within the severe headache scenario, where more participants opted for the most effective agent (drug Z at 100% effective but six side effects) upon seeing the numbers. Overall, however, most kept the same drug in spite of the numerical information. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of numerical data for side effects did not negatively influence potential OTC medicine users. For most, effectiveness and side effects were the concern before receiving the percentages, while effectiveness became more important when the frequency data seemed to instil a sense of reassurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Seyed-Hosseini
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Huang CY, Chi SC, Sousa VD, Wang CP, Pan KC. Depression, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and quality of life in Taiwanese adults from a cardiovascular department of a major hospital in Southern Taiwan. J Clin Nurs 2010; 20:1293-302. [PMID: 21492275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relationships between depression, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and quality of life in Taiwanese adults from a cardiovascular department of a major hospital in Taiwan. BACKGROUND Research suggests associations between depression, metabolic syndrome and quality of life. Despite this fact, few studies have investigated these relationships among Taiwanese. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used to conduct this study. METHODS A convenience sample of 140 adults participated in the study. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, hierarchical regression and t-tests. RESULTS Almost a half of the subjects (46.5%) had metabolic syndrome. The most common combination of metabolic syndrome criteria was elevated blood glucose, central obesity and high blood pressure (23.7%). A greater number of individuals had coronary artery disease (72.9%), type 2 diabetes (35%) and/or depression (21.4%). Type 2 diabetes and depression were significant predictors of overall quality of life (β = -0.16, p < 0.01 and β = -0.63, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, there were significant differences between individuals with and without type 2 diabetes and/or depression regarding overall quality of life scores; t (138) = 3.50, p < 0.01); and t (138) = 7.80, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and depression were common among our sample of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Those with diabetes and/or depression had worse quality of life than those without those diseases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses need to be prepared to assess and intervene in preventing or treating depression among patients with chronic diseases, especially those with coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. When individuals are treated for depression, they are more likely to engage in self-management of their diseases, which will prevent complications and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yu Huang
- I-Shou University, Yanchao Hsiang, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan.
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204
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Kuroda H, Ushio A, Miyamoto Y, Sawara K, Oikawa K, Kasai K, Endo R, Takikawa Y, Kato A, Suzuki K. Effects of branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrient for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following radiofrequency ablation: a one-year prospective trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25:1550-5. [PMID: 20796154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This prospective control study examined whether supplementation with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched nutrients can help maintain and improve residual liver function and nutritional status in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS Subjects were 49 patients with hepatitis C-related HCC who underwent RFA. Two groups were formed: BCAA group (BCAA-enriched nutrient, aminoleban EN) and controls (standard diet only). Event-free survival rate, liver function tests, and Short Form (SF)-8 scores were evaluated in both groups before and one year after RFA. Energy metabolism using indirect calorimetry was measured before and after 3 months. RESULTS Complete data were obtained from 35 patients (BCAA group, n = 20; controls, n = 15). Six events (death, recurrence of HCC, rupture of esophageal varices and liver failure) occurred during the observation period, but frequencies of these events did not differ between groups. Event-free survival rate tended to be higher in the BCA group than in controls. Among the parameters of liver function, serum albumin level was only significantly increased over 6 months, and remained at similar values for one year (P < 0.05). SF-8 scores for general health, physical functioning, and social functioning were significantly elevated in the BCAA group (P < 0.05). Non-protein respiratory quotient was significantly improved in the BCAA group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Supplementation with BCAA-enriched nutrients for one year in cirrhotic patients with HCC after RFA therapy can perform safety and improve both nutritional state and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
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Roberts B, Damundu EY, Lomoro O, Sondorp E. The influence of demographic characteristics, living conditions, and trauma exposure on the overall health of a conflict-affected population in Southern Sudan. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:518. [PMID: 20799956 PMCID: PMC2936432 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There remains limited evidence on how armed conflict affects overall physical and mental well-being rather than specific physical or mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics, living conditions, and violent and traumatic events on general physical and mental health in Southern Sudan which is emerging from 20 years of armed conflict. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 1228 adults was conducted in November 2007 in the town of Juba, the capital of Southern Sudan. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate the associations and relative influence of variables in three models of demographic characteristics, living conditions, and trauma exposure, on general physical and mental health status. These models were run separately and also as a combined model. Data quality and the internal consistency of the health status instrument (SF-8) were assessed. Results The variables in the multivariate analysis (combined model) with negative coefficients of association with general physical health and mental health (i.e. worse health), respectively, were being female (coef. -2.47; -2.63), higher age (coef.-0.16; -0.17), absence of soap in the household (physical health coef. -2.24), and experiencing within the past 12 months a lack of food and/or water (coef. -1.46; -2.27) and lack of medical care (coef.-3.51; -3.17). A number of trauma variables and cumulative exposure to trauma showed an association with physical and mental health (see main text for data). There was limited variance in results when each of the three models were run separately and when they were combined, suggesting the pervasive influence of these variables. The SF-8 showed good data quality and internal consistency. Conclusions This study provides evidence on the pervasive influence of demographic characteristics, living conditions, and violent and traumatic events on the general physical and mental health of a conflict-affected population in Southern Sudan, and highlights the importance of addressing all these influences on overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayard Roberts
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1 H 9SH, UK.
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Buchanan R, Huang C. Health-related quality of life among informal caregivers assisting people with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil 2010; 33:113-21. [PMID: 20450245 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.486467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Buchanan
- Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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207
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Listing M, Reisshauer A, Krohn M, Voigt B, Tjahono G, Becker J, Klapp BF, Rauchfuss M. Massage therapy reduces physical discomfort and improves mood disturbances in women with breast cancer. Psychooncology 2010; 18:1290-9. [PMID: 19189275 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of classical massage treatment in reducing breast cancer-related symptoms and in improving mood disturbances. METHODS. Women diagnosed with primary breast cancer were randomized into an intervention group and a control group. For a period of 5 weeks, the intervention group received bi-weekly 30-min classical massages in the back and head-neck areas. The control group received no additional treatment to their routine healthcare. To evaluate treatment efficacy, the following validated questionnaires were administrated at baseline (T1), at the end of the intervention (T2), and at a followup at 11 weeks (T3): the Short Form-8 Health Survey, the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire breast module (EORTC QLQ-BR23), the Giessen Complaints Inventory (GBB), and the Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF). RESULTS. Eighty-six eligible women (mean age: 59 years) were enrolled in the study. A significantly higher reduction of physical discomfort was found in the intervention group compared with the control group at T2 (p=0.001) and at T3 (p=0.038). A decrease in fatigue was also observed. Women in the intervention group reported significantly lower mood disturbances at T2 (p<0.01) but not at T3. The effect of treatment on mood disturbances was significantly higher if a patient was treated continuously by the same masseur. CONCLUSION. Classical massage seems to be an effective adjuvant treatment for reducing physical discomfort and fatigue, and improving mood disturbances in women with early stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Listing
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Hirsh AT, Molton IR, Johnson KL, Bombardier CH, Jensen MP. The Relationship of Chronological Age, Age at Injury, and Duration of Injury to Employment Status in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2010; 2:263-275. [PMID: 21297893 DOI: 10.1007/s12207-009-9062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Employment status following spinal cord injury (SCI) has important implications for financial and psychosocial well-being. Several age-related variables-in particular chronological age, duration of SCI, and age at SCI onset-have been identified as being associated with employment among individuals with SCI. Cross-sectional investigations of this topic are complicated by methodological and statistical issues associated with aging and disability. The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between three aging variables and employment status in individuals with SCI through a series of regression analyses. Six hundred twenty individuals with SCI completed a survey that included measures of demographic characteristics, pain, psychological functioning, physical functioning, fatigue, and sleep. The results indicated that chronological age and age at SCI onset were significant predictors of employment status. A significantly greater proportion of individuals aged 45-54 were employed compared to those aged 55-64 even after controlling for biopsychosocial variables. Additionally, there was a negative linear relationship between percent employed and age at SCI onset, and this relationship was not accounted for by the biopsychosocial variables. The analyses used in this study provide one method by which to disentangle the effects of different age-related variables on important SCI outcomes in cross-sectional research. Continued research in this area is needed to better understand age-related effects on employment status, which could be used to help maximize the quality of life in individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195-6490, USA
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209
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Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Power DV, Durning S, Moutier C, Massie FS, Harper W, Eacker A, Szydlo DW, Sloan JA, Shanafelt TD. Burnout and serious thoughts of dropping out of medical school: a multi-institutional study. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2010; 85:94-102. [PMID: 20042833 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e3181c46aad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about students who seriously consider dropping out of medical school. The authors assessed the severity of thoughts of dropping out and explored the relationship of such thoughts with burnout and other indicators of distress. METHOD The authors surveyed medical students attending five medical schools in 2006 and 2007 (prospective cohort) and included two additional medical schools in 2007 (cross-sectional cohort). The survey included questions about thoughts of dropping out, life events in the previous 12 months, and validated instruments evaluating burnout, depression symptoms, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS Data were provided by 858 (65%) students in the prospective cohort and 2,248 (52%) in the cross-sectional cohort. Of 2,222 respondents, 243 (11%) indicated having serious thoughts of dropping out within the last year. Burnout (P < .0001), QOL (P < .003 each domain), and depressive symptoms (P < .0001) at baseline predicted serious thoughts of dropping out during the following year. Each one-point increase in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization score and one-point decrease in personal accomplishment score at baseline was associated with a 7% increase in the odds of serious thoughts of dropping out during the following year. On subsequent confirmatory multivariable analysis, low scores for personal accomplishment, lower mental and physical QOL, and having children were independent predictors of students having serious thoughts of dropping out during the following year. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 11% of students have serious thoughts of dropping out of medical school each year. Burnout seems to be associated with increased likelihood of serious thoughts of dropping out.
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210
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Neuropsychological functioning as a predictor of employment activity in a longitudinal study of HIV-infected adults contemplating workforce reentry. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2010; 16:38-48. [PMID: 19765357 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617709990828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are associated with HIV disease, and HIV-related cognitive deficits have been associated with declines in everyday functioning and vocational status. We administered a baseline neuropsychological (NP) test battery designed to assess estimated full-scale IQ, achievement, attention/concentration, executive function, language, mental speed, motor function, nonverbal memory, verbal memory, and visual-spatial function to a sample of 174 disabled, HIV-positive individuals enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial of a vocational-rehabilitation program. We then used these NP scores to predict employment at the end of participants' study participation, using both hierarchical multiple regression and ordinal logistic regression models. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses did not predict participants' employment activities at the end of study participation. In the ordinal logistic regression model, executive functioning weakly predicted employment status at the end of study participation and inspection of the predicted classifications revealed that 63% of the participants were incorrectly classified using this model. These results suggest that although predicting workforce reentry from NP testing may be statistically significant, NP testing may be of limited clinical value for informing the workforce reentry of disabled people with HIV who are interested in returning to work.
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211
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Lipton
- Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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212
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Turner-Bowker DM, Saris-Baglama RN, DeRosa MA, Paulsen CA, Bransfield CP. Using Qualitative Research to Inform the Development of a Comprehensive Outcomes Assessment for Asthma. THE PATIENT 2009; 2:269-282. [PMID: 20508735 PMCID: PMC2874905 DOI: 10.2165/11313840-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Qualitative research can inform the development of asthma patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and user-friendly technologies through defining measurement constructs, identifying potential limitations in measurement and sources of response error, and evaluating usability. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the current study was to inform the development of a comprehensive asthma PRO assessment with input from patients and clinical experts. METHOD: Self-reported adult asthma sufferers recruited from a 3,000 member New England-area research panel participated in either one of three focus groups (N=21) or individual cognitive item debriefing interviews (N=20) to discuss how asthma impacts their health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and provide feedback on a preliminary set of asthma impact survey items and prototype patient report. Focus groups and cognitive interviews were conducted using traditional research principles (e.g., semi-structured interview guide, probing, and think aloud techniques). An Expert Advisory Panel (N=12) including asthma clinical specialists and measurement professionals was convened to review results from the focus group and cognitive interview studies and make recommendations for final survey and report development. RESULTS: Domains of health impacted by asthma included physical (recreation, play, competitive sports, and exercise), social (activities, family relationships), emotional (anger, upset, frustration, anxiety, worry), sleep, role (recreational/leisure activities; work), and sexual functioning. Most items in the impact survey were easily understood, covered important content, and included relevant response options. Items with contradictory examples and multiple concepts were difficult to comprehend. Suggestions were made to expand survey content by including additional items on physical and sexual functioning, sleep, self-consciousness, stigma, and finances. Reports were considered useful and participants saw value in sharing the results with their doctor. Graphic presentation of scores was not always understood; participants preferred tabular presentation of score levels with associated interpretative text. Display of inverse scores for different measures (higher scores equaling better health on one scale and worse health on another) shown on a single page was confusing. The score history section of the report was seen as helpful for monitoring progress over time, particularly for those recently diagnosed with asthma. Expert panelists agreed that displaying inverse scores in a single summary report may be confusing to patients and providers. They also stressed the importance of comprehensive interpretation guidelines for patients, with an emphasis on what they should do next based on scores. Panelists made recommendations for provider and aggregate-level reports (e.g., "red flags" to indicate significant score changes or cut-points of significance; identification of subgroups that have scored poorly or recently gotten worse). CONCLUSION: Incorporating input from patients, clinicians, and measurement experts in the early stages of product development should improve the construct validity of this PRO measure and enhance its practical application in healthcare.
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213
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Harris F, Sprigle S, Sonenblum SE, Maurer CL. The Participation and Activity Measurement System: An example application among people who use wheeled mobility devices. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2009; 5:48-57. [DOI: 10.3109/17483100903100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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214
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Borders TF, Booth BM, Falck RS, Leukefeld C, Wang J, Carlson RG. Longitudinal changes in drug use severity and physical health-related quality of life among untreated stimulant users. Addict Behav 2009; 34:959-64. [PMID: 19560873 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether drug use severity is associated with physical health-related quality of life (HRQL) over time. Data are from a longitudinal, multi-state, natural history community study of users of cocaine and/or methamphetamine who were interviewed at 6-month intervals over 2 years with a 79% follow-up participation rate. Physical HRQL was assessed with the physical component summary (PCS) of the SF-8 Health Survey and drug, alcohol, and psychiatric severity were all assessed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Random coefficient regression analyses were conducted to test for longitudinal associations between the independent variables and SF-8 PCS scores. Reductions in drug use severity over time were accompanied by only minor improvements in SF-8 PCS scores, underscoring the potential long-term harm of illicit drug use on physical health. Greater psychiatric severity was strongly associated with lower SF-8 PCS scores, suggesting that clinical attention to mental health issues could potentially lead to improvements in perceived physical health as well as among stimulant users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone F Borders
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, United States.
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Baltzer AWA, Moser C, Jansen SA, Krauspe R. Autologous conditioned serum (Orthokine) is an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:152-60. [PMID: 18674932 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent and difficult to treat. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS), marketed under the trade name Orthokine, is a novel, injectable antiarthritic derived from the patient's own blood. The present study is the first time ACS has undergone a controlled clinical trial. METHOD We investigated 376 patients with knee OA in a prospective, randomized, patient- and observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial using an intention-to-treat analysis (ITT). The clinical effects of ACS were compared to hyaluronan (HA) and saline (placebo) as assessed by patient-administered outcome instruments (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, global patient assessment, visual analog scale, Short-Form 8) after 7, 13 and 26 weeks. After 104 weeks an observer-blinded follow-up was carried out. Frequency and severity of adverse events were used as safety parameters. RESULTS In all treatment groups, intra-articular injections produced a reduction in symptoms as well as an improvement in quality of life. However, the effects of ACS were significantly superior to those of HA and saline for all outcome measures and time points, and improvements were clinically relevant; there were no differences between the effects of HA and saline. The frequency of adverse events was comparable in the ACS and saline groups, but higher in the HA group. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that ACS injection considerably improves clinical signs and symptoms of OA. It remains to be determined whether ACS is disease-modifying, chondroprotective, or chondroregenerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W A Baltzer
- Centre for Molecular Orthopaedics, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hazard E, Munakata J, Bigal ME, Rupnow MFT, Lipton RB. The burden of migraine in the United States: current and emerging perspectives on disease management and economic analysis. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2009; 12:55-64. [PMID: 18671771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Migraine is often perceived as a low-impact condition that imposes a limited burden to society and the health-care system. This study reviews the current understanding of the burden of migraine in the U.S., the history of economic understanding of migraine treatment and identifies emergent trends for future studies evaluating clinical and economic outcomes of migraine treatment. METHODS This study traced the history of economic articles published on migraine by performing a literature search using PubMed MEDLINE database and ancestral searches of relevant articles. The intention was not to provide an exhaustive review of every article or adjudicate between studies with different findings. RESULTS Migraine affects millions of individuals worldwide, generally during the most productive years of a person's life. Studies show that migraineurs are underdiagnosed, undertreated, and experience substantial decreases in functioning and productivity, which in turn translates into diminished quality of life for individuals, and financial burdens to both health-care systems and employers. Economic evaluations of migraine therapies have evolved with new clinical developments beginning with cognitive-behavioral therapy, introduction of triptans, concern over medication overuse, and emergence of migraine prophylaxis. Now recent clinical studies suggest that migraine may be a progressive disease with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and long-term neurologic effects. CONCLUSIONS Migraine imposes a substantial burden on patients, families, employers and societies. The economic standards by which migraine and treatment are evaluated have evolved in response to clinical developments. Emerging evidence suggests that migraine is a chronic and progressive disease. If confirmed, approaches to acute and prophylactic treatments and economic evaluations of migraine treatment may require major reconsideration.
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Victor RG, Ravenell JE, Freeman A, Bhat DG, Storm JS, Shafiq M, Knowles P, Hannan PJ, Haley R, Leonard D. A barber-based intervention for hypertension in African American men: design of a group randomized trial. Am Heart J 2009; 157:30-6. [PMID: 19081393 PMCID: PMC2638989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barbershops constitute potential sites for community health promotion programs targeting hypertension (HTN) in African American men but such programs previously have not been formally evaluated. METHODS A randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00325533) will test whether a continuous HTN detection and medical referral program conducted by influential peers (barbers) in a receptive community setting (barbershops) can promote treatment-seeking behavior and thus lower blood pressure (BP) among the regular customers with HTN. Barbers will offer a BP check with each haircut and encourage appropriate medical referral using real stories of other customers modeling the desired behaviors. A cohort of 16 barbershops will go through a pretest/posttest group-randomization protocol. Serial cross-sectional data collection periods (10 weeks each) will be conducted by interviewers to obtain accurate snapshots of HTN control in each barbershop before and after 10 months of either barber-based intervention or no active intervention. The primary outcome is BP control: BP <135/85 mm Hg (nondiabetic subjects) and <130/80 mm Hg (diabetic subjects) measured in the barbershop during the 2 data collection periods. The multilevel analysis plan uses hierarchical models to assess the effect of covariates on HTN control and secondary outcomes while accounting for clustering of observations within barbershops. CONCLUSIONS By linking community health promotion to the health care system, this program could serve as a new model for HTN control and cardiovascular risk reduction in African American men on a nationwide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G Victor
- Division of Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, and Donald W Reynolds Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8586, USA.
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Roberts B, Browne J, Ocaka KF, Oyok T, Sondorp E. The reliability and validity of the SF-8 with a conflict-affected population in northern Uganda. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2008; 6:108. [PMID: 19055716 PMCID: PMC2612648 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-6-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SF-8 is a health-related quality of life instrument that could provide a useful means of assessing general physical and mental health amongst populations affected by conflict. The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the SF-8 with a conflict-affected population in northern Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional multi-staged, random cluster survey was conducted with 1206 adults in camps for internally displaced persons in Gulu and Amuru districts of northern Uganda. Data quality was assessed by analysing the number of incomplete responses to SF-8 items. Response distribution was analysed using aggregate endorsement frequency. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a separate smaller survey using the intraclass correlation test. Construct validity was measured using principal component analysis, and the Pearson Correlation test for item-summary score correlation and inter-instrument correlations. Known groups validity was assessed using a two sample t-test to evaluates the ability of the SF-8 to discriminate between groups known to have, and not have, physical and mental health problems. RESULTS The SF-8 showed excellent data quality. It showed acceptable item response distribution based upon analysis of aggregate endorsement frequencies. Test-retest showed a good intraclass correlation of 0.61 for PCS and 0.68 for MCS. The principal component analysis indicated strong construct validity and concurred with the results of the validity tests by the SF-8 developers. The SF-8 also showed strong construct validity between the 8 items and PCS and MCS summary score, moderate inter-instrument validity, and strong known groups validity. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence on the reliability and validity of the SF-8 amongst IDPs in northern Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayard Roberts
- Conflict and Health Programme, Health Policy Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - John Browne
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | | | - Thomas Oyok
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Egbert Sondorp
- Conflict and Health Programme, Health Policy Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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Roberts B, Felix Ocaka K, Browne J, Oyok T, Sondorp E. Factors associated with the health status of internally displaced persons in northern Uganda. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008; 63:227-32. [PMID: 19028730 PMCID: PMC2635937 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2008.076356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Globally, there are over 24 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) who have fled their homes due to violence and insecurity but who remain within their own country. There have been up to 2 million IDPs in northern Uganda alone. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with mental and physical health status of IDPs in northern Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2006 in IDP camps in the Gulu and Amuru districts of northern Uganda. The study outcome of physical and mental health was measured using the SF-8 instrument, which produces physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary measures. Independent demographic, socio-economic, and trauma exposure (using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire) variables were also measured. Multivariate regression linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate associations of the independent variables on the PCS and MCS outcomes. Results: 1206 interviews were completed. The respective mean PCS and MCS scores were 42.2 (95% CI 41.32 to 43.10) and 39.3 (95% CI 38.42 to 40.13), well below the instrument norm of 50, indicating poor health. Variables with negative associations with physical or mental health included gender, age, marital status, income, distance of camp from home areas, food security, soap availability, and sense of safety in the camp. A number of individual trauma variables and the frequency of trauma exposure also had negative associations with physical and mental health. Conclusions: This study provides evidence on the impact on health of deprivation of basic goods and services, traumatic events, and fear and uncertainty amongst displaced and crisis affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Roberts
- Conflict and Health Programme, Health Policy Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
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Ravens-Sieberer U, Erhart M, Wetzel R, Krügel A, Brambosch A. Phone respondents reported less mental health problems whereas mail interviewee gave higher physical health ratings. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61:1056-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ogawa H, Itokazu M, Ito Y, Matsumoto K, Takigami I. Quality of life evaluated by Short Form-8 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were receiving infusion of infliximab. Mod Rheumatol 2008; 19:27-32. [PMID: 18712459 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-008-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, influences of infliximab to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and active status of RA were assessed. Between 2003 and 2006, 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) began receiving infusion of infliximab. Of all the patients, 17 patients who were followed for at least 30 weeks (102 weeks at maximum) after the start of infliximab were included in this study. The mean age was 54.6+/-10 years. HRQOL was evaluated with use of the SF-8trade mark, which is a simple version of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36. As an index of active status of RA, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF) were collected. CRP and ESR significantly improved at the final follow-up, but RF did not. All subscales of the SF-8 were significantly improved after the start of infliximab. However, there were three patients whose laboratory data were improved, but HRQOL was not. We should not be prepossessed only with laboratory data in treating patients with RA. We recommend that the SF-8 to evaluate HRQOL of patients with RA in busy outpatient clinics because it is both simple and convenient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, and Hirano General Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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Haefeli M, Elfering A, McIntosh E, Gray A, Sukthankar A, Boos N. A cost-benefit analysis using contingent valuation techniques: a feasibility study in spinal surgery. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2008; 11:575-588. [PMID: 18179657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To carry out a pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of the contingent valuation (CV) approach to identify net benefits gained from spinal interventions; and to conduct a formal cost-benefit analysis (CBA) using a retrospective study design. The study design is a CBA feasibility study using a CV survey with ex post willingness-to-pay/willingness-to-accept (WTP/WTA) questions. The CBA study was carried out in the specialty of spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although increasing data are gathered on the societal costs of low back pain, little information is available on how patients "value" the benefits of surgery or whether interventions in this area are indeed cost-beneficial. CV surveys are used in CBA to elicit the consumer's monetary valuations for program benefits. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 115 patients after lumbar fusion, discectomy, or decompression were asked to respond to an ex post questionnaire on their WTP/WTA for their respective intervention. Additional questions addressed socio-demographics, household income, and clinical outcome. WTP/WTA was related to the actual intervention costs and clinical outcome. The WTP and cost data were then combined within a formal CBA framework with associated 95% confidence intervals generated using bootstrapping methods. RESULTS The response rate was 91.3% (n = 105). 89.5% were satisfied/very satisfied with the treatment. 76.2% found the result of the operation was good/excellent and 75.7% would choose the operation for a given hypothetical intervention cost. Mean stated WTP was 20% lower than the actual operation costs (not known to respondents) for spinal fusion, although it was 37% higher for discectomy and 10% higher for decompression. The individuals' financial situation was the strongest predictor for WTP. Pain improvement, present pain, duration of hospitalization, and estimated intervention costs were significant independent predictors in the expected direction for the WTP, having controlled for socio-demographic and financial confounding variables. CONCLUSION This study explored the feasibility of the CV approach for spinal interventions. The approach produced results suggesting positive net benefits with their associated levels of variability for discectomy and decompression, indicating that such surgery is cost-beneficial within a CBA framework, but this conclusion is not supported in the case of spinal fusion. Nevertheless, to improve reliability of the net-benefit estimates for these interventions, we recommend further studies comparing in particular ex ante and ex post WTP methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Haefeli
- Centre for Spinal Surgery, University of Zurich, Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
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Buchanan RJ, Zhu L, Schiffer R, Radin D, James W. RuralUrban Analyses of Health-Related Quality of Life Among People With Multiple Sclerosis. J Rural Health 2008; 24:244-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Campbell R, Cooper GS, Gilkeson GS. Two aspects of the clinical and humanistic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus: mortality risk and quality of life early in the course of disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 59:458-64. [PMID: 18383420 DOI: 10.1002/art.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate mortality risk and predictors among recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. METHODS The vital status of 265 SLE patients and 355 controls enrolled in the Carolina Lupus Study (median time since diagnosis 13 months) was determined approximately 5 years after enrollment. We also assessed the utility of an 8-item quality of life instrument, derived from the standard 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, as an additional measure of disease impact. RESULTS Five years after diagnosis, 9.7% of patients compared with 0.3% of controls had died (P < 0.0001). Increased mortality risk was seen among older patients (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01-1.06 per 1-year increment in age) and among men, African Americans, patients with lupus nephritis, and patients with anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (adjusted HR approximately 2.0 for each of these factors). In addition, patients who did not provide a blood sample at study enrollment experienced increased mortality risk (age-, sex-, and race-adjusted HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5-9.1). Similar results were seen in analyses limited to time from study enrollment. Physical component scores of the quality of life measure were 7.7 points lower (P < 0.0001) and mental component scores were 1.8 points lower (P = 0.07) in patients compared with controls. CONCLUSION The mortality risk among SLE patients is significant, particularly among African Americans, even early in the disease process and even with currently available treatments. Differences between cases and controls in health-related quality of life using the Short Form 8 also demonstrate the multidimensional burden of SLE.
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Tokuda Y, Ohde S, Takahashi O, Shakudo M, Yanai H, Shimbo T, Fukuhara S, Hinohara S, Fukui T. Relationships between working status and health or health-care utilization among Japanese elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2008; 8:32-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2008.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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227
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Yamazaki S, Fukuhara S, Green J, Takahashi O, Shimbo T, Endo H, Hinohara S, Fukui T. Headache, Mental Health, and Use of Medical Resources: Health Diary Study in Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.54.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
| | | | - Joseph Green
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo
| | | | - Takuro Shimbo
- Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan
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228
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Tokuda Y, Ohde S, Takahashi O, Shakudo M, Yanai H, Shimbo T, Fukuhara S, Hinohara S, Fukui T. Prospective health diary study for new onset chest symptoms in the Japanese general population. Intern Med 2008; 47:25-31. [PMID: 18176001 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to analyze the incidence of new onset chest symptoms for the period of a month and to evaluate the possible association of these chest symptoms with demographic, socioeconomic or clinical characteristics. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study using a self-reported health diary among subjects without baseline chest diseases. SETTING A nationally representative sample of households in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Of a total 3,568 subjects from the study recruitment sample, 3,477 participants completed the diary; of these, 127 participants with active chest diseases at baseline were excluded and the remaining 3,350 participants were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The mean number of episodes of chest symptoms was 1.19 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.0-2.0 and the incidence was 21% (95% CI, 10-30%). Cough was the most frequent chest symptom with the mean number of episodes of 1.14 and the prevalence of 20%. Chest pain, dyspnea, palpitation, and wheezing were identified in less than 1%. Associated factors for cough were younger age, unemployment, and poor physical quality of life. Associated factors for chest pain included older age, living in smaller cities, unemployment, higher educational attainment, and poor physical and mental quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Chest symptoms are common in the Japanese general population. Cough is the most frequent symptom, followed by chest pain. Younger age, unemployment, and poor physical quality of life are significantly associated with cough.
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229
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Improvements in short-form measures of health status: Introduction to a series. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bost JE, Williams BA, Bottegal MT, Dang Q, Rubio DM. The 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey and the Physical Comfort Composite Score of the Quality of Recovery 40-Item Scale Provide the Most Responsive Assessments of Pain, Physical Function, and Mental Function During the First 4 Days After Ambulatory Knee Surgery with Regional Anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2007; 105:1693-700, table of contents. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000287659.14893.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Becker J, Schwartz C, Saris-Baglama RN, Kosinski M, Bjorner JB. Using Item Response Theory (IRT) for Developing and Evaluating the Pain Impact Questionnaire (PIQ-6™). PAIN MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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232
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Ohde S, Tokuda Y, Takahashi O, Yanai H, Hinohara S, Fukui T. Dysmenorrhea among Japanese women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 100:13-7. [PMID: 17888923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiology of dysmenorrhea in Japanese women of menstrual age. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted using a health diary in a sample representative of Japanese women. Information on health care use was also collected. RESULTS Among 823 enrolled participants (age range, 18-51 years), dysmenorrhea (mean duration 1.75 days; range 1-5 days) was reported in 15.8% (95% CI, 13.3-18.3) during the 1-month study period. Common associated symptoms included headache (10.77%), back pain (6.92%), and fatigue (5.38%). No participant with dysmenorrhea visited a physician, while 51.5% of the women used self-medication, and 7.7% used complementary/alternative medicine. CONCLUSION Dysmenorrhea is common in Japanese women. In our study, about half used self-medication, while some preferred complementary/alternative medicine. Dysmenorrhea is significantly associated with younger age and employment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohde
- Clinical Practice Evaluation and Research Center, St Luke's Life Science Institute, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wedding U, Pientka L, Höffken K. Quality-of-life in elderly patients with cancer: a short review. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:2203-10. [PMID: 17662595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolongation of survival and maintenance or improvement of health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) are the two important goals within the treatment of individual patients. Due to the severity of symptoms and the toxicity of treatment, HRQoL has become a major area of concern when treating cancer patients in general and elderly patients in particular. PATIENTS AND METHODS We present a literature review of HRQoL aspects in elderly patients with cancer and especially address the topic whether impairments in the different tools of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) are associated with decreased HRQoL in elderly cancer patients. RESULTS Elderly cancer patients tend to weight their HRQoL as more important than gain in survival, when compared to younger patients. An age-dependent decrease in different scales of HRQoL is reported in patients and normative samples. HRQoL is also a predictor of survival. The variation of HRQoL can be used in trials comparing different treatment options. In individual patients, regular measurement of HRQoL aims to improve patients-centred care. Age related impairments of different areas of CGA are associated with decreased HRQoL in elderly cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS HRQoL is an important outcome with elderly cancer patients and should be assessed regularly and thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wedding
- Internal Medicine Clinic II - Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Friedrich Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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Kocalevent RD, Levenstein S, Fliege H, Schmid G, Hinz A, Brähler E, Klapp BF. Contribution to the construct validity of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire from a population-based survey. J Psychosom Res 2007; 63:71-81. [PMID: 17586340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Detailed evidence for the construct validity of stress questionnaires has been repeatedly demanded. This study aimed to investigate the construct validity of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) in the context of a transactional view of stress. METHODS The examination was based on the PSQ and on standardized quality of life and personality questionnaires. The analyses focused on structural equation modeling. A total of 2552 subjects from a population-based survey were studied. RESULTS A transactional model fitted the data. Personality aspects and resources contribute to the total perceived stress. Yet the physical aspects of quality of life receive a comparatively low weighting. The prevalence of perceived stress at a moderate level was estimated to be 14.5%, lowest in the age group>75 years and highest in the 35- to 54-year age group. The prevalence of high stress was 3.1%. The total PSQ-30 score of the general population was 0.30 (S.D.=0.15), slightly higher in women than in men. CONCLUSION We consider the PSQ as a valid instrument for recording subjective perceived stress in the context of a transactional view of stress. The present broad and international database suggests that it needs further investigation in terms of transcultural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüya-Daniela Kocalevent
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charité Berlin University, Berlin, Germany.
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235
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Tokuda Y, Ohde S, Takahashi O, Shakudo M, Yanai H, Shimbo T, Fukuhara S, Hinohara S, Fukui T. Musculoskeletal pain in Japan: prospective health diary study. Rheumatol Int 2007; 28:7-14. [PMID: 17564715 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-007-0368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand musculoskeletal pain events and the use of health care services, including complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Japan. We conducted a prospective cohort study for a 1-month period using a health diary in a random sample of adults. Of the 2,226 adults, 1,065 (48%) reported new musculoskeletal pain events. The mean number of events was 3.6 in 1 month. Back, neck and knee pain were among the most frequent. The episodes of various musculoskeletal pain events was different by gender, age, city size of living, income, job status, education, body mass index, and baseline quality of life. The individuals with musculoskeletal pain were more likely to use CAM than to visit physicians. Musculoskeletal pain is very common and the individuals with musculoskeletal pain are more likely to use CAM than to visit physicians in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Tokuda
- Clinical Practice Evaluation and Research Center, St. Luke's Life Science Institute, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-city, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan.
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Mosen DM, Schmittdiel J, Hibbard J, Sobel D, Remmers C, Bellows J. Is patient activation associated with outcomes of care for adults with chronic conditions? J Ambul Care Manage 2007; 30:21-9. [PMID: 17170635 DOI: 10.1097/00004479-200701000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the patient activation measure's (PAM's) association with process and health outcomes among adults with chronic conditions. Patients with high PAM scores were significantly more likely to perform self-management behaviors, use self-management services, and report high medication adherence, compared to patients with the lowest PAM scores. This population was 10 times more likely to report high patient-satisfaction scores, 5 times more likely to report high quality-of-life scores, and reported significantly higher physical and mental functional status scores, compared to those with the lowest scores. These results suggest that PAM scores are associated with key process and health outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Mosen
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR 97227-1110, USA.
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Brandsted R, Sindwani R. Impact of depression on disease-specific symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 21:50-4. [PMID: 17283561 DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2007.21.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with increased symptom burden in the setting of chronic medical conditions. Studies investigating the influence of depression on the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are lacking. The purpose of this project was to establish the prevalence of depression in patients with CRS and to explore the impact of this disorder on disease-specific symptoms and general quality of life (QOL) in the preoperative and postoperative setting. METHODS We reviewed the records of 320 consecutive patients presenting with sinonasal symptoms to our specialty sinus clinic. Patients with CRS were evaluated by nasal endoscopy, CT imaging, and validated questionnaires including the Chronic Sinusitis Survey and SF-8 Health Survey, a QOL measurement. Findings in CRS patients with depression were compared with a matched-control group of CRS patients without depression before and after endoscopic sinus surgery. RESULTS Overall, 26% of patients presenting with sinonasal symptoms had a diagnosis of depression. After evaluation including CT imaging, 33% of the initial population was diagnosed with CRS. The prevalence of depression in these CRS patients was 25%. Disease-specific symptoms were similar between groups; however, depressed CRS patients reported significantly worse pain and energy level and difficulty with daily activities (p < 0.050) when compared with a control group of CRS patients without depression. Postoperatively, nondepressed patients showed a marked improvement in disease-specific as well as general QOL scores (p < 0.050), whereas depressed patients did not. CONCLUSION CRS patients with and without depression have similarly poor disease-specific symptoms. However, depressed CRS patients have poorer disease-specific and overall QOL outcomes after sinus surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brandsted
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Tokuda Y, Takahashi O, Ohde S, Shakudo M, Yanai H, Shimbo T, Fukuhara S, Hinohara S, Fukui T. Gastrointestinal symptoms in a Japanese population: A health diary study. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:572-8. [PMID: 17278223 PMCID: PMC4065979 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i4.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the nature of consequent utilization of health care services in a Japanese population.
METHODS: Using self-report, we conducted a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample of the Japanese population over a one-month period to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms of all kinds and resultant health care utilization. Both information on visits to physicians and use of complementary and alternative medicine therapies were collected.
RESULTS: From a total of 3568 in the recruitment sample, 3477 participants completed a health diary (response rate 97%). The data of 112 participants with baseline active gastrointestinal diseases were excluded from the analysis, leaving 3365 participants in the study. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was 25% and the mean number of symptomatic episodes was 0.66 in a month. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, constipation and dyspepsia were the most frequent symptoms. Female gender, younger age, and low baseline quality of life were risk factors for developing these symptoms. The participants were more likely to treat themselves, using dietary, complementary or alternative medicines, than to visit physicians, except in the case of vomiting.
CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in the Japanese population, with an incidence of 25%. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, constipation and dyspepsia are the most frequent symptoms. Risk factors for developing these symptoms include female gender, younger age, and low baseline quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Tokuda
- Clinical Practice Evaluation and Research Center, St. Luke's Life Science Institute, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan.
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239
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Mussack T, Ladurner R, Vogel T, Lienemann A, Eder-Willwohl A, Hallfeldt KK. Health-related quality-of-life changes after laparoscopic and open incisional hernia repair. Surg Endosc 2006; 20:410-3. [PMID: 16424985 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-005-0440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this matched control study in patients suffering from incisional hernia was to compare laparoscopic open repair (LHR) with open hernia repair (OHR) in terms of long-term health-related quality of life (HRQL) according to the SF-36 Health Survey. METHODS Twenty-four consecutive patients (18 male, six female; mean age, 55 years) prospectively underwent LHR using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene mesh. The second group, which was matched for age and gender, was subjected to OHR using large pore-sized, low-weight polypropylene meshes. Before and after surgery, HRQL was assessed by the SF-36 Health Survey, which measures eight different health-quality domains, and the SF-36 Physical (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) score. The SF-36 values were compared to the scores of age-stratified German population controls. RESULTS The patients were reevaluated 16 months (range, 12-25) after LHR and 28 months (range, 18-52) after OHR, respectively. Before surgery, all of the eight health-quality domains as well as the PCS and MCS scores of both study groups were significantly lower than the corresponding scores of the age-stratified healthy German population. However, the OHR patients had significantly higher physical functioning and vitality scores than the LHR patients. After LHR and OHR, the scores for all eight SF-36 domains significantly increased but were still lower than those of the controls. The LHR patients were still worse than the norm population on both PCS and MCS scores, whereas OHR patients were worse only on PCS but not on MCS. In the long-term follow-up, none of the SF-36 Health Survey domains or the PCS and the MCS scores revealed significant differences between LHR and OHR patients. CONCLUSIONS LHR was not different from OHR for selected indications that measure long-term outcome and HRQL. SF-36 appears to be an appropriate instrument to measure postoperative HRQL, showing responsiveness to changes in objective outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mussack
- Department of Surgery Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Nussbaumstrasse 20, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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240
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Ellert U, Lampert T, Ravens-Sieberer U. Messung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität mit dem SF-8. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2005; 48:1330-7. [PMID: 16270186 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-005-1168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The SF-8, a relatively new instrument for measuring health-related quality of life, was used in the German National Telephone Health Survey 2003. The SF-8 provides results which are comparable to those of the SF-36, the instrument most commonly used internationally. The German National Telephone Health Survey provides nationally representative data for the residential population in Germany aged 18 and older. In addition to the measurement of health-related quality of life, comprehensive information on chronic illnesses and complaints, health care needs, utilisation of health care, risk factors, risk behaviour and social status is also collected, making differentiated analyses possible. According to the data collected, men rate their quality of life in all dimensions higher than women. With increasing age, quality of life for both men and women decreases in the physical dimensions, while increasing in the mental health dimensions. Apart from chronic disease and pain having a negative impact on health-related quality of life, social differences are also observable, in that worse health-related quality of life is reported by respondents with lower socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ellert
- Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany.
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241
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Erhart M, Wetzel R, Krügel A, Ravens-Sieberer U. [Assessment of health-related quality of life with the German SF-8. A comparison of telephone and postal survey modes]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2005; 48:1322-9. [PMID: 16261299 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-005-1165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Within a comprehensive comparison of telephone and postal survey methods the SF-8 was applied to assess adult's health-related quality of life. The 1690 subjects were randomly assigned to a telephone survey and a postal survey. Comparisons across the different modes of administration addressed the response rates, central tendency, deviation, ceiling and floor effects observed in the SF-8 scores as well as the inter-item correlation. The importance of age and gender as moderating factors was investigated. Results indicate no or small statistically significant differences in the responses to the SF-8 depending on the actual mode of administration and the health aspect questioned. It was concluded that further investigations should focus on the exact nature of these deviations and try to generate correction factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erhart
- Forschungsgruppe Psychosoziale Gesundheit, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
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242
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Lipton RB, Goldstein J, Baggish JS, Yataco AR, Sorrentino JV, Quiring JN. Aspirin is efficacious for the treatment of acute migraine. Headache 2005; 45:283-92. [PMID: 15836564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of migraine sufferers rely on over-the-counter medications for the treatment of migraine. Along with other over-the-counter products, aspirin is considered by the US Headache Consortium to be an option for first-line migraine treatment. This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of aspirin versus placebo for the acute treatment of a single acute attack of migraine. METHODS This prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of a single, 1000-mg dose of aspirin for the treatment of acute moderate to severe migraine, with or without aura. Subjects recorded all study evaluations in a diary at baseline and at .5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hours after treatment. Pain was rated on a 4-point ordinal scale from no pain to severe pain. The primary efficacy end point was headache response at 2 hours. Secondary efficacy parameters included reduction of nausea, photophobia and phonophobia, pain intensity difference, and headache recurrence at 24 hours. RESULTS Of 485 subjects enrolled, 409 took study medication and 401 treated a confirmed migraine attack (201 with aspirin and 200 with placebo). Baseline demographic and migraine characteristics were not significantly different between groups. The 2-hour headache response rate was 52% with aspirin versus 34% with placebo (P<.001). Aspirin was significantly more effective than placebo for pain reduction beginning 1 hour after dosing (P<.001) and continuing throughout the 6-hour evaluation period. Significantly (P<.05), more subjects were pain free from the 1-hour evaluation through the 6-hour evaluation. Of the aspirin-treated subjects, 20% were pain free at 2 hours versus only 6% of placebo-treated subjects. At 24 hours, the headache recurrence rate was 21.8% for aspirin (23 of 105 subjects) and 27.7% for placebo (19 of 68 subjects). Only 34% of aspirin-treated subjects needed rescue medication at 24 hours compared with 52% of placebo-treated subjects (P<.001). Aspirin was well tolerated, and adverse events were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that aspirin is safe and effective for treatment of acute migraine in appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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243
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Shanafelt TD, West C, Zhao X, Novotny P, Kolars J, Habermann T, Sloan J. Relationship between increased personal well-being and enhanced empathy among internal medicine residents. J Gen Intern Med 2005; 20:559-64. [PMID: 16050855 PMCID: PMC1490167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While resident distress and its potential to negatively effect patient care have been well documented, little is known bout resident well-being or its potential to enhance care. OBJECTIVE We measured resident well-being and explored its relationship with empathy. DESIGN Anonymous, cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS Internal medicine residents at Mayo Clinic Rochester (n=165, summer 2003). MEASUREMENTS Well-being was measured using the previously validated Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short Form (SF-8). Empathy was measured using the previously validated Perspective Taking (PT) and Empathetic Concerns (EC) Sub-scales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). RESULTS Eighty-three (50%) residents responded to the survey. Mean scores for well-being as measured by the SF-8 were comparable to the general population, and empathy scores on the IRI were similar to other resident samples. Resident empathy on both the cognitive (PT) and emotive (EC) sub-scales of the IRI was higher for residents with higher mental well-being on the SF-8; however, this difference was statistically significant only for the cognitive sub-scale. The importance of a number of personal wellness promotion strategies differed for residents with higher mental well-being on the SF-8. CONCLUSIONS High mental well-being was associated with enhanced resident empathy in this cross-sectional survey. Future studies need to explore the potential for high resident well-being to enhance medical care and competency in addition to exploring the negative consequences of resident distress. Studies investigating how to promote resident well-being are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tait D Shanafelt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA.
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244
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Shanafelt TD, West C, Zhao X, Novotny P, Kolars J, Habermann T, Sloan J. Relationship between increased personal well-being and enhanced empathy among. J Gen Intern Med 2005. [PMID: 16050855 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-005-0102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tait D Shanafelt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA.
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Lefante JJ, Harmon GN, Ashby KM, Barnard D, Webber LS. Use of the SF-8 to assess health-related quality of life for a chronically ill, low-income population participating in the Central Louisiana Medication Access Program (CMAP). Qual Life Res 2005; 14:665-73. [PMID: 16022060 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-004-0784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The utility of the SF-8 for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQL) is demonstrated. Race and gender differences in physical component (PCS) and mental component (MCS) summary scores among participants in the CENLA Medication Access Program (CMAP), along with comparisons to the United States population are made. METHODS Age-adjusted multiple linear regression analyses were used to compare 1687 CMAP participants to the US population. Internal race and gender comparisons, adjusting for age and the number of self reported diagnoses, were also obtained. The paired t-test was used to assess 6-month change in PCS and MCS scores for a subset of 342 participants. RESULTS CMAP participants have PCS and MCS scores that are significantly 10-12 points lower than the US population, indicating lower self-reported HRQL. Females have significantly higher PCS and significantly lower MCS than males. African-Americans have significantly higher MCS than Caucasians. Significant increases in both PCS and MCS were observed for the subset of participants after 6 months of intervention. CONCLUSIONS The expected lower baseline PCS and MCS measures and the expected associations with age and number of diagnoses indicate that the SF-8 survey is an effective tool for measuring the HRQL of participants in this program. Preliminary results indicate significant increases in both PCS and MCS 6 months after intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Lefante
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Callahan CD, Young PL, Barisa MT. Using the SF-36 for longitudinal outcomes measurement in rehabilitation. Rehabil Psychol 2005. [DOI: 10.1037/0090-5550.50.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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