201
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Zhou J, Li A, Li X, Yi J. Dysregulated mitochondrial Ca 2+ and ROS signaling in skeletal muscle of ALS mouse model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:249-258. [PMID: 30682329 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neuromuscular disease characterized by motor neuron loss and prominent skeletal muscle wasting. Despite more than one hundred years of research efforts, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuromuscular degeneration in ALS remain elusive. While the death of motor neuron is a defining hallmark of ALS, accumulated evidences suggested that in addition to being a victim of motor neuron axonal withdrawal, the intrinsic skeletal muscle degeneration may also actively contribute to ALS disease pathogenesis and progression. Examination of spinal cord and muscle autopsy/biopsy samples of ALS patients revealed similar mitochondrial abnormalities in morphology, quantity and disposition, which are accompanied by defective mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and elevated oxidative stress. Detailing the molecular/cellular mechanisms and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS relies on ALS animal model studies. This review article discusses the dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling revealed in live skeletal muscle derived from ALS mouse models, and a potential role of the vicious cycle formed between the dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and excessive ROS production in promoting muscle wasting during ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhou
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Ang Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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202
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Altered interplay between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2328-2337. [PMID: 30659145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810932116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MFN2 gene encoding Mitofusin 2 lead to the development of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), a dominant axonal form of peripheral neuropathy. Mitofusin 2 is localized at both the outer membrane of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and is particularly enriched at specialized contact regions known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM). We observed that expression of MFN2R94Q induces distal axonal degeneration in the absence of overt neuronal death. The presence of mutant protein leads to reduction in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria contacts in CMT2A patient-derived fibroblasts, in primary neurons and in vivo, in motoneurons of a mouse model of CMT2A. These changes are concomitant with endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium handling defects, and changes in the geometry and axonal transport of mitochondria. Importantly, pharmacological treatments reinforcing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk, or reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, restore the mitochondria morphology and prevent axonal degeneration. These results highlight defects in MAM as a cellular mechanism contributing to CMT2A pathology mediated by mutated MFN2.
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203
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Abstract
Mitochondria undergo frequent fusion and fission events to adapt their morphology to cellular needs. Homotypic docking and fusion of outer mitochondrial membranes are controlled by Mitofusins, a set of large membrane-anchored GTPase proteins belonging to the dynamin superfamily. Mitofusins include, in addition to their GTPase and transmembrane domains, two heptad repeat domains, HR1 and HR2. All four regions are crucial for Mitofusin function, but their precise contribution to mitochondrial docking and fusion events has remained elusive until very recently. In this commentary, we first give an overview of the established strategies employed by various protein machineries distinct from Mitofusins to mediate membrane fusion. We then present recent structure–function data on Mitofusins that provide important novel insights into their mode of action in mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael M Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Paris, France
| | - David Tareste
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM ERL U950, Trafic Membranaire dans le Cerveau Normal et Pathologique, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 894, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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204
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Wu CH, Silvers CR, Messing EM, Lee YF. Bladder cancer extracellular vesicles drive tumorigenesis by inducing the unfolded protein response in endoplasmic reticulum of nonmalignant cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3207-3218. [PMID: 30593508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field cancerization effect has been proposed to explain bladder cancer's multifocal and recurrent nature, yet the mechanisms of this effect remain unknown. In this work, using cell biology, flow cytometry, and qPCR analyses, along with a xenograft mouse tumor model, we show that chronic exposure to tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) results in the neoplastic transformation of nonmalignant human SV-HUC urothelial cells. Inhibition of EV uptake prevented this transformation. Transformed cells not only possessed several oncogenic properties, such as increased genome instability, loss of cell-cell contact inhibition, and invasiveness, but also displayed altered morphology and cell structures, such as an enlarged cytoplasm with disrupted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) alignment and the accumulation of smaller mitochondria. Exposure of SV-HUC cells to TEVs provoked the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). Prolonged induction of UPRER signaling activated the survival branch of the UPRER pathway, in which cells had elevated expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), NF-κB, and the inflammatory cytokine leptin, and incurred loss of the pro-apoptotic protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). More importantly, inhibition of ER stress by docosahexaenoic acid prevented TEV-induced transformation. We propose that TEVs promote malignant transformation of predisposed cells by inhibiting pro-apoptotic signals and activating tumor-promoting ER stress-induced unfolded protein response and inflammation. This study provides detailed insight into the mechanisms underlying the bladder cancer field effect and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Wu
- From the Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and
| | | | - Edward M Messing
- Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Yi-Fen Lee
- From the Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and .,Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
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205
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Wu S, Zou MH. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in the heart. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:201-212. [PMID: 30571967 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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206
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Saito A, Imaizumi K. Unfolded Protein Response-Dependent Communication and Contact among Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, and Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103215. [PMID: 30340324 PMCID: PMC6213962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be impaired by changes to the extra- and intracellular environment, such as disruption of calcium homeostasis, expression of mutated proteins, and oxidative stress. In response to disruptions to ER homeostasis, eukaryotic cells activate canonical branches of signal transduction cascades, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR functions to remove or recover the activity of misfolded proteins that accumulated in the ER and to avoid irreversible cellular damage. Additionally, the UPR plays unique physiological roles in the regulation of diverse cellular events, including cell differentiation and development and lipid biosynthesis. Recent studies have shown that these important cellular events are also regulated by contact and communication among organelles. These reports suggest strong involvement among the UPR, organelle communication, and regulation of cellular homeostasis. However, the precise mechanisms for the formation of contact sites and the regulation of ER dynamics by the UPR remain unresolved. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how the UPR regulates morphological changes to the ER and the formation of contact sites between the ER and other organelles. We also review how UPR-dependent connections between the ER and other organelles affect cellular and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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207
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Abstract
Mitochondria undergo continuous challenges in the course of their life, from their generation to their degradation. These challenges include the management of reactive oxygen species, the proper assembly of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and the need to balance potential mutations in the mitochondrial DNA. The detection of damage and the ability to keep it under control is critical to fine-tune mitochondrial function to the organismal energy needs. In this review, we will analyze the multiple mechanisms that safeguard mitochondrial function in light of in crescendo damage. This sequence of events will include initial defense against excessive reactive oxygen species production, compensation mechanisms by the unfolded protein response (UPRmt), mitochondrial dynamics and elimination by mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Valera-Alberni
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne.,School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne.,School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne
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208
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Almanza A, Carlesso A, Chintha C, Creedican S, Doultsinos D, Leuzzi B, Luís A, McCarthy N, Montibeller L, More S, Papaioannou A, Püschel F, Sassano ML, Skoko J, Agostinis P, de Belleroche J, Eriksson LA, Fulda S, Gorman AM, Healy S, Kozlov A, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Rehm M, Chevet E, Samali A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling - from basic mechanisms to clinical applications. FEBS J 2018; 286:241-278. [PMID: 30027602 PMCID: PMC7379631 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous intracellular organelle and the first compartment of the secretory pathway. As such, the ER contributes to the production and folding of approximately one‐third of cellular proteins, and is thus inextricably linked to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the fine balance between health and disease. Specific ER stress signalling pathways, collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), are required for maintaining ER homeostasis. The UPR is triggered when ER protein folding capacity is overwhelmed by cellular demand and the UPR initially aims to restore ER homeostasis and normal cellular functions. However, if this fails, then the UPR triggers cell death. In this review, we provide a UPR signalling‐centric view of ER functions, from the ER's discovery to the latest advancements in the understanding of ER and UPR biology. Our review provides a synthesis of intracellular ER signalling revolving around proteostasis and the UPR, its impact on other organelles and cellular behaviour, its multifaceted and dynamic response to stress and its role in physiology, before finally exploring the potential exploitation of this knowledge to tackle unresolved biological questions and address unmet biomedical needs. Thus, we provide an integrated and global view of existing literature on ER signalling pathways and their use for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Almanza
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonio Carlesso
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Chetan Chintha
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Dimitrios Doultsinos
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Brian Leuzzi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andreia Luís
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole McCarthy
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luigi Montibeller
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sanket More
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Death and Therapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Franziska Püschel
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Death and Therapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josip Skoko
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Death and Therapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jackie de Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandra Healy
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrey Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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209
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Chun SK, Lee S, Flores-Toro J, U RY, Yang MJ, Go KL, Biel TG, Miney CE, Pierre Louis S, Law BK, Law ME, Thomas EM, Behrns KE, Leeuwenburgh C, Kim JS. Loss of sirtuin 1 and mitofusin 2 contributes to enhanced ischemia/reperfusion injury in aged livers. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12761. [PMID: 29774638 PMCID: PMC6052398 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a causative factor contributing to morbidity and mortality during liver resection and transplantation. Livers from elderly patients have a poorer recovery from these surgeries, indicating reduced reparative capacity with aging. Mechanisms underlying this age‐mediated hypersensitivity to I/R injury remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated how sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) are affected by I/R in aged livers. Young (3 months) and old (23–26 months) male C57/BL6 mice were subjected to hepatic I/R in vivo. Primary hepatocytes isolated from each age group were also exposed to simulated in vitro I/R. Biochemical, genetic, and imaging analyses were performed to assess cell death, autophagy flux, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function. Compared to young mice, old livers showed accelerated liver injury following mild I/R. Reperfusion of old hepatocytes also showed necrosis, accompanied with defective autophagy, onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochemical analysis indicated a near‐complete loss of both SIRT1 and MFN2 after I/R in old hepatocytes, which did not occur in young cells. Overexpression of either SIRT1 or MFN2 alone in old hepatocytes failed to mitigate I/R injury, while co‐overexpression of both proteins promoted autophagy and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death after reperfusion. Genetic approaches with deletion and point mutants revealed that SIRT1 deacetylated K655 and K662 residues in the C‐terminus of MFN2, leading to autophagy activation. The SIRT1‐MFN2 axis is pivotal during I/R recovery and may be a novel therapeutic target to reduce I/R injury in aged livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kook Chun
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Surgery; Saint Louis University; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Joseph Flores-Toro
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Rebecca Y. U
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Ming-Jim Yang
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Kristina L. Go
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Thomas G. Biel
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Catherine E. Miney
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Schiley Pierre Louis
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Mary E. Law
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Thomas
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Kevin E. Behrns
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Surgery; Saint Louis University; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Surgery; Saint Louis University; St. Louis MO USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
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210
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Chan SHH, Chan JYH. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to Neurogenic Hypertension. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:308-321. [PMID: 28615314 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00006.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond its primary role as fuel generators, mitochondria are engaged in a variety of cellular processes, including redox homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction, therefore, may have a profound impact on high-energy-demanding organs such as the brain. Here, we review the roles of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, and their associated signaling in cellular redox homeostasis, and illustrate their contributions to the oxidative stress-related neural mechanism of hypertension, focusing on specific brain areas that are involved in the generation or modulation of sympathetic outflows to the cardiovascular system. We also highlight future challenges of research on mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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211
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Tan DQ, Suda T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Homeostasis as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:149-168. [PMID: 28708000 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The precise role and impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stem cells, which are essential for lifelong tissue homeostasis and regeneration, remain of significant interest to the field. The long-term regenerative potential of a stem cell compartment is determined by the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, all of which can be influenced by ROS levels. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the importance of ROS and redox homeostasis in various stem cell compartments, particularly those of hematopoietic, neural, and muscle tissues. In recent years, the importance of proteostasis and mitochondria in relation to stem cell biology and redox homeostasis has garnered considerable interest. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we explore the reciprocal relationship between ROS and stem cells, with significant emphasis on mitochondria as a core component of redox homeostasis. We discuss how redox signaling, involving cell-fate determining protein kinases and transcription factors, can control stem cell function and fate. We also address the impact of oxidative stress on stem cells, especially oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. We further discuss ROS management in stem cells, and present recent evidence supporting the importance of mitochondrial activity and its modulation (via mitochondrial clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, and distribution [i.e., segregation and transfer]) in stem cell redox homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, elucidating the intricate links between mitochondria, cellular metabolism, and redox homeostasis is envisioned to be critical for our understanding of ROS in stem cell biology and its therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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212
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Wang Y, Luo S, Zhang C, Liao X, Liu T, Jiang Z, Liu D, Tan X, Long L, Wang Y, Chen Z, Liu Y, Yang F, Gan Y, Shi C. An NIR-Fluorophore-Based Therapeutic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800475. [PMID: 29961960 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling or unfolded protein response (UPR) is a common feature of many human diseases, including cancer. Excessive activation of ER stress directly induces cell death, holding a new promising strategy for the therapeutic intervention of cancer. Current ER-stress-inducing agents mainly target UPR components or proteasomes, which exert limited treatment efficacy and undesired side effects due to unselective ER stress and poor tumor-specific distribution. In this study, a unique near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, IR-34, is synthesized and identified to selectively and efficiently trigger tumoricidal ER stress by targeting the mitochondrial protein NDUFS1. IR-34 is demonstrated to specifically accumulate in living cancer cells for tumor NIR imaging and drastically inhibit tumor growth and recurrence without causing apparent toxicity. Thus, this multifunctional NIR fluorophore may represent a novel theranostic agent for tumor imaging-guided treatment and also strengthens the idea that mitochondria could be a useful target for therapeutic ER stress in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xingyun Liao
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhongyong Jiang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Long
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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213
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Cantó C. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Shaping Metabolic Adaptation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 340:129-167. [PMID: 30072090 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite their classic bean-shaped depiction, mitochondria have very different aspects in each cell type. From long filamentous structures to punctuated small round organelles. These shapes can dynamically change in response to nutrients and in situations of metabolic disease. However, why do mitochondria adapt different shapes and how is this determined? In this review, we will aim to understand different visions on how metabolic cues influence mitochondrial shape and vice-versa. This response can be dramatically different between tissues and cells, as illustrated by a large array of genetically engineered mouse models reported to date. We will use these models to understand the role of different mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Cantó
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences NIHS, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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214
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Cardenas-Perez RE, Fuentes-Mera L, de la Garza AL, Torre-Villalvazo I, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A, Corona-Castillo JC, Tovar AR, Zambrano E, Ortiz-Lopez R, Saville J, Fuller M, Camacho A. Maternal overnutrition by hypercaloric diets programs hypothalamic mitochondrial fusion and metabolic dysfunction in rat male offspring. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:38. [PMID: 29991958 PMCID: PMC5987395 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal overnutrition including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation promotes a lipotoxic insult leading to metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Diet-induced obesity models (DIO) show that changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics modulate metabolic dysfunction. Using three selective diet formula including a High fat diet (HFD), Cafeteria (CAF) and High Sugar Diet (HSD), we hypothesized that maternal diets exposure program leads to selective changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics in male offspring leading to metabolic dysfunction which is exacerbated by a second exposure after weaning. Methods We exposed female Wistar rats to nutritional programming including Chow, HFD, CAF, or HSD for 9 weeks (pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and lactation) or to the same diets to offspring after weaning. We determined body weight, food intake and metabolic parameters in the offspring from 21 to 60 days old. Hypothalamus was dissected at 60 days old to determine mitochondria-ER interaction markers by mRNA expression and western blot and morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial-ER function was analyzed by confocal microscopy using hypothalamic cell line mHypoA-CLU192. Results Maternal programming by HFD and CAF leads to failure in glucose, leptin and insulin sensitivity and fat accumulation. Additionally, HFD and CAF programming promote mitochondrial fusion by increasing the expression of MFN2 and decreasing DRP1, respectively. Further, TEM analysis confirms that CAF exposure after programing leads to an increase in mitochondria fusion and enhanced mitochondrial-ER interaction, which partially correlates with metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in the HFD and CAF groups. Finally, we identified that lipotoxic palmitic acid stimulus in hypothalamic cells increases Ca2+ overload into mitochondria matrix leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions We concluded that maternal programming by HFD induces hypothalamic mitochondria fusion, metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in male offspring, which is exacerbated by HFD or CAF exposure after weaning, potentially due to mitochondria calcium overflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbi E Cardenas-Perez
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,2Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura de la Garza
- 3Centro de Investigacion en Nutricion y Salud Publica, Facultad de Salud Publica y Nutricion, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- 4Departamento Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- 5Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- 6Departmento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- 6Departmento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Armando R Tovar
- 4Departamento Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- 5Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico
| | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- 8Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jennifer Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alberto Camacho
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,2Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,10Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Francisco I Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n. Colonia Mitras Centro, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
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215
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Ye Z, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress as a key mediator of obesity-induced leptin resistance. Obes Rev 2018. [PMID: 29514392 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease that is increasing worldwide and is a major risk factor for many metabolic diseases. However, effective agents for the prevention or treatment of obesity remain limited. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development and progression of obesity and exploit potential agents to cure and prevent this disease. According to a recent study series, obesity is associated with the development of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of its stress responses (unfolded protein response) in metabolically active tissues, which contribute to the development of obesity-related insulin and leptin resistance, inflammation and energy imbalance. Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress is the central mechanism underlying the development of obesity-associated leptin resistance and disruption of energy homeostasis; thus, targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress offers a promising therapeutic strategy for improving leptin sensitivity, increasing energy expenditure and ultimately combating obesity. In this review, we highlight the relationship between and mechanism underlying hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and obesity-associated leptin resistance and energy imbalance and provide new insight regarding strategies for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Su
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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216
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Diogo CV, Yambire KF, Fernández Mosquera L, Branco F T, Raimundo N. Mitochondrial adventures at the organelle society. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:87-93. [PMID: 28456629 PMCID: PMC5930832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are constantly communicating with the rest of the cell. Defects in mitochondria underlie severe pathologies, whose mechanisms remain poorly understood. It is becoming increasingly evident that mitochondrial malfunction resonates in other organelles, perturbing their function and their biogenesis. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge on the cross-talk between mitochondria and other organelles, particularly lysosomes, peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Several organelle interactions are mediated by transcriptional programs, and other signaling mechanisms are likely mediating organelle dysfunction downstream of mitochondrial impairments. Many of these organelle crosstalk pathways are likely to have a role in pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia V Diogo
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institute fur Zellbiochemie, Humboldtallee 23, room 01.423, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - King Faisal Yambire
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institute fur Zellbiochemie, Humboldtallee 23, room 01.423, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; International Max-Planck Research School in Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lorena Fernández Mosquera
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institute fur Zellbiochemie, Humboldtallee 23, room 01.423, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Branco F
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institute fur Zellbiochemie, Humboldtallee 23, room 01.423, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institute fur Zellbiochemie, Humboldtallee 23, room 01.423, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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217
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van Vliet AR, Sassano ML, Agostinis P. The Unfolded Protein Response and Membrane Contact Sites: Tethering as a Matter of Life and Death? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2515256418770512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the most extensive organelle of the eukaryotic cell and constitutes the major site of protein and lipid synthesis and regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. To exert these functions properly, the ER network is shaped in structurally and functionally distinct domains that dynamically remodel in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Moreover, the ER establishes a tight communication with virtually all organelles of the cell through specific subdomains called membrane contact sites. These contact sites allow preferential, nonvesicular channeling of key biological mediators including lipids and Ca2+ between organelles and are harnessed by the ER to interface with and coregulate a variety of organellar functions that are vital to maintain homeostasis. When ER homeostasis is lost, a condition that triggers the activation of an evolutionarily conserved pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ER undergoes rapid remodeling. These dynamic changes in ER morphology are functionally coupled to the modulation or formation of contact sites with key organelles, such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane, which critically regulate cell fate decisions of the ER-stressed cells. Certain components of the UPR have been shown to facilitate the formation of contact sites through various mechanisms including remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we discuss old and emerging evidence linking the UPR machinery to contact site formation in mammalian cells and discuss their important role in cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. van Vliet
- Cell Death Research & Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research & Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
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218
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Ichhaporia VP, Kim J, Kavdia K, Vogel P, Horner L, Frase S, Hendershot LM. SIL1, the endoplasmic-reticulum-localized BiP co-chaperone, plays a crucial role in maintaining skeletal muscle proteostasis and physiology. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.033043. [PMID: 29666155 PMCID: PMC5992605 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SIL1, a cofactor for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Hsp70 chaperone, BiP, cause Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), an autosomal recessive disorder. Using a mouse model, we characterized molecular aspects of the progressive myopathy associated with MSS. Proteomic profiling of quadriceps at the onset of myopathy revealed that SIL1 deficiency affected multiple pathways critical to muscle physiology. We observed an increase in ER chaperones prior to the onset of muscle weakness, which was complemented by upregulation of multiple components of cellular protein degradation pathways. These responses were inadequate to maintain normal expression of secretory pathway proteins, including insulin and IGF-1 receptors. There was a paradoxical enhancement of downstream PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling and glucose uptake in SIL1-disrupted skeletal muscles, all of which were insufficient to maintain skeletal muscle mass. Together, these data reveal a disruption in ER homeostasis upon SIL1 loss, which is countered by multiple compensatory responses that are ultimately unsuccessful, leading to trans-organellar proteostasis collapse and myopathy. Editor's choice: This study provides molecular insights into the progressive myopathy and cellular compensatory responses attempted upon loss of SIL1, a component of the endoplasmic-reticulum-resident Hsp70 protein-folding machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj P Ichhaporia
- Dept of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Dept of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Small Animal Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kanisha Kavdia
- Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Dept of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Linda Horner
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sharon Frase
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- Dept of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA .,Dept of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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219
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Rodríguez-Nuevo A, Díaz-Ramos A, Noguera E, Díaz-Sáez F, Duran X, Muñoz JP, Romero M, Plana N, Sebastián D, Tezze C, Romanello V, Ribas F, Seco J, Planet E, Doctrow SR, González J, Borràs M, Liesa M, Palacín M, Vendrell J, Villarroya F, Sandri M, Shirihai O, Zorzano A. Mitochondrial DNA and TLR9 drive muscle inflammation upon Opa1 deficiency. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201796553. [PMID: 29632021 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Opa1 participates in inner mitochondrial membrane fusion and cristae morphogenesis. Here, we show that muscle-specific Opa1 ablation causes reduced muscle fiber size, dysfunctional mitochondria, enhanced Fgf21, and muscle inflammation characterized by NF-κB activation, and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Chronic sodium salicylate treatment ameliorated muscle alterations and reduced the muscle expression of Fgf21. Muscle inflammation was an early event during the progression of the disease and occurred before macrophage infiltration, indicating that it is a primary response to Opa1 deficiency. Moreover, Opa1 repression in muscle cells also resulted in NF-κB activation and inflammation in the absence of necrosis and/or apoptosis, thereby revealing that the activation is a cell-autonomous process and independent of cell death. The effects of Opa1 deficiency on the expression NF-κB target genes and inflammation were absent upon mitochondrial DNA depletion. Under Opa1 deficiency, blockage or repression of TLR9 prevented NF-κB activation and inflammation. Taken together, our results reveal that Opa1 deficiency in muscle causes initial mitochondrial alterations that lead to TLR9 activation, and inflammation, which contributes to enhanced Fgf21 expression and to growth impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Rodríguez-Nuevo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angels Díaz-Ramos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Noguera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Duran
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-IISPV, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Romero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Plana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francesc Ribas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Seco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan R Doctrow
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Javier González
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology Unit (CERETOX), Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Borràs
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology Unit (CERETOX), Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Liesa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-IISPV, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Orian Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain .,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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220
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Tubbs E, Chanon S, Robert M, Bendridi N, Bidaux G, Chauvin MA, Ji-Cao J, Durand C, Gauvrit-Ramette D, Vidal H, Lefai E, Rieusset J. Disruption of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (MAM) Integrity Contributes to Muscle Insulin Resistance in Mice and Humans. Diabetes 2018; 67:636-650. [PMID: 29326365 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of the interactions between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, defined as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), were recently shown to be involved in the control of hepatic insulin action and glucose homeostasis, but with conflicting results. Whereas skeletal muscle is the primary site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake and the main target for alterations in insulin-resistant states, the relevance of MAM integrity in muscle insulin resistance is unknown. Deciphering the importance of MAMs on muscle insulin signaling could help to clarify this controversy. Here, we show in skeletal muscle of different mice models of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) a marked disruption of ER-mitochondria interactions as an early event preceding mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Furthermore, in human myotubes, palmitate-induced insulin resistance is associated with a reduction of structural and functional ER-mitochondria interactions. Importantly, experimental increase of ER-mitochondria contacts in human myotubes prevents palmitate-induced alterations of insulin signaling and action, whereas disruption of MAM integrity alters the action of the hormone. Lastly, we found an association between altered insulin signaling and ER-mitochondria interactions in human myotubes from obese subjects with or without T2D compared with healthy lean subjects. Collectively, our data reveal a new role of MAM integrity in insulin action of skeletal muscle and highlight MAM disruption as an essential subcellular alteration associated with muscle insulin resistance in mice and humans. Therefore, reduced ER-mitochondria coupling could be a common alteration of several insulin-sensitive tissues playing a key role in altered glucose homeostasis in the context of obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tubbs
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Robert
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Service, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Bendridi
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Chauvin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Jingwei Ji-Cao
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Durand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Daphné Gauvrit-Ramette
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Service, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Oullins, Lyon, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Service, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
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221
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Gao W, Du X, Lei L, Wang H, Zhang M, Wang Z, Li X, Liu G, Li X. NEFA-induced ROS impaired insulin signalling through the JNK and p38MAPK pathways in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3408-3422. [PMID: 29602237 PMCID: PMC6010831 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in hepatic oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (COs) in patients and cows with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and to investigate the mechanism that links mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic insulin resistance induced by non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Patients and cows with NASH displayed high blood NEFAs, TNF‐α and IL‐6 concentrations, mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. The protein levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), mitofusin‐2 (Mfn‐2) and OXPHOS complexes (human: COI and COIII; cow: COI‐IV) were significantly decreased in patients and cows with NASH. NEFA treatment significantly impaired mitochondrial function and, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and excessive ROS overactivated the JNK and p38MAPK pathways and induced insulin resistance in cow hepatocytes. PGC‐1α and Mfn‐2 overexpression significantly decreased the NEFA‐induced ROS production and TNF‐α and IL‐6 mRNA expressions, reversed the inhibitory effect of NEFAs on mitochondrial function and attenuated the overactivation of the ROS‐JNK/p38MAPK pathway, alleviated insulin resistance induced by NEFAs in cow hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. These findings indicate that NEFAs induce mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance mediated by the ROS‐JNK/p38MAPK pathway. PGC‐1α or Mfn‐2 overexpression reversed the lipotoxicity of NEFAs on mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Our study clarified the mechanism that links hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The first Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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222
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Rieusset J. The role of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites in the control of glucose homeostasis: an update. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29523782 PMCID: PMC5844895 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The contact sites that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms with mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), are a hot topic in biological research, and both their molecular determinants and their numerous roles in several signaling pathways are is continuously evolving. MAMs allow the exchange between both organelles of lipids, calcium (Ca2+), and likely reactive oxygen species, allowing adaptations of both cellular bioenergetics and cell fate depending of cellular needs or stresses. Therefore, it is not surprising that MAMs affect cellular metabolism. Nevertheless, recent arguments suggest that MAMs could also act as key hub of hormonal and/or nutrient signaling in several insulin-sensitive tissues, pointing a specific role of MAMs in the control of glucose homeostasis. Here, I provide a brief review and update on current key signaling roles of the MAMs in the control of glucose homeostasis in both health and metabolic diseases. Particularly, the relevance of ER-mitochondria miscommunication in the disruption of glucose homeostasis is analyzed in details in the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and beta cells of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rieusset
- Laboratoire CarMeN, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM U-1060 et INRA U-1397, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, 69600, France.
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223
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Delprat B, Maurice T, Delettre C. Wolfram syndrome: MAMs' connection? Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:364. [PMID: 29511163 PMCID: PMC5840383 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease, the main pathological hallmarks of which associate with diabetes, optic atrophy, and deafness. Other symptoms may be identified in some but not all patients. Prognosis is poor, with death occurring around 35 years of age. To date, no treatment is available. WS was first described as a mitochondriopathy. However, the localization of the protein on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane challenged this hypothesis. ER contacts mitochondria to ensure effective Ca2+ transfer, lipids transfer, and apoptosis within stabilized and functionalized microdomains, termed “mitochondria-associated ER membranes” (MAMs). Two types of WS are characterized so far and Wolfram syndrome type 2 is due to mutation in CISD2, a protein mostly expressed in MAMs. The aim of the present review is to collect evidences showing that WS is indeed a mitochondriopathy, with established MAM dysfunction, and thus share commonalities with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as metabolic diseases, such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Delprat
- INSERM UMR-S1198, 34095, Montpellier, France. .,University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Tangui Maurice
- INSERM UMR-S1198, 34095, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Delettre
- University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France. .,INSERM UMR-S1051, Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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224
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Edenharter O, Schneuwly S, Navarro JA. Mitofusin-Dependent ER Stress Triggers Glial Dysfunction and Nervous System Degeneration in a Drosophila Model of Friedreich's Ataxia. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:38. [PMID: 29563863 PMCID: PMC5845754 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most important recessive ataxia in the Caucasian population. It is caused by a deficit of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Despite its pivotal effect on biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters and mitochondrial energy production, little is known about the influence of frataxin depletion on homeostasis of the cellular mitochondrial network. We have carried out a forward genetic screen to analyze genetic interactions between genes controlling mitochondrial homeostasis and Drosophila frataxin. Our screen has identified silencing of Drosophila mitofusin (Marf) as a suppressor of FRDA phenotypes in glia. Drosophila Marf is known to play crucial roles in mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial degradation and in the interface between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Thus, we have analyzed the effects of frataxin knockdown on mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy and ER function in our fly FRDA model using different histological and molecular markers such as tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester (TMRE), mitochondria-targeted GFP (mitoGFP), p62, ATG8a, LAMP1, Xbp1 and BiP/GRP78. Furthermore, we have generated the first Drosophila transgenic line containing the mtRosella construct under the UAS control to study the progression of the mitophagy process in vivo. Our results indicated that frataxin-deficiency had a small impact on mitochondrial morphology but enhanced mitochondrial clearance and altered the ER stress response in Drosophila. Remarkably, we demonstrate that downregulation of Marf suppresses ER stress in frataxin-deficient cells and this is sufficient to improve locomotor dysfunction, brain degeneration and lipid dyshomeostasis in our FRDA model. In agreement, chemical reduction of ER stress by means of two different compounds was sufficient to ameliorate the effects of frataxin deficiency in three different fly FRDA models. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that the protection mediated by Marf knockdown in glia is mainly linked to its role in the mitochondrial-ER tethering and not to mitochondrial dynamics or mitochondrial degradation and that ER stress is a novel and pivotal player in the progression and etiology of FRDA. This work might define a new pathological mechanism in FRDA, linking mitochondrial dysfunction due to frataxin deficiency and mitofusin-mediated ER stress, which might be responsible for characteristic cellular features of the disease and also suggests ER stress as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Edenharter
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan A. Navarro
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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225
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Gómez-Suaga P, Bravo-San Pedro JM, González-Polo RA, Fuentes JM, Niso-Santano M. ER-mitochondria signaling in Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:337. [PMID: 29497039 PMCID: PMC5832754 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria form close physical contacts with a specialized domain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM). This association constitutes a key signaling hub to regulate several fundamental cellular processes. Alterations in ER-mitochondria signaling have pleiotropic effects on a variety of intracellular events resulting in mitochondrial damage, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, ER stress and defects in lipid metabolism and autophagy. Intriguingly, many of these cellular processes are perturbed in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, increasing evidence highlights that ER-mitochondria signaling contributes to these diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, for which effective mechanism-based treatments remain elusive. Several PD-related proteins localize at mitochondria or MAM and have been shown to participate in ER-mitochondria signaling regulation. Likewise, PD-related mutations have been shown to damage this signaling. Could ER-mitochondria associations be the link between pathogenic mechanisms involved in PD, providing a common mechanism? Would this provide a pharmacological target for treating this devastating disease? In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of ER-mitochondria signaling and the recent evidence concerning damage to this signaling in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez-Suaga
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - José M Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Rosa A González-Polo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 18100, Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura. Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José M Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 18100, Granada, Spain.
- Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura. Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Mireia Niso-Santano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 18100, Granada, Spain.
- Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura. Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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226
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Mitofusin 2: from functions to disease. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:330. [PMID: 29491355 PMCID: PMC5832425 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose functions are essential for cell viability. Within the cell, the mitochondrial network is continuously remodeled through the balance between fusion and fission events. Moreover, it dynamically contacts other organelles, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum, with which it enterprises an important functional relationship able to modulate several cellular pathways. Being mitochondria key bioenergetics organelles, they have to be transported to all the specific high-energy demanding sites within the cell and, when damaged, they have to be efficiently removed. Among other proteins, Mitofusin 2 represents a key player in all these mitochondrial activities (fusion, trafficking, turnover, contacts with other organelles), the balance of which results in the appropriate mitochondrial shape, function, and distribution within the cell. Here we review the structural and functional properties of Mitofusin 2, highlighting its crucial role in several cell pathways, as well as in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiomyopathies, and cancer.
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227
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Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in diseases of motor and sensory neurons: a broken relationship? Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:333. [PMID: 29491369 PMCID: PMC5832431 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases revealed that multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to pathological changes in neurons. A large fraction of these alterations can be linked to dysfunction in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, affecting metabolism and secretion of lipids and proteins, calcium homeostasis, and energy production. Remarkably, these organelles are interacting with each other at specialized domains on the ER called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). These membrane structures rely on the interaction of several complexes of proteins localized either at the mitochondria or at the ER interface and serve as an exchange platform of calcium, metabolites, and lipids, which are critical for the function of both organelles. In addition, recent evidence indicates that MAMs also play a role in the control of mitochondria dynamics and autophagy. MAMs thus start to emerge as a key element connecting many changes observed in neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the role of MAMs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, two neurodegenerative diseases particularly affecting neurons with long projecting axons. We will discuss how defects in MAM signaling may impair neuronal calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, ER function, and autophagy, leading eventually to axonal degeneration. The possible impact of MAM dysfunction in glial cells, which may affect the capacity to support neurons and/or axons, will also be described. Finally, the possible role of MAMs as an interesting target for development of therapeutic interventions aiming at delaying or preventing neurodegeneration will be highlighted.
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228
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Pathinayake PS, Hsu ACY, Waters DW, Hansbro PM, Wood LG, Wark PAB. Understanding the Unfolded Protein Response in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:175. [PMID: 29472925 PMCID: PMC5810258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is a complex disease with different clinical phenotypes and results in a substantial socioeconomic burden globally. Poor understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of the disease hinders the investigation into novel therapeutics. Emerging evidence of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has demonstrated previously unknown functions of this response in asthma development. A worsening of asthmatic condition can be brought on by stimuli such as oxidative stress, pathogenic infections, and allergen exposure. All of which can induce ER stress and activate UPR leading to activation of different inflammatory responses and dysregulate the innate immune functions in the airways. The UPR as a central regulator of asthma pathogenesis may explain several unknown mechanism of the disease onset, which leads us in new directions for future asthma treatments. In this review, we summarize and discuss the causes and impact of ER–UPR in driving the pathogenesis of asthma and highlight its importance in clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David W Waters
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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229
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Corazao-Rozas P, Guerreschi P, André F, Gabert PE, Lancel S, Dekiouk S, Fontaine D, Tardivel M, Savina A, Quesnel B, Mortier L, Marchetti P, Kluza J. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation controls cancer cell's life and death decisions upon exposure to MAPK inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39473-39485. [PMID: 27250023 PMCID: PMC5129946 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although MAPK pathway inhibitors are becoming a promising anticancer strategy, they are insufficient to fully eliminate cancer cells and their long-term efficacy is strikingly limited in patients with BRAF-mutant melanomas. It is well established that BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) hamper glucose uptake before the apparition of cell death. Here, we show that BRAFi induce an extensive restructuring of mitochondria including an increase in mitochondrial activity and biogenesis associated with mitochondrial network remodeling. Furthermore, we report a close interaction between ER and mitochondria in melanoma exposed to BRAFi. This physical connection facilitates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake after its release from the ER. Interestingly, Mfn2 silencing disrupts the ER–mitochondria interface, intensifies ER stress and exacerbates ER stress-induced apoptosis in cells exposed to BRAFi in vitro and in vivo. This mitochondrial control of ER stress-mediated cell death is similar in both BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma cells exposed to MEK inhibitors. This evidence reinforces the relevance in combining MAPK pathway inhibitors with mitochondriotropic drugs to improve targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Corazao-Rozas
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Guerreschi
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
| | - Fanny André
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre-Elliott Gabert
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, Lille, France
| | - Salim Dekiouk
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Fontaine
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
| | - Meryem Tardivel
- Bioimaging Center, Lille Nord de France-Campus HU, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
| | | | - Bruno Quesnel
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Mortier
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France.,Centre de Bio-Pathologie, Plate-forme de Biothérapie, Banque de Tissus, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérome Kluza
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, Lille, France
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230
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Yang Y, Tang X, Hao F, Ma Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Gao Y. Bavachin Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondrial Regulated ER Stress Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:198-207. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Feiran Hao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Zengchun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Lili Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
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231
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Duchesne M, Mathis S, Richard L, Magdelaine C, Corcia P, Nouioua S, Tazir M, Magy L, Vallat JM. Nerve Biopsy Is Still Useful in Some Inherited Neuropathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 77:88-99. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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232
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Ilacqua N, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bachmann M, Costiniti V, Del Pozo MA, Giacomello M. Protein Localization at Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites in Basal and Stress Conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:107. [PMID: 29312934 PMCID: PMC5733094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts (MERCs) are sites at which the outer mitochondria membrane and the Endoplasmic Reticulum surface run in parallel at a constant distance. The juxtaposition between these organelles determines several intracellular processes such as to name a few, Ca2+ and lipid homeostasis or autophagy. These specific tasks can be exploited thanks to the enrichment (or re-localization) of dedicated proteins at these interfaces. Recent proteomic studies highlight the tissue specific composition of MERCs, but the overall mechanisms that control MERCs plasticity remains unclear. Understanding how proteins are targeted at these sites seems pivotal to clarify such contextual function of MERCs. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on protein localization at MERCs and the possible contribution of the mislocalization of MERCs components to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ilacqua
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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233
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The mitochondrial dynamics in cancer and immune-surveillance. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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234
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Mitofusin 2 Promotes Apoptosis of CD4 + T Cells by Inhibiting Autophagy in Sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4926205. [PMID: 29358849 PMCID: PMC5735308 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4926205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of CD4+ T cells is a primary pathophysiological mechanism of immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, has been confirmed to be associated with cellular metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis. The function of Mfn2 in CD4+ T cell apoptosis in sepsis is poorly understood. Here, we discovered increased in vivo Mfn2 expression, autophagy deficiency, and elevated cell apoptosis in murine splenic CD4+ T cells after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We also observed almost identical results in splenic CD4+ T cells upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of Mfn2 resulted in impaired autophagy and increased apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine enhanced Mfn2 overexpression-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of Mfn2 downregulated phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin-, rapamycin- and starvation-induced autophagy in Jurkat T cells. Taken together, these data indicate a critical role of Mfn2 in CD4+ T cell apoptosis in sepsis and the underlying mechanism of autophagy deficiency.
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235
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Huang ZN, Chung HM, Fang SC, Her LS. Adhesion Regulating Molecule 1 Mediates HAP40 Overexpression-Induced Mitochondrial Defects. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1420-1437. [PMID: 29209146 PMCID: PMC5715525 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.20742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal neuron death in Huntington's disease is associated with abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and functions. However, the mechanisms for this mitochondrial dysregulation remain elusive. Increased accumulation of Huntingtin-associated protein 40 (HAP40) has been shown to be associated with Huntington's disease. However, the link between increased HAP40 and Huntington's disease remains largely unknown. Here we show that HAP40 overexpression causes mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces cell viability in the immortalized mouse striatal neurons. HAP40-associated mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with reduction of adhesion regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) protein. Consistently, depletion of ADRM1 by shRNAs impaired mitochondrial functions and increased mitochondrial fragmentation in mouse striatal cells. Moreover, reducing ADRM1 levels enhanced activity of fission factor dynamin-related GTPase protein 1 (Drp1) via increased phosphorylation at serine 616 of Drp1 (Drp1Ser616). Restoring ADRM1 protein levels was able to reduce HAP40-induced ROS levels and mitochondrial fragmentation and improved mitochondrial functions and cell viability. Moreover, reducing Drp1 activity by Drp1 inhibitor, Mdivi-1, ameliorates both HAP40 overexpression- and ADRM1 depletion-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, our studies suggest that HAP40-mediated reduction of ADRM1 alters the mitochondrial fission activity and results in mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Ning Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Her Min Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chiung Fang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Shiun Her
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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236
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Chandhok G, Lazarou M, Neumann B. Structure, function, and regulation of mitofusin-2 in health and disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:933-949. [PMID: 29068134 PMCID: PMC6446723 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly migrate, fuse, and divide to regulate their shape, size, number, and bioenergetic function. Mitofusins (Mfn1/2), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), are key regulators of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Mutations in these molecules are associated with severe neurodegenerative and non-neurological diseases pointing to the importance of functional mitochondrial dynamics in normal cell physiology. In recent years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of mitochondrial dynamics, which has raised interest in defining the physiological roles of key regulators of fusion and fission and led to the identification of additional functions of Mfn2 in mitochondrial metabolism, cell signalling, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the structural and functional properties of Mfn2 as well as its regulation in different tissues, and also discuss the consequences of aberrant Mfn2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursimran Chandhok
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Brent Neumann
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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237
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Rambold AS, Pearce EL. Mitochondrial Dynamics at the Interface of Immune Cell Metabolism and Function. Trends Immunol 2017; 39:6-18. [PMID: 28923365 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell differentiation and function are crucially dependent on specific metabolic programs dictated by mitochondria, including the generation of ATP from the oxidation of nutrients and supplying precursors for the synthesis of macromolecules and post-translational modifications. The many processes that occur in mitochondria are intimately linked to their morphology that is shaped by opposing fusion and fission events. Exciting evidence is now emerging that demonstrates reciprocal crosstalk between mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism. Metabolic cues can control the mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery to acquire specific morphologies that shape their activity. We review the dynamic properties of mitochondria and discuss how these organelles interlace with immune cell metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika S Rambold
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Developmental Immunology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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238
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Carreras-Sureda A, Pihán P, Hetz C. Calcium signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum: fine-tuning stress responses. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:24-31. [PMID: 29054537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium signaling is implicated in a myriad of coordinated cellular processes. The ER calcium content is tightly regulated as it allows a favorable environment for protein folding, in addition to operate as a major reservoir for fast and specific release of calcium. Altered ER homeostasis impacts protein folding, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a rescue mechanism to restore proteostasis. ER calcium release impacts mitochondrial metabolism and also fine-tunes the threshold to undergo apoptosis under chronic stress. The global coordination between UPR signaling and energetic demands takes place at mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), specialized subdomains mediating interorganelle communication. Here we discuss current models explaining the functional relationship between ER homeostasis and various cellular responses to coordinate proteostasis and metabolic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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239
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Sassano ML, van Vliet AR, Agostinis P. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes As Networking Platforms and Regulators of Cancer Cell Fate. Front Oncol 2017; 7:174. [PMID: 28868254 PMCID: PMC5563315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tight cross talk between two essential organelles of the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, is spatially and functionally regulated by specific microdomains known as the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). MAMs are hot spots of Ca2+ transfer between the ER and mitochondria, and emerging data indicate their vital role in the regulation of fundamental physiological processes, chief among them mitochondria bioenergetics, proteostasis, cell death, and autophagy. Moreover, and perhaps not surprisingly, it has become clear that signaling events regulated at the ER-mitochondria intersection regulate key processes in oncogenesis and in the response of cancer cells to therapeutics. ER-mitochondria appositions have been shown to dynamically recruit oncogenes and tumor suppressors, modulating their activity and protein complex formation, adapt the bioenergetic demand of cancer cells and to regulate cell death pathways and redox signaling in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss some emerging players of the ER-mitochondria contact sites in mammalian cells, the key processes they regulate and recent evidence highlighting the role of MAMs in shaping cell-autonomous and non-autonomous signals that regulate cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander R. van Vliet
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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240
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Ablation of Perk in Schwann Cells Improves Myelination in the S63del Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B Mouse. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11350-11361. [PMID: 27807175 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1637-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In factory cells, the accumulation of misfolded protein provokes the unfolded protein response (UPR). For example, deletion of serine 63 (S63del) in myelin protein zero (P0) induces P0 accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of Schwann cells and a persistent UPR associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B (CMT1B) demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in human and mouse. PERK (protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase) is the ER stress sensor that attenuates global translation by phosphorylating eIF2α. Inhibition of the eIF2α holophosphatase GADD34:PP1, increases the phosphorylation of eIF2α in Schwann cells and largely rescues S63del neuropathy. Nonetheless, reducing phosphorylation of eIF2α, by Perk haploinsufficiency, also ameliorates the myelin defects of S63del nerves. This contradictory finding prompted us to investigate whether the beneficial effect of Perk deficiency on myelination could derive from neurons. To test this hypothesis, we generated and compared Schwann cell- and neuron-specific ablation of Perk in S63del nerves. Our data suggest that the detrimental effect of Perk in CMT1B derives primarily from Schwann cells. Furthermore, we show that Perk loss of function in Schwann cells restores myelination without diminishing accumulation of P0 or markers of ER stress, suggesting that Perk may modulate myelination through a pathway independent of the UPR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In many endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related disorders, activation of the unfolded protein sensor protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) kinase is beneficial. Nonetheless, in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B neuropathy mice, we show that activation of PERK in Schwann cells, but not in neurons, is detrimental for myelination. PERK may interfere with myelination, independent of its role in ER stress.
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241
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van Vliet AR, Garg AD, Agostinis P. Coordination of stress, Ca2+, and immunogenic signaling pathways by PERK at the endoplasmic reticulum. Biol Chem 2017; 397:649-56. [PMID: 26872313 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main coordinator of intracellular Ca2+ signaling, protein synthesis, and folding. The ER is also implicated in the formation of contact sites with other organelles and structures, including mitochondria, plasma membrane (PM), and endosomes, thereby orchestrating through interorganelle signaling pathways, a variety of cellular responses including Ca2+ homeostasis, metabolism, and cell death signaling. Upon loss of its folding capacity, incited by a number of stress signals including those elicited by various anticancer therapies, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is launched to restore ER homeostasis. The ER stress sensor protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) is a key mediator of the UPR and its role during ER stress has been largely recognized. However, growing evidence suggests that PERK may govern signaling pathways through UPR-independent functions. Here, we discuss emerging noncanonical roles of PERK with particular relevance for the induction of danger or immunogenic signaling and interorganelle communication.
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242
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Rieusset J. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs): An emerging platform connecting energy and immune sensing to metabolic flexibility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28647358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms have the capacity to sense both nutrients and immune signals in order to adapt their metabolism to the needs, and both metabolic inflexibility and exacerbated immune responses are associated with metabolic diseases. Over the past decade, mitochondria emerged as key nutrient and immune sensors regulating numerous signalling pathways, and mitochondria dysfunction has been extensively implicated in metabolic diseases. Interestingly, mitochondria interact physically and functionally with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER, in contact sites named mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), in order to exchange metabolites and calcium and regulate cellular homeostasis. Emerging evidences suggest that MAMs provide a platform for hormone and nutrient signalling pathways and for innate immune responses, then regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics and apoptosis. Here, I thus propose the concept that MAMs could be attractive nutrient and immune sensors that regulate mitochondria physiology in order to adapt metabolism and cell fate, and that organelle miscommunication could be involved in the metabolic inflexibility and the pro-inflammatory status associated with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rieusset
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA-Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France.
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243
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Ramírez S, Gómez-Valadés AG, Schneeberger M, Varela L, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Altirriba J, Noguera E, Drougard A, Flores-Martínez Á, Imbernón M, Chivite I, Pozo M, Vidal-Itriago A, Garcia A, Cervantes S, Gasa R, Nogueiras R, Gama-Pérez P, Garcia-Roves PM, Cano DA, Knauf C, Servitja JM, Horvath TL, Gomis R, Zorzano A, Claret M. Mitochondrial Dynamics Mediated by Mitofusin 1 Is Required for POMC Neuron Glucose-Sensing and Insulin Release Control. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1390-1399.e6. [PMID: 28591639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are critical sensors of nutrient availability implicated in energy balance and glucose metabolism control. However, the precise mechanisms underlying nutrient sensing in POMC neurons remain incompletely understood. We show that mitochondrial dynamics mediated by Mitofusin 1 (MFN1) in POMC neurons couple nutrient sensing with systemic glucose metabolism. Mice lacking MFN1 in POMC neurons exhibited defective mitochondrial architecture remodeling and attenuated hypothalamic gene expression programs during the fast-to-fed transition. This loss of mitochondrial flexibility in POMC neurons bidirectionally altered glucose sensing, causing abnormal glucose homeostasis due to defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells. Fed mice lacking MFN1 in POMC neurons displayed enhanced hypothalamic mitochondrial oxygen flux and reactive oxygen species generation. Central delivery of antioxidants was able to normalize the phenotype. Collectively, our data posit MFN1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics in POMC neurons as an intrinsic nutrient-sensing mechanism and unveil an unrecognized link between this subset of neurons and insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramírez
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia G Gómez-Valadés
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eduard Noguera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Drougard
- Institute of Research in Digestive Health (IRSD) - INSERM U1220, European Associated Laboratory "NeuroMicrobiota", University Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Álvaro Flores-Martínez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mónica Imbernón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iñigo Chivite
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Pozo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Vidal-Itriago
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Garcia
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Cervantes
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Pérez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David A Cano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claude Knauf
- Institute of Research in Digestive Health (IRSD) - INSERM U1220, European Associated Laboratory "NeuroMicrobiota", University Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Joan-Marc Servitja
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anatomy and Hystology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - Ramon Gomis
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic. School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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244
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Gutiérrez T, Simmen T. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperones tweak the mitochondrial calcium rheostat to control metabolism and cell death. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:64-75. [PMID: 28619231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The folding of secretory proteins is a well-understood mechanism, based on decades of research on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones. These chaperones interact with newly imported polypeptides close to the ER translocon. Classic examples for these proteins include the immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP/GRP78), and the lectins calnexin and calreticulin. Although not considered chaperones per se, the ER oxidoreductases of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family complete the folding job by catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds through cysteine oxidation. Research from the past decade has demonstrated that ER chaperones are multifunctional proteins. The regulation of ER-mitochondria Ca2+ crosstalk is one of their additional functions, as shown for calnexin, BiP/GRP78 or the oxidoreductases Ero1α and TMX1. This function depends on interactions of this group of proteins with the ER Ca2+ handling machinery. This novel function makes perfect sense for two reasons: i. It allows ER chaperones to control mitochondrial apoptosis instantly without a lengthy bypass involving the upregulation of pro-apoptotic transcription factors via the unfolded protein response (UPR); and ii. It allows the ER protein folding machinery to fine-tune ATP import via controlling the speed of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the role of ER chaperones in regulating ER-mitochondria Ca2+ flux identifies the progression of secretory protein folding as a central regulator of cell survival and death, at least in cell types that secrete large amount of proteins. In other cell types, ER protein folding might serve as a sentinel mechanism that monitors cellular well-being to control cell metabolism and apoptosis. The selenoprotein SEPN1 is a classic example for such a role. Through the control of ER-mitochondria Ca2+-flux, ER chaperones and folding assistants guide cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2H7, Canada,.
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245
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Herrera-Cruz MS, Simmen T. Cancer: Untethering Mitochondria from the Endoplasmic Reticulum? Front Oncol 2017; 7:105. [PMID: 28603693 PMCID: PMC5445141 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) as a hub for lipid metabolism in 1990 and its description as one of the first examples for membrane contact sites at the turn of the century, the past decade has seen the emergence of this structure as a potential regulator of cancer growth and metabolism. The mechanistic basis for this hypothesis is that the MAM accommodates flux of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria. This flux then determines mitochondrial ATP production, known to be low in many tumors as part of the Warburg effect. However, low mitochondrial Ca2+ flux also reduces the propensity of tumor cells to undergo apoptosis, another cancer hallmark. Numerous regulators of this flux have been recently identified as MAM proteins. Not surprisingly, many fall into the groups of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Given the important role that the MAM could play in cancer, it is expected that proteins mediating its formation are particularly implicated in tumorigenesis. Examples for such proteins are mitofusin-2 and phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 that likely act as tumor suppressors. This review discusses how these proteins that mediate or regulate ER–mitochondria tethering are (or are not) promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis. The emerging picture of MAMs in cancer seems to indicate that in addition to the downregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ import, MAM defects are but one way how cancer cells control mitochondria metabolism and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sol Herrera-Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Boulinguiez A, Staels B, Duez H, Lancel S. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum: Targets for a better insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:901-916. [PMID: 28529179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders represent a major health burden, with economic and social consequences. Although adapted lifestyle and bariatric surgery are effective in reducing body weight, obesity prevalence is still rising. Obese individuals often become insulin-resistant. Obesity impacts on insulin responsive organs, such as the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. In this review, we discuss the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on skeletal muscle, an important organ for the control of postprandial glucose. The roles of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum in insulin signaling are highlighted and potential innovative research and treatment perspectives are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Boulinguiez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Hélène Duez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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247
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Tang H, Tao A, Song J, Liu Q, Wang H, Rui T. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis: Role of mitofusin 2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:55-59. [PMID: 28483668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anti-tumor agent that is widely used in clinical setting for cancer treatment. The application of the DOX, however, is limited by its cardiac toxicity which can induce heart failure through an undefined mechanism. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a mitochondrial GTPase fusion protein that is located on the outer membrane of mitochondria (OMM). The Mfn2 plays an important role in mitochondrial fusion and fission. The aim of this study is to identify the role of the Mfn2 in DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. METHODS Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used in this study. Mfn2 expression in cardiomyocytes was determined after the cardiomyocytes were challenged with DOX. Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed with mitochondrial fragmentation and MitoSOX fluorescence probe, respectively. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined with caspase3 activity and TUNEL staining. RESULTS Challenging of the cardiomyocytes with DOX resulted in increasing in cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition, levels of Mfn2 in cardiomyocytes were decreased after the cells were challenged with DOX which was associated with increased mitochondrial fission (fragmentation) and mitochondrial ROS production. An increase in cardiomyocyte levels of Mfn2 attenuated the DOX-induced increase in mitochondrial fission and prevented cardiomyocyte mitochondrial ROS production. An increase in cardiomyocyte levels of Mfn2 or pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with an anti-oxidant, Mito-tempo, also prevented the DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that DOX results in a decreased cardiomyocyte Mfn2 expression which promotes mitochondrial fission and ROS production further leads to cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aibin Tao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jia Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Rui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Critical Care Western, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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248
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Ohoka N, Nagai K, Shibata N, Hattori T, Nara H, Cho N, Naito M. SNIPER(TACC3) induces cytoplasmic vacuolization and sensitizes cancer cells to Bortezomib. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1032-1041. [PMID: 28192613 PMCID: PMC5448626 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed a hybrid small molecule SNIPER (Specific and Nongenetic IAP‐dependent Protein ERaser) against transforming acidic coiled‐coil‐3 (TACC3), SNIPER(TACC3), that induces proteasomal degradation of TACC3 protein. In this study, we found that SNIPER(TACC3) induces cytoplasmic vacuolization derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and paraptosis‐like cell death selectively in cancer cells. Mechanistic analysis suggests that accumulation of ubiquitylated protein aggregates that requires X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) induces ER stress, which results in ER‐stress responses involving X‐box binding protein‐1 (XBP‐1) and ER‐derived vacuolization in cancer cells. Importantly, inhibition of proteasome enhanced the SNIPER(TACC3)‐induced vacuolization, and the combination treatment of SNIPER(TACC3) and bortezomib exhibited a synergistic anticancer activity in several cancer cell lines. The induction of paraptosis‐like cell death in cancer cells by SNIPER(TACC3) could be applied to treat cancer cells resistant to undergo apoptosis by overexpression of XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nagai
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibata
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hattori
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nara
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Cho
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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249
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Rocha N, Bulger DA, Frontini A, Titheradge H, Gribsholt SB, Knox R, Page M, Harris J, Payne F, Adams C, Sleigh A, Crawford J, Gjesing AP, Bork-Jensen J, Pedersen O, Barroso I, Hansen T, Cox H, Reilly M, Rossor A, Brown RJ, Taylor SI, McHale D, Armstrong M, Oral EA, Saudek V, O'Rahilly S, Maher ER, Richelsen B, Savage DB, Semple RK. Human biallelic MFN2 mutations induce mitochondrial dysfunction, upper body adipose hyperplasia, and suppression of leptin expression. eLife 2017; 6:e23813. [PMID: 28414270 PMCID: PMC5422073 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MFN2 encodes mitofusin 2, a membrane-bound mediator of mitochondrial membrane fusion and inter-organelle communication. MFN2 mutations cause axonal neuropathy, with associated lipodystrophy only occasionally noted, however homozygosity for the p.Arg707Trp mutation was recently associated with upper body adipose overgrowth. We describe similar massive adipose overgrowth with suppressed leptin expression in four further patients with biallelic MFN2 mutations and at least one p.Arg707Trp allele. Overgrown tissue was composed of normal-sized, UCP1-negative unilocular adipocytes, with mitochondrial network fragmentation, disorganised cristae, and increased autophagosomes. There was strong transcriptional evidence of mitochondrial stress signalling, increased protein synthesis, and suppression of signatures of cell death in affected tissue, whereas mitochondrial morphology and gene expression were normal in skin fibroblasts. These findings suggest that specific MFN2 mutations cause tissue-selective mitochondrial dysfunction with increased adipocyte proliferation and survival, confirm a novel form of excess adiposity with paradoxical suppression of leptin expression, and suggest potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Rocha
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David A Bulger
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hannah Titheradge
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- West Midlands Medical Genetics Department, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrid Bjerge Gribsholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rachel Knox
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Page
- New Medicines, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Harris
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Payne
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Crawford
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Prior Gjesing
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helen Cox
- West Midlands Medical Genetics Department, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Rossor
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Simeon I Taylor
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | | | | | - Elif A Oral
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND) Division, Department of Internal of Medicine, Brehm Center for Diabetes, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David B Savage
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Semple
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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250
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Marotta D, Tinelli E, Mole SE. NCLs and ER: A stressful relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1273-1281. [PMID: 28390949 PMCID: PMC5479446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs, Batten disease) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders with variable age of onset, characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for normal cell function. Alteration of ER homeostasis leads to accumulation of misfolded protein in the ER and to activation of the unfolded protein response. ER stress and the UPR have recently been linked to the NCLs. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for UPR activation in the NCLs, and address its connection to disease pathogenesis. Further understanding of ER-stress response involvement in the NCLs may encourage development of novel therapeutical agents targeting these pathogenic pathways. ER-stress activation has been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. ER-stress is a common patho-mechanism in four forms of NCL. Pharmacological modulation of UPR could provide new treatment for NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marotta
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT; UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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