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Three diketopiperazines from marine-derived bacteria inhibit LPS-induced endothelial inflammatory responses. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1873-6. [PMID: 26988307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diketopiperazine is a natural products found from bacteria, fungi, marine sponges, gorgonian and red algae. They are cyclic dipeptides possessing relatively simple and rigid structures with chiral nature and various side chains. Endothelial dysfunction is a key pathological feature of many inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. In the present study, three (1-3) of diketopiperazines were isolated from two strains of marine-derived bacteria. The compounds were investigated for their effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated endothelial inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. From 1 μM, 1-3 inhibited LPS-induced hyperpermeability, adhesion, and migration of leukocytes across a human endothelial cell monolayer and in mice in a dose-dependent manner suggesting that 1-3 may serve as potential scaffolds for the development of therapeutic agents to treat vascular inflammatory disorders.
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202
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Lee AS, Jung YJ, Thanh TN, Lee S, Kim W, Kang KP, Park SK. Paricalcitol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial inflammation by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1023-9. [PMID: 26954764 PMCID: PMC4790655 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, colon and breast cancer, infectious diseases and allergies. Vascular alterations are an important pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis. Experimental data suggest that paricalcitol, a vitamin D2 analogue, exerts beneficial effects on renal inflammation and fibrosis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of paricalcitol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial inflammation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We used primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells for in vitro experiments, in which stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was used to induce endothelial cell inflammation. For in vivo experiments, myocardial inflammation was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg LPS into C57BL6 mice pre-treated with or without 0.2 µg/kg paricalcitol. Treatment with paricalcitol suppressed the TNF-α-induced increase in the protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and fractalkine in endothelial cells. Treatment with paricalcitol also decreased the TNF-α-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB binding activity. In a mouse model of LPS-induced myocardial inflammation, pre-treatment with paricalcitol prevented the LPS-induced increase in the expression of myocardial ICAM-1, phosphorylated p65 and myocardial TNF-α. Pre-treatment with paricalcitol also alleviated endotoxemia‑induced microvascular leakage in the myocardium. The findings of our study suggest that paricalcitol exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced myocardial inflammation by regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules and TNF-α, and by improving myocardial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Sin Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk‑do 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Tùng Nguyễn Thanh
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk‑do 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk‑do 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk‑do 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Pyo Kang
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk‑do 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwang Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk‑do 54907, Republic of Korea
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203
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Yong JH, Seok JW, Yu JH, Choi Y, Song SJ, Kim A, Kim HJ, Kim JW. Glucocorticoid-mediated anti-inflammatory effect through NFκB is preserved in the absence of Dexras1. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1140676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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204
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Suzuki K, Murakami T, Hu Z, Tamura H, Kuwahara-Arai K, Iba T, Nagaoka I. Human Host Defense Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 Enhances the Lipopolysaccharide Uptake by Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells without Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1338-1347. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The liver is a major organ that removes waste substances from the blood, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are professional scavenger cells, which incorporate and degrade various endogenous and exogenous molecules including pathogenic factor LPS. Mammalian cells express a number of peptide antibiotics that function as effectors in the innate host defense systems. LL-37, a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, has a potent LPS-neutralizing activity and exhibits protective actions on various infection models. However, the effect of LL-37 on the LPS clearance has not been clarified. In this study, to further understand the host-protective mechanism of LL-37, we evaluated the effect of LL-37 on the LPS clearance in vitro. LL-37 enhanced the LPS uptake by human LSECs. Of interest, LL-37 was similarly incorporated into LSECs both in the presence and the absence of LPS, and the incorporated LPS and LL-37 were colocalized in LSECs. Importantly, the uptake of LPS and LL-37 was inhibited by endocytosis inhibitors, heparan sulfate proteoglycan analogs, and glycosaminoglycan lyase treatment of the cells. Moreover, the uptake of LL-37-LPS did not activate TLR4 signaling in both MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways. In addition, the incorporated LL-37-LPS was likely transported to the lysosomes in LSECs. Together these observations suggest that LL-37 enhances the LPS uptake by LSECs via endocytosis through the complex formation with LPS and the interaction with cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thereby facilitating the intracellular incorporation and degradation of LPS without cell activation. In this article, we propose a novel function of LL-37 in enhancing LPS clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Suzuki
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taisuke Murakami
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Zhongshuang Hu
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- †Laboratory Program Support Consulting Office, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kuwahara-Arai
- ‡Department of Bacteriology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; and
| | - Toshiaki Iba
- §Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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205
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Du J, Niu X, Wang R, Zhao S, Kong L, Zhang Y, Nan Y. TLR4‑dependent signaling pathway modulation: A novel mechanism by which pioglitazone protects against nutritional fibrotic steatohepatitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2159-66. [PMID: 26781175 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system is involved in the development of chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the sensors of the innate immune system. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the TLR4‑dependent signaling pathway, and examine the effect of pioglitazone on hepatic fibrosis, through modulation of the TLR4 pathway in a mouse model of nutritional fibrotic steatohepatitis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a methionine‑choline deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks to induce nonalcoholic fibrotic steatohepatitis. The PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, and PPARγ inhibitor, GW9662, were administered to the mice, respectively. The effects of the induction of PPARγ on liver biochemistry and histology, the modulation of TLR4 and its downstream pathway, and the expression levels of inflammatory and fibrogenic genes were assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. The MCD‑fed mice exhibited progressive hepatic steatosis, necrotic inflammation and fibrosis, along with increase levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, accompanied by the upregulation of TLR4, the TLR4‑myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88‑dependent pathway and downstream genes, and proinflammatory and profibrotic genes; and downregulation of basic membrane protein and activin membrane‑bound inhibitor. The administration of pioglitazone was found to reverse hepatic nutritional fibrosis via restoration of the expression levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes in the MCD‑fed mice. The results of the present study provide novel evidence supporting the protective role of pioglitazone in ameliorating nutritional fibrotic steatohepatitis, through modulation of the TLR4‑mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Du
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 051000, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Niu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 051000, P.R. China
| | - Rongqi Wang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 051000, P.R. China
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 051000, P.R. China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 051000, P.R. China
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 051000, P.R. China
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 051000, P.R. China
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206
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Lee HY, Rhee CK, Kang JY, Park CK, Lee SY, Kwon SS, Kim YK, Yoon HK. Effect of intranasal rosiglitazone on airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:89-97. [PMID: 26767862 PMCID: PMC4712439 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.31.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors have been reported to regulate inflammatory responses in many cells. In this study, we examined the effects of intranasal rosiglitazone on airway remodeling in a chronic asthma model. METHODS We developed a mouse model of airway remodeling, including smooth muscle thickening, in which ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were repeatedly exposed to intranasal OVA administration twice per week for 3 months. Mice were treated intranasally with rosiglitazone with or without an antagonist during OVA challenge. We determined airway inflammation and the degree of airway remodeling by smooth muscle actin area and collagen deposition. RESULTS Mice chronically exposed to OVA developed sustained eosinophilic airway inflammation, compared with control mice. Additionally, the mice developed features of airway remodeling, including thickening of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer. Administration of rosiglitazone intranasally inhibited the eosinophilic inflammation significantly, and, importantly, airway smooth muscle remodeling in mice chronically exposed to OVA. Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was increased in the OVA group and decreased in the rosiglitazone group. Co-treatment with GW9660 (a rosiglitazone antagonist) and rosiglitazone increased the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intranasal administration of rosiglitazone can prevent not only air way inf lammation but also air way remodeling associated with chronic allergen challenge. This beneficial effect is mediated by inhibition of TLR-4 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Suk Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Hyoung Kyu Yoon, M.D. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea Tel: +82-2-3779-2213 Fax: +82-2-780-3132 E-mail:
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207
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Jang SE, Choi JR, Han MJ, Kim DH. The Preventive and Curative Effect of Cyanidin-3β-D-Glycoside and Its Metabolite Protocatechuic Acid Against TNBS-induced Colitis in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2016.22.4.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jong-Ryul Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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208
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Wirthgen E, Hoeflich A. Endotoxin-Induced Tryptophan Degradation along the Kynurenine Pathway: The Role of Indolamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Immunosuppressive Effects in Endotoxin Tolerance and Cancer and Its Implications for Immunoparalysis. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2015; 2015:973548. [PMID: 26881062 PMCID: PMC4736209 DOI: 10.1155/2015/973548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of tryptophan (TRP) along the kynurenine pathway plays a crucial role as a neuro- and immunomodulatory mechanism in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In endotoxemia or sepsis, an enhanced activation of the rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is associated with a higher mortality risk. It is assumed that IDO induced immunosuppressive effects provoke the development of a protracted compensatory hypoinflammatory phase up to a complete paralysis of the immune system, which is characterized by an endotoxin tolerance. However, the role of IDO activation in the development of life-threatening immunoparalysis is still poorly understood. Recent reports described the impact of inflammatory IDO activation and aryl hydrocarbon receptor- (AhR-) mediated pathways on the development of LPS tolerance and immune escape of cancer cells. These immunosuppressive mechanisms offer new insights for a better understanding of the development of cellular dysfunctions in immunoparalysis. This review provides a comprehensive update of significant biological functions of TRP metabolites along the kynurenine pathway and the complex regulation of LPS-induced IDO activation. In addition, the review focuses on the role of IDO-AhR-mediated immunosuppressive pathways in endotoxin tolerance and carcinogenesis revealing the significance of enhanced IDO activity for the establishment of life-threatening immunoparalysis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Wirthgen
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Germany
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209
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Steck RP, Hill SL, Weagel EG, Weber KS, Robison RA, O'Neill KL. Pharmacologic immunosuppression of mononuclear phagocyte phagocytosis by caffeine. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00180. [PMID: 27022462 PMCID: PMC4777255 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely used neurostimulant in the world. There is considerable debate on its effect on immune cells as it has been shown to antagonize adenosine receptors (ARs), which mediate an anti-inflammatory switch in activated immune cells. A second target is phosphodiesterase, where it acts as an inhibitor. If the primary effect of caffeine on mononuclear phagocytes were to antagonize ARs we would expect cells exposed to caffeine to have a prolonged proinflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of action of caffeine in mononuclear phagocytes. Human mononuclear phagocytes were separated from whole blood and pretreated with protein kinase A inhibitor (PKA) and then exposed to micromolar physiological concentrations of caffeine. Phagocytosis and phagocytosis exhaustion were quantified using flow cytometry. Treatments were analyzed and compared to controls, using a beta regression controlling for factors of age, gender, caffeine intake, and exercise. We found that caffeine suppresses phagocytosis at micromolar physiological concentrations. This suppression was prevented when mononuclear phagocytes were pretreated with PKA inhibitor, suggesting that caffeine's phagocytic suppression may be due to its function as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pushing cells towards an anti-inflammatory response. Additionally, these effects are altered by regular caffeine intake and fitness level, emphasizing that tolerance and immune robustness are important factors in mononuclear phagocyte activation. These results demonstrate that caffeine may be acting as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and suppressing phagocytosis in mononuclear phagocytes by promoting an anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Steck
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Brigham Young University Provo Utah
| | - Spencer L Hill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Brigham Young University Provo Utah
| | - Evita G Weagel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Brigham Young University Provo Utah
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Brigham Young University Provo Utah
| | - Richard A Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Brigham Young University Provo Utah
| | - Kim L O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Brigham Young University Provo Utah
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210
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Mazzucchelli I, Lisini D, Garofoli F, Dragoni S, Angelini M, Pozzi M, Bonetti E, Tzialla C, Kramer BW, Spinillo A, Maccario R, Rosti V, Moccia F, Borghesi A, Stronati M. Expression and function of toll-like receptors in human circulating endothelial colony forming cells. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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211
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Caffeoyl glucosides from Nandina domestica inhibit LPS-induced endothelial inflammatory responses. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5367-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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212
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Joshi AD, Barabutis N, Birmpas C, Dimitropoulou C, Thangjam G, Cherian-Shaw M, Dennison J, Catravas JD. Histone deacetylase inhibitors prevent pulmonary endothelial hyperpermeability and acute lung injury by regulating heat shock protein 90 function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1410-9. [PMID: 26498249 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00180.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transendothelial hyperpermeability caused by numerous agonists is dependent on heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and leads to endothelial barrier dysfunction (EBD). Inhibition of Hsp90 protects and restores transendothelial permeability. Hyperacetylation of Hsp90, as by inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC), suppresses its chaperone function and mimics the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors. In this study we assessed the role of HDAC in mediating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced transendothelial hyperpermeability and acute lung injury (ALI). We demonstrate that HDAC inhibition protects against LPS-mediated EBD. Inhibition of multiple HDAC by the general inhibitors panobinostat or trichostatin provided protection against LPS-induced transendothelial hyperpermeability, acetylated and suppressed Hsp90 chaperone function, and attenuated RhoA activity and signaling crucial to endothelial barrier function. Treatment with the HDAC3-selective inhibitor RGFP-966 or the HDAC6-selective inhibitor tubastatin A provided partial protection against LPS-mediated transendothelial hyperpermeability. Similarly, knock down of HDAC3 and HDAC6 by specific small-interfering RNAs provided significant protection against LPS-induced EBD. Furthermore, combined pharmacological inhibition of both HDAC3 and -6 attenuated the inflammation, capillary permeability, and structural abnormalities associated with LPS-induced ALI in mice. Together these data indicate that HDAC mediate increased transendothelial hyperpermeability caused by LPS and that inhibition of HDAC protects against LPS-mediated EBD and ALI by suppressing Hsp90-dependent RhoA activity and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul D Joshi
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - Charalampos Birmpas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | | | - Gagan Thangjam
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John Dennison
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; and
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213
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Masat E, Gasparini C, Agostinis C, Bossi F, Radillo O, De Seta F, Tamassia N, Cassatella MA, Bulla R. RelB activation in anti-inflammatory decidual endothelial cells: a master plan to avoid pregnancy failure? Sci Rep 2015; 5:14847. [PMID: 26463648 PMCID: PMC4604455 DOI: 10.1038/srep14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that excessive inflammation at fetal-maternal interface is a key contributor in a compromised pregnancy. Female genital tract is constantly in contact with microorganisms and several strategies must be adopted to avoid pregnancy failure. Decidual endothelial cells (DECs) lining decidual microvascular vessels are the first cells that interact with pro-inflammatory stimuli released into the environment by microorganisms derived from gestational tissues or systemic circulation. Here, we show that DECs are hypo-responsive to LPS stimulation in terms of IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production. Our results demonstrate that DECs express low levels of TLR4 and are characterized by a strong constitutive activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and a low responsiveness of the canonical pathway to LPS. In conclusion, DECs show a unique hypo-responsive phenotype to the pro-inflammatory stimulus LPS in order to control the inflammatory response at feto-maternal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Masat
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fleur Bossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oriano Radillo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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214
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Serizawa F, Patterson E, Potter RF, Fraser DD, Cepinskas G. Pretreatment of human cerebrovascular endothelial cells with CO-releasing molecule-3 interferes with JNK/AP-1 signaling and suppresses LPS-induced proadhesive phenotype. Microcirculation 2015; 22:28-36. [PMID: 25098198 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exogenously administered CO interferes with PMN recruitment to the inflamed organs. The mechanisms of CO-dependent modulation of vascular proadhesive phenotype, a key step in PMN recruitment, are unclear. METHODS We assessed the effects/mechanisms of CO liberated from a water-soluble CORM-3 on modulation of the proadhesive phenotype in hCMEC/D3 in an in vitro model of endotoxemia. To this end, hCMEC/D3 were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for six hours. In some experiments hCMEC/D3 were pretreated with CORM-3 (200 μmol/L) before LPS-stimulation. PMN rolling/adhesion to hCMEC/D3 were assessed under conditions of laminar shear stress (0.7 dyn/cm(2) ). In parallel, expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 (qPCR), activation of transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1 (ELISA), and MAPK-signaling (expression/phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2; western blot) were assessed. RESULTS The obtained results indicate that CORM-3 pretreatment reduces PMN rolling/adhesion to LPS-stimulated hCMEC/D3 (p < 0.05). Decreased PMN rolling/adhesion to hCMEC/D3 was associated with CORM-3-dependent inhibition of MAPK JNK1/2 activation (Tyr-phosphorylation), inhibition of transcription factor, AP-1 (c-Jun phosphorylation), and subsequent suppression of VCAM-1 expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that CORM-3 pretreatment interferes with JNK/AP-1 signaling and suppresses LPS-induced upregulation of the proadhesive phenotype in hCMEC/D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukashi Serizawa
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Chen H, Xie K, Han H, Li Y, Liu L, Yang T, Yu Y. Molecular hydrogen protects mice against polymicrobial sepsis by ameliorating endothelial dysfunction via an Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:643-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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216
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Zhang S, Wang D, Dong S, Yang F, Yan Z. Differentially expressed genes of LPS febrile symptom in rabbits and that treated with Bai-Hu-tang, a classical anti-febrile Chinese herb formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:130-137. [PMID: 25916597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bai-Hu-Tang (BHT) has been traditionally used to clear heat and engender fluids. AIM OF THE STUDY To reveal the alteration of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) febrile syndrome in rabbits and treatment with BHT which is a classical anti-febrile formula in traditional Chinese medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Febrile model was induced by LPS injection (i.v.) in rabbits, and BHT was gavaged to another group of febrile rabbits. After sacrifice of animals, total RNA of liver tissue was isolated, processed, and hybridized to rabbit cDNA microarrays obtained from Agilent Co. The data of DEGs were obtained by lazer scanning and analyzed with Cluster program 3.0. Then bioinformatic analysis of DEGs was conducted through gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. In addition, expression levels of four relative genes were detected by quantitative real time ployenzyme chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate the accuracy of microarrays. RESULT The results demonstrated that genes expression pattern could be clustered into three groups significantly, and there were 606 up-regulated genes and 859 down-regulated genes in the model group, and 106 up-regulated genes and 429 down-regulated genes in BHT treated group. There were 286 DEGs existed as the common in two experimental groups. Enrichment analysis of GO annotations indicated that DEGs in model and BHT treated animals mainly referred catalytic activity and oxidoreductase activity for metabolic processes located in the membrane system at intracellular part, and binding activities increased significantly in treatment with BHT. Enrichment of KEGG analysis showed that the pathways of phagosome and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum contained the most altered genes in the LPS group, but the percentage of phagosome pathway almost doubled in BHT group. Most DEGs involved in the LPS signal recognition system was up-regulated in LPS group, but partly decreased in BHT group. RT-PCR results of eight relative genes were consistent with the results of microarrays. CONCLUSION DEGs of LPS febrile syndrome mainly involved oxidoreductase and catalytic activity of the metabolic processes, and pathways of processing protein for pyrotoxin recognition; BHT mostly regulated the DEGs in the phagosome pathway to clear LPS in the liver, and partly interfered with gene expression in LPS recognition system. The study provided an important pioneering result on gene expression profiling research, and will facilitate the clinical care or further studies of the formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Dong
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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217
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Idelman G, Smith DLH, Zucker SD. Bilirubin inhibits the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by scavenging reactive oxygen species generated by the toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase. Redox Biol 2015; 5:398-408. [PMID: 26163808 PMCID: PMC4506991 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously shown that bilirubin prevents the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in response to LPS. The present study examines whether this effect is exerted through modulation of Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling. LPS-stimulated iNOS and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was assessed by measuring cellular nitrate and superoxide ( [Formula: see text] ) production, respectively. The generation of both nitrate and [Formula: see text] in response to LPS was suppressed by TLR4 inhibitors, indicating that activation of iNOS and Nox is TLR4-dependent. While treatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and bilirubin effectively abolished LPS-mediated [Formula: see text] production, hydrogen peroxide and nitrate release were inhibited by bilirubin and PEG-catalase, but not SOD, supporting that iNOS activation is primarily dependent upon intracellular H2O2. LPS treatment increased nuclear translocation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α), an effect that was abolished by bilirubin. Cells transfected with murine iNOS reporter constructs in which the HIF-1α-specific hypoxia response element was disrupted exhibited a blunted response to LPS, supporting that HIF-1α mediates Nox-dependent iNOS expression. Bilirubin, but not SOD, blocked the cellular production of interferon-β, while interleukin-6 production remained unaffected. These data support that bilirubin inhibits the TLR4-mediated up-regulation of iNOS by preventing activation of HIF-1α through scavenging of Nox-derived reactive oxygen species. Bilirubin also suppresses interferon-β release via a ROS-independent mechanism. These findings characterize potential mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Idelman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
| | - Darcey L H Smith
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
| | - Stephen D Zucker
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA.
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218
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Jian C, Li C, Ren Y, He Y, Li Y, Feng X, Zhang G, Tan Y. Hypoxia augments lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression in periodontal ligament cells. Inflammation 2015; 37:1413-23. [PMID: 24609838 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth supporting tissues. Hypoxia, the mainly changes of the plateau environment, can induce severe periodontitis by animal experiments. There is, however, very little information on hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. In this article, we characterized hypoxia or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS) induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression by human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. We found that hypoxia augmented Pg LPS induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in hPDL cells. We also demonstrated that nuclear factor kappa B pathway was involved in hypoxia augmenting Pg LPS induced cytokine expression in hPDL cells. Thus, our results suggest that the hypoxic environment may enhance the immune function of hPDL cells that is induced by Pg LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxiang Jian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiaozheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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219
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Hu Y, He K, Zhu H. Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients affect secretion of NO, IL-10, ICAM-1 and IL-2 by endothelial cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:324-8. [PMID: 25986990 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1046991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-endotoxin effects of sinomenine, fangchinoline, stachydrine, chuanxionggzine, oxymartrine and evodiamine alkaloids commonly found in Chinese herbal medicines. Porcine endothelial cells were challenged with 1 μg LPS/ml for 3 h and then treated with one of the six alkaloids at three concentrations (1, 5 or 10 μg/ml) for a further 21 h. The supernatants of the cultures were then collected and analyzed for levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-10, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and IL-2 using ELISA kits. The results revealed that sinomenine, stachydrine and chuanxionggzine inhibited production of NO; stachydrine and evodiamine inhibited secretion of IL-10; sinomenine and chuanxionggzine down-regulated ICAM-1 expression; oxymartrine and evodiamine decreased production of IL-2 by the LPS-stimulated endothelial cells. Overall, the data from these studies suggested to us that these six alkaloids might effectively reduce inflammatory responses in situ via changes in the formation of these key regulatory molecules/proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Hu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products , Nanjing, P.R. China , and
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220
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Jiang WL, Zhang YF, Xia QQ, Zhu J, Yu X, Fan T, Wang F. MicroRNA-19a regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through modulation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 expression. BMC Mol Biol 2015; 16:11. [PMID: 25982447 PMCID: PMC4446110 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-015-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs, small non-encoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally modulate expression of their target genes, have been implicated as critical regulatory molecules in endothelial cells. Results In the present study, we found that overexpression of miR-19a protects endothelial cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis through the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/p38 pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that the expression of miR-19a in endothelial cell was markedly down-regulated by LPS stimulation. Furthermore, LPS-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by over-expression of miR-19a. Finally, both a luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis showed that ASK1 is a direct target of miR-19a. Conclusions MiR-19a regulates ASK1 expression by targeting specific binding sites in the 3’ untranslated region of ASK1 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-19a is an effective method to protect against LPS-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-015-0034-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Jiang
- Department of Respiration, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China.
| | - Qing-Qing Xia
- Department of Respiration, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China.
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of ICAM-1 through modulation of toll-like receptor-4 signaling in brain endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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222
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Son GY, Shin DM, Hong JH. Bacterial PAMPs and Allergens Trigger Increase in [Ca(2+)]i-induced Cytokine Expression in Human PDL Fibroblasts. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:291-7. [PMID: 25954136 PMCID: PMC4422971 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An oral environment is constantly exposed to environmental factors and microorganisms. The periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts within this environment are subject to bacterial infection and allergic reaction. However, how these condition affect PDL fibroblasts has yet to be elucidated. PDL fibroblasts were isolated from healthy donors. We examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and measuring the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). This study investigated the receptors activated by exogenous bacterial pathogens (Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and allergens (German cockroach extract and house dust mite) as well as these pathogenic mediators-induced effects on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling in human PDL fibroblasts. Moreover, we evaluated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and bone remodeling mediators (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin) and intracellular Ca2+-involved effect. Bacterial pathogens and allergic mediators induced increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and these results are dependent on intracellular Ca2+. However, bacterial pathogens and allergic mediators did not lead to increased expression of bone remodeling mediators, except lipopolysaccharide-induced effect on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand expression. These experiments provide evidence that a pathogens and allergens-induced increase in [Ca2+]i affects the inflammatory response in human PDL fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Yeon Son
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Korea
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Increased β2-adrenergic vasorelaxation at the early phase of endotoxemic shock in rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72:181-9. [PMID: 25921926 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The early management of the cardiovascular dysfunction of septic shock is critical as it is associated with a poor outcome. Although the use of catecholamines is a common therapy in this syndrome, no data are available on the involvement of β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) subtypes and only few studies report an alteration of β-adrenergic-induced vasodilation in septic shock. The purpose of the study was to evaluate vascular β1, β2 and β3-AR expression and function in an endotoxemic rat model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Endotoxemia was induced in rats by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). β1, β2 and β3-AR mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR in aorta and vascular β1, β2 and β3-AR responses were determined on conducting (aorta) and/or resistance (mesenteric and renal) arteries by constructing relaxation curves in response to different β-AR agonists. RESULTS The maximal effect of isoproterenol decreased by 31 to 61% in the three vascular beds of LPS-treated rats compared to controls. In aortas from LPS-treated rats, β1 and β3-AR mRNA expression was decreased and associated to a reduced β1 and β3-induced vasodilation. Conversely, albeit β2-AR mRNA was unchanged, the maximal β2-AR-induced vasodilation increased by 49% in aortas from LPS-treated rats compared to controls. This increase was not affected by endothelium removal but was abolished in the presence of a β2-AR antagonist or an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS In endotoxemia, β2-AR vasodilation was increased by a potential recruitment of β2-AR located on smooth muscle cells. This study suggests that vascular β2-AR should be a putative new therapeutic target in septic shock.
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Echavarria R, Mayaki D, Neel JC, Harel S, Sanchez V, Hussain SNA. Angiopoietin-1 inhibits toll-like receptor 4 signalling in cultured endothelial cells: role of miR-146b-5p. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:465-77. [PMID: 25824148 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce innate immune inflammatory responses in endothelial cells by activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling. Here, we investigate the effects of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) on LPS-induced TLR4 signalling and the role of the miR-146 family of micro RNAs in the effects of Ang-1 on TRL4 signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS Leucocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected using fluorescence microscopy. Adhesion molecule, pro-inflammatory cytokine, miR-146a, and miR-146b-5p expressions in HUVECs were quantified using real-time PCR. TLR4 signalling protein levels were measured using immunoblotting. Exposure of HUVECs to LPS for 4-6 h induces robust inflammatory responses, including enhanced leucocyte adhesion, up-regulation of adhesion molecule expression (VCAM1, ICAM1, E-SELECTIN), enhanced cytokine production (TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and IL8), and increased NFκB luciferase reporter activity. Addition of Ang-1 to the culture medium for 24 h prior to LPS exposure significantly attenuates these responses. Prolonged Ang-1 exposure significantly decreases IRAK1 and TRAF6 protein levels but has no effect on TLR4, MYD88, IRAK4, or TAK1 expressions. Ang-1 triggers significant up-regulation of miR-146b-5p levels but has no effect on miR-146a or miR-146b-3p expressions. Transfection of HUVECs with a miR-146b-5p mimic significantly attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory responses and IRAK1 and TRAF6 expressions. In HUVECs transfected with a miR-146b-5p inhibitor, Ang-1 has no effect on LPS-induced inflammatory responses or IRAK1 and TRAF6 expressions. CONCLUSION Ang-1 disrupts TLR4 signalling, resulting in inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells. This inhibition occurs through selective targeting of IRAK1 and TRAF6 proteins by miR-146b-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Echavarria
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Mayaki
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Charles Neel
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sharon Harel
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Veronica Sanchez
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Xi Q, Li Y, Dai J, Chen W. High Frequency of Mononuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells is Associated with Exacerbation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:279-87. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.999937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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226
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Huang CY, Sheu WHH, Chiang AN. Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid suppress adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells via differential mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:751-62. [PMID: 25631736 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary PUFAs modulate the progression of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms within vascular cells remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of PUFAs in LPS-activated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS To simulate the in vivo conditions of atherosclerosis, we have established an in vitro model in which THP-1 monocytes adhere to HAECs. Our results showed that n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) remarkably attenuated the adhesion of THP-1 cells to HAECs, probably through inhibiting the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Using lipid raft isolation and confocal microscopy, we found that DHA and EPA suppressed the translocation of TLR4 into lipid rafts. Furthermore, DHA and EPA inhibited the ubiquitination and translocation of TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of TAK1, p38, and IκBα. We demonstrated that DHA reduced the phosphorylation of PKR, but EPA increased the expression of A20. Additionally, silencing of A20 reversed the inhibitory effect of EPA on the expression of adhesion molecules. CONCLUSION Our study revealed differential signaling pathways modulated by n-3 PUFAs in LPS-stimulated HAECs. These signaling pathways are potential targets for the prevention of atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Effect of TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway on expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial fibroblasts from temporomandibular joint exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:329405. [PMID: 25810567 PMCID: PMC4354974 DOI: 10.1155/2015/329405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from previous studies suggested that interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) play an important role in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, the cell surface receptors and the intracellular signal pathways leading to these cytokines expression are not fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the roles of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial fibroblasts (SFs) separated from rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The results showed that treatment with LPS could increase TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, increased expression of IL-1β and TNF-α could be blocked by treatment with TAK-242, a blocker of TLR4 signaling, and also by MyD88 inhibitory peptide (MIP). These findings suggested that maybe TLR4/MyD88 signal transduction pathway participates in enhanced expression of IL-1 and TNF-α in patients with TMD. The activation of TLR4/MyD88 signal transduction pathway which results in production of proinflammatory factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of TMD.
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Isobavachalcone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced ICAM-1 expression in brain endothelial cells through blockade of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:11-8. [PMID: 25704611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cerebral diseases. Thus, control of brain inflammation is regarded as one of the important therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer׳s disease and stroke. Isobavachalcone, a flavonoid from Psoralea corylifolia, is known to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities and is expected to be useful in preventing or treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, very little is known regarding its effects on cerebral inflammation. In this study, we examined the effect of isobavachalcone on leukocyte adhesion and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in brain endothelial cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored the possible mechanisms involved. Isobavachalcone significantly down-regulated LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and suppressed NF-κB activity which is implicated in the expression of ICAM-1. It attenuated ICAM-1 expression as well as NF-κB transcriptional activity induced by macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2-kDa (MALP-2) or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly[I:C]). Isobavachalcone also down-regulated LPS or poly[I:C]-induced expression of IFN-β, which can indirectly activate NF-κB. These data imply that isobavachalcone can modulate both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent signaling of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Taken together, our data suggest that isobavachalcone inhibits LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion to brain endothelial cell by blocking TLR4 signaling and thus, has the potential to ameliorate neuronal injury in brain diseases associated with inflammation.
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229
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Rajasuriar R, Kong YY, Nadarajah R, Abdullah NK, Spelman T, Yuhana MY, Ponampalavanar S, Kamarulzaman A, Lewin SR. The CD14 C-260T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modulates monocyte/macrophage activation in treated HIV-infected individuals. J Transl Med 2015; 13:30. [PMID: 25622527 PMCID: PMC4311493 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). T-allele carriers of the CD14 C-260T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have reported increased expression of the LPS-binding receptor, CD14 and inflammation in the general population. Our aim was to explore the relationship of this SNP with monocyte/macrophage activation and inflammation and its association with sub-clinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals. Methods Patients with no pre-existing CVD risk factors on suppressive antiretroviral therapy were recruited from University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia (n = 84). The CD14 C-260T and TLR4 SNPs, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile were genotyped and soluble(s) CD14 and sCD163 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hsCRP were measured in plasma. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring carotid intima media thickness (cIMT). The association between CD14 C-260T SNP carriage and cIMT was assessed in a multivariable quantile regression model where a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results We found the CD14 C-260T T-allele in 56% of the cohort and evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis in 27%. TT genotype was associated with higher sCD163 (p = 0.009) but only marginally higher sCD14 (p = 0.209) and no difference in hsCRP (p = 0.296) compared to CC/CT. In multivariable analysis, only Framingham risk score was independently associated with higher cIMT while lower sCD163 was trending towards significance. No association was found in TT-genotype carriers and cIMT measurements. Conclusion The CD14 C-260T SNP was associated with increased monocyte activation but not systemic inflammation or cIMT in this HIV-infected cohort with low CVD risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rajasuriar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, 3004, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yong Yean Kong
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Reshika Nadarajah
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Kamila Abdullah
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tim Spelman
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, 3004, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Muhamad Yazli Yuhana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sasheela Ponampalavanar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, 3004, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 3004, Melbourne, Australia. .,Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
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230
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Meliton AY, Meng F, Tian Y, Sarich N, Mutlu GM, Birukova AA, Birukov KG. Oxidized phospholipids protect against lung injury and endothelial barrier dysfunction caused by heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L550-62. [PMID: 25575515 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00248.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased endothelial cell (EC) permeability and vascular inflammation along with alveolar epithelial damage are key features of acute lung injury (ALI). Products of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine oxidation (OxPAPC) showed protective effects against inflammatory signaling and vascular EC barrier dysfunction induced by gram-negative bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We explored the more general protective effects of OxPAPC and investigated whether delayed posttreatment with OxPAPC boosts the recovery of lung inflammatory injury and EC barrier dysfunction triggered by intratracheal injection of heat-killed gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA) bacteria. HKSA-induced pulmonary EC permeability, activation of p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB inflammatory cascades, secretion of IL-8 and soluble ICAM1, fibronectin deposition, and expression of adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 by activated EC were significantly attenuated by cotreatment as well as posttreatment with OxPAPC up to 16 h after HKSA addition. Remarkably, posttreatment with OxPAPC up to 24 h post-HKSA challenge dramatically accelerated lung recovery by restoring lung barrier properties monitored by Evans blue extravasation and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and reducing inflammation reflected by decreased MIP-1, KC, TNF-α, IL-13 levels and neutrophil count in BAL samples. These studies demonstrate potent in vivo and in vitro protective effects of posttreatment with anti-inflammatory oxidized phospholipids in the model of ALI caused by HKSA. These results warrant further investigations into the potential use of OxPAPC compounds combined with antibiotic therapies as a treatment of sepsis and ALI induced by gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Y Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fanyong Meng
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicolene Sarich
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gokhan M Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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231
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Nebel D, Svensson D, Arosenius K, Larsson E, Jönsson D, Nilsson BO. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes osteogenic activity and downregulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:666-73. [PMID: 25495336 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the impact of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) on osteogenic and inflammatory properties of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and investigate underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human PDL cells, obtained from four subjects, were stimulated with vitamin D3 for 4-48 h. The bone markers osteopontin and osteocalcin and proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine and chemokine expression was determined after stimulation with the inflammation promoter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of vitamin D3. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed using p-nitrophenylphosphate substrate. RESULTS Treatment with 30 ng/mL of vitamin D3, corresponding to an optimal plasma concentration of vitamin D, for 24 h had no effect on PDL cell number and morphology but increased PDL cell osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expression by about 70 and 40%, respectively, and, moreover, treatment with vitamin D3 for 48 h enhanced PDL cell alkaline phosphatase activity by about two times showing that vitamin D3 exerts pro-osteogenic effects in human PDL cells. Stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 4 h increased PDL cell interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) chemokine mRNA expression several fold. The LPS-induced increase in IL-6 and CXCL1 transcripts was attenuated by vitamin D3 (30 ng/mL). Treatment with vitamin D3 (3-300 ng/mL) for 24 h reduced the LPS-evoked increase in PDL cell IL-6 protein by about 50%. Vitamin D3 (30 ng/mL) had no effect on LPS-induced IL-1β and MCP-1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D3 promotes osteogenic differentiation but also downregulates inflammation promoter-induced IL-6 cytokine and CXCL1 chemokine expression in human PDL cells, suggesting that vitamin D3 both stimulates bone regeneration and antagonizes inflammation in human periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nebel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Arosenius
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Larsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Jönsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B O Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Xu D, Zhao M, Song Y, Song J, Huang Y, Wang J. Novel insights in preventing Gram-negative bacterial infection in cirrhotic patients: review on the effects of GM-CSF in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. Hepatol Int 2014; 9:28-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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233
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DiGiandomenico A, Veach RA, Zienkiewicz J, Moore DJ, Wylezinski LS, Hutchens MA, Hawiger J. The "genomic storm" induced by bacterial endotoxin is calmed by a nuclear transport modifier that attenuates localized and systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110183. [PMID: 25329889 PMCID: PMC4203769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent microbial virulence factor that can trigger production of proinflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of localized and systemic inflammation. Importantly, the role of nuclear transport of stress responsive transcription factors in this LPS-generated "genomic storm" remains largely undefined. We developed a new nuclear transport modifier (NTM) peptide, cell-penetrating cSN50.1, which targets nuclear transport shuttles importin α5 and importin β1, to analyze its effect in LPS-induced localized (acute lung injury) and systemic (lethal endotoxic shock) murine inflammation models. We analyzed a human genome database to match 46 genes that encode cytokines, chemokines and their receptors with transcription factors whose nuclear transport is known to be modulated by NTM. We then tested the effect of cSN50.1 peptide on proinflammatory gene expression in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with LPS. This NTM suppressed a proinflammatory transcriptome of 37 out of 84 genes analyzed, without altering expression of housekeeping genes or being cytotoxic. Consistent with gene expression analysis in primary macrophages, plasma levels of 23 out of 26 LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were significantly attenuated in a murine model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation (lethal endotoxic shock) while the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10, was enhanced. This anti-inflammatory reprogramming of the endotoxin-induced genomic response was accompanied by complete protection against lethal endotoxic shock with prophylactic NTM treatment, and 75% protection when NTM was first administered after LPS exposure. In a murine model of localized lung inflammation caused by direct airway exposure to LPS, expression of cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar space was suppressed with a concomitant reduction of neutrophil trafficking. Thus, calming the LPS-triggered "genomic storm" by modulating nuclear transport with cSN50.1 peptide attenuates the systemic inflammatory response associated with lethal shock as well as localized lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio DiGiandomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ruth Ann Veach
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lukasz S. Wylezinski
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Martha A. Hutchens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Systemic E. coli lipopolysaccharide but not deoxynivalenol results in transient leukopenia and diminished metabolic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo. Mycotoxin Res 2014; 31:41-50. [PMID: 25315977 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-014-0212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are reported to act synergistically in the animal organism. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that systemic co-exposure of DON and LPS aggravates the impact of the individual toxin on leukocyte counts in vivo and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) ex vivo. Growing barrows were fed a standard diet, equipped with permanent venous catheters and infused for 1 h with one of four treatments: control group with physiological saline (CON, n=8), mycotoxin group (DON, n=6) with 100 μg/kg body weight (BW) deoxynivalenol, endotoxin group (LPS, n=6) with 7.5 μg/kg BW Escherichia coli LPS, and co-exposed group (DON+LPS, n=6) with 100 μg/kg BW DON and 7.5 μg/kg BW LPS. Blood was collected 30 min prior to infusion and 10, 20, 30, 60, 360, 720 and 1440 min after start of infusion for total and differential leukocyte counts. PBMC were isolated from blood drawn at 3 and 24 h and subjected to an ex vivo 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, either non-stimulated or stimulated with concanavalin A. LPS induced a transient significant leukopenia between 30 and 360 min, owing to a decrease in segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes (time×treatment: p<0.001). Metabolic activity of stimulated PBMC ex vivo was severely compromised in pigs 3 h after LPS exposure (<50% of control, p<0.001), but already regained 80% of its activity at 24 h, thus showing no difference between treatments. DON alone did not affect leukocytes in vivo or PBMC activity ex vivo and neither aggravated the effect of LPS.
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235
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Endothelial dysfunction and renal fibrosis in endotoxemia-induced oliguric kidney injury: possible role of LPS-binding protein. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:520. [PMID: 25261195 PMCID: PMC4205288 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The pathophysiology of endotoxemia-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an intense activation of the host immune system and renal resident cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and derived proinflammatory products. However, the occurrence of renal fibrosis in this setting has been poorly investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between endothelial dysfunction and acute development of tissue fibrosis in a swine model of LPS-induced AKI. Moreover, we studied the possible effects of coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) in this setting. Methods After 9 hours from LPS infusion and 6 hours of CPFA treatment, histologic and biochemical changes were analyzed in pigs. Apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction were assessed on renal biopsies. The levels of LPS-binding protein (LBP) were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endothelial cells (ECs) were stimulated in vitro with LPS and cultured in the presence of swine sera and were analyzed with FACS and real-time RT-PCR. Results In a swine model of LPS-induced AKI, we observed that acute tubulointerstitial fibrosis occurred within 9 hours from LPS injection. Acute fibrosis was associated with dysfunctional alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+ ECs characterized by active proliferation (Ki-67+) without apoptosis (caspase-3-). LPS led to EC dysfunction in vitro with significant vimentin and N-cadherin expression and increased collagen I mRNA synthesis. Therapeutic intervention by citrate-based CPFA significantly prevented acute fibrosis in endotoxemic animals, by preserving the EC phenotype in both peritubular capillaries and renal arteries. We found that the removal of LBP from plasma was crucial to eliminate the effects of LPS on EC dysfunction, by blocking LPS-induced collagen I production. Conclusions Our data indicate that EC dysfunction might be pivotal in the acute development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in LPS-induced AKI. Selective removal of the LPS adaptor protein LBP might represent a future therapeutic option to prevent EC dysfunction and tissue fibrosis in endotoxemia-induced AKI.
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236
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Cao Z, Robinson RAS. The role of proteomics in understanding biological mechanisms of sepsis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:35-52. [PMID: 24339042 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory state caused by infection. Complications of this infection with multiple organ failure lead to more lethal conditions, such as severe sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of US deaths. Novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity may be helpful for early diagnosis of sepsis and for improvement of patient outcomes through the development of new therapies. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics offers powerful tools to identify such biomarkers and furthermore to give insight to fundamental mechanisms of this clinical condition. In this review, we summarize findings from proteomics studies of sepsis and how their applications have provided more understanding into the pathogenesis of septic infection. Literatures related to "proteomics", "sepsis", "systemic inflammatory response syndrome", "severe sepsis", "septic infection", and "multiple organ dysfunction syndrome" were searched using PubMed. Findings about neonatal and adult sepsis are discussed separately. Within the adult sepsis studies, results are grouped based on the models (e.g., human or animal). Across investigations in clinical populations and in rodent and mammalian animal models, biological pathways, such as inflammatory and acute phase response, coagulation, complement, mitochondrial energy metabolism, chaperones, and oxidative stress, are altered at the protein level. These proteomics studies have discovered many novel biomarker candidates of septic infection. Validation the clinical use of these biomarker candidates may significantly impact the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. In addition, the molecular mechanisms revealed by these studies may also guide the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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237
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Sikorski K, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. Data mining of atherosclerotic plaque transcriptomes predicts STAT1-dependent inflammatory signal integration in vascular disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14313-31. [PMID: 25196434 PMCID: PMC4159852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque development involves multiple extra- and intra-cellular signals engaging cells from the immune system and from the vasculature. Pro-inflammatory pathways activated by interferon gamma (IFNγ) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligands are profoundly involved in plaque formation and have been shown to involve cross-talk in all atheroma-interacting cell types leading to increased activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Here we demonstrate that in Gene Expression Omnibus repository (GEO) deposited microarray datasets, obtained from human coronary and carotid atherosclerotic plaques, a significant increase in expression of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory genes can be detected. Moreover, increased expression of multiple chemokines, adhesion molecules and matrix-remodeling molecules was commonly detected in both plaque types and correlated with the presence of putative STAT1 binding sites in their promoters, suggesting strong involvement of STAT1 in plaque development. We also provide evidence to suggest that STAT1-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) or STAT1-interferon-regulated factor (IRF) regulatory modules are over-represented in the promoters of these inflammatory genes, which points to a possible contribution of IFNγ and TLR4 cross-talk in the process of atherogenesis. Finally, a subset of these genes encodes for secreted proteins that could serve as a basis of a non-invasive diagnostic assay. The results of our in silico analysis in vitro provide potential evidence that STAT1-dependent IFNγ-TLR4 cross-talk plays a crucial role in coronary and carotid artery plaque development and identifies a STAT1-dependent gene signature that could represent a novel diagnostic tool to monitor and diagnose plaque progression in human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sikorski
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan 61-614, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High-Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, Poznan 61-614, Poland.
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan 61-614, Poland.
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Zhao W, Ma G, Chen X. Lipopolysaccharide induced LOX-1 expression via TLR4/MyD88/ROS activated p38MAPK-NF-κB pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:162-72. [PMID: 25135647 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein (LOX-1) plays a key role in endothelial ox-LDL endocytosis, endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. In the present study, the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on LOX-1 expression and the underlying molecular pathways were investigated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with LPS and the protein expressions of LOX-1, TLR4, TLR2, MyD88, Nox4, Nox2, PI3K, p38MAPK, JNK, ERK, Nrf1, Nrf2 and p65 were examined by Western blotting. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by flow cytometry with fluorescence probe DCFH2-DA. The role of TLR4, MyD88 and Nox4 were determined with specific siRNA. The endothelial ox-LDL uptake and the endothelial-monocyte adhesion were evaluated with DiI-ox-LDL and Hoechst 33342 respectively. The effect of LPS on LOX-1 expression in aorta tissue was also studied with male C57/BL6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The results showed that LPS induced LOX-1 protein expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The mRNA expression of LOX-1 was also upregulated. The protein expression of LOX-1 and phosphorylated p38MAPK, p65 was significantly enhanced by LPS both in vitro and in vivo. LPS induced LOX-1 expression was blocked by siRNA for TLR4, MyD88, and Nox4 and inhibitors for p38MAPK, NF-κB, cyclooxygenase-2, and NADPH oxidase. Both LPS induced ox-LDL uptake and endothelial-monocyte adhesion were significantly inhibited by anti-LOX-1 antibody. LPS dramatically induced LOX-1 protein expression in aorta tissues. In conclusion, our data suggested that LPS induces LOX-1 expression via TLR4/MyD88/ROS activated p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells, which provides new regulatory mechanisms for LOX-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Guixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Endotoxin-induced vascular endothelial cell migration is dependent on TLR4/NF-κB pathway, NAD(P)H oxidase activation, and transient receptor potential melastatin 7 calcium channel activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:11-23. [PMID: 25130439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is decisive and leads to the development of several inflammatory diseases. Endotoxemia-derived sepsis syndrome exhibits a broad inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction. We reported previously that the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induces the conversion of endothelial cells (ECs) into activated fibroblasts, showing a myofibroblast-like protein expression profile. Enhanced migration is a hallmark of myofibroblast function. However, the mechanism involved in LPS-induced EC migration is no totally understood. Some studies have shown that the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) ion channel is involved in fibroblast and tumor cell migration through the regulation of calcium influx. Furthermore, LPS modulates TRPM7 expression. However, whether TRPM7 is involved in LPS-induced EC migration remains unknown. Here, we study the participation of LPS as an inducer of EC migration and study the mechanism underlying evaluating the participation of the TRPM7 ion channel. Our results demonstrate that LPS induced EC migration in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, this migratory process was mediated by the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway and the generation of ROS through the PKC-activated NAD(P)H oxidase. In addition, LPS increased the intracellular calcium level and the number of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-positive focal adhesions in EC. Finally, we demonstrate that using TRPM7 blockers or suppressing TRPM7 expression through siRNA successfully inhibits the calcium influx and the LPS-induced EC migration. These results point out TRPM7 as a new target in the drug design for several inflammatory diseases that impair vascular endothelium function.
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240
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Thangjam GS, Dimitropoulou C, Joshi AD, Barabutis N, Shaw MC, Kovalenkov Y, Wallace CM, Fulton DJ, Patel V, Catravas JD. Novel mechanism of attenuation of LPS-induced NF-κB activation by the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, in human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:942-52. [PMID: 24303801 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0214oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (hsp) 90 inhibition attenuates NF-κB activation and blocks inflammation. However, the precise mechanism of NF-κB regulation by hsp90 in the endothelium is not clear. We investigated the mechanisms of hsp90 inhibition by 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) on NF-κB activation by LPS in primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Transcriptional activation of NF-κB was measured by luciferase reporter assay, gene expression by real-time RT-PCR, DNA binding of transcription factors by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, protein-protein interaction by coimmunoprecipitation/immunoblotting, histone deacetylase (HDAC)/histone acetyltransferase enzyme activity by fluorometry, and nucleosome eviction by partial microccocal DNase digestion. In human lung microvascular endothelial cells, 17-AAG-induced degradation of IKBα was accomplished regardless of the phosphorylation/ubiquitination state of the protein. Hence, 17-AAG did not block LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity. Instead, 17-AAG blocked the recruitment of the coactivator, cAMP response element binding protein binding protein, and prevented the assembly of a transcriptionally competent RNA polymerase II complex at the κB elements of the IKBα (an NF-κB-responsive gene) promoter. The effect of LPS on IKBα mRNA expression was associated with rapid deacetylation of histone-H3(Lys9) and a dramatic down-regulation of core histone H3 binding. Even though treatment with an HDAC inhibitor produced the same effect as hsp90 inhibition, the effect of 17-AAG was independent of HDAC. We conclude that hsp90 inhibition attenuates NF-κB transcriptional activation by preventing coactivator recruitment and nucleosome eviction from the target promoter in human lung endothelial cells.
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C-type natriuretic peptide attenuates LPS-induced endothelial activation: involvement of p38, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2653-63. [PMID: 25096521 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cai J, Lu S, Yao Z, Deng YP, Zhang LD, Yu JW, Ren GF, Shen FM, Jiang GJ. Glibenclamide attenuates myocardial injury by lipopolysaccharides in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:106. [PMID: 25077824 PMCID: PMC4147163 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common disease that continues to increase in incidence in the world. Diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, may make the situation worse. Diabetic patients are at increased risk for common infections. This study was designed to investigate the role of glibenclamide on myocardial injury by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice (STZ-mice). METHODS LPS was used to induce endotoxemia in STZ-mice. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured by MPA-HBBS. Serum epinephrine level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Myocardial injury was examined by light and transmission electron microscope and TUNEL staining. Macrophage infiltration was measured by immunohistochemistry. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in myocardial tissue and serum in STZ-mice, and in conditional medium of primary cultured peritoneal macrophages were determined by ELISA. Nalp3 and Caspase-1 protein levels were measured by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS STZ administration decreased body weight and increased blood glucose in C57BL/6 mice. LPS injection caused decreases of heart rate and mean arterial pressure, and elevated serum epinephrine level in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with control mice without STZ treatment, LPS induced more severe myocardial injury and macrophage infiltration in STZ-mice, which was attenuated by pretreatment of glibenclamide. LPS stimulation enhanced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in both cardiac tissue and serum. Glibenclamide pretreatment significantly inhibited the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Either high glucose or LPS increased the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the conditional medium of peritoneal macrophages. Glibenclamide treatment suppressed the increase of IL-1β level induced by high glucose and LPS. Furthermore, Nalp3 and Caspase-1 levels were markedly increased by high glucose plus LPS, and both proteins were significantly inhibited by glibenclamide treatment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that glibenclamide could attenuate myocardial injury induced by LPS challenge in STZ-mice, which was possibly related to inhibiting inflammation through Nalp3 inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou 311202, Zhejiang, China.
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Endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis is dependent on expression of transforming growth factors β1 and β2. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3678-86. [PMID: 24935972 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02158-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During endotoxemia-induced inflammatory disease, bacterial endotoxins circulate in the bloodstream and interact with endothelial cells (ECs), inducing dysfunction of the ECs. We previously reported that endotoxins induce the conversion of ECs into activated fibroblasts. Through endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis, ECs change their morphology and their protein expression pattern, thereby suppressing endothelial markers and upregulating fibrotic proteins. The most commonly used fibrotic inducers are transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2. However, whether TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 participate in endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis remains unknown. We have shown that the endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis process is dependent on the TGF-β receptor, ALK5, and the activation of Smad3, a protein that is activated by ALK5 activation, thus suggesting that endotoxin elicits TGF-β production to mediate endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis. Therefore, we investigated the dependence of endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis on the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. Endotoxin-treated ECs induced the expression and secretion of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 downregulation inhibited the endotoxin-induced changes in the endothelial marker VE-cadherin and in the fibrotic proteins α-SMA and fibronectin. Thus, endotoxin induces the production of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 as a mechanism to promote endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that endotoxin induces endothelial fibrosis via TGF-β secretion, which represents an emerging source of vascular dysfunction. These findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis, which could be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Menghini R, Campia U, Tesauro M, Marino A, Rovella V, Rodia G, Schinzari F, Tolusso B, di Daniele N, Federici M, Zoli A, Ferraccioli G, Cardillo C. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates endothelial cell activation through NF-κB but is not associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99053. [PMID: 24918924 PMCID: PMC4053330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of TLR4 antagonism on human endothelial cells activation and cytokine expression, and whether the Asp299Gly TLR4 polymorphism is associated with better endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), OxPAPC, and free fatty acids (FFA) at baseline and after incubation with the TLR4 antagonist eritoran (E5564). Cytokine expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. In vivo endothelial function was assessed as brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in RA patients with the wild type gene (aa) and with the Asp299Gly TLR4 polymorphic variant (ag). RESULTS In HAEC, TLR4 antagonism with eritoran inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, CCL-2, VCAM and ICAM (P<0.05 for all) and inhibited Ox-PAPC-induced mRNA expression of IL-8 (P<0.05) and IL-6, albeit not to a statistically significant level (p = 0.07). In contrast, eritoran did not affect FFA-induced mRNA expression of IL-6 (P>0.05). In 30 patients with RA (15 with the ag allele) undergoing measurement of FMD, no differences in FMD and plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, VCAM, and ICAM were found between the aa and the ag phenotype (P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS TLR4 signaling in endothelial cells may be triggered by LPS and oxidized phospholipids, leading to endothelial activation and inflammation, which are inhibited by eritoran. Our in vivo investigation, however, does not support an association between the Asp299Gly TLR4 polymorphism and improved endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in patients with RA. Further study is needed to better understand the potential role of TLR4 on endothelial dysfunction in this and other patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Menghini
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Campia
- Division of Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Marino
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rodia
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Schinzari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Department of Rheumatology, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola di Daniele
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Zoli
- Department of Rheumatology, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
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Liu Y, Liu H, Chen W, Yang T, Zhang W. EOLA1 protects lipopolysaccharide induced IL-6 production and apoptosis by regulation of MT2A in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:45-51. [PMID: 24916366 PMCID: PMC4131137 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) injury or dysfunction is believed to be mediated at least in part by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recent studies have shown that LPS induces apoptosis in different types of endothelium, including HUVEC. Previously we used EOLA1 (endothelial-overexpressed LPS-associated factor 1) cDNA as a bait and performed a yeast two-hybrid screening of a human liver cDNA library and identified metallothionein 2a (MT2a) as the associated protein. EOLA1 protein plays a role as a signal transduction factor. But the mechanism of EOLA1 mediated the protection of cell production of IL-6 and apopotosis in HUVEC is not known. MT2a is expressed in many kinds of cells and plays a role in inflammation. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS could induce EOLA1 expression in time-dependent and apparently contributed to the inhibition of IL-6 production and apoptosis induced by LPS treatment. We also found that deletion of EOLA1 promoted IL-6 production and apoptosis in the treatment of LPS in HUVEC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MT2a was activated by LPS, and played a key role in LPS-induced IL-6 expression in HUVEC. We further provided the evidence that EOLA1 functioned as a negative regulator for LPS response by regulation of MT2a. These findings suggest that EOLA1 may have an important regulatory role during EC inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Liu
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department of the First Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 278 Baoguang Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, 610500, China
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Bohannon JK, Hernandez A, Enkhbaatar P, Adams WL, Sherwood ER. The immunobiology of toll-like receptor 4 agonists: from endotoxin tolerance to immunoadjuvants. Shock 2014; 40:451-62. [PMID: 23989337 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a structural component of the gram-negative outer membrane. The lipid A moiety of LPS binds to the LPS receptor complex expressed by leukocytes, endothelial cells, and parenchymal cells and is the primary component of gram-negative bacteria that is recognized by the immune system. Activation of the LPS receptor complex by native lipid A induces robust cytokine production, leukocyte activation, and inflammation, which is beneficial for clearing bacterial infections at the local level but can cause severe systemic inflammation and shock at higher challenge doses. Interestingly, prior exposure to LPS renders the host resistant to shock caused by subsequent LPS challenge, a phenomenon known as endotoxin tolerance. Treatment with lipid A has also been shown to augment the host response to infection and to serve as a potent vaccine adjuvant. However, the adverse effects associated with the pronounced inflammatory response limit the use of native lipid A as a clinical immunomodulator. More recently, analogs of lipid A have been developed that possess attenuated proinflammatory activity but retain attractive immunomodulatory properties. The lipid A analog monophosphoryl lipid A exhibits approximately 1/1,000th of the toxicity of native lipid A but retains potent immunoadjuvant activity. As such, monophosphoryl lipid A is currently used as an adjuvant in several human vaccine preparations. Because of the potency of lipid A analogs as immunoadjuvants, numerous laboratories are actively working to identify and develop new lipid A mimetics and to optimize their efficacy and safety. Based on those characteristics, lipid A analogs represent an attractive family of immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Bohannon
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; †Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and ‡School of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and §Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Rau CS, Yang JCS, Chen YC, Wu CJ, Lu TH, Tzeng SL, Wu YC, Hsieh CH. Lipopolysaccharide-induced microRNA-146a targets CARD10 and regulates angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:315-26. [PMID: 24863965 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This aim of this study was to explore the role of miRNA-146a (miR-146a) and its target genes in endothelial cells. We demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the upregulation of miR-146a in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and that the induction was blocked by silencing toll-like receptors, the adaptor molecule MyD88, and the nonspecific NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082. In addition, knockdown of miR-146a by transfection of the locked nucleic acid antimiR-146a significantly inhibited LPS-induced cell migration and tube formation. A combined analysis of bioinformatics miRanda algorithms and a whole genome expression microarray of immunoprecipitated Ago2 ribonucleoprotein complexes identified 14 potential target genes. Subsequent transfection with the miR-146a precursor pre-miR-146a into HUVECs validated that CARD10 was the target gene of the miR-146a, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Silencing CARD10 inhibited p65 nuclear translocation in the cells receiving LPS stimulation and increased angiogenesis. Therefore, miR-146a may play a role in regulating the angiogenesis in HUVECs by downregulating CARD10, which acts in a negative feedback regulation loop to inhibit the activation of NF-κB that normally impairs angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnson Chia-Shen Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Hsiang Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Ling Tzeng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Urocortin 2 blocks the suppression of gastric antral contractions induced by lipopolysaccharide in freely moving conscious rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 190-191:12-7. [PMID: 24793550 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits gastric antral contractions in conscious rats. Since LPS regulates corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor (CRF2) expression in the rat stomach, and activation of peripheral CRF2 alters gastric motility, we tried to determine the role of peripheral CRF2 in the LPS-induced suppression of gastric antral contractions. Intraluminal gastric pressure waves were measured in freely moving conscious non-fasted rats using the perfused manometric method. We assessed the area under the manometric trace as the motor index (MI), and compared this result with those obtained 1h before and after intraperitoneal injection of drugs. LPS (0.2 mg/kg) significantly decreased MI. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) itself did not alter MI but blocked this inhibitory action by LPS. Astressin 2-B (200 μg/kg), a selective CRF2 antagonist, modified neither the basal MI nor the action by LPS. Meanwhile, urocortin 2 (30 μg/kg), a selective CRF2 agonist, reversed the suppression by LPS without affecting the basal MI. This action by urocortin 2 was blocked by pretreatment with astressin 2-B. In conclusion, LPS inhibited gastric antral contractions possibly through a prostaglandin-dependent pathway. Peripheral CRF2 stimulation reversed this response by LPS.
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249
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Joshi AD, Dimitropoulou C, Thangjam G, Snead C, Feldman S, Barabutis N, Fulton D, Hou Y, Kumar S, Patel V, Gorshkov B, Verin AD, Black SM, Catravas JD. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors prevent LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by disrupting RhoA signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:170-9. [PMID: 23972231 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0496oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeability of the endothelial monolayer is increased when exposed to the bacterial endotoxin LPS. Our previous studies have shown that heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 inhibitors protect and restore LPS-mediated hyperpermeability in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. In this study, we assessed the effect of Hsp90 inhibition against LPS-mediated hyperpermeability in cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) and delineated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We demonstrate that Hsp90 inhibition is critical in the early phase, to prevent LPS-mediated hyperpermeability, and also in the later phase, to restore LPS-mediated hyperpermeability in HLMVECs. Because RhoA is a well known mediator of endothelial hyperpermeability, we investigated the effect of Hsp90 inhibition on LPS-mediated RhoA signaling. RhoA nitration and activity were increased by LPS in HLMVECs and suppressed when pretreated with the Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-allylamino-17 demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG). In addition, inhibition of Rho kinase, a downstream effector of RhoA, protected HLMVECs from LPS-mediated hyperpermeability and abolished LPS-induced myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, a target of Rho kinase. In agreement with these findings, 17-AAG or dominant-negative RhoA attenuated LPS-induced MLC phosphorylation. MLC phosphorylation induced by constitutively active RhoA was also suppressed by 17-AAG, suggesting a role for Hsp90 downstream of RhoA. Inhibition of Src family kinases also suppressed RhoA activity and MLC phosphorylation. Together, these data indicate that Hsp90 inhibition prevents and repairs LPS-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction by suppressing Src-mediated RhoA activity and signaling.
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250
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Echeverría C, Montorfano I, Hermosilla T, Armisén R, Velásquez LA, Cabello-Verrugio C, Varela D, Simon F. Endotoxin induces fibrosis in vascular endothelial cells through a mechanism dependent on transient receptor protein melastatin 7 activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94146. [PMID: 24710004 PMCID: PMC3978016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory diseases, including endotoxemia-derived sepsis syndrome, is characterized by endothelial dysfunction. It has been demonstrated that the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the conversion of endothelial cells (ECs) into activated fibroblasts through endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition mechanism. Fibrogenesis is highly dependent on intracellular Ca2+ concentration increases through the participation of calcium channels. However, the specific molecular identity of the calcium channel that mediates the Ca2+ influx during endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis is still unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a calcium channel that is expressed in many cell types, including ECs. TRPM7 is involved in a number of crucial processes such as the conversion of fibroblasts into activated fibroblasts, or myofibroblasts, being responsible for the development of several characteristics of them. However, the role of the TRPM7 ion channel in endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis is unknown. Thus, our aim was to study whether the TRPM7 calcium channel participates in endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis. Using primary cultures of ECs, we demonstrated that TRPM7 is a crucial protein involved in endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis. Suppression of TRPM7 expression protected ECs from the fibrogenic process stimulated by endotoxin. Downregulation of TRPM7 prevented the endotoxin-induced endothelial markers decrease and fibrotic genes increase in ECs. In addition, TRPM7 downregulation abolished the endotoxin-induced increase in ECM proteins in ECs. Furthermore, we showed that intracellular Ca2+ levels were greatly increased upon LPS challenge in a mechanism dependent on TRPM7 expression. These results demonstrate that TRPM7 is a key protein involved in the mechanism underlying endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Montorfano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Hermosilla
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Celula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Armisén
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigacion y Tratamiento del Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Velásquez
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Varela
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Celula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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