201
|
Payne RJ, Wong CH. Advances in chemical ligation strategies for the synthesis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:21-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b913845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
202
|
Masania J, Li J, Smerdon SJ, Macmillan D. Access to phosphoproteins and glycoproteins through semi-synthesis, Native Chemical Ligation and N→S acyl transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5113-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00363h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
203
|
Floyd N, Vijayakrishnan B, Koeppe JR, Davis BG. Thiyl glycosylation of olefinic proteins: S-linked glycoconjugate synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7798-802. [PMID: 19739166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Floyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
204
|
Bayley H, Cheley S, Harrington L, Syeda R. Wrestling with native chemical ligation. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:983-5. [PMID: 20017575 DOI: 10.1021/cb900304p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An improved method for the semisynthesis of a potassium channel involving native chemical ligation allows the introduction of short sequences containing non-canonical amino acids at any position within the polypeptide chain. The work enhances the technology available for a range of fundamental investigations of membrane proteins and for applications of membrane channels and pores in biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagan Bayley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Cheley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Kaya E, Gutsmiedl K, Vrabel M, Müller M, Thumbs P, Carell T. Synthesis of Threefold Glycosylated Proteins using Click Chemistry and Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2009; 10:2858-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
206
|
Hong V, Presolski S, Ma C, Finn M. Analysis and Optimization of Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition for Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
207
|
Boltje TJ, Buskas T, Boons GJ. Opportunities and challenges in synthetic oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate research. Nat Chem 2009; 1:611-22. [PMID: 20161474 PMCID: PMC2794050 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are increasingly used as probes for biological research and as lead compounds for drug and vaccine discovery. These endeavors are, however, complicated by a lack of general methods for the routine preparation of this important class of compounds. Recent development such as one-pot multi-step protecting group manipulations, the use of unified monosaccharide building blocks, the introduction of stereoselective glycosylation protocols, and convergent strategies for oligosaccharide assembly, are beginning to address these problems. Furthermore, oligosaccharide synthesis can be facilitated by chemo-enzymatic methods, which employ a range of glycosyl transferases to modify a synthetic oligosaccharide precursor. Glycosynthases, which are mutant glycosidases, that can readily form glycosidic linkages are addressing a lack of a wide range glycosyltransferases. The power of carbohydrate chemistry is highlighted by an ability to synthesize glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Boltje
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
208
|
Lee DJ, Mandal K, Harris PWR, Brimble MA, Kent SBH. A One-Pot Approach to Neoglycopeptides using Orthogonal Native Chemical Ligation and Click Chemistry. Org Lett 2009; 11:5270-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902131n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Kalyaneswar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Stephen B. H. Kent
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Floyd N, Vijayakrishnan B, Koeppe J, Davis B. Thiyl Glycosylation of Olefinic Proteins: S-Linked Glycoconjugate Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
210
|
Dondoni A, Massi A, Nanni P, Roda A. A New Ligation Strategy for Peptide and Protein Glycosylation: Photoinduced Thiol-Ene Coupling. Chemistry 2009; 15:11444-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
211
|
Chalker JM, Bernardes GJL, Lin YA, Davis BG. Chemical modification of proteins at cysteine: opportunities in chemistry and biology. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:630-40. [PMID: 19235822 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of proteins is a rapidly expanding area in chemical biology. Selective installation of biochemical probes has led to a better understanding of natural protein modification and macromolecular function. In other cases such chemical alterations have changed the protein function entirely. Additionally, tethering therapeutic cargo to proteins has proven invaluable in campaigns against disease. For controlled, selective access to such modified proteins, a unique chemical handle is required. Cysteine, with its unique reactivity, has long been used for such modifications. Cysteine has enjoyed widespread use in selective protein modification, yet new applications and even new reactions continue to emerge. This Focus Review highlights the enduring utility of cysteine in protein modification with special focus on recent innovations in chemistry and biology associated with such modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Chalker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
212
|
|
213
|
|
214
|
Miller N, Williams GM, Brimble MA. Synthesis of Fish Antifreeze Neoglycopeptides Using Microwave-Assisted “Click Chemistry”. Org Lett 2009; 11:2409-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9005536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Lin YA, Chalker JM, Davis BG. Olefin Metathesis for Site-Selective Protein Modification. Chembiochem 2009; 10:959-69. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
216
|
French AC, Thompson AL, Davis BG. High-purity discrete PEG-oligomer crystals allow structural insight. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1248-52. [PMID: 19142918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To great (monodisperse) lengths: An improved synthesis of purer ethylene glycol (EG) oligomers allows access to 16- and 32-mers pure enough for multiple incorporation, and also to the longest (48-mer) discrete EG oligomer yet reported. The high purity enables the first crystallizations and hence the first glimpses of secondary 3(10)-helical PEG structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alister C French
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
217
|
Choudhury RP, Fisher EA. Molecular imaging in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:983-91. [PMID: 19213945 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.165498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Appreciation of the molecular and cellular processes of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular inflammation has identified new targets for imaging. The common goals of molecular imaging approaches are to accelerate and refine diagnosis, provide insights that reveal disease diversity, guide specific therapies, and monitor the effects of those therapies. Here we undertake a comparative analysis of imaging modalities that have been used in this disease area. We consider the elements of contrast agents, emphasizing how an understanding of the biology of atherosclerosis and its complications can inform optimal design. We address the potential and limitations of current contrast approaches in respect of translation to clinically usable agents and speculate on future applications.
Collapse
|
218
|
Affiliation(s)
- David P Gamblin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
219
|
de Graaf AJ, Kooijman M, Hennink WE, Mastrobattista E. Nonnatural Amino Acids for Site-Specific Protein Conjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1281-95. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. de Graaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlous Kooijman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
French A, Thompson A, Davis B. High-Purity Discrete PEG-Oligomer Crystals Allow Structural Insight. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
221
|
|
222
|
Hong V, Presolski SI, Ma C, Finn MG. Analysis and optimization of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition for bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9879-83. [PMID: 19943299 PMCID: PMC3410708 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Hong
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1)858-784-8850
| | - Stanislav I. Presolski
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1)858-784-8850
| | - Celia Ma
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1)858-784-8850
| | - M. G. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1)858-784-8850
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Abstract
The development of novel methodology for bond-forming processes that are compatible with biomolecules allows the assembly, alteration, or modification of proteins. Such synthetic proteins allow precise insight and investigation of function in a manner that has the potential for almost unlimited diversity.
Collapse
|
224
|
Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselektive Ligations- und Modifikationsstrategien für Peptide und Proteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
225
|
Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselective Ligation and Modification Strategies for Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:10030-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
226
|
Richardson JP, Macmillan D. Optimisation of chemical protein cleavage for erythropoietin semi-synthesis using native chemical ligation. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3977-82. [PMID: 18931805 PMCID: PMC2898651 DOI: 10.1039/b811501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective protein cleavage at methionine residues is a useful method for the production of bacterially derived protein fragments containing an N-terminal cysteine residue required for native chemical ligation. Here we describe an optimised procedure for cyanogen bromide-mediated protein cleavage, and ligation of the resulting fragments to afford biologically active proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, UK WC1H 0AJ. ; Tel: 020-7679 4684
| | - Derek Macmillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, UK WC1H 0AJ. ; Tel: 020-7679 4684
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Abstract
Post-translational modification is a critical event in the dynamic regulation of protein stability, location, structure, function, activity and interaction with other proteins and as such plays an important role in organism complexity. Over the last 10 years, the extensive and critical role of one such protein modification by SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) has become apparent. The focus of this mini-review will be on recent reports of a possible functional role for the SUMO pathway in the adaptive cellular response to metabolic challenge, such as oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). Here, we will briefly review the evolving evidence for this pathway in the regulation of a number of metabolic regulators and discuss a possible role for SUMOylation in the regulation of basic metabolic function.
Collapse
|
228
|
Capone S, Kieltsch I, Flögel O, Lelais G, Togni A, Seebach D. ElectrophilicS-Trifluoromethylation of Cysteine Side Chains inα- andβ-Peptides: Isolation of Trifluoro-methylatedSandostatin®(Octreotide) Derivatives. Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
229
|
Tanaka K, Fujii Y, Fukase K. Site-Selective and Nondestructive Protein Labeling through Azaelectrocyclization-Induced Cascade Reactions. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2392-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
230
|
Henze A, Rohn S, Gericke B, Raila J, Schweigert FJ. Structural modifications of serum transthyretin in rats during protein-energy malnutrition. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3270-3274. [PMID: 18819112 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a sensitive marker of protein-energy malnutrition and changes in serum and expression levels during protein and energy deficiency are well described. However, little is known about structural modifications of TTR during protein and/or energy deprivation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of protein inadequacies on post-translational modifications of TTR. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were fed a diet with either casein or gelatine as sole protein source subsequent to a protein wash-out period. Changes in TTR serum levels as well as other markers of nutritional status as body weight, food consumption, total serum protein and serum RBP4 levels as well as antioxidative capacity were determined. Post-translational modifications of TTR were examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) analysis. The rats from the gelatine group revealed a marked change in the post-translational modification pattern of TTR which was reflected by a significant elevation of sulfonated TTR and which was inversely correlated to the antioxidative capacity. Additionally, the elevation of sulfonated TTR was accompanied by a decrease in body weight and food consumption, low antioxidative capacity as well as a deprivation of serum TTR, RBP4 and total serum protein levels in the animals of the gelatine group. Protein-energy malnutrition leads therefore next to changes in TTR serum concentration, also to changes in the post-translational modification pattern of TTR. Such changes are probably induced by protein-energy malnutrition-driven oxidative stress and might be linked to alterations in protein function and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Henze
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
231
|
Crich D, Yang F. Synthesis of neoglycoconjugates by the desulfurative rearrangement of allylic disulfides. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7017-27. [PMID: 18729514 PMCID: PMC2742710 DOI: 10.1021/jo8015314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of neoglycosyl donors are prepared on the basis of connection of an allylic disulfide motif to the anomeric center via a simple O-glycosyl linkage or N-glycosyl amide unit. Conjugation of both sets of donors to cysteine in peptides is demonstrated through classical disulfide exchange followed by the phosphine-mediated desulfurative allylic rearrangement resulting in neoglycopeptides characterized by a simple thioether spacer. The conjugation reaction functions in the absence of protecting groups on both the neoglycosyl donor and peptide in aqueous media at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
232
|
Codelli JA, Baskin JM, Agard NJ, Bertozzi CR. Second-generation difluorinated cyclooctynes for copper-free click chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11486-93. [PMID: 18680289 PMCID: PMC2646667 DOI: 10.1021/ja803086r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and activated alkynes has been used for site-selective labeling of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. While copper catalysis has been widely employed to activate terminal alkynes for [3 + 2] cycloaddition, this method, often termed “click chemistry”, is currently incompatible with living systems because of the toxicity of the metal. We recently reported a difluorinated cyclooctyne (DIFO) reagent that rapidly reacts with azides in living cells without the need for copper catalysis. Here we report a novel class of DIFO reagents for copper-free click chemistry that are considerably more synthetically tractable. The new analogues maintained the same elevated rates of [3 + 2] cycloaddition as the parent compound and were used for imaging glycans on live cells. These second-generation DIFO reagents should expand the use of copper-free click chemistry in the hands of biologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Codelli
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
233
|
Christensen H, Christiansen MS, Petersen J, Jensen HH. Direct formation of beta-glycosides of N-acetyl glycosamines mediated by rare earth metal triflates. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3276-83. [PMID: 18802633 DOI: 10.1039/b807064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct, mild and efficient protocol for the preparation of beta-glycosides of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) has been developed using peracetylated beta-GlcNAc and beta-GalNAc as donors. All rare Earth metal triflate promoters screened were found to promote glycosylation with Sc(OTf)(3) being superior in terms of reaction rate. Simple alcohol glycosylation was found to proceed smoothly in refluxing dichloromethane, whereas higher temperatures under microwave conditions were needed to attain acceptable yields with less reactive, carbohydrate based glycosyl acceptors. The protocol developed was applied to provide the first example of direct chemical formation of a disaccharide using both GlcNAc as a glycosyl donor and acceptor. The alpha-acetate donor was found to be significantly less reactive than the corresponding beta-anomer necessitating higher reaction temperatures under which glycoside anomerisation was found to occur. It was established, that the anomerisation only took place in the presence of both Sc(OTf)(3) and acetic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helle Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
234
|
Hackenberger C, Wegner H, Zumbuehl A. Stereochemie in Bürgenstock: chemische Biologie und organische Synthese im Blickpunkt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
235
|
Hackenberger C, Wegner H, Zumbuehl A. Stereochemistry at Bürgenstock: Chemical Biology and Organic Synthesis in Focus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
236
|
Johnson JA, Finn MG, Koberstein JT, Turro NJ. Construction of Linear Polymers, Dendrimers, Networks, and Other Polymeric Architectures by Copper‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition “Click” Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
237
|
Langenhan JM, Engle JM, Slevin LK, Fay LR, Lucker RW, Smith KR, Endo MM. Modifying the glycosidic linkage in digitoxin analogs provides selective cytotoxins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:670-3. [PMID: 18240383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A chemoselective reaction between oxyamines and unprotected, unactivated reducing sugars was used to construct for the first time a panel of linkage-diversified neoglycosides. This panel of digitoxin analogs included potent and selective tumor cytotoxins; cytotoxicity was dependent on the structure of the glycosidic linkage. These results validate linkage diversification through neoglycosylation as a unique and simple strategy to powerfully complement existing methods for the optimization of glycoconjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Langenhan
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle University, 901 12th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
238
|
Merkel L, Beckmann HSG, Wittmann V, Budisa N. Efficient N-Terminal Glycoconjugation of Proteins by the N-End Rule. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1220-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
239
|
Schoffelen S, Lambermon MHL, van Eldijk MB, van Hest JCM. Site-specific modification of Candida antarctica lipase B via residue-specific incorporation of a non-canonical amino acid. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1127-31. [PMID: 18461981 DOI: 10.1021/bc800019v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to modify proteins in a controlled way, new functionalities need to be introduced in a defined manner. One way to accomplish this is by the incorporation of a non-natural amino acid of which the side chain can selectively be reacted to other molecules. We have investigated whether the relatively simple method of residue-specific replacement of methionine by azidohomoalanine can be used to achieve monofunctionalization of the model enzyme Candida antarctica lipase B. A protein variant was engineered with one additional methionine residue. Due to the high hydrophobicity and low abundance of methionine, this was the only residue out of five that was exposed to the solvent. The use of the Cu (I)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition under native conditions resulted in a monofunctionalized enzyme which retained hydrolytic activity. The strategy can be considered a convenient tool to modify proteins at a single position as long as one solvent-exposed methionine is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Schoffelen
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
240
|
Bernardes GJL, Chalker JM, Errey JC, Davis BG. Facile Conversion of Cysteine and Alkyl Cysteines to Dehydroalanine on Protein Surfaces: Versatile and Switchable Access to Functionalized Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5052-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja800800p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
241
|
Gamblin DP, van Kasteren SI, Chalker JM, Davis BG. Chemical approaches to mapping the function of post-translational modifications. FEBS J 2008; 275:1949-59. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
242
|
Wang A, Winblade Nairn N, Johnson RS, Tirrell DA, Grabstein K. Processing of N-terminal unnatural amino acids in recombinant human interferon-beta in Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2008; 9:324-30. [PMID: 18098265 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into recombinant proteins represents a powerful tool for protein engineering and protein therapeutic development. While the processing of the N-terminal methionine (Met) residues in proteins is well studied, the processing of unnatural amino acids used for replacing the N-terminal Met remains largely unknown. Here we report the effects of the penultimate residue (the residue after the initiator Met) on the processing of two unnatural amino acids, L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) and L-homopropargylglycine (HPG), at the N terminus of recombinant human interferon-beta in E. coli. We have identified specific amino acids at the penultimate position that can be used to efficiently retain or remove N-terminal AHA or HPG. Retention of N-terminal AHA or HPG can be achieved by choosing amino acids with large side chains (such as Gln, Glu, and His) at the penultimate position, while Ala can be selected for the removal of N-terminal AHA or HPG. Incomplete processing of N-terminal AHA and HPG (in terms of both deformylation and cleavage) was observed with Gly or Ser at the penultimate position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Wang
- Allozyne Inc., 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
243
|
Baron A, Blériot Y, Sollogoub M, Vauzeilles B. Phenylenediamine catalysis of “click glycosylations” in water: practical and direct access to unprotected neoglycoconjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1898-901. [DOI: 10.1039/b805528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
244
|
Park S, Lee MR, Shin I. Chemical tools for functional studies of glycans. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1579-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b713011m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
245
|
Donnelly PS, Zanatta SD, Zammit SC, White JM, Williams SJ. ‘Click’ cycloaddition catalysts: copper(i) and copper(ii) tris(triazolylmethyl)amine complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2459-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b719724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
246
|
Gamblin DP, van Kasteren S, Bernardes GJL, Chalker JM, Oldham NJ, Fairbanks AJ, Davis BG. Chemical site-selective prenylation of proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:558-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b802199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
247
|
van Kasteren SI, Kramer HB, Gamblin DP, Davis BG. Site-selective glycosylation of proteins: creating synthetic glycoproteins. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:3185-94. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
248
|
Huang S, Clark RJ, Zhu L. Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Probes for Zinc Ion Based on Triazolyl-Containing Tetradentate Coordination Motifs. Org Lett 2007; 9:4999-5002. [DOI: 10.1021/ol702208y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390
| | - Ronald J. Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Tanaka K, Kageyama C, Fukase K. Acceleration of Cu(I)-mediated Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition by histidine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
250
|
|