201
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Liao HW, Hsu JM, Xia W, Wang HL, Wang YN, Chang WC, Arold ST, Chou CK, Tsou PH, Yamaguchi H, Fang YF, Lee HJ, Lee HH, Tai SK, Yang MH, Morelli MP, Sen M, Ladbury JE, Chen CH, Grandis JR, Kopetz S, Hung MC. PRMT1-mediated methylation of the EGF receptor regulates signaling and cetuximab response. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4529-43. [PMID: 26571401 DOI: 10.1172/jci82826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications to the intracellular domain of the EGFR are known to regulate EGFR functions; however, modifications to the extracellular domain and their effects remain relatively unexplored. Here, we determined that methylation at R198 and R200 of the EGFR extracellular domain by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) enhances binding to EGF and subsequent receptor dimerization and signaling activation. In a mouse orthotopic colorectal cancer xenograft model, expression of a methylation-defective EGFR reduced tumor growth. Moreover, increased EGFR methylation sustained signaling activation and cell proliferation in the presence of the therapeutic EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab. In colorectal cancer patients, EGFR methylation level also correlated with a higher recurrence rate after cetuximab treatment and reduced overall survival. Together, these data indicate that R198/R200 methylation of the EGFR plays an important role in regulating EGFR functionality and resistance to cetuximab treatment.
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202
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Chen TY, Jung W, Santiago AG, Yang F, Krzemiński Ł, Chen P. Quantifying Multistate Cytoplasmic Molecular Diffusion in Bacterial Cells via Inverse Transform of Confined Displacement Distribution. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14451-9. [PMID: 26491971 PMCID: PMC4645974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
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Single-molecule tracking (SMT) of
fluorescently tagged cytoplasmic
proteins can provide valuable information on the underlying biological
processes in living cells via subsequent analysis of the displacement
distributions; however, the confinement effect originated from the
small size of a bacterial cell skews the protein’s displacement
distribution and complicates the quantification of the intrinsic diffusive
behaviors. Using the inverse transformation method, we convert the
skewed displacement distribution (for both 2D and 3D imaging conditions)
back to that in free space for systems containing one or multiple
(non)interconverting Brownian diffusion states, from which we can
reliably extract the number of diffusion states as well as their intrinsic
diffusion coefficients and respective fractional populations. We further
demonstrate a successful application to experimental SMT data of a
transcription factor in living E. coli cells. This
work allows a direct quantitative connection between cytoplasmic SMT
data with diffusion theory for analyzing molecular diffusive behavior
in live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Won Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ace George Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Łukasz Krzemiński
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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203
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Tynan CJ, Lo Schiavo V, Zanetti-Domingues L, Needham SR, Roberts SK, Hirsch M, Rolfe DJ, Korovesis D, Clarke DT, Martin-Fernandez ML. A tale of the epidermal growth factor receptor: The quest for structural resolution on cells. Methods 2015; 95:86-93. [PMID: 26484734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge of determining the architecture and geometry of oligomers of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the cell surface has been approached using a variety of biochemical and biophysical methods. This review is intended to provide a narrative of how key concepts in the field of EGFR research have evolved over the years, from the origins of the prevalent EGFR signalling dimer hypothesis through to the development and implementation of methods that are now challenging the conventional view. The synergy between X-ray crystallography and cellular fluorescence microscopy has become particularly important, precisely because the results from these two methods diverged and highlighted the complexity of the challenge. We illustrate how developments in super-resolution microscopy are now bridging this gap. Exciting times lie ahead where knowledge of the nature of the complexes can assist with the development of a new generation of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Tynan
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Lo Schiavo
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R Needham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Selene K Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hirsch
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Korovesis
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - David T Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom.
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204
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Inhibition of Receptor Dimerization as a Novel Negative Feedback Mechanism of EGFR Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139971. [PMID: 26465157 PMCID: PMC4605717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimerization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is crucial for initiating signal transduction. We employed raster image correlation spectroscopy to continuously monitor the EGFR monomer-dimer equilibrium in living cells. EGFR dimer formation upon addition of EGF showed oscillatory behavior with a periodicity of about 2.5 min, suggesting the presence of a negative feedback loop to monomerize the receptor. We demonstrated that monomerization of EGFR relies on phospholipase Cγ, protein kinase C, and protein kinase D (PKD), while being independent of Ca2+ signaling and endocytosis. Phosphorylation of the juxtamembrane threonine residues of EGFR (T654/T669) by PKD was identified as the factor that shifts the monomer-dimer equilibrium of ligand bound EGFR towards the monomeric state. The dimerization state of the receptor correlated with the activity of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase, downstream of the EGFR. Based on these observations, we propose a novel, negative feedback mechanism that regulates EGFR signaling via receptor monomerization.
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205
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Liu C, Liu YL, Perillo EP, Jiang N, Dunn AK, Yeh HC. Improving z-tracking accuracy in the two-photon single-particle tracking microscope. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2015; 107:153701. [PMID: 26549888 PMCID: PMC4608965 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a method that can improve the z-tracking accuracy of the recently invented TSUNAMI (Tracking of Single particles Using Nonlinear And Multiplexed Illumination) microscope. This method utilizes a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) to determine the particle's 3D position that maximizes the likelihood of the observed time-correlated photon count distribution. Our Monte Carlo simulations show that the MLE-based tracking scheme can improve the z-tracking accuracy of TSUNAMI microscope by 1.7 fold. In addition, MLE is also found to reduce the temporal correlation of the z-tracking error. Taking advantage of the smaller and less temporally correlated z-tracking error, we have precisely recovered the hybridization-melting kinetics of a DNA model system from thousands of short single-particle trajectories in silico. Our method can be generally applied to other 3D single-particle tracking techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Y-L Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E P Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - N Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H-C Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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206
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Singh DR, Cao Q, King C, Salotto M, Ahmed F, Zhou XY, Pasquale EB, Hristova K. Unliganded EphA3 dimerization promoted by the SAM domain. Biochem J 2015; 471:101-9. [PMID: 26232493 PMCID: PMC4692061 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A3 (EphA3) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates morphogenesis during development and is overexpressed and mutated in a variety of cancers. EphA3 activation is believed to follow a 'seeding mechanism' model, in which ligand binding to the monomeric receptor acts as a trigger for signal-productive receptor clustering. We study EphA3 lateral interactions on the surface of live cells and we demonstrate that EphA3 forms dimers in the absence of ligand binding. We further show that these dimers are stabilized by interactions involving the EphA3 sterile α-motif (SAM) domain. The discovery of unliganded EphA3 dimers challenges the current understanding of the chain of EphA3 activation events and suggests that EphA3 may follow the 'pre-formed dimer' model of activation known to be relevant for other receptor tyrosine kinases. The present work also establishes a new role for the SAM domain in promoting Eph receptor lateral interactions and signalling on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deo R Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, U.S.A
| | - QingQing Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, U.S.A
| | - Christopher King
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, U.S.A
| | - Matt Salotto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, U.S.A
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, U.S.A
| | - Xiang Yang Zhou
- Vaccine Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, U.S.A. Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, U.S.A.
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207
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Singh DR, Ahmed F, King C, Gupta N, Salotto M, Pasquale EB, Hristova K. EphA2 Receptor Unliganded Dimers Suppress EphA2 Pro-tumorigenic Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27271-27279. [PMID: 26363067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.676866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes cell migration and cancer malignancy through a ligand- and kinase-independent distinctive mechanism that has been linked to high Ser-897 phosphorylation and low tyrosine phosphorylation. Here, we demonstrate that EphA2 forms dimers in the plasma membrane of HEK293T cells in the absence of ephrin ligand binding, suggesting that the current seeding mechanism model of EphA2 activation is incomplete. We also characterize a dimerization-deficient EphA2 mutant that shows enhanced ability to promote cell migration, concomitant with increased Ser-897 phosphorylation and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation compared with EphA2 wild type. Our data reveal a correlation between unliganded dimerization and tumorigenic signaling and suggest that EphA2 pro-tumorigenic activity is mediated by the EphA2 monomer. Thus, a therapeutic strategy that aims at the stabilization of EphA2 dimers may be beneficial for the treatment of cancers linked to EphA2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deo R Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Christopher King
- Department of Program in Molecular Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
| | - Nisha Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Matt Salotto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218; Department of Program in Molecular Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and.
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208
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Peckys DB, de Jonge N. Studying the Stoichiometry of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Intact Cells using Correlative Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26383083 PMCID: PMC4692600 DOI: 10.3791/53186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes the labeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on COS7 fibroblast cells, and subsequent correlative fluorescence microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) of whole cells in hydrated state. Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) were coupled to EGFR via a two-step labeling protocol, providing an efficient and specific protein labeling, while avoiding label-induced clustering of the receptor. Fluorescence microscopy provided overview images of the cellular locations of the EGFR. The scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) detector was used to detect the QD labels with nanoscale resolution. The resulting correlative images provide data of the cellular EGFR distribution, and the stoichiometry at the single molecular level in the natural context of the hydrated intact cell. ESEM-STEM images revealed the receptor to be present as monomer, as homodimer, and in small clusters. Labeling with two different QDs, i.e., one emitting at 655 nm and at 800 revealed similar characteristic results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels de Jonge
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Department of Physics, University of Saarland;
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209
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Valley CC, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Karedla N, Steinkamp MP, Chizhik AI, Hlavacek WS, Wilson BS, Lidke KA, Lidke DS. Enhanced dimerization drives ligand-independent activity of mutant epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4087-99. [PMID: 26337388 PMCID: PMC4710239 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase mutations drive oncogenesis, but the molecular mechanism of pathological signal initiation is poorly understood. Using high-resolution microscopy methods, the authors reveal that these kinase mutations induce structural changes in the receptor ectodomain that lead to enhanced, ligand-independent dimerization. Mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/erbB1/Her1) are often associated with tumorigenesis. In particular, a number of EGFR mutants that demonstrate ligand-independent signaling are common in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including kinase domain mutations L858R (also called L834R) and exon 19 deletions (e.g., ΔL747-P753insS), which collectively make up nearly 90% of mutations in NSCLC. The molecular mechanisms by which these mutations confer constitutive activity remain unresolved. Using multiple subdiffraction-limit imaging modalities, we reveal the altered receptor structure and interaction kinetics of NSCLC-associated EGFR mutants. We applied two-color single quantum dot tracking to quantify receptor dimerization kinetics on living cells and show that, in contrast to wild-type EGFR, mutants are capable of forming stable, ligand-independent dimers. Two-color superresolution localization microscopy confirmed ligand-independent aggregation of EGFR mutants. Live-cell Förster resonance energy transfer measurements revealed that the L858R kinase mutation alters ectodomain structure such that unliganded mutant EGFR adopts an extended, dimerization-competent conformation. Finally, mutation of the putative dimerization arm confirmed a critical role for ectodomain engagement in ligand-independent signaling. These data support a model in which dysregulated activity of NSCLC-associated kinase mutants is driven by coordinated interactions involving both the kinase and extracellular domains that lead to enhanced dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Valley
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Donna J Arndt-Jovin
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Narain Karedla
- III. Institute of Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mara P Steinkamp
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Alexey I Chizhik
- III. Institute of Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - William S Hlavacek
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Bridget S Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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210
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Probing the dynamics of growth factor receptor by single-molecule fluorescence imaging. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 118:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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211
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Wang L, Li H, Lv X, Chen T, Li R, Xue Y, Jiang J, Jin B, Baluška F, Šamaj J, Wang X, Lin J. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the BRI1 Receptor and its Regulation by Membrane Microdomains in Living Arabidopsis Cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1334-49. [PMID: 25896454 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The major brassinosteroid (BR) receptor of Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) plays fundamental roles in BR signaling, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of BR on BRI1 internalization and assembly state remain unclear. Here, we applied variable angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to analyze the dynamics of GFP-tagged BRI1. We found that, in response to BR, the degree of co-localization of BRI1-GFP with AtFlot1-mCherry increased, and especially BR stimulated the membrane microdomain-associated pathway of BRI1 internalization. We also verified these observations in endocytosis-defective chc2-1 mutants and the AtFlot1 amiRNA 15-5 lines. Furthermore, examination of the phosphorylation status of bri1-EMS-suppressor 1 and measurement of BR-responsive gene expression revealed that membrane microdomains affect BR signaling. These results suggest that BR promotes the partitioning of BRI1 into functional membrane microdomains to activate BR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiqun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Xuelu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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212
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Jiang H, Wu L, Chen J, Mishra M, Chawsheen HA, Zhu H, Wei Q. Sulfiredoxin Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis through a Novel Mechanism of Enhancing EGFR Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1554-66. [PMID: 26290602 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sulfiredoxin (SRXN1/Srx) is a multifunction enzyme with a primary antioxidant role of reducing the overoxidized inactive form of peroxiredoxins (Prxs). The function and mechanisms of Srx in cancer development are not well understood. Here, Srx is preferentially expressed in human colorectal cancer cells but not in normal colon epithelial cells. Loss-of-function studies demonstrate that knockdown of Srx in poorly differentiated colorectal cancer cells not only leads to the inhibition of colony formation and cell invasion in vitro, but also reduces tumor xenograft growth and represses metastasis to distal organs in a mouse orthotopic implantation model. Notably, exactly opposite effects were observed in gain-of-function experiments when Srx was ectopically expressed in well-differentiated colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistically, expression of Srx enhances the activation of MAPK signaling through increasing the C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation levels of EGFR. This function of Srx is mediated through its inhibition of EGFR acetylation at K1037, a novel posttranslational modification of EGFR in human colorectal cancer cells identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS-MS) proteomic analysis. Furthermore, abolishment of K1037 acetylation in human colorectal cancer cells by site-specific mutagenesis leads to sustained activation of EGFR-MAPK signaling. Combined, these data reveal that Srx promotes colorectal cancer cell invasion and metastasis through a novel mechanism of enhancing EGFR signaling. IMPLICATIONS Sulfiredoxin is a critical oncogenic protein that can be used as a molecular target to develop therapeutics for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lisha Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jing Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Murli Mishra
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hedy A Chawsheen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Haining Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
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213
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Sarabipour S, Del Piccolo N, Hristova K. Characterization of membrane protein interactions in plasma membrane derived vesicles with quantitative imaging Förster resonance energy transfer. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2262-9. [PMID: 26244699 PMCID: PMC4841635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe an experimental tool, termed quantitative imaging Förster resonance energy transfer (QI-FRET), that enables the quantitative characterization of membrane protein interactions. The QI-FRET methodology allows us to acquire binding curves and calculate association constants for complex membrane proteins in the native plasma membrane environment. The method utilizes FRET detection, and thus requires that the proteins of interest are labeled with florescent proteins, either FRET donors or FRET acceptors. Since plasma membranes of cells have complex topologies precluding the acquisition of two-dimensional binding curves, the FRET measurements are performed in plasma membrane derived vesicles that bud off cells as a result of chemical or osmotic stress. The results overviewed here are acquired in vesicles produced with an osmotic vesiculation buffer developed in our laboratory, which does not utilize harsh chemicals. The concentrations of the donor-labeled and the acceptor-labeled proteins are determined, along with the FRET efficiencies, in each vesicle. The experiments utilize transient transfection, such that a wide variety of concentrations is sampled. Then, data from hundreds of vesicles are combined to yield dimerization curves. Here we discuss recent findings about the dimerization of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), membrane proteins that control cell growth and differentiation via lateral dimerization in the plasma membrane. We focus on the dimerization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), a RTK that plays a critically important role in skeletal development. We study the role of different FGFR3 domains in FGFR3 dimerization in the absence of ligand, and we show that FGFR3 extracellular domains inhibit unliganded dimerization, while contacts between the juxtamembrane domains, which connect the transmembrane domains to the kinase domains, stabilize the unliganded FGFR3 dimers. Since FGFR3 has been documented to harbor many pathogenic single amino acid mutations that cause skeletal and cranial dysplasias, as well as cancer, we also study the effects of these mutations on dimerization. First, we show that the A391E mutation, linked to Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans and to bladder cancer, significantly enhances FGFR3 dimerization in the absence of ligand and thus induces aberrant receptor interactions. Second, we present results about the effect of three cysteine mutations that cause thanatophoric dysplasia, a lethal phenotype. Such cysteine mutations have been hypothesized previously to cause constitutive dimerization, but we find instead that they have a surprisingly modest effect on dimerization. Most of the studied pathogenic mutations also altered FGFR3 dimer structure, suggesting that both increases in dimerization propensities and changes in dimer structure contribute to the pathological phenotypes. The results acquired with the QI-FRET method further our understanding of the interactions between FGFR3 molecules and RTK molecules in general. Since RTK dimerization regulates RTK signaling, our findings advance our knowledge of RTK activity in health and disease. The utility of the QI-FRET method is not restricted to RTKs, and we thus hope that in the future the QI-FRET method will be applied to other classes of membrane proteins, such as channels and G protein-coupled receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Acanthosis Nigricans/etiology
- Acanthosis Nigricans/genetics
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Craniofacial Dysostosis/etiology
- Craniofacial Dysostosis/genetics
- Dimerization
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Humans
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/deficiency
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Thanatophoric Dysplasia/etiology
- Thanatophoric Dysplasia/genetics
- Transport Vesicles/chemistry
- Transport Vesicles/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Nuala Del Piccolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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214
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Comps-Agrar L, Dunshee DR, Eaton DL, Sonoda J. Unliganded fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 forms density-independent dimers. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24166-77. [PMID: 26272615 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors receptors (FGFRs) are thought to initiate intracellular signaling cascades upon ligand-induced dimerization of the extracellular domain. Although the existence of unliganded FGFR1 dimers on the surface of living cells has been proposed, this notion remains rather controversial. Here, we employed time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer combined with SNAP- and ACP-tag labeling in COS7 cells to monitor dimerization of full-length FGFR1 at the cell-surface with or without the coreceptor βKlotho. Using this approach we observed homodimerization of unliganded FGFR1 that is independent of its surface density. The homo-interaction signal observed for FGFR1 was indeed as robust as that obtained for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and was further increased by the addition of activating ligands or pathogenic mutations. Mutational analysis indicated that the kinase and the transmembrane domains, rather than the extracellular domain, mediate the ligand-independent FGFR1 dimerization. In addition, we observed a formation of a higher order ligand-independent complex by the c-spliced isoform of FGFR1 and βKlotho. Collectively, our approach provides novel insights into the assembly and dynamics of the full-length FGFRs on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junichiro Sonoda
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
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215
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Quantitative analysis reveals how EGFR activation and downregulation are coupled in normal but not in cancer cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7999. [PMID: 26264748 PMCID: PMC4538861 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that occurs when Cbl and Grb2 bind to three phosphotyrosine residues (pY1045, pY1068 and pY1086) on the receptor displays a sharp threshold effect as a function of EGF concentration. Here we use a simple modelling approach together with experiments to show that the establishment of the threshold requires both the multiplicity of binding sites and cooperative binding of Cbl and Grb2 to the EGFR. While the threshold is remarkably robust, a more sophisticated model predicted that it could be modulated as a function of EGFR levels on the cell surface. We confirmed experimentally that the system has evolved to perform optimally at physiological levels of EGFR. As a consequence, this system displays an intrinsic weakness that causes--at the supraphysiological levels of receptor and/or ligand associated with cancer--uncoupling of the mechanisms leading to signalling through phosphorylation and attenuation through ubiquitination.
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216
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Inferring transient particle transport dynamics in live cells. Nat Methods 2015; 12:838-40. [PMID: 26192083 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Live-cell imaging and particle tracking provide rich information on mechanisms of intracellular transport. However, trajectory analysis procedures to infer complex transport dynamics involving stochastic switching between active transport and diffusive motion are lacking. We applied Bayesian model selection to hidden Markov modeling to infer transient transport states from trajectories of mRNA-protein complexes in live mouse hippocampal neurons and metaphase kinetochores in dividing human cells. The software is available at http://hmm-bayes.org/.
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217
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Zhang J, Saba NF, Chen GZ, Shin DM. Targeting HER (ERBB) signaling in head and neck cancer: An essential update. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 45:74-86. [PMID: 26163475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HNC (head and neck cancer) remains the 6th most common carcinoma worldwide. The suboptimal survival and toxicities observed with conventional approaches warrant exploration of novel therapeutic strategies such as targeted therapies. Although targeting EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) with cetuximab demonstrated clinical promise, HER (human epidermal growth factor receptor) or ERBB (erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog) targeted therapy in HNC has overall been suboptimal to date in clinical settings. Overcoming the resistance as well as identifying new strategies therefore remains a significant challenge. In this review, we will discuss the emerging roles of HER members besides EGFR. A comprehensive "three-dimensional" view of HER signaling pathway from the importance of EGFR nuclear translocation to our maturing concept of receptors' "spatial regulation", as well as the interdependence and interaction among different HER members will also be addressed to complete an essential update of HER signaling in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Georgia Zhuo Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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218
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Peron M, Lovisa F, Poli E, Basso G, Bonvini P. Understanding the Interplay between Expression, Mutation and Activity of ALK Receptor in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells for Clinical Application of Small-Molecule Inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132330. [PMID: 26147305 PMCID: PMC4493009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have a central role in cancer initiation and progression, since changes in their expression and activity potentially results in cell transformation. This concept is essential from a therapeutic standpoint, as clinical evidence indicates that tumours carrying deregulated RTKs are particularly susceptible to their activity but also to their inhibition. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive childhood cancer where emerging therapies rely on the use kinase inhibitors, and among druggable kinases ALK represents a potential therapeutic target to commit efforts against. However, the functional relevance of ALK in RMS is not known, likewise the multi-component deregulated RTK profile to which ALK belongs. METHODS In this study we used RMS cell lines representative of the alveolar and embrional histotype and looked at ALK intracellular localization, activity and cell signalling. RESULTS We found that ALK was properly located at the plasma membrane of RMS cells, though in an unphosphorylated and inactive state due to intracellular tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) activity. Indeed, increase of ALK phosphorylation was observed upon PTPase inhibition, as well as after ligand binding or protein overexpression. In these conditions, ALK signalling proceeded through the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, and it was susceptible to ATP-competitive inhibitors exposure. However, drug-induced growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis did not correlate with ALK expression only, but relied also on the expression of other RTKs with akin drug binding affinity. Indeed, analysis of baseline and inducible RTK phosphorylation confirmed that RMS cells were susceptible to ALK kinase inhibitors even in the absence of the primary intended target, due to the presence of compensatory RTKs signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data, hence, provided evidences of a potentially active role of ALK in RMS cells, but also suggest caution in considering ALK a major therapeutic target in this malignancy, particularly if expression and activity cannot be accurately determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Peron
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica di Padova, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Lovisa
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica di Padova, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Poli
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica di Padova, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica di Padova, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica di Padova, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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219
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Peckys DB, Korf U, de Jonge N. Local variations of HER2 dimerization in breast cancer cells discovered by correlative fluorescence and liquid electron microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500165. [PMID: 26601217 PMCID: PMC4646781 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of HER2 homodimers plays an important role in breast cancer aggressiveness and progression; however, little is known about its localization. We have studied the intra- and intercellular variation of HER2 at the single-molecule level in intact SKBR3 breast cancer cells. Whole cells were visualized in hydrated state with correlative fluorescence microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The locations of individual HER2 receptors were detected using an anti-HER2 affibody in combination with a quantum dot (QD), a fluorescent nanoparticle. Fluorescence microscopy revealed considerable differences of HER2 membrane expression between individual cells and between different membrane regions of the same cell (that is, membrane ruffles and flat areas). Subsequent ESEM of the corresponding cellular regions provided images of individually labeled HER2 receptors. The high spatial resolution of 3 nm and the close proximity between the QD and the receptor allowed quantifying the stoichiometry of HER2 complexes, distinguishing between monomers, dimers, and higher-order clusters. Downstream data analysis based on calculating the pair correlation function from receptor positions showed that cellular regions exhibiting membrane ruffles contained a substantial fraction of HER2 in homodimeric state. Larger-order clusters were also present. Membrane areas with homogeneous membrane topography, on the contrary, displayed HER2 in random distribution. Second, HER2 homodimers appeared to be absent from a small subpopulation of cells exhibiting a flat membrane topography, possibly resting cells. Local differences in homodimer presence may point toward functional differences with possible relevance for studying metastasis and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana B. Peckys
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrike Korf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels de Jonge
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Saarland, Campus A5 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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220
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Zhou Y, Mao H, Joddar B, Umeki N, Sako Y, Wada KI, Nishioka C, Takahashi E, Wang Y, Ito Y. The significance of membrane fluidity of feeder cell-derived substrates for maintenance of iPS cell stemness. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11386. [PMID: 26065582 PMCID: PMC4464345 DOI: 10.1038/srep11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of cell-derived substrates to maintain undifferentiated murine-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was correlated to membrane fluidity as a new parameter of cell culture substrates. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were employed as feeder cells and their membrane fluidity was tuned by chemical fixation using formaldehyde (FA). Membrane fluidity was evaluated by real-time single-molecule observations of green fluorescent protein-labeled epidermal growth factor receptors on chemically fixed MEFs. Biological activity was monitored by colony formation of iPS cells. Treatment with a low concentration of FA sustained the membrane fluidity and biological activity, which were comparable to those of mitomycin C-treated MEFs. The biological activity was further confirmed by sustained expression of alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, and other pluripotency markers in iPS cells after 3-5 days of culture on FA-fixed MEFs. Chemical fixation of feeder cells has several advantages such as providing ready-to-use culture substrates without contamination by proliferating feeder cells. Therefore, our results provide an important basis for the development of chemically fixed culture substrates for pluripotent stem cell culture as an alternative to conventional treatment by mitomycin C or x-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, No.1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Binata Joddar
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Umeki
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wada
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chieko Nishioka
- Support Unit for Animal Experiment, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eiki Takahashi
- Support Unit for Animal Experiment, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, No.1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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221
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Hartmann M, Parra LM, Ruschel A, Lindner C, Morrison H, Herrlich A, Herrlich P. Inside-out Regulation of Ectodomain Cleavage of Cluster-of-Differentiation-44 (CD44) and of Neuregulin-1 Requires Substrate Dimerization. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17041-54. [PMID: 25925953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.610204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane precursor proteins generates numerous life-essential molecules, such as epidermal growth factor receptor ligands. This cleavage not only releases the regulatory growth factor, but it is also the required first step for the subsequent processing by γ-secretase and the release of gene regulatory intracellular fragments. Signaling within the cell modifies the cytoplasmic tails of substrates, a step important in starting the specific and regulated cleavage of a large number of studied substrates. Ectodomain cleavage occurs, however, on the outside of the plasma membrane and is carried out by membrane-bound metalloproteases. How the intracellular domain modification communicates with the ectodomain of the substrate to allow for cleavage to occur is unknown. Here, we show that homodimerization of a cluster-of-differentiation-44 or of pro-neuregulin-1 monomers represents an essential pre-condition for their regulated ectodomain cleavage. Both substrates are associated with their respective metalloproteases under both basal or cleavage-stimulated conditions. These interactions only turn productive by specific intracellular signal-induced intracellular domain modifications of the substrates, which in turn regulate metalloprotease access to the substrates' ectodomain and cleavage. We propose that substrate intracellular domain modification induces a relative rotation or other positional change of the dimerization partners that allow metalloprotease cleavage in the extracellular space. Our findings fill an important gap in understanding substrate-specific inside-out signal transfer along cleaved transmembrane proteins and suggest that substrate dimerization (homo- or possibly heterodimerization) might represent a general principle in ectodomain shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hartmann
- From the Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany and
| | - Liseth M Parra
- From the Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany and the Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusett 02115
| | - Anne Ruschel
- From the Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany and
| | - Christina Lindner
- From the Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany and
| | - Helen Morrison
- From the Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany and
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- the Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusett 02115
| | - Peter Herrlich
- From the Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany and
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222
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Huang H, Simsek MF, Jin W, Pralle A. Effect of receptor dimerization on membrane lipid raft structure continuously quantified on single cells by camera based fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121777. [PMID: 25811483 PMCID: PMC4374828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane bound cell signaling is modulated by the membrane ultra-structure, which itself may be affected by signaling. However, measuring the interaction of membrane proteins with membrane structures in intact cells in real-time poses considerable challenges. In this paper we present a non-destructive fluorescence method that quantifies these interactions in single cells, and is able to monitor the same cell continuously to observe small changes. This approach combines total internal fluorescence microscopy with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to measure the protein's diffusion and molecular concentration in different sized areas simultaneously. It correctly differentiates proteins interacting with membrane fences from proteins interacting with cholesterol-stabilized domains, or lipid rafts. This method detects small perturbations of the membrane ultra-structure or of a protein's tendency to dimerize. Through continuous monitoring of single cells, we demonstrate how dimerization of GPI-anchored proteins increases their association with the structural domains. Using a dual-color approach we study the effect of dimerization of one GPI-anchored protein on another type of GPI-anchored protein expressed in the same cell. Scans over the cell surface reveal a correlation between cholesterol stabilized domains and membrane cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Huang
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - M. Fethullah Simsek
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Weixiang Jin
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Arnd Pralle
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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223
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Hanold LE, Oruganty K, Ton NT, Beedle AM, Kannan N, Kennedy EJ. Inhibiting EGFR dimerization using triazolyl-bridged dimerization arm mimics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118796. [PMID: 25790232 PMCID: PMC4366150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in multiple carcinomas and is the focus of a variety of targeted therapies. Here we report the design of peptide-based compounds that mimic the EGFR dimerization arm and inhibit allosteric activation of EGFR. These peptides are modified to contain a triazolyl bridge between the peptide strands to constrain the EGFR dimerization arm β-loop. In this study, we demonstrate that these peptides have significantly improved proteolytic stability over the non-modified peptide sequence, and their inhibitory effects are dependent on the number of the methylene units and orientation of the introduced triazolyl bridge. We identified a peptide, EDA2, which downregulates receptor phosphorylation and dimerization and reduces cell viability. This is the first example of a biologically active triazolyl-bridged peptide targeting the EGFR dimerization interface that effectively downregulates EGFR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Hanold
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Krishnadev Oruganty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Norman T. Ton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Beedle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eileen J. Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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224
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Chen X, Khajeh JA, Ju JH, Gupta YK, Stanley CB, Do C, Heller WT, Aggarwal AK, Callaway DJE, Bu Z. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate clusters the cell adhesion molecule CD44 and assembles a specific CD44-Ezrin heterocomplex, as revealed by small angle neutron scattering. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6639-52. [PMID: 25572402 PMCID: PMC4358296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule CD44 regulates diverse cellular functions, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, cell motility, migration, differentiation, and growth. In cells, CD44 co-localizes with the membrane-cytoskeleton adapter protein Ezrin that links the CD44 assembled receptor signaling complexes to the cytoskeletal actin network, which organizes the spatial and temporal localization of signaling events. Here we report that the cytoplasmic tail of CD44 (CD44ct) is largely disordered. Upon binding to the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), CD44ct clusters into aggregates. Further, contrary to the generally accepted model, CD44ct does not bind directly to the FERM domain of Ezrin or to the full-length Ezrin but only forms a complex with FERM or with the full-length Ezrin in the presence of PIP2. Using contrast variation small angle neutron scattering, we show that PIP2 mediates the assembly of a specific heterotetramer complex of CD44ct with Ezrin. This study reveals the role of PIP2 in clustering CD44 and in assembling multimeric CD44-Ezrin complexes. We hypothesize that polyvalent electrostatic interactions are responsible for the assembly of CD44 clusters and the multimeric PIP2-CD44-Ezrin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, the School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Jahan Ali Khajeh
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031
| | - Jeong Ho Ju
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031
| | - Yogesh K Gupta
- the Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, and
| | - Christopher B Stanley
- the Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Changwoo Do
- the Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - William T Heller
- the Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Aneel K Aggarwal
- the Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, and
| | - David J E Callaway
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031
| | - Zimei Bu
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031,
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225
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Lin CY, Huang JY, Lo LW. Unraveling the impact of lipid domains on the dimerization processes of single-molecule EGFRs of live cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:886-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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226
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Nevoltris D, Lombard B, Dupuis E, Mathis G, Chames P, Baty D. Conformational nanobodies reveal tethered epidermal growth factor receptor involved in EGFR/ErbB2 predimers. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1388-1399. [PMID: 25603171 DOI: 10.1021/nn505752u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell-surface receptor with a single transmembrane domain and tyrosine kinase activity carried by the intracellular domain. This receptor is one of the four members of the ErbB family including ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. Ligand binding, like EGF binding, induces a conformational rearrangement of the receptor and induces a homo/hetero dimerization essentially with ErbB family receptors that leads to the phosphorylation of the kinase domain, triggering a signaling cascade. EGFR can also form inactive dimers in a ligand-independent way through interactions between cytoplasmic domains. To date, the conformation of EGFR extracellular domain engaged in these inactive dimers remains unclear. In this study, we describe the successful selection and characterization of llama anti-EGFR nanobodies and their use as innovative conformational sensors. We isolated three different specific anti-EGFR clones binding to three distinct epitopes. Interestingly, the binding of all three nanobodies was found highly sensitive to ligand stimulation. Two nanobodies, D10 and E10, can only bind the ligand-free EGFR conformation characterized by an intramolecular tether between domains II and IV, whereas nanobody G10 binds both ligand-free and ligand activated EGFR, with an 8-fold higher affinity for the extended conformation in the presence of ligand. Here we took advantage of these conformational probes to reveal the existence of tethered EGFR in EGFR/ErbB2 predimers. These biosensors represent important tools allowing the determination of EGFR conformations and should help the design of relevant inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Nevoltris
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille F-13009, France
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227
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Lacalle RA, de Karam JC, Martínez-Muñoz L, Artetxe I, Peregil RM, Sot J, Rojas AM, Goñi FM, Mellado M, Mañes S. Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase homo- and heterodimerization determines its membrane localization and activity. FASEB J 2015; 29:2371-85. [PMID: 25713054 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5KIs; α, β, and γ) are a family of isoenzymes that produce phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] using phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate as substrate. Their structural homology with the class II lipid kinases [type II phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase (PIP4KII)] suggests that PIP5KI dimerizes, although this has not been formally demonstrated. Neither the hypothetical structural dimerization determinants nor the functional consequences of dimerization have been studied. Here, we used Förster resonance energy transfer, coprecipitation, and ELISA to show that PIP5KIβ forms homo- and heterodimers with PIP5KIγ_i2 in vitro and in live human cells. Dimerization appears to be a general phenomenon for PIP5KI isoenzymes because PIP5KIβ/PIP5KIα heterodimers were also detected by mass spectrometry. Dimerization was independent of actin cytoskeleton remodeling and was also observed using purified proteins. Mutagenesis studies of PIP5KIβ located the dimerization motif at the N terminus, in a region homologous to that implicated in PIP4KII dimerization. PIP5KIβ mutants whose dimerization was impaired showed a severe decrease in PI(4,5)P2 production and plasma membrane delocalization, although their association to lipid monolayers was unaltered. Our results identify dimerization as an integral feature of PIP5K proteins and a central determinant of their enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ana Lacalle
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan C de Karam
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Muñoz
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Ibai Artetxe
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa M Peregil
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Sot
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Rojas
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Santos Mañes
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Siurot s/n, Seville, Spain
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228
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Mashanov GI. Single molecule dynamics in a virtual cell: a three-dimensional model that produces simulated fluorescence video-imaging data. J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140442. [PMID: 25008080 PMCID: PMC4233692 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of single molecule imaging experiments is complicated by the stochastic nature of single molecule events, by instrument noise and by the limited information which can be gathered about any individual molecule observed. Consequently, it is important to cross check experimental results using a model simulating single molecule dynamics (e.g. movements and binding events) in a virtual cell-like environment. The output of such a model should match the real data format allowing researchers to compare simulated results with the real experiments. The proposed model exploits the advantages of ‘object-oriented’ computing. First of all, the ability to create and manipulate a number of classes, each containing an arbitrary number of single molecule objects. These classes may include objects moving within the ‘cytoplasm’; objects moving at the ‘plasma membrane’; and static objects located inside the ‘body’. The objects of a given class can interact with each other and/or with the objects of other classes according to their physical and chemical properties. Each model run generates a sequence of images, each containing summed images of all fluorescent objects emitting light under given illumination conditions with realistic levels of noise and emission fluctuations. The model accurately reproduces reported single molecule experiments and predicts the outcome of future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I Mashanov
- Division of Physical Biochemistry, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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229
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Kilinc D, Lesniak A, Rashdan SA, Gandhi D, Blasiak A, Fannin PC, von Kriegsheim A, Kolch W, Lee GU. Mechanochemical stimulation of MCF7 cells with rod-shaped Fe-Au Janus particles induces cell death through paradoxical hyperactivation of ERK. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:395-404. [PMID: 25296863 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles that actively target-specific tissues are studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Magnetically and optically active particles are of particular interest because they enable multiple imaging modalities and physically modulated therapies, such as magnetic hyperthermia. Fe-Au nanorods are synthesized that have a long iron segment, coated with polyethylene glycol, and a short gold tip functionalized with heregulin (HRG), a known ligand of ErbB family of receptors. HRG-nanorods preferentially target MCF7 cells relative to MDA-MB-231 cells, as demonstrated in a novel microfluidics device. Targeting rates of these classical breast cancer cells correlate with their differential expression of ErbB2/3 receptors. HRG-nanorod binding stimulates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) phosphorylation in MCF7 cells. The increase in ERK phosphorylation is linked to "active zones," dynamic regions in the cell periphery, which exhibit higher rates of particle binding than the rest of the cell. Periodically stretching cells using magnetic tweezers further activates ERK, which leads to cell death in cells co-treated with B-Raf inhibitors, through ERK hyperactivation. Although to a lesser extent, cell death is also achieved through magnetic hyperthermia. These results demonstrate nanoscale targeting and localized mechanochemical treatment of specific cancer cell lines based on their receptor expression using multifunctional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilinc
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Anna Lesniak
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Suad A. Rashdan
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bahrain; P.O. Box: 32038 Sakheer Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Dhruv Gandhi
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Agata Blasiak
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Paul C. Fannin
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Systems Biology Ireland; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Gil U. Lee
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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230
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Villaseñor R, Nonaka H, Del Conte-Zerial P, Kalaidzidis Y, Zerial M. Regulation of EGFR signal transduction by analogue-to-digital conversion in endosomes. eLife 2015; 4:e06156. [PMID: 25650738 PMCID: PMC4384751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An outstanding question is how receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) determine different cell-fate decisions despite sharing the same signalling cascades. Here, we uncovered an unexpected mechanism of RTK trafficking in this process. By quantitative high-resolution FRET microscopy, we found that phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR) is not randomly distributed but packaged at constant mean amounts in endosomes. Cells respond to higher EGF concentrations by increasing the number of endosomes but keeping the mean p-EGFR content per endosome almost constant. By mathematical modelling, we found that this mechanism confers both robustness and regulation to signalling output. Different growth factors caused specific changes in endosome number and size in various cell systems and changing the distribution of p-EGFR between endosomes was sufficient to reprogram cell-fate decision upon EGF stimulation. We propose that the packaging of p-RTKs in endosomes is a general mechanism to ensure the fidelity and specificity of the signalling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villaseñor
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell
Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hidenori Nonaka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell
Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell
Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of
Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State
University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell
Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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231
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Arimoto KI, Weng S, Zhang DE. Plakophilin-2 induced EGFR phosphorylation: a focus on the intracellular activators of EGFR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:e485. [PMID: 25995992 DOI: 10.14800/rci.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic role of EGFR in many tumors has attracted a great deal of attention in the recent years and initiated the development of several potent EGFR inhibitors, which are used clinically for cancer treatment. However, the current therapeutic inhibition of EGFR signaling is limited to monoclonal antibodies that bind to the EGFR extracellular domain or tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block EGFR kinase activation directly. Despite the great promise of these inhibitors, a certain percentage of patients develop resistance to these therapies, highlighting the necessity for alternative therapeutic strategies based on our most current knowledge of the mechanisms of EGFR signaling. We recently reported that Plakofilin-2 (PKP2) is a novel ligand-independent cytoplasmic activator of EGFR signaling. Here we focus on recent studies demonstrating important roles of intracellular EGFR activators, and propose targeted disruption of these activators as a novel avenue of therapeutic intervention to inhibit EGFR-mediated cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center ; Department of Pathology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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232
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Vu TQ, Lam WY, Hatch EW, Lidke DS. Quantum dots for quantitative imaging: from single molecules to tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:71-86. [PMID: 25620410 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction to biological imaging, quantum dots (QDs) have progressed from a little known, but attractive, technology to one that has gained broad application in many areas of biology. The versatile properties of these fluorescent nanoparticles have allowed investigators to conduct biological studies with extended spatiotemporal capabilities that were previously not possible. In this review, we focus on QD applications that provide enhanced quantitative information concerning protein dynamics and localization, including single particle tracking and immunohistochemistry, and finish by examining the prospects of upcoming applications, such as correlative light and electron microscopy and super-resolution. Advances in single molecule imaging, including multi-color and three-dimensional QD tracking, have provided new insights into the mechanisms of cell signaling and protein trafficking. New forms of QD tracking in vivo have allowed the observation of biological processes at molecular level resolution in the physiological context of the whole animal. Further methodological development of multiplexed QD-based immunohistochemistry assays should enable more quantitative analysis of key proteins in tissue samples. These advances highlight the unique quantitative data sets that QDs can provide to further our understanding of biological and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Q Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore., USA,
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233
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Kovacs E, Zorn JA, Huang Y, Barros T, Kuriyan J. A structural perspective on the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:739-64. [PMID: 25621509 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many cancers. The structure of intact forms of this receptor has yet to be determined, but intense investigations of fragments of the receptor have provided a detailed view of its activation mechanism, which we review here. Ligand binding converts the receptor to a dimeric form, in which contacts are restricted to the receptor itself, allowing heterodimerization of the four EGFR family members without direct ligand involvement. Activation of the receptor depends on the formation of an asymmetric dimer of kinase domains, in which one kinase domain allosterically activates the other. Coupling between the extracellular and intracellular domains may involve a switch between alternative crossings of the transmembrane helices, which form dimeric structures. We also discuss how receptor regulation is compromised by oncogenic mutations and the structural basis for negative cooperativity in ligand binding.
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234
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Marchetti L, Luin S, Bonsignore F, de Nadai T, Beltram F, Cattaneo A. Ligand-induced dynamics of neurotrophin receptors investigated by single-molecule imaging approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1949-79. [PMID: 25603178 PMCID: PMC4307343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are secreted proteins that regulate neuronal development and survival, as well as maintenance and plasticity of the adult nervous system. The biological activity of neurotrophins stems from their binding to two membrane receptor types, the tropomyosin receptor kinase and the p75 neurotrophin receptors (NRs). The intracellular signalling cascades thereby activated have been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description of the ligand-induced nanoscale details of NRs dynamics and interactions spanning from the initial lateral movements triggered at the plasma membrane to the internalization and transport processes is still missing. Recent advances in high spatio-temporal resolution imaging techniques have yielded new insight on the dynamics of NRs upon ligand binding. Here we discuss requirements, potential and practical implementation of these novel approaches for the study of neurotrophin trafficking and signalling, in the framework of current knowledge available also for other ligand-receptor systems. We shall especially highlight the correlation between the receptor dynamics activated by different neurotrophins and the respective signalling outcome, as recently revealed by single-molecule tracking of NRs in living neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marchetti
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Stefano Luin
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Bonsignore
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Teresa de Nadai
- Biology Laboratory (BioSNS), Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa I-56100, Italy.
| | - Fabio Beltram
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Biology Laboratory (BioSNS), Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa I-56100, Italy.
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235
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Li X, Sun L, Hou J, Gui M, Ying J, Zhao H, Lv N, Meng S. Cell membrane gp96 facilitates HER2 dimerization and serves as a novel target in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:512-24. [PMID: 25546612 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
HER2 receptor dimerization is a critical step in the HER2 activation process. Here, we demonstrated that heat shock protein gp96 on cell membrane interacts with HER2, facilitates HER2 dimerization and promotes cell proliferation. Cell membrane gp96 levels were observed to correlate with HER2 phosphorylation in primary breast tumors. Finally, we provide evidence that targeting gp96 with a specific monoclonal antibody led to decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis in vitro, and suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Our work represents a new therapeutic strategy for inhibiting HER2 signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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236
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Single-molecule tracking of small GTPase Rac1 uncovers spatial regulation of membrane translocation and mechanism for polarized signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E267-76. [PMID: 25561548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409667112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarized Rac1 signaling is a hallmark of many cellular functions, including cell adhesion, motility, and cell division. The two steps of Rac1 activation are its translocation to the plasma membrane and the exchange of nucleotide from GDP to GTP. It is, however, unclear whether these two processes are regulated independent of each other and what their respective roles are in polarization of Rac1 signaling. We designed a single-particle tracking (SPT) method to quantitatively analyze the kinetics of Rac1 membrane translocation in living cells. We found that the rate of Rac1 translocation was significantly elevated in protrusions during cell spreading on collagen. Furthermore, combining FRET sensor imaging with SPT measurements in the same cell, the recruitment of Rac1 was found to be polarized to an extent similar to that of the nucleotide exchange process. Statistical analysis of single-molecule trajectories and optogenetic manipulation of membrane lipids revealed that Rac1 membrane translocation precedes nucleotide exchange, and is governed primarily by interactions with phospholipids, particularly PI(3,4,5)P3, instead of protein factors. Overall, the study highlights the significance of membrane translocation in spatial Rac1 signaling, which is in addition to the traditional view focusing primarily on GEF distribution and exchange reaction.
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237
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Suzuki KG. New Insights into the Organization of Plasma Membrane and Its Role in Signal Transduction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:67-96. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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238
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Pawar AB, Deshpande SA, Gopal SM, Wassenaar TA, Athale CA, Sengupta D. Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of transmembrane helix association. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1390-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03732d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transient dimerization of transmembrane proteins is an important event in several cellular processes and here we use coarse-grain and meso-scale modeling methods to quantify their underlying dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tsjerk A. Wassenaar
- Department of Biology
- Computational Biology
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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239
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Wegner KD, Hildebrandt N. Quantum dots: bright and versatile in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging biosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4792-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00532e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Colourful cells and tissues: semiconductor quantum dots and their versatile applications in multiplexed bioimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. David Wegner
- NanoBioPhotonics
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
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240
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Constitutive and ligand-induced EGFR signalling triggers distinct and mutually exclusive downstream signalling networks. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5811. [PMID: 25503978 PMCID: PMC4268886 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression plays an important oncogenic role in cancer. Regular EGFR protein levels are increased in cancer cells and the receptor then becomes constitutively active. However, downstream signals generated by constitutively activated EGFR are unknown. Here we report that the overexpressed EGFR oscillates between two distinct and mutually exclusive modes of signalling. Constitutive or non-canonical EGFR signalling activates the transcription factor IRF3 leading to expression of IFI27, IFIT1 and TRAIL. Ligand-mediated activation of EGFR switches off IRF3-dependent transcription, activates canonical extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt signals, and confers sensitivity to chemotherapy and virus-induced cell death. Mechanistically, the distinct downstream signals result from a switch of EGFR-associated proteins. EGFR constitutively complexes with IRF3 and TBK1 leading to TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation. Addition of epidermal growth factor dissociates TBK1, IRF3 and EGFR leading to a loss of IRF3 activity, Shc-EGFR association and ERK activation. Finally, we provide evidence for non-canonical EGFR signalling in glioblastoma.
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241
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Patel AL, Chen X, Wood ST, Stuart ES, Arcaro KF, Molina DP, Petrovic S, Furdui CM, Tsang AW. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor is required for Chlamydia trachomatis development. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:277. [PMID: 25471819 PMCID: PMC4269859 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a clinically significant human pathogen and one of the leading causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases. As obligate intracellular bacteria, C. trachomatis has evolved strategies to redirect the host’s signaling and resources for its own survival and propagation. Despite the clinical notoriety of Chlamydia infections, the molecular interactions between C. trachomatis and its host cell proteins remain elusive. Results In this study, we focused on the involvement of the host cell epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in C. trachomatis attachment and development. A combination of molecular approaches, pharmacological agents and cell lines were used to demonstrate distinct functional requirements of EGFR in C. trachomatis infection. We show that C. trachomatis increases the phosphorylation of EGFR and of its downstream effectors PLCγ1, Akt and STAT5. While both EGFR and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ) are partially involved in bacterial attachment to the host cell surface, it is only the knockdown of EGFR and not PDGFRβ that affects the formation of C. trachomatis inclusions in the host cells. Inhibition of EGFR results in small immature inclusions, and prevents C. trachomatis-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and the assembly of the characteristic F-actin ring at the inclusion periphery. By using complementary approaches, we demonstrate that the coordinated regulation of both calcium mobilization and F-actin assembly by EGFR are necessary for maturation of chlamydial inclusion within the host cells. A particularly important finding of this study is the co-localization of EGFR with the F-actin at the periphery of C. trachomatis inclusion where it may function to nucleate the assembly of signaling protein complexes for cytoskeletal remodeling required for C. trachomatis development. Conclusion Cumulatively, the data reported here connect the function of EGFR to C. trachomatis attachment and development in the host cells, and this could lead to new venues for targeting C. trachomatis infections and associated diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0277-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achchhe L Patel
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Scott T Wood
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Elizabeth S Stuart
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Doris P Molina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Snezana Petrovic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Allen W Tsang
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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242
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Iacob RE, Chen G, Ahn J, Houel S, Wei H, Mo J, Tao L, Cohen D, Xie D, Lin Z, Morin PE, Doyle ML, Tymiak AA, Engen JR. The influence of adnectin binding on the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:2093-2102. [PMID: 25223306 PMCID: PMC4224629 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The precise and unambiguous elucidation and characterization of interactions between a high affinity recognition entity and its cognate protein provides important insights for the design and development of drugs with optimized properties and efficacy. In oncology, one important target protein has been shown to be the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through the development of therapeutic anticancer antibodies that are selective inhibitors of EGFR activity. More recently, smaller protein derived from the 10th type III domain of human fibronectin termed an adnectin has also been shown to inhibit EGFR in clinical studies. The mechanism of EGFR inhibition by either an adnectin or an antibody results from specific binding of the high affinity protein to the extracellular portion of EGFR (exEGFR) in a manner that prevents phosphorylation of the intracellular kinase domain of the receptor and thereby blocks intracellular signaling. Here, the structural changes induced upon binding were studied by probing the solution conformations of full length exEGFR alone and bound to a cognate adnectin through hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX MS). The effects of binding in solution were identified and compared with the structure of a bound complex determined by X-ray crystallography.ᅟ
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E. Iacob
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Guodong Chen
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joomi Ahn
- Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA
| | | | - Hui Wei
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jingjie Mo
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Biologics Manufacturing and Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Hopewell, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Dianlin Xie
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zheng Lin
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Paul E. Morin
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L. Doyle
- Protein Science, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Adrienne A. Tymiak
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John R. Engen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
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243
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King C, Sarabipour S, Byrne P, Leahy DJ, Hristova K. The FRET signatures of noninteracting proteins in membranes: simulations and experiments. Biophys J 2014; 106:1309-17. [PMID: 24655506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments are often used to study interactions between integral membrane proteins in cellular membranes. However, in addition to the FRET of sequence-specific interactions, these experiments invariably record a contribution due to proximity FRET, which occurs when a donor and an acceptor approach each other by chance within distances of ∼100 Å. This effect does not reflect specific interactions in the membrane and is frequently unappreciated, despite the fact that its magnitude can be significant. Here we develop a computational description of proximity FRET, simulating the cases of proximity FRET when fluorescent proteins are used to tag monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric membrane proteins, as well as membrane proteins existing in monomer-dimer equilibria. We also perform rigorous experimental measurements of this effect, by identifying membrane receptors that do not associate in mammalian membranes. We measure the FRET efficiencies between yellow fluorescent protein and mCherry-tagged versions of these receptors in plasma-membrane-derived vesicles as a function of receptor concentration. Finally, we demonstrate that the experimental measurements are well described by our predictions. The work presented here brings additional rigor to FRET-based studies of membrane protein interactions, and should have broad utility in membrane biophysics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher King
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick Byrne
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel J Leahy
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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244
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Goldkorn T, Filosto S, Chung S. Lung injury and lung cancer caused by cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities involving the ceramide-generating machinery and epidermal growth factor receptor. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2149-74. [PMID: 24684526 PMCID: PMC4215561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are frequently caused by tobacco smoking. However, these diseases present opposite phenotypes involving redox signaling at the cellular level. While COPD is characterized by excessive airway epithelial cell death and lung injury, lung cancer is caused by uncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation. Notably, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that lung cancer incidence is significantly higher in patients who have preexisting emphysema/lung injury. However, the molecular link and common cell signaling events underlying lung injury diseases and lung cancer are poorly understood. This review focuses on studies of molecular mechanism(s) underlying smoking-related lung injury (COPD) and lung cancer. Specifically, the role of the ceramide-generating machinery during cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress leading to both apoptosis and proliferation of lung epithelial cells is emphasized. Over recent years, it has been established that ceramide is a sphingolipid playing a major role in lung epithelia structure/function leading to lung injury in chronic pulmonary diseases. However, new and unexpected findings draw attention to its potential role in lung development, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. To address this dichotomy in detail, evidence is presented regarding several protein targets, including Src, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and neutral sphingomyelinase 2, the major sphingomyelinase that controls ceramide generation during oxidative stress. Furthermore, their roles are presented not only in apoptosis and lung injury but also in enhancing cell proliferation, lung cancer development, and resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy for treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipora Goldkorn
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California School of Medicine , Davis, California
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245
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Mujoo K, Choi BK, Huang Z, Zhang N, An Z. Regulation of ERBB3/HER3 signaling in cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:10222-36. [PMID: 25400118 PMCID: PMC4279368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB3/HER3 is emerging as a molecular target for various cancers. HER3 is overexpressed and activated in a number of cancer types under the conditions of acquired resistance to other HER family therapeutic interventions such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody therapies. Regulation of the HER3 expression and signaling involves numerous HER3 interacting proteins. These proteins include PI3K, Shc, and E3 ubiquitin ligases NEDD4 and Nrdp1. Furthermore, recent identification of a number of HER3 oncogenic mutations in colon and gastric cancers elucidate the role of HER3 in cancer development. Despite the strong evidence regarding the role of HER3 in cancer, the current understanding of the regulation of HER3 expression and activation requires additional research. Moreover, the lack of biomarkers for HER3-driven cancer poses a big challenge for the clinical development of HER3 targeting antibodies. Therefore, a better understanding of HER3 regulation should improve the strategies to therapeutically target HER3 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Mujoo
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Current address: Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Byung-Kwon Choi
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhao Huang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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246
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Bessman NJ, Freed DM, Lemmon MA. Putting together structures of epidermal growth factor receptors. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 29:95-101. [PMID: 25460273 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous crystal structures have been reported for the isolated extracellular region and tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its relatives, in different states of activation and bound to a variety of inhibitors used in cancer therapy. The next challenge is to put these structures together accurately in functional models of the intact receptor in its membrane environment. The intact EGFR has been studied using electron microscopy, chemical biology methods, biochemically, and computationally. The distinct approaches yield different impressions about the structural modes of communication between extracellular and intracellular regions. They highlight possible differences between ligands, and also underline the need to understand how the receptor interacts with the membrane itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Bessman
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, United States
| | - Daniel M Freed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, United States
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, United States.
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247
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Seo D, Farlow J, Southard K, Jun YW, Gartner ZJ. Production and targeting of monovalent quantum dots. J Vis Exp 2014:e52198. [PMID: 25407345 PMCID: PMC4309134 DOI: 10.3791/52198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The multivalent nature of commercial quantum dots (QDs) and the difficulties associated with producing monovalent dots have limited their applications in biology, where clustering and the spatial organization of biomolecules is often the object of study. We describe here a protocol to produce monovalent quantum dots (mQDs) that can be accomplished in most biological research laboratories via a simple mixing of CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs with phosphorothioate DNA (ptDNA) of defined length. After a single ptDNA strand has wrapped the QD, additional strands are excluded from the surface. Production of mQDs in this manner can be accomplished at small and large scale, with commercial reagents, and in minimal steps. These mQDs can be specifically directed to biological targets by hybridization to a complementary single stranded targeting DNA. We demonstrate the use of these mQDs as imaging probes by labeling SNAP-tagged Notch receptors on live mammalian cells, targeted by mQDs bearing a benzylguanine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeha Seo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley; Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
| | - Justin Farlow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco; Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco; Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kade Southard
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco; Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Young-Wook Jun
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco; Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco;
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco; Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco; Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco;
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248
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Single-molecule optical methods analyzing receptor tyrosine kinase activation in living cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014. [PMID: 25319887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1789-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is typically measured by diverse biochemical methods detecting the amount of phosphorylation of proteins within a cell lysate. In this chapter, we present biophysical methods that allow for studying the activation process of single receptors, in particular the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, in live cells. We describe optical tracking of quantum dot (QD)-labeled single receptors using the total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), and initial steps of data analysis to identify the time-dependent variation of single-receptor diffusion, which can be widely applied to studying activation of various cell surface receptors.
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249
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Emerging concepts in the regulation of the EGF receptor and other receptor tyrosine kinases. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:437-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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250
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Marquèze-Pouey B, Mailfert S, Rouger V, Goaillard JM, Marguet D. Physiological epidermal growth factor concentrations activate high affinity receptors to elicit calcium oscillations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106803. [PMID: 25265278 PMCID: PMC4179260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling mediated by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) is crucial in tissue development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis. EGF is mitogenic at picomolar concentrations and is known to bind its receptor on high affinity binding sites depending of the oligomerization state of the receptor (monomer or dimer). In spite of these observations, the cellular response induced by EGF has been mainly characterized for nanomolar concentrations of the growth factor, and a clear definition of the cellular response to circulating (picomolar) concentrations is still lacking. We investigated Ca2+ signaling, an early event in EGF responses, in response to picomolar doses in COS-7 cells where the monomer/dimer equilibrium is unaltered by the synthesis of exogenous EGFR. Using the fluo5F Ca2+ indicator, we found that picomolar concentrations of EGF induced in 50% of the cells a robust oscillatory Ca2+ signal quantitatively similar to the Ca2+ signal induced by nanomolar concentrations. However, responses to nanomolar and picomolar concentrations differed in their underlying mechanisms as the picomolar EGF response involved essentially plasma membrane Ca2+ channels that are not activated by internal Ca2+ store depletion, while the nanomolar EGF response involved internal Ca2+ release. Moreover, while the picomolar EGF response was modulated by charybdotoxin-sensitive K+ channels, the nanomolar response was insensitive to the blockade of these ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Marquèze-Pouey
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sébastien Mailfert
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Rouger
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Goaillard
- INSERM, UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UNIS, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Marguet
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
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