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Postprandial FGF19-induced phosphorylation by Src is critical for FXR function in bile acid homeostasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2590. [PMID: 29968724 PMCID: PMC6030054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) plays a central role in maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis by transcriptional control of numerous enterohepatic genes, including intestinal FGF19, a hormone that strongly represses hepatic BA synthesis. How activation of the FGF19 receptor at the membrane is transmitted to the nucleus for transcriptional regulation of BA levels and whether FGF19 signaling posttranslationally modulates FXR function remain largely unknown. Here we show that FXR is phosphorylated at Y67 by non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, in response to postprandial FGF19, which is critical for its nuclear localization and transcriptional regulation of BA levels. Liver-specific expression of phospho-defective Y67F-FXR or Src downregulation in mice results in impaired homeostatic responses to acute BA feeding, and exacerbates cholestatic pathologies upon drug-induced hepatobiliary insults. Also, the hepatic FGF19-Src-FXR pathway is defective in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients. This study identifies Src-mediated FXR phosphorylation as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for BA-related enterohepatic diseases. FXR plays an important role in bile acid homeostasis by transcriptionally modulating several enterohepatic genes, including intestinal FGF19, that repress hepatic bile acid synthesis. Here the authors show that postprandial FGF19 regulates FXR transcriptional activity via its action on the tyrosine kinase Src, which phosphorylates FXR.
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Kokuda R, Watanabe R, Okuzaki D, Akamatsu H, Oneyama C. MicroRNA-137-mediated Src oncogenic signaling promotes cancer progression. Genes Cells 2018; 23:688-701. [PMID: 29962093 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase c-Src is frequently overexpressed and activated in a wide variety of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the upregulation of c-Src remain elusive. To examine whether microRNA-mediated c-Src upregulation promotes cancer progression, we screened miRNAs with complementarity to the 3'-UTR of c-Src mRNA. Among these miRNAs, down-regulation of miR-137 was tightly associated with c-Src-mediated tumor progression of human colon cancer cells/tissues. Re-expression of miR-137 in human colon cancer cells suppressed tumor growth and caused the disruption of focal contacts, suppression of cell adhesion, and invasion, although restoration of c-Src in miR-137-treated cells could not fully rescue the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-137. We found that miR-137 targets AKT2 and paxillin also and miR-137-mediated regulation of c-Src /AKT2 is crucial for controlling tumor growth, whereas that of c-Src/paxillin contributes to malignancy. miR-137 suppressed Src-related oncogenic signaling and changed the expression of miRNAs that are regulated by Src activation. miR-137 controls the expression of c-Src/AKT2/paxillin and synergistically suppresses Src oncogenic signaling evoked from focal adhesions. In various human cancers that harbor c-Src upregulation, the dysfunction of this novel mechanism would serve as a critical trigger for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kokuda
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Risayo Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- DNA-chip Developmental Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Chitose Oneyama
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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203
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Hussein HAM, Okafor IB, Walker LR, Abdel-Raouf UM, Akula SM. Cellular and viral oncogenes: the key to unlocking unknowns of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2633-2643. [PMID: 29936609 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses carry an extensive arsenal of oncogenes for hijacking cellular pathways. Notably, variations in oncogenes among tumor-producing viruses give rise to different mechanisms for cellular transformation. Specifically, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus able to infect and transform a variety of cell types. The oncogenicity of KSHV disseminates from the virus' ability to induce and encode a wide variety of both cellular and viral oncogenes. Such an array of cellular and viral oncogenes enables KSHV to induce the malignant phenotype of a KSHV-associated cancer. Evolutionarily, KSHV has acquired many oncogenic homologues capable of inducing cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell survival, and immune evasion. Integration between inducing and encoding oncogenes plays a vital role in KSHV pathogenicity. KSHV is alleged to harbor the highest number of potential oncogenes by which a virus promotes cellular transformation and malignancy. Many KSHV inducing/encoding oncogenes are mainly expressed during the latent phase of KSHV infection, a period required for virus establishment of malignant cellular transformation. Elucidation of the exact mechanism(s) by which oncogenes promote KSHV pathogenicity would not only give rise to potential novel therapeutic targets/drugs but would also add to our understanding of cancer biology. The scope of this review is to examine the roles of the most important cellular and viral oncogenes involved in KSHV pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni A M Hussein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Ikenna B Okafor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Lia R Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Usama M Abdel-Raouf
- Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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204
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Some Biological Consequences of the Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase by Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061657. [PMID: 29867020 PMCID: PMC6032315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Na,K-ATPase is an ionic pump that regulates the osmotic equilibrium and membrane potential of cells and also functions as a signal transducer. The interaction of Na,K-ATPase with translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) results, among others, in the inhibition of the former's pump activity and in the initiation of manifold biological and pathological phenomena. These phenomena include hypertension and cataract development in TCTP-overexpressing transgenic mice, as well as the induction of tumorigenesis signaling pathways and the activation of Src that ultimately leads to cell proliferation and migration. This review attempts to collate the biological effects of Na,K-ATPase and TCTP interaction and suggests that this interaction has the potential to serve as a possible therapeutic target for selected diseases.
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205
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Zeng J, Zhang H, Tan Y, Sun C, Liang Y, Yu J, Zou H. Aggregation of lipid rafts activates c-met and c-Src in non-small cell lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:611. [PMID: 29848294 PMCID: PMC5977465 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase, induces radiation therapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The activated residual of c-Met is located in lipid rafts (Duhon et al. Mol Carcinog 49:739-49, 2010). Therefore, we hypothesized that disturbing the integrity of lipid rafts would restrain the activation of the c-Met protein and reverse radiation resistance in NSCLC. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to test this hypothesis. Methods NSCLC A549 and H1993 cells were incubated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a lipid raft inhibitor, at different concentrations for 1 h before the cells were X-ray irradiated. The following methods were used: clonogenic (colony-forming) survival assays, flow cytometry (for cell cycle and apoptosis analyses), immunofluorescence microscopy (to show the distribution of proteins in lipid rafts), Western blotting, and biochemical lipid raft isolation (purifying lipid rafts to show the distribution of proteins in lipid rafts). Results Our results showed that X-ray irradiation induced the aggregation of lipid rafts in A549 cells, activated c-Met and c-Src, and induced c-Met and c-Src clustering to lipid rafts. More importantly, MβCD suppressed the proliferation of A549 and H1993 cells, and the combination of MβCD and radiation resulted in additive increases in A549 and H1993 cell apoptosis. Destroying the integrity of lipid rafts inhibited the aggregation of c-Met and c-Src to lipid rafts and reduced the expression of phosphorylated c-Met and phosphorylated c-Src in lipid rafts. Conclusions X-ray irradiation induced the aggregation of lipid rafts and the clustering of c-Met and c-Src to lipid rafts through both lipid raft-dependent and lipid raft-independent mechanisms. The lipid raft-dependent activation of c-Met and its downstream pathways played an important role in the development of radiation resistance in NSCLC cells mediated by c-Met. Further studies are still required to explore the molecular mechanisms of the activation of c-Met and c-Src in lipid rafts induced by radiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4501-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zeng
- The First Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated with China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Heying Zhang
- The First Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated with China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yonggang Tan
- The First Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated with China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- The First Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated with China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yusi Liang
- The First Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated with China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jinyang Yu
- The First Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated with China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The First Oncology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated with China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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206
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Poon CLC, Brumby AM, Richardson HE. Src Cooperates with Oncogenic Ras in Tumourigenesis via the JNK and PI3K Pathways in Drosophila epithelial Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061585. [PMID: 29861494 PMCID: PMC6032059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras oncogene (Rat Sarcoma oncogene, a small GTPase) is a key driver of human cancer, however alone it is insufficient to produce malignancy, due to the induction of cell cycle arrest or senescence. In a Drosophila melanogaster genetic screen for genes that cooperate with oncogenic Ras (bearing the RasV12 mutation, or RasACT), we identified the Drosophila Src (Sarcoma virus oncogene) family non-receptor tyrosine protein kinase genes, Src42A and Src64B, as promoting increased hyperplasia in a whole epithelial tissue context in the Drosophila eye. Moreover, overexpression of Src cooperated with RasACT in epithelial cell clones to drive neoplastic tumourigenesis. We found that Src overexpression alone activated the Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signalling pathway to promote actin cytoskeletal and cell polarity defects and drive apoptosis, whereas, in cooperation with RasACT, JNK led to a loss of differentiation and an invasive phenotype. Src + RasACT cooperative tumourigenesis was dependent on JNK as well as Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) signalling, suggesting that targeting these pathways might provide novel therapeutic opportunities in cancers dependent on Src and Ras signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L C Poon
- Cell Cycle and Development lab, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Anthony M Brumby
- Cell Cycle and Development lab, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Helena E Richardson
- Cell Cycle and Development lab, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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207
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Dasatinib reduces 5-Fu-triggered apoptosis in colon carcinoma by directly modulating Src-dependent caspase-9 phosphorylation. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:61. [PMID: 29844931 PMCID: PMC5966379 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical data have revealed the inhibitory effect of dasatinib on colon cancer. However, a combination of dasatinib and conventional chemotherapy has failed to show any meaningful outcome in a series of clinical trials. We, therefore, wondered whether Src kinase inhibitors were suitable for treating colon cancer in combination with chemotherapy drugs. This study was designed to explore whether dasatinib disturbed 5-Fu-triggered apoptosis in colon carcinoma. As a result, we established that Src was able to directly phosphorylate caspase-9 at tyrosine 251, leading to elevated caspase-9 activity. Dasatinib dramatically decreased 5-Fu triggered apoptosis in colon carcinoma via suppression of Src activation. Our findings may have partially explained why dasatinib combined with FOLFOX failed to show a meaningful clinical response in mCRC.
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209
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Sun J, Wang X, Tang B, Liu H, Zhang M, Wang Y, Ping F, Ding J, Shen A, Geng M. A tightly controlled Src-YAP signaling axis determines therapeutic response to dasatinib in renal cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3256-3267. [PMID: 29930727 PMCID: PMC6010995 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, therapies targeting the VEGF/VEGFR and mTOR pathways have served as the standard of care for the clinical management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Albeit promising, these targeted drugs have attained only modest clinical benefits with limited prolonged progression-free survival. Therefore, alternative reasonable and applicable therapeutic approaches should be introduced to improve the clinical outcome of RCC patients. Methods: FDA approved kinase inhibitors were screened to evaluate their abilities to suppress the proliferation of RCC cells. Then, the downstream effector, therapeutic target and signaling pathway of the selected drug were identified by gene expression array, RNAi, kinase profile and rescue verification. Finally, the in vivo effectiveness of the drug was assessed in cell line-based xenograft models and patient-derived xenograft models. Results: In this study, we discovered that dasatinib is a potent agent that can impair RCC cell viability in vitro and decrease tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we improved the understanding of the precise mechanistic role of YAP as a pivotal effector of dasatinib-induced anti-proliferation through Src-JNK-LIMD1-LATS signaling cascade in RCC cells. Meanwhile, our results indicated that the alteration of p-YAP is closely correlated to the growth inhibition caused by dasatinib in sensitive RCC models. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that dasatinib may serve as a powerful drug candidate to treat subgroups of RCC patients with hyper-activated Src-YAP signaling axis, and the alteration of p-YAP could serve as a functional response biomarker of dasatinib in RCC.
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210
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Ly T, Endo A, Brenes A, Gierlinski M, Afzal V, Pawellek A, Lamond AI. Proteome-wide analysis of protein abundance and turnover remodelling during oncogenic transformation of human breast epithelial cells. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:51. [PMID: 29904729 PMCID: PMC5989152 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14392.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Viral oncogenes and mutated proto-oncogenes are potent drivers of cancer malignancy. Downstream of the oncogenic trigger are alterations in protein properties that give rise to cellular transformation and the acquisition of malignant cellular phenotypes. Developments in mass spectrometry enable large-scale, multidimensional characterisation of proteomes. Such techniques could provide an unprecedented, unbiased view of how oncogene activation remodels a human cell proteome. Methods: Using quantitative MS-based proteomics and cellular assays, we analysed how transformation induced by activating v-Src kinase remodels the proteome and cellular phenotypes of breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells. SILAC MS was used to comprehensively characterise the MCF10A proteome and to measure v-Src-induced changes in protein abundance across seven time-points (1-72 hrs). We used pulse-SILAC MS ( Boisvert et al., 2012), to compare protein synthesis and turnover in control and transformed cells. Follow-on experiments employed a combination of cellular and functional assays to characterise the roles of selected Src-responsive proteins. Results: Src-induced transformation changed the expression and/or turnover levels of ~3% of proteins, affecting ~1.5% of the total protein molecules in the cell. Transformation increased the average rate of proteome turnover and disrupted protein homeostasis. We identify distinct classes of protein kinetics in response to Src activation. We demonstrate that members of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) are important regulators of invasion and migration in MCF10A cells. Many Src-regulated proteins are present in low abundance and some are regulated post-transcriptionally. The signature of Src-responsive proteins is highly predictive of poor patient survival across multiple cancer types. Open access to search and interactively explore all these proteomic data is provided via the EPD database ( www.peptracker.com/epd). Conclusions: We present the first comprehensive analysis measuring how protein expression and protein turnover is affected by cell transformation, providing a detailed picture at the protein level of the consequences of activation of an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Ly
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Laboratory for Quantitative Proteomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aki Endo
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Laboratory for Quantitative Proteomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alejandro Brenes
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Laboratory for Quantitative Proteomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Marek Gierlinski
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Laboratory for Quantitative Proteomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Vackar Afzal
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Laboratory for Quantitative Proteomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrea Pawellek
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Laboratory for Quantitative Proteomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Angus I. Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Laboratory for Quantitative Proteomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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211
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Liang X, Zhou JM. Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinases: Central Players in Plant Receptor Kinase-Mediated Signaling. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:267-299. [PMID: 29719165 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor kinases (RKs) are of paramount importance in transmembrane signaling that governs plant reproduction, growth, development, and adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), which lack extracellular ligand-binding domains, have emerged as a major class of signaling proteins that regulate plant cellular activities in response to biotic/abiotic stresses and endogenous extracellular signaling molecules. By associating with immune RKs, RLCKs regulate multiple downstream signaling nodes to orchestrate a complex array of defense responses against microbial pathogens. RLCKs also associate with RKs that perceive brassinosteroids and signaling peptides to coordinate growth, pollen tube guidance, embryonic and stomatal patterning, floral organ abscission, and abiotic stress responses. The activity and stability of RLCKs are dynamically regulated not only by RKs but also by other RLCK-associated proteins. Analyses of RLCK-associated components and substrates have suggested phosphorylation relays as a major mechanism underlying RK-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China;
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China;
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212
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Lou L, Yu Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhao Y. c-Src inhibitor selectively inhibits triple-negative breast cancer overexpressed Vimentin in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1648-1659. [PMID: 29575318 PMCID: PMC5980174 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene c‐Src has been found to be a potential target for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the therapeutic effects of the c‐Src inhibitor on TNBC patients are controversial compared to those on cell lines. The molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of the c‐Src inhibitor on TNBC remain unclear. Herein, we showed that a specific c‐Src inhibitor, PP2, was effective in inhibiting phosphorylation of c‐Src in 4 cell lines: T‐47D, SK‐BR‐3, SUM1315MO2, and MDA‐MB‐231, regardless of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression levels. Giving PP2 preferentially reduced the S phase of cell cycles and inhibited colony formation in SUM1315MO2 and MDA‐MB‐231, but not in SK‐BR‐3 and T‐47D cells. Furthermore, PP2 effectively blocked cell migration/invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TNBC cell lines, SUM1315MO2 and MDA‐MB‐231. An EMT biomarker, vimentin, was highly expressed in 2 TNBC cell lines when they were compared with SK‐BR‐3 and T‐47D cells. Further depletion of vimentin by shRNA remarkably attenuated the inhibitory effects of the c‐Src inhibitor on TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo, indicating a crucial action of vimentin to affect the function of c‐Src in TNBC. This study provides an important rationale for the clinic to precisely select TNBC patients who would benefit from c‐Src inhibitor treatment. This finding suggests that traditional markers for TNBC are not sufficient to precisely define this aggressive type of cancer. Vimentin is identified as an important biomarker to enable categorization of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longquan Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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213
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Smolinski MP, Bu Y, Clements J, Gelman IH, Hegab T, Cutler DL, Fang JWS, Fetterly G, Kwan R, Barnett A, Lau JYN, Hangauer DG. Discovery of Novel Dual Mechanism of Action Src Signaling and Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors (KX2-391 and KX2-361). J Med Chem 2018; 61:4704-4719. [PMID: 29617135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of potent, peptide site directed, tyrosine kinase inhibitors has remained an elusive goal. Herein we describe the discovery of two such clinical candidates that inhibit the tyrosine kinase Src. Compound 1 is a phase 3 clinical trial candidate that is likely to provide a first in class topical treatment for actinic keratosis (AK) with good efficacy and dramatically less toxicity compared to existing standard therapy. Compound 2 is a phase 1 clinical trial candidate that is likely to provide a first in class treatment of malignant glioblastoma and induces 30% long-term complete tumor remission in animal models. The discovery strategy for these compounds iteratively utilized molecular modeling, along with the synthesis and testing of increasingly elaborated proof of concept compounds, until the final clinical candidates were arrived at. This was followed with mechanism of action (MOA) studies that revealed tubulin polymerization inhibition as the second MOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Smolinski
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Yahao Bu
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - James Clements
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| | - Taher Hegab
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - David L Cutler
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Jane W S Fang
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Gerald Fetterly
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Rudolf Kwan
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Allen Barnett
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Johnson Y N Lau
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - David G Hangauer
- Athenex Inc. , Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600 , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
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214
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Sun X, Qi H, Zhang X, Li L, Zhang J, Zeng Q, Laszlo GS, Wei B, Li T, Jiang J, Mogilner A, Fu X, Zhao M. Src activation decouples cell division orientation from cell geometry in mammalian cells. Biomaterials 2018; 170:82-94. [PMID: 29653289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Orientation of cell division plane plays a crucial role in morphogenesis and regeneration. Misoriented cell division underlies many important diseases, such as cancer. Studies with Drosophila and C. elegance models show that Src, a proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase, is a critical regulator of this aspect of mitosis. However, the role for Src in controlling cell division orientation in mammalian cells is not well understood. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches and two extracellular signals to orient cell division, we demonstrated a critical role for Src. Either knockout or pharmacological inhibition of Src would retain the fidelity of cell division orientation with the long-axis orientation of mother cells. Conversely, re-expression of Src would decouple cell division orientation from the pre-division orientation of the long axis of mother cells. Cell division orientation in human breast and gastric cancer tissues showed that the Src activation level correlated with the degree of mitotic spindle misorientation relative to the apical surface. Examination of proteins associated with cortical actin revealed that Src activation regulated the accumulation and local density of adhesion proteins on the sites of cell-matrix attachment. By analyzing division patterns in the cells with or without Src activation and through use of a mathematical model, we further support our findings and provide evidence for a previously unknown role for Src in regulating cell division orientation in relation to the pre-division geometry of mother cells, which may contribute to the misoriented cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems and Control, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 55 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Qunli Zeng
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - George S Laszlo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, USA
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X St #3016, Sacramento, USA
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury Research, Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute, Department of Biology, New York University, 251 Mercer St, New York, USA
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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215
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da Costa PE, Batista WL, Moraes MS, Stern A, Monteiro HP. Src kinase activation by nitric oxide promotes resistance to anoikis in tumour cell lines. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:592-604. [PMID: 29651879 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1455095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumour progression involves the establishment of tumour metastases at distant sites. Resistance to anoikis, a form of cell death that occurs when cells lose contact with the extracellular matrix and with neighbouring cells, is essential for metastases. NO has been associated with anoikis. NO treated HeLa cells and murine melanoma cells in suspension triggered a nitric oxide (NO)-Src kinase signalling circuitry that enabled resistance to anoikis. Two NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (500 µM) and DETANO (125 µM), protected against cell death derived from detachment of a growth permissive surface (experimental anoikis). Under conditions of NO-mediated Src activation the following were observed: (a) down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and cleaved caspase-3 and the cell surface protein, E-cadherin, (b) up-regulation of caveolin-1, and (c) the dissociation of cell aggregates formed when cells are detached from a growth permissive surface. Efficiency of reattachment of tumour cells in suspension and treated with different concentrations of an NO donor, was dependent on the NO concentration. These findings indicate that NO-activated Src kinase triggers a signalling circuitry that provides resistance to anoikis, and allows for metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo E da Costa
- a Department of Biochemistry- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (CTCMol) , Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Campus São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Wagner L Batista
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Campus Diadema, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Miriam S Moraes
- c Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Arnold Stern
- d New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Hugo P Monteiro
- a Department of Biochemistry- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (CTCMol) , Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Campus São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil
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216
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates SRC, relocating chaperones to the cell surface where GRP78/CD109 blocks TGF-β signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4245-E4254. [PMID: 29654145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714866115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal chaperones such as GRP78/BiP can escape to the cell surface upon ER stress where they regulate cell signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, and immunity represents a paradigm shift. Toward deciphering the mechanisms, we report here that, upon ER stress, IRE1α binds to and triggers tyrosine kinase SRC activation, leading to ASAP1 phosphorylation and Golgi accumulation of ASAP1 and Arf1-GTP, resulting in KDEL receptor dispersion from the Golgi and suppression of retrograde transport. At the cell surface, GRP78 binds to and acts in concert with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, CD109, in blocking TGF-β signaling by promoting the routing of the TGF-β receptor to the caveolae, thereby disrupting its binding to and activation of Smad2. Collectively, we uncover a SRC-mediated signaling cascade that leads to the relocalization of ER chaperones to the cell surface and a mechanism whereby GRP78 counteracts the tumor-suppressor effect of TGF-β.
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217
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Leopold AV, Chernov KG, Verkhusha VV. Optogenetically controlled protein kinases for regulation of cellular signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2454-2484. [PMID: 29498733 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes including cell differentiation, survival, migration, axon guidance and neuronal plasticity. A growing set of optogenetic tools, termed opto-kinases, allows activation and inhibition of different protein kinases with light. The optogenetic regulation enables fast, reversible and non-invasive manipulation of protein kinase activities, complementing traditional methods, such as treatment with growth factors, protein kinase inhibitors or chemical dimerizers. In this review, we summarize the properties of the existing optogenetic tools for controlling tyrosine kinases and serine-threonine kinases. We discuss how the opto-kinases can be applied for studies of spatial and temporal aspects of protein kinase signaling in cells and organisms. We compare approaches for chemical and optogenetic regulation of protein kinase activity and present guidelines for selection of opto-kinases and equipment to control them with light. We also describe strategies to engineer novel opto-kinases on the basis of various photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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218
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Network approach of the conformational change of c-Src, a tyrosine kinase, by molecular dynamics simulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5673. [PMID: 29618744 PMCID: PMC5884825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src plays a critical role in numerous cellular signalling pathways. Activation of c-Src from its inactive to the active state involves large-scale conformational changes, and is controlled by the phosphorylation state of two major phosphorylation sites, Tyr416 and Tyr527. A detailed mechanism for the entire conformational transition of c-Src via phosphorylation control of Tyr416 and Tyr527 is still elusive. In this study, we investigated the inactive-to-active conformational change of c-Src by targeted molecular dynamics simulation. Based on the simulation, we proposed a dynamical scenario for the activation process of c-Src. A detailed study of the conformational transition pathway based on network analysis suggests that Lys321 plays a key role in the c-Src activation process.
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219
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Goel RK, Paczkowska M, Reimand J, Napper S, Lukong KE. Phosphoproteomics Analysis Identifies Novel Candidate Substrates of the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase, Src- related Kinase Lacking C-terminal Regulatory Tyrosine and N-terminal Myristoylation Sites (SRMS). Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:925-947. [PMID: 29496907 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SRMS (Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites), also known as PTK 70 (Protein tyrosine kinase 70), is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the BRK family of kinases (BFKs). To date less is known about the cellular role of SRMS primarily because of the unidentified substrates or signaling intermediates regulated by the kinase. In this study, we used phosphotyrosine antibody-based immunoaffinity purification in large-scale label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify novel candidate substrates of SRMS. Our analyses led to the identification of 1258 tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides which mapped to 663 phosphoproteins, exclusively from SRMS-expressing cells. DOK1, a previously characterized SRMS substrate, was also identified in our analyses. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the candidate SRMS substrates were enriched in various biological processes including protein ubiquitination, mitotic cell cycle, energy metabolism and RNA processing, as well as Wnt and TNF signaling. Analyses of the sequence surrounding the phospho-sites in these proteins revealed novel candidate SRMS consensus substrate motifs. We utilized customized high-throughput peptide arrays to validate a subset of the candidate SRMS substrates identified in our MS-based analyses. Finally, we independently validated Vimentin and Sam68, as bona fide SRMS substrates through in vitro and in vivo assays. Overall, our study identified a number of novel and biologically relevant SRMS candidate substrates, which suggests the involvement of the kinase in a vast array of unexplored cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marta Paczkowska
- §Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto M5G 0A3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- §Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto M5G 0A3, Ontario, Canada.,¶Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto M5G 1L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada.,‖Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E3, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada;
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220
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Vennin C, Murphy KJ, Morton JP, Cox TR, Pajic M, Timpson P. Reshaping the Tumor Stroma for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:820-838. [PMID: 29287624 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is accompanied by a fibrotic reaction that alters interactions between tumor cells and the stroma to promote tumor progression. Consequently, strategies to target the tumor stroma might be used to treat patients with pancreatic cancer. We review recently developed approaches for reshaping the pancreatic tumor stroma and discuss how these might improve patient outcomes. We also describe relationships between the pancreatic tumor extracellular matrix, the vasculature, the immune system, and metabolism, and discuss the implications for the development of stromal compartment-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vennin
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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221
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Song Y, Cao P, Gu Z, Xiao J, Lian M, Huang D, Xing J, Zhang Y, Feng X, Wang C. The Role of Neuropilin-1-FYN Interaction in Odontoblast Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:117-126. [PMID: 29486132 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal odontoblast differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) caused by inflammation is closely related to the development of dental caries. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is one of the members of neuropilin family. It can combine with disparate ligands involved in regulating cell differentiation. FYN belongs to the protein-tyrosine kinase family, which has been implicated in the control of cell growth, and the effect can be further strengthened by inflammatory factors. In our studies, we verified that NRP1 can form complexes with FYN and have the correlation changes in odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs. Therefore, we surmise that in the progress of dental caries, NRP1 interacts with FYN, by expanding inflammation and inhibition of odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In this subject, we first investigated the expression and interaction of NRP1 and FYN in DPSCs. And then, we researched the effect of this complex controlling downstream signal pathway in normal or inflammation stimulated DPSCs. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between this role and odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs. This research will provide the molecular mechanism of inflammation factors of dental caries through activating NF-κB signal regulating odontoblast differentiation in DPSCs for finding new potential drug targets for the clinical treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Song
- 1 Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Peipei Cao
- 1 Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- 2 Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Jingwen Xiao
- 1 Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Min Lian
- 1 Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Dan Huang
- 1 Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Jing Xing
- 1 Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- 3 Department of Stomatology, Qidong People's Hospital , Nantong, China
| | - Xingmei Feng
- 1 Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- 1 Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University , Nantong, China
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222
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Ren L, Li C, Wang Y, Teng Y, Sun H, Xing B, Yang X, Jiang Y, He F. In Vivo Phosphoproteome Analysis Reveals Kinome Reprogramming in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1067-1083. [PMID: 29472430 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant kinases contribute to cancer survival and proliferation. Here, we quantitatively characterized phosphoproteomic changes in an HBx-transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using high-resolution mass spectrometry, profiled 22,539 phosphorylation sites on 5431 proteins. Using a strategy to interpret kinase- substrate relations in HCC and to uncover predominant kinases in tumors, our results, revealed elevated kinase activities of Src family kinases (SFKs), PKCs, MAPKs, and ROCK2 in HCC, representatives of which were further validated in cell models and clinical HBV-positive HCC samples. Inhibitor combinations targeting Src and PKCs or ROCK2 both synergized significantly to inhibit cell growth. In addition, we demonstrated that phosphorylation at Src Ser17 directly affects its kinase activity. Our phosphoproteome data facilitated the construction of a detailed molecular landscape in HCC and should serve as a resource for the cancer community. Our strategy is generally applicable to targeted therapeutics, also highlights potential mechanisms of kinase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Ren
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chaoying Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Youliang Wang
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Teng
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Huichuan Sun
- ¶Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- ‖Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University; Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100042, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Fuchu He
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China;
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223
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Kim YJ, Hong S, Sung M, Park MJ, Jung K, Noh KW, Oh DY, Lee MS, Oh E, Shin YK, Choi YL. LYN expression predicts the response to dasatinib in a subpopulation of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82876-82888. [PMID: 27756880 PMCID: PMC5347739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting SRC family kinases (SFKs) have shown efficacy in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, recent clinical trials have found that the SFK inhibitor dasatinib is ineffective in some patient cohorts. Regardless, dasatinib treatment may benefit some NSCLC patient subgroups. Here, we investigated whether expression of LYN, a member of the SFK family, is associated with patient survival, the efficacy of dasatinib, and/or NSCLC cell viability. LYN expression was associated with poor overall survival in a multivariate analysis, and this association was strongest in non-smoker female patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC). In lung ADC cells, LYN expression enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Dasatinib inhibited LYN activity and decreased cell viability in LYN-positive ADC cell lines and xenografts. Additionally, we identified the SFKs SRC and YES as candidate dasatinib targets in LYN-negative ADC cell lines. Our findings suggest that LYN is a useful prognostic marker and a selective target of dasatinib therapy in the lung ADC subpopulation especially in female non-smokers with lung ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjung Sung
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Jung
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka-Won Noh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Yi Oh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ensel Oh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,The Center for Anti-cancer Companion Diagnostics, Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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224
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Kim JH, Kim K, Kim I, Seong S, Kim N. c-Src–Dependent and –Independent Functions of Matk in Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2455-2463. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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225
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Lck/Hck/Fgr-Mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation Negatively Regulates TBK1 to Restrain Innate Antiviral Responses. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 21:754-768.e5. [PMID: 28618271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing elicits interferon production for primary antiviral defense through cascades controlled by protein ubiquitination and Ser/Thr phosphorylation. Here we show that TBK1, a core kinase of antiviral pathways, is inhibited by tyrosine phosphorylation. The Src family kinases (SFKs) Lck, Hck, and Fgr directly phosphorylate TBK1 at Tyr354/394, to prevent TBK1 dimerization and activation. Accordingly, antiviral sensing and resistance were substantially enhanced in Lck/Hck/Fgr triple knockout cells and ectopic expression of Lck/Hck/Fgr dampened the antiviral defense in cells and zebrafish. Small-molecule inhibitors of SFKs, which are conventional anti-tumor therapeutics, enhanced antiviral responses and protected zebrafish and mice from viral attack. Viral infection induced the expression of Lck/Hck/Fgr through TBK1-mediated mobilization of IRF3, thus constituting a negative feedback loop. These findings unveil the negative regulation of TBK1 via tyrosine phosphorylation and the functional integration of SFKs into innate antiviral immunity.
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226
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Wang X, Wei X, Yuan Y, Sun Q, Zhan J, Zhang J, Tang Y, Li F, Ding L, Ye Q, Zhang H. Src-mediated phosphorylation converts FHL1 from tumor suppressor to tumor promoter. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1335-1351. [PMID: 29434030 PMCID: PMC5881501 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FHL1 has been recognized for a long time as a tumor suppressor protein that associates with both the actin cytoskeleton and the transcriptional machinery. We present in this study a paradigm that phosphorylated FHL1 functions as an oncogenic protein by promoting tumor cell proliferation. The cytosolic tyrosine kinase Src interacts with and phosphorylates FHL1 at Y149 and Y272, which switches FHL1 from a tumor suppressor to a cell growth accelerator. Phosphorylated FHL1 translocates into the nucleus, where it binds to the transcription factor BCLAF1 and promotes tumor cell growth. Importantly, the phosphorylation of FHL1 is increased in tissues from lung adenocarcinoma patients despite the down-regulation of total FHL1 expression. Kindlin-2 was found to interact with FHL1 and recruit FHL1 to focal adhesions. Kindlin-2 competes with Src for binding to FHL1 and suppresses Src-mediated FHL1 phosphorylation. Collectively, we demonstrate that FHL1 can either suppress or promote tumor cell growth depending on the status of the sites for phosphorylation by Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qingrui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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227
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Chang N, Lee HW, Lim JE, Jeong DE, Song HJ, Kim S, Nam DH, Sung HH, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Jeon HG. Establishment and antitumor effects of dasatinib and PKI-587 in BD-138T, a patient-derived muscle invasive bladder cancer preclinical platform with concomitant EGFR amplification and PTEN deletion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51626-51639. [PMID: 27438149 PMCID: PMC5239502 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) consists of a heterogeneous group of tumors with a high rate of metastasis and mortality. To facilitate the in-depth investigation and validation of tailored strategies for MIBC treatment, we have developed an integrated approach using advanced high-throughput drug screening and a clinically relevant patient-derived preclinical platform. We isolated patient-derived tumor cells (PDCs) from a rare MIBC case (BD-138T) that harbors concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion. High-throughput in vitro drug screening demonstrated that dasatinib, a SRC inhibitor, and PKI-587, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, exhibited targeted anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against BD-138T PDCs. Using established patient-derived xenograft models that successfully retain the genomic and molecular characteristics of the parental tumor, we confirmed that these anti-tumor responses occurred through the inhibition of SRC and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Taken together, these experimental results demonstrate that dasatinib and PKI-587 might serve as promising anticancer drug candidates for treating MIBC with combined EGFR gene amplification and PTEN deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakho Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Joung Eun Lim
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Da Eun Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Song
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sudong Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyun Hwan Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Byong Chang Jeong
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Seong Il Seo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyun Moo Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Han-Yong Choi
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hwang Gyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
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228
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Hughes VS, Siemann DW. Treatment with Src inhibitor Dasatinib results in elevated metastatic potential in the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1:30-36. [PMID: 29658958 DOI: 10.4103/tme.tme_19_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The src inhibitor Dasatinib has been widely studied as an anti-metastatic agent. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of Src inhibition on the metastatic potential of the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma. Context Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase well-known to contribute to the metastatic potential of tumour cells. It does so through alteration of signalling pathways important to metastasis. Elevated levels of Src are common in many cancer types, and have been correlated with tumour progression and poor patient prognosis. Aims This study examined whether disruption of the Src signalling pathway could inhibit metastases formation. Settings and Design The Src inhibitor Dasatinib was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using the highly metastatic 4T1 murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. Methods and Material In vitro assays included growth curve, western blot, migration, and invasion assays. In vivo assays included intradermal and tail vein injection models. Statistical analysis used In vitro data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons in GraphPad Prism 6.0. In vivo data were analysed using GraphPad Prism 6.0, using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Results Dasatinib is effective at inhibiting in vitro phosphorylation of Src, migration and invasion in the 4T1 cell line, as well as angiogenesis in vivo. In vitro treatment with Dasatinib impaired the metastatic ability of tumour cells as assessed by a tail vein injection model. However, both the syngeneic BALB/c and the athymic nu/nu mice receiving oral doses of the drug developed significantly higher numbers of 4T1 lung metastases. This effect was not seen in a different breast carcinoma cell line, the MDA-MB-231-4175-LM2, nor was this effect seen in the murine fibrosarcoma KHT cell line. Conclusions The 4T1 cell line is not an appropriate model to study Src inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica S Hughes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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229
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FYN promotes mesenchymal phenotypes of basal type breast cancer cells through STAT5/NOTCH2 signaling node. Oncogene 2018; 37:1857-1868. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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230
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Honda T, Morii M, Nakayama Y, Suzuki K, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. v-Src-driven transformation is due to chromosome abnormalities but not Src-mediated growth signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1063. [PMID: 29348492 PMCID: PMC5773541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
v-Src is the first identified oncogene product and has a strong tyrosine kinase activity. Much of the literature indicates that v-Src expression induces anchorage-independent and infinite cell proliferation through continuous stimulation of growth signaling by v-Src activity. Although all of v-Src-expressing cells are supposed to form transformed colonies, low frequencies of v-Src-induced colony formation have been observed so far. Using cells that exhibit high expression efficiencies of inducible v-Src, we show that v-Src expression causes cell-cycle arrest through p21 up-regulation despite ERK activation. v-Src expression also induces chromosome abnormalities and unexpected suppression of v-Src expression, leading to p21 down-regulation and ERK inactivation. Importantly, among v-Src-suppressed cells, only a limited number of cells gain the ability to re-proliferate and form transformed colonies. Our findings provide the first evidence that v-Src-driven transformation is attributed to chromosome abnormalities, but not continuous stimulation of growth signaling, possibly through stochastic genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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Moon PG, Lee JE, Cho YE, Lee SJ, Chae YS, Jung JH, Kim IS, Park HY, Baek MC. Fibronectin on circulating extracellular vesicles as a liquid biopsy to detect breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40189-40199. [PMID: 27250024 PMCID: PMC5130002 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from cancer cells have potential for generating cancer biomarker signatures. Fibronectin (FN) was selected as a biomarker candidate, due to the presence in surface on EVs secreted from human breast cancer cell lines. A subsequent study used two types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine the presence of these proteins in plasma samples from disease-free individuals (n=70), patients with BC (n=240), BC patients after surgical resection (n=40), patients with benign breast tumor (n=55), and patients with non-cancerous diseases (thyroiditis, gastritis, hepatitis B, and rheumatoid arthritis; n=80). FN levels were significantly elevated (p<. 0001) at all stages of BC, and returned to normal after tumor removal. The diagnostic accuracy for FN detection in extracellular vesicles (ELISA method 1) (area under the curve, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.86; sensitivity of 65.1% and specificity of 83.2%) were also better than those for FN detection in the plasma (ELISA method 2) (area under the curve, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.83; sensitivity of 69.2% and specificity of 73.3%) in BC. The diagnostic accuracy of plasma FN was similar in both the early-stage BC and all BC patients, as well as in the two sets. This liquid biopsy to detect FN on circulating EVs could be a promising method to detect early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyong-Gon Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Soo Chae
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyang Jung
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KU-KIST School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yong Park
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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232
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Liu W, Guo TF, Jing ZT, Yang Z, Liu L, Yang YP, Lin X, Tong QY. Hepatitis B virus core protein promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing Src expression and activating the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway. FASEB J 2018; 32:3033-3046. [PMID: 29401603 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701144r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) is expressed preferentially in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBc can function as an oncogene arising from its gene regulatory properties, but how it contributes functionally to hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we determined the molecular and functional roles of HBc during HBV-associated hepatocellular tumorigenesis. HBc increased tumor formation of hepatoma cells. Moreover, expression of HBc specifically promoted proliferation of hepatoma cells in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that these effects were caused by activation of the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway through proximal switch from inactive Src to the active form of the kinase by HBc. HBc-mediated sarcoma (Src) kinase activation was associated with down-regulation of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk). In addition, HBc enhances Src expression by activation of alternative Src 1A promoter in an Sp1 transcription factor-dependent manner. Proliferation induced by stable HBc expression was associated with increased G1-S cell cycle progression mediated by Src kinase activation. HBc-induced cellular proliferation and tumor formation were reversed by administration of the Src inhibitor saracatinib. Together, our findings suggest that HBc promotes tumorigenesis of hepatoma cells by enhancing the expression of total Src and the active form of the kinase and subsequently activates Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, revealing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.-Liu, W., Guo, T.-F., Jing, Z.-T., Yang, Z., Liu, L., Yang, Y.-P., Lin, X., Tong, Q.-Y. Hepatitis B virus core protein promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing Src expression and activating the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China; and
| | - Teng-Fei Guo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhen-Tang Jing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China; and
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China; and
| | - Yuan-Ping Yang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China; and
| | - Xu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Tong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China; and
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233
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Src drives the Warburg effect and therapy resistance by inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase through tyrosine-289 phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25113-24. [PMID: 26848621 PMCID: PMC5041892 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect, which reflects cancer cells' preference for aerobic glycolysis over glucose oxidation, contributes to tumor growth, progression and therapy resistance. The restraint on pyruvate flux into mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in cancer cells is in part attributed to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Src is a prominent oncogenic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. However, the potential role of Src in tumor metabolism remained unclear. Here we report that activation of Src attenuated PDH activity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, Src inhibitors activated PDH and increased cellular ROS levels. Src inactivated PDH through direct phosphorylation of tyrosine-289 of PDH E1α subunit (PDHA1). Indeed, Src was the main kinase responsible for PDHA1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Expression of a tyrosine-289 non-phosphorable PDHA1 mutant in Src-hyperactivated cancer cells restored PDH activity, increased mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress, decreased experimental metastasis, and sensitized cancer cells to pro-oxidant treatment. The results suggest that Src contributes to the Warburg phenotype by inactivating PDH through tyrosine phosphorylation, and the metabolic effect of Src is essential for Src-driven malignancy and therapy resistance. Combination therapies consisting of both Src inhibitors and pro-oxidants may improve anticancer efficacy.
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234
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Zhou Q, Jin P, Liu J, Wang F, Xi S. HER2 and Src co-regulate proliferation, migration and transformation by downstream signaling pathways in arsenite-treated human uroepithelial cells. Metallomics 2018; 10:1141-1159. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
HER2 mediate proliferation, migration and transformation by multiple downstream signaling pathways in arsenite-treated human uroepithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Peiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
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235
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236
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Bu F, Wang Y, Jiang L, Ma D, Quinn JP, Wang M. Sarcoma family kinase activity is required for cortical spreading depression. Cephalalgia 2017; 38:1748-1758. [PMID: 29239212 DOI: 10.1177/0333102417748572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Sarcoma family kinase activity is associated with multiple diseases including ischemia and cancer; however, its role in the mechanism of migraine aura has been less well characterised. This study aims to investigate whether sarcoma family kinase is required for cortical spreading depression. Methods Cortical spreading depression was induced by topical application of K+ to the cerebral cortex and was monitored using electrophysiology in rats, and intrinsic optical signal in mouse brain slices. Drugs were perfused into the contralateral cerebral ventricle for pharmacological manipulations in rats. Western blot analysis was used for detecting the level of phosphorylated, and total, sarcoma family kinase in the ipsilateral cortex of rats. Key results The data demonstrate that a single cortical spreading depression in rats induced ipsilateral cortical sarcoma family kinase phosphorylation at the Y416 site. Deactivation of sarcoma family kinase by its inhibitor (3-(4-chlorophenyl) 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- dpyrimidin-4-amine) suppressed the elevated enzyme activity and cortical susceptibility to cortical spreading depression. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist NVP-AAM077 on cortical spreading depression was reversed by the sarcoma family kinase activator pYEEI (EPQY(PO3H2)EEEIPIYL), suggesting a link between this enzyme and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Similarly, after deactivation of sarcoma family kinase, a reduction of sarcoma family kinase phosphorylation and cortical susceptibility to cortical spreading depression was observed with NVP-AAM077. Conclusions We conclude that activation of sarcoma family kinase is required for cortical spreading depression, and this process is regulated by recruiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. This study provides novel insight for sarcoma family kinase function in the mechanism of migraine aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bu
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China.,2 Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 2 Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China.,2 Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Ma
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China.,2 Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China
| | - John P Quinn
- 3 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Minyan Wang
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China.,2 Centre for Neuroscience, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China
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237
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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238
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Montone R, Romanelli MG, Baruzzi A, Ferrarini F, Liboi E, Lievens PMJ. Mutant FGFR3 associated with SADDAN disease causes cytoskeleton disorganization through PLCγ1/Src-mediated paxillin hyperphosphorylation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:17-26. [PMID: 29242050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
K650M/E substitutions in the Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) are associated with Severe Achondroplasia with Developmental Delay and Acanthosis Nigricans (SADDAN) and Thanatophoric Dysplasia type II (TDII), respectively. Both SADDAN and TDII present with affected endochondral ossification marked by impaired chondrocyte functions and growth plate disorganization. In vitro, K650M/E substitutions confer FGFR3 constitutive kinase activity leading to impaired biosynthesis and accumulation of immature receptors in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi. From those compartments, both SADDAN-FGFR3 and TDII-FGFR3 receptors engender uncontrolled signalling, activating PLCγ1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 3 and 5 (STAT1/3/5) and ERK1/2 effectors. Here, we investigated the impact of SADDAN-FGFR3 and TDII-FGFR3 signalling on cytoskeletal organization. We report that SADDAN-FGFR3, but not TDII-FGFR3, affects F-actin organization by inducing tyrosine hyperphosphorylation of paxillin, a key regulator of focal adhesions and actin dynamics. Paxillin phosphorylation was upregulated at tyrosine 118, a functional target of Src and FAK kinases. By using Src-deficient cells and a Src kinase inhibitor, we established a role played by Src activation in paxillin hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, we found that SADDAN-FGFR3 induced FAK phosphorylation at tyrosines 576/577, suggesting its involvement as a Src co-activator in paxillin phosphorylation. Interestingly, paxillin hyperphosphorylation by SADDAN-FGFR3 caused paxillin mislocalization and partial co-localization with the mutant receptor. Finally, the SADDAN-FGFR3 double mutant unable to bind PLCγ1 failed to promote paxillin hyperphosphorylation, pointing to PLCγ1 as an early player in mediating paxillin alterations. Overall, our findings contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanism leading to cell dysfunctions caused by SADDAN-FGFR3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Montone
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - M G Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - A Baruzzi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - F Ferrarini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - E Liboi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - P M-J Lievens
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy.
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239
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Androgen receptor regulates SRC expression through microRNA-203. Oncotarget 2017; 7:25726-41. [PMID: 27028864 PMCID: PMC5041939 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SRC kinase has pivotal roles in multiple developmental processes and in tumor progression. An inverse relationship has been observed between androgen receptor (AR) activity and SRC signaling in advanced prostate cancer (PCa); however, the modulation of AR/SRC crosstalk that leads to metastatic PCa is unclear. Here, we showed that patients with high SRC levels displayed correspondingly low canonical AR gene signatures. Our results demonstrated that activated AR induced miR-203 and reduced SRC levels in PCa model systems. miR-203 directly binds to the 3′ UTR of SRC and regulates the stability of SRC mRNA upon AR activation. Moreover, we found that progressive PCa cell migration and growth were associated with a decrease in AR-regulated miR-203 and an increase in SRC. Relationships among AR, miR-203, and SRC were also confirmed in clinical datasets and specimens. We suggest that the induction of SRC results in increased PCa metastasis that is linked to the dysregulation of the AR signaling pathway through the inactivation of miR-203.
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240
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Byun MR, Hwang JH, Kim AR, Kim KM, Park JI, Oh HT, Hwang ES, Hong JH. SRC activates TAZ for intestinal tumorigenesis and regeneration. Cancer Lett 2017; 410:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Viral-like nanovesicles of endosomal origin, or “exosomes,” are newly recognized vehicles of signals that cells use to communicate, in various systemic diseases, including cancer. Yet the molecular mechanisms that regulate the biogenesis and activity of exosomes remain obscure. Here, we establish that the oncogenic protein SRC stimulates the secretion of exosomes loaded with syntenin and syndecans, known co-receptors for a plethora of signaling and adhesion molecules. SRC phosphorylates conserved tyrosine residues in the syndecans and syntenin and stimulates their endosomal budding. Moreover, SRC-dependent exosomes have a promigratory activity that strictly depends on syntenin expression. This work sheds light on a function of SRC in cell-to-cell communication and mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and activity, with potential broad impact for physiopathology. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase SRC controls cell growth, proliferation, adhesion, and motility. The current view is that SRC acts primarily downstream of cell-surface receptors to control intracellular signaling cascades. Here we reveal that SRC functions in cell-to-cell communication by controlling the biogenesis and the activity of exosomes. Exosomes are viral-like particles from endosomal origin that can reprogram recipient cells. By gain- and loss-of-function studies, we establish that SRC stimulates the secretion of exosomes having promigratory activity on endothelial cells and that syntenin is mandatory for SRC exosomal function. Mechanistically, SRC impacts on syndecan endocytosis and on syntenin–syndecan endosomal budding, upstream of ARF6 small GTPase and its effector phospholipase D2, directly phosphorylating the conserved juxtamembrane DEGSY motif of the syndecan cytosolic domain and syntenin tyrosine 46. Our study uncovers a function of SRC in cell–cell communication, supported by syntenin exosomes, which is likely to contribute to tumor–host interactions.
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242
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Fichter CD, Przypadlo CM, Buck A, Herbener N, Riedel B, Schäfer L, Nakagawa H, Walch A, Reinheckel T, Werner M, Lassmann S. A new model system identifies epidermal growth factor receptor-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and HER2-human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 heterodimers as potent inducers of oesophageal epithelial cell invasion. J Pathol 2017; 243:481-495. [PMID: 28940194 DOI: 10.1002/path.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas and oesophageal adenocarcinomas show distinct patterns of ErbB expression and dimers. The functional effects of specific ErbB homodimers or heterodimers on oesophageal (cancer) cell behaviour, particularly invasion during early carcinogenesis, remain unknown. Here, a new cellular model system for controlled activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and EGFR-HER2 or HER2-human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) homodimers and heterodimers was studied in non-neoplastic squamous oesophageal epithelial Het-1A cells. EGFR, HER2 and HER3 intracellular domains (ICDs) were fused to dimerization domains (DmrA/DmrA and DmrC), and transduced into Het-1A cells lacking ErbB expression. Dimerization of EGFR, HER2 or EGFR-HER2 and HER2-HER3 ICDs was induced by synthetic ligands (A/A or A/C dimerizers). This was accompanied by phosphorylation of the respective EGFR, HER2 and HER3 ICDs and activation of distinct downstream signalling pathways, such as phospholipase Cγ1, Akt, STAT and Src family kinases. Phenotypically, ErbB dimers caused cell rounding and non-apoptotic blebbing, specifically in EGFR-HER2 and HER2-HER3 heterodimer cells. In a Transwell assay, cell migration velocity was elevated in HER2 dimer cells as compared with empty vector cells. In addition, HER2 dimer cells showed in increased cell invasion, reaching significance for induced HER2-HER3 heterodimers (P = 0.015). Importantly, in three-dimensional organotypic cultures, empty vector cells grew as a superficial cell layer, resembling oesophageal squamous epithelium. In contrast, induced HER2 homodimer cells were highly invasive into the matrix and formed cell clusters. This was associated with partial loss of cytokeratin 7 (when HER2 homodimers were modelled) and p63 (when EGFR-HER2 heterodimers were modelled), which suggests a change or loss of squamous cell differentiation. Controlled activation of specific EGFR, HER2 and HER3 homodimers and heterodimers caused oesophageal squamous epithelial cell migration and/or invasion, especially in a three-dimensional microenvironment, thereby functionally identifying ErbB homodimers and heterodimers as important drivers of oesophageal carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Daniela Fichter
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Camilla Maria Przypadlo
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Herbener
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Riedel
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schäfer
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Lassmann
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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243
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Kim JG, Choi KC, Hong CW, Park HS, Choi EK, Kim YS, Park JB. Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA GTPase promotes tumorigenesis through nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:69-83. [PMID: 28712859 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms for ROS in tumorigenesis have not been well established. In this study, hydrogen peroxide activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and RhoA GTPase. In particular, we found that hydrogen peroxide lead to phosphorylation of RhoA at Tyr42 via tyrosine kinase Src. Phospho-Tyr42 (p-Tyr42) residue of RhoA is a binding site for Vav2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which then activates p-Tyr42 form of RhoA. P-Tyr42 RhoA then binds to IκB kinase γ (IKKγ), leading to IKKβ activation. Furthermore, RhoA WT and phospho-mimic RhoA, RhoA Y42E, both promoted tumorigenesis, whereas the dephospho-mimic RhoA, RhoA Y42F suppressed it. In addition, hydrogen peroxide induced NF-κB activation and cell proliferation, along with expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 in the presence of RhoA WT and RhoA Y42E, but not RhoA Y42F. Indeed, levels of p-Tyr42 Rho, p-Src, and p-65 are significantly increased in human breast cancer tissues and show correlations between each of the two components. Conclusively, the posttranslational modification of as RhoA p-Tyr42 may be essential for promoting tumorigenesis in response to generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwee-Seon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Ageing, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
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244
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Yu M, Zou Q, Wu X, Han G, Tong X. Connexin 32 affects doxorubicin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells mediated by Src/FAK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1844-1852. [PMID: 28968929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is first-line chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the effect is not satisfactory. The resistance of HCC cells to DOX is the main reason leading to treatment failure. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of DOX resistance in HCC. In this study, expression of connexin (Cx)32 was significantly decreased in HCC tissues compared with corresponding paracancerous tissues, and activity of the Src/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway was significantly enhanced. Expression of Cx32 was closely associated with activity of the Src/FAK signaling pathway, Cx32, and the Src/FAK signaling pathway was also correlated with degree of HCC differentiation. In DOX-resistant HepG2 cells, compared with DOX-sensitive HepG2 cells, expression of Cx32 was significantly reduced and activity of the Src/FAK pathway increased. After silencing Cx32 in HepG2 cells, activity of the Src/FAK pathway increased and sensitivity to DOX decreased. In contrast, overexpression of Cx32 in HepG2/DOX cells decreased activity of the Src/FAK pathway and increased sensitivity to DOX. Dasatinib and KX2-391, inhibitors of the Src/FAK pathway, significantly increased the sensitivity of HepG2/DOX cells to DOX. The results suggest that Src/FAK is a downstream regulator of Cx32 and Cx32 regulates the sensitivity of HCC cells to DOX via the Src/FAK signaling pathway. Our study demonstrates a potential mechanism of DOX resistance in HCC cells and supports that Cx32-Src/FAK is an important target for reversing drug resistance of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233004, PR China
| | - Qi Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233004, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233004, PR China
| | - Guangshu Han
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233030, PR China
| | - Xuhui Tong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233030, PR China.
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245
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Zheng J, Li H, Xu D, Zhu H. Upregulation of Tyrosine Kinase FYN in Human Thyroid Carcinoma: Role in Modulating Tumor Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:320-326. [PMID: 29140740 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Information and Documentation, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongting Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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246
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Scott AJ, Song EK, Bagby S, Purkey A, McCarter M, Gajdos C, Quackenbush KS, Cross B, Pitts TM, Tan AC, Eckhardt SG, Fenton H, Arcaroli J, Messersmith WA. Evaluation of the efficacy of dasatinib, a Src/Abl inhibitor, in colorectal cancer cell lines and explant mouse model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187173. [PMID: 29091939 PMCID: PMC5665512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of the Src pathway has been shown to be important at various stages of cancer. Dasatinib is a potent Src/Abl inhibitor and has demonstrated to have anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activity in many preclinical models. The objective of this study was to determine the anti-tumor activity of dasatinib using in vitro and in vivo preclinical colorectal (CRC) models. Methods CRC cell lines and patient-derived tumor explant (PDX) models were used to investigate the efficacy of dasatinib. We treated 50 CRC cell lines with dasatinib for 72 hours and proliferation was assayed by a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay; an IC50 ≤ 0.08 μmol/L was considered sensitive. We treated 17 patient-derived CRC explants with dasatinib (50 mg/kg/day, administered once-daily) for 28 days to determine in vivo efficacy. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) ≥ 50% was considered sensitive. Results We found that 8 out of 50 CRC cell lines reached an IC50 ≤ 0.08 μmol/L with dasatinib treatment. In addition, of 17 CRC explants grown in the xenograft mouse model, 2 showed sensitivity to dasatinib. The anti-tumor effects observed in this study were a result of G1 cell cycle arrest as the dasatinib sensitive CRC cell lines exhibited G1 inhibition. Moreover, those CRC cell lines that were responsive (0.08 μmol/L) to treatment demonstrated a significant baseline increase in Src and FAK gene expression. Conclusion Dasatinib demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity in a subset of CRC cell lines in vitro, especially in those with increased Src expression at baseline, but only showed modest efficacy in CRC explants. Dasatinib is currently being studied in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced CRC, as its use as a single agent appears limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Scott
- Division of Medical Oncology, Banner University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eun-Kee Song
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Stacey Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Alicia Purkey
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Martin McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Csaba Gajdos
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Quackenbush
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Cross
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - S. Gail Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Hubert Fenton
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - John Arcaroli
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Wells A. Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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Wang J, Deng R, Cui N, Zhang H, Liu T, Dou J, Zhao X, Chen R, Wang Y, Yu J, Huang J. Src SUMOylation Inhibits Tumor Growth Via Decreasing FAK Y925 Phosphorylation. Neoplasia 2017; 19:961-971. [PMID: 29069627 PMCID: PMC5653241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein, plays a critical role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. SUMOylation, a reversible ubiquitination-like post-translational modification, is vital for tumor progression. Here, we report that the Src protein can be SUMOylated at lysine 318 both in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia can induce a decrease of Src SUMOylation along with an increase of Y419 phosphorylation, a phosphorylation event required for Src activation. On the other hand, treatment with hydrogen peroxide can enhance Src SUMOylation. Significantly, ectopic expression of SUMO-defective mutation, Src K318R, promotes tumor growth more potently than that of wild-type Src, as determined by migration assay, soft agar assay, and tumor xenograft experiments. Consistently, Src SUMOylation leads to a decrease of Y925 phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), an established regulatory event of cell migration. Our results suggest that SUMOylation of Src at lysine 318 negatively modulate its oncogenic function by, at least partially, inhibiting Src-FAK complex activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinzhuo Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China.
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248
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Portillo JAC, Muniz-Feliciano L, Lopez Corcino Y, Lee SJ, Van Grol J, Parsons SJ, Schiemman WP, Subauste CS. Toxoplasma gondii induces FAK-Src-STAT3 signaling during infection of host cells that prevents parasite targeting by autophagy. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006671. [PMID: 29036202 PMCID: PMC5658194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting of Toxoplasma gondii by autophagy is an effective mechanism by which host cells kill the protozoan. Thus, the parasite must avoid autophagic targeting to survive. Here we show that the mammalian cytoplasmic molecule Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) becomes activated during invasion of host cells. Activated FAK appears to accompany the formation of the moving junction (as assessed by expression the parasite protein RON4). FAK activation was inhibited by approaches that impaired β1 and β3 integrin signaling. FAK caused activation of Src that in turn mediated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation at the unique Y845 residue. Expression of Src-resistant Y845F EGFR mutant markedly inhibited ROP16-independent activation of STAT3 in host cells. Activation of FAK, Y845 EGFR or STAT3 prevented activation of PKR and eIF2α, key stimulators of autophagy. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of FAK, Src, EGFR phosphorylation at Y845, or STAT3 caused accumulation of the autophagy protein LC3 and LAMP-1 around the parasite and parasite killing dependent on autophagy proteins (ULK1 and Beclin 1) and lysosomal enzymes. Parasite killing was inhibited by expression of dominant negative PKR. Thus, T. gondii activates a FAK→Src→Y845-EGFR→STAT3 signaling axis within mammalian cells, thereby enabling the parasite to survive by avoiding autophagic targeting through a mechanism likely dependent on preventing activation of PKR and eIF2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Andres C. Portillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Luis Muniz-Feliciano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Yalitza Lopez Corcino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - So Jung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Van Grol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - William P. Schiemman
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Carlos S. Subauste
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cao Z, Livas T, Kyprianou N. Anoikis and EMT: Lethal "Liaisons" during Cancer Progression. Crit Rev Oncog 2017; 21:155-168. [PMID: 27915969 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2016016955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anoikis is a unique mode of apoptotic cell death that occurs consequentially to insufficient cell-matrix interactions. Resistance to anoikis is a critical contributor to tumor invasion and metastasis. The phenomenon is regulated by integrins, which upon engagement with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) form adhesion complexes and the actin cytoskeleton drives the formation of cell protrusions used to adhere to ECM, directing cell migration. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers stem cell properties and leads to acquisition of a migratory and invasive phenotype by causing adherens junction breakdown and circumventing anoikis in the tumor microenvironment. The investigation of drug discovery platforms for apoptosis-driven therapeutics identified several novel agents with antitumor action via reversing resistance to anoikis, inhibiting survival pathways and impacting the EMT landscape in human cancer. In this review, we discuss current evidence on the contribution of the anoikis phenomenon functionally linked to EMT to cancer metastasis and the therapeutic value of antitumor drugs that selectively reverse anoikis resistance and/or EMT to impair tumor progression toward the development/optimization of apoptosis-driven therapeutic targeting of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Department of Urology, Molecular Biochemistry, Pathology, Toxicology & Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | - Theodore Livas
- Department of Urology, Molecular Biochemistry, Pathology, Toxicology & Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Molecular Biochemistry, Pathology, Toxicology & Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
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250
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Kim S, Yang X, Li Q, Wu M, Costyn L, Beharry Z, Bartlett MG, Cai H. Myristoylation of Src kinase mediates Src-induced and high-fat diet-accelerated prostate tumor progression in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18422-18433. [PMID: 28939770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.798827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous fatty acids provide substrates for energy production and biogenesis of the cytoplasmic membrane, but they also enhance cellular signaling during cancer cell proliferation. However, it remains controversial whether dietary fatty acids are correlated with tumor progression. In this study, we demonstrate that increased Src kinase activity is associated with high-fat diet-accelerated progression of prostate tumors and that Src kinases mediate this pathological process. Moreover, in the in vivo prostate regeneration assay, host SCID mice carrying Src(Y529F)-transduced regeneration tissues were fed a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet and treated with vehicle or dasatinib. The high-fat diet not only accelerated Src-induced prostate tumorigenesis in mice but also compromised the inhibitory effect of the anticancer drug dasatinib on Src kinase oncogenic potential in vivo We further show that myristoylation of Src kinase is essential to facilitate Src-induced and high-fat diet-accelerated tumor progression. Mechanistically, metabolism of exogenous myristic acid increased the biosynthesis of myristoyl CoA and myristoylated Src and promoted Src kinase-mediated oncogenic signaling in human cells. Of the fatty acids tested, only exogenous myristic acid contributed to increased intracellular myristoyl CoA levels. Our results suggest that targeting Src kinase myristoylation, which is required for Src kinase association at the cellular membrane, blocks dietary fat-accelerated tumorigenesis in vivo Our findings uncover the molecular basis of how the metabolism of myristic acid stimulates high-fat diet-mediated prostate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
| | - Xiangkun Yang
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
| | - Qianjin Li
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
| | - Meng Wu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
| | - Leah Costyn
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
| | - Zanna Beharry
- the Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
| | - Houjian Cai
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
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