201
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Kemme L, Grüneberg M, Reunert J, Rust S, Park J, Westermann C, Wada Y, Schwartz O, Marquardt T. Translational balancing questioned: Unaltered glycosylation during disulfiram treatment in mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannnosidase-congenital disorders of glycosylation (MAN1B1-CDG). JIMD Rep 2021; 60:42-55. [PMID: 34258140 PMCID: PMC8260486 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MAN1B1-CDG is a multisystem disorder caused by mutations in MAN1B1, encoding the endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannnosidase. A defect leads to dysfunction within the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins. We present two additional patients with MAN1B1-CDG and a resulting defect in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation. One patient (P2) is carrying the previously undescribed p.E663K mutation. A therapeutic trial in patient 1 (P1) using disulfiram with the rationale to generate an attenuation of translation and thus a balanced, restored ER glycoprotein synthesis failed. No improvement of the transferrin glycosylation profile was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kemme
- University Children's Hospital MünsterMuensterGermany
| | | | | | - Stephan Rust
- University Children's Hospital MünsterMuensterGermany
| | - Julien Park
- University Children's Hospital MünsterMuensterGermany
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NeurosciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Cordula Westermann
- Gerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child HealthOsakaJapan
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202
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Zulkifli A, Tan FH, Areeb Z, Stuart SF, Gomez J, Paradiso L, Luwor RB. Carfilzomib Promotes the Unfolded Protein Response and Apoptosis in Cetuximab-Resistant Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137114. [PMID: 34281166 PMCID: PMC8269417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab is a common treatment option for patients with wild-type K-Ras colorectal carcinoma. However, patients often display intrinsic resistance or acquire resistance to cetuximab following treatment. Here we generate two human CRC cells with acquired resistance to cetuximab that are derived from cetuximab-sensitive parental cell lines. These cetuximab-resistant cells display greater in vitro proliferation, colony formation and migration, and in vivo tumour growth compared with their parental counterparts. To evaluate potential alternative therapeutics to cetuximab-acquired-resistant cells, we tested the efficacy of 38 current FDA-approved agents against our cetuximab-acquired-resistant clones. We identified carfilzomib, a selective proteosome inhibitor to be most effective against our cell lines. Carfilzomib displayed potent antiproliferative effects, induced the unfolded protein response as determined by enhanced CHOP expression and ATF6 activity, and enhanced apoptosis as determined by enhanced caspase-3/7 activity. Overall, our results indicate a potentially novel indication for carfilzomib: that of a potential alternative agent to treat cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zulkifli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (A.Z.); (F.H.T.); (Z.A.); (S.F.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Fiona H. Tan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (A.Z.); (F.H.T.); (Z.A.); (S.F.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Zammam Areeb
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (A.Z.); (F.H.T.); (Z.A.); (S.F.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Sarah F. Stuart
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (A.Z.); (F.H.T.); (Z.A.); (S.F.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Juliana Gomez
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (A.Z.); (F.H.T.); (Z.A.); (S.F.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lucia Paradiso
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (A.Z.); (F.H.T.); (Z.A.); (S.F.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Rodney B. Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (A.Z.); (F.H.T.); (Z.A.); (S.F.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8344-3027; Fax: +61-3-9347-6488
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203
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Xie J, Kusnadi EP, Furic L, Selth LA. Regulation of mRNA Translation by Hormone Receptors in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3254. [PMID: 34209750 PMCID: PMC8268847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancer are the second and third leading causes of death amongst all cancer types, respectively. Pathogenesis of these malignancies is characterised by dysregulation of sex hormone signalling pathways, mediated by the estrogen receptor-α (ER) in breast cancer and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. ER and AR are transcription factors whose aberrant function drives oncogenic transcriptional programs to promote cancer growth and progression. While ER/AR are known to stimulate cell growth and survival by modulating gene transcription, emerging findings indicate that their effects in neoplasia are also mediated by dysregulation of protein synthesis (i.e., mRNA translation). This suggests that ER/AR can coordinately perturb both transcriptional and translational programs, resulting in the establishment of proteomes that promote malignancy. In this review, we will discuss relatively understudied aspects of ER and AR activity in regulating protein synthesis as well as the potential of targeting mRNA translation in breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xie
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Eric P Kusnadi
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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204
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Sannino S, Yates ME, Schurdak ME, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Wipf P, Brodsky JL. Unique integrated stress response sensors regulate cancer cell susceptibility when Hsp70 activity is compromised. eLife 2021; 10:64977. [PMID: 34180400 PMCID: PMC8275131 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones, such as Hsp70, prevent proteotoxicity and maintain homeostasis. This is perhaps most evident in cancer cells, which overexpress Hsp70 and thrive even when harboring high levels of misfolded proteins. To define the response to proteotoxic challenges, we examined adaptive responses in breast cancer cells in the presence of an Hsp70 inhibitor. We discovered that the cells bin into distinct classes based on inhibitor sensitivity. Strikingly, the most resistant cells have higher autophagy levels, and autophagy was maximally activated only in resistant cells upon Hsp70 inhibition. In turn, resistance to compromised Hsp70 function required the integrated stress response transducer, GCN2, which is commonly associated with amino acid starvation. In contrast, sensitive cells succumbed to Hsp70 inhibition by activating PERK. These data reveal an unexpected route through which breast cancer cells adapt to proteotoxic insults and position GCN2 and autophagy as complementary mechanisms to ensure survival when proteostasis is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Megan E Yates
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women Research Institute, Pittsburgh, United States.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mark E Schurdak
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women Research Institute, Pittsburgh, United States.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Women Research Institute, Pittsburgh, United States.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
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205
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Wei R, Zhao Y, Wang J, Yang X, Li S, Wang Y, Yang X, Fei J, Hao X, Zhao Y, Gui L, Ding X. Tagitinin C induces ferroptosis through PERK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2703-2717. [PMID: 34345202 PMCID: PMC8326123 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. However, the efficacy of surgery and chemotherapy is limited. Ferroptosis is an iron- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD) and plays a vital role in tumor suppression. Ferroptosis inducing agents have been studied extensively as a novel promising way to fight against therapy resistant cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of action of tagitinin C (TC), a natural product, as a novel ferroptosis inducer in tumor suppression. Methods: The response of CRC cells to tagitinin C was assessed by cell viability assay, clonogenic assay, transwell migration assay, cell cycle assay and apoptosis assay. Molecular approaches including Western blot, RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were employed as well. Results: Tagitinin C, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Tithonia diversifolia, inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells including HCT116 cells, and induced an oxidative cellular microenvironment resulting in ferroptosis of HCT116 cells. Tagitinin C-induced ferroptosis was accompanied with the attenuation of glutathione (GSH) levels and increased in lipid peroxidation. Mechanistically, tagitinin C induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress, thus activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). As a downstream gene (effector) of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression increased significantly with the treatment of tagitinin C. Upregulated HO-1 led to the increase in the labile iron pool, which promoted lipid peroxidation, meanwhile tagitinin C showed synergistic anti-tumor effect together with erastin. Conclusion: In summary, we provided the evidence that tagitinin C induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells and has synergistic effect together with erastin. Mechanistically, tagitinin C induces ferroptosis through ER stress-mediated activation of PERK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway. Tagitinin C, identified as a novel ferroptosis inducer, may be effective chemosensitizer that can expand the efficacy and range of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiran Wei
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, 550004, Guiyang, China
| | - Yueqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Shunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Yinyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Xingzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Jimin Fei
- Yunnan Cancer Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650118, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Liming Gui
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, 550004, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
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206
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Chakrabarty A, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya R, Chowdhury G. Senescence-Induced Chemoresistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Evolution-Based Treatment Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674354. [PMID: 34249714 PMCID: PMC8264500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classically treated with combination chemotherapies. Although, initially responsive to chemotherapies, TNBC patients frequently develop drug-resistant, metastatic disease. Chemotherapy resistance can develop through many mechanisms, including induction of a transient growth-arrested state, known as the therapy-induced senescence (TIS). In this paper, we will focus on chemoresistance in TNBC due to TIS. One of the key characteristics of senescent cells is a complex secretory phenotype, known as the senescence-associated secretory proteome (SASP), which by prompting immune-mediated clearance of senescent cells maintains tissue homeostasis and suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in cancer, particularly with TIS, senescent cells themselves as well as SASP promote cellular reprograming into a stem-like state responsible for the emergence of drug-resistant, aggressive clones. In addition to chemotherapies, outcomes of recently approved immune and DNA damage-response (DDR)-directed therapies are also affected by TIS, implying that this a common strategy used by cancer cells for evading treatment. Although there has been an explosion of scientific research for manipulating TIS for prevention of drug resistance, much of it is still at the pre-clinical stage. From an evolutionary perspective, cancer is driven by natural selection, wherein the fittest tumor cells survive and proliferate while the tumor microenvironment influences tumor cell fitness. As TIS seems to be preferred for increasing the fitness of drug-challenged cancer cells, we will propose a few tactics to control it by using the principles of evolutionary biology. We hope that with appropriate therapeutic intervention, this detrimental cellular fate could be diverted in favor of TNBC patients.
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207
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Imbroisi Filho R, Ochioni AC, Esteves AM, Leandro JGB, Demaria TM, Sola-Penna M, Zancan P. Western diet leads to aging-related tumorigenesis via activation of the inflammatory, UPR, and EMT pathways. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:643. [PMID: 34162829 PMCID: PMC8222293 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the principal causative factors for the development of complications related to aging is a diet rich in fats and sugars, also known as the Western diet. This diet advocates numerous changes that might increase the susceptibility to initiate cancer and/or to create a tissue microenvironment more conducive to the growth of malignant cells, thus favoring the progression of cancer and metastasis. Hypercaloric diets in general lead to oxidative stress generating reactive oxygen species and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results demonstrate that mice bearing tumors fed with a Western diet presented bigger tumor mass with increased insulin sensitivity in these tissues. Several markers of insulin signaling, such as AKT phosphorylation and mTOR pathway, are promoted in tumors of Western diet-fed animals. This process is associated with increased macrophage infiltration, activation of unfolded protein response pathway, and initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in these tumor tissues. Summing up, we propose that the Western diet accelerates the aging-related processes favoring tumor development.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Diet, Western/adverse effects
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase/genetics
- Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Unfolded Protein Response/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Imbroisi Filho
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alan C Ochioni
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Amanda M Esteves
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - João G B Leandro
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Thainá M Demaria
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Patricia Zancan
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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208
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Induction of EnR stress by Melatonin enhances the cytotoxic effect of Lapatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:82-93. [PMID: 34153400 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite HER2-targeted cancer treatments have provided considerable clinical benefits, resistance to HER2-targeted agents will inevitably develop. Targeting non-oncogene vulnerabilities including endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress has emerged as an attractive alternative approach to improve the efficacy of existing targeted cancer therapies. In the current study, we find that Melatonin sensitizes HER2-positive breast cancer cells to the dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib in vitro. Mechanistically, Melatonin enhances the cytotoxic effects of Lapatinib through promoting excessive EnR stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and ROS overaccumulation. Consistently, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine remarkably reverses the effects of the drug combination on ROS production, DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Melatonin significantly enhances the anti-tumor effect of Lapatinib in an HCC1954 xenograft model. Meanwhile, Lapatinib resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells (LapR) display lower basal expression levels of UPR genes and enhanced tolerance to EnR stress with attenuated response to Brefeldin A and Tunicamycin. Importantly, Melatonin also increases the sensitivity of HCC1954 LapR cells to Lapatinib. Together, our findings highlight the potential utility of Melatonin as an adjuvant in the treatment of primary or therapy resistant HER2-positive breast cancer via EnR stress-mediated mechanisms.
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209
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Rahman S, Kumar V, Kumar A, Abdullah TS, Rather IA, Jan AT. Molecular Perspective of Nanoparticle Mediated Therapeutic Targeting in Breast Cancer: An Odyssey of Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response (UPR ER) and Beyond. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060635. [PMID: 34199484 PMCID: PMC8229605 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of death among women. Representing a complex and heterogeneous type of cancer, its occurrence is attributed by both genetic (gene mutations, e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2) and non-genetic (race, ethnicity, etc.) risk factors. The effectiveness of available treatment regimens (small molecules, cytotoxic agents, and inhibitors) decreased due to their poor penetration across biological barriers, limited targeting, and rapid body clearance along with their effect on normal resident cells of bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and hair follicles. This significantly reduced their clinical outcomes, which led to an unprecedented increase in the number of cases worldwide. Nanomedicine, a nano-formulation of therapeutics, emerged as a versatile delivering module for employment in achieving the effective and target specific delivery of pharmaceutical payloads. Adoption of nanotechnological approaches in delivering therapeutic molecules to target cells ensures not only reduced immune response and toxicity, but increases the stability of therapeutic entities in the systemic circulation that averts their degradation and as such increased extravasations and accumulation via enhanced permeation and the retention (EPR) effect in target tissues. Additionally, nanoparticle (NP)-induced ER stress, which enhances apoptosis and autophagy, has been utilized as a combative strategy in the treatment of cancerous cells. As nanoparticles-based avenues have been capitalized to achieve better efficacy of the new genera of therapeutics with enhanced specificity and safety, the present study is aimed at providing the fundamentals of BC, nanotechnological modules (organic, inorganic, and hybrid) employed in delivering different therapeutic molecules, and mechanistic insights of nano-ER stress induced apoptosis and autophagy with a perspective of exploring this avenue for use in the nano-toxicological studies. Furthermore, the current scenario of USA FDA approved nano-formulations and the future perspective of nanotechnological based interventions to overcome the existing challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Tasduq S. Abdullah
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR–IIIM), Jammu 180001, India;
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (I.A.R.); (A.T.J.)
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
- Correspondence: (I.A.R.); (A.T.J.)
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210
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Czekala L, Chapman F, Simms L, Rudd K, Trelles Sticken E, Wieczorek R, Bode LM, Pani J, Moelijker N, Derr R, Brandsma I, Hendriks G, Stevenson M, Walele T. The in vitro ToxTracker and Aneugen Clastogen Evaluation extension assay as a tool in the assessment of relative genotoxic potential of e-liquids and their aerosols. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:129-142. [PMID: 33769537 PMCID: PMC8166346 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro (geno)toxicity assessment of electronic vapour products (EVPs), relative to conventional cigarette, currently uses assays, including the micronucleus and Ames tests. Whilst informative on induction of a finite endpoint and relative risk posed by test articles, such assays could benefit from mechanistic supplementation. The ToxTracker and Aneugen Clastogen Evaluation analysis can indicate the activation of reporters associated with (geno)toxicity, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, the p53-related stress response and protein damage. Here, we tested for the different effects of a selection of neat e-liquids, EVP aerosols and Kentucky reference 1R6F cigarette smoke samples in the ToxTracker assay. The assay was initially validated to assess whether a mixture of e-liquid base components, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerine (VG) had interfering effects within the system. This was achieved by spiking three positive controls into the system with neat PG/VG or phosphate-buffered saline bubbled (bPBS) PG/VG aerosol (nicotine and flavour free). PG/VG did not greatly affect responses induced by the compounds. Next, when compared to cigarette smoke samples, neat e-liquids and bPBS aerosols (tobacco flavour; 1.6% freebase nicotine, 1.6% nicotine salt or 0% nicotine) exhibited reduced and less complex responses. Tested up to a 10% concentration, EVP aerosol bPBS did not induce any ToxTracker reporters. Neat e-liquids, tested up to 1%, induced oxidative stress reporters, thought to be due to their effects on osmolarity in vitro. E-liquid nicotine content did not affect responses induced. Additionally, spiking nicotine alone only induced an oxidative stress response at a supraphysiological level. In conclusion, the ToxTracker assay is a quick, informative screen for genotoxic potential and mechanisms of a variety of (compositionally complex) samples, derived from cigarettes and EVPs. This assay has the potential for future application in the assessment battery for next-generation (smoking alternative) products, including EVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Czekala
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Fiona Chapman
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Liam Simms
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathryn Rudd
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Edgar Trelles Sticken
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-Einstein-Ring-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman Wieczorek
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-Einstein-Ring-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Maria Bode
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-Einstein-Ring-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Pani
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-Einstein-Ring-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nynke Moelijker
- Toxys B.V., Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Derr
- Toxys B.V., Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys B.V., Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Toxys B.V., Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Stevenson
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Tanvir Walele
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
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211
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Man H, Bian H, Zhang X, Wang C, Huang Z, Yan Y, Ye Z, Xiao Y. Hybrid labeling system for dSTORM imaging of endoplasmic reticulum for uncovering ultrastructural transformations under stress conditions. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113378. [PMID: 34087723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transforms its morphology to fit versatile cellular functions especially under stress conditions. Since various ER stresses are critical pathophysiological factors, the precise observations of ER can provide insights into disease diagnoses and biological researches. Live-cell super-resolution imaging is highly expected for uncovering microstructures of ER. However, to achieve this, there remains a big challenge in how to efficiently label ER with advanced fluorophores. Herein, we report a new SNAP-tag fluorescent probe, namely, CLP-TMR, for specific and high-density labeling of the newly constructed dual ER-signal (targeting and retention) peptides fused-SNAP proteins. This hybrid labeling system integrating chemical probes with genetically encoded techniques enables molecular position reconstructions of ER morphologies through direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) imaging. The super-resolution imaging reveals several never-known ultrastructural changes responding to different ER stresses, i.e. the formation of peripheral ER sheets to restore the immunogenicity, and the long flattened ER tubules under inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hui Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhiwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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212
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Hasipek M, Grabowski D, Guan Y, Alugubelli RR, Tiwari AD, Gu X, DeAvila GA, Silva AS, Meads MB, Parker Y, Lindner DJ, Saunthararajah Y, Shain KH, Maciejewski JP, Reu FJ, Phillips JG, Jha BK. Therapeutic Targeting of Protein Disulfide Isomerase PDIA1 in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112649. [PMID: 34071205 PMCID: PMC8198550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a genetically complex hematologic neoplasia in which malignant plasma cells constantly operate at the maximum limit of their unfolded protein response (UPR) due to a high secretory burden of immunoglobulins and cytokines. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein disulfide isomerase, PDIA1 is indispensable for maintaining structural integrity of cysteine-rich antibodies and cytokines that require accurate intramolecular disulfide bond arrangement. PDIA1 expression analysis from RNA-seq of multiple myeloma patients demonstrated an inverse relationship with survival in relapsed or refractory disease, supporting its critical role in myeloma persistence. Using a structure-guided medicinal chemistry approach, we developed a potent, orally bioavailable small molecule PDIA1 inhibitor CCF642-34. The inhibition of PDIA1 overwhelms the UPR in myeloma cells, resulting in their apoptotic cell death at doses that do not affect the normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Bortezomib resistance leads to increased PDIA1 expression and thus CCF642-34 sensitivity, suggesting that proteasome inhibitor resistance leads to PDIA1 dependence for proteostasis and survival. CCF642-34 induces acute unresolvable UPR in myeloma cells, and oral treatment increased survival of mice in the syngeneic 5TGM1 model of myeloma. Results support development of CCF642-34 to selectively target the plasma cell program and overcome the treatment-refractory state in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metis Hasipek
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Dale Grabowski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Yihong Guan
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Raghunandan Reddy Alugubelli
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.R.A.); (G.A.D.); (K.H.S.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Anand D. Tiwari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Xiaorong Gu
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Gabriel A. DeAvila
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.R.A.); (G.A.D.); (K.H.S.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Ariosto S. Silva
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.S.S.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Mark B. Meads
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.S.S.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Yvonne Parker
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Daniel J. Lindner
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Shain
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.R.A.); (G.A.D.); (K.H.S.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Frederic J. Reu
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.R.A.); (G.A.D.); (K.H.S.); (F.J.R.)
| | - James G. Phillips
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Babal K. Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-444-6739
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213
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Rezghi Barez S, Movahedian Attar A, Aghaei M. MicroRNA-30c-2-3p regulates ER stress and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells underlying ER stress. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:922-934. [PMID: 34121978 PMCID: PMC8192875 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecologic cancer with a high rate of recurrence, drug resistance, and mortality, thereby necessitating novel molecular target therapies. Ovarian cancer as a solid tumor has constantly been challenged by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Currently, XBP1 as a therapeutic target in solid tumors plays a key role in adaptation to ERS. Single-stranded RNAs usually modulate posttranscriptional of the gene activity. miR-30c-2-3p has been demonstrated to inhibit the expression of XBP1. Here, we evaluated the effect of miR-30c-2-3p on controlling XBP1-CHOP-BIM and its apoptotic effects on ovarian cancer cell lines during ERS. The ER stress was assessed using Thioflavin T staining in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. The expression of ER stress genes was measured by QRT-PCR. The protein levels of XBP1(s), BIP/GRP78, CHOP, and BIM were evaluated using Western blotting. Cell viability and apoptosis in STF-083010 and Tunicamycin (Tm) co-treated cells were evaluated using BrdU, MTT, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and caspase-12 and -3 activities assays. We found that miR-30c-2-3p significantly decreased the folding capacity of ER, leading to ERS intensification (P<0.05). Additionally, the Western blot analysis showed the modest up-regulation of CHOP and BIM with pro-apoptotic activity and down-regulation of the BIP protein. Furthermore, mimic miR-30c-2-3p transfection not only decreased cell proliferation but also induced cell death in ovarian cancer cells in response to the Tm-treatment. Our results indicated that the apoptotic pathway was induced possibly through activation of caspases -12 and -3 and elevation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Overall, the present paper adds new evidence to the possible treatment of miR-30c-2-3p via impeding the XBP1 transcription in ovarian cancer cells provoking apoptotic pathways by XBP1/CHOP/BIM mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekufe Rezghi Barez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian Attar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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214
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Autophagy Induction by Trichodermic Acid Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115566. [PMID: 34070303 PMCID: PMC8197497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading malignant tumor in the world, which has high morbidity and mortality. In this study we found that trichodermic acid (TDA), a secondary metabolite isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Penicillium ochrochloronthe with a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, exhibited the antitumor effects on colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that TDA inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. TDA induces sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress, which triggers apoptosis through IRE1α/XBP1 and PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathways. In addition, we found that TDA mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress also induces autophagy as a protective mechanism. Moreover, combined treatment of TDA with autophagy inhibitors significantly enhanced its anticancer effect. In conclusion, our results indicated that TDA can induce ER stress and autophagy mediated apoptosis, suggesting that targeting ER stress and autophagy may be an effective strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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215
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Jena BC, Rout L, Dey A, Mandal M. Active autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts: Recent advances in understanding the novel mechanism of tumor progression and therapeutic response. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7887-7902. [PMID: 34008184 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is primarily a homeostatic and catabolic process that is increasingly being recognized to have a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of cancer cells, as well as in the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Moreover, in the tumor microenvironment (TME) autophagy plays a crucial and sometimes dichotomous role in tumor progression. Recent studies show that during the early stages of tumor initiation, autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis, autophagy promotes cancer progression by protecting cancer cells against stressful conditions and therapeutic assault. Specifically, in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), autophagy promotes tumorigenesis not only by providing nutrients to the cancerous cells but also by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, stemness, and metastatic dissemination of the cancer cells, whereas in the immune cells, autophagy induces the tumor-localized immune response. In the TME, CAFs play a crucial role in cancer cell metabolism, immunoreaction, and growth. Therefore, targeting autophagy in CAFs by several pharmacological inducers like rapamycin or the inhibitor such as chloroquine has gained importance in preclinical and clinical trials. In the present review, we summarized the basic mechanism of autophagy in CAFs along with its role in driving tumorigenic progression through several emerging as well as classical hallmarks of cancer. We also addressed various autophagy inducers as well as inhibitors of autophagy for more efficient cancer management. Eventually, we prioritized some of the outstanding issues that must be addressed with utmost priority in the future to elucidate the role of autophagy in CAFs on tumor progression and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Lipsa Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha'O'Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ankita Dey
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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216
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Wang R, Li X, Yoon J. Organelle-Targeted Photosensitizers for Precision Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19543-19571. [PMID: 33900741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular organelles are the cornerstones of cells, and destroying them will cause cell dysfunction and even death. Therefore, realizing precise organelle targeting of photosensitizers (PSs) can help reduce PS dosage, minimize side effects, avoid drug resistance, and enhance therapeutic efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Organelle-targeted PSs provide a new paradigm for the construction of the next generation of PSs and may provide implementable strategies for future precision medicine. In this Review, the recent targeting strategies of different organelles and the corresponding design principles of molecular and nanostructured PSs are summarized and discussed. The current challenges and opportunities in organelle-targeted PDT are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingshu Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis for Energy and the Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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217
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Tokugawa M, Inoue Y, Ishiuchi K, Kujirai C, Matsuno M, Ri M, Itoh Y, Miyajima C, Morishita D, Ohoka N, Iida S, Mizukami H, Makino T, Hayashi H. Periplocin and cardiac glycosides suppress the unfolded protein response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9528. [PMID: 33947921 PMCID: PMC8097017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) controls protein homeostasis through transcriptional and translational regulation. However, dysregulated UPR signaling has been associated with the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Therefore, the compounds modulating UPR may provide molecular insights for these pathologies in the context of UPR. Here, we screened small-molecule compounds that suppress UPR, using a library of Myanmar wild plant extracts. The screening system to track X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) splicing activity revealed that the ethanol extract of the Periploca calophylla stem inhibited the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)-XBP1 pathway. We isolated and identified periplocin as a potent inhibitor of the IRE1-XBP1 axis. Periplocin also suppressed other UPR axes, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Examining the structure–activity relationship of periplocin revealed that cardiac glycosides also inhibited UPR. Moreover, periplocin suppressed the constitutive activation of XBP1 and exerted cytotoxic effects in the human multiple myeloma cell lines, AMO1 and RPMI8226. These results reveal a novel suppressive effect of periplocin or the other cardiac glycosides on UPR regulation, suggesting that these compounds will contribute to our understanding of the pathological or physiological importance of UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneshige Tokugawa
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan. .,Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chisane Kujirai
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsuno
- The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, Kochi, 781-8125, Japan
| | - Masaki Ri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuka Itoh
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyajima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morishita
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Chordia Therapeutics Inc., Kanagawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizukami
- The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, Kochi, 781-8125, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan. .,Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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218
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Zhang HH, Li C, Ren JW, Liu L, Du XH, Gao J, Liu T, Li SZ. OTUB1 facilitates bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2199-2209. [PMID: 33686769 PMCID: PMC8177800 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays an important role in carcinogenesis, but the functional role and mechanism of UPR‐associated bladder carcinogenesis remain to be characterized. Upon UPR activation, ATF6α is activated to upregulate the transcription of UPR target genes. Although the mechanism of ATF6 activation has been studied extensively, the negative regulation of ATF6 stabilization is not well understood. Here, we report that the deubiquitinase otubain 1 (OTUB1) facilitates bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. OTUB1 expression is raised in bladder cancer patients. Genetic ablation of OTUB1 markedly inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation, viability, and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, luciferase pathway screening showed that ATF6 signaling was clearly activated compared with other pathways. OTUB1 was found to activate ATF6 signaling by inhibiting its ubiquitylation, thereby remodeling the stressed cells through transcriptional regulation. Our results show that high OTUB1 expression promotes bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 and that OTUB1 is a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Hua Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shang-Ze Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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219
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Baudi I, Isogawa M, Moalli F, Onishi M, Kawashima K, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Sato Y, Harashima H, Ito H, Ishikawa T, Wakita T, Iannacone M, Tanaka Y. Interferon signaling suppresses the unfolded protein response and induces cell death in hepatocytes accumulating hepatitis B surface antigen. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009228. [PMID: 33979382 PMCID: PMC8143404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infection, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), occasionally causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is counteractive machinery to ER stress, and the failure of UPR to cope with ER stress results in cell death. Mechanisms that regulate the balance between ER stress and UPR are poorly understood. Type 1 and type 2 interferons have been implicated in hepatic flares during chronic HBV infection. Here, we examined the interplay between ER stress, UPR, and IFNs using transgenic mice that express hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (HBs-Tg mice) and humanized-liver chimeric mice infected with HBV. IFNα causes severe and moderate liver injury in HBs-Tg mice and HBV infected chimeric mice, respectively. The degree of liver injury is directly correlated with HBsAg levels in the liver, and reduction of HBsAg in the transgenic mice alleviates IFNα mediated liver injury. Analyses of total gene expression and UPR biomarkers' protein expression in the liver revealed that UPR is induced in HBs-Tg mice and HBV infected chimeric mice, indicating that HBsAg accumulation causes ER stress. Notably, IFNα administration transiently suppressed UPR biomarkers before liver injury without affecting intrahepatic HBsAg levels. Furthermore, UPR upregulation by glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) suppression or low dose tunicamycin alleviated IFNα mediated liver injury. These results suggest that IFNα induces ER stress-associated cell death by reducing UPR. IFNγ uses the same mechanism to exert cytotoxicity to HBsAg accumulating hepatocytes. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unknown mechanism of IFN-mediated cell death. This study also identifies UPR as a potential target for regulating ER stress-associated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Baudi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Federica Moalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Masaya Onishi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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220
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Jain P, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Mollen E, Malbeteau L, Xie M, Jessa F, Dhavarasa P, Chung S, Brown KR, Jang GH, Vora P, Notta F, Moffat J, Hedley D, Boutros PC, Wouters BG, Koritzinsky M. NOX4 links metabolic regulation in pancreatic cancer to endoplasmic reticulum redox vulnerability and dependence on PRDX4. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/19/eabf7114. [PMID: 33962950 PMCID: PMC8104867 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify vulnerabilities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC cells acquire metabolic changes that augment NADPH production and cytosolic redox homeostasis. Here, we show that high NADPH levels drive activity of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. NOX4 produces H2O2 metabolized by peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) in the ER lumen. Using functional genomics and subsequent in vitro and in vivo validations, we find that PDAC cell lines with high NADPH levels are dependent on PRDX4 for their growth and survival. PRDX4 addiction is associated with increased reactive oxygen species, a DNA-PKcs-governed DNA damage response and radiosensitivity, which can be rescued by depletion of NOX4 or NADPH. Hence, this study has identified NOX4 as a protein that paradoxically converts the reducing power of the cytosol to an ER-specific oxidative stress vulnerability in PDAC that may be therapeutically exploited by targeting PRDX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Jain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik Mollen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lucie Malbeteau
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Xie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fatima Jessa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Piriththiv Dhavarasa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gun Ho Jang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parth Vora
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hedley
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Human Genetics and Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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221
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Imani A, Maleki N, Bohlouli S, Kouhsoltani M, Sharifi S, Maleki Dizaj S. Molecular mechanisms of anticancer effect of rutin. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2500-2513. [PMID: 33295678 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of the extensive biological functions of natural substances such as bioflavonoids, and their high safety and low costs, they could have high priority application in the health care system. The antioxidant properties of rutin, a polyphenolic bioflavonoid, have been well documented and demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological applications in cancer research. Since chemotherapeutic drugs have a wide range of side effects and rutin is a safe anticancer agent with minor side effects so recent investigations are performed for study of mechanisms of its anticancer effect. Both in-vivo and in-vitro examinations on anticancer mechanisms of this natural agent have been widely carried out. Regulation of different cellular signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, p53-independent pathway, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, MAPK, p53, apoptosis as well as NF-ĸB signaling pathways helps to mediate the anticancer impacts of this agent. This study tried to review the molecular mechanisms of rutin anticancer effect on various types of cancer. Deep exploration of these anticancer mechanisms can facilitate the development of this beneficial compound for its application in the treatment of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Imani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Maleki
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bohlouli
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouhsoltani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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222
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Rangel DF, Dubeau L, Park R, Chan P, Ha DP, Pulido MA, Mullen DJ, Vorobyova I, Zhou B, Borok Z, Offringa IA, Lee AS. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78/BiP is critical for mutant Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2021; 40:3624-3632. [PMID: 33931739 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and KRAS is the most commonly mutated gene in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein GRP78/BiP is a key endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein and a major pro-survival effector of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and immunostain of patient tissues revealed that compared to normal lung, GRP78 expression is generally elevated in human lung cancers, including tumors bearing the KRASG12D mutation. To test the requirement of GRP78 in human lung oncogenesis, we generated mouse models containing floxed Grp78 and Kras Lox-Stop-Lox G12D (KrasLSL-G12D) alleles. Simultaneous activation of the KrasG12D allele and knockout of the Grp78 alleles were achieved in the whole lung or selectively in lung alveolar epithelial type 2 cells known to be precursors for adenomas that progress to LUAD. Here we report that GRP78 haploinsufficiency is sufficient to suppress KrasG12D-mediated lung tumor progression and prolong survival. Furthermore, GRP78 knockdown in human lung cancer cell line A427 (KrasG12D/+) leads to activation of UPR and apoptotic markers and loss of cell viability. Our studies provide evidence that targeting GRP78 represents a novel therapeutic approach to suppress mutant KRAS-mediated lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Flores Rangel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louis Dubeau
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Park
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dat P Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario A Pulido
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Mullen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ivetta Vorobyova
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ite A Offringa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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223
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Souza Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Aguiar TF, Lacruz RS. Mibefradil alters intracellular calcium concentration by activation of phospholipase C and IP 3 receptor function. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:12. [PMID: 35006468 PMCID: PMC8607413 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mibefradil is a tetralol derivative originally developed as an antagonist of T-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels to treat hypertension when used at nanomolar dosage. More recently, its therapeutic application in hypertension has declined and has been instead repurposed as a treatment of cancer cell proliferation and solid tumor growth. Beyond its function as a Cav blocker, the micromolar concentration of mibefradil can stimulate a rise in [Ca2+]cyt although the mechanism is poorly known. The chanzyme TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastanin 7), the release of intracellular Ca2+ pools, and Ca2+ influx by ORAI channels have been associated with the increase in [Ca2+]cyt triggered by mibefradil. This study aims to investigate the cellular targets and pathways associated with mibefradil's effect on [Ca2+]cyt. To address these questions, we monitored changes in [Ca2+]cyt in the specialized mouse epithelial cells (LS8 and ALC) and the widely used HEK-293 cells by stimulating these cells with mibefradil (0.1 μM to 100 μM). We show that mibefradil elicits an increase in [Ca2+]cyt at concentrations above 10 μM (IC50 around 50 μM) and a fast Ca2+ increase capacity at 100 μM. We found that inhibiting IP3 receptors, depleting the ER-Ca2+ stores, or blocking phospholipase C (PLC), significantly decreased the capacity of mibefradil to elevate [Ca2+]cyt. Moreover, the transient application of 100 μM mibefradil triggered Ca2+ influx by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by the ORAI channels. Our findings reveal that IP3R and PLC are potential new targets of mibefradil offering novel insights into the effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H Souza Bomfim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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224
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Role of protein S-Glutathionylation in cancer progression and development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108890. [PMID: 33894196 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The survival, functioning and proliferation of mammalian cells are highly dependent on the cellular response and adaptation to changes in their redox environment. Cancer cells often live in an altered redox environment due to aberrant neo-vasculature, metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated proliferation. Thus, redox adaptations are critical for their survival. Glutathione plays an essential role in maintaining redox homeostasis inside the cells by binding to redox-sensitive cysteine residues in proteins by a process called S-glutathionylation. S-Glutathionylation not only protects the labile cysteine residues from oxidation, but also serves as a sensor of redox status, and acts as a signal for stimulation of downstream processes and adaptive responses to ensure redox equilibrium. The present review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of the unique redox adaptations during carcinogenesis and cancer progression, focusing on their dependence on S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins involved in a wide range of processes including signalling, transcription, structural maintenance, mitochondrial functions, apoptosis and protein recycling. We also provide insights into the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Finally, we provide a strong rationale for the development of redox targeting drugs for treatment of refractory/resistant cancers.
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225
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Lei Y, He L, Yan C, Wang Y, Lv G. PERK activation by CCT020312 chemosensitizes colorectal cancer through inducing apoptosis regulated by ER stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:316-322. [PMID: 33894420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a significant mechanism for chemoresistance to colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. The RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is critical for ER stress induction. In the present study, we attempted to explore whether PERK activator CCT020312 (CCT) could be effective for CRC treatment, and reveal the underlying mechanisms. We first found that CCT dose- and time-dependently reduced CRC cell proliferation. Importantly, it markedly improved the chemosensitivity of CRC cells that were drug-sensitive or -resistant to taxol treatment, as evidenced by the significantly decreased cell viability. Moreover, CCT at the non-toxic concentration exhibited obviously synergistic effects with taxol to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in vitro. In addition, we showed that CCT alone considerably induced ER stress in CRC cells through a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Meanwhile, CCT combined with taxol caused significant ER stress through improving phosphorylated PERK, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2ɑ), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). More studies showed that the interaction between PERK and GRP78 was a potential target for CCT to perform its regulatory events. Intriguingly, PERK knockdown markedly abolished the regulatory role of CCT and taxol cotreatments in cell proliferation suppression and apoptosis induction, indicating the importance of PERK for CCT to perform its anti-cancer bioactivity. Our in vivo experiments confirmed that CCT plus taxol dramatically reduced tumor growth in CRC xenografts. Together, all these results suggested that promoting PERK activation by CCT may be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve CRC to taxol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China
| | - Lirui He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China
| | - Chang Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China
| | - Guoqing Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China.
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226
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Murai Y, Jo U, Murai J, Jenkins LM, Huang SYN, Chakka S, Chen L, Cheng K, Fukuda S, Takebe N, Pommier Y. SLFN11 Inactivation Induces Proteotoxic Stress and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Ubiquitin Activating Enzyme Inhibitor TAK-243. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3067-3078. [PMID: 33863777 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Schlafen11 (SLFN11) inactivation occurs in approximately 50% of cancer cell lines and in a large fraction of patient tumor samples, which leads to chemoresistance. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to target SLFN11-deficient cancers. To that effect, we conducted a drug screen with the NCATS mechanistic drug library of 1,978 compounds in isogenic SLFN11-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) leukemia cell lines. Here we report that TAK-243, a first-in-class ubiquitin activating enzyme UBA1 inhibitor in clinical development, causes preferential cytotoxicity in SLFN11-KO cells; this effect is associated with claspin-mediated DNA replication inhibition by CHK1 independently of ATR. Additional analyses showed that SLFN11-KO cells exhibit consistently enhanced global protein ubiquitylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), and protein aggregation. TAK-243 suppressed global protein ubiquitylation and activated the UPR transducers PERK, phosphorylated eIF2α, phosphorylated IRE1, and ATF6 more effectively in SLFN11-KO cells than in WT cells. Proteomic analysis using biotinylated mass spectrometry and RNAi screening also showed physical and functional interactions of SLFN11 with translation initiation complexes and protein folding machinery. These findings uncover a previously unknown function of SLFN11 as a regulator of protein quality control and attenuator of ER stress and UPR. Moreover, they suggest the potential value of TAK-243 in SLFN11-deficient tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers that SLFN11 deficiency induces proteotoxic stress and sensitizes cancer cells to TAK-243, suggesting that profiling SLFN11 status can serve as a therapeutic biomarker for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ukhyun Jo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Junko Murai
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shar-Yin N Huang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sirisha Chakka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Functional Genomics Laboratory, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Functional Genomics Laboratory, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ken Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Functional Genomics Laboratory, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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227
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Kim J, Lee S, Kim H, Lee H, Seong KM, Youn H, Youn B. Autophagic Organelles in DNA Damage Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668735. [PMID: 33912571 PMCID: PMC8072393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important subcellular event engaged in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis via the degradation of cargo proteins and malfunctioning organelles. In response to cellular stresses, like nutrient deprivation, infection, and DNA damaging agents, autophagy is activated to reduce the damage and restore cellular homeostasis. One of the responses to cellular stresses is the DNA damage response (DDR), the intracellular pathway that senses and repairs damaged DNA. Proper regulation of these pathways is crucial for preventing diseases. The involvement of autophagy in the repair and elimination of DNA aberrations is essential for cell survival and recovery to normal conditions, highlighting the importance of autophagy in the resolution of cell fate. In this review, we summarized the latest information about autophagic recycling of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ribosomes (called mitophagy, ER-phagy, and ribophagy, respectively) in response to DNA damage. In addition, we have described the key events necessary for a comprehensive understanding of autophagy signaling networks. Finally, we have highlighted the importance of the autophagy activated by DDR and appropriate regulation of autophagic organelles, suggesting insights for future studies. Especially, DDR from DNA damaging agents including ionizing radiation (IR) or anti-cancer drugs, induces damage to subcellular organelles and autophagy is the key mechanism for removing impaired organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongha Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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228
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Karunarathne WAHM, Molagoda IMN, Lee KT, Choi YH, Yu SM, Kang CH, Kim GY. Protective Effect of Anthocyanin-Enriched Polyphenols from Hibiscus syriacus L. (Malvaceae) against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040584. [PMID: 33918765 PMCID: PMC8069133 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin-enriched polyphenols from the flower petals of H. syriacus L. (Malvaceae, AHs) possess anti-septic shock, anti-oxidant, and anti-melanogenic properties. However, whether AHs positively or negatively regulate ultraviolet B (UVB)-mediated photoaging and photodamage remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of AHs against UVB-induced damage. We examined the photoprotective effects of AHs on UVB-induced apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). AHs prevented UVB irradiation-induced apoptosis of HaCaT keratinocytes by inhibiting caspase activation and ROS production. Moreover, AHs restored the survival rate and the hatchability of UVB-irradiated zebrafish larvae without any abnormalities. Furthermore, AHs inhibited UVB-induced ER stress, resulting in a decrease in mtROS production via the stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results indicate that AHs inhibit UVB-induced apoptosis by downregulating total cytosolic ROof cytosolic CaS and ER-mediated mitoROS production in both HaCaT keratinocytes and zebrafish larvae. These findings provide evidence for the applications of AHs to protect skin from UVB-induced photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyoung Tae Lee
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Jinju 52817, Korea;
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Sang-Mi Yu
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea;
| | - Chang-Hee Kang
- Bioresources Industrialization Support Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea;
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (W.A.H.M.K.); (I.M.N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-756-3427
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Shimomura I, Watanabe N, Yamamoto T, Kumazaki M, Tada Y, Tatsumi K, Ochiya T, Yamamoto Y. Selective targeting of KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis via unresolved ER stress. JCI Insight 2021; 6:137876. [PMID: 33830081 PMCID: PMC8119185 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer with oncogenic KRAS makes up a significant proportion of lung cancers and is accompanied by a poor prognosis. Recent advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer with oncogenic KRAS have enabled the development of drugs, yet mutated KRAS remains undruggable. We performed small-molecule library screening and identified verteporfin, a yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) inhibitor; verteporfin treatment markedly reduced cell viability in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells in vitro and suppressed KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo. Comparative functional analysis of verteporfin treatment and YAP1 knockdown with siRNA revealed that the cytotoxic effect of verteporfin was at least partially independent of YAP1 inhibition. A whole-transcriptome approach revealed the distinct expression profiles in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells between verteporfin treatment and YAP1 knockdown and identified the selective involvement of the ER stress pathway in the effects of verteporfin treatment in KRAS-mutant lung cancer, leading to apoptotic cell death. These data provide novel insight to uncover vulnerabilities in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Shimomura
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoaki Watanabe
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Kumazaki
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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230
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Yang W, Xu X, Xu M, Zhou J, Xi Z, Guo H, Ming J, Huang T. XBP1s Acts as a Tumor Suppressor to Inhibit the EMT Process and Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2339-2348. [PMID: 33854332 PMCID: PMC8039847 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s297046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients could obtain poor prognosis if they have lymph node metastasis, identification of informative and robust biomarkers for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis is critical for improving clinical decision-making and patient prognosis. Materials and Methods In this study, we analyzed the expression of X box binding protein 1 spliced-form (XBP1s) in 41 PTC tissue samples and extended our findings using public databases, then we investigated how XBP1s’ contributed to PTC progression in vitro. Results We found that XBP1s’ expression was lower in PTC patients with cervical lymph node metastasis than non-metastasis patients by immunohistochemical analysis. With publicly accessible dataset, we showed that the XBP1 transcription was significantly decreased in thyroid cancer (TC) tissues with lymph node metastasis as compared to that without lymph node metastasis. Moreover, we also found that XBP1 expression was significantly correlated with patients’ gender, T classification, lymph node metastasis and PTC stages, and low XBP1 expression was associated with poor diseases free survival (DFS). In vitro, XBP1s overexpression could inhibit the invasion, migration, and wound healing capacity of PTC cells. Mechanistically, overexpression of XBP1s could enhance the expression of classical epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers such as ZO-1 and E-cadherins, and downregulated N-cadherin in BCPAP cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that XBP1s is a prognostic maker for thyroid carcinoma patients, and sustaining XBP1s expression might be a new strategy to control PTC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Xi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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231
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Miller DR, Thorburn A. Autophagy and organelle homeostasis in cancer. Dev Cell 2021; 56:906-918. [PMID: 33689692 PMCID: PMC8026727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with the earliest studies of autophagy in cancer, there have been indications that autophagy can both promote and inhibit cancer growth and progression; autophagy regulation of organelle homeostasis is similarly complicated. In this review we discuss pro- and antitumor effects of organelle-targeted autophagy and how this contributes to several hallmarks of cancer, such as evading cell death, genomic instability, and altered metabolism. Typically, the removal of damaged or dysfunctional organelles prevents tumor development but can also aid in proliferation or drug resistance in established tumors. By better understanding how organelle-specific autophagy takes place and can be manipulated, it may be possible to go beyond the brute-force approach of trying to manipulate all autophagy in order to improve therapeutic targeting of this process in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannah R Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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232
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Shi L, Du X, Liu H, Chen X, Ma Y, Wang R, Tian Z, Zhang S, Guo H, Zhang H. Update on the adverse effects of microcystins on the liver. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110890. [PMID: 33617868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most common cyanobacteria toxins in eutrophic water, which have strong hepatotoxicity. In the past decade, epidemiological and toxicological studies on liver damage caused by MCs have proliferated, and new mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by MCs have also been discovered and confirmed. However, there has not been a comprehensive and systematic review of these new findings. Therefore, this paper summarizes the latest advances in studies on the hepatotoxicity of MCs to reveal the effects and mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by MCs. Current epidemiological studies have confirmed that symptoms or signs of liver damage appear after human exposure to MCs, and a long time of exposure can even lead to liver cancer. Toxicological studies have shown that MCs can affect the expression of oncogenes by activating cell proliferation pathways such as MAPK and Akt, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of cancer. The latest evidence shows that epigenetic modifications may play an important role in MCs-induced liver cancer. MCs can cause damage to the liver by inducing hepatocyte death, mainly manifested as apoptosis and necrosis. The imbalance of liver metabolic homeostasis may be involved in hepatotoxicity induced by MCs. In addition, the combined toxicity of MCs and other toxins are also discussed in this article. This detailed information will be a valuable reference for further exploring of MCs-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ya Ma
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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233
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Amodio G, Pagliara V, Moltedo O, Remondelli P. Structural and Functional Significance of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response Transducers and Chaperones at the Mitochondria-ER Contacts: A Cancer Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641194. [PMID: 33842465 PMCID: PMC8033034 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a key coordinator of cellular homeostasis, thanks to its physical interconnection to almost all intracellular organelles. In particular, an intense and mutual crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria occurs at the mitochondria–ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs ensure a fine-tuned regulation of fundamental cellular processes, involving cell fate decision, mitochondria dynamics, metabolism, and proteostasis, which plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and therapeutic response of cancer cells. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown that different components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery, including PERK, IRE1α, and ER chaperones, localize at MERCs. These proteins appear to exhibit multifaceted roles that expand beyond protein folding and UPR transduction and are often related to the control of calcium fluxes to the mitochondria, thus acquiring relevance to cell survival and death. In this review, we highlight the novel functions played by PERK, IRE1α, and ER chaperones at MERCs focusing on their impact on tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valentina Pagliara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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234
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p97/VCP is highly expressed in the stem-like cells of breast cancer and controls cancer stemness partly through the unfolded protein response. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:286. [PMID: 33731668 PMCID: PMC7969628 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
p97/VCP, an evolutionarily concerned ATPase, partakes in multiple cellular proteostatic processes, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Elevated expression of p97 is common in many cancers and is often associated with poor survival. Here we report that the levels of p97 positively correlated with the histological grade, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis in breast cancers. We further examined p97 expression in the stem-like cancer cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cell population that purportedly underscores cancer initiation, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. We found that p97 was consistently at a higher level in the CD44+/CD24-, ALDH+, or PKH26+ CSC populations than the respective non-CSC populations in human breast cancer tissues and cancer cell lines and p97 expression also positively correlated with that of SOX2, another CSC marker. To assess the role of p97 in breast cancers, cancer proliferation, mammosphere, and orthotopic growth were analyzed. Similarly as p97 depletion, two pharmacological inhibitors, which targets the ER-associated p97 or globally inhibits p97's ATPase activity, markedly reduced cancer growth and the CSC population. Importantly, depletion or inhibition of p97 greatly suppressed the proliferation of the ALDH+ CSCs and the CSC-enriched mammospheres, while exhibiting much less or insignificant inhibitory effects on the non-CSC cancer cells. Comparable phenotypes produced by blocking ERAD suggest that ER proteostasis is essential for the CSC integrity. Loss of p97 gravely activated the unfolded protein response (UPR) and modulated the expression of multiple stemness and pluripotency regulators, including C/EBPδ, c-MYC, SOX2, and SKP2, which collectively contributed to the demise of CSCs. In summary, p97 controls the breast CSC integrity through multiple targets, many of which directly affect cancer stemness and are induced by UPR activation. Our findings highlight the importance of p97 and ER proteostasis in CSC biology and anticancer therapy.
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235
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Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 on Inhibiting Differentiation, Adipogenesis, and ER Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Brown Adipocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6668665. [PMID: 33815558 PMCID: PMC7990545 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), a main active component of Panax ginseng, has various therapeutic properties in literatures, and it has been studied for its potential use in obesity control due to its antiadipogenic effects in white adipocytes. However, little is known about its effects on brown adipocytes. Methods The mechanisms through which Rg3 inhibits differentiation, adipogenesis, and ER stress-mediated cell death in mouse primary brown adipocytes (MPBAs) are explored. Results Rg3 significantly induced cytotoxicity in differentiated MPBAs but not in undifferentiated MPBAs. Rg3 treatment downregulated the expression of differentiation and adipogenesis markers and the level of perilipin in MPBAs while upregulating the expression of lipolytic Kruppel-like factor genes. Rg3 also induced lipolysis and efflux of triglycerides from MPBAs and subsequently increased proinflammatory cytokine levels. Notably, Rg3 treatment resulted in elevation of ER stress and proapoptotic markers in MPBAs. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Rg3 is able to selectively exert cytotoxicity in differentiated MPBAs while leaving undifferentiated MPBAs intact, resulting in the induction of ER stress and subsequent cell death in MPBAs via regulation of various genes related to adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammation. These results indicate that further studies on the potential therapeutic applications of Rg3 are warranted.
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236
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Yang J, Ding L, Yu L, Wang Y, Ge M, Jiang Q, Chen Y. Nanomedicine enables autophagy-enhanced cancer-cell ferroptosis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:464-477. [PMID: 36654184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis and autophagy, playing significant roles in tumor treatment, are two typical forms of the programmed cell death. However, the rational combination of ferroptosis and autophagy for synergistic tumor therapy is still highly challenging. Herein, we report on an intriguing nanomedicine strategy for achieving autophagy-enhanced ferroptosis on efficiently combating cancer, which was based on the construction of trehalose-loaded mSiO2@MnOx-mPEG (TreMMM) nanoparticles with satisfactory biocompatibility. The nanoparticles are endowed with high glutathione (GSH) consumption efficiency, thereby inducing cancer-cell ferroptosis via inactivating glutathione peroxidases 4 (GPX4). Subsequently, the TreMMM degradation due to the GSH depletion and pH sensitivity contributed to the trehalose release for inducing autophagy, promoting/enhancing ferroptosis by NCOA4-mediated degradation of ferritin. A substantial in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect was achieved by such an intriguing autophagy-enhanced ferroptosis. Therefore, the rational combination of GSH-consumption-induced ferroptosis and trehalose-induced autophagy by nanomedicine design provides an alternative but effective strategy for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Ding
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Luodan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Ge
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quzi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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237
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Extracellular α-Synuclein Modulates Iron Metabolism Related Proteins via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in MES23.5 Dopaminergic Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1502-1513. [PMID: 33704649 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein plays a vital role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Spreading of α-synuclein in neighboring cells was believed to contribute to progression in PD. How α-synuclein transmission affects adjacent cells is not full elucidated. Here, we used recombinant α-synuclein to mimic intercellular transmitted α-synuclein in MES23.5 dopaminergic cells, to investigate whether and how it could modulate iron metabolism. The results showed that α-synuclein treatment up-regulated divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and down-regulated iron transporter (FPN), also up-regulated iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) protein levels and hepcidin mRNA levels. Endocytosis inhibitor dynasore pretreatment completely abolished and even reversed the upregulation of DMT1 and IRP1 induced by α-synuclein, however, FPN down-regulation was partially blocked by dynasore. Autophagy-inducing agent rapamycin reversed DMT1 up-regulation and FPN down-regulation, and fully blocked the upregulation of IRP1. Elevated hepcidin levels induced by α-synuclein was fully blocked by dynasore pretreatment, however, even higher with rapamycin pretreatment. Alpha-synuclein treatment triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress inducer thapsigargin induced similar responses elicited by α-synuclein. ER stress inhibitor salubrinal blocked the up-regulation of IRP1 and hepcidin, as well as DMT1 up-regulation and FPN down-regulation, also dramatically abolished cAMP-response elements binding protein phosphorylation induced by α-synuclein. Taken together, these finding indicated that extracellular α-synuclein could regulate cellular iron metabolism, probably mediated by ER stress. It provides novel evidence to elucidate the relationships between transmitted α-synuclein and iron metabolism disturbance in PD.
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238
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EGFRvIII Promotes Cell Survival during Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through a Reticulocalbin 1-Dependent Mechanism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061198. [PMID: 33801941 PMCID: PMC7999088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A key molecule, EGFRvIII has been shown to provide several growth advantages for brain tumors. However, we have found a new mechanism in which the EGFRvIII provides increased survival to brain cancer cells when under sub-optimal conditions. Specifically, we have found that the EGFRvIII drives the expression of a molecule called Reticulocalbin 1 (RCN1) and that RCN1 blocks cell stress and cell death, thereby allowing cells to survive and proliferate. Importantly, these findings will allow for the generation of drugs that block the function of EGFRvIII and RCN1 with the hope that these drugs will induce brain cancer cell death. Abstract Reticulocalbin 1 (RCN1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing protein, involved in promoting cell survival during pathophysiological conditions that lead to ER stress. However, the key upstream receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates RCN1 expression and its potential role in cell survival in the glioblastoma setting have not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that RCN1 expression significantly correlates with poor glioblastoma patient survival. We also demonstrate that glioblastoma cells with expression of EGFRvIII receptor also have high RCN1 expression. Over-expression of wildtype EGFR also correlated with high RCN1 expression, suggesting that EGFR and EGFRvIII regulate RCN1 expression. Importantly, cells that expressed EGFRvIII and subsequently showed high RCN1 expression displayed greater cell viability under ER stress compared to EGFRvIII negative glioblastoma cells. Consistently, we also demonstrated that RCN1 knockdown reduced cell viability and exogenous introduction of RCN1 enhanced cell viability following induction of ER stress. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the EGFRvIII-RCN1-driven increase in cell survival is due to the inactivation of the ER stress markers ATF4 and ATF6, maintained expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduced activity of caspase 3/7. Our current findings identify that EGFRvIII regulates RCN1 expression and that this novel association promotes cell survival in glioblastoma cells during ER stress.
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Chen Z, Zhang J, Xue H, Qian M, Guo X, Gao X, Xu J, Qi Y, Sun X, Li G. Nitidine Chloride Is a Potential Alternative Therapy for Glioma Through Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Alleviating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735419900927. [PMID: 32129091 PMCID: PMC7057402 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419900927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant glioma is a lethal brain tumor that is highly resistant to standard therapy. Our research aims to explore the suppressive effects of nitidine chloride (NC) on gliomas and the mechanisms involved, showing that it is a potential agent for integrative therapy of gliomas. Methods: After glioma cells were treated with NC, several experiments were performed to evaluate NC’s antitumor effects. CCK-8 assay was used to detect viability. Transwell and 3-dimensional spheroid invasion assays were used to evaluate motility of glioma in vitro, and the sphere-formation assay showed NC’s influence on glioma stem cells. Apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species were measured by means of flow cytometry. Subcellular structures were observed through transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis reflected expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins. An orthotopic xenograft model was established to investigate the tumor suppressive effects in vivo. Results: Nitidine chloride inhibited glioma cell migration and invasion in vitro, downregulated the EMT proteins, and suppressed sphere formation of glioma stem cells. Furthermore, NC induced persistent ER stress that contributed to apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. The xenograft model showed that NC effectively restricted glioma growth and invasion in vivo. Furthermore, we confirmed the signaling pathways that ER stress downregulates C/EBPβ and slug, as well as inhibition of the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin axis caused by NC, in U-87 MG. Conclusion: We demonstrated that NC inhibits gliomas in vitro and in vivo by activating ER stress and downregulating EMT, which provides a basis for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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240
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Du R, Sullivan DK, Azizian NG, Liu Y, Li Y. Inhibition of ERAD synergizes with FTS to eradicate pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:237. [PMID: 33676427 PMCID: PMC7937230 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal cancers, is driven by oncogenic KRAS mutations. Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (FTS), also known as salirasib, is a RAS inhibitor that selectively dislodges active RAS proteins from cell membrane, inhibiting downstream signaling. FTS has demonstrated limited therapeutic efficacy in PDAC patients despite being well tolerated. Methods To improve the efficacy of FTS in PDAC, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR synthetic lethality screen to identify genetic targets that synergize with FTS treatment. Among the top candidates, multiple genes in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway were identified. The role of ERAD inhibition in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of FTS was further investigated in pancreatic cancer cells using pharmaceutical and genetic approaches. Results In murine and human PDAC cells, FTS induced unfolded protein response (UPR), which was further augmented upon treatment with a chemical inhibitor of ERAD, Eeyarestatin I (EerI). Combined treatment with FTS and EerI significantly upregulated the expression of UPR marker genes and induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, CRISPR-based genetic ablation of the key ERAD components, HRD1 and SEL1L, sensitized PDAC cells to FTS treatment. Conclusion Our study reveals a critical role for ERAD in therapeutic response of FTS and points to the modulation of UPR as a novel approach to improve the efficacy of FTS in PDAC treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07967-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Du
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Delaney K Sullivan
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nancy G Azizian
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuanhui Liu
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yulin Li
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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241
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Gallot YS, Bohnert KR. Confounding Roles of ER Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2567. [PMID: 33806433 PMCID: PMC7961896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an essential organ, responsible for many physiological functions such as breathing, locomotion, postural maintenance, thermoregulation, and metabolism. Interestingly, skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, capable of adapting to anabolic and catabolic stimuli. Skeletal muscle contains a specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, composed of an extensive network of tubules. In addition to the role of folding and trafficking proteins within the cell, this specialized organelle is responsible for the regulated release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytoplasm to trigger a muscle contraction. Under various stimuli, such as exercise, hypoxia, imbalances in calcium levels, ER homeostasis is disturbed and the amount of misfolded and/or unfolded proteins accumulates in the ER. This accumulation of misfolded/unfolded protein causes ER stress and leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, the role of the UPR in skeletal muscle has only just begun to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress and UPR markers are drastically induced in various catabolic stimuli including cachexia, denervation, nutrient deprivation, aging, and disease. Evidence indicates some of these molecules appear to be aiding the skeletal muscle in regaining homeostasis whereas others demonstrate the ability to drive the atrophy. Continued investigations into the individual molecules of this complex pathway are necessary to fully understand the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann S. Gallot
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Kyle R. Bohnert
- Kinesiology Department, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, IA 52803, USA
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242
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Unraveling the Molecular Nexus between GPCRs, ERS, and EMT. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6655417. [PMID: 33746610 PMCID: PMC7943314 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large family of transmembrane proteins that transduce an external stimulus into a variety of cellular responses. They play a critical role in various pathological conditions in humans, including cancer, by regulating a number of key processes involved in tumor formation and progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in promoting cancer cell invasion and tumor dissemination leading to metastasis, an often intractable state of the disease. Uncontrolled proliferation and persistent metabolism of cancer cells also induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and depletion of growth factors and nutrients. These disturbances lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induce a cellular condition called ER stress (ERS) which is counteracted by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many GPCRs modulate ERS and UPR signaling via ERS sensors, IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6, to support cancer cell survival and inhibit cell death. By regulating downstream signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin, GPCRs also upregulate mesenchymal transcription factors including Snail, ZEB, and Twist superfamilies which regulate cell polarity, cytoskeleton remodeling, migration, and invasion. Likewise, ERS-induced UPR upregulates gene transcription and expression of proteins related to EMT enhancing tumor aggressiveness. Though GPCRs are attractive therapeutic targets in cancer biology, much less is known about their roles in regulating ERS and EMT. Here, we will discuss the interplay in GPCR-ERS linked to the EMT process of cancer cells, with a particular focus on oncogenes and molecular signaling pathways.
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243
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Yang J, Ding L, Yu L, Wang Y, Ge M, Jiang Q, Chen Y. Nanomedicine enables autophagy-enhanced cancer-cell ferroptosis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:464-477. [DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
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244
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Kitajima S, Sun W, Lee KL, Ho JC, Oyadomari S, Okamoto T, Masai H, Poellinger L, Kato H. A KDM6 inhibitor potently induces ATF4 and its target gene expression through HRI activation and by UTX inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4538. [PMID: 33633164 PMCID: PMC7907191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
UTX/KDM6A encodes a major histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, and is frequently mutated in various types of human cancers. Although UTX appears to play a crucial role in oncogenesis, the mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Here we show that a specific pharmacological inhibitor of H3K27 demethylases, GSK-J4, induces the expression of transcription activating factor 4 (ATF4) protein as well as the ATF4 target genes (e.g. PCK2, CHOP, REDD1, CHAC1 and TRIB3). ATF4 induction by GSK-J4 was due to neither transcriptional nor post-translational regulation. In support of this view, the ATF4 induction was almost exclusively dependent on the heme-regulated eIF2α kinase (HRI) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Gene expression profiles with UTX disruption by CRISPR-Cas9 editing and the following stable re-expression of UTX showed that UTX specifically suppresses the expression of the ATF4 target genes, suggesting that UTX inhibition is at least partially responsible for the ATF4 induction. Apoptosis induction by GSK-J4 was partially and cell-type specifically correlated with the activation of ATF4-CHOP. These findings highlight that the anti-cancer drug candidate GSK-J4 strongly induces ATF4 and its target genes via HRI activation and raise a possibility that UTX might modulate cancer formation by regulating the HRI-ATF4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Kitajima
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji 246-2, Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052 Japan
| | - Wendi Sun
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jolene Caifeng Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hisao Masai
- grid.272456.0Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Lorenz Poellinger
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore ,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore ,grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan ,grid.272456.0Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
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245
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Gilardini Montani MS, Benedetti R, Piconese S, Pulcinelli FM, Timperio AM, Romeo MA, Masuelli L, Mattei M, Bei R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. PGE2 Released by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Undergoing ER Stress Transfers the Stress to DCs Impairing Their Immune Function. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:934-945. [PMID: 33632872 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that pancreatic cancer cells undergoing cell death by valproic acid (VPA) treatment activated dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently than those treated with trichostatin A (TSA), as demonstrated by CD86 and CD80 surface expression. Surprisingly though, DCs cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from VPA-treated cancer cells showed a reduced allostimulatory capacity and an increased release of IL10 and IL8 cytokines in comparison with those exposed to TSA-treated cell culture supernatant. Searching for molecular mechanisms leading to such differences, we found that VPA treatment dysregulated choline metabolism and triggered a stronger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pancreatic cancer cells than TSA, upregulating CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, and activated cyclooxygenase-2, thus promoting the release of prostaglandin (PG) E2. Interestingly, dysfunctional DCs cultured in the presence of VPA-treated cells culture supernatant showed a higher level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal protein adducts, and ER stress, as evidenced by the upregulation of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s), effects that were reduced when DCs were exposed to supernatant of cancer cells treated with Celecoxib before VPA. Celecoxib prevented PGE2 release, restoring the function of DCs exposed to VPA-treated cells culture supernatant, and a similar effect was obtained by silencing XBP1s in DCs treated with VPA-treated cells culture supernatant. These results suggest that PGE2 could be one of the yet unidentified factors able to transfer the stress from cancer cells to DCs, resulting in an impairment of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale-Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata,' Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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246
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Straughn AR, Kelm NQ, Kakar SS. Withaferin A and Ovarian Cancer Antagonistically Regulate Skeletal Muscle Mass. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636498. [PMID: 33718372 PMCID: PMC7947350 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a complex wasting syndrome that overwhelmingly affects the majority of late-stage cancer patients. Additionally, there are currently no efficacious therapeutic agents to treat the muscle atrophy induced by the cancer. While several preclinical studies have investigated the molecular signals orchestrating cachexia, very little information exists pertaining to ovarian cancer and the associated cachexia. Work from our lab has recently demonstrated that the steroidal lactone Withaferin A (WFA) is capable of attenuating the atrophying effects of ovarian cancer in a preclinical mouse model. However, it remained to be determined whether WFA's effect was in response to its anti-tumorigenic properties, or if it was capable of targeting skeletal muscle directly. The purpose of this study was to uncover whether WFA was capable of regulating muscle mass under tumor-free and tumor-bearing conditions. Treatment with WFA led to an improvement in functional muscle strength and mass under tumor-bearing and naïve conditions. WFA and ovarian cancer were observed to act antagonistically upon critical skeletal muscle regulatory systems, notably myogenic progenitors and proteolytic degradation pathways. Our results demonstrated for the first time that, while WFA has anti-tumorigenic properties, it also exerts hypertrophying effects on skeletal muscle mass, suggesting that it could be an anti-cachectic agent in the settings of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Straughn
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Natia Q. Kelm
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sham S. Kakar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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247
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de la Harpe A, Beukes N, Frost CL. CBD activation of TRPV1 induces oxidative signaling and subsequent ER stress in breast cancer cell lines. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:420-430. [PMID: 33604949 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an imbalance between the protein-folding load and capacity of ER. It can be induced by various physiological conditions, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish homeostasis, promoting cell survival. Under severe or chronic stress, apoptosis is induced. Normal cells generally do not experience continuous ER stress induction. The stressful conditions experienced in the tumor microenvironment facilitate chronic ER stress and UPR activation, which plays a pivotal role in tumour survival. Exacerbation of pre-existing ER stress can trigger cancer cell death, with a minimal effect on normal cells. Current literature suggests that cannabinoid treatment may induce cancer cell death via ER stress; however, little is known about the mechanisms of induction. This study proposed that cannabidiol (CBD) mechanism occurred through the influx of Ca2+ via the TRPV1 receptor, and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production affects protein folding and induces ER stress. ER stress was induced, and detection and quantification were completed using Thioflavin T staining and GRP78 by western blot analysis. The effect of cannabinoid treatment on ROS production and Ca2+ influx was measured. CBD was the most potent ER stress inducer, significantly increasing Ca2+ and ROS accumulation. Concomitant treatment with CBD and an antioxidant significantly increased cell viability and decreased ER stress induction in the MCF7 cell line. Concomitant treatment with a TRPV1 antagonist increased viability in this cell line. In conclusion, the data suggested that CBD induced ER stress via Ca2+ influx through the TRPV1 receptor, thereby elevating intracellular ROS levels and disrupting protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy de la Harpe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Natasha Beukes
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Carminita L Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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248
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Qu J, Zou T, Lin Z. The Roles of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1526. [PMID: 33546413 PMCID: PMC7913544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle in eukaryotic cells, which is essential for synthesis, processing, sorting of protein and lipid metabolism. However, the cells activate a defense mechanism called endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) response and initiate unfolded protein response (UPR) as the unfolded proteins exceed the folding capacity of the ER due to the environmental influences or increased protein synthesis. ER stress can mediate many cellular processes, including autophagy, apoptosis and senescence. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in the degradation of more than 80% of proteins in the cells. Today, increasing numbers of studies have shown that the two important components of UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), are tightly related to ER stress. In this review, we summarized the regulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs in ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenghong Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.Q.); (T.Z.)
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249
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LW-213 induces cell apoptosis in human cutaneous T-cell lymphomas by activating PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:290-300. [PMID: 32747719 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is characterized by a heterogeneous group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas, in which monoclonal T lymphocytes infiltrate the skin. LW-213, a derivative of wogonin, was found to induce cell apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this study, we investigated the effects of LW-213 on CTCL cells and the underlying mechanisms. We showed that LW-213 (1-25 μM) dose-dependently inhibited human CTCL cell lines (Hut-102, Hut-78, MyLa, and HH) with IC50 values of around 10 μM, meanwhile it potently inhibited primary leukemia cells derived from peripheral blood of T-cell lymphoma patients. We revealed that LW-213-induced apoptosis was accompanied by ROS formation and the release of calcium from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through IP3R-1channel. LW-213 selectively activated CHOP and induced apoptosis in Hut-102 cells via activating PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway. Interestingly, the degree of apoptosis and expression of ER stress-related proteins were alleviated in the presence of either N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger, or 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), an IP3R-1 inhibitor, implicating ROS/calcium-dependent ER stress in LW-213-induced apoptosis. In NOD/SCID mice bearing Hut-102 cell line xenografts, administration of LW-213 (10 mg/kg, ip, every other day for 4 weeks) markedly inhibited the growth of Hut-102 derived xenografts and prolonged survival. In conclusion, our study provides a new insight into the mechanism of LW-213-induced apoptosis, suggesting the potential of LW-213 as a promising agent against CTCL.
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250
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Huang J, Pan H, Wang J, Wang T, Huo X, Ma Y, Lu Z, Sun B, Jiang H. Unfolded protein response in colorectal cancer. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:26. [PMID: 33514437 PMCID: PMC7844992 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a gastrointestinal malignancy originating from either the colon or the rectum. A growing number of researches prove that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. The UPR has three canonical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein sensors: inositol requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), pancreatic ER eIF2α kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Each of the three pathways is closely associated with CRC development. The three pathways are relatively independent as well as interrelated. Under ER stress, the activated UPR boosts the protein folding capacity to maximize cell adaptation and survival, whereas sustained or excessive ER triggers cell apoptosis conversely. The UPR involves different stages of CRC pathogenesis, promotes or hinders the progression of CRC, and will pave the way for novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Meanwhile, the correlation between different signal branches in UPR and the switch between the adaptation and apoptosis pathways still need to be further investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayang Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinge Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & College of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Huo
- Pediatrics Department of The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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