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Ramalingam TR, Gieseck RL, Acciani TH, M Hart K, Cheever AW, Mentink-Kane MM, Vannella KM, Wynn TA. Enhanced protection from fibrosis and inflammation in the combined absence of IL-13 and IFN-γ. J Pathol 2016; 239:344-54. [PMID: 27125685 DOI: 10.1002/path.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent or dysregulated IL-13 responses are key drivers of fibrosis in multiple organ systems, and this identifies this cytokine as an important therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which IL-13 blockade leads to the amelioration of fibrosis remain unclear. Because IFN-γ exhibits potent anti-fibrotic activity, and IL-4Rα signalling antagonizes IFN-γ effector function, compensatory increases in IFN-γ activity following IL-13/IL-4Rα blockade might contribute to the reduction in fibrosis. To investigate the role of IFN-γ, we developed novel IL-13(-/-) /IFN-γ(-/-) double cytokine-deficient mice and examined disease progression in models of type 2-driven fibrosis. As predicted, we showed that fibrosis in the lung and liver are both highly dependent on IL-13. We also observed increased IFN-γ production and inflammatory activity in the tissues of IL-13-deficient mice. Surprisingly, however, an even greater reduction in fibrosis was observed in IL-13/IFN-γ double deficient mice, most notably in the livers of mice chronically infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The increased protection was associated with marked decreases in Tgfb1, Mmp12, and Timp1 mRNA expression in the tissues; reduced inflammation; and decreased expression of important pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α. Experiments conducted with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to IL-13 and IFN-γ validated the findings with the genetically deficient mice. Together, these studies demonstrate that the reduction in fibrosis observed when IL-13 signalling is suppressed is not dependent on increased IFN-γ activity. Instead, by reducing compensatory increases in type 1-associated inflammation, therapeutic strategies that block IFN-γ and IL-13 activity simultaneously can confer greater protection from progressive fibrosis than IL-13 blockade alone. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Gieseck
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas H Acciani
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Hart
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allen W Cheever
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin M Vannella
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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202
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Mukai K, Tsai M, Starkl P, Marichal T, Galli SJ. IgE and mast cells in host defense against parasites and venoms. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:581-603. [PMID: 27225312 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IgE-dependent mast cell activation is a major effector mechanism underlying the pathology associated with allergic disorders. The most dramatic of these IgE-associated disorders is the fatal anaphylaxis which can occur in some people who have developed IgE antibodies to otherwise innocuous antigens, such as those contained in certain foods and medicines. Why would such a highly "maladaptive" immune response develop in evolution and be retained to the present day? Host defense against parasites has long been considered the only beneficial function that might be conferred by IgE and mast cells. However, recent studies have provided evidence that, in addition to participating in host resistance to certain parasites, mast cells and IgE are critical components of innate (mast cells) and adaptive (mast cells and IgE) immune responses that can enhance host defense against the toxicity of certain arthropod and animal venoms, including enhancing the survival of mice injected with such venoms. Yet, in some people, developing IgE antibodies to insect or snake venoms puts them at risk for having a potentially fatal anaphylactic reaction upon subsequent exposure to such venoms. Delineating the mechanisms underlying beneficial versus detrimental innate and adaptive immune responses associated with mast cell activation and IgE is likely to enhance our ability to identify potential therapeutic targets in such settings, not only for reducing the pathology associated with allergic disorders but perhaps also for enhancing immune protection against pathogens and animal venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
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203
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Regulatory roles of mast cells in immune responses. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:623-9. [PMID: 27154294 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are important immune cells for host defense through activation of innate immunity (via toll-like receptors or complement receptors) and acquired immunity (via FcεRI). Conversely, mast cells also act as effector cells that exacerbate development of allergic or autoimmune disorders. Yet, several lines of evidence show that mast cells act as regulatory cells to suppress certain inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms by which mast cells suppress diseases.
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204
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Tsai SH, Takeda K. Regulation of allergic inflammation by the ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) on basophils and mast cells. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:571-9. [PMID: 27130555 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is released from dying or damaged cells, as well as from activated cells. Once secreted, extracellular ATP induces several immune responses via P2X and P2Y receptors. Basophils and mast cells release ATP upon FcεRI-crosslinking, and ATP activates basophils and mast cells in an autocrine manner. Nucleotide-converting ectoenzymes, such as E-NTPD1, E-NTPD7, and E-NPP3, inhibit ATP-dependent immune responses by hydrolyzing ATP, thereby contributing to immune response regulation. E-NPP3 is a well-known activation marker for human basophils. E-NPP3's physiologic function has recently been disclosed in mice. E-NPP3 is rapidly induced on basophils and mast cells after FcεRI-crosslinking and hydrolyzes extracellular ATP on cell surfaces to prevent ATP-dependent excess activation of basophils and mast cells. In the absence of E-NPP3, basophils and mast cells are overactivated and mice suffer from severe chronic allergic inflammation. Thus, the ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzymes E-NPP3 has a nonnegligible role in the regulation of basophil- and mast cell-mediated allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Han Tsai
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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205
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Huang H, Li Y, Liu B. Transcriptional regulation of mast cell and basophil lineage commitment. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:539-48. [PMID: 27126100 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells have long been known to play critical roles in allergic disease and in immunity against parasitic infection. Accumulated evidence also supports that basophils and mast cells have important roles in immune regulations, host defense against bacteria and viruses, and autoimmune diseases. However, origin and molecular regulation of basophil and mast cell differentiation remain incompletely understood. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of origin and molecular regulation of mouse and human basophil and mast cell development. A more complete understanding of how basophils and mast cells develop at the molecular level will lead to development of interventions that are more effective in achieving long-term success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
| | - Yapeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
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206
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Eberle JU, Voehringer D. Role of basophils in protective immunity to parasitic infections. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:605-13. [PMID: 27116557 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Basophils have been recognized as important players for protective immunity against a variety of different endo- and ectoparasites. Although basophils represent a relatively rare and short-lived cell type, they produce large quantities of effector molecules including histamine, cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators which promote type 2 immune responses. Basophils can be activated either directly by parasite-derived factors or indirectly by recognition of parasite-derived antigens via IgE bound to its high-affinity receptor FcεRI on the cell surface. Many parasitic infections cause expansion and tissue recruitment of basophils, but the role of basophils for protective immunity remains poorly understood. The development of basophil-deficient mouse models over the past few years makes it possible to study their contributions in various infections. We review here the current knowledge regarding the role of basophils for protective or immunomodulatory functions of basophils mainly during infections of mice with protozoan parasites, helminths, and ectoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg U Eberle
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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207
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Park SH, Hong S. iNKT Cells Are Responsible for the Apoptotic Reduction of Basophils That Mediate Th2 Immune Responses Elicited by Papain in Mice Following γPGA Stimulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152189. [PMID: 27049954 PMCID: PMC4822947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis-derived poly-gamma glutamic acid (γPGA) treatment suppresses the development of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Although basophils, an innate immune cell, are known to play critical roles in allergic immune responses and repeated long-term administration of γPGA results in decreased splenic basophils in an AD murine model, the underlying mechanisms by which γPGA regulates basophil frequency remain unclear. To investigate how γPGA modulates basophils, we employed basophil-mediated Th2 induction in vivo model elicited by the allergen papain protease. Repeated injection of γPGA reduced the abundance of basophils and their production of IL4 in mice, consistent with our previous study using NC/Nga AD model mice. The depletion of basophils by a single injection of γPGA was dependent on the TLR4/DC/IL12 axis. CD1d-dependent Vα14 TCR invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are known to regulate a variety of immune responses, such as allergy. Because iNKT cell activation is highly sensitive to IL12 produced by DCs, we evaluated whether the effect of γPGA on basophils is mediated by iNKT cell activation. We found that in vivo γPGA treatment did not induce the reduction of basophils in iNKT cell-deficient CD1d KO mice, suggesting the critical role of iNKT cells in γPGA-mediated basophil depletion at the early time points. Furthermore, increased apoptotic basophil reduction triggered by iNKT cells upon γPGA stimulation was mainly attributed to Th1 cytokines such as IFNγ and TNFα, consequently resulting in inhibition of papain-induced Th2 differentiation via diminishing basophil-derived IL4. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that γPGA-induced iNKT cell polarization toward the Th1 phenotype induces apoptotic basophil depletion, leading to the suppression of Th2 immune responses. Thus, elucidation of the crosstalk between innate immune cells will contribute to the design and development of new therapeutics for Th2-mediated immune diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, 143–747, Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, 143–747, Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136–701, Korea
| | - Se-Ho Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136–701, Korea
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, 143–747, Korea
- * E-mail:
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208
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Sasaki H, Kurotaki D, Tamura T. Regulation of basophil and mast cell development by transcription factors. Allergol Int 2016; 65:127-134. [PMID: 26972050 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells play important roles in host defense against parasitic infections and allergic responses. Several progenitor populations, either shared or specific, for basophils and/or mast cells have been identified, thus elucidating the developmental pathways of these cells. Multiple transcription factors essential for their development and the relationships between them have been also revealed. For example, IRF8 induces GATA2 expression to promote the generation of both basophils and mast cells. The STAT5-GATA2 axis induces C/EBPα and MITF expression, facilitating the differentiation into basophils and mast cells, respectively. In addition, C/EBPα and MITF mutually suppress each other's expression. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of how transcription factors regulate the development of basophils and mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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209
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Beceiro C, Campos J, Valcarcel MA, Fenger RV, Lojo S, Linneberg A, Vidal C, Gonzalez-Quintela A. Serum concentrations of mast cell tryptase are reduced in heavy drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 39:672-8. [PMID: 25833028 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baseline serum tryptase concentrations are commonly used in clinical practice as a marker of the body's mast cell burden. This study aimed to investigate serum tryptase concentrations in heavy drinkers. METHODS Serum tryptase concentrations were determined in 126 heavy drinkers (75% males, median age 47 years) who were admitted to the hospital because of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (n = 60), general symptoms with abnormalities on biochemical tests that indicated acute liver disease (n = 19), complications of advanced liver disease (n = 33), and miscellaneous reasons (n = 14). Results were compared with those of 70 healthy controls (66% males, median age 40 years). RESULTS Serum tryptase concentrations were lower in heavy drinkers than in healthy controls (median 2.23 μg/l vs. median 3.25 μg/l, p < 0.001). Ten heavy drinkers (7.9%) had undetectable (<1 μg/l) serum tryptase levels versus none of the healthy controls (p = 0.01). The association of low tryptase levels with heavy drinking was independent of age, gender, and smoking status. Among heavy drinkers, the lowest tryptase concentrations were observed in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome and patients with general symptoms with abnormalities on biochemical tests that indicated acute liver disease. Furthermore, serum tryptase concentrations were negatively correlated with markers of acute liver damage or alcohol consumption (serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase). Atopy (skin prick test positivity) was not associated with serum tryptase concentrations in heavy drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Serum concentrations of mast cell tryptase are lower in heavy drinkers than in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Beceiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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210
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Parenti A, De Logu F, Geppetti P, Benemei S. What is the evidence for the role of TRP channels in inflammatory and immune cells? Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:953-69. [PMID: 26603538 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex network of many interacting mechanisms orchestrates immune and inflammatory responses. Among these, the cation channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family expressed by resident tissue cells, inflammatory and immune cells and distinct subsets of primary sensory neurons, have emerged as a novel and interrelated system to detect and respond to harmful agents. TRP channels, by means of their direct effect on the intracellular levels of cations and/or through the indirect modulation of a large series of intracellular pathways, orchestrate a range of cellular processes, such as cytokine production, cell differentiation and cytotoxicity. The contribution of TRP channels to the transition of inflammation and immune responses from a defensive early response to a chronic and pathological condition is also emerging as a possible underlying mechanism in various diseases. This review discusses the roles of TRP channels in inflammatory and immune cell function and provides an overview of the effects of inflammatory and immune TRP channels on the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parenti
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F De Logu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - P Geppetti
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Benemei
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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211
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Han NR, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Tryptanthrin reduces mast cell proliferation promoted by TSLP through modulation of MDM2 and p53. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 79:71-7. [PMID: 27044814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) results from complex interactions between mast cells and inflammatory mediators. An inflammatory mediator, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is known to promote mast cell proliferation through up-regulation of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2, a negative regulator of p53) and aggravate AD. In this study, we investigated whether tryptanthrin (TR, an anti-inflammatory agent) would regulate TSLP-induced mast cell proliferation and TSLP-induced a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production from mast cells. METHODS Human mast cell line (HMC-1) cells were treated with TR and stimulated with TSLP. Proliferation was measured with a bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay. And pro- and anti-apoptotic factors were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. The mRNA expression and production of TNF-α were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS TR significantly inhibited the proliferation of HMC-1 cells promoted by TSLP. TR inhibited MDM2 expression, whereas TR increased the expression of p53, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and caspase-3 in the TSLP-stimulated HMC-1 cells. TR significantly inhibited Ki67 mRNA expression as well as mRNA expression and production of interleukin (IL)-13 in the TSLP-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Moreover, TR significantly suppressed mRNA expression and production of TNF-α in the TSLP-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Finally, the mRNA expression of IL-7 receptor α chain and TSLP receptor was inhibited by TR in the TSLP-stimulated HMC-1 cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TR determined with new concept has intensive potential for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Technology and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79 beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea.
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212
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Abstract
Over the last 10 years, a great boost of knowledge accumulated on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of endocannabinoids (eCBs). In this scenario, these bioactive lipids, which are produced by most immune cells along with a set of receptors and enzymes that regulate their synthesis and degradation, act as secondary modulators and increase or decrease a plethora of immune functions. In this review, the manifold immunomodulatory effects of the main eCBs in different compartments of innate and adaptive immunity will be discussed, suggesting that they could be considered as master regulators of innate-adaptive immune axis and as potent immunoresolvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- School of Medicine and Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC), I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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213
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Hosseini A, Hirota JA, Hackett TL, McNagny KM, Wilson SJ, Carlsten C. Morphometric analysis of inflammation in bronchial biopsies following exposure to inhaled diesel exhaust and allergen challenge in atopic subjects. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:2. [PMID: 26758251 PMCID: PMC4711081 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergen exposure and air pollution are two risk factors for asthma development and airway inflammation that have been examined extensively in isolation. The impact of combined allergen and diesel exhaust exposure has received considerably less attention. Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution, which can act as an adjuvant to immune responses and augment allergic inflammation. We aimed to clarify whether DE increases allergen-induced inflammation and cellular immune response in the airways of atopic human subjects. Methods Twelve atopic subjects were exposed to DE 300 μg.m−3 or filtered air for 2 h in a blinded crossover study design with a four-week washout period between arms. One hour following either filtered air or DE exposure, subjects were exposed to allergen or saline (vehicle control) via segmental challenge. Forty-eight hours post-allergen or control exposure, bronchial biopsies were collected. The study design generated 4 different conditions: filtered air + saline (FAS), DE + saline (DES), filtered air + allergen (FAA) and DE + allergen (DEA). Biopsies sections were immunostained for tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), neutrophil elastase (NE), CD138, CD4 and interleukin (IL)-4. The percent positivity of positive cells were quantified in the bronchial submucosa. Results The percent positivity for tryptase expression and ECP expression remained unchanged in the bronchial submucosa in all conditions. CD4 % positive staining in DEA (0.311 ± 0.060) was elevated relative to FAS (0.087 ± 0.018; p = 0.035). IL-4 % positive staining in DEA (0.548 ± 0.143) was elevated relative to FAS (0.127 ± 0.062; p = 0.034). CD138 % positive staining in DEA (0.120 ± 0.031) was elevated relative to FAS (0.017 ± 0.006; p = 0.015), DES (0.044 ± 0.024; p = 0.040), and FAA (0.044 ± 0.008; p = 0.037). CD138 % positive staining in FAA (0.044 ± 0.008) was elevated relative to FAS (0.017 ± 0.006; p = 0.049). NE percent positive staining in DEA (0.224 ± 0.047) was elevated relative to FAS (0.045 ± 0.014; p = 0.031). Conclusions In vivo allergen and DE co-exposure results in elevated CD4, IL-4, CD138 and NE in the respiratory submucosa of atopic subjects, while eosinophils and mast cells are not changed. Trial registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01792232. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0114-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,The Lung Center, Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) - Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,The Lung Center, Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) - Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Susan J Wilson
- Histochemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, S016 6YD, UK.
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,The Lung Center, Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) - Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Galli SJ, Starkl P, Marichal T, Tsai M. Mast cells and IgE in defense against venoms: Possible "good side" of allergy? Allergol Int 2016; 65:3-15. [PMID: 26666482 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physicians think of mast cells and IgE primarily in the context of allergic disorders, including fatal anaphylaxis. This 'bad side' of mast cells and IgE is so well accepted that it can be difficult to think of them in other contexts, particularly those in which they may have beneficial functions. However, there is evidence that mast cells and IgE, as well as basophils (circulating granulocytes whose functions partially overlap with those of mast cells), can contribute to host defense as components of adaptive type 2 immune responses to helminths, ticks and certain other parasites. Accordingly, allergies often are conceptualized as "misdirected" type 2 immune responses, in which IgE antibodies are produced against any of a diverse group of apparently harmless antigens, as well as against components of animal venoms. Indeed, certain unfortunate patients who have become sensitized to venoms develop severe IgE-associated allergic reactions, including fatal anaphylaxis, upon subsequent venom exposure. In this review, we will describe evidence that mast cells can enhance innate resistance to reptile or arthropod venoms during a first exposure to such venoms. We also will discuss findings indicating that, in mice which survive an initial encounter with venom, acquired type 2 immune responses, IgE antibodies, the high affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI), and mast cells can contribute to acquired resistance to the lethal effects of both honeybee venom and Russell's viper venom. These findings support the hypothesis that mast cells and IgE can help protect the host against venoms and perhaps other noxious substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology and the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine 1, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Marichal
- GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology and the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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215
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Mastzellen und Basophile. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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216
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Johnzon CF, Rönnberg E, Pejler G. The Role of Mast Cells in Bacterial Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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217
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Abstract
Granulocytes are central players of the immune system and, once activated, a tightly controlled balance between effector functions and cell removal by apoptosis guarantees maximal host benefit with least possible collateral damage to healthy tissue.Granulocytes are terminally differentiated cells that cannot be maintained in culture for prolonged times. Isolating primary granulocytes is inefficient and challenging when working with mice, and especially so for the lowly abundant eosinophil and basophil subtypes. Here we describe an in vitro protocol to massively expand mouse derived myeloid progenitors and to differentiate them "on demand" and in large numbers into mature neutrophils or basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Reinhart
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Wicki
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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218
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Wedman P, Aladhami A, Beste M, Edwards MK, Chumanevich A, Fuseler JW, Oskeritzian CA. A New Image Analysis Method Based on Morphometric and Fractal Parameters for Rapid Evaluation of In Situ Mammalian Mast Cell Status. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:1573-1581. [PMID: 26492872 PMCID: PMC10127439 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Apart from their effector functions in allergic disorders, tissue-resident mast cells (MC) are gaining recognition as initiators of inflammatory events through their distinctive ability to secrete many bioactive molecules harbored in cytoplasmic granules. Activation triggers mediator release through a regulated exocytosis named degranulation. MC activation is still substantiated by measuring systemic levels of MC-restricted mediators. However, identifying the anatomical location of MC activation is valuable for disease diagnosis. We designed a computer-assisted morphometric method based on image analysis of methylene blue (MB)-stained normal mouse skin tissue sections that quantitates actual in situ MC activation status. We reasoned MC cytoplasm could be viewed as an object featuring unique relative mass values based on activation status. Integrated optical density and area (A) ratios were significantly different between intact and degranulated MC (p<0.001). The examination of fractal characteristics is of translational diagnostic/prognostic value in cancer and readily applied to quantify cytoskeleton morphology and vasculature. Fractal dimension (D), a measure of their comparative space filling capacity and structural density, also differed significantly between intact and degranulated MC (p<0.001). Morphometric analysis provides a reliable and reproducible method for in situ quantification of MC activation status.
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219
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Geurts N, Vangansewinkel T, Lemmens S, Nelissen S, Geboes L, Schwartz C, Voehringer D, Hendrix S. Basophils are dispensable for the recovery of gross locomotion after spinal cord hemisection injury. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:579-82. [PMID: 26578647 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ab0815-370r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils are the smallest population of granulocytes found in the circulation. They have crucial and nonredundant roles in allergic disorders, in protection from parasite infections, in autoimmunity, and in the regulation of type 2 immunity. They share phenotypic and functional properties with mast cells, which exert substantial protective effects after traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, although they are considered one of the most proinflammatory cell types in the body. In contrast, the in vivo functions of basophils in central nervous system trauma are still obscure and not well studied. In this study, we show that by comparing spinal cord injury in wild type vs. basophil-deficient Mcpt8Cre transgenic mice, the locomotor recovery is not affected in mice depleted in basophils. In addition, no substantial differences were observed in the lesion size and in the astrocytic and macrophage/microglia reaction between both mouse strains. Hence, despite the multiple properties shared with mast cells, these data show, for the first time, to our knowledge, that basophils are dispensable for the functional recovery process after hemisection injury to the spinal cord in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Geurts
- Departments of *Morphology and Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Departments of *Morphology and Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lemmens
- Departments of *Morphology and Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sofie Nelissen
- Departments of *Morphology and Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lies Geboes
- Departments of *Morphology and Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Departments of *Morphology and Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Departments of *Morphology and Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Departments of *Morphology and Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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220
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Rivellese F, Suurmond J, Habets K, Dorjée AL, Ramamoorthi N, Townsend MJ, de Paulis A, Marone G, Huizinga TWJ, Pitzalis C, Toes REM. Ability of Interleukin-33- and Immune Complex-Triggered Activation of Human Mast Cells to Down-Regulate Monocyte-Mediated Immune Responses. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2343-53. [PMID: 25989191 DOI: 10.1002/art.39192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In particular, their activation by interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been linked to the development of arthritis in animal models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional responses of human mast cells to IL-33 in the context of RA. METHODS Human mast cells were stimulated with IL-33 combined with plate-bound IgG or IgG anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), and their effects on monocyte activation were evaluated. Cellular interactions of mast cells in RA synovium were assessed by immunofluorescence analysis, and the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for mast cell-specific genes was evaluated in synovial biopsy tissue from patients with early RA who were naive to treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. RESULTS IL-33 induced the up-regulation of Fcγ receptor type IIa and enhanced the activation of mast cells by IgG, including IgG ACPAs, as indicated by the production of CXCL8/IL-8. Intriguingly, mast cell activation triggered with IL-33 and IgG led to the release of mediators such as histamine and IL-10, which inhibited monocyte activation. Synovial mast cells were found in contact with CD14+ monocyte/macrophages. Finally, mRNA levels of mast cell-specific genes were inversely associated with disease severity, and IL-33 mRNA levels showed an inverse correlation with the levels of proinflammatory markers. CONCLUSION When human mast cells are activated by IL-33, an immunomodulatory phenotype develops, with human mast cells gaining the ability to suppress monocyte activation via the release of IL-10 and histamine. These findings, together with the presence of synovial mast cell-monocyte interactions and the inverse association between the expression of mast cell genes at the synovial level and disease activity, suggest that these newly described mast cell-mediated inhibitory pathways might have a functional relevance in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Rivellese
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy, and William Harvey Research Institute and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Kim Habets
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michael J Townsend
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Costantino Pitzalis
- William Harvey Research Institute and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - René E M Toes
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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221
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Dezfuli BS, Manera M, Giari L, DePasquale JA, Bosi G. Occurrence of immune cells in the intestinal wall of Squalius cephalus infected with Pomphorhynchus laevis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:556-564. [PMID: 26434712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A sub-population of 34 specimens of chub, Squalius cephalus, was sampled from the River Brenta (Northern Italy) and examined for ecto- and endo-parasites. Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala) was the only enteric helminth encountered. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies were conducted on the intestines of chub. Near the site of parasite's attachment, mucous cells, mast cells (MCs), neutrophils and rodlet cells (RCs) were found to co-occur within the intestinal epithelium. The numbers of mucous cells, MCs and neutrophils were significantly higher in infected fish (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). Dual immunofluorescence staining with the lectin Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin (DBA) and the macrophage-specific MAC387 monoclonal antibody, with parallel transmission electron microscopy, revealed that epithelial MCs often made intimate contact with the mucous cells. Degranulation of a large number of MCs around the site of the acanthocephalan's attachment and in proximity to mucous cells was also documented. MCs and neutrophils were abundant in the submucosa. Immune cells of the intestinal epithelium have been described at the ultrastructural level and their possible functions and interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram S Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Agro-Alimentary and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, St. Crispi 212, I-64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, St. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
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Abstract
The innate immune system is central for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and quickly responds to local or systemic perturbations by pathogenic or sterile insults. This rapid response must be metabolically supported to allow cell migration and proliferation and to enable efficient production of cytokines and lipid mediators. This Review focuses on the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in controlling and shaping the effector responses of innate immune cells. mTOR reconfigures cellular metabolism and regulates translation, cytokine responses, antigen presentation, macrophage polarization and cell migration. The mTOR network emerges as an integrative rheostat that couples cellular activation to the environmental and intracellular nutritional status to dictate and optimize the inflammatory response. A detailed understanding of how mTOR metabolically coordinates effector responses by myeloid cells will provide important insights into immunity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weichhart
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Linke
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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223
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Matsui T, Ito C, Masubuchi S, Itoigawa M. Licarin A is a candidate compound for the treatment of immediate hypersensitivity via inhibition of rat mast cell line RBL-2H3 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1723-32. [PMID: 26376734 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously demonstrated that some phenylpropanoids are capable of inhibiting activated mast cells. This study evaluated the anti-allergic effects of licarin A, a neolignan isolated from various plants, on antigen-stimulated rat mast cell line. METHODS The inhibitory effects of licarin A on histamine release, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) production, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) rat basophilic leukemia cells (DNP-HSA-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells), were investigated by spectrofluorometry, ELISA and immunoblotting. KEY FINDINGS Licarin A significantly and dose-dependently reduced TNF-α production (IC50 12.6 ± 0.3 μm) in DNP-HSA-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, the levels of PGD2 secretion in DNP-HSA-stimulated cells pretreated with licarin A were lower than those stimulated with DNP-HSA alone (positive control). Treatment with licarin A at 20 μm produced slight suppression of DNP-HSA-induced increases in COX-2 mRNA and protein levels. We identified several signalling pathways that mediated these pharmacological effects. Licarin A treatment tended to reduce phosphorylated protein kinase C alpha/beta II (PKCα/βII) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that licarin A reduces TNF-α and PGD2 secretion via the inhibition of PKCα/βII and p38 MAPK pathways; this compound may be useful for attenuating immediate hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsui
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Masubuchi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masataka Itoigawa
- School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Aichi, Japan
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Ma YL, Huang FJ, Cong L, Gong WC, Bai HM, Li J, Chen CX, Zhou NY, Jiang XL, Yin L, Chen XP. IL-4-Producing Dendritic Cells Induced during Schistosoma japonica Infection Promote Th2 Cells via IL-4-Dependent Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3769-80. [PMID: 26363056 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although dendritic cells (DCs) have been widely demonstrated to play essential roles in initiation of Th2 responses in helminth infections and allergic reactions, the mechanisms remain uncertain largely because DCs do not produce IL-4. In present investigation, we have uncovered a novel subset of DCs from mice infected with Th2-provoking pathogens Schistosoma japonica, which independently promoted Th2 cells via IL-4-dependent pathway. These DCs contained similar levels of IL-4 mRNA and higher levels of IL-12p40 mRNA comparing to basophils, correlating to their Th2-promoting and Th1-promoting dual polarization capacities. Characterized by expression of FcεRI(+), these DCs were induced independent of T cells. Further investigations revealed that Th2-promoting FcεRI(+) DCs were monocyte-derived inflammatory DCs, which were sufficient to induce Th2 cells in vivo. Egg Ags together with GM-CSF or IL-3 alone were able to stimulate the generation of Th2-promoting FcεRI(+) DCs from bone marrow cells in vitro. To our knowledge, our data for the first time demonstrate that IL-4-producing DCs are induced under some Th2-provoking situations, and they should play important roles in initiation of Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Ma
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng-Juan Huang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li Cong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Ci Gong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Mei Bai
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chun-Xia Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nian-Yu Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lan Yin
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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225
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Basile RC, Rivera GG, Del Rio LA, de Bonis TCM, do Amaral GPD, Giangrecco E, Ferraz G, Yoshinari NH, Canola PA, Queiroz Neto A. Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:197. [PMID: 26265349 PMCID: PMC4534110 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme borreliosis is a disease transmitted by ticks to mammals, especially in horses and humans. Caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, it can result in lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis and neurological signs. Anaphylactoid reactions are severe responses caused by direct action of substances (drugs, toxins), which can pose risks to life. Still poorly documented in horses, these reactions are caused by the effects of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, kinins and arachidonic acid metabolites. The last two are the most clinically relevant for the species. CASE PRESENTATION The simultaneous occurrence of anaphylactoid reaction in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi undergoing intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone sodium is reported. It was administered 4.7 × 10(8) spirochetes intradermal and subcutaneous applications in both horses to evaluate clinical aspects of the Lyme disease, 95 days before the application of sodium ceftriaxone. During the administration, one horse (a gelding) showed immediate and severe anaphylactoid symptoms such as urticaria, dyspnea, tachycardia, and eyelid edema, which were controlled by injecting dexamethasone. After 1 day, it expressed signs of abdominal discomfort, caused by severe bloat, which was treated surgically via celiotomy. Subsequently, this gelding had piroplasmosis and severe anemia, requiring treatment with an antimicrobial and blood transfusion. Second horse (a mare) showed signs of hypotension during the application of the antibiotic, which disappeared only when the application was interrupted. Days after the event, the mare developed moderate large colon bloat, which was treated with medication only. Subsequently the mare was evolved into the prodromal phase of laminitis in one of the forelimbs, which was treated for 10 days with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and rheology modifying drugs and cryotherapy. CONCLUSIONS From the two cases presented here, it does appear that sodium ceftriaxone can induce anaphylactoid reactions in horses infected by Borrelia burgdorferi, which may evolve into colic syndrome, laminitis and the occurrence of opportunistic infections. However, further evidence should be collected in order to draw definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Carvalho Basile
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Lara Antoniassi Del Rio
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Talissa Camargo Mantovani de Bonis
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Paiva Domingues do Amaral
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Edson Giangrecco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Ferraz
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Natalino Hajime Yoshinari
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo FMUSP, Departamento de Reumatologia, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Antonio Queiroz Neto
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Gendrin C, Vornhagen J, Ngo L, Whidbey C, Boldenow E, Santana-Ufret V, Clauson M, Burnside K, Galloway DP, Adams Waldorf KM, Piliponsky AM, Rajagopal L. Mast cell degranulation by a hemolytic lipid toxin decreases GBS colonization and infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1400225. [PMID: 26425734 PMCID: PMC4584422 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ascending infection of microbes from the lower genital tract into the amniotic cavity increases the risk of preterm birth, stillbirth, and newborn infections. Host defenses that are critical for preventing ascending microbial infection are not completely understood. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) are Gram-positive bacteria that frequently colonize the lower genital tract of healthy women but cause severe infections during pregnancy, leading to preterm birth, stillbirth, or early-onset newborn infections. We recently described that the GBS pigment is hemolytic, and increased pigment expression promotes GBS penetration of human placenta. Here, we show that the GBS hemolytic pigment/lipid toxin and hyperpigmented GBS strains induce mast cell degranulation, leading to the release of preformed and proinflammatory mediators. Mast cell-deficient mice exhibit enhanced bacterial burden, decreased neutrophil mobilization, and decreased immune responses during systemic GBS infection. In a vaginal colonization model, hyperpigmented GBS strains showed increased persistence in mast cell-deficient mice compared to mast cell-proficient mice. Consistent with these observations, fewer rectovaginal GBS isolates from women in their third trimester of pregnancy were hyperpigmented/hyperhemolytic. Our work represents the first example of a bacterial hemolytic lipid that induces mast cell degranulation and emphasizes the role of mast cells in limiting genital colonization by hyperpigmented GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gendrin
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Ngo
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Christopher Whidbey
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Morgan Clauson
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kellie Burnside
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Dionne P. Galloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Adrian M. Piliponsky
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Hermann FJ, Rodriguez Gomez M, Doser K, Edinger M, Hoffmann P, Schiechl G, Talke Y, Göbel N, Schmidbauer K, Syed SN, Brühl H, Mack M. Basophils inhibit proliferation of CD4⁺ T cells in autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions and limit disease activity in a murine model of graft versus host disease. Immunology 2015; 145:202-12. [PMID: 25545131 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils are known to modulate the phenotype of CD4(+) T cells and to enhance T helper type 2 responses in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that murine basophils inhibit proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. The inhibition is independent of Fas and MHC class II, but dependent on activation of basophils with subsequent release of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6. The inhibitory effect of basophils on T-cell proliferation can be blocked with antibodies against IL-4 and IL-6 and is absent in IL-4/IL-6 double-deficient mice. In addition, we show that basophils and IL-4 have beneficial effects on disease activity in a murine model of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). When basophils were depleted with the antibody MAR-1 before induction of GvHD, weight loss, GvHD score, mortality and plasma tumour necrosis factor levels were increased while injection of IL-4 improved GvHD. Basophil-depleted mice with GvHD also have increased numbers of CD4(+) T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Our data show for the first time that basophils suppress autologous and allogeneic CD4(+) T-cell proliferation in an IL-4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian J Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Förster A, Grotha SP, Seeger JM, Rabenhorst A, Gehring M, Raap U, Létard S, Dubreuil P, Kashkar H, Walczak H, Roers A, Hartmann K. Activation of KIT modulates the function of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) in mast cells. Allergy 2015; 70:764-74. [PMID: 25833810 DOI: 10.1111/all.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastocytosis is characterized by the accumulation of mast cells (MCs) associated with activating mutations of KIT. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors (TRAIL-Rs) are preferentially expressed on neoplastic cells and induce the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Recent studies reported on the expression of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cultured human MCs, which depend on stem cell factor (SCF)-induced or constitutive KIT activation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We sought to further define the impact of TRAIL-Rs on MCs in vivo and in vitro. Using Cre/loxP recombination, we generated mice with MC-specific and ubiquitous knockout of TRAIL-R. In these mice, anaphylaxis and numbers of MCs were investigated. We also explored the expression and function of TRAIL-Rs in cultured murine and human MCs upon activation of KIT. By conducting immunofluorescence staining, we analyzed the expression of TRAIL-Rs in MCs infiltrating the bone marrow of patients with mastocytosis. RESULTS MC-specific deletion of TRAIL-R was associated with a slight, but significant increase in anaphylaxis. Numbers of MCs in MC-specific knockouts of TRAIL-R were comparable to controls. Whereas cultured IL-3-dependent murine MCs from wild-type mice were resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, SCF-stimulated MCs underwent apoptosis in response to TRAIL. Interestingly, activating KIT mutations also promoted sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human MCs. In line with these findings, MCs infiltrating the bone marrow of patients with mastocytosis expressed TRAIL-R1. CONCLUSIONS Activation of KIT regulates the function of TRAIL-Rs in MCs. TRAIL-R1 may represent an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target in diseases associated with KIT mutations, such as mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Förster
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - S. P. Grotha
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - J. M. Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - A. Rabenhorst
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Gehring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - U. Raap
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - S. Létard
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, (Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Mechanism of Oncogenesis); Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - P. Dubreuil
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, (Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Mechanism of Oncogenesis); Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - H. Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - H. Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI); UCL Cancer Institute; University College London; London UK
| | - A. Roers
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Institute for Immunology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - K. Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Wawrzyniak M, Pich C, Gross B, Schütz F, Fleury S, Quemener S, Sgandurra M, Bouchaert E, Moret C, Mury L, Rommens C, Mottaz H, Dombrowicz D, Michalik L. Endothelial, but not smooth muscle, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ regulates vascular permeability and anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1625-35.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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231
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Tsai SH, Kinoshita M, Kusu T, Kayama H, Okumura R, Ikeda K, Shimada Y, Takeda A, Yoshikawa S, Obata-Ninomiya K, Kurashima Y, Sato S, Umemoto E, Kiyono H, Karasuyama H, Takeda K. The ectoenzyme E-NPP3 negatively regulates ATP-dependent chronic allergic responses by basophils and mast cells. Immunity 2015; 42:279-293. [PMID: 25692702 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinking of the immunoglobulin receptor FcεRI activates basophils and mast cells to induce immediate and chronic allergic inflammation. However, it remains unclear how the chronic allergic inflammation is regulated. Here, we showed that ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 3 (E-NPP3), also known as CD203c, rapidly induced by FcεRI crosslinking, negatively regulated chronic allergic inflammation. Basophil and mast cell numbers increased in Enpp3(-/-) mice with augmented serum ATP concentrations. Enpp3(-/-) mice were highly sensitive to chronic allergic pathologies, which was reduced by ATP blockade. FcεRI crosslinking induced ATP secretion from basophils and mast cells, and ATP activated both cells. ATP clearance was impaired in Enpp3(-/-) cells. Enpp3(-/-)P2rx7(-/-) mice showed decreased responses to FcεRI crosslinking. Thus, ATP released by FcεRI crosslinking stimulates basophils and mast cells for further activation causing allergic inflammation. E-NPP3 decreases ATP concentration and suppresses basophil and mast cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Han Tsai
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusu
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kayo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimada
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akira Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazushige Obata-Ninomiya
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Vasquez Velasquez C, Roman AD, Lan NTP, Huy NT, Mercado ES, Espino FE, Perez MLM, Huong VTQ, Thuy TT, Tham VD, Nga CTP, Ha TTN, Bilar JM, Bajaro JDP, Baello BQ, Kikuchi M, Yasunami M, Morita K, Watanabe N, Karbwang J, Hirayama K. Alpha tryptase allele of Tryptase 1 (TPSAB1) gene associated with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in Vietnam and Philippines. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:318-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Tumor epithelial cells develop within a microenvironment consisting of extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines produced by nonepithelial stromal cells. In response to paracrine signals from tumor epithelia, stromal cells modify the microenvironment to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we identify interleukin 33 (IL-33) as a regulator of tumor stromal cell activation and mediator of intestinal polyposis. In human colorectal cancer, IL-33 expression was induced in the tumor epithelium of adenomas and carcinomas, and expression of the IL-33 receptor, IL1RL1 (also referred to as IL1-R4 or ST2), localized predominantly to the stroma of adenoma and both the stroma and epithelium of carcinoma. Genetic and antibody abrogation of responsiveness to IL-33 in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed angiogenesis in adenomatous polyps, which reduced both tumor number and size. Similar to human adenomas, IL-33 expression localized to tumor epithelial cells and expression of IL1RL1 associated with two stromal cell types, subepithelial myofibroblasts and mast cells, in Apc(Min/+) polyps. In vitro, IL-33 stimulation of human subepithelial myofibroblasts induced the expression of extracellular matrix components and growth factors associated with intestinal tumor progression. IL-33 deficiency reduced mast cell accumulation in Apc(Min/+) polyps and suppressed the expression of mast cell-derived proteases and cytokines known to promote polyposis. Based on these findings, we propose that IL-33 derived from the tumor epithelium promotes polyposis through the coordinated activation of stromal cells and the formation of a protumorigenic microenvironment.
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234
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Lee JH, Kim TH, Kim HS, Kim AR, Kim DK, Nam ST, Kim HW, Park YH, Her E, Park YM, Kim HS, Kim YM, Choi WS. An indoxyl compound 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 1,3-diacetate, CAC-0982, suppresses activation of Fyn kinase in mast cells and IgE-mediated allergic responses in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:179-86. [PMID: 25902337 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells, constituents of virtually all organs and tissues, are critical cells in IgE-mediated allergic responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of an indoxyl chromogenic compound, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 1,3-diacetate, CAC-0982, on IgE-mediated mast cell activation and allergic responses in mice. CAC-0982 reversibly suppressed antigen-stimulated degranulation in murine mast cells (IC50, ~3.8μM) and human mast cells (IC50, ~3.0μM). CAC-0982 also inhibited the expression and secretion of IL-4 and TNF-α in mast cells. Furthermore, CAC-0982 suppressed the mast cell-mediated allergic responses in mice in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 27.9mg/kg). As for the mechanism, CAC-0982 largely suppressed the phosphorylation of Syk and its downstream signaling molecules, including LAT, Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and JNK. Notably, the tyrosine kinase assay of antigen-stimulated mast cells showed that CAC-0982 inhibited Fyn kinase, one of the upstream tyrosine kinases for Syk activation in mast cells. Taken together, these results suggest that CAC-0982 may be used as a new treatment for regulating IgE-mediated allergic diseases through the inhibition of the Fyn/Syk pathway in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ram Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seung Taek Nam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Erk Her
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea.
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235
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Varga A, Gyulavári P, Greff Z, Futosi K, Németh T, Simon-Szabó L, Kerekes K, Szántai-Kis C, Brauswetter D, Kokas M, Borbély G, Erdei A, Mócsai A, Kéri G, Vántus T. Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and protein kinase D1 related pathways by a multiple kinase inhibitor in angiogenesis and inflammation related processes in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124234. [PMID: 25874616 PMCID: PMC4396990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and protein kinase D1 (PKD1) signaling axis plays a critical role in normal and pathological angiogenesis and inflammation related processes. Despite all efforts, the currently available therapeutic interventions are limited. Prior studies have also proved that a multiple target inhibitor can be more efficient compared to a single target one. Therefore, development of novel inflammatory pathway-specific inhibitors would be of great value. To test this possibility, we screened our molecular library using recombinant kinase assays and identified the previously described compound VCC251801 with strong inhibitory effect on both VEGFR2 and PKD1. We further analyzed the effect of VCC251801 in the endothelium-derived EA.hy926 cell line and in different inflammatory cell types. In EA.hy926 cells, VCC251801 potently inhibited the intracellular activation and signaling of VEGFR2 and PKD1 which inhibition eventually resulted in diminished cell proliferation. In this model, our compound was also an efficient inhibitor of in vitro angiogenesis by interfering with endothelial cell migration and tube formation processes. Our results from functional assays in inflammatory cellular models such as neutrophils and mast cells suggested an anti-inflammatory effect of VCC251801. The neutrophil study showed that VCC251801 specifically blocked the immobilized immune-complex and the adhesion dependent TNF-α -fibrinogen stimulated neutrophil activation. Furthermore, similar results were found in mast cell degranulation assay where VCC251801 caused significant reduction of mast cell response. In summary, we described a novel function of a multiple kinase inhibitor which strongly inhibits the VEGFR2-PKD1 signaling and might be a novel inhibitor of pathological inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Varga
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kerekes
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Diána Brauswetter
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Kokas
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Borbély
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kéri
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vántus
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Kim JH, Kim AR, Kim HS, Kim HW, Park YH, You JS, Park YM, Her E, Kim HS, Kim YM, Choi WS. Rhamnus davurica leaf extract inhibits Fyn activation by antigen in mast cells for anti-allergic activity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:80. [PMID: 25887889 PMCID: PMC4379541 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative herbal medicines are recently considered as a promising approach for treating various diseases. We screened approximately 100 plant extracts for anti-allergic activity. Rhamnus davurica leaf extract showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the activation of RBL-2H3 mast cells. Although Rhamnus davurica extract has been used to treat pruritus, dysuresia, and constipation as a traditional herbal medicine in some Asian countries, an anti-allergic effect of Rhamnus davurica has not yet been demonstrated. We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of the leaf extract of Rhamnus davurica (LERD) on mast cells in vitro and allergic responses in vivo. METHODS The effects of LERD on the activation of mast cells and mast cell-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) were measured in mice and two types of mast cells, mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and RBL-2H3 cells in vitro. A mechanistic study of its inhibitory effect was performed by using degranulation assay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting analysis. RESULTS LERD reversibly suppressed antigen-stimulated degranulation in BMMCs and RBL-2H3 cells, and also inhibited mRNA expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner. In a PCA animal model, LERD significantly inhibited antigen-induced allergic response and degranulation of ear tissue mast cells. As for the mechanism of action, LERD inhibited the activation of Syk, which is the pivotal signaling protein for mast cell activation by antigen. Furthermore, LERD also impeded the activations of well-known downstream proteins such as LAT, Akt and three MAP kinases (Erk, p38 and JNK). In an in vitro kinase assay, LERD suppressed the activation of Fyn in antigen-stimulated mast cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that LERD has anti-allergic effects through inhibiting the Fyn/Syk pathway in mast cells. Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence for LERD to be used as an herbal medicine or health food for patients with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyung Kim
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - A-Ram Kim
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Young Hwan Park
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Jueng Soo You
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Yeong Min Park
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Erk Her
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea.
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Korea.
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- KU open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
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Li Y, Qi X, Liu B, Huang H. The STAT5-GATA2 pathway is critical in basophil and mast cell differentiation and maintenance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4328-38. [PMID: 25801432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) plays critical roles in hematopoietic stem cell survival and proliferation, granulocyte-monocyte progenitor differentiation, and basophil and mast cell differentiation. However, precise roles of GATA2 in basophil and mast cell differentiation and maintenance have not been delineated. We have identified GATA2 as an essential transcription factor in differentiation of newly identified common basophil and mast cell progenitors into basophils and mast cells. We observed Gata2 haploinsufficiency for mast cell differentiation, but not for basophil differentiation. We examined the precise role of GATA2 in maintaining the expression of a wide range of genes that are important for performing basophil or mast cell functions. The effects of GATA2 on gene expression were broadly based. We demonstrated that GATA2 was required for maintaining Fcer1a mRNA and FcεRIα protein expression on both basophils and mast cells, as well as for maintaining Kit mRNA and c-Kit protein expression on mast cells. GATA2 was required for histamine synthesis and was also critical for Il4 mRNA expression in basophils and Il13 mRNA expression in mast cells. We demonstrate a STAT5-GATA2 connection, showing that the STAT5 transcription factor directly bound to the promoter and an intronic region of the Gata2 gene. Overexpression of the Gata2 gene was sufficient to direct basophil and mast cell differentiation in the absence of the Stat5 gene. Our study reveals that the STAT5-GATA2 pathway is critical for basophil and mast cell differentiation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; and
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
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238
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Tsutsui-Takeuchi M, Ushio H, Fukuda M, Yamada T, Niyonsaba F, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S. Roles of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase as viral recognition receptors on human mast cells in response to viral infection. Immunol Res 2015; 61:240-9. [PMID: 25550087 PMCID: PMC4336646 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the anti-viral responses of human mast cells, we performed PCR array analysis of these cells after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). PCR array analysis revealed that human mast cells up-regulated several anti-viral genes, including melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I, and Toll-like receptor 3, together with type I interferons and chemokines, upon VSV infection. Additionally, we found that 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase, which also works as a virus recognition receptor by activating the latent form of RNase L, leading to viral RNA degradation, was up-regulated in human mast cells upon VSV infection. Moreover, small interfering RNA analysis to identify the receptors responsible for mast cell activation by VSV revealed that these receptors reciprocally cooperate to produce anti-viral cytokines and chemokines, inhibiting VSV replication. Our findings suggest that human mast cells produce cytokines and chemokines using several viral recognition receptors, leading to the inhibition of viral replication. These data provide novel information that improves our understanding of the roles of human mast cells in immune responses against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Tsutsui-Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hiroko Ushio
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Takahiko Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
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239
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Nunomura S, Ohtsubo-Yoshioka M, Okayama Y, Terui T, Ra C. FcRγpromotes contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone without affecting the contact sensitisation process in B6 mice. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:204-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nunomura
- Department of Dermatology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Allergy and Immunology Group; Research Institute of Medical Science; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- Allergy and Immunology Group; Research Institute of Medical Science; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tadashi Terui
- Department of Dermatology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Chisei Ra
- Allergy and Immunology Group; Research Institute of Medical Science; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Asahi Hospital; Chiba Japan
- Department of Microbiology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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240
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Chiurchiù V, Battistini L, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signalling in innate and adaptive immunity. Immunology 2015; 144:352-364. [PMID: 25585882 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system can be modulated and regulated not only by foreign antigens but also by other humoral factors and metabolic products, which are able to affect several quantitative and qualitative aspects of immunity. Among these, endocannabinoids are a group of bioactive lipids that might serve as secondary modulators, which when mobilized coincident with or shortly after first-line immune modulators, increase or decrease many immune functions. Most immune cells express these bioactive lipids, together with their set of receptors and of enzymes regulating their synthesis and degradation. In this review, a synopsis of the manifold immunomodulatory effects of endocannabinoids and their signalling in the different cell populations of innate and adaptive immunity is appointed, with a particular distinction between mice and human immune system compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- European Centre for Brain Research (CERC), I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- European Centre for Brain Research (CERC), I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Centre for Brain Research (CERC), I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Centre of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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241
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Cyclic AMP concentrations in dendritic cells induce and regulate Th2 immunity and allergic asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1529-34. [PMID: 25605931 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417972112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inductive role of dendritic cells (DC) in Th2 differentiation has not been fully defined. We addressed this gap in knowledge by focusing on signaling events mediated by the heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins Gαs, and Gαi, which respectively stimulate and inhibit the activation of adenylyl cyclases and the synthesis of cAMP. We show here that deletion of Gnas, the gene that encodes Gαs in mouse CD11c(+) cells (Gnas(ΔCD11c) mice), and the accompanying decrease in cAMP provoke Th2 polarization and yields a prominent allergic phenotype, whereas increases in cAMP inhibit these responses. The effects of cAMP on DC can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo and are mediated via PKA. Certain gene products made by Gnas(ΔCD11c) DC affect the Th2 bias. These findings imply that G protein-coupled receptors, the physiological regulators of Gαs and Gαi activation and cAMP formation, act via PKA to regulate Th bias in DC and in turn, Th2-mediated immunopathologies.
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242
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Vitte J. Human mast cell tryptase in biology and medicine. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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244
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Sharma M, Stephen-Victor E, Poncet P, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. Basophils are inept at promoting human Th17 responses. Hum Immunol 2014; 76:176-80. [PMID: 25526920 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Basophils are the rare granulocytes and play an important role in the polarization of Th2 responses and protection against helminth parasites. In addition, basophils contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as asthma, chronic allergy and lupus. Notably, Th17 cells are also implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases suggesting that basophils support the activation and expansion of this subset of CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, we explored whether basophils promote the expansion of human Th17 cells. We show that basophils lack the capacity to expand Th17 cells and to induce the secretion of Th17 cytokines either directly or indirectly via antigen presenting cells such as monocytes. As human basophils lack HLA-DR and co-stimulatory molecules, their inability to confer T cell receptor- and co-stimulatory molecule-mediated signals to CD4(+) T cells might explain the lack of Th17 responses when memory CD4(+) T cells were co-cultured with basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Sharma
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne F-60205, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris F-75006, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris F-75006, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Pascal Poncet
- Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, Biochemistry Department, "Allergy & Environment" Group, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris F-75006, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris F-75006, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France; International Associated Laboratory IMPACT (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France - Indian Council of Medical Research, India), National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris F-75006, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Paris F-75006, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France; International Associated Laboratory IMPACT (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France - Indian Council of Medical Research, India), National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai 400012, India.
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245
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Theoharides TC, Athanassiou M, Panagiotidou S, Doyle R. Dysregulated brain immunity and neurotrophin signaling in Rett syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 279:33-8. [PMID: 25669997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which occurs in about 1:15,000 females and presents with neurologic and communication defects. It is transmitted as an X-linked dominant linked to mutations of the methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP2), a gene transcription suppressor, but its definitive pathogenesis is unknown thus hindering development of effective treatments. Almost half of children with Rett syndrome also have behavioral symptoms consistent with those of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). PubMed was searched (2005-2014) using the terms: allergy, atopy, brain, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cytokines, gene mutations, inflammation, mast cells (MCs), microglia, mitochondria, neurotensin (NT), neurotrophins, seizures, stress, and treatment. There are a number of intriguing differences and similarities between Rett syndrome and ASDs. Rett syndrome occurs in females, while ASDs more often in males, and the former has neurologic disabilities unlike ASDs. There is evidence of dysregulated immune system early in life in both conditions. Lack of microglial phagocytosis and decreased levels of BDNF appear to distinguish Rett syndrome from ASDs, in which there is instead microglia activation and/or proliferation and possibly defective BDNF signaling. Moreover, brain mast cell (MC) activation and focal inflammation may be more prominent in ASDs than Rett syndrome. The flavonoid luteolin blocks microglia and MC activation, provides BDNF-like activity, reverses Rett phenotype in mouse models, and has a significant benefit in children with ASDs. Appropriate formulations of luteolin or other natural molecules may be useful in the treatment of Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA; Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marianna Athanassiou
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Smaro Panagiotidou
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Doyle
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
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246
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Cheng LE, Locksley RM. Allergic inflammation--innately homeostatic. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 7:a016352. [PMID: 25414367 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is associated closely with parasite infection but also asthma and other common allergic diseases. Despite the engagement of similar immunologic pathways, parasitized individuals often show no outward manifestations of allergic disease. In this perspective, we present the thesis that allergic inflammatory responses play a primary role in regulating circadian and environmental inputs involved with tissue homeostasis and metabolic needs. Parasites feed into these pathways and thus engage allergic inflammation to sustain aspects of the parasitic life cycle. In response to parasite infection, an adaptive and regulated immune response is layered on the host effector response, but in the setting of allergy, the effector response remains unregulated, thus leading to the cardinal features of disease. Further understanding of the homeostatic pressures driving allergic inflammation holds promise to further our understanding of human health and the treatment of these common afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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247
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Transcription factor IRF8 plays a critical role in the development of murine basophils and mast cells. Blood 2014; 125:358-69. [PMID: 25398936 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-557983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells play critical roles in host defense against pathogens and allergic disorders. However, the molecular mechanism by which these cells are generated is not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8), a transcription factor essential for the development of several myeloid lineages, also regulates basophil and mast cell development. Irf8(-/-) mice displayed a severe reduction in basophil counts, which was accounted for by the absence of pre-basophil and mast cell progenitors (pre-BMPs). Although Irf8(-/-) mice retained peripheral tissue mast cells, remaining progenitors from Irf8(-/-) mice including granulocyte progenitors (GPs) were unable to efficiently generate either basophils or mast cells, indicating that IRF8 also contributes to the development of mast cells. IRF8 appeared to function at the GP stage, because IRF8 was expressed in GPs, but not in basophils, mast cells, and basophil/mast cell-restricted progenitor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GATA2, a transcription factor known to promote basophil and mast cell differentiation, acts downstream of IRF8. These results shed light on the pathways and mechanism underlying the development of basophils and mast cells.
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248
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Moon TC, Befus AD, Kulka M. Mast cell mediators: their differential release and the secretory pathways involved. Front Immunol 2014; 5:569. [PMID: 25452755 PMCID: PMC4231949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are widely distributed throughout the body and are common at mucosal surfaces, a major host-environment interface. MC are functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous depending on the microenvironment in which they mature. Although MC have been classically viewed as effector cells of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, they are also recognized as important in host defense, innate and acquired immunity, homeostatic responses, and immunoregulation. MC activation can induce release of pre-formed mediators such as histamine from their granules, as well as release of de novo synthesized lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines that play diverse roles, not only in allergic reactions but also in numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. Indeed, MC release their mediators in a discriminating and chronological manner, depending upon the stimuli involved and their signaling cascades (e.g., IgE-mediated or Toll-like receptor-mediated). However, the precise mechanisms underlying differential mediator release in response to these stimuli are poorly known. This review summarizes our knowledge of MC mediators and will focus on what is known about the discriminatory release of these mediators dependent upon diverse stimuli, MC phenotypes, and species of origin, as well as on the intracellular synthesis, storage, and secretory processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Chul Moon
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A. Dean Befus
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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249
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Förster A, Blissenbach B, Machova A, Leja S, Rabenhorst A, Wilmschen S, Heger K, Schmidt-Supprian M, Roers A, Hartmann K, Papadopoulou N. Dicer is indispensable for the development of murine mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1077-1080.e4. [PMID: 25457155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Förster
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Blissenbach
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alzbeta Machova
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Silke Leja
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Rabenhorst
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Wilmschen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Heger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, University of Technology Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Papadopoulou
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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250
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Kimura Y, Chihara K, Honjoh C, Takeuchi K, Yamauchi S, Yoshiki H, Fujieda S, Sada K. Dectin-1-mediated signaling leads to characteristic gene expressions and cytokine secretion via spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in rat mast cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31565-75. [PMID: 25246527 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.581322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1 recognizes β-glucan and plays important roles for the antifungal immunity through the activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in dendritic cells or macrophages. Recently, expression of Dectin-1 was also identified in human and mouse mast cells, although its physiological roles were largely unknown. In this report, rat mast cell line RBL-2H3 was analyzed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Dectin-1-mediated activation and responses of mast cells. Treatment of cells with Dectin-1-specific agonist curdlan induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and the interaction of Dectin-1 with the Src homology 2 domain of Syk. These responses depended on tyrosine phosphorylation of the hemi-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif in the cytoplasmic tail of Dectin-1, whereas they were independent of the γ-subunit of high-affinity IgE receptor. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses showed that Dectin-1-mediated signaling stimulated gene expression of transcription factor Nfkbiz and inflammatory cytokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The response was abrogated by pretreatment with Syk inhibitor R406. These results suggest that Syk is critical for Dectin-1-mediated activation of mast cells, although the signaling differs from that triggered by FcϵRI activation. In addition, these gene expressions induced by curdlan stimulation were specifically observed in mast cells, suggesting that Dectin-1-mediated signaling of mast cells offers new insight into the antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Kimura
- From the Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and
| | - Kazuyasu Chihara
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Chisato Honjoh
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shota Yamauchi
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshiki
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- From the Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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