201
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Mersch D, Lee CY, Zhang JZ, Brinkert K, Fontecilla-Camps JC, Rutherford AW, Reisner E. Wiring of Photosystem II to Hydrogenase for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8541-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Mersch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Chong-Yong Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jenny Zhenqi Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Katharina Brinkert
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Juan C. Fontecilla-Camps
- Metalloproteins
Unit, Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Erwin Reisner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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202
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Mazor Y, Borovikova A, Nelson N. The structure of plant photosystem I super-complex at 2.8 Å resolution. eLife 2015; 4:e07433. [PMID: 26076232 PMCID: PMC4487076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most life forms on Earth are supported by solar energy harnessed by oxygenic photosynthesis. In eukaryotes, photosynthesis is achieved by large membrane-embedded super-complexes, containing reaction centers and connected antennae. Here, we report the structure of the higher plant PSI-LHCI super-complex determined at 2.8 Å resolution. The structure includes 16 subunits and more than 200 prosthetic groups, which are mostly light harvesting pigments. The complete structures of the four LhcA subunits of LHCI include 52 chlorophyll a and 9 chlorophyll b molecules, as well as 10 carotenoids and 4 lipids. The structure of PSI-LHCI includes detailed protein pigments and pigment-pigment interactions, essential for the mechanism of excitation energy transfer and its modulation in one of nature's most efficient photochemical machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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203
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Tietz S, Puthiyaveetil S, Enlow HM, Yarbrough R, Wood M, Semchonok DA, Lowry T, Li Z, Jahns P, Boekema EJ, Lenhert S, Niyogi KK, Kirchhoff H. Functional Implications of Photosystem II Crystal Formation in Photosynthetic Membranes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14091-106. [PMID: 25897076 PMCID: PMC4447980 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.619841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural organization of proteins in biological membranes can affect their function. Photosynthetic thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts have the remarkable ability to change their supramolecular organization between disordered and semicrystalline states. Although the change to the semicrystalline state is known to be triggered by abiotic factors, the functional significance of this protein organization has not yet been understood. Taking advantage of an Arabidopsis thaliana fatty acid desaturase mutant (fad5) that constitutively forms semicrystalline arrays, we systematically test the functional implications of protein crystals in photosynthetic membranes. Here, we show that the change into an ordered state facilitates molecular diffusion of photosynthetic components in crowded thylakoid membranes. The increased mobility of small lipophilic molecules like plastoquinone and xanthophylls has implications for diffusion-dependent electron transport and photoprotective energy-dependent quenching. The mobility of the large photosystem II supercomplexes, however, is impaired, leading to retarded repair of damaged proteins. Our results demonstrate that supramolecular changes into more ordered states have differing impacts on photosynthesis that favor either diffusion-dependent electron transport and photoprotection or protein repair processes, thus fine-tuning the photosynthetic energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Tietz
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Sujith Puthiyaveetil
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Heather M Enlow
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Robert Yarbrough
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Magnus Wood
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Dmitry A Semchonok
- the Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Troy Lowry
- the Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370
| | - Zhirong Li
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, and
| | - Peter Jahns
- the Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- the Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Lenhert
- the Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, and
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340,
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204
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Photosynthetic Membranes of Synechocystis or Plants Convert Sunlight to Photocurrent through Different Pathways due to Different Architectures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122616. [PMID: 25915422 PMCID: PMC4411099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes contain the redox active complexes catalyzing the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae and plants. Crude thylakoid membranes or purified photosystems from different organisms have previously been utilized for generation of electrical power and/or fuels. Here we investigate the electron transferability from thylakoid preparations from plants or the cyanobacterium Synechocystis. We show that upon illumination, crude Synechocystis thylakoids can reduce cytochrome c. In addition, this crude preparation can transfer electrons to a graphite electrode, producing an unmediated photocurrent of 15 μA/cm2. Photocurrent could be obtained in the presence of the PSII inhibitor DCMU, indicating that the source of electrons is QA, the primary Photosystem II acceptor. In contrast, thylakoids purified from plants could not reduce cyt c, nor produced a photocurrent in the photocell in the presence of DCMU. The production of significant photocurrent (100 μA/cm2) from plant thylakoids required the addition of the soluble electron mediator DCBQ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that use of crude thylakoids from the D1-K238E mutant in Synechocystis resulted in improved electron transferability, increasing the direct photocurrent to 35 μA/cm2. Applying the analogous mutation to tobacco plants did not achieve an equivalent effect. While electron abstraction from crude thylakoids of cyanobacteria or plants is feasible, we conclude that the site of the abstraction of the electrons from the thylakoids, the architecture of the thylakoid preparations influence the site of the electron abstraction, as well as the transfer pathway to the electrode. This dictates the use of different strategies for production of sustainable electrical current from photosynthetic thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria or higher plants.
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205
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van Oort B, van Grondelle R, van Stokkum IHM. A Hidden State in Light-Harvesting Complex II Revealed By Multipulse Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5184-93. [PMID: 25815531 PMCID: PMC4500649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is pivotal both for collecting solar radiation for photosynthesis, and for protection against photodamage under high light intensities (via a process called nonphotochemical quenching, NPQ). Aggregation of LHCII is associated with fluorescence quenching, and is used as an in vitro model system of NPQ. However, there is no agreement on the nature of the quencher and on the validity of aggregation as a model system. Here, we use ultrafast multipulse spectroscopy to populate a quenched state in unquenched (unaggregated) LHCII. The state shows characteristic features of lutein and chlorophyll, suggesting that it is an excitonically coupled state between these two compounds. This state decays in approximately 10 ps, making it a strong competitor for photodamage and photochemical quenching. It is observed in trimeric and monomeric LHCII, upon re-excitation with pulses of different wavelengths and duration. We propose that this state is always present, but is scarcely populated under low light intensities. Under high light intensities it may become more accessible, e.g. by conformational changes, and then form a quenching channel. The same state may be the cause of fluorescence blinking observed in single-molecule spectroscopy of LHCII trimers, where a small subpopulation is in an energetically higher state where the pathway to the quencher opens up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart van Oort
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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206
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Östbring K, Rayner M, Sjöholm I, Otterström J, Albertsson PÅ, Emek SC, Erlanson-Albertsson C. The effect of heat treatment of thylakoids on their ability to inhibit in vitro lipase/co-lipase activity. Food Funct 2015; 5:2157-65. [PMID: 25016966 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids has been shown to prolong lipolysis by the inhibition of lipase/co-lipase, which makes thylakoids suitable as a functional food ingredient with satiating properties. The components of thylakoids that provide its function as a lipolysis modulator are primarily photosystems I and II, which are structurally stabilised by chlorophyll. However, chlorophyll is known to be heat sensitive yet the enzymatic inhibiting capacity after heat treatment has not been previously studied. It was hypothesised that the retained function of thylakoids after heat treatment could be correlated to the degree of degradation. Heat treatment at either 60 °C, 75 °C or 90 °C for time interval ranging from 15 s to 120 min induced a color shift from bright green to olive brown which was attributed to degradation. The ability of heat-treated thylakoids to inhibit lipolysis in vitro was also reduced. A correlation between chlorophyll a degradation and the enzymatic inhibiting capacity could be established which opens possibilities to use a spectrophotometric method to quantify the ability of thylakoids to inhibit lipase/co-lipase in a more rapid and cost effective way to complement the pH-stat method used today. With the degradation pattern investigated, it is then possible to design a thermal treatment process to ensure a microbiological safe appetite-reducing product and at the same time minimize the loss of functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Östbring
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Appetite Control Unit, BMC, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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207
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Fristedt R, Martins NF, Strenkert D, Clarke CA, Suchoszek M, Thiele W, Schöttler MA, Merchant SS. The thylakoid membrane protein CGL160 supports CF1CF0 ATP synthase accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121658. [PMID: 25835989 PMCID: PMC4383579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of the major thylakoid protein complexes of the photosynthetic apparatus requires auxiliary proteins supporting individual assembly steps. Here, we identify a plant lineage specific gene, CGL160, whose homolog, atp1, co-occurs with ATP synthase subunits in an operon-like arrangement in many cyanobacteria. Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion mutants, which no longer accumulate the nucleus-encoded CGL160 protein, accumulate less than 25% of wild-type levels of the chloroplast ATP synthase. Severe cosmetic or growth phenotypes result under either short day or fluctuating light growth conditions, respectively, but this is ameliorated under long day constant light growth conditions where the growth, ATP synthase activity and photosynthetic electron transport of the mutants are less affected. Accumulation of other photosynthetic complexes is largely unaffected in cgl160 mutants, suggesting that CGL160 is a specific assembly or stability factor for the CF1CF0 complex. CGL160 is not found in the mature assembled complex but it does interact specifically with subunits of ATP synthase, predominantly those in the extrinsic CF1 sub-complex. We suggest therefore that it may facilitate the assembly of CF1 into the holocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Fristedt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Daniela Strenkert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cornelia A. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Monika Suchoszek
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Sabeeha S. Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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208
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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209
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Yu D, Wang M, Zhu G, Ge B, Liu S, Huang F. Enhanced photocurrent production by bio-dyes of photosynthetic macromolecules on designed TiO2 film. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9375. [PMID: 25790735 PMCID: PMC4366820 DOI: 10.1038/srep09375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The macromolecular pigment-protein complex has the merit of high efficiency for light-energy capture and transfer after long-term photosynthetic evolution. Here bio-dyes of A. platensis photosystem I (PSI) and spinach light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) are spontaneously sensitized on three types of designed TiO2 films, to assess the effects of pigment-protein complex on the performance of bio-dye sensitized solar cells (SSC). Adsorption models of bio-dyes are proposed based on the 3D structures of PSI and LHCII, and the size of particles and inner pores in the TiO2 film. PSI shows its merit of high efficiency for captured energy transfer, charge separation and transfer in the electron transfer chain (ETC), and electron injection from FB to the TiO2 conducting band. After optimization, the best short current (JSC) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of PSI-SSC and LHCII-SSC are 1.31 mA cm(-2) and 0.47%, and 1.51 mA cm(-2) and 0.52%, respectively. The potential for further improvement of this PSI based SSC is significant and could lead to better utilization of solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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210
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Genome-wide analysis of thylakoid-bound ribosomes in maize reveals principles of cotranslational targeting to the thylakoid membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1678-87. [PMID: 25775549 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424655112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast genomes encode ∼ 37 proteins that integrate into the thylakoid membrane. The mechanisms that target these proteins to the membrane are largely unexplored. We used ribosome profiling to provide a comprehensive, high-resolution map of ribosome positions on chloroplast mRNAs in separated membrane and soluble fractions in maize seedlings. The results show that translation invariably initiates off the thylakoid membrane and that ribosomes synthesizing a subset of membrane proteins subsequently become attached to the membrane in a nuclease-resistant fashion. The transition from soluble to membrane-attached ribosomes occurs shortly after the first transmembrane segment in the nascent peptide has emerged from the ribosome. Membrane proteins whose translation terminates before emergence of a transmembrane segment are translated in the stroma and targeted to the membrane posttranslationally. These results indicate that the first transmembrane segment generally comprises the signal that links ribosomes to thylakoid membranes for cotranslational integration. The sole exception is cytochrome f, whose cleavable N-terminal cpSecA-dependent signal sequence engages the thylakoid membrane cotranslationally. The distinct behavior of ribosomes synthesizing the inner envelope protein CemA indicates that sorting signals for the thylakoid and envelope membranes are distinguished cotranslationally. In addition, the fractionation behavior of ribosomes in polycistronic transcription units encoding both membrane and soluble proteins adds to the evidence that the removal of upstream ORFs by RNA processing is not typically required for the translation of internal genes in polycistronic chloroplast mRNAs.
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211
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Ling Q, Jarvis P. Functions of plastid protein import and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in plastid development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:939-48. [PMID: 25762164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastids, such as chloroplasts, are widely distributed endosymbiotic organelles in plants and algae. Apart from their well-known functions in photosynthesis, they have roles in processes as diverse as signal sensing, fruit ripening, and seed development. As most plastid proteins are produced in the cytosol, plastids have developed dedicated translocon machineries for protein import, comprising the TOC (translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts) and TIC (translocon at the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts) complexes. Multiple lines of evidence reveal that protein import via the TOC complex is actively regulated, based on the specific interplay between distinct receptor isoforms and diverse client proteins. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of protein import regulation, particularly in relation to control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and how such regulation changes plastid development. The diversity of plastid import receptors (and of corresponding preprotein substrates) has a determining role in plastid differentiation and interconversion. The controllable turnover of TOC components by the UPS influences the developmental fate of plastids, which is fundamentally linked to plant development. Understanding the mechanisms by which plastid protein import is controlled is critical to the development of breakthrough approaches to increase the yield, quality and stress tolerance of important crop plants, which are highly dependent on plastid development. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Ling
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
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212
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Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal converter of sunlight into chemical energy on Earth. Cyanobacteria and plants provide the oxygen, food, fuel, fibers, and platform chemicals for life on Earth. The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy is catalyzed by two multisubunit membrane protein complexes, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Light is absorbed by the pigment cofactors, and excitation energy is transferred among the antennae pigments and converted into chemical energy at very high efficiency. Oxygenic photosynthesis has existed for more than three billion years, during which its molecular machinery was perfected to minimize wasteful reactions. Light excitation transfer and singlet trapping won over fluorescence, radiation-less decay, and triplet formation. Photosynthetic reaction centers operate in organisms ranging from bacteria to higher plants. They are all evolutionarily linked. The crystal structure determination of photosynthetic protein complexes sheds light on the various partial reactions and explains how they are protected against wasteful pathways and why their function is robust. This review discusses the efficiency of photosynthetic solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
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213
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Betterle N, Ballottari M, Baginsky S, Bassi R. High light-dependent phosphorylation of photosystem II inner antenna CP29 in monocots is STN7 independent and enhances nonphotochemical quenching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:457-71. [PMID: 25501945 PMCID: PMC4326754 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.252379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the photosystem II antenna protein CP29 has been reported to be induced by excess light and further enhanced by low temperature, increasing resistance to these stressing factors. Moreover, high light-induced CP29 phosphorylation was specifically found in monocots, both C3 and C4, which include the large majority of food crops. Recently, knockout collections have become available in rice (Oryza sativa), a model organism for monocots. In this work, we have used reverse genetics coupled to biochemical and physiological analysis to elucidate the molecular basis of high light-induced phosphorylation of CP29 and the mechanisms by which it exerts a photoprotective effect. We found that kinases and phosphatases involved in CP29 phosphorylation are distinct from those reported to act in State 1-State 2 transitions. In addition, we elucidated the photoprotective role of CP29 phosphorylation in reducing singlet oxygen production and enhancing excess energy dissipation. We thus established, in monocots, a mechanistic connection between phosphorylation of CP29 and nonphotochemical quenching, two processes so far considered independent from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Betterle
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
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214
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Obermeyer AC, Olsen BD. Synthesis and Application of Protein-Containing Block Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:101-110. [PMID: 35596389 DOI: 10.1021/mz500732e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins possess an impressive array of functionality ranging from catalytic activity to selective binding and mechanical strength, making them highly attractive for materials engineering. Conjugation of synthetic polymers to proteins has the potential to improve the physical properties of the protein as well as provide functionality not typically found in native proteins, such as stimuli-responsive behavior and the programmable ability to self-assemble. This viewpoint discusses the design of protein-polymer conjugates, an important class of block copolymers. Use of these hybrid molecules in biological and catalytic applications is highlighted, and the ability of the polymer to direct the solution and solid-state self-assembly of the hybrid block copolymers is reviewed. Future challenges in polymer and material science that will enable these hybrid molecules to reach their potential as protein-based materials are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie C. Obermeyer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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215
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Yang H, Liu J, Wen X, Lu C. Molecular mechanism of photosystem I assembly in oxygenic organisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:838-48. [PMID: 25582571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I, an integral membrane and multi-subunit complex, catalyzes the oxidation of plastocyanin and the reduction of ferredoxin by absorbed light energy. Photosystem I participates in photosynthetic acclimation processes by being involved in cyclic electron transfer and state transitions for sustaining efficient photosynthesis. The photosystem I complex is highly conserved from cyanobacteria to higher plants and contains the light-harvesting complex and the reaction center complex. The assembly of the photosystem I complex is highly complicated and involves the concerted assembly of multiple subunits and hundreds of cofactors. A suite of regulatory factors for the assembly of photosystem I subunits and cofactors have been identified that constitute an integrative network regulating PSI accumulation. This review aims to discuss recent findings in the field relating to how the photosystem I complex is assembled in oxygenic organisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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216
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Taggart JC, Welch EZ, Mulqueen MF, Dioguardi VB, Cauer AG, Kokona B, Fairman R. Testing the role of charge and structure on the stability of peptide-porphyrin complexes. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4544-50. [PMID: 25371967 DOI: 10.1021/bm5013426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to extend a structural and biophysical understanding of a coiled-coil based peptide model system that serves as a scaffold for the anionic porphyrin, TPPS4. This is part of an ongoing biomaterials effort to create photoelectronically active mesoscale fibrils for surface deposition and characterization of conductivity properties. The goals are two-fold: (1) to explore optimal basic side-chain moieties for tight binding to TPPS4 and (2) to test the binding of various metalated TPPS4 derivatives to our peptide model system. The latter goal is to control the electronic and redox properties of the fibrillar biomaterials. A soluble version of the peptide biomaterial was used in order to probe binding and to extract thermodynamically rigorous equilibrium binding constants. UV-visible spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectropolarimtery are used to measure the effects of binding on the Soret band of the porphyrin and the helical signal of the peptide, respectively. For the first study, it was found that lysine, ornithine, and arginine are equally robust at engaging TPPS4 with low micromolar binding affinity. In the case of the metalated porphyrins, submicromolar binding affinity was observed for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II). The ability of these metalated porphyrins to bind with high affinity is dependent largely on structural perturbations of the porphyrin molecule, rather than on induced electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Taggart
- Department of Biology, Haverford College , 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, United States
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217
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Valle KC, Nymark M, Aamot I, Hancke K, Winge P, Andresen K, Johnsen G, Brembu T, Bones AM. System responses to equal doses of photosynthetically usable radiation of blue, green, and red light in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114211. [PMID: 25470731 PMCID: PMC4254936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the selective attenuation of solar light and the absorption properties of seawater and seawater constituents, free-floating photosynthetic organisms have to cope with rapid and unpredictable changes in both intensity and spectral quality. We have studied the transcriptional, metabolic and photo-physiological responses to light of different spectral quality in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum through time-series studies of cultures exposed to equal doses of photosynthetically usable radiation of blue, green and red light. The experiments showed that short-term differences in gene expression and profiles are mainly light quality-dependent. Transcription of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes was activated mainly through a light quality-independent mechanism likely to rely on chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling. In contrast, genes encoding proteins important for photoprotection and PSII repair were highly dependent on a blue light receptor-mediated signal. Changes in energy transfer efficiency by light-harvesting pigments were spectrally dependent; furthermore, a declining trend in photosynthetic efficiency was observed in red light. The combined results suggest that diatoms possess a light quality-dependent ability to activate photoprotection and efficient repair of photodamaged PSII. In spite of approximately equal numbers of PSII-absorbed quanta in blue, green and red light, the spectral quality of light is important for diatom responses to ambient light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Collier Valle
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inga Aamot
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kasper Hancke
- Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjersti Andresen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Johnsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Brembu
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
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218
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Dall'Osto L, Ünlü C, Cazzaniga S, van Amerongen H. Disturbed excitation energy transfer in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking minor antenna complexes of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1981-1988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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219
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Yaakoubi H, Hamdani S, Bekalé L, Carpentier R. Protective action of spermine and spermidine against photoinhibition of photosystem I in isolated thylakoid membranes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112893. [PMID: 25420109 PMCID: PMC4242612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-stability of photosystem I (PSI) is of high importance for the photosynthetic processes. For this reason, we studied the protective action of two biogenic polyamines (PAs) spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) on PSI activity in isolated thylakoid membranes subjected to photoinhibition. Our results show that pre-loading thylakoid membranes with Spm and Spd reduced considerably the inhibition of O2 uptake rates, P700 photooxidation and the accumulation of superoxide anions (O2(-)) induced by light stress. Spm seems to be more effective than Spd in preserving PSI photo-stability. The correlation of the extent of PSI protection, photosystem II (PSII) inhibition and O2(-) generation with increasing Spm doses revealed that PSI photo-protection is assumed by two mechanisms depending on the PAs concentration. Given their antioxidant character, PAs scavenge directly the O2(-) generated in thylakoid membranes at physiological concentration (1 mM). However, for non-physiological concentration, the ability of PAs to protect PSI is due to their inhibitory effect on PSII electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnia Yaakoubi
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie-Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Saber Hamdani
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie-Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Bekalé
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie-Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Carpentier
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie-Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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220
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Yu D, Huang G, Xu F, Ge B, Liu S, Xu H, Huang F. Effect of surfactants on apparent oxygen consumption of photosystem I isolated from Arthrospira platensis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:203-213. [PMID: 24947956 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants play a significant role in solubilization of photosystem I (PSI) in vitro. Triton X-100 (TX), n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were employed to solubilize PSI particles in MES buffer to compare the effect of surfactant and its dosage on the apparent oxygen consumption rate of PSI. Through a combined assessment of sucrose density gradient centrifugation, Native PAGE and 77 K fluorescence with the apparent oxygen consumption, the nature of the enhancement of the apparent oxygen consumption activity of PSI by surfactants has been analyzed. Aggregated PSI particles can be dispersed by surfactant molecules into micelles, and the apparent oxygen consumption rate is higher for surfactant-solubilized PSI than for integral PSI particles. For DDM, PSI particles are solubilized mostly as the integral trimeric form. For TX, PSI particles are solubilized as incomplete trimeric and some monomeric forms. For the much harsher surfactant, SDS, PSI particles are completely solubilized as monomeric and its subunit forms. The enhancement of the oxygen consumption rate cannot be explained only by the effects of surfactant on the equilibrium between monomeric and trimeric forms of solubililized PSI. Care must be taken when the electron transfer activity of PSI is evaluated by methods based on oxygen consumption because the apparent oxygen consumption rate is influenced by uncoupled chlorophyll (Chl) from PSI, i.e., the larger the amount of uncoupled Chl, the higher the rate of apparent oxygen consumption. 77 K fluorescence spectra can be used to ensure that there is no uncoupled Chl present in the system. In order to eliminate the effect of trace uncoupled Chl, an efficient physical quencher of (1)O2, such as 1 mM NaN3, may be added into the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China,
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221
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Kärkäs MD, Verho O, Johnston EV, Åkermark B. Artificial Photosynthesis: Molecular Systems for Catalytic Water Oxidation. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11863-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400572f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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222
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Noji T, Kondo M, Kawakami K, Shen JR, Nango M, Dewa T. Durability of oxygen evolution of photosystem II incorporated into lipid bilayers. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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223
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Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty M, Raja SO, Ghosh A, Dasgupta M, Dasgupta AK. Static magnetic field (SMF) sensing of the P(723)/P(689) photosynthetic complex. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1719-29. [PMID: 25314902 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Moderate intensity SMF have been shown to act as a controller of the protic potential in the coherent milieu of the thylakoid membranes. SMF of the order of 60-500 mT induces memory-like effect in photosystem I (PSI, P723) emission with a correlated oscillation of photosystem II (PSII, P689) fluorescence emission at a temperature of 77 K. The observed magnetic perturbation that affects the thylakoid photon capture circuitry was also found to be associated with the bio-energetic machinery of the thylakoid membranes. At normal pH, SMF causes an enhancement of PSI fluorescence emission intensity (P723/P689 > 1), followed by a slow relaxation on the removal of SMF. The enhancement of the PSI fluorescence intensity also occurs under no-field condition, if either the pH of the medium is lowered, or protonophores, such as carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazine or nigericin are added (P723/P689≥ 2). If SMF was applied under such a low pH condition or in the presence of protonophore, a reverse effect, particularly, a reduction of the enhanced PSI emission was observed. Because SMF is essentially equivalent to a spin perturbation, the observed effects can be explained in terms of spin re-organization, illustrating a memory effect via membrane re-alignment and assembly. The mimicry of conventional uncouplers by SMF is also notable; the essential difference being the reversibility and manoeuvrability of the latter (SMF). Finally, the effect implies numerous possibilities of externally regulating the photon capture and proton circulation in the thylakoid membranes using controlled SMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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224
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Fristedt R, Williams-Carrier R, Merchant SS, Barkan A. A thylakoid membrane protein harboring a DnaJ-type zinc finger domain is required for photosystem I accumulation in plants. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30657-30667. [PMID: 25228689 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.587758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a large pigment-protein complex and one of the two photosystems that drive electron transfer in oxygenic photosynthesis. We identified a nuclear gene required specifically for the accumulation of PSI in a forward genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis in maize. This gene, designated psa2, belongs to the "GreenCut" gene set, a group of genes found in green algae and plants but not in non-photosynthetic organisms. Disruption of the psa2 ortholog in Arabidopsis likewise resulted in the specific loss of PSI proteins. PSA2 harbors a conserved domain found in DnaJ chaperones where it has been shown to form a zinc finger and to have protein-disulfide isomerase activity. Accordingly, PSA2 exhibited protein-disulfide reductase activity in vitro. PSA2 localized to the thylakoid lumen and was found in a ∼250-kDa complex harboring the peripheral PSI protein PsaG but lacking several core PSI subunits. PSA2 mRNA is coexpressed with mRNAs encoding various proteins involved in the biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus with peak expression preceding that of genes encoding structural components. PSA2 protein abundance was not decreased in the absence of PSI but was reduced in the absence of the PSI assembly factor Ycf3. These findings suggest that a complex harboring PSA2 and PsaG mediates thiol transactions in the thylakoid lumen that are important for the assembly of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Fristedt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
| | | | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
| | - Alice Barkan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403.
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225
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Sato R, Ohta H, Masuda S. Prediction of respective contribution of linear electron flow and PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow to non-photochemical quenching induction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:190-6. [PMID: 24725611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplasts, regulated formation of the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) is important for controlling non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is crucial for plants to perform photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions. The ΔpH is generated by two electron flows: the linear electron flow (LEF) and the cyclic electron flow (CEF). The Arabidopsis CEF mutant, pgr5, showed significantly lower NPQ values than those observed in WT, indicating that ΔpH, generated by the PGR5-dependent CEF, has a crucial role in controlling NPQ. However, the respective significance of LEF and CEF for ΔpH formation is largely unknown. Here we applied computer simulation to reproduce NPQ induction kinetics and estimate the respective contribution of LEF and PGR5-dependent CEF to the dynamics of ΔpH formation. The results indicate that the contribution of CEF to total ΔpH formation for induction of NPQ varies from 60-80%. The simulation also suggested a role of the PGR5-dependent CEF in accelerating electron transfer in the cytochrome b6f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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226
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Lassen LM, Nielsen AZ, Olsen CE, Bialek W, Jensen K, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Anchoring a plant cytochrome P450 via PsaM to the thylakoids in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002: evidence for light-driven biosynthesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102184. [PMID: 25025215 PMCID: PMC4099078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce an immense variety of specialized metabolites, many of which are of high value as their bioactive properties make them useful as for instance pharmaceuticals. The compounds are often produced at low levels in the plant, and due to their complex structures, chemical synthesis may not be feasible. Here, we take advantage of the reducing equivalents generated in photosynthesis in developing an approach for producing plant bioactive natural compounds in a photosynthetic microorganism by functionally coupling a biosynthetic enzyme to photosystem I. This enables driving of the enzymatic reactions with electrons extracted from the photosynthetic electron transport chain. As a proof of concept, we have genetically fused the soluble catalytic domain of the cytochrome P450 CYP79A1, originating from the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of Sorghum bicolor, to a photosystem I subunit in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, thereby targeting it to the thylakoids. The engineered enzyme showed light-driven activity both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating the possibility to achieve light-driven biosynthesis of high-value plant specialized metabolites in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Münter Lassen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wojciech Bialek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kenneth Jensen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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227
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Yu D, Huang G, Xu F, Wang M, Liu S, Huang F. Triton X-100 as an effective surfactant for the isolation and purification of photosystem I from Arthrospira platensis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 120:311-321. [PMID: 24599394 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants play important roles in the preparation, structural, and functional research of membrane proteins, and solubilizing and isolating membrane protein, while keeping their structural integrity and activity intact is complicated. The commercial n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) and Triton X-100 (TX) were used as solubilizers to extract and purify trimeric photosystem I (PSI) complex, an important photosynthetic membrane protein complex attracting broad interests. With an optimized procedure, TX can be used as an effective surfactant to isolate and purify PSI, as a replace of the much more expensive DDM. A mechanism was proposed to interpret the solubilization process at surfactant concentrations lower than the critical solubilization concentration. PSI-TX and PSI-DDM had identical polypeptide bands, pigment compositions, oxygen consumption, and photocurrent activities. This provides an alternative procedure and paves a way for economical and large-scale trimeric PSI preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China,
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228
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Yamada Y, Kubota T, Nishio M, Tanaka K. Sequential and spatial organization of metal complexes inside a peptide duplex. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6505-9. [PMID: 24735178 DOI: 10.1021/ja502898t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To generate integrated organized molecular properties, multiple molecular components are required to be assembled into the molecular system with sequential and spatial accuracy in accordance with the design of the molecular assembly. Herein, we present a novel programmable synthesis of a cofacially stacked porphyrin array via repetitive construction of a peptide duplex. We designed and synthesized a novel porphyrin having two artificial amino acid moieties at the trans meso-positions. The amino acid moieties can be connected with another porphyrin unit by repetitive doubly coupling reactions to afford the peptide duplex bridged by the porphyrins. In the duplex, the porphyrin units are stacked cofacially, and the efficient electronic communication among the arrayed porphyrin units was characterized by split redox waves in the cyclic voltammograms. We also demonstrated the three different square-planar metal ions, namely Cu(2+), Ni(2+), and Pd(2+), were arranged inside the ladder-type porphyrin array in a programmable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and ‡Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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229
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Ebenhöh O, Fucile G, Finazzi G, Rochaix JD, Goldschmidt-Clermont M. Short-term acclimation of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain to changing light: a mathematical model. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130223. [PMID: 24591710 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes house two photosystems with distinct light absorption spectra. Natural fluctuations in light quality and quantity can lead to unbalanced or excess excitation, compromising photosynthetic efficiency and causing photodamage. Consequently, these organisms have acquired several distinct adaptive mechanisms, collectively referred to as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence, which modulates the organization and function of the photosynthetic apparatus. The ability to monitor NPQ processes fluorometrically has led to substantial progress in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. However, the relative contribution of distinct NPQ mechanisms to variable light conditions in different photosynthetic eukaryotes remains unclear. Here, we present a mathematical model of the dynamic regulation of eukaryotic photosynthesis using ordinary differential equations. We demonstrate that, for Chlamydomonas, our model recapitulates the basic fluorescence features of short-term light acclimation known as state transitions and discuss how the model can be iteratively refined by comparison with physiological experiments to further our understanding of light acclimation in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, , Meston Building, Old Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
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230
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Lassen LM, Nielsen AZ, Ziersen B, Gnanasekaran T, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Redirecting photosynthetic electron flow into light-driven synthesis of alternative products including high-value bioactive natural compounds. ACS Synth Biol 2014; 3:1-12. [PMID: 24328185 DOI: 10.1021/sb400136f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria converts solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, both of which are used in primary metabolism. However, often more reducing power is generated by the photosystems than what is needed for primary metabolism. In this review, we discuss the development in the research field, focusing on how the photosystems can be used as synthetic biology building blocks to channel excess reducing power into light-driven production of alternative products. Plants synthesize a large number of high-value bioactive natural compounds. Some of the key enzymes catalyzing their biosynthesis are the cytochrome P450s situated in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, bioactive compounds are often synthesized in low quantities in the plants and are difficult to produce by chemical synthesis due to their often complex structures. Through a synthetic biology approach, enzymes with a requirement for reducing equivalents as cofactors, such as the cytochrome P450s, can be coupled directly to the photosynthetic energy output to obtain environmentally friendly production of complex chemical compounds. By relocating cytochrome P450s to the chloroplasts, reducing power can be diverted toward the reactions catalyzed by the cytochrome P450s. This provides a sustainable production method for high-value compounds that potentially can solve the problem of NADPH regeneration, which currently limits the biotechnological uses of cytochrome P450s. We describe the approaches that have been taken to couple enzymes to photosynthesis in vivo and to photosystem I in vitro and the challenges associated with this approach to develop new green production platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Münter Lassen
- UNIK Center
for Synthetic
Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center “bioSYNergy”,
the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- UNIK Center
for Synthetic
Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center “bioSYNergy”,
the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bibi Ziersen
- UNIK Center
for Synthetic
Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center “bioSYNergy”,
the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- UNIK Center
for Synthetic
Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center “bioSYNergy”,
the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- UNIK Center
for Synthetic
Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center “bioSYNergy”,
the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- UNIK Center
for Synthetic
Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center “bioSYNergy”,
the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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231
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Xie X, Bakker E. Creating electrochemical gradients by light: from bio-inspired concepts to photoelectric conversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19781-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Artificial light harvesting systems can be used to convert light into electrochemical gradients and photocurrents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Geneva
- Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Geneva
- Geneva, Switzerland
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232
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Engström K, Johnston EV, Verho O, Gustafson KPJ, Shakeri M, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE. Co-immobilization of an enzyme and a metal into the compartments of mesoporous silica for cooperative tandem catalysis: an artificial metalloenzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:14006-10. [PMID: 24222082 PMCID: PMC4499256 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Engström
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Eric V Johnston
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Karl P J Gustafson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Mozaffar Shakeri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry and Berzeli Center EXSELENT on Porous Material, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
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233
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Guan X, Wang J, Zhu J, Yao C, Liu J, Qin S, Jiang P. Photosystem II photochemistry and phycobiliprotein of the red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and their implications for light adaptation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:256549. [PMID: 24380080 PMCID: PMC3860078 DOI: 10.1155/2013/256549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II photochemistry and phycobiliprotein (PBP) genes of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii, raw material of κ -carrageenan used in food and pharmaceutical industries, were analyzed in this study. Minimum saturating irradiance (I k) of this algal species was less than 115 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Its actual PSII efficiency (yield II) increased when light intensity enhanced and decreased when light intensity reached 200 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Under dim light, yield II declined at first and then increased on the fourth day. Under high light, yield II retained a stable value. These results indicate that K. alvarezii is a low-light-adapted species but possesses regulative mechanisms in response to both excessive and deficient light. Based on the PBP gene sequences, K. alvarezii, together with other red algae, assembled faster and showed a closer relationship with LL-Prochlorococcus compared to HL-Prochlorococcus. Many amino acid loci in PBP sequences of K. alvarezii were conserved with those of LL-Prochlorococcus. However, loci conserved with HL-Prochlorococcus but divergent with LL-Prochlorococcus were also found. The diversities of PE and PC are proposed to have played some roles during the algal evolution and divergence of light adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guan
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianyi Zhu
- Department of Biology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Biology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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234
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Engström K, Johnston EV, Verho O, Gustafson KPJ, Shakeri M, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE. Co-immobilization of an Enzyme and a Metal into the Compartments of Mesoporous Silica for Cooperative Tandem Catalysis: An Artificial Metalloenzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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235
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Berry JO, Yerramsetty P, Zielinski AM, Mure CM. Photosynthetic gene expression in higher plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 117:91-120. [PMID: 23839301 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the chloroplasts of higher plants and algae, photosynthesis converts light into biological energy, fueling the assimilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide into biologically useful molecules. Two major steps, photosynthetic electron transport and the Calvin-Benson cycle, require many gene products encoded from chloroplast as well as nuclear genomes. The expression of genes in both cellular compartments is highly dynamic and influenced by a diverse range of factors. Light is the primary environmental determinant of photosynthetic gene expression. Working through photoreceptors such as phytochrome, light regulates photosynthetic genes at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Other processes that affect photosynthetic gene expression include photosynthetic activity, development, and biotic and abiotic stress. Anterograde (from nucleus to chloroplast) and retrograde (from chloroplast to nucleus) signaling insures the highly coordinated expression of the many photosynthetic genes between these different compartments. Anterograde signaling incorporates nuclear-encoded transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators, such as sigma factors and RNA-binding proteins, respectively. Retrograde signaling utilizes photosynthetic processes such as photosynthetic electron transport and redox signaling to influence the expression of photosynthetic genes in the nucleus. The basic C3 photosynthetic pathway serves as the default form used by most of the plant species on earth. High temperature and water stress associated with arid environments have led to the development of specialized C4 and CAM photosynthesis, which evolved as modifications of the basic default expression program. The goal of this article is to explain and summarize the many gene expression and regulatory processes that work together to support photosynthetic function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA,
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236
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Nelson N. Evolution of photosystem I and the control of global enthalpy in an oxidizing world. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:145-151. [PMID: 23954951 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Life on earth is governed by light, chemical reactions, and the second law of thermodynamics, which defines the tendency for increasing entropy as an expression of disorder or randomness. Life is an expression of increasing order, and a constant influx of energy and loss of entropic wastes are required to maintain or increase order in living organisms. Most of the energy for life comes from sunlight and, thus, photosynthesis underlies the survival of all life forms. Oxygenic photosynthesis determines not only the global amount of enthalpy in living systems, but also the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and surface. Photosynthesis was established on the Earth more than 3.5 billion years ago. The primordial reaction center has been suggested to comprise a homodimeric unit resembling the core complex of the current reaction centers in Chlorobi, Heliobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Here, an evolutionary scenario based on the known structures of the current reaction centers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel,
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237
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Abstract
Molecular bioenergetics deals with the construction, function and regulation of the powerhouses of life. The present overview sketches scenes and actors, farsighted goals and daring hypotheses, meticulous tool-making, painstaking benchwork, lucky discovery, serious scepticism, emphatic believing and strong characters with weak and others with hard arguments, told from a personal, admittedly limited, perspective. Bioenergetics will blossom further with the search focused on both where there is bright light for ever-finer detail and the obvious dark spots for surprise and discovery.
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238
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Plastids of marine phytoplankton produce bioactive pigments and lipids. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3425-71. [PMID: 24022731 PMCID: PMC3806458 DOI: 10.3390/md11093425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton is acknowledged to be a very diverse source of bioactive molecules. These compounds play physiological roles that allow cells to deal with changes of the environmental constrains. For example, the diversity of light harvesting pigments allows efficient photosynthesis at different depths in the seawater column. Identically, lipid composition of cell membranes can vary according to environmental factors. This, together with the heterogenous evolutionary origin of taxa, makes the chemical diversity of phytoplankton compounds much larger than in terrestrial plants. This contribution is dedicated to pigments and lipids synthesized within or from plastids/photosynthetic membranes. It starts with a short review of cyanobacteria and microalgae phylogeny. Then the bioactivity of pigments and lipids (anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-allergic activities, and cardio- neuro-, hepato- and photoprotective effects), alone or in combination, is detailed. To increase the cellular production of bioactive compounds, specific culture conditions may be applied (e.g., high light intensity, nitrogen starvation). Regardless of the progress made in blue biotechnologies, the production of bioactive compounds is still limited. However, some examples of large scale production are given, and perspectives are suggested in the final section.
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239
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SONG SJ, GU JY, GUO HJ, ZHAO LS, ZHAO SR, LI JH, ZHAO BC, LIU LX. Proteomic Analysis of Leaves of the Chlorophyll-Deficient Wheat Mutant Mt6172 and Its Wild-Type through 2D-Difference Gel Electrophoresis. ZUOWU XUEBAO 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2012.01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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240
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Kamidaki C, Kondo T, Noji T, Itoh T, Yamaguchi A, Itoh S. Alumina Plate Containing Photosystem I Reaction Center Complex Oriented inside Plate-Penetrating Silica Nanopores. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9785-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406589u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Kamidaki
- Division of Material Science
(Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya, Ai-chi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Material Science
(Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya, Ai-chi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Noji
- Division of Material Science
(Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya, Ai-chi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Itoh
- Research Center for Compact
Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nigatake 4-2-1, Miyagino-ku,
Sendai 983-8551, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- College
of Science and Frontier
Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Division of Material Science
(Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya, Ai-chi 464-8602, Japan
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241
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Sforazzini G, Orentas E, Bolag A, Sakai N, Matile S. Toward Oriented Surface Architectures with Three Coaxial Charge-Transporting Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12082-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Altan Bolag
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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242
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Function and evolution of channels and transporters in photosynthetic membranes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:979-98. [PMID: 23835835 PMCID: PMC3928508 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts from land plants and algae originated from an endosymbiotic event, most likely involving an ancestral photoautotrophic prokaryote related to cyanobacteria. Both chloroplasts and cyanobacteria have thylakoid membranes, harboring pigment-protein complexes that perform the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. The composition, function and regulation of these complexes have thus far been the major topics in thylakoid membrane research. For many decades, we have also accumulated biochemical and electrophysiological evidence for the existence of solute transthylakoid transport activities that affect photosynthesis. However, research dedicated to molecular identification of the responsible proteins has only recently emerged with the explosion of genomic information. Here we review the current knowledge about channels and transporters from the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana and of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. No homologues of these proteins have been characterized in algae, although similar sequences could be recognized in many of the available sequenced genomes. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we hypothesize a host origin for most of the so far identified Arabidopsis thylakoid channels and transporters. Additionally, the shift from a non-thylakoid to a thylakoid location appears to have occurred at different times for different transport proteins. We propose that closer control of and provision for the thylakoid by products of the host genome has been an ongoing process, rather than a one-step event. Some of the proteins recruited to serve in the thylakoid may have been the result of the increased specialization of its pigment-protein composition and organization in green plants.
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243
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Emek SC, Åkerlund HE, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Albertsson PÅ. Pancreatic lipase-colipase binds strongly to the thylakoid membrane surface. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2254-8. [PMID: 23355304 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated thylakoid membranes, i.e. the photosynthetic membranes of green leaves, inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase and colipase during hydrolysis of fat in vitro. This inhibition has been demonstrated to cause reduced food intake and improved hormonal and lipid profile in vivo. One of the reasons suggested for the inhibiting effect is binding of lipase-colipase to the thylakoid membrane surface. This prompted a study of the binding of lipase and colipase to thylakoids. RESULTS The results showed that lipase and colipase strongly bind to the thylakoid membrane surface. The dissociation constant was determined at 1.2 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹; binding decreased after treatment of thylakoids with pepsin/trypsin to 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ and to 0.6 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ after treatment with pancreatic juice. Similarly, delipidation of thylakoids caused a decrease in binding, the dissociation constant being 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹. CONCLUSION The binding of pancreatic lipase-colipase to the thylakoid membrane is strong and may explain the inhibition of lipase-colipase activity by thylakoids. After treatment with proteases to mimic intestinal digestion binding is decreased, but is still high enough to explain the observed metabolic effects of thylakoids in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Cem Emek
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Centre, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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244
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Nielsen AZ, Ziersen B, Jensen K, Lassen LM, Olsen CE, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Redirecting photosynthetic reducing power toward bioactive natural product synthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2013; 2:308-15. [PMID: 23654276 DOI: 10.1021/sb300128r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the products of photosynthesis, the chloroplast provides the energy and carbon building blocks required for synthesis of a wealth of bioactive natural products of which many have potential uses as pharmaceuticals. In the course of plant evolution, energy generation and biosynthetic capacities have been compartmentalized. Chloroplast photosynthesis provides ATP and NADPH as well as carbon sources for primary metabolism. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) synthesize a wide spectrum of bioactive natural products, powered by single electron transfers from NADPH. P450s are present in low amounts, and the reactions proceed relatively slowly due to limiting concentrations of NADPH. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to break the evolutionary compartmentalization of energy generation and P450-catalyzed biosynthesis, by relocating an entire P450-dependent pathway to the chloroplast and driving the pathway by direct use of the reducing power generated by photosystem I in a light-dependent manner. The study demonstrates the potential of transferring pathways for structurally complex high-value natural products to the chloroplast and directly tapping into the reducing power generated by photosynthesis to drive the P450s using water as the primary electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Center for Synthetic Biology and Villum Research Centre "Pro-Active Plants", †Section for Molecular Plant Biology, ‡Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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245
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Dedeo MT, Finley DT, Francis MB. Viral capsids as self-assembling templates for new materials. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 103:353-92. [PMID: 22000000 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415906-8.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembling protein shells of viruses have provided convenient scaffolds for the construction of many new materials with well-defined nanoscale architectures. In some cases, the native amino acid functional groups have served as nucleation sites for the deposition of metals and semiconductors, leading to organic-inorganic composites with interesting electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties. Other approaches have involved the covalent modification of the protein monomers, typically with the goal of generating targeting delivery vehicles for drug and imaging cargo. Covalently modified capsid proteins have also been used to generate periodic arrays of chromophores for use in light harvesting and photocatalytic applications. All of these research areas have taken advantage of the low polydispersity, high chemical stability, and intrinsically multivalent properties that are uniquely offered by these biological building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel T Dedeo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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246
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Beebo A, Mathai JC, Schoefs B, Spetea C. Assessment of the requirement for aquaporins in the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts to sustain photosynthetic water oxidation. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2083-9. [PMID: 23732702 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use sunlight energy to oxidize water to molecular oxygen. This process is mediated by the photosystem II complex at the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. Most research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the mechanism behind the unique water oxidation reactions, whereas the delivery pathways for water molecules into the thylakoid lumen have not yet been studied. The most common mechanisms for water transport are simple diffusion and diffusion facilitated by specialized channel proteins named aquaporins. Calculations using published data for plant chloroplasts indicate that aquaporins are not necessary to sustain water supply into the thylakoid lumen at steady state photosynthetic rates. Yet, arguments for their presence in the plant thylakoid membrane and beneficial action are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Beebo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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247
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Liu D, Jing L, Luan P, Tang J, Fu H. Enhancement effects of cobalt phosphate modification on activity for photoelectrochemical water oxidation of TiO2 and mechanism insights. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:4046-4052. [PMID: 23618060 DOI: 10.1021/am400351m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt phosphate-modified nanocrystalline TiO2 (nc-TiO2) films were prepared by a doctor blade method using homemade nc-TiO2 paste, followed by the post-treatments first with monometallic sodium orthophosphate solution and then with cobalt nitrate solution. The modification with an appropriate amount of cobalt phosphate could greatly enhance the activity for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation of nc-TiO2, superior to the modification only with the phosphate anions. It is clearly demonstrated that the enhanced activity after cobalt phosphate modification is attributed to the roles of cobalt(II) ions linked by phosphate groups with the surfaces of nc-TiO2 mainly by means of the surface photovoltage responses in N2 atmosphere. It is suggested that the linked cobalt(II) ions could capture photogenerated holes effectively to produce high-valence cobalt ions, further inducing oxidation reactions with water molecules to rereturn to cobalt(II) ions. This work is useful to explore feasible routes to improve the performance of oxide-based semiconductors for PEC water splitting to produce clean H2 energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dening Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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248
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Giardi MT, Rea G, Lambreva MD, Antonacci A, Pastorelli S, Bertalan I, Johanningmeier U, Mattoo AK. Mutations of photosystem II D1 protein that empower efficient phenotypes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under extreme environment in space. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64352. [PMID: 23691201 PMCID: PMC3653854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Space missions have enabled testing how microorganisms, animals and plants respond to extra-terrestrial, complex and hazardous environment in space. Photosynthetic organisms are thought to be relatively more prone to microgravity, weak magnetic field and cosmic radiation because oxygenic photosynthesis is intimately associated with capture and conversion of light energy into chemical energy, a process that has adapted to relatively less complex and contained environment on Earth. To study the direct effect of the space environment on the fundamental process of photosynthesis, we sent into low Earth orbit space engineered and mutated strains of the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which has been widely used as a model of photosynthetic organisms. The algal mutants contained specific amino acid substitutions in the functionally important regions of the pivotal Photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre D1 protein near the QB binding pocket and in the environment surrounding Tyr-161 (YZ) electron acceptor of the oxygen-evolving complex. Using real-time measurements of PSII photochemistry, here we show that during the space flight while the control strain and two D1 mutants (A250L and V160A) were inefficient in carrying out PSII activity, two other D1 mutants, I163N and A251C, performed efficient photosynthesis, and actively re-grew upon return to Earth. Mimicking the neutron irradiation component of cosmic rays on Earth yielded similar results. Experiments with I163N and A251C D1 mutants performed on ground showed that they are better able to modulate PSII excitation pressure and have higher capacity to reoxidize the QA− state of the primary electron acceptor. These results highlight the contribution of D1 conformation in relation to photosynthesis and oxygen production in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Giardi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Maya D. Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Pastorelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Bertalan
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Udo Johanningmeier
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- The Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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249
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Mazor Y, Greenberg I, Toporik H, Beja O, Nelson N. The evolution of photosystem I in light of phage-encoded reaction centres. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 367:3400-5. [PMID: 23148266 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent structural determinations and metagenomic studies shed light on the evolution of photosystem I (PSI) from the homodimeric reaction centre of primitive bacteria to plant PSI at the top of the evolutionary development. The evolutionary scenario of over 3.5 billion years reveals an increase in the complexity of PSI. This phenomenon of ever-increasing complexity is common to all evolutionary processes that in their advanced stages are highly dependent on fine-tuning of regulatory processes. On the other hand, the recently discovered virus-encoded PSI complexes contain a minimal number of subunits. This may reflect the unique selection scenarios associated with viral replication. It may be beneficial for future engineering of productive processes to utilize 'primitive' complexes that disregard the cellular regulatory processes and to avoid those regulatory constraints when our goal is to divert the process from its original route. In this article, we discuss the evolutionary forces that act on viral reaction centres and the role of the virus-carried photosynthetic genes in the evolution of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Chi W, Ma J, Zhang L. Regulatory factors for the assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 367:3420-9. [PMID: 23148269 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major multi-protein photosynthetic complexes, located in thylakoid membranes, are responsible for the capture of light and its conversion into chemical energy in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Although the structures and functions of these photosynthetic complexes have been explored, the molecular mechanisms underlying their assembly remain elusive. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the regulatory components involved in the assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes in photosynthetic organisms. Many of the known regulatory factors are conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, whereas others appear to be newly evolved or to have expanded predominantly in eukaryotes. Their specific features and fundamental differences in cyanobacteria, green algae and land plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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