201
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Chavda V, Chaurasia B, Garg K, Deora H, Umana GE, Palmisciano P, Scalia G, Lu B. Molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in stroke and cancer. BRAIN DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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202
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Canale M, Andrikou K, Priano I, Cravero P, Pasini L, Urbini M, Delmonte A, Crinò L, Bronte G, Ulivi P. The Role of TP53 Mutations in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical Significance and Implications for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051143. [PMID: 35267450 PMCID: PMC8909869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients carrying Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations usually benefit from targeted therapy treatment. Nonetheless, primary or acquired resistance mechanisms lead to treatment discontinuation and disease progression. Tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations are the most common mutations in NSCLC, and several reports highlighted a role for these mutations in influencing prognosis and responsiveness to EGFR targeted therapy. In this review, we discuss the emerging data about the role of TP53 in predicting EGFR mutated NSCLC patients’ prognosis and responsiveness to targeted therapy. Abstract Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Oncogene-addicted patients usually benefit from targeted therapy, but primary and acquired resistance mechanisms inevitably occur. Tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, including NSCLC. TP53 mutations are able to induce carcinogenesis, tumor development and resistance to therapy, influencing patient prognosis and responsiveness to therapy. TP53 mutants present in different forms, suggesting that different gene alterations confer specific acquired protein functions. In recent years, many associations between different TP53 mutations and responses to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy in NSCLC patients have been found. In this review, we discuss the current landscape concerning the role of TP53 mutants to guide primary and acquired resistance to Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) EGFR-directed, investigating the possible mechanisms of TP53 mutants within the cellular compartments. We also discuss the role of the TP53 mutations in predicting the response to targeted therapy with EGFR-TKIs, as a possible biomarker to guide patient stratification for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (M.U.); (P.U.)
| | - Kalliopi Andrikou
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Ilaria Priano
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Cravero
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigi Pasini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (M.U.); (P.U.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Milena Urbini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (M.U.); (P.U.)
| | - Angelo Delmonte
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (M.U.); (P.U.)
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203
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Zhang X, Huo C, Liu Y, Su R, Zhao Y, Li Y. Mechanism and Disease Association With a Ubiquitin Conjugating E2 Enzyme: UBE2L3. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793610. [PMID: 35265070 PMCID: PMC8899012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 is an important component of the post-translational protein ubiquitination pathway, which mediates the transfer of activated ubiquitin to substrate proteins. UBE2L3, also called UBcH7, is one of many E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes that participate in the ubiquitination of many substrate proteins and regulate many signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB, GSK3β/p65, and DSB repair pathways. Studies on UBE2L3 have found that it has an abnormal expression in many diseases, mainly immune diseases, tumors and Parkinson's disease. It can also promote the occurrence and development of these diseases. Resultantly, UBE2L3 may become an important target for some diseases. Herein, we review the structure of UBE2L3, and its mechanism in diseases, as well as diseases related to UBE2L3 and discuss the related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiliang Su
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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204
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Butera G, Manfredi M, Fiore A, Brandi J, Pacchiana R, De Giorgis V, Barberis E, Vanella V, Galasso M, Scupoli MT, Marengo E, Cecconi D, Donadelli M. Tumor Suppressor Role of Wild-Type P53-Dependent Secretome and Its Proteomic Identification in PDAC. Biomolecules 2022; 12:305. [PMID: 35204804 PMCID: PMC8869417 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the cancer secretome is gaining even more importance in cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whose lack of recognizable symptoms and early detection assays make this type of cancer highly lethal. The wild-type p53 protein, frequently mutated in PDAC, prevents tumorigenesis by regulating a plethora of signaling pathways. The importance of the p53 tumor suppressive activity is not only primarily involved within cells to limit tumor cell proliferation but also in the extracellular space. Thus, loss of p53 has a profound impact on the secretome composition of cancer cells and marks the transition to invasiveness. Here, we demonstrate the tumor suppressive role of wild-type p53 on cancer cell secretome, showing the anti-proliferative, apoptotic and chemosensitivity effects of wild-type p53 driven conditioned medium. By using high-resolution SWATH-MS technology, we characterized the secretomes of p53-deficient and p53-expressing PDAC cells. We found a great number of secreted proteins that have known roles in cancer-related processes, 30 of which showed enhanced and 17 reduced secretion in response to p53 silencing. These results are important to advance our understanding on the link between wt-p53 and cancer microenvironment. In conclusion, this approach may detect a secreted signature specifically driven by wild-type p53 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Virginia Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
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Bekhet OH, Eid ME. The interplay between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in cancer progression and therapy: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:4196-4206. [PMID: 35116715 PMCID: PMC8799102 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To unveil the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in signaling and involvement in cancer progression and therapy. Background Cancer is considered one of the main causes of mortality in developed countries and expected to be more in developing countries as well. Although some cancers may develop at young age, yet almost all types of cancers are an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic cell damages. Cancer is considered a diverse collection of diseases on a cellular level rather than a single disease; and each disease has a different cause as well. ROS have been seen as harmful toxic molecules; however, they are recognized for cellular signaling capabilities. Elevated levels of ROS have protumorigenic activities; they induce cancer cell proliferation, and adaptation to hypoxia in addition to other effects like DNA damage and genetic instability. They are produced excessively by cancer cells to hyperactivate cellular transformation meanwhile increasing antioxidant capacity to avoid cell death. Methods We discussed peer reviewed published research work from 1987 to 2021. In this paper, we review the role of antioxidants as defensive barrier against excessive ROS levels for maintaining oxidation-reduction (redox) balance; however, antioxidant can also strive in tumor cells with their scavenging capacities and maintain protumorigenic signaling and resist the cancer cell oxidative stress and apoptosis. High doses of antioxidant compounds could be toxic to cells as they are capable of reacting with the physiological concentrations of ROS present for normal cellular processes and signaling. Conclusions Maintaining cellular redox homeostasis is vital for healthy biological system. Therefore, therapeutic modalities for cancer including antioxidants and ROS management should be used at certain doses to target specific redox pathways involved in cancer progression without disrupting the overall redox balance in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hussein Bekhet
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Catholic University of Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Elsayed Eid
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Crete, Greece
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206
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Qi Q, Huang W, Zhang H, Zhang B, Sun X, Ma J, Zhu C, Wang C. Bioinformatic analysis of PLOD family member expression and prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:2707-2724. [PMID: 35116582 PMCID: PMC8798377 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases (PLODs) are a group of enzymes that can mediate the hydroxylation of lysyl to hydroxylysine and participate in the formation of stabilized collagen. Evidence has demonstrated that PLODs are involved in the steps of tumor progression, including proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, limited information is available on the function of PLOD1/2/3 in lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns and prognostic values of PLODs in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). METHODS The Oncomine database and UALCAN were used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of PLOD family members in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prognostic values of PLODs were investigated by the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. We collected 33 patients with lung cancer to further verify the expression profiles and prognostic values of PLODs. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival curves, and the log-rank test was performed to evaluate the differences in survival. According to the GSE31210 databset, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify whether PLODs were independent prognostic indicators for survival. Meanwhile, we investigated the mutations, potential biological functions and immune relevance of PLODs on the basis of the cBioPortal, Metascape and TIMER databases respectively. RESULTS We found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of PLODs in NSCLC tissues were higher than those in normal lung tissues. High PLOD1/2/3 expression had significant relevance to poor survival in LUAD but not in LUSC. In addition, the GSE31210 dataset showed that PLOD1 and PLOD3 were independent risk factors for relapse-free survival and overall survival (OS) in LUAD. We observed a high alteration rate of PLODs in LUSC patients, and the genetic alterations of PLODs had significant relevance to favorable OS. Furthermore, we observed that PLODs were significantly associated with tumor immunity in lung cancer. The enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway showed that the functions of the PLODs focused on cell cycle, DNA replication, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in LUAD. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that PLODs were highly expressed in lung cancer and may be suitable prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Wuhao Huang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
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207
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Yuan Y, Li H, Pu W, Chen L, Guo D, Jiang H, He B, Qin S, Wang K, Li N, Feng J, Wen J, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Yang W, Ye D, Lu Z, Huang C, Mei J, Zhang HF, Gao P, Jiang P, Su S, Sun B, Zhao SM. Cancer metabolism and tumor microenvironment: fostering each other? SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:236-279. [PMID: 34846643 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The changes associated with malignancy are not only in cancer cells but also in environment in which cancer cells live. Metabolic reprogramming supports tumor cell high demand of biogenesis for their rapid proliferation, and helps tumor cell to survive under certain genetic or environmental stresses. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alteration is ultimately and tightly associated with genetic changes, in particular the dysregulation of key oncogenic and tumor suppressive signaling pathways. Cancer cells activate HIF signaling even in the presence of oxygen and in the absence of growth factor stimulation. This cancer metabolic phenotype, described firstly by German physiologist Otto Warburg, insures enhanced glycolytic metabolism for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. The conception of metabolite signaling, i.e., metabolites are regulators of cell signaling, provides novel insights into how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other metabolites deregulation may regulate redox homeostasis, epigenetics, and proliferation of cancer cells. Moreover, the unveiling of noncanonical functions of metabolic enzymes, such as the moonlighting functions of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), reassures the importance of metabolism in cancer development. The metabolic, microRNAs, and ncRNAs alterations in cancer cells can be sorted and delivered either to intercellular matrix or to cancer adjacent cells to shape cancer microenvironment via media such as exosome. Among them, cancer microenvironmental cells are immune cells which exert profound effects on cancer cells. Understanding of all these processes is a prerequisite for the development of a more effective strategy to contain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yuan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wang Pu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Bo He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jun Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hua-Feng Zhang
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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208
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Zhao M, Yao P, Mao Y, Wu J, Wang W, Geng C, Cheng J, Du W, Jiang P. Malic enzyme 2 maintains protein stability of mutant p53 through 2-hydroxyglutarate. Nat Metab 2022; 4:225-238. [PMID: 35228743 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many types of cancer feature TP53 mutations with oncogenic properties. However, whether the oncogenic activity of mutant p53 is affected by the cellular metabolic state is unknown. Here we show that cancer-associated mutant p53 protein is stabilized by 2-hydroxyglutarate generated by malic enzyme 2. Mechanistically, malic enzyme 2 promotes the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate by adjusting glutaminolysis, as well as through a reaction that requires pyruvate and NADPH. Malic enzyme 2 depletion decreases cellular 2-hydroxyglutarate levels in vitro and in vivo, whereas elevated malic enzyme 2 expression increases 2-hydroxyglutarate production. We further show that 2-hydroxyglutarate binds directly to mutant p53, which reduces Mdm2-mediated mutant p53 ubiquitination and degradation. 2-Hydroxyglutarate supplementation is sufficient for maintaining mutant p53 protein stability in malic enzyme 2-depleted cells, and restores tumour growth of malic enzyme 2-ablated cells, but not of cells that lack mutant p53. Our findings reveal the previously unrecognized versatility of malic enzyme 2 catalytic functions, and uncover a role for mutant p53 in sensing cellular 2-hydroxyglutarate levels, which contribute to the stabilization of mutant p53 and tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhao
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Yao
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youxiang Mao
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhui Geng
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
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209
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Most Probable Druggable Pockets in Mutant p53-Arg175His Clusters Extracted from Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Protein J 2022; 41:27-43. [PMID: 35099676 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
p53, a tumor suppressor protein, is essential for preventing cancer development. Enhancing our understanding of the human p53 function and its modifications in carcinogenesis will aid in developing more highly effective strategies for cancer prevention and treatment. In this study, we have modeled five human p53 forms, namely, inactive, distal-active, proximal-active, distal-Arg175His mutant, and proximal-Arg175His mutant forms. These forms have been investigated using Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations in OPC water model at physiological temperature and pH. Our observations, obtained throughout [Formula: see text] of production run, are in good agreement with the relevant results in the classical molecular dynamics (MD) studies. Therefore, GaMD method is more economic and efficient method than the classical MD method for studying biomolecular systems. The featured dynamics of the five human p53-DBD forms include noticeable conformational changes of L1 and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] loops as well as [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] turns. We have identified two clusters that represent two distinct conformational states in each p53-DBD form. The free-energy profiles of these clusters demonstrate the flexibility of the protein to undergo a conformational transition between the two clusters. We have predicted two out of seven possible druggability pockets on the clusters of the Arg175His forms. These two druggability pockets are near the mutation site and are expected to be actual pockets, which will be helpful for the compound clinical progression studies.
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210
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Kazmi N, Robinson T, Zheng J, Kar S, Martin RM, Ridley AJ. Rho GTPase gene expression and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1463. [PMID: 35087170 PMCID: PMC8795400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase family consists of 20 genes encoding intracellular signalling proteins that influence cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle progression. They are implicated in breast cancer progression but their role in breast cancer aetiology is unknown. As aberrant Rho GTPase activity could be associated with breast cancer, we aimed to determine the potential for a causal role of Rho GTPase gene expression in breast cancer risk, using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). MR was undertaken in 122,977 breast cancer cases and 105,974 controls, including 69,501 estrogen receptor positive (ER+) cases and 105,974 controls, and 21,468 ER negative (ER-) cases and 105,974 controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) underlying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) obtained from normal breast tissue, breast cancer tissue and blood were used as genetic instruments for Rho GTPase expression. As a sensitivity analysis, we undertook co-localisation to examine whether findings reflected shared causal variants or genomic confounding. We identified genetic instruments for 14 of the 20 human Rho GTPases. Using eQTLs obtained from normal breast tissue and normal blood, we identified evidence of a causal role of RHOD in overall and ER+ breast cancers (overall breast cancer: odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in expression level 1.06; (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.09; P = 5.65 × 10-5) and OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.11, 1.35; P = 5.22 × 10-5) in normal breast tissue and blood respectively). There was a consistent direction of association for ER- breast cancer, although the effect-estimate was imprecisely estimated. Using eQTLs from breast cancer tissue and normal blood there was some evidence that CDC42 was negatively associated with overall and ER + breast cancer risk. The evidence from colocalization analyses strongly supported our MR results particularly for RHOD. Our study suggests a potential causal role of increased RHOD gene expression, and, although the evidence is weaker, a potential protective role for CDC42 gene expression, in overall and ER+ breast cancers. These finding warrant validation in independent samples and further biological investigation to assess whether they may be suitable targets for drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Kazmi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Tim Robinson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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211
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Liu Y, Gu W. p53 in ferroptosis regulation: the new weapon for the old guardian. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:895-910. [PMID: 35087226 PMCID: PMC9091200 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. Among these unconventional activities, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, termed ferroptosis, attracts great interest. Unlike apoptotic cell death, activation of p53 alone is not sufficient to induce ferroptosis directly; instead, through its metabolic targets, p53 is able to modulate the ferroptosis response in the presence of ferroptosis inducers such as GPX4 inhibitors or high levels of ROS. Here, we review the role of ferroptosis in p53-mediated tumor suppression, with a focus on what cellular factors are critical for p53-dependent ferroptosis during tumor suppression and how p53 modulates both the canonical (GPX4-dependent) and the non-canonical (GPX4-independent) ferroptosis pathways. We also discuss the possibility of targeting p53-mediated ferroptotic responses for the treatment of human cancers and potentially, other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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212
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Tarangelo A, Rodencal J, Kim JT, Magtanong L, Long JZ, Dixon SJ. Nucleotide biosynthesis links glutathione metabolism to ferroptosis sensitivity. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101157. [PMID: 35074928 PMCID: PMC8807879 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 inhibits ferroptosis by reducing the consumption of glutathione in nucleotide biosynthesis. Nucleotide synthesis is a metabolically demanding process essential for DNA replication and other processes in the cell. Several anticancer drugs that inhibit nucleotide metabolism induce apoptosis. How inhibition of nucleotide metabolism impacts non-apoptotic cell death is less clear. Here, we report that inhibition of nucleotide metabolism by the p53 pathway is sufficient to suppress the non-apoptotic cell death process of ferroptosis. Mechanistically, stabilization of wild-type p53 and induction of the p53 target gene CDKN1A (p21) leads to decreased expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunits RRM1 and RRM2. RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo nucleotide synthesis that reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in a glutathione-dependent manner. Direct inhibition of RNR results in conservation of intracellular glutathione, limiting the accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides and preventing the onset of ferroptosis in response to cystine deprivation. These results support a mechanism linking p53-dependent regulation of nucleotide metabolism to non-apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tarangelo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason Rodencal
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joon Tae Kim
- Department of Pathology and Stanford, Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology and Stanford, Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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213
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Xu J, Xiao X, Yan B, Yuan Q, Dong X, Du Q, Zhang J, Shan L, Ding Z, Zhou L, Efferth T. Green tea-derived theabrownin induces cellular senescence and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through p53 signaling activation and bypassed JNK signaling suppression. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:39. [PMID: 35078476 PMCID: PMC8788116 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Theabrownin (TB) is a bioactive component of tea and has been reported to exert effects against many human cancers, but its efficacy and mechanism on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different p53 genotypes remains unclarified.
Methods
MTT assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry and SA-β-gal staining were applied to evaluate the effects of TB on HCC cells. Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of TB. A xenograft model of zebrafish was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of TB.
Results
MTT assays showed that TB significantly inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep-1, HepG2, and Huh7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, of which SK-Hep-1 was the most sensitive one with the lowest IC50 values. The animal data showed that TB remarkably suppressed SK-Hep-1 tumor growth in xenograft model of zebrafish. The cellular data showed TB's pro-apoptotic and pro-senescent effect on SK-Hep-1 cells. The molecular results revealed the mechanism of TB that p53 signaling pathway (p-ATM, p-ATR, γ-H2AX, p-Chk2, and p-p53) was activated with up-regulation of downstream senescent genes (P16, P21, IL-6 and IL-8) as well as apoptotic genes (Bim, Bax and PUMA) and proteins (Bax, c-Casp9 and c-PARP). The p53-mediated mechanism was verified by using p53-siRNA. Moreover, by using JNK-siRNA, we found JNK as a bypass regulator in TB's mechanism.
Conclusions
To sum up, TB exerted tumor-inhibitory, pro-senescent and pro-apoptotic effects on SK-Hep-1 cells through ATM-Chk2-p53 signaling axis in accompany with JNK bypass regulation. This is the first report on the pro-senescent effect and multi-target (p53 and JNK) mechanism of TB on HCC cells, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of TB's anti-HCC efficacy.
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214
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Abstract
Biological dosimetry is an internationally recognized method for quantifying and estimating radiation dose following suspected or verified excessive exposure to ionising radiation. In severe radiation accidents where a large number of people are potentially affected, it is possible to distinguish irradiated from non-irradiated people in order to initiate appropriate medical care if necessary. In addition to severe incidents caused by technical failure, environmental disasters, military actions, or criminal abuse, there are also radiation accidents in which only one or a few individuals are affected in the frame of occupational or medical exposure. The requirements for biological dosimetry are fundamentally different for these two scenarios. In particular, for large-scale radiation accidents, pre-screening methods are necessary to increase the throughput of samples for a rough first-dose categorization. The rapid development and increasing use of omics methods in research as well as in individual applications provides new opportunities for biological dosimetry. In addition to the discovery and search for new biomarkers, dosimetry assays based on omics technologies are becoming increasingly interesting and hold great potential, especially for large-scale dosimetry. In the following review, the different areas of biological dosimetry, the problems in finding suitable biomarkers, the current status of biomarker research based on omics, the potential applications of assays using omics technologies, and also the limitations for the different areas of biological dosimetry are discussed.
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215
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Liu Q, Sheng L, Liu YY, Gao T, Wang H, Liu Y, Cao A. A potential inhibitor of MDM2 by restoring the native conformation of the p53 α-helical peptide on gold nanoparticles. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100623. [PMID: 35037401 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to develop inhibitors of MDM2 as potential drugs for cancer therapy. In this work, we use our previous developed conformational engineering technique to stabilize the binding conformation of the p53 transcription activation domain (TAD) peptide on gold NPs (AuNPs), and create an AuNP-based anti-MDM2 artificial antibody, denoted as Goldbody, that specifically binds MDM2. Though the free TAD peptide is unstructured, circular dichroism spectra confirm that its α-helical conformation in the original p53 protein is restored on the anti-MDM2 Goldbody, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments confirm that there is strong specific interaction between the anti-MDM2 Goldbody and MDM2, demonstrating the anti-MDM2 Goldbody as a potential inhibitor of MDM2. This work demonstrates that the conformational engineering technique is not limited to the antigen-antibody systems, but can also be applied more widely in other protein-protein interfaces to create more and more artificial proteins for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, CHINA
| | - Lingjie Sheng
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, CHINA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, CHINA
| | - Tiange Gao
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, CHINA
| | - Haifang Wang
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, CHINA
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, No.99 Shangda Rd. Rm201, Bldg. E, 200444, Shanghai, CHINA
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216
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Sato A, Kraynak J, Marciscano AE, Galluzzi L. Radiation therapy: An old dog learning new tricks. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 172:xiii-xxiii. [PMID: 36064230 PMCID: PMC10087864 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(22)00139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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217
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Marques MA, de Andrade GC, Silva JL, de Oliveira GAP. Protein of a thousand faces: The tumor-suppressive and oncogenic responses of p53. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:944955. [PMID: 36090037 PMCID: PMC9452956 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.944955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a pleiotropic regulator working as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene. Depending on the cellular insult and the mutational status, p53 may trigger opposing activities such as cell death or survival, senescence and cell cycle arrest or proliferative signals, antioxidant or prooxidant activation, glycolysis, or oxidative phosphorylation, among others. By augmenting or repressing specific target genes or directly interacting with cellular partners, p53 accomplishes a particular set of activities. The mechanism in which p53 is activated depends on increased stability through post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the formation of higher-order structures (HOS). The intricate cell death and metabolic p53 response are reviewed in light of gaining stability via PTM and HOS formation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Marques
- *Correspondence: Mayra A. Marques, ; Guilherme A. P. de Oliveira,
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218
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Kim J, Ahn D, Park CJ. Biophysical investigation of the dual binding surfaces of human transcription factors FOXO4 and p53. FEBS J 2021; 289:3163-3182. [PMID: 34954873 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is protective against external oncogenic stress, but its accumulation causes aging-related diseases. Forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) and p53 are human transcription factors known to promote senescence by interacting with each other and activating p21 transcription. Inhibition of the interaction is a strategy for inducing apoptosis of senescent cells, but the binding surfaces that mediate the FOXO4-p53 interaction remain elusive. Here, we investigated two binding sites involved in the interaction between FOXO4 and p53 by NMR spectroscopy. NMR chemical shift perturbation analysis showed that the binding between FOXO4's forkhead domain (FHD) and p53's transactivation domain (TAD), and between FOXO4's C-terminal transactivation domain (CR3) and p53's DNA-binding domain (DBD), mediate the FOXO4-p53 interaction. Isothermal titration calorimetry data showed that both interactions have micromolar Kd values, and FOXO4 FHD-p53 TAD interaction has a higher binding affinity. We also showed that the intramolecular CR3-binding surface of FOXO4 FHD interacts with p53 TAD2, and FOXO4 CR3 interacts with the DNA/p53 TAD-binding surface of p53 DBD, suggesting a network of potentially competitive and/or coordinated interactions. Based on these results, we propose that a network of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions contributes to the two transcription factors' proper localisation on the p21 promoter and consequently promotes p21 transcription and cell senescence. This work provides structural information at the molecular level that is key to understanding the interplay of two proteins responsible for cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
| | - Dabin Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
| | - Chin-Ju Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
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219
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Khare VM, Saxena VK, Pasternak MA, Nyinawabera A, Singh KB, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens. Genes Immun 2021; 23:12-22. [PMID: 34934184 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune genes play an important role in the immune responses to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumor formation and metastasis. Here, we determined in vivo expression of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in Synthetic Broiler Dam Line (SDL) chickens following RSV-A infection. The mRNA expression of genes was determined at the primary site of infection and in different organs of progressor, regressor and non-responder chicks, using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a significant upregulation of: (1) chemokines, such as MIP1β and RANTES, (2) the innate immune gene TLR4, and (3) p53, a tumor-suppressor gene, at the site of primary infection in progressor chickens. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was significantly downregulated in progressor chicks compared to uninfected, control chicks. All of the innate immune genes were significantly upregulated in the lungs and liver of the progressor and regressor chicks compared to control chicks. In the spleen of progressor chicks, RANTES, iNOS and p53 gene expression were significantly increased, whereas MIP1β and TLR4 gene expression was significantly downregulated, compared to control chicks. The lungs and livers of non-responder chicks expressed a low level of iNOS and MIP1β, whereas RANTES, TLR4, and p53 gene expression were significantly upregulated compared to uninfected control chicks. In addition, there was a significant downregulation of RANTES, MIP1β, and TLR4 gene expression in non-responder chicks. These results suggest the different response to infection of chicks with RSV-A is due to differential changes in the expression of innate immune genes in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India.
| | - Vishesh K Saxena
- Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Kunwar B Singh
- Animal Science Department, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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220
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang D, Li M, Yan H, Zhang H, Song L, Wang J, Hou Z, Yang Y, Zou X. p66α Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Migration by Acting as Co-Activator of p53. Cells 2021; 10:3593. [PMID: 34944103 PMCID: PMC8700327 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
p66α is a GATA zinc finger domain-containing transcription factor that has been shown to be essential for gene silencing by participating in the NuRD complex. Several studies have suggested that p66α is a risk gene for a wide spectrum of diseases such as diabetes, schizophrenia, and breast cancer; however, its biological role has not been defined. Here, we report that p66α functions as a tumor suppressor to inhibit breast cancer cell growth and migration, evidenced by the fact that the depletion of p66α results in accelerated tumor growth and migration of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, immunoprecipitation assays identify p66α as a p53-interacting protein that binds the DNA-binding domain of p53 molecule predominantly via its CR2 domain. Depletion of p66α in multiple breast cells results in decreased expression of p53 target genes, while over-expression of p66α results in increased expression of these target genes. Moreover, p66α promotes the transactivity of p53 by enhancing p53 binding at target promoters. Together, these findings demonstrate that p66α is a tumor suppressor by functioning as a co-activator of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yihong Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Han Yan
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liwei Song
- Shanghai Pulmonary Tumor Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China;
- Naruiboen Biomedical Technology Corporation Limited, Linyi 277700, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yunhai Yang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Tumor Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Xiuqun Zou
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Gong X, Tian M, Cao N, Yang P, Xu Z, Zheng S, Liao Q, Chen C, Zeng C, Jose PA, Wang DZ, Jian Z, Xiao Y, Jiang DS, Wei X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Chen K, Wu G, Zeng C. Circular RNA circEsyt2 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell remodeling via splicing regulation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:147031. [PMID: 34907911 DOI: 10.1172/jci147031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recently recognized as playing a role in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling-related diseases by modulating the functions of miRNAs. However, the interplay between circRNAs and proteins during vascular remodeling remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated a previously identified circRNA, circEsyt2, whose expression is known to be upregulated during vascular remodeling. Loss- and gain-of‑function mutation analyses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) revealed that circEsyt2 enhanced cell proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis and differentiation. Furthermore, the silencing of circEsyt2 in vivo reduced neointima formation, while circEsyt2 overexpression enhanced neointimal hyperplasia in the injured carotid artery, confirming its role in vascular remodeling. Using unbiased protein-RNA screening and molecular validation, circEsyt2 was found to directly interact with polyC-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), an RNA splicing factor, and regulate PCBP1 intracellular localization. Additionally, circEsyt2 silencing substantially enhanced p53β splicing via the PCBP1-U2AF65 interaction, leading to the altered expression of p53 target genes (cyclin D1, p21, PUMA, and NOXA) and the decreased proliferation of VSMCs. Thus, we identified a potentially novel circRNA that regulated vascular remodeling, via altered RNA splicing, in atherosclerotic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Peili Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Cindy Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhao Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingbin Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
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222
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Mi S, Tang Y, Dari G, Shi Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu X, Liu Y, Tahir U, Yu Y. Transcriptome sequencing analysis for the identification of stable lncRNAs associated with bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:120. [PMID: 34895356 PMCID: PMC8667444 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) mastitis is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in lactating dairy cows worldwide. S. aureus with different lineages leads to different host immune responses. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to be widely involved in the progress of inflammation. However, no research has identified stable lncRNAs among different S. aureus strain infections. In addition, folic acid (FA) can effectively reduce inflammation, and whether the inflammatory response caused by S. aureus can be reduced by FA remains to be explored. Methods lncRNA transcripts were identified from Holstein mammary gland tissues infected with different concentrations of S. aureus (in vivo) and mammary alveolar cells (Mac-T cells, in vitro) challenged with different S. aureus strains. Differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were evaluated, and stable DE lncRNAs were identified in vivo and in vitro. On the basis of the gene sequence conservation and function conservation across species, key lncRNAs with the function of potentially immune regulation were retained for further analysis. The function of FA on inflammation induced by S. aureus challenge was also investigated. Then, the association analysis between these keys lncRNA transcripts and hematological parameters (HPs) was carried out. Lastly, the knockdown and overexpression of the important lncRNA were performed to validate the gene function on the regulation of cell immune response. Results Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the expression levels of lncRNA shared by mammary tissue and Mac-T cells (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.3517). lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2–AS1 could be regarded as stable markers associated with bovine S. aureus mastitis. Several HPs could be influenced by SNPs around lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2–AS1. The results of gene function validation showed PRANCR regulates the mRNA expression of SELPLG and ITGB2 within the S. aureus infection pathway and the Mac-T cells apoptosis. In addition, FA regulated the expression change of DE lncRNA involved in toxin metabolism and inflammation to fight against S. aureus infection. Conclusions The remarkable association between SNPs around these two lncRNAs and partial HP indicates the potentially important role of PRANCR and TNK2–AS1 in immune regulation. Stable DE lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2–AS1 can be regarded as potential targets for the prevention of bovine S. aureus mastitis. FA supplementation can reduce the negative effect of S. aureus challenge by regulating the expression of lncRNAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00639-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongjie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gerile Dari
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanjun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yibing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Usman Tahir
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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223
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Nagpal I, Yuan ZM. The Basally Expressed p53-Mediated Homeostatic Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:775312. [PMID: 34888311 PMCID: PMC8650216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.775312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from mutations in the p53 gene, p53 functions can be alternatively compromised by a decrease in nuclear p53 protein levels or activities. In accordance, enhanced p53 protein turnover due to elevated expression of the critical p53 E3 ligase MDM2 or MDM2/MDMX is found in many human cancers. Likewise, the HPV viral E6 protein-mediated p53 degradation critically contributes to the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. In addition, growth-promoting signaling-induced cell proliferation is accompanied by p53 downregulation. Animal studies have also shown that loss of p53 is essential for oncogenes to drive malignant transformation. The close association between p53 downregulation and carcinogenesis implicates a critical role of basally expressed p53. In accordance, available evidence indicates that a reduced level of basal p53 is usually associated with disruption of homeostasis, suggesting a homeostatic function mediated by basal p53. However, basally expressed p53 under non-stress conditions is maintained at a relatively low abundance with little transcriptional activity, raising the question of how basal p53 could protect homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the findings pertinent to basal p53-mediated activities in the hope of developing a model in which basally expressed p53 functions as a barrier to anabolic metabolism to preserve homeostasis. Future investigation is necessary to characterize basal p53 functionally and to obtain an improved understanding of p53 homeostatic function, which would offer novel insight into the role of p53 in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Nagpal
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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224
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Cuello C, Martinez CA, Cambra JM, González-Plaza A, Parrilla I, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Gil MA, Martinez EA. Vitrification Effects on the Transcriptome of in vivo-Derived Porcine Morulae. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:771996. [PMID: 34869745 PMCID: PMC8633305 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the reported promising farrowing rates after non-surgical and surgical transfers of vitrified porcine morulae and blastocysts produced in vivo (range: 70–75%), the pregnancy loss is 5–15 fold higher with vitrified than with fresh embryos. The present study aimed to investigate whether vitrification affects the transcriptome of porcine morulae, using microarrays and RT-qPCR validation. Morulae were obtained surgically from weaned sows (n = 13) on day 6 (day 0 = estrus onset). A total of 60 morulae were vitrified (treatment group). After 1 week of storage, the vitrified morulae were warmed. Vitrified-warmed and non-vitrified fresh morulae (control; n = 40) were cultured for 24 h to assess embryo survival by stereomicroscopy after. A total of 30 vitrified/warmed embryos that were deemed viable and 30 fresh control embryos (three pools of 10 for each experimental group) were selected for microarray analysis. Gene expression was assessed with a GeneChip® Porcine Genome Array (Affymetrix). An ANOVA analysis p-unadjusted <0.05 and a fold change cut-off of ±1.5 were set to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Data analysis and biological interpretation were performed using the Partek Genomic Suite 7.0 software. The survival rate of morulae after vitrification and warming (92.0 ± 8.3%) was similar to that of the control (100%). A total of 233 DEGs were identified in vitrified morulae (38 upregulated and 195 downregulated), compared to the control group. Nine pathways were significantly modified. Go-enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly related to the Biological Process functional group. Up-regulated DEGs were involved in glycosaminoglycan degradation, metabolic pathways and tryptophan metabolism KEGG pathways. The pathways related to the down-regulated DEGs were glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, protein export and fatty acid elongation. The disruption of metabolic pathways in morulae could be related to impaired embryo quality and developmental potential, despite the relatively high survival rates after warming observed in vitro. In conclusion, vitrification altered the gene expression pattern of porcine morulae produced in vivo, generating alterations in the transcriptome that may interfere with subsequent embryo development and pregnancy after embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cuello
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina A Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Josep M Cambra
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Plaza
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria A Gil
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum," Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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225
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Ma W, Qiu Z, Bai Z, Dai Y, Li C, Chen X, Song X, Shi D, Zhou Y, Pan Y, Liao Y, Liao M, Zhou Z. Inhibition of microRNA-30a alleviates vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:678-693. [PMID: 34703652 PMCID: PMC8517099 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The excessive and ectopic pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are crucial to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arteriole (PA) remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We previously found that microRNA (miR)-30a was significantly increased in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and animals, as well as in cultured cardiomyocytes after hypoxia, suggesting that it might be strongly associated with hypoxia-related diseases. Here, we investigated the role of miR-30a in the PASMC remodeling of PAH. The expression of miR-30a was higher in the serum of PAH patients compared with healthy controls. miR-30a was mainly expressed in PAs and was increased in PASMCs after hypoxia, mediating the downregulation of p53 tumor suppressor protein (P53). Genetic knockout of miR-30a effectively decreased right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure (RVSP), PA, and RV remodeling in the Su5416/hypoxia-induced and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH animals. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of miR-30a via intratracheal liquid instillation (IT-L) delivery strategy showed high efficiency, which downregulated miR-30a to mitigate disease phenotype in the Su5416/hypoxia-induced PAH animals, and these beneficial effects could be partially reduced by simultaneous P53 inhibition. We demonstrate that inhibition of miR-30a could ameliorate experimental PAH through the miR-30a/P53 signaling pathway, and the IT-L delivery strategy shows good therapeutic outcomes, providing a novel and promising approach for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zeyang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dingyang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yajie Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengyang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Corresponding author: Mengyang Liao, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zihua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Corresponding author: Zihua Zhou, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
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226
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Chen LL, Wang WJ. p53 regulates lipid metabolism in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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227
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Andersen HB, Ialchina R, Pedersen SF, Czaplinska D. Metabolic reprogramming by driver mutation-tumor microenvironment interplay in pancreatic cancer: new therapeutic targets. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1093-1114. [PMID: 34855109 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers globally with a mortality rate exceeding 95% and very limited therapeutic options. A hallmark of PDAC is its acidic tumor microenvironment, further characterized by excessive fibrosis and depletion of oxygen and nutrients due to poor vascularity. The combination of PDAC driver mutations and adaptation to this hostile environment drives extensive metabolic reprogramming of the cancer cells toward non-canonical metabolic pathways and increases reliance on scavenging mechanisms such as autophagy and macropinocytosis. In addition, the cancer cells benefit from metabolic crosstalk with nonmalignant cells within the tumor microenvironment, including pancreatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial and immune cells. Increasing evidence shows that this metabolic rewiring is closely related to chemo- and radioresistance and immunosuppression, causing extensive treatment failure. Indeed, stratification of human PDAC tumors into subtypes based on their metabolic profiles was shown to predict disease outcome. Accordingly, an increasing number of clinical trials target pro-tumorigenic metabolic pathways, either as stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight key findings and potential future directions of pancreatic cancer metabolism research, specifically focusing on novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Berg Andersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renata Ialchina
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dominika Czaplinska
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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228
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Chen LL, Wang WJ. p53 regulates lipid metabolism in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:45-54. [PMID: 34619274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reprogrammed cell metabolism is a well-accepted hallmark of cancer. Metabolism changes provide energy and precursors for macromolecule biosynthesis to satisfy the survival needs of cancer cells. The specific changes in different aspects of lipid metabolism in cancer cells have been focused in recent years. These changes can affect cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and motility through affecting membranes synthesis, energy homeostasis and cell signaling. The tumor suppressor p53 plays vital roles in the control of cell proliferation, senescence, DNA repair, and cell death in cancer through various transcriptional and non-transcriptional activities. Accumulating evidences indicate that p53 also regulates cellular metabolism, which appears to contribute to its tumor suppressive functions. Particularly the role of p53 in regulating lipid metabolism has gained more and more attention in recent decades. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the function of p53 on lipid metabolism in cancer. Further understanding and research on the role of p53 in lipid metabolism regulation will provide a potential therapeutic window for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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229
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p53: A Double-Edged Sword in Tumor Ferroptosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 177:106013. [PMID: 34856333 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of lipid peroxidation-induced cell death that can be regulated in various ways, from changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes to the levels of transcription factors. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is the "guardian of the genome" and is involved in controlling cell survival and division under various pressures. In addition to its effects on apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle, p53, through the way of transcription dependent or independent two-way, also regulates the biological processes of tumor cell sensitivity to ferroptosis, including the metabolism of amino acids, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and lipid peroxidation, as well as the biosynthesis of glutathione, phospholipids, NADPH and coenzyme Q10.As reviewed here, we summarized the metabolic network of p53 and its signaling pathway in regulating ferroptosis and elucidated possible factors and potential clinical application of p53 regulating ferroptosis. This review will provide a basis for further understanding the role of p53 in tumor ferroptosis and new strategies for cancer therapeutic avenues.
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230
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Chen D, Ping S, Xu Y, Wang M, Jiang X, Xiong L, Zhang L, Yu H, Xiong Z. Non-Coding RNAs in Gastric Cancer: From Malignant Hallmarks to Clinical Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:732036. [PMID: 34805143 PMCID: PMC8595133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Over the past decades, advances in RNA-sequencing techniques have greatly facilitated the identification of various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer cells, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Accumulating evidence has revealed that ncRNAs are essential regulators in GC occurrence and development. However, ncRNAs represent an emerging field of cancer research, and their complex functionality remains to be clarified. Considering the lack of viable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GC, further studies should focus on elucidating the intricate relationships between ncRNAs and GC, which can be translated into clinical practice. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on how ncRNAs modulate the malignant hallmarks of GC, especially in tumor immune escape, drug resistance, and stemness. We also discuss the promising applications of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GC, aiming to validate their practical value for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Ping
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yushuang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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231
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Freire TS, Mori MP, Miranda JNFA, Muta LYM, Machado FT, Moreno NC, Souza-Pinto NC. Increased H2O2 levels and p53 stabilization lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in XPC-deficient cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1380-1389. [PMID: 34447990 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
XPC deficiency is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, increased mitochondrial H2O2 production and sensitivity to the Complex III inhibitor antimycin A (AA), through a yet unclear mechanism. We found an imbalanced expression of several proteins that participate in important mitochondrial function and increased expression and phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 in Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) (XPC-null) cells compared with an isogenic line corrected in locus with wild-type XPC (XPC-wt). Interestingly, inhibition of p53 nuclear import reversed the overexpression of mitochondrial proteins, whereas AA treatment increased p53 expression more strongly in the XP-C cells. However, inhibition of p53 substantially increased XP-C cellular sensitivity to AA treatment, suggesting that p53 is a critical factor mediating the cellular response to mitochondrial stress. On the other hand, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine increased glutathione concentration and decreased basal H2O2 production, p53 levels and sensitivity to AA treatment in the XPC-null back to the levels found in XPC-wt cells. Thus, the results suggest a critical role for mitochondrially generated H2O2 in the regulation of p53 expression, which in turn modulates XP-C sensitivity to agents that cause mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - M P Mori
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - J N F A Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - L Y M Muta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - F T Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - N C Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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232
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Zheng Y, Lei T, Jin G, Guo H, Zhang N, Chai J, Xie M, Xu Y, Wang T, Liu J, Shen Y, Song Y, Wang B, Yu J, Yang M. LncPSCA in the 8q24.3 risk locus drives gastric cancer through destabilizing DDX5. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52707. [PMID: 34472665 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple gastric cancer risk loci and several protein-coding susceptibility genes. However, the role of long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from these risk loci in gastric cancer development and progression remains to be explored. Here, we functionally characterize a lncRNA, lncPSCA, as a novel tumor suppressor whose expression is fine-regulated by a gastric cancer risk-associated genetic variant. The rs2978980 T > G change in an intronic enhancer of lncPSCA interrupts binding of transcription factor RORA, which down-regulates lncPSCA expression in an allele-specific manner. LncPSCA interacts with DDX5 and promotes DDX5 degradation through ubiquitination. Increased expression of lncPSCA results in low levels of DDX5, less RNA polymerase II (Pol II) binding with DDX5 in the nucleus, thus activating transcription of multiple p53 signaling genes by Pol II. These findings highlight the importance of functionally annotating lncRNAs in GWAS risk loci and the great potential of modulating lncRNAs as innovative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianshui Lei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nasha Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yeyang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tianpei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yemei Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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233
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Fang X, Shrestha SM, Ren L, Shi R. Biological and clinical implications of metastasis-associated circular RNAs in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2870-2887. [PMID: 34510785 PMCID: PMC8564336 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality as a result of early metastasis and poor prognosis. Metastasis is a multistep process, involving various signalling pathways. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed noncoding RNAs, the aberrant expression of which is reported to be involved in several biological events, including cell transformation, proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and metastasis. Several studies have reported interactions between circRNAs and metastasis-associated signalling pathways. The abundance, stability and highly specific expression of candidate circRNAs make them potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OSCC. In this review article, we comprehensively describe metastasis-related circRNAs and their interactions with epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated molecules. We also describe the molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of circRNAs in OSCC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Medical CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | - Li‐Hua Ren
- Medical CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongda HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rui‐hua Shi
- Medical CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongda HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
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234
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Yang X, Wang X, Li Z, Duan S, Li H, Jin J, Zhang Z, Gu W. An unexpected role for Dicer as a reader of the unacetylated DNA binding domain of p53 in transcriptional regulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi6684. [PMID: 34705508 PMCID: PMC8550248 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, we identified Dicer as a major cellular factor that recognizes the DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 in a manner dependent on its acetylation status. Upon binding the unacetylated DBD, Dicer is recruited to the promoters of p53 target genes, where it represses p53-mediated transcriptional activation. Conversely, knockdown or knockout of endogenous Dicer leads to up-regulation of p53-mediated transcriptional activation without increasing its protein levels. Moreover, Dicer-mediated repression is independent of its intrinsic endoribonuclease activity; instead, Dicer directly represses transcription by recruiting the SUV39H1 histone methyltransferase. However, upon DNA damage, Dicer-mediated repression is abrogated by stress-induced acetylation at the DBD of p53. Notably, the inability of acetylation-defective p53-3KR in transcription is partially but significantly restored upon loss of Dicer expression. Our study reveals that Dicer acts as an unexpected acetylation “reader” for p53 and thus has important implications regarding the mechanism of acetylation-mediated regulation of p53 transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xingwu Wang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhiming Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shoufu Duan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
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235
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Wang M, Attardi LD. A Balancing Act: p53 Activity from Tumor Suppression to Pathology and Therapeutic Implications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 17:205-226. [PMID: 34699262 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-025840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
TP53, encoding the p53 transcription factor, is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene across all human cancer types. While p53 has long been appreciated to induce antiproliferative cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence programs in response to diverse stress signals, various studies in recent years have revealed additional important functions for p53 that likely also contribute to tumor suppression, including roles in regulating tumor metabolism, ferroptosis, signaling in the tumor microenvironment, and stem cell self-renewal/differentiation. Not only does p53 loss or mutation cause cancer, but hyperactive p53 also drives various pathologies, including developmental phenotypes, premature aging, neurodegeneration, and side effects of cancer therapies. These findings underscore the importance of balanced p53 activity and influence our thinking of how to best develop cancer therapies based on modulating the p53 pathway. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, Volume 17 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Department of Genetics and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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236
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Jaiswal SK, Raj S, DePamphilis ML. Developmental Acquisition of p53 Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111675. [PMID: 34828285 PMCID: PMC8622856 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkably, the p53 transcription factor, referred to as “the guardian of the genome”, is not essential for mammalian development. Moreover, efforts to identify p53-dependent developmental events have produced contradictory conclusions. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of mammalian development, and their applications in regenerative medicine and disease, resolving these conflicts is essential. Here we attempt to reconcile disparate data into justifiable conclusions predicated on reports that p53-dependent transcription is first detected in late mouse blastocysts, that p53 activity first becomes potentially lethal during gastrulation, and that apoptosis does not depend on p53. Furthermore, p53 does not regulate expression of genes required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs); it contributes to ESC genomic stability and differentiation. Depending on conditions, p53 accelerates initiation of apoptosis in ESCs in response to DNA damage, but cell cycle arrest as well as the rate and extent of apoptosis in ESCs are p53-independent. In embryonic fibroblasts, p53 induces cell cycle arrest to allow repair of DNA damage, and cell senescence to prevent proliferation of cells with extensive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K. Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Melvin L. DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence:
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237
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Chen C, Wang T, Yang M, Song J, Huang M, Bai Y, Su H. Genomic Profiling of Blood-Derived Circulating Tumor DNA from Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609879. [PMID: 34720757 PMCID: PMC8553707 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Biliary tract cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with poor clinical outcome. Accumulating evidence indicates targeted therapeutics may provide new hope for improving treatment response in BTC, hence better understanding the genomic profile is particularly important. Since tumor tissue may not be available for some patients, a complementary method is urgently needed. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides a noninvasive means for detecting genomic alterations, and has been regarded as a promising tool to guide clinical therapies. Methods: Next-generation sequencing of 150 cancer-related genes was used to detect gene alterations in blood-derived ctDNA from 154 Chinese patients with BTC. Genomic alterations were analyzed and compared with an internal tissue genomic database and TCGA database. Results: 94.8% patients had at least one change detected in their ctDNA. The median maximum somatic allele frequency was 6.47% (ranging 0.1-34.8%). TP53 and KRAS were the most often mutated genes. The frequencies of single nucleotide variation in commonly mutated genes in ctDNA were similar to those detected in tissue samples, TP53 (35.1 vs. 40.4%) and KRAS (20.1 vs. 22.6%). Pathway analysis revealed that mutated genes were mapped to several key pathways including PI3K-Akt, p53, ErbB and Ras signaling pathway. In addition, patients harboring LRP1B, TP53, and ErbB family mutations presented significantly higher tumor mutation burden. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that ctDNA testing by NGS was feasible in revealing genomic changes and could be a viable alternative to tissue biopsy in patients with metastatic BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Mengmei Yang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Song
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengli Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuezong Bai
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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238
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Zeng D, Hu Z, Yi Y, Valeria B, Shan G, Chen Z, Zhan C, Lin M, Lin Z, Wang Q. Differences in genetics and microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma patients with or without TP53 mutation. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 34635074 PMCID: PMC8507221 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Differences in genetics and microenvironment of LUAD patients with or without TP53 mutation were analyzed to illustrate the role of TP53 mutation within the carcinogenesis of LUAD, which will provide new concepts for the treatment of LUAD. Methods
In this study, we used genetics and clinical info from the TCGA database, including somatic mutations data, RNA-seq, miRNA-seq, and clinical data. More than one bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the unique genomic pattern of TP53-related LUAD. Results According to TP53 gene mutation status, we divided the LUAD patients into two groups, including 265 in the mutant group (MU) and 295 in the wild-type group (WT). 787 significant somatic mutations were detected between the groups, including mutations in titin (TTN), type 2 ryanodine receptor (RYR2) and CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3(CSMD3), which were up-regulated in the MU. However, no significant survival difference was observed. At the RNA level, we obtained 923 significantly differentially expressed genes; in the MU, α-defensin 5(DEFA5), pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 5(PSG5) and neuropeptide Y(NPY) were the most up-regulated genes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carry gametocidal (GC) were the most down-regulated genes. GSVA analysis revealed 30 significant pathways. Compared with the WT, the expression of 12 pathways in the mutant group was up-regulated, most of which pointed to cell division. There were significant differences in tumor immune infiltrating cells, such as Macrophages M1, T cells CD4 memory activated, Mast cells resting, and Dendritic cells resting. In terms of immune genes, a total of 35 immune-related genes were screened, of which VGF (VGF nerve growth factor inducible) and PGC (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator) were the most significant up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively. Research on the expression pattern of immunomodulators found that 9 immune checkpoint molecules and 6 immune costimulatory molecules were considerably wholly different between the two groups. Conclusions Taking the mutant group as a reference, LUAD patients in the mutant group had significant differences in somatic mutations, mRNA-seq, miRNA-seq, immune infiltration, and immunomodulators, indicating that TP53 mutation plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of LUAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01671-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanjun Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Besskaya Valeria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guangyao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Allicin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro via modulating the p53 pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7261-7272. [PMID: 34626309 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a most promising target for the development of anticancer drugs. Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is one of the most active components of garlic (Alliium sativum L.) and possesses a variety of health-promoting properties with pharmacological applications. However, whether allicin plays an anti-cancer role against breast cancer cells through the induction of p53-mediated apoptosis remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigate the anti-breast cancer effect of allicin in vitro by using MCF-7 and MD-MBA-231 cells. We found that allicin reduces cell viability, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in both cells. Allicin activated p53 and caspase 3 expressions in both cells but produced different effects on the expression of p53-related biomarkers. In MDA-MB-231 cells, allicin up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of A1BG and THBS1 while down-regulated the expression of TPM4. Conversely, the mRNA and protein expression of A1BG, THBS1 and TPM4 were all reduced in MCF-7 cells. Hence, allicin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells through p53 activation but it effects on the expression of p53-related biomarkers were dependent upon the specific type of breast cancer involved. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that allicin induces apoptosis and regulates biomarker expression in breast cancer cell lines through modulating the p53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, our results promote the utility of allicin as compound for further studies as an anticancer drug targeting p53.
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Homayoonfal M, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. Targeting microRNAs with thymoquinone: a new approach for cancer therapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:43. [PMID: 34627167 PMCID: PMC8502376 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global disease involving transformation of normal cells into tumor types via numerous mechanisms, with mortality among all generations, in spite of the breakthroughs in chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or surgery for cancer treatment. Since one in six deaths is due to cancer, it is one of the overriding priorities of world health. Recently, bioactive natural compounds have been widely recognized due to their therapeutic effects for treatment of various chronic disorders, notably cancer. Thymoquinone (TQ), the most valuable constituent of black cumin seeds, has shown anti-cancer characteristics in a wide range of animal models. The revolutionary findings have revealed TQ's ability to regulate microRNA (miRNA) expression, offering a promising approach for cancer therapy. MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression by means of variation in features of mRNA. MiRNAs manage several biological processes including gene expression and cellular signaling pathways. Accordingly, miRNAs can be considered as hallmarks for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The purpose of this study was to review the various molecular mechanisms by which TQ exerts its potential as an anti-cancer agent through modulating miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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p53 Forms Redox-Dependent Protein-Protein Interactions through Cysteine 277. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101578. [PMID: 34679713 PMCID: PMC8533633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible cysteine oxidation plays an essential role in redox signaling by reversibly altering protein structure and function. Cysteine oxidation may lead to intra- and intermolecular disulfide formation, and the latter can drastically stabilize protein–protein interactions in a more oxidizing milieu. The activity of the tumor suppressor p53 is regulated at multiple levels, including various post-translational modification (PTM) and protein–protein interactions. In the past few decades, p53 has been shown to be a redox-sensitive protein, and undergoes reversible cysteine oxidation both in vitro and in vivo. It is not clear, however, whether p53 also forms intermolecular disulfides with interacting proteins and whether these redox-dependent interactions contribute to the regulation of p53. In the present study, by combining (co-)immunoprecipitation, quantitative mass spectrometry and Western blot we found that p53 forms disulfide-dependent interactions with several proteins under oxidizing conditions. Cysteine 277 is required for most of the disulfide-dependent interactions of p53, including those with 14-3-3θ and 53BP1. These interaction partners may play a role in fine-tuning p53 activity under oxidizing conditions.
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Sun H, Li L, Li W, Yang F, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Du W. p53 transcriptionally regulates SQLE to repress cholesterol synthesis and tumor growth. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52537. [PMID: 34459531 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for membrane biogenesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The role of cholesterol in cancer development and the regulation of cholesterol synthesis are still under active investigation. Here we show that under normal-sterol conditions, p53 directly represses the expression of SQLE, a rate-limiting and the first oxygenation enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, in a SREBP2-independent manner. Through transcriptional downregulation of SQLE, p53 represses cholesterol production in vivo and in vitro, leading to tumor growth suppression. Inhibition of SQLE using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or terbinafine (a SQLE inhibitor) reverses the increased cell proliferation caused by p53 deficiency. Conversely, SQLE overexpression or cholesterol addition promotes cell proliferation, particularly in p53 wild-type cells. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition or shRNA-mediated silencing of SQLE restricts nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-induced liver tumorigenesis in p53 knockout mice. Therefore, our findings reveal a role for p53 in regulating SQLE and cholesterol biosynthesis, and further demonstrate that downregulation of SQLE is critical for p53-mediated tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Liu JB, Chen K, Liu TB, Wang ZY, Wang L. Global transcriptome profiling reveals antagonizing response of head kidney of juvenile common carp exposed to glyphosate. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130823. [PMID: 34162096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) frequently detected in various water bodies has imposed a serious risk on fish. Head kidney of fish is an important defense organ, playing a vital part in antagonizing exogenous hazardous matter. The objective of this study was to characterize toxic mechanisms of GLY in head kidney of common carp based on transcriptome profiling. After 45-days exposure of GLY at environmentally relevant concentrations, juvenile common carp were used as experimental subjects to analyze how the head kidney responded to GLY. The transcriptome profiling identified 1381 different expressed genes (DEGs) between the control and exposure groups (5 and 50 mg/L). Functional analysis of DEGs substantiated over-representative pathways mainly involving cellular stress responses, cell proliferation and turnover, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and innate immune processes in both treated groups compared with the control group. Predicted network of gene regulation indicated that GLY-induced tp53 played a vital role in linking a battery of signals. Furthermore, the expression of 10 candidate genes by qRT-PCR aligned with transcriptional profiling. In addition, western blotting analysis confirmed that GLY-induced apoptosis and cellular proliferation were closely involved in activating MAKP signaling pathway and lipid metabolism pathway in both treated groups. Collectively, these data demonstrate that head kidney of juvenile common carp mainly leverages upregulation of genes related to cell proliferation and turnover, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism to combat sub-chronic exposure of GLY. This study casts new understanding into the risk of GLY in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Kai Chen
- New Drug Evaluation Center of Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City, Shandong Province, 250101, China
| | - Tian-Bin Liu
- New Drug Evaluation Center of Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City, Shandong Province, 250101, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Nishi M, Wang PY, Hwang PM. Cardiotoxicity of Cancer Treatments: Focus on Anthracycline Cardiomyopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2648-2660. [PMID: 34587760 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in developing new treatments and refining the use of preexisting ones against cancer. Their successful use and the longer survival of cancer patients have been associated with reports of new cardiotoxicities and the better characterization of the previously known cardiac complications. Immunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies against specific cancer-promoting genes, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been developed to fight cancer cells, but they can also show off-target effects on the heart. Some of these cardiotoxicities are thought to be due to nonspecific immune activation and inflammatory damage. Unlike immunotherapy-associated cardiotoxicities which are relatively new entities, there is extensive literature on anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. Here, we provide a brief overview of the cardiotoxicities of immunotherapies for the purpose of distinguishing them from anthracycline cardiomyopathy. This is especially relevant as the expansion of oncological treatments presents greater diagnostic challenges in determining the cause of cardiac dysfunction in cancer survivors with a history of multiple cancer treatments including anthracyclines and immunotherapies administered concurrently or serially over time. We then provide a focused review of the mechanisms proposed to underlie the development of anthracycline cardiomyopathy based on experimental data mostly in mouse models. Insights into its pathogenesis may stimulate the development of new strategies to identify patients who are susceptible to anthracycline cardiomyopathy while permitting low cardiac risk patients to receive optimal treatment for their cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishi
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ping-Yuan Wang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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245
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Fish EW, Tucker SK, Peterson RL, Eberhart JK, Parnell SE. Loss of tumor protein 53 protects against alcohol-induced facial malformations in mice and zebrafish. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1965-1979. [PMID: 34581462 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol exposure during the gastrulation stage of development causes the craniofacial and brain malformations that define fetal alcohol syndrome. These malformations, such as a deficient philtrum, are exemplified by a loss of midline tissue and correspond, at least in part, to regionally selective cell death in the embryo. The tumor suppressor protein Tp53 is an important mechanism for cell death, but the role of Tp53 in the consequences of alcohol exposure during the gastrulation stage has yet to be examined. The current studies used mice and zebrafish to test whether genetic loss of Tp53 is a conserved mechanism to protect against the effects of early developmental stage alcohol exposure. METHODS Female mice, heterozygous for a mutation in the Tp53 gene, were mated with Tp53 heterozygous males, and the resulting embryos were exposed during gastrulation on gestational day 7 (GD 7) to alcohol (two maternal injections of 2.9 g/kg, i.p., 4 h apart) or a vehicle control. Zebrafish mutants or heterozygotes for the tp53zdf1 M214K mutation and their wild-type controls were exposed to alcohol (1.5% or 2%) beginning 6 h postfertilization (hpf), the onset of gastrulation. RESULTS Examination of GD 17 mice revealed that eye defects were the most common phenotype among alcohol-exposed fetuses, occurring in nearly 75% of the alcohol-exposed wild-type fetuses. Tp53 gene deletion reduced the incidence of eye defects in both the heterozygous and mutant fetuses (to about 35% and 20% of fetuses, respectively) and completely protected against alcohol-induced facial malformations. Zebrafish (4 days postfertilization) also demonstrated alcohol-induced reductions of eye size and trabeculae length that were less common and less severe in tp53 mutants, indicating a protective effect of tp53 deletion. CONCLUSIONS These results identify an evolutionarily conserved role of Tp53 as a pathogenic mechanism for alcohol-induced teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Fish
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott K Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel L Peterson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Johann K Eberhart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Scott E Parnell
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Barili V, Vecchi A, Rossi M, Montali I, Tiezzi C, Penna A, Laccabue D, Missale G, Fisicaro P, Boni C. Unraveling the Multifaceted Nature of CD8 T Cell Exhaustion Provides the Molecular Basis for Therapeutic T Cell Reconstitution in Chronic Hepatitis B and C. Cells 2021; 10:2563. [PMID: 34685543 PMCID: PMC8533840 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections persistently elevated antigen levels drive CD8+ T cells toward a peculiar differentiation state known as T cell exhaustion, which poses crucial constraints to antiviral immunity. Available evidence indicates that T cell exhaustion is associated with a series of metabolic and signaling deregulations and with a very peculiar epigenetic status which all together lead to reduced effector functions. A clear mechanistic network explaining how intracellular metabolic derangements, transcriptional and signaling alterations so far described are interconnected in a comprehensive and unified view of the T cell exhaustion differentiation profile is still lacking. Addressing this issue is of key importance for the development of innovative strategies to boost host immunity in order to achieve viral clearance. This review will discuss the current knowledge in HBV and HCV infections, addressing how innate immunity, metabolic derangements, extensive stress responses and altered epigenetic programs may be targeted to restore functionality and responsiveness of virus-specific CD8 T cells in the context of chronic virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barili
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Marzia Rossi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Tiezzi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Amalia Penna
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
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p53-Dependent Repression: DREAM or Reality? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194850. [PMID: 34638334 PMCID: PMC8508069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor suppressor p53 is a complex cell signaling hub encompassing multiple transcription programs and governs a vast repertoire of biological responses. However, despite several decades of research, how p53 selects one program over another is still elusive. Recent attempts have used meta-analyses of p53 ChIP-seq data to determine the core p53 transcriptional program, conserved across different models and stimuli. This review highlights the complexity of the multiple layers of p53 regulation and the context specificity of p53 target genes. More specifically, we discuss the controversy over the mechanisms of p53-dependent transcriptional repression and its potential role in the flexibility of p53 response. Abstract p53 is a major tumor suppressor that integrates diverse types of signaling in mammalian cells. In response to a broad range of intra- or extra-cellular stimuli, p53 controls the expression of multiple target genes and elicits a vast repertoire of biological responses. The exact code by which p53 integrates the various stresses and translates them into an appropriate transcriptional response is still obscure. p53 is tightly regulated at multiple levels, leading to a wide diversity in p53 complexes on its target promoters and providing adaptability to its transcriptional program. As p53-targeted therapies are making their way into clinics, we need to understand how to direct p53 towards the desired outcome (i.e., cell death, senescence or other) selectively in cancer cells without affecting normal tissues or the immune system. While the core p53 transcriptional program has been proposed, the mechanisms conferring a cell type- and stimuli-dependent transcriptional outcome by p53 require further investigations. The mechanism by which p53 localizes to repressed promoters and manages its co-repressor interactions is controversial and remains an important gap in our understanding of the p53 cistrome. We hope that our review of the recent literature will help to stimulate the appreciation and investigation of largely unexplored p53-mediated repression.
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Hu J, Cao J, Topatana W, Juengpanich S, Li S, Zhang B, Shen J, Cai L, Cai X, Chen M. Targeting mutant p53 for cancer therapy: direct and indirect strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:157. [PMID: 34583722 PMCID: PMC8480024 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a critical tumor-suppressor gene that is mutated in more than half of all human cancers. Mutations in TP53 not only impair its antitumor activity, but also confer mutant p53 protein oncogenic properties. The p53-targeted therapy approach began with the identification of compounds capable of restoring/reactivating wild-type p53 functions or eliminating mutant p53. Treatments that directly target mutant p53 are extremely structure and drug-species-dependent. Due to the mutation of wild-type p53, multiple survival pathways that are normally maintained by wild-type p53 are disrupted, necessitating the activation of compensatory genes or pathways to promote cancer cell survival. Additionally, because the oncogenic functions of mutant p53 contribute to cancer proliferation and metastasis, targeting the signaling pathways altered by p53 mutation appears to be an attractive strategy. Synthetic lethality implies that while disruption of either gene alone is permissible among two genes with synthetic lethal interactions, complete disruption of both genes results in cell death. Thus, rather than directly targeting p53, exploiting mutant p53 synthetic lethal genes may provide additional therapeutic benefits. Additionally, research progress on the functions of noncoding RNAs has made it clear that disrupting noncoding RNA networks has a favorable antitumor effect, supporting the hypothesis that targeting noncoding RNAs may have potential synthetic lethal effects in cancers with p53 mutations. The purpose of this review is to discuss treatments for cancers with mutant p53 that focus on directly targeting mutant p53, restoring wild-type functions, and exploiting synthetic lethal interactions with mutant p53. Additionally, the possibility of noncoding RNAs acting as synthetic lethal targets for mutant p53 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Win Topatana
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Shijie Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiliang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Liuxin Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Cognitive Healthcare of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Cognitive Healthcare of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Okumura S, Konishi Y, Narukawa M, Sugiura Y, Yoshimoto S, Arai Y, Sato S, Yoshida Y, Tsuji S, Uemura K, Wakita M, Matsudaira T, Matsumoto T, Kawamoto S, Takahashi A, Itatani Y, Miki H, Takamatsu M, Obama K, Takeuchi K, Suematsu M, Ohtani N, Fukunaga Y, Ueno M, Sakai Y, Nagayama S, Hara E. Gut bacteria identified in colorectal cancer patients promote tumourigenesis via butyrate secretion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5674. [PMID: 34584098 PMCID: PMC8479117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence is revealing that alterations in gut microbiota are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, very little is currently known about whether and how gut microbiota alterations are causally associated with CRC development. Here we show that 12 faecal bacterial taxa are enriched in CRC patients in two independent cohort studies. Among them, 2 Porphyromonas species are capable of inducing cellular senescence, an oncogenic stress response, through the secretion of the bacterial metabolite, butyrate. Notably, the invasion of these bacteria is observed in the CRC tissues, coinciding with the elevation of butyrate levels and signs of senescence-associated inflammatory phenotypes. Moreover, although the administration of these bacteria into ApcΔ14/+ mice accelerate the onset of colorectal tumours, this is not the case when bacterial butyrate-synthesis genes are disrupted. These results suggest a causal relationship between Porphyromonas species overgrowth and colorectal tumourigenesis which may be due to butyrate-induced senescence. Several bacteria in the gut microbiota have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) but it is not completely clear whether they have a role in tumourigenesis. Here, the authors show enrichment of 12 bacterial taxa in two cohorts of CRC patients and that two Porphyromonas species accelerate CRC onset through butyrate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Okumura
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Konishi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Megumi Narukawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Yoshimoto
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan.,LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Arai
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshida
- School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunya Tsuji
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Uemura
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakita
- Immunology Frontier Research Centre (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Matsudaira
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomonori Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kawamoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Miki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Kazutaka Obama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan.,The Cancer Institute Hospital, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naoko Ohtani
- Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Ueno
- The Cancer Institute Hospital, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Eiji Hara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan. .,Immunology Frontier Research Centre (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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Kwon HW, Lee JH, Pahk K, Park KH, Kim S. Clustering subtypes of breast cancer by combining immunohistochemistry profiles and metabolism characteristics measured using FDG PET/CT. Cancer Imaging 2021; 21:55. [PMID: 34579791 PMCID: PMC8477513 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-021-00424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combining immunohistochemical profiles and metabolic information to characterize breast cancer subtypes. METHODS This retrospective study included 289 breast tumors from 284 patients who underwent preoperative 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT). Molecular subtypes of breast cancer were classified as Hormonal, HER2, Dual (a combination of both Hormonal and HER2 features), and triple-negative (TN). Histopathologic findings and immunohistochemical results for Ki-67, EGFR, CK 5/6, and p53 were also analyzed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) measured from FDG PET/CT was used to evaluate tumoral glucose metabolism. RESULTS Overall, 182, 24, 47, and 36 tumors were classified as Hormonal, HER2, Dual, and TN subtypes, respectively. Molecular profiles of tumor aggressiveness and the tumor SUV revealed a gradual increase from the Hormonal to the TN type. The tumor SUV was significantly correlated with tumor size, expression levels of p53, Ki-67, and EGFR, and nuclear grade (all p < 0.001). In contrast, the tumor SUV was negatively correlated with the expression of estrogen receptors (r = - 0.234, p < 0.001) and progesterone receptors (r = - 0.220, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that histopathologic markers explained tumor glucose metabolism (adjusted R-squared value 0.238, p < 0.001). Tumor metabolism can thus help define breast cancer subtypes with aggressive/adverse prognostic features. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic activity measured using FDG PET/CT was significantly correlated with the molecular alteration profiles of breast cancer assessed using immunohistochemical analysis. Combining molecular markers and metabolic information may aid in the recognition and understanding of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and be helpful as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisoo Pahk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Korea.
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