201
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Demers-Lamarche J, Guillebaud G, Tlili M, Todkar K, Bélanger N, Grondin M, Nguyen AP, Michel J, Germain M. Loss of Mitochondrial Function Impairs Lysosomes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10263-76. [PMID: 26987902 PMCID: PMC4858975 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.695825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial function, as observed in neurodegenerative diseases, lead to disrupted energy metabolism and production of damaging reactive oxygen species. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction also disrupts the structure and function of lysosomes, the main degradation and recycling organelle. Specifically, inhibition of mitochondrial function, following deletion of the mitochondrial protein AIF, OPA1, or PINK1, as well as chemical inhibition of the electron transport chain, impaired lysosomal activity and caused the appearance of large lysosomal vacuoles. Importantly, our results show that lysosomal impairment is dependent on reactive oxygen species. Given that alterations in both mitochondrial function and lysosomal activity are key features of neurodegenerative diseases, this work provides important insights into the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Demers-Lamarche
- From the Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale and Centre de recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada and
| | - Gérald Guillebaud
- From the Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale and Centre de recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada and
| | - Mouna Tlili
- From the Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale and
| | - Kiran Todkar
- From the Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale and Centre de recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada and
| | - Noémie Bélanger
- From the Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale and
| | - Martine Grondin
- From the Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale and
| | - Angela P Nguyen
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jennifer Michel
- From the Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale and
| | - Marc Germain
- From the Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale and Centre de recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada and
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202
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Krishnan VS, White Z, McMahon CD, Hodgetts SI, Fitzgerald M, Shavlakadze T, Harvey AR, Grounds MD. A Neurogenic Perspective of Sarcopenia: Time Course Study of Sciatic Nerves From Aging Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:464-78. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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203
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Lau E, Cao Q, Ng DCM, Bleakley BJ, Dincer TU, Bot BM, Wang D, Liem DA, Lam MPY, Ge J, Ping P. A large dataset of protein dynamics in the mammalian heart proteome. Sci Data 2016; 3:160015. [PMID: 26977904 PMCID: PMC4792174 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein stability is a major regulatory principle of protein function and cellular homeostasis. Despite limited understanding on mechanisms, disruption of protein turnover is widely implicated in diverse pathologies from heart failure to neurodegenerations. Information on global protein dynamics therefore has the potential to expand the depth and scope of disease phenotyping and therapeutic strategies. Using an integrated platform of metabolic labeling, high-resolution mass spectrometry and computational analysis, we report here a comprehensive dataset of the in vivo half-life of 3,228 and the expression of 8,064 cardiac proteins, quantified under healthy and hypertrophic conditions across six mouse genetic strains commonly employed in biomedical research. We anticipate these data will aid in understanding key mitochondrial and metabolic pathways in heart diseases, and further serve as a reference for methodology development in dynamics studies in multiple organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Lau
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Quan Cao
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dominic C M Ng
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Brian J Bleakley
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T Umut Dincer
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Brian M Bot
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washignton 98109, USA
| | - Ding Wang
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - David A Liem
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Maggie P Y Lam
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peipei Ping
- The NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence in Biomedical Computing at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine,University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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204
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Guo X, Wang X, Wang Z, Banerjee S, Yang J, Huang L, Dixon JE. Site-specific proteasome phosphorylation controls cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:202-12. [PMID: 26655835 PMCID: PMC4844191 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of proteasomal degradation in cells, little is known about whether and how the 26S proteasome itself is regulated in coordination with various physiological processes. Here we show that the proteasome is dynamically phosphorylated during the cell cycle at Thr 25 of the 19S subunit Rpt3. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, RNA interference and biochemical studies demonstrate that blocking Rpt3-Thr25 phosphorylation markedly impairs proteasome activity and impedes cell proliferation. Through a kinome-wide screen, we have identified dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) as the primary kinase that phosphorylates Rpt3-Thr25, leading to enhanced substrate translocation and degradation. Importantly, loss of the single phosphorylation of Rpt3-Thr25 or knockout of DYRK2 significantly inhibits tumour formation by proteasome-addicted human breast cancer cells in mice. These findings define an important mechanism for proteasome regulation and demonstrate the biological significance of proteasome phosphorylation in regulating cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lan Huang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jack E. Dixon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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205
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvana Hajieva
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Moosmann
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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206
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Proteostasis and RNA Binding Proteins in Synaptic Plasticity and in the Pathogenesis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3857934. [PMID: 26904297 PMCID: PMC4745388 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3857934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have demonstrated that rapid alterations in protein abundance are required for synaptic plasticity, a cellular correlate for learning and memory. Control of protein abundance, known as proteostasis, is achieved across a complex neuronal morphology that includes a tortuous axon as well as an extensive dendritic arbor supporting thousands of individual synaptic compartments. To regulate the spatiotemporal synthesis of proteins, neurons must efficiently coordinate the transport and metabolism of mRNAs. Among multiple levels of regulation, transacting RNA binding proteins (RBPs) control proteostasis by binding to mRNAs and mediating their transport and translation in response to synaptic activity. In addition to synthesis, protein degradation must be carefully balanced for optimal proteostasis, as deviations resulting in excess or insufficient abundance of key synaptic factors produce pathologies. As such, mutations in components of the proteasomal or translational machinery, including RBPs, have been linked to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), Fragile X Tremor Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS), and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In this review, we summarize recent scientific findings, highlight ongoing questions, and link basic molecular mechanisms to the pathogenesis of common neuropsychiatric disorders.
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207
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Bal’ NV, Balaban PM. Ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation is necessary for long-term plasticity and memory. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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208
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Park H, Yang J, Kim R, Li Y, Lee Y, Lee C, Park J, Lee D, Kim H, Kim E. Mice lacking the PSD-95-interacting E3 ligase, Dorfin/Rnf19a, display reduced adult neurogenesis, enhanced long-term potentiation, and impaired contextual fear conditioning. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16410. [PMID: 26553645 PMCID: PMC4639748 DOI: 10.1038/srep16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination has a significant influence on diverse aspects of neuronal development and function. Dorfin, also known as Rnf19a, is a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, but its in vivo functions have not been explored. We report here that Dorfin is a novel binding partner of the excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95. Dorfin-mutant (Dorfin(-/-)) mice show reduced adult neurogenesis and enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, but normal long-term potentiation in the CA1 region. Behaviorally, Dorfin(-/-) mice show impaired contextual fear conditioning, but normal levels of cued fear conditioning, fear extinction, spatial learning and memory, object recognition memory, spatial working memory, and pattern separation. Using a proteomic approach, we also identify a number of proteins whose ubiquitination levels are decreased in the Dorfin(-/-) brain. These results suggest that Dorfin may regulate adult neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and contextual fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwool Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jinhee Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ryunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Chungwoo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jongil Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21. Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21. Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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209
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Schreiber J, Végh MJ, Dawitz J, Kroon T, Loos M, Labonté D, Li KW, Van Nierop P, Van Diepen MT, De Zeeuw CI, Kneussel M, Meredith RM, Smit AB, Van Kesteren RE. Ubiquitin ligase TRIM3 controls hippocampal plasticity and learning by regulating synaptic γ-actin levels. J Cell Biol 2015; 211:569-86. [PMID: 26527743 PMCID: PMC4639863 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201506048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM3 regulates synaptic γ-actin levels. TRIM3-deficient mice consequently have higher hippocampal spine densities, increased long-term potentiation, and enhanced contextual fear memory consolidation, indicating that temporal control of ACTG1 levels by TRIM3 is required to constrain hippocampal plasticity within physiological boundaries. Synaptic plasticity requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Although two actin isoforms, β- and γ-actin, are expressed in dendritic spines, the specific contribution of γ-actin in the expression of synaptic plasticity is unknown. We show that synaptic γ-actin levels are regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM3. TRIM3 protein and Actg1 transcript are colocalized in messenger ribonucleoprotein granules responsible for the dendritic targeting of messenger RNAs. TRIM3 polyubiquitylates γ-actin, most likely cotranslationally at synaptic sites. Trim3−/− mice consequently have increased levels of γ-actin at hippocampal synapses, resulting in higher spine densities, increased long-term potentiation, and enhanced short-term contextual fear memory consolidation. Interestingly, hippocampal deletion of Actg1 caused an increase in long-term fear memory. Collectively, our findings suggest that temporal control of γ-actin levels by TRIM3 is required to regulate the timing of hippocampal plasticity. We propose a model in which TRIM3 regulates synaptic γ-actin turnover and actin filament stability and thus forms a transient inhibitory constraint on the expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Schreiber
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlene J Végh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia Dawitz
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Kroon
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Loos
- Sylics (Synaptologics BV), 1008 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorthe Labonté
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim Van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel T Van Diepen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, 1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rhiannon M Meredith
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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210
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Proteomics in Traditional Chinese Medicine with an Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:393510. [PMID: 26557146 PMCID: PMC4628675 DOI: 10.1155/2015/393510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing worldwide interest in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This increasing demand for TCM needs to be accompanied by a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of TCM-based therapy. However, TCM is often described as a concept of Chinese philosophy, which is incomprehensible for Western medical society, thereby creating a gap between TCM and Western medicine (WM). In order to meet this challenge, TCM research has applied proteomics technologies for exploring the mechanisms of action of TCM treatment. Proteomics enables TCM researchers to oversee various pathways that are affected by treatment, as well as the dynamics of their interactions with one another. This review discusses the utility of comparative proteomics to better understand how TCM treatment may be used as a complementary therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, we review the data from comparative AD-related TCM proteomics studies and establish the relevance of the data with available AD hypotheses, most notably regarding the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS).
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211
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Mudawal A, Singh A, Yadav S, Mishra M, Singh PK, Chandravanshi LP, Mishra J, Khanna VK, Bandyopadhyay S, Parmar D. Similarities in lindane induced alterations in protein expression profiling in different brain regions with neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomics 2015; 15:3875-82. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Mudawal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI); Lucknow India
| | - Pradhyumna Kumar Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI); Lucknow India
| | - Lalit Pratap Chandravanshi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
| | - Vinay K. Khanna
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow India
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212
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Mishto M, Raza ML, de Biase D, Ravizza T, Vasuri F, Martucci M, Keller C, Bellavista E, Buchholz TJ, Kloetzel PM, Pession A, Vezzani A, Heinemann U. The immunoproteasome β5i subunit is a key contributor to ictogenesis in a rat model of chronic epilepsy. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49:188-96. [PMID: 26044087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the core of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and is involved in synaptic protein metabolism. The incorporation of three inducible immuno-subunits into the proteasome results in the generation of the so-called immunoproteasome, which is endowed of pathophysiological functions related to immunity and inflammation. In healthy human brain, the expression of the key catalytic β5i subunit of the immunoproteasome is almost absent, while it is induced in the epileptogenic foci surgically resected from patients with pharmaco-resistant seizures, including temporal lobe epilepsy. We show here that the β5i immuno-subunit is induced in experimental epilepsy, and its selective pharmacological inhibition significantly prevents, or delays, 4-aminopyridine-induced seizure-like events in acute rat hippocampal/entorhinal cortex slices. These effects are stronger in slices from epileptic vs normal rats, likely due to the more prominent β5i subunit expression in neurons and glia cells of diseased tissue. β5i subunit is transcriptionally induced in epileptogenic tissue likely by Toll-like receptor 4 signaling activation, and independently on promoter methylation. The recent availability of selective β5i subunit inhibitors opens up novel therapeutic opportunities for seizure inhibition in drug-resistant epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mishto
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sul Cancro "Giorgio Prodi", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Muhammad L Raza
- Institut für Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Garystr. 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario de Biase
- Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology at Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Martucci
- Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christin Keller
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Bellavista
- Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tonia J Buchholz
- Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Amgen Subsidiary, 249 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peter M Kloetzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Uwe Heinemann
- Institut für Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Garystr. 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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213
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Gandini MA, Sandoval A, Zamponi GW, Felix R. The MAP1B-LC1/UBE2L3 complex catalyzes degradation of cell surface CaV2.2 channels. Channels (Austin) 2015; 8:452-7. [PMID: 25483588 DOI: 10.4161/19336950.2014.949162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported recently a new mechanism by which the neuronal N-type Ca(2+) (CaV2.2) channel expression may be regulated by ubiquitination. This mechanism involves the interaction between the channel and the light chain (LC1) of the microtubule associated protein B (MAP1B). We also showed that MAP1B-LC1 could interact with the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2L3 and that the ubiquitination/degradation mechanism triggered by MAP1B-LC1 could be prevented by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. We now report that MAP1B-LC1 can interact with the 2 main variants of the CaV2.2 channels (CaV2.2e37a and CaV2.2e37b) and that the MAP1B-LC1-mediated regulation most likely involves an internalization of the channels via a dynamin and clathrin-dependent pathway. In addition, here we propose that this novel mechanism of CaV channel regulation might be conserved among N-type and P/Q-type channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Gandini
- a Department of Cell Biology; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute ; Mexico City , Mexico
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214
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Trafficking and degradation pathways in pathogenic conversion of prions and prion-like proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Virus Res 2015; 207:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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215
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Kiely AP, Ling H, Asi YT, Kara E, Proukakis C, Schapira AH, Morris HR, Roberts HC, Lubbe S, Limousin P, Lewis PA, Lees AJ, Quinn N, Hardy J, Love S, Revesz T, Houlden H, Holton JL. Distinct clinical and neuropathological features of G51D SNCA mutation cases compared with SNCA duplication and H50Q mutation. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:41. [PMID: 26306801 PMCID: PMC4549856 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We and others have described the neurodegenerative disorder caused by G51D SNCA mutation which shares characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The objective of this investigation was to extend the description of the clinical and neuropathological hallmarks of G51D mutant SNCA-associated disease by the study of two additional cases from a further G51D SNCA kindred and to compare the features of this group with a SNCA duplication case and a H50Q SNCA mutation case. RESULTS All three G51D patients were clinically characterised by parkinsonism, dementia, visual hallucinations, autonomic dysfunction and pyramidal signs with variable age at disease onset and levodopa response. The H50Q SNCA mutation case had a clinical picture that mimicked late-onset idiopathic PD with a good and sustained levodopa response. The SNCA duplication case presented with a clinical phenotype of frontotemporal dementia with marked behavioural changes, pyramidal signs, postural hypotension and transiently levodopa responsive parkinsonism. Detailed post-mortem neuropathological analysis was performed in all cases. All three G51D cases had abundant α-synuclein pathology with characteristics of both PD and MSA. These included widespread cortical and subcortical neuronal α-synuclein inclusions together with small numbers of inclusions resembling glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in oligodendrocytes. In contrast the H50Q and SNCA duplication cases, had α-synuclein pathology resembling idiopathic PD without GCIs. Phosphorylated α-synuclein was present in all inclusions types in G51D cases but was more restricted in SNCA duplication and H50Q mutation. Inclusions were also immunoreactive for the 5G4 antibody indicating their highly aggregated and likely fibrillar state. CONCLUSIONS Our characterisation of the clinical and neuropathological features of the present small series of G51D SNCA mutation cases should aid the recognition of this clinico-pathological entity. The neuropathological features of these cases consistently share characteristics of PD and MSA and are distinct from PD patients carrying the H50Q or SNCA duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife P Kiely
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK.
| | - Helen Ling
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK.
| | - Yasmine T Asi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK.
| | - Eleanna Kara
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Harvard medical school & Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Anthony H Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Helen C Roberts
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Steven Lubbe
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Patricia Limousin
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. .,School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
| | - Andrew J Lees
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK. .,Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Niall Quinn
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK. .,Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Seth Love
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK.
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Janice L Holton
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK.
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216
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Arloth J, Bogdan R, Weber P, Frishman G, Menke A, Wagner KV, Balsevich G, Schmidt MV, Karbalai N, Czamara D, Altmann A, Trümbach D, Wurst W, Mehta D, Uhr M, Klengel T, Erhardt A, Carey CE, Conley ED, Ruepp A, Müller-Myhsok B, Hariri AR, Binder EB. Genetic Differences in the Immediate Transcriptome Response to Stress Predict Risk-Related Brain Function and Psychiatric Disorders. Neuron 2015; 86:1189-202. [PMID: 26050039 PMCID: PMC4490780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression risk is exacerbated by genetic factors and stress exposure; however, the biological mechanisms through which these factors interact to confer depression risk are poorly understood. One putative biological mechanism implicates variability in the ability of cortisol, released in response to stress, to trigger a cascade of adaptive genomic and non-genomic processes through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation. Here, we demonstrate that common genetic variants in long-range enhancer elements modulate the immediate transcriptional response to GR activation in human blood cells. These functional genetic variants increase risk for depression and co-heritable psychiatric disorders. Moreover, these risk variants are associated with inappropriate amygdala reactivity, a transdiagnostic psychiatric endophenotype and an important stress hormone response trigger. Network modeling and animal experiments suggest that these genetic differences in GR-induced transcriptional activation may mediate the risk for depression and other psychiatric disorders by altering a network of functionally related stress-sensitive genes in blood and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Arloth
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Peter Weber
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Goar Frishman
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Andreas Menke
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Klaus V Wagner
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Georgia Balsevich
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Nazanin Karbalai
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Andre Altmann
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Technische Universität München, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Divya Mehta
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Torsten Klengel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Angelika Erhardt
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Caitlin E Carey
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Andreas Ruepp
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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217
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Differential role of the proteasome in the early and late phases of BDNF-induced facilitation of LTP. J Neurosci 2015; 35:3319-29. [PMID: 25716833 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4521-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates activity-dependent long-term changes of synaptic strength in the CNS. The effects of BDNF are partly mediated by stimulation of local translation, with consequent alterations in the synaptic proteome. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) also plays an important role in protein homeostasis at the synapse by regulating synaptic activity. However, whether BDNF acts on the UPS to mediate the effects on long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) has not been investigated. In the present study, we show similar and nonadditive effects of BDNF and proteasome inhibition on the early phase of synaptic potentiation (E-LTP) induced by theta-burst stimulation of rat hippocampal CA1 synapses. The effects of BDNF were blocked by the proteasome activator IU1, suggesting that the neurotrophin acts by decreasing proteasome activity. Accordingly, BDNF downregulated the proteasome activity in cultured hippocampal neurons and in hippocampal synaptoneurosomes. Furthermore, BDNF increased the activity of the deubiquitinating enzyme UchL1 in synaptoneurosomes and upregulated free ubiquitin. In contrast to the effects on posttetanic potentiation, proteasome activity was required for BDNF-mediated LTP. These results show a novel role for BDNF in UPS regulation at the synapse, which is likely to act together with the increased translation activity in the regulation of the synaptic proteome during E-LTP.
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218
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Kyöstilä K, Syrjä P, Jagannathan V, Chandrasekar G, Jokinen TS, Seppälä EH, Becker D, Drögemüller M, Dietschi E, Drögemüller C, Lang J, Steffen F, Rohdin C, Jäderlund KH, Lappalainen AK, Hahn K, Wohlsein P, Baumgärtner W, Henke D, Oevermann A, Kere J, Lohi H, Leeb T. A missense change in the ATG4D gene links aberrant autophagy to a neurodegenerative vacuolar storage disease. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005169. [PMID: 25875846 PMCID: PMC4398399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating diseases that occur across different species. We have performed clinical, pathological and genetic studies to characterize a novel canine neurodegenerative disease present in the Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed. Affected dogs suffer from progressive cerebellar ataxia, sometimes accompanied by episodic nystagmus and behavioral changes. Histological examination revealed unique pathological changes, including profound neuronal cytoplasmic vacuolization in the nervous system, as well as spheroid formation and cytoplasmic aggregation of vacuoles in secretory epithelial tissues and mesenchymal cells. Genetic analyses uncovered a missense change, c.1288G>A; p.A430T, in the autophagy-related ATG4D gene on canine chromosome 20 with a highly significant disease association (p = 3.8 x 10-136) in a cohort of more than 2300 Lagotto Romagnolo dogs. ATG4D encodes a poorly characterized cysteine protease belonging to the macroautophagy pathway. Accordingly, our histological analyses indicated altered autophagic flux in affected tissues. The knockdown of the zebrafish homologue atg4da resulted in a widespread developmental disturbance and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Our study describes a previously unknown canine neurological disease with particular pathological features and implicates the ATG4D protein as an important autophagy mediator in neuronal homeostasis. The canine phenotype serves as a model to delineate the disease-causing pathological mechanism(s) and ATG4D function, and can also be used to explore treatment options. Furthermore, our results reveal a novel candidate gene for human neurodegeneration and enable the development of a genetic test for veterinary diagnostic and breeding purposes. Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people worldwide. We describe a novel neurodegenerative disease in a canine model, characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and cellular vacuolization. Our genetic analyses identified a single nucleotide change in the autophagy-related ATG4D gene in affected dogs. The ATG4D gene has not been linked to inherited diseases before. The autophagy-lysosome pathway plays an important role in degrading and recycling different cellular components. Disturbed autophagy has been reported in several different diseases but mutations in core autophagy components are rare. Histological analyses of affected canine brain tissues revealed altered autophagic flux, and a knockdown of the gene in the zebrafish model caused marked neurodevelopmental alterations and neurodegeneration. Our findings identify a new disease-causing pathway and implicate the ATG4D protease as an important mediator for neuronal homeostasis. Furthermore, our study establishes a large animal model to investigate the role of ATG4D in autophagy and to test possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kyöstilä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernilla Syrjä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tarja S. Jokinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija H. Seppälä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Doreen Becker
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabeth Dietschi
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johann Lang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Radiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Rohdin
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin H. Jäderlund
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anu K. Lappalainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Henke
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Juha Kere
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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219
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Li Y, Guo Y, Wang X, Yu X, Duan W, Hong K, Wang J, Han H, Li C. Trehalose decreases mutant SOD1 expression and alleviates motor deficiency in early but not end-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a SOD1-G93A mouse model. Neuroscience 2015; 298:12-25. [PMID: 25841320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effective treatment. Studies indicate that enhancing autophagy in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease can ameliorate the behavioral symptoms and pathological damage associated with the accumulation of pathological mutant proteins such as mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1). This study investigated the effects of trehalose treatment on both early and end-stage disease in a transgenic mouse model of ALS via short-term (30 days after administration) and long-term (from 60 days after administration to death) trehalose treatment experiments. Sixty-day-old female SOD1-G93A transgenic mice were treated daily with 2% (w/v) trehalose in their drinking water for 30 days and monitored until they reached a neurological score of four, whereupon they were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Neurological, rotarod performance test and hanging wire test scores were recorded and body weight monitored. After death, the spinal cord was removed to assess the number of motor neurons and to measure the expression of mutant SOD1, LC3-II and p62. Trehalose significantly reduced the levels of mutant SOD1 and p62 and increased LC3-II in the spinal cords of 90-day-old SOD1-G93A transgenic mice. Furthermore, trehalose treatment significantly postponed disease onset, lengthened the time it took to reach a neurological score of 2 and preserved motor function; however, trehalose became less effective at delaying further disease progression as the disease progressed beyond a neurological score of 2 and it failed to extend the survival of SOD1-G93A transgenic mice. Additionally, independent of autophagy, trehalose consistently inhibited microgliosis and astrogliosis throughout the entire duration of the study. In conclusion, trehalose may be a useful add-on therapy in conjunction with other ALS treatment options to alleviate symptoms in early-stage ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - W Duan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - K Hong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - H Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
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220
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Case-control genome-wide association study of persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder identifies FBXO33 as a novel susceptibility gene for the disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:915-26. [PMID: 25284319 PMCID: PMC4330505 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability. At least 30% of patients diagnosed in childhood continue to suffer from ADHD during adulthood and genetic risk factors may play an essential role in the persistence of the disorder throughout lifespan. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD have been completed in seven independent datasets, six of which were pediatric samples and one on persistent ADHD using a DNA-pooling strategy, but none of them reported genome-wide significant associations. In an attempt to unravel novel genes for the persistence of ADHD into adulthood, we conducted the first two-stage GWAS in adults with ADHD. The discovery sample included 607 ADHD cases and 584 controls. Top signals were subsequently tested for replication in three independent follow-up samples of 2104 ADHD patients and 1901 controls. None of the findings exceeded the genome-wide threshold for significance (PGC<5e-08), but we found evidence for the involvement of the FBXO33 (F-box only protein 33) gene in combined ADHD in the discovery sample (P=9.02e-07) and in the joint analysis of both stages (P=9.7e-03). Additional evidence for a FBXO33 role in ADHD was found through gene-wise and pathway enrichment analyses in our genomic study. Risk alleles were associated with lower FBXO33 expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines and with reduced frontal gray matter volume in a sample of 1300 adult subjects. Our findings point for the first time at the ubiquitination machinery as a new disease mechanism for adult ADHD and establish a rationale for searching for additional risk variants in ubiquitination-related genes.
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221
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Asano S, Fukuda Y, Beck F, Aufderheide A, Förster F, Danev R, Baumeister W. Proteasomes. A molecular census of 26S proteasomes in intact neurons. Science 2015; 347:439-42. [PMID: 25613890 DOI: 10.1126/science.1261197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a key player in eukaryotic protein quality control and in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Here, we describe quantitative in situ structural studies of this highly dynamic molecular machine in intact hippocampal neurons. We used electron cryotomography with the Volta phase plate, which allowed high fidelity and nanometer precision localization of 26S proteasomes. We undertook a molecular census of single- and double-capped proteasomes and assessed the conformational states of individual complexes. Under the conditions of the experiment—that is, in the absence of proteotoxic stress—only 20% of the 26S proteasomes were engaged in substrate processing. The remainder was in the substrate-accepting ground state. These findings suggest that in the absence of stress, the capacity of the proteasome system is not fully used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoh Asano
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukuda
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Beck
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Antje Aufderheide
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Radostin Danev
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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222
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Berth S, Caicedo HH, Sarma T, Morfini G, Brady ST. Internalization and axonal transport of the HIV glycoprotein gp120. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:1759091414568186. [PMID: 25636314 PMCID: PMC4720180 DOI: 10.1177/1759091414568186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV glycoprotein gp120, a neurotoxic HIV glycoprotein that is overproduced and shed by HIV-infected macrophages, is associated with neurological complications of HIV such as distal sensory polyneuropathy, but interactions of gp120 in the peripheral nervous system remain to be characterized. Here, we demonstrate internalization of extracellular gp120 in a manner partially independent of binding to its coreceptor CXCR4 by F11 neuroblastoma cells and cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Immunocytochemical and pharmacological experiments indicate that gp120 does not undergo trafficking through the endolysosomal pathway. Instead, gp120 is mainly internalized through lipid rafts in a cholesterol-dependent manner, with a minor fraction being internalized by fluid phase pinocytosis. Experiments using compartmentalized microfluidic chambers further indicate that, after internalization, endocytosed gp120 selectively undergoes retrograde but not anterograde axonal transport from axons to neuronal cell bodies. Collectively, these studies illuminate mechanisms of gp120 internalization and axonal transport in peripheral nervous system neurons, providing a novel framework for mechanisms for gp120 neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Berth
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hector Hugo Caicedo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tulika Sarma
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gerardo Morfini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott T Brady
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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223
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Han DH, Na HK, Choi WH, Lee JH, Kim YK, Won C, Lee SH, Kim KP, Kuret J, Min DH, Lee MJ. Direct cellular delivery of human proteasomes to delay tau aggregation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5633. [PMID: 25476420 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the primary machinery that degrades ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugated proteins, including many proteotoxic proteins implicated in neurodegeneraton. It has been suggested that the elevation of proteasomal activity is tolerable to cells and may be beneficial to prevent the accumulation of protein aggregates. Here we show that purified proteasomes can be directly transported into cells through mesoporous silica nanoparticle-mediated endocytosis. Proteasomes that are loaded onto nanoparticles through non-covalent interactions between polyhistidine tags and nickel ions fully retain their proteolytic activity. Cells treated with exogenous proteasomes are more efficient in degrading overexpressed human tau than endogenous proteasomal substrates, resulting in decreased levels of tau aggregates. Moreover, exogenous proteasome delivery significantly promotes cell survival against proteotoxic stress caused by tau and reactive oxygen species. These data demonstrate that increasing cellular proteasome activity through the direct delivery of purified proteasomes may be an effective strategy for reducing cellular levels of proteotoxic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Na
- Center for RNA Research, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science &Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Won
- Center for RNA Research, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Han Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeff Kuret
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Center for RNA Research, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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224
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Investigation of genetic variants in ubiquitin enzyme genes involved in the modulation of neurodevelopmental processes: a role in schizophrenia susceptibility? Genet Res (Camb) 2014; 96:e15. [PMID: 25578144 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672314000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research during the last few decades, the etiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. Evidence of both genetic and environmental influences in the developmental profile of schizophrenia has grown, and due to the complexity of this disorder, a polygenic aspect has been associated with this neuropsychiatric pathology. Unfortunately, no diagnostic strategies based on biological measurement or genetic testing is currently available for schizophrenia. Gene-expression profiling and recent protein studies have shown a decrease in the expression of ubiquitin pathway proteins in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia patients. We have examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (or SNPs) within three genes from the ubiquitin protein system: the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2D1 (UBE2D1) gene, the E3 SUMO-protein ligase protein inhibitor of activated STAT 2 (PIAS2) gene, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 21 (FBXL21) gene, in a Caucasian case-control population for schizophrenia. After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied, no significant associations were reported for any of the tested SNPs. Additional genetic analyses will be necessary to fully explore the role of these three genes in schizophrenia. Regarding the rising interest in ubiquitin-related proteins as a therapeutic target in other pathologies such as cancer, further research into the role of ubiquitin pathways in schizophrenia seems topical and timely.
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225
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Walz K, Cohen D, Neilsen PM, Foster J, Brancati F, Demir K, Fisher R, Moffat M, Verbeek NE, Bjørgo K, Lo Castro A, Curatolo P, Novelli G, Abad C, Lei C, Zhang L, Diaz-Horta O, Young JI, Callen DF, Tekin M. Characterization of ANKRD11 mutations in humans and mice related to KBG syndrome. Hum Genet 2014; 134:181-90. [PMID: 25413698 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in ANKRD11 have recently been reported to cause KBG syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition characterized by intellectual disability (ID), behavioral problems, and macrodontia. To understand the pathogenic mechanism that relates ANKRD11 mutations with the phenotype of KBG syndrome, we studied the cellular characteristics of wild-type ANKRD11 and the effects of mutations in humans and mice. We show that the abundance of wild-type ANKRD11 is tightly regulated during the cell cycle, and that the ANKRD11 C-terminus is required for the degradation of the protein. Analysis of 11 pathogenic ANKRD11 variants in humans, including six reported in this study, and one reported in the Ankrd11 (Yod/+) mouse, shows that all mutations affect the C-terminal regions and that the mutant proteins accumulate aberrantly. In silico analysis shows the presence of D-box sequences that are signals for proteasome degradation. We suggest that ANKRD11 C-terminus plays an important role in regulating the abundance of the protein, and a disturbance of the protein abundance due to the mutations leads to KBG syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Walz
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10 Ave, BRB 610, M-860, Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
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226
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Disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubb causes dysregulation of neural stem cell differentiation with premature gliogenesis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7026. [PMID: 25391618 PMCID: PMC4229674 DOI: 10.1038/srep07026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubb leads to early-onset reactive gliosis and adult-onset hypothalamic neurodegeneration in mice. However, it remains unknown why reduced levels of ubiquitin (Ub) due to loss of Ubb lead to these neural phenotypes. To determine whether or not the defects in neurons or their progenitors per se, but not in their cellular microenvironment, are the cause of the neural phenotypes observed in Ubb(-/-) mice, we investigated the properties of cultured cells isolated from Ubb(-/-) mouse embryonic brains. Although cells were cultured under conditions promoting neuronal growth, Ubb(-/-) cells underwent apoptosis during culture in vitro, with increased numbers of glial cells and decreased numbers of neurons. Intriguingly, at the beginning of the Ubb(-/-) cell culture, the number of neural stem cells (NSCs) significantly decreased due to their reduced proliferation and their premature differentiation into glial cells. Furthermore, upregulation of Notch target genes due to increased steady-state levels of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) led to the dramatic reduction of proneuronal gene expression in Ubb(-/-) cells, resulting in inhibition of neurogenesis and promotion of gliogenesis. Therefore, our study suggests an unprecedented role for cellular Ub pools in determining the fate and self-renewal of NSCs.
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227
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A neuronal aging pattern unique to humans and common chimpanzees. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:647-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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228
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Fletcher BR, Hill GS, Long JM, Gallagher M, Shapiro ML, Rapp PR. A fine balance: Regulation of hippocampal Arc/Arg3.1 transcription, translation and degradation in a rat model of normal cognitive aging. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 115:58-67. [PMID: 25151943 PMCID: PMC4250373 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory decline is a common feature of aging. Expression of the immediate-early gene Arc is necessary for normal long-term memory, and although experience dependent Arc transcription is reportedly reduced in the aged rat hippocampus, it has not been clear whether this effect is an invariant consequence of growing older, or a finding linked specifically to age-related memory impairment. Here we show that experience dependent Arc mRNA expression in the hippocampus fails selectively among aged rats with spatial memory deficits. While these findings are consistent with the possibility that blunted Arc transcription contributes to cognitive aging, we also found increased basal ARC protein levels in the CA1 field of the hippocampus in aged rats with memory impairment, together with a loss of the experience dependent increase observed in young and unimpaired aged rats. Follow-up analysis revealed that increased basal translation and blunted ubiquitin mediated degradation may contribute to increased basal ARC protein levels noted in memory impaired aged rats. These findings indicate that Arc expression is regulated at multiple levels, and that several of these mechanisms are altered in cognitively impaired aged rats. Defining the influence of these alterations on the spatial and temporal fidelity of synapse specific, memory-related plasticity in the aged hippocampus is an important challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie R Fletcher
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Gordon S Hill
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Long
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Matthew L Shapiro
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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229
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Yin P, Tu Z, Yin A, Zhao T, Yan S, Guo X, Chang R, Zhang L, Hong Y, Huang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Li S, Li XJ. Aged monkey brains reveal the role of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2N in the synaptosomal accumulation of mutant huntingtin. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1350-62. [PMID: 25343992 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although misfolded proteins are ubiquitinated and cleared by the proteasome, they can accumulate in synapses in aged neurons to promote synaptic dysfunction in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD), which is caused by polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin. The mechanism behind this aging-related phenomenon is unknown and has been difficult to investigate using animals with short life spans. With brain tissues from longer-lived rhesus monkeys of different ages, we found that aging reduces ubiquitin-proteasomal activity and also increases the level of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2N (Ubc13) in synaptosomes. Synaptosomal fractions from aged monkey brain increase in vitro ubiquitinated huntingtin, whereas depletion of UBE2N markedly reduces this increase. Overexpressing UBE2N increases the aggregation of mutant huntingtin, and reducing UBE2N attenuates huntingtin aggregation in cellular and mouse models of HD. Our studies suggest that increased UBE2N plays a critical role in the synaptosomal accumulation of mutant huntingtin with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhuchi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - An Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Room 347, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Room 347, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Renbao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lianhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Room 347, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Room 347, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Room 347, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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230
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Shekhawat SS, Pham GH, Prabakaran J, Strieter ER. Simultaneous detection of distinct ubiquitin chain topologies by 19F NMR. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2229-36. [PMID: 25119846 PMCID: PMC4201340 DOI: 10.1021/cb500589c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The dynamic interplay between ubiquitin
(Ub) chain construction
and destruction is critical for the regulation of many cellular pathways.
To understand these processes, it would be ideal to simultaneously
detect different Ub chains as they are created and destroyed in the
cell. This objective cannot be achieved with existing detection strategies.
Here, we report on the use of 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
(NMR) spectroscopy to detect and characterize conformationally distinct
Ub oligomers. By exploiting the environmental sensitivity of the 19F nucleus and the conformational diversity found among Ub
chains of different linkage types, we can simultaneously resolve the 19F NMR signals for mono-Ub and three distinct di-Ub oligomers
(K6, K48, and K63) in heterogeneous mixtures. The utility of this
approach is demonstrated by the ability to interrogate the selectivity
of deubiquitinases with multiple Ub substrates in real time. We also
demonstrate that 19F NMR can be used to discern Ub linkages
that are formed by select E3 ligases found in pathogenic bacteria.
Collectively, our results assert the potential of 19F NMR
for monitoring Ub signaling in cells to reveal fundamental insights
about the associated cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan S. Shekhawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Grace H. Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jyothiprashanth Prabakaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric R. Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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231
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Fortress AM, Frick KM. Epigenetic regulation of estrogen-dependent memory. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:530-49. [PMID: 24878494 PMCID: PMC4174980 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal memory formation is highly regulated by post-translational histone modifications and DNA methylation. Accordingly, these epigenetic processes play a major role in the effects of modulatory factors, such as sex steroid hormones, on hippocampal memory. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that the ability of the potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) to enhance hippocampal-dependent novel object recognition memory in ovariectomized female mice requires ERK-dependent histone H3 acetylation and DNA methylation in the dorsal hippocampus. Although these data provide valuable insight into the chromatin modifications that mediate the memory-enhancing effects of E2, epigenetic regulation of gene expression is enormously complex. Therefore, more research is needed to fully understand how E2 and other hormones employ epigenetic alterations to shape behavior. This review discusses the epigenetic alterations shown thus far to regulate hippocampal memory, briefly reviews the effects of E2 on hippocampal function, and describes in detail our work on epigenetic regulation of estrogenic memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Fortress
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
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232
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Ryu HW, Park CW, Ryu KY. Restoration of cellular ubiquitin reverses impairments in neuronal development caused by disruption of the polyubiquitin gene Ubb. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:443-8. [PMID: 25280998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the polyubiquitin gene Ubb leads to hypothalamic neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders, including obesity and sleep abnormalities, in mice. However, it has yet to be determined whether or not these neural phenotypes in Ubb(-/-) mice are directly caused by cell autonomous defects in maintaining proper levels of ubiquitin (Ub). To directly demonstrate that reduced levels of Ub are sufficient to cause neuronal abnormalities, we investigated the characteristics of cultured neurons isolated from Ubb(-/-) mouse embryonic brains. We found that neuronal morphology, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic development were significantly impaired in Ubb(-/-) neurons. Furthermore, we observed the growth of astrocytes in Ubb(-/-) cell cultures despite the fact that cells were cultured under conditions promoting neuronal growth. When the reduced levels of free Ub, but not Ub conjugates, in Ubb(-/-) cells were restored to those of wild-type cells by providing exogenous Ub via lentivirus-mediated delivery, the increased apoptosis observed in Ubb(-/-) cells was almost completely abolished. Ectopic expression of Ub also improved neuronal and glial phenotypes observed in Ubb(-/-) cells. Therefore, our study suggests that Ub homeostasis, or the maintenance of cellular free Ub above certain threshold levels, is essential for proper neuronal development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wook Ryu
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Yul Ryu
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
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233
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Dendritic spinopathy in transgenic mice expressing ALS/dementia-linked mutant UBQLN2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14524-9. [PMID: 25246588 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1405741111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding ubiquilin2 (UBQLN2) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal type of dementia, or both. However, the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that ALS/dementia-linked UBQLN2(P497H) transgenic mice develop neuronal pathology with ubiquilin2/ubiquitin/p62-positive inclusions in the brain, especially in the hippocampus, recapitulating several key pathological features of dementia observed in human patients with UBQLN2 mutations. A major feature of the ubiquilin2-related pathology in these mice, and reminiscent of human disease, is a dendritic spinopathy with protein aggregation in the dendritic spines and an associated decrease in dendritic spine density and synaptic dysfunction. Finally, we show that the protein inclusions in the dendritic spines are composed of several components of the proteasome machinery, including Ub(G76V)-GFP, a representative ubiquitinated protein substrate that is accumulated in the transgenic mice. Our data, therefore, directly link impaired protein degradation to inclusion formation that is associated with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits. These data imply a convergent molecular pathway involving synaptic protein recycling that may also be involved in other neurodegenerative disorders, with implications for development of widely applicable rational therapeutics.
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234
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Jin H, Chiou TT, Serwanski DR, Miralles CP, Pinal N, De Blas AL. Ring finger protein 34 (RNF34) interacts with and promotes γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor degradation via ubiquitination of the γ2 subunit. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29420-36. [PMID: 25193658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have found that the large intracellular loop of the γ2 GABAA receptor (R) subunit (γ2IL) interacts with RNF34 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase), as shown by yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pulldown assays. In brain extracts, RNF34 co-immunoprecipitates with assembled GABAARs. In co-transfected HEK293 cells, RNF34 reduces the expression of the γ2 GABAAR subunit by increasing the ratio of ubiquitinated/nonubiquitinated γ2. Mutating several lysines of the γ2IL into arginines makes the γ2 subunit resistant to RNF34-induced degradation. RNF34 also reduces the expression of the γ2 subunit when α1 and β3 subunits are co-assembled with γ2. This effect is partially reversed by leupeptin or MG132, indicating that both the lysosomal and proteasomal degradation pathways are involved. Immunofluorescence of cultured hippocampal neurons shows that RNF34 forms clusters and that a subset of these clusters is associated with GABAergic synapses. This association is also observed in the intact rat brain by electron microscopy immunocytochemistry. RNF34 is not expressed until the 2nd postnatal week of rat brain development, being highly expressed in some interneurons. Overexpression of RNF34 in hippocampal neurons decreases the density of γ2 GABAAR clusters and the number of GABAergic contacts that these neurons receive. Knocking down endogenous RNF34 with shRNA leads to increased γ2 GABAAR cluster density and GABAergic innervation. The results indicate that RNF34 regulates postsynaptic γ2-GABAAR clustering and GABAergic synaptic innervation by interacting with and ubiquitinating the γ2-GABAAR subunit promoting GABAAR degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Jin
- From the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Tzu-Ting Chiou
- From the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - David R Serwanski
- From the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Celia P Miralles
- From the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Noelia Pinal
- From the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Angel L De Blas
- From the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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235
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Jun KR, Ullmann R, Khan S, Layman LC, Kim HG. Interstitial microduplication at 2p11.2 in a patient with syndromic intellectual disability: 30-year follow-up. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:52. [PMID: 25295072 PMCID: PMC4188067 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number variations at 2p11.2 have been rare and to our knowledge, no abnormal phenotype with an interstitial 2p11.2 duplication has yet been reported. Here we report the first case with syndromic intellectual disability associated with microduplication at 2p11.2. Results We revisited a white female subject with a chromosome translocation, t(8;10)(p23;q23)mat and a 10q telomeric deletion suspected by G-banding 30 years ago. This female with severe intellectual disability, no speech, facial dysmorphism, intractable epilepsy, recurrent infection, and skeletal abnormalities has been observed from the birth until her death. The karyotype analysis reconfirmed the previously reported chromosome translocation with a revision as 46,XX,t(8;10)(p23.3;q23.2)mat by adding more detail in chromosomal sub-bands. The array comparative genomic hybridization, however, did not detect the 10q terminal deletion originally reported, but instead, revealed a 390 kb duplication at 2p11.2; 46,XX,t(8;10)(p23.3;q23.2)mat.arr[hg 19] 2p11.2(85469151x2,85474356-85864257x3,85868355x2). This duplication region was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. Conclusions We suggest three positional candidate genes for intellectual disability and recurrent infection based upon gene function and data from real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR—VAMP8 and RNF181 for intellectual disability and CAPG for recurrent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ran Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia ; Neuroscience Program, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia
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236
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Jerath NU, Shy ME. Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies: Understanding molecular pathogenesis could lead to future treatment strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:667-78. [PMID: 25108281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies, like many other degenerative disorders, have been challenging to treat. At this point, there is little specific therapy for the inherited neuropathies other than genetic counseling as well as symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation. In the past, ascorbic acid, progesterone antagonists, and subcutaneous neurotrophin-3 (NT3) injections have demonstrated improvement in animal models of CMT 1A, the most common inherited neuropathy, but have failed to translate any effect in humans. Given the difficulty in treatment, it is important to understand the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary neuropathies in order to strategize potential future therapies. The hereditary neuropathies are in an era of molecular insight and over the past 20 years, more than 78 subtypes of Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) have been identified and extensively studied to understand the biological pathways in greater detail. Next generation molecular sequencing has also improved the diagnosis as well as the understanding of CMT. A greater understanding of the molecular pathways will help pave the way to future therapeutics of CMT. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuromuscular Diseases: Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita U Jerath
- University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael E Shy
- University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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237
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Subramaniam M, Kern B, Vogel S, Klose V, Schneider G, Roeper J. Selective increase of in vivo firing frequencies in DA SN neurons after proteasome inhibition in the ventral midbrain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2898-909. [PMID: 25059097 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The impairment of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is present in sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), and might play a key role in selective degeneration of vulnerable dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN). Further evidence for a causal role of dysfunctional UPS in familial PD comes from mutations in parkin, which results in a loss of function of an E3-ubiquitin-ligase. In a mouse model, genetic inactivation of an essential component of the 26S proteasome lead to widespread neuronal degeneration including DA midbrain neurons and the formation of alpha-synuclein-positive inclusion bodies, another hallmark of PD. Studies using pharmacological UPS inhibition in vivo had more mixed results, varying from extensive degeneration to no loss of DA SN neurons. However, it is currently unknown whether UPS impairment will affect the neurophysiological functions of DA midbrain neurons. To answer this question, we infused a selective proteasome inhibitor into the ventral midbrain in vivo and recorded single DA midbrain neurons 2 weeks after the proteasome challenge. We found a selective increase in the mean in vivo firing frequencies of identified DA SN neurons in anesthetized mice, while those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were unaffected. Our results demonstrate that a single-hit UPS inhibition is sufficient to induce a stable and selective hyperexcitability phenotype in surviving DA SN neurons in vivo. This might imply that UPS dysfunction sensitizes DA SN neurons by enhancing 'stressful pacemaking'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Subramaniam
- Neuroscience Center, Institute of Neurophysiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
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238
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Opazo CM, Greenough MA, Bush AI. Copper: from neurotransmission to neuroproteostasis. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:143. [PMID: 25071552 PMCID: PMC4080678 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is critical for the Central Nervous System (CNS) development and function. In particular, different studies have shown the effect of copper at brain synapses, where it inhibits Long Term Potentation (LTP) and receptor pharmacology. Paradoxically, according to recent studies copper is required for a normal LTP response. Copper is released at the synaptic cleft, where it blocks glutamate receptors, which explain its blocking effects on excitatory neurotransmission. Our results indicate that copper also enhances neurotransmission through the accumulation of PSD95 protein, which increase the levels of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors located at the plasma membrane of the post-synaptic density. Thus, our findings represent a novel mechanism for the action of copper, which may have implications for the neurophysiology and neuropathology of the CNS. These data indicate that synaptic configuration is sensitive to transient changes in transition metal homeostasis. Our results suggest that copper increases GluA1 subunit levels of the AMPA receptor through the anchorage of AMPA receptors to the plasma membrane as a result of PSD-95 accumulation. Here, we will review the role of copper on neurotransmission of CNS neurons. In addition, we will discuss the potential mechanisms by which copper could modulate neuronal proteostasis (“neuroproteostasis”) in the CNS with focus in the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS), which is particularly relevant to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) where copper and protein dyshomeostasis may contribute to neurodegeneration. An understanding of these mechanisms may ultimately lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to control metal and synaptic alterations observed in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Opazo
- Oxidation Biology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A Greenough
- Oxidation Biology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Oxidation Biology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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239
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Yan J. Interplay between HDAC6 and its interacting partners: essential roles in the aggresome-autophagy pathway and neurodegenerative diseases. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:567-80. [PMID: 24932665 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic localization and possession of two deacetylase domains and a ubiquitin-binding domain make histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) a unique histone deacetylase. HDAC6 interacts with a number of proteins in the cytoplasm. Some of these proteins can be deacetylated by HDAC6 deacetylase activity. Others can affect HDAC6 functions by modulating its catalytic activity or ubiquitin-binding capability. Over the last decade, HDAC6 has been shown to play important roles in the aggresome-autophagy pathway, which selectively targets on protein aggregates or damaged organelles for their accumulation and clearance in cells. HDAC6-interacting partners are integral components in this pathway with regard to their regulatory roles through interaction with HDAC6. The aggresome-autophagy pathway appears to be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as accumulation of protein aggregates are hallmarks in these diseases. In the current review, I discuss the molecular details of how HDAC6 and its interacting partners regulate each individual step in the aggresome-autophagy pathway and also provide perspectives of how HDAC6 can be targeted in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
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240
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Lippai M, Lőw P. The role of the selective adaptor p62 and ubiquitin-like proteins in autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:832704. [PMID: 25013806 PMCID: PMC4075091 DOI: 10.1155/2014/832704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy were long viewed as independent, parallel degradation systems with no point of intersection. By now we know that these degradation pathways share certain substrates and regulatory molecules and show coordinated and compensatory function. Two ubiquitin-like protein conjugation pathways were discovered that are required for autophagosome biogenesis: the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 and Atg8 systems. Autophagy has been considered to be essentially a nonselective process, but it turned out to be at least partially selective. Selective substrates of autophagy include damaged mitochondria, intracellular pathogens, and even a subset of cytosolic proteins with the help of ubiquitin-binding autophagic adaptors, such as p62/SQSTM1, NBR1, NDP52, and Optineurin. These proteins selectively recognize autophagic cargo and mediate its engulfment into autophagosomes by binding to the small ubiquitin-like modifiers that belong to the Atg8/LC3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Lippai
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőw
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest 1117, Hungary
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241
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Yan JQ, Yuan YH, Gao YN, Huang JY, Ma KL, Gao Y, Zhang WQ, Guo XF, Chen NH. Overexpression of human E46K mutant α-synuclein impairs macroautophagy via inactivation of JNK1-Bcl-2 pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:685-701. [PMID: 24833599 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the existence of intracellular protein inclusions termed Lewy bodies, largely composed of α-synuclein. Genetic studies have revealed that rare point mutations in the gene encoding α-synuclein including A30P, A53T, and E46K are associated with familial forms of PD, indicating a pathological role for mutant α-synuclein in PD etiology. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuronal toxicity of mutant α-synuclein are still to be elucidated. Growing evidence has suggested a deleterious effect of mutant α-synuclein on the autophagy-lysosome pathway. In this study, we discovered that overexpression of human E46K mutant α-synuclein impaired macroautophagy in mammalian cells. Our data showed that overexpression of E46K mutant α-synuclein impaired autophagy at an early stage of autophagosome formation via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1)-Bcl-2 but not the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Overexpressed E46K mutant α-synuclein inhibited JNK1 activation, leading to a reduced Bcl-2 phosphorylation and increased association between Bcl-2 and Beclin1, further disrupting the formation of Beclin1/hVps34 complex, which is essential for autophagy initiation. Furthermore, overexpression of E46K mutant α-synuclein increased the vulnerability of differentiated PC12 cells to rotenone treatment, which would be partly due to its inhibitory effects on autophagy. Our findings may shed light on the potential roles of mutant α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, I Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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242
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Hans F, Fiesel FC, Strong JC, Jäckel S, Rasse TM, Geisler S, Springer W, Schulz JB, Voigt A, Kahle PJ. UBE2E ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and ubiquitin isopeptidase Y regulate TDP-43 protein ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19164-79. [PMID: 24825905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.561704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-activation element DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) characterizes insoluble protein aggregates in distinct subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. TDP-43 mediates many RNA processing steps within distinct protein complexes. Here we identify novel TDP-43 protein interactors found in a yeast two-hybrid screen using an adult human brain cDNA library. We confirmed the TDP-43 interaction of seven hits by co-immunoprecipitation and assessed their co-localization in HEK293E cells. As pathological TDP-43 is ubiquitinated, we focused on the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2E3 and the ubiquitin isopeptidase Y (UBPY). When cells were treated with proteasome inhibitor, ubiquitinated and insoluble TDP-43 species accumulated. All three UBE2E family members could enhance the ubiquitination of TDP-43, whereas catalytically inactive UBE2E3(C145S) was much less efficient. Conversely, silencing of UBE2E3 reduced TDP-43 ubiquitination. We examined 15 of the 48 known disease-associated TDP-43 mutants and found that one was excessively ubiquitinated. This strong TDP-43(K263E) ubiquitination was further enhanced by proteasomal inhibition as well as UBE2E3 expression. Conversely, UBE2E3 silencing and expression of UBPY reduced TDP-43(K263E) ubiquitination. Moreover, wild-type but not active site mutant UBPY reduced ubiquitination of TDP-43 C-terminal fragments and of a nuclear import-impaired mutant. In Drosophila melanogaster, UBPY silencing enhanced neurodegenerative TDP-43 phenotypes and the accumulation of insoluble high molecular weight TDP-43 and ubiquitin species. Thus, UBE2E3 and UBPY participate in the regulation of TDP-43 ubiquitination, solubility, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hans
- From the Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany, Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany, Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration and
| | - Fabienne C Fiesel
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration and
| | - Jennifer C Strong
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration and
| | - Sandra Jäckel
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration and
| | - Tobias M Rasse
- Synaptic Plasticity Group, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Sven Geisler
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration and
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany, Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration and
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Aachen 52074, Germany, and Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Aachen 52074, Germany, and
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- From the Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany, Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany, Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration and
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243
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Lee CM. Transport of c-MYC by Kinesin-1 for proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2027-36. [PMID: 24821626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
c-MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor that is degraded by the proteasome pathway. However, the mechanism that regulates delivery of c-MYC to the proteasome for degradation is not well characterized. Here, the results show that the motor protein complex Kinesin-1 transports c-MYC to the cytoplasm for proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of Kinesin-1 function enhanced ubiquitination of c-MYC and induced aggregation of c-MYC in the cytoplasm. Transport studies showed that the c-MYC aggregates moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and KIF5B is responsible for the transport in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, inhibition of the proteasomal degradation process also resulted in an accumulation of c-MYC aggregates in the cytoplasm. Moreover, Kinesin-1 was shown to interact with c-MYC and the proteasome subunit S6a. Inhibition of Kinesin-1 function also reduced c-MYC-dependent transformation activities. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that Kinesin-1 transports c-MYC for proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm and the proper degradation of c-MYC mediated by Kinesin-1 transport is important for transformation activities of c-MYC. In addition, the results indicate that Kinesin-1 transport mechanism is important for degradation of a number of other proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement M Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Oncological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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244
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Srivastava AK, Schwartz CE. Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders: causal genes and molecular mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:161-74. [PMID: 24709068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are the most common developmental disorders present in humans. Combined, they affect between 3 and 5% of the population. Additionally, they can be found together in the same individual thereby complicating treatment. The causative factors (genes, epigenetic and environmental) are quite varied and likely interact so as to further complicate the assessment of an individual patient. Nonetheless, much valuable information has been gained by identifying candidate genes for ID or ASD. Understanding the etiology of either ID or ASD is of utmost importance for families. It allows a determination of the risk of recurrence, the possibility of other comorbidity medical problems, the molecular and cellular nature of the pathobiology and hopefully potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Srivastava
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Charles E Schwartz
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA.
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245
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Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main ATP-dependent protein degradation pathway in the cytosol and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. At its centre is the 26S proteasome, which degrades regulatory proteins and misfolded or damaged proteins. In a major breakthrough, several groups have determined high-resolution structures of the entire 26S proteasome particle in different nucleotide conditions and with and without substrate using cryo-electron microscopy combined with other techniques. These structures provide some surprising insights into the functional mechanism of the proteasome and will give invaluable guidance for genetic and biochemical studies of this key regulatory system.
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246
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Fecto F, Esengul YT, Siddique T. Protein recycling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 6:13. [PMID: 25031631 PMCID: PMC4055009 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobe dementia, are associated with the formation of insoluble intracellular proteinaceous inclusions. It is therefore imperative to understand the factors that regulate normal, as well as abnormal, protein recycling in neurons. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy pathways might contribute to the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases. Induction of these pathways may offer a rational therapeutic strategy for a number of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Fecto
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 13-715, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Y Taylan Esengul
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 13-715, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Teepu Siddique
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 13-715, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA ; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA ; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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247
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Ferraz Franco C, Santos R, Varela Coelho A. Proteolytic events are relevant cellular responses during nervous system regeneration of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis. J Proteomics 2014; 99:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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248
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Otero MG, Alloatti M, Cromberg LE, Almenar-Queralt A, Encalada SE, Pozo Devoto VM, Bruno L, Goldstein LSB, Falzone TL. Fast axonal transport of the proteasome complex depends on membrane interaction and molecular motor function. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1537-49. [PMID: 24522182 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neurons depends on the correct delivery of the proteasome complex. In neurodegenerative diseases, aggregation and accumulation of proteins in axons link transport defects with degradation impairments; however, the transport properties of proteasomes remain unknown. Here, using in vivo experiments, we reveal the fast anterograde transport of assembled and functional 26S proteasome complexes. A high-resolution tracking system to follow fluorescent proteasomes revealed three types of motion: actively driven proteasome axonal transport, diffusive behavior in a viscoelastic axonema and proteasome-confined motion. We show that active proteasome transport depends on motor function because knockdown of the KIF5B motor subunit resulted in impairment of the anterograde proteasome flux and the density of segmental velocities. Finally, we reveal that neuronal proteasomes interact with intracellular membranes and identify the coordinated transport of fluorescent proteasomes with synaptic precursor vesicles, Golgi-derived vesicles, lysosomes and mitochondria. Taken together, our results reveal fast axonal transport as a new mechanism of proteasome delivery that depends on membrane cargo 'hitch-hiking' and the function of molecular motors. We further hypothesize that defects in proteasome transport could promote abnormal protein clearance in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Otero
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1121, Argentina
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249
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Fujita KA, Ostaszewski M, Matsuoka Y, Ghosh S, Glaab E, Trefois C, Crespo I, Perumal TM, Jurkowski W, Antony PMA, Diederich N, Buttini M, Kodama A, Satagopam VP, Eifes S, del Sol A, Schneider R, Kitano H, Balling R. Integrating pathways of Parkinson's disease in a molecular interaction map. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:88-102. [PMID: 23832570 PMCID: PMC4153395 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative chronic disease, most likely caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Information on various aspects of PD pathogenesis is rapidly increasing and needs to be efficiently organized, so that the resulting data is available for exploration and analysis. Here we introduce a computationally tractable, comprehensive molecular interaction map of PD. This map integrates pathways implicated in PD pathogenesis such as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein degradation, alpha-synuclein pathobiology and neuroinflammation. We also present bioinformatics tools for the analysis, enrichment and annotation of the map, allowing the research community to open new avenues in PD research. The PD map is accessible at http://minerva.uni.lu/pd_map .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Samik Ghosh
- The Systems Biology Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christophe Trefois
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thanneer M. Perumal
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Wiktor Jurkowski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul M. A. Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nico Diederich
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Akihiko Kodama
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Venkata P. Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serge Eifes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- The Systems Biology Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Systems Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Open Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami, Okinawa Japan
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Kowalski JR, Dube H, Touroutine D, Rush KM, Goodwin PR, Carozza M, Didier Z, Francis MM, Juo P. The Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) ubiquitin ligase regulates GABA transmission at the C. elegans neuromuscular junction. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 58:62-75. [PMID: 24321454 PMCID: PMC4036811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission is critical for proper nervous system function. Aberrant synaptic signaling, including altered excitatory to inhibitory balance, is observed in numerous neurological diseases. The ubiquitin enzyme system controls the abundance of many synaptic proteins and thus plays a key role in regulating synaptic transmission. The Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) is a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase that was originally discovered as a key regulator of protein turnover during the cell cycle. More recently, the APC has been shown to function in postmitotic neurons, where it regulates diverse processes such as synapse development and synaptic transmission at glutamatergic synapses. Here we report that the APC regulates synaptic GABA signaling by acting in motor neurons to control the balance of excitatory (acetylcholine) to inhibitory (GABA) transmission at the Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Loss-of-function mutants in multiple APC subunits have increased muscle excitation at the NMJ; this phenotype is rescued by expression of the missing subunit in GABA neurons. Quantitative imaging and electrophysiological analyses indicate that APC mutants have decreased GABA release but normal cholinergic transmission. Consistent with this, APC mutants exhibit convulsions in a seizure assay sensitive to reductions in GABA signaling. Previous studies in other systems showed that the APC can negatively regulate the levels of the active zone protein SYD-2 Liprin-α. Similarly, we found that SYD-2 accumulates in APC mutants at GABAergic presynaptic sites. Finally, we found that the APC subunit EMB-27 CDC16 can localize to presynapses in GABA neurons. Together, our data suggest a model in which the APC acts at GABAergic presynapses to promote GABA release and inhibit muscle excitation. These findings are the first evidence that the APC regulates transmission at inhibitory synapses and have implications for understanding nervous system pathologies, such as epilepsy, that are characterized by misregulated GABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Kowalski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA.
| | - Hitesh Dube
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA.
| | - Denis Touroutine
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Kristen M Rush
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA.
| | - Patricia R Goodwin
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Marc Carozza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA.
| | - Zachary Didier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA.
| | - Michael M Francis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Peter Juo
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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