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GATA2 is epigenetically repressed in human and mouse lung tumors and is not requisite for survival of KRAS mutant lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 9:784-93. [PMID: 24807155 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA2 was recently described as a critical survival factor and therapeutic target for KRAS mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether this role is affected by epigenetic repression of GATA2 in lung cancer is unclear. METHODS GATA2 expression and promoter CpG island methylation were evaluated using human and mouse NSCLC cell lines and tumor-normal pairs. In vitro assays were used to study GATA2 repression on cell survival and during tobacco carcinogen-induced transformation. RESULTS GATA2 expression in KRAS wild-type (n = 15) and mutant (n = 10) NSCLC cell lines and primary lung tumors (n = 24) was significantly lower, 1.3- to 33.6-fold (p = 2.2 × 10(9)), compared with corresponding normal lung. GATA2 promoter was unmethylated in normal lung (0 of 10) but frequently methylated in lung tumors (96%, 159 of 165) and NSCLC cell lines (97%, 30 of 31). This highly prevalent aberrant methylation was independently validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas data for 369 NSCLC tumor-normal pairs. In vitro studies using an established carcinogen-induced premalignancy model revealed that GATA2 expression was initially repressed by chromatin remodeling followed by cytosine methylation during transformation. Similarly, expression of GATA2 in NNK-induced mouse lung tumors (n = 6) and cell lines (n = 5) was fivefold and 100-fold lower, respectively, than normal mouse lung. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GATA2 in KRAS mutant (human [n = 4] and murine [n = 5]) and wild-type (human [n = 4]) NSCLC cell lines showed that further reduction of expression (up to 95%) does not induce cell death. CONCLUSION GATA2 is epigenetically repressed in human and mouse lung tumors and its further inhibition is not a valid therapeutic strategy for KRAS mutant lung cancer.
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Wang KCW, Tosh DN, Zhang S, McMillen IC, Duffield JA, Brooks DA, Morrison JL. IGF-2R-Gαq signaling and cardiac hypertrophy in the low-birth-weight lamb. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R627-35. [PMID: 25632020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00346.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R) can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in a heterotrimeric G protein receptor-coupled manner involving αq (Gαq) or αs (Gαs). We have previously shown increased left ventricular weight and cardiac IGF-2 and IGF-2R gene expression in low-birth-weight (LBW) compared with average-birth-weight (ABW) lambs. Here, we have investigated the cardiac expression of IGF-2 gene variants, the degree of histone acetylation, and the abundance of proteins in the IGF-2R downstream signaling pathway in ABW and LBW lambs. Samples from the left ventricle of ABW and LBW lambs were collected at 21 days of age. There was increased phospho-CaMKII protein with decreased HDAC 4 abundance in the LBW compared with ABW lambs. There was increased GATA 4 and decreased phospho-troponin I abundance in LBW compared with ABW lambs, which are markers of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and impaired or reduced contractility, respectively. There was increased histone acetylation of H3K9 at IGF-2R promoter and IGF-2R intron 2 differentially methylated region in the LBW lamb. In conclusion, histone acetylation of IGF-2R may lead to increased IGF-2R mRNA expression and subsequently mediate Gαq signaling early in life via CaMKII, resulting in an increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular disease in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley C W Wang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Darran N Tosh
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Song Zhang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - I Caroline McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Jaime A Duffield
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
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203
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Mir MA, Kochuparambil ST, Abraham RS, Rodriguez V, Howard M, Hsu AP, Jackson AE, Holland SM, Patnaik MM. Spectrum of myeloid neoplasms and immune deficiency associated with germline GATA2 mutations. Cancer Med 2015; 4:490-9. [PMID: 25619630 PMCID: PMC4402062 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine-adenine-thymine-adenine 2 (GATA2) mutated disorders include the recently described MonoMAC syndrome (Monocytopenia and Mycobacterium avium complex infections), DCML (dendritic cell, monocyte, and lymphocyte deficiency), familial MDS/AML (myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia) (myeloid neoplasms), congenital neutropenia, congenital lymphedema (Emberger's syndrome), sensorineural deafness, viral warts, and a spectrum of aggressive infections seen across all age groups. While considerable efforts have been made to identify the mutations that characterize this disorder, pathogenesis remains a work in progress with less than 100 patients described in current literature. Varying clinical presentations offer diagnostic challenges. Allogeneic stem cell transplant remains the treatment of choice. Morbidity, mortality, and social costs due to the familial nature of the disease are considerable. We describe our experience with the disorder in three affected families and a comprehensive review of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Mir
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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204
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Sun C, Denisenko O, Sheth B, Cox A, Lucas ES, Smyth NR, Fleming TP. Epigenetic regulation of histone modifications and Gata6 gene expression induced by maternal diet in mouse embryoid bodies in a model of developmental programming. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:3. [PMID: 25609498 PMCID: PMC4305257 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Dietary interventions during pregnancy alter offspring fitness. We have shown mouse maternal low protein diet fed exclusively for the preimplantation period (Emb-LPD) before return to normal protein diet (NPD) for the rest of gestation, is sufficient to cause adult offspring cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Moreover, Emb-LPD blastocysts sense altered nutrition within the uterus and activate compensatory cellular responses including stimulated endocytosis within extra-embryonic trophectoderm and primitive endoderm (PE) lineages to protect fetal growth rate. However, these responses associate with later disease. Here, we investigate epigenetic mechanisms underlying nutritional programming of PE that may contribute to its altered phenotype, stabilised during subsequent development. We use embryonic stem (ES) cell lines established previously from Emb-LPD and NPD blastocysts that were differentiated into embryoid bodies (EBs) with outer PE-like layer. Results Emb-LPD EBs grow to a larger size than NPD EBs and express reduced Gata6 transcription factor (regulator of PE differentiation) at mRNA and protein levels, similar to Emb-LPD PE derivative visceral yolk sac tissue in vivo in later gestation. We analysed histone modifications at the Gata6 promoter in Emb-LPD EBs using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We found significant reduction in histone H3 and H4 acetylation and RNA polymerase II binding compared with NPD EBs, all markers of reduced transcription. Other histone modifications, H3K4Me2, H3K9Me3 and H3K27Me3, were unaltered. A similar but generally non-significant histone modification pattern was found on the Gata4 promoter. Consistent with these changes, histone deacetylase Hdac-1, but not Hdac-3, gene expression was upregulated in Emb-LPD EBs. Conclusions First, these data demonstrate ES cells and EBs retain and propagate nutritional programming adaptations in vitro, suitable for molecular analysis of mechanisms, reducing animal use. Second, they reveal maternal diet induces persistent changes in histone modifications to regulate Gata6 expression and PE growth and differentiation that may affect lifetime health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom P Fleming
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Mailpoint 840, Level D Lab & Path Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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205
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GATA family members as inducers for cellular reprogramming to pluripotency. Cell Res 2015; 25:169-80. [PMID: 25591928 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the GATA protein family play important roles in lineage specification and transdifferentiation. Previous reports show that some members of the GATA protein family can also induce pluripotency in somatic cells by substituting for Oct4, a key pluripotency-associated factor. However, the mechanism linking lineage-specifying cues and the activation of pluripotency remains elusive. Here, we report that all GATA family members can substitute for Oct4 to induce pluripotency. We found that all members of the GATA family could inhibit the overrepresented ectodermal-lineage genes, which is consistent with previous reports indicating that a balance of different lineage-specifying forces is important for the restoration of pluripotency. A conserved zinc-finger DNA-binding domain in the C-terminus is critical for the GATA family to induce pluripotency. Using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we determined that the pluripotency-related gene Sall4 is a direct target of GATA family members during reprogramming and serves as a bridge linking the lineage-specifying GATA family to the pluripotency circuit. Thus, the GATA family is the first protein family of which all members can function as inducers of the reprogramming process and can substitute for Oct4. Our results suggest that the role of GATA family in reprogramming has been underestimated and that the GATA family may serve as an important mediator of cell fate conversion.
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Ali A, Akhter MA, Haneef K, Khan I, Naeem N, Habib R, Kabir N, Salim A. Dinitrophenol modulates gene expression levels of angiogenic, cell survival and cardiomyogenic factors in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2015; 555:448-57. [PMID: 25445267 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aleem Akhter
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Haneef
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Naeem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Rakhshinda Habib
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
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Pavlov K, Honing J, Meijer C, Boersma-van Ek W, Peters FTM, van den Berg A, Karrenbeld A, Plukker JTM, Kruyt FAE, Kleibeuker JH. GATA6 expression in Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:73-80. [PMID: 25445407 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's oesophagus can progress towards oesophageal adenocarcinoma through a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The transcription factor GATA6 is known to be involved in columnar differentiation and proliferation, and GATA6 gene amplification was recently linked with poor survival in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. AIM To study the expression of GATA6 during Barrett's oesophagus development and malignant transformation. To determine the prognostic value of GATA6 in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Two retrospective cohorts were derived from the pathological archive of the University Medical Center Groningen. The first cohort contained 130 tissue samples of normal squamous epithelium, metaplasia, dysplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The second cohort consisted of a tissue microarray containing tissue from 92 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine GATA6 protein expression and to correlate GATA6 expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma with overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS The percentage of GATA6-positive cells was low in squamous epithelium (10%) but increased progressively in Barrett's oesophagus (30%, P < 0.001) and high-grade dysplasia (82%, P = 0.005). GATA6 expression was not associated with overall or disease-free survival in oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients (P = 0.599 and P = 0.700 respectively). CONCLUSION GATA6 expression is progressively increased during Barrett's oesophagus development and its malignant transformation. However, no prognostic value of GATA6 expression could be found in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Pavlov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Honing
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coby Meijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske Boersma-van Ek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans T M Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Karrenbeld
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John T M Plukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Kleibeuker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Bergeron F, Nadeau G, Viger RS. GATA4 knockdown in MA-10 Leydig cells identifies multiple target genes in the steroidogenic pathway. Reproduction 2014; 149:245-57. [PMID: 25504870 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is an essential transcription factor required for the initiation of genital ridge formation, for normal testicular and ovarian differentiation at the time of sex determination, and for male and female fertility in adulthood. In spite of its crucial roles, the genes and/or gene networks that are ultimately regulated by GATA4 in gonadal tissues remain to be fully understood. This is particularly true for the steroidogenic lineages such as Leydig cells of the testis where many in vitro (promoter) studies have provided good circumstantial evidence that GATA4 is a key regulator of Leydig cell gene expression and steroidogenesis, but formal proof is still lacking. We therefore performed a microarray screening analysis of MA-10 Leydig cells in which Gata4 expression was knocked down using an siRNA strategy. Analysis identified several GATA4-regulated pathways including cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol transport, and especially steroidogenesis. A decrease in GATA4 protein was associated with decreased expression of steroidogenic genes previously suspected to be GATA4 targets such as Cyp11a1 and Star. Gata4 knockdown also led to an important decrease in other novel steroidogenic targets including Srd5a1, Gsta3, Hsd3b1, and Hsd3b6, as well as genes known to participate in cholesterol metabolism such as Scarb1, Ldlr, Soat1, Scap, and Cyp51. Consistent with the decreased expression of these genes, a reduction in GATA4 protein compromised the ability of MA-10 cells to produce steroids both basally and under hormone stimulation. These data therefore provide strong evidence that GATA4 is an essential transcription factor that sits atop of the Leydig cell steroidogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bergeron
- ReproductionMother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Gabriel Nadeau
- ReproductionMother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Robert S Viger
- ReproductionMother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 ReproductionMother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Walker EM, Thompson CA, Kohlnhofer BM, Faber ML, Battle MA. Characterization of the developing small intestine in the absence of either GATA4 or GATA6. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:902. [PMID: 25495347 PMCID: PMC4307969 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of adult mice lacking either GATA4 or GATA6 in the small intestine demonstrate roles for these factors in small intestinal biology. Deletion of Gata4 in the adult mouse intestine revealed an essential role for GATA4 in jejunal function. Deletion of Gata6 in the adult mouse ileum alters epithelial cell types and ileal enterocyte gene expression. The effect of deletion of Gata4 or Gata6 alone during embryonic small intestinal development, however, has not been examined. We recently demonstrated that loss of both factors in double conditional knockout embryos causes severe defects in jejunal development. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide phenotypic analysis of the small intestine of single Gata4 and Gata6 conditional knockout embryos. Results Villin-Cre was used to delete Gata4 or Gata6 in the developing intestinal epithelium. Elimination of either GATA4 or GATA6 in the jejunum, where these factors are co-expressed, caused changes in enterocyte and enteroendocrine cell gene expression. Ectopic expression of markers of the ileal-specific bile acid metabolism pathway was induced in GATA4-deficient jejunum but not in GATA6-deficient jejunum. A subtle increase in goblet cells was also identified in jejunum of both mutants. In GATA6-deficient embryonic ileum, villus length was altered, and enterocyte gene expression was perturbed including ectopic expression of the colon marker Car1. Goblet cells were increased, and enteroendocrine cells were decreased. Conclusions Overall, we show that aspects of the phenotypes observed in the small intestine of adult Gata4 and Gata6 conditional knockout mice emerge during development. The effect of eliminating GATA6 from the developing ileum was greater than that of eliminating either GATA4 or GATA6 from the developing jejunum likely reflecting functional redundancy between these factors in the jejunum. Although GATA4 and GATA6 functions overlap, our data also suggest unique functions for GATA4 and GATA6 within the developing intestine. GATA4 likely operates independently of GATA6 within the jejunum to regulate jejunal versus ileal enterocyte identity and consequently jejunal physiology. GATA6 likely regulates enteroendocrine cell differentiation cell autonomously whereas GATA4 affects this population indirectly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-902) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michele A Battle
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Güemes M, Garcia AJ, Rigueur D, Runke S, Wang W, Zhao G, Mayorga VH, Atti E, Tetradis S, Péault B, Lyons K, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. GATA4 is essential for bone mineralization via ERα and TGFβ/BMP pathways. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2676-87. [PMID: 24932701 PMCID: PMC4501475 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures. GATA4 is a zinc-finger transcription factor that is important in several tissues, such as the heart and intestines, and has recently been shown to be a pioneer factor for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in osteoblast-like cells. Herein, we demonstrate that GATA4 is necessary for estrogen-mediated transcription and estrogen-independent mineralization in vitro. In vivo deletion of GATA4, driven by Cre-recombinase in osteoblasts, results in perinatal lethality, decreased trabecular bone properties, and abnormal bone development. Microarray analysis revealed GATA4 suppression of TGFβ signaling, necessary for osteoblast progenitor maintenance, and concomitant activation of BMP signaling, necessary for mineralization. Indeed, pSMAD1/5/8 signaling, downstream of BMP signaling, is decreased in the trabecular region of conditional knockout femurs, and pSMAD2/3, downstream of TGFβ signaling, is increased in the same region. Together, these experiments demonstrate the necessity of GATA4 in osteoblasts. Understanding the role of GATA4 to regulate the tissue specificity of estrogen-mediated osteoblast gene regulation and estrogen-independent bone differentiation may help to develop therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Güemes
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)/Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Review of Molecular and Mechanical Interactions in the Aortic Valve and Aorta: Implications for the Shared Pathogenesis of Aortic Valve Disease and Aortopathy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 7:823-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-014-9602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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212
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Shan JP, Wang XL, Qiao YG, Wan Yan HX, Huang WH, Pang SC, Yan B. Novel and functional DNA sequence variants within the GATA5 gene promoter in ventricular septal defects. World J Pediatr 2014; 10:348-53. [PMID: 25515806 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-014-0511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human birth defect. Genetic causes for CHD remain largely unknown. GATA transcription factor 5 (GATA 5) is an essential regulator for the heart development. Mutations in the GATA5 gene have been reported in patients with a variety of CHD. Since misregulation of gene expression have been associated with human diseases, we speculated that changed levels of cardiac transcription factors, GATA5, may mediate the development of CHD. METHODS In this study, GATA5 gene promoter was genetically and functionally analyzed in large cohorts of patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) (n=343) and ethnic-matched healthy controls (n=348). RESULTS Two novel and heterozygous DNA sequence variants (DSVs), g.61051165A>G and g.61051463delC, were identified in three VSD patients, but not in the controls. In cultured cardiomyocytes, GATA5 gene promoter activities were significantly decreased by DSV g.61051165A>G and increased by DSV g.61051463delC. Moreover, fathers of the VSD patients carrying the same DSVs had reduced diastolic function of left ventricles. Three SNPs, g.61051279C>T (rs77067995), g.61051327A>C (rs145936691) and g.61051373G>A (rs80197101), and one novel heterozygous DSV, g.61051227C>T, were found in both VSD patients and controls with similar frequencies. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that the DSVs in the GATA5 gene promoter may increase the susceptibility to the development of VSD as a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ping Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Takada K, Obayashi K, Ohashi K, Ohashi-Kobayashi A, Nakanishi-Matsui M, Maeda M. Amino-terminal extension of 146 residues of L-type GATA-6 is required for transcriptional activation but not for self-association. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:962-6. [PMID: 25234600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor GATA-6 plays essential roles in developmental processes and tissue specific functions through regulation of gene expression. GATA-6 mRNA utilizes two Met-codons in frame as translational initiation codons. Deletion of the nucleotide sequence encoding the PEST sequence (Glu(31)-Cys(46)) between the two initiation codons unusually reduced the protein molecular size on SDS-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis, and re-introduction of this sequence reversed this change. The long-type (L-type) GATA-6 containing this PEST sequence self-associated similarly to the short-type (S-type) GATA-6, as determined on co-immunoprecipitation of Myc-tagged GATA-6 with HA-tagged GATA-6. The L-type and S-type GATA-6 also interacted mutually. The L-type GATA-6 without the PEST sequence also self-associated and interacted with the S-type GATA-6. The transcriptional activation potential of L-type GATA-6 is higher than that of S-type GATA-6. When the PEST sequence (Glu(31)-Cys(46)) was inserted into the L-type GATA-6 without Arg(13)-Gly(101), the resultant recombinant protein showed significantly higher transcriptional activity, while the construct with an unrelated sequence exhibited lower activity. These results suggest that the Glu(31)-Cys(46) segment plays an important role in the transcriptional activation, although it does not participate in the self-association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Takada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kanako Obayashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ohashi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Nishitokuta 2-1-1, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ayako Ohashi-Kobayashi
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Nishitokuta 2-1-1, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nakanishi-Matsui
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Nishitokuta 2-1-1, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Masatomo Maeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Nishitokuta 2-1-1, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
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214
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Xu L, Zhao L, Yuan F, Jiang WF, Liu H, Li RG, Xu YJ, Zhang M, Fang WY, Qu XK, Yang YQ, Qiu XB. GATA6 loss-of-function mutations contribute to familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1315-22. [PMID: 25119427 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most prevalent form of primary heart muscle disease, is the third most common cause of heart failure and the most frequent reason for cardiac transplantation. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that genetic risk factors are crucial in the pathogenesis of DCM. However, DCM is genetically heterogeneous, and the genetic basis of DCM in a large majority of cases remains unclear. In the current study, the coding exons and flanking introns of the GATA6 gene, which encodes a zinc‑finger transcription factor essential for cardiogenesis, was sequenced in 140 unrelated patients with DCM, and two novel heterozygous mutations, p.C447Y and p.H475R, were identified in two index patients with DCM, respectively. Analysis of the pedigrees showed that in each family the mutation co-segregated with DCM transmitted in an autosomal-dominant pattern, with complete penetrance. The missense mutations were absent in 400 control chromosomes and predicted to be disease-causing by MutationTaster or probably damaging by PolyPhen-2. The alignment of multiple GATA6 proteins across species revealed that the altered amino acids were completely conserved evolutionarily. The functional assays showed that the mutated GATA6 proteins were associated with significantly reduced transcriptional activation in comparison with their wild-type counterpart. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the association of GATA6 loss-of-function mutations with enhanced susceptibility to familial DCM, which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism of DCM and suggests potential implications for the antenatal prophylaxis and allele-specific treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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215
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Witek ME, Snook AE, Lin JE, Blomain ES, Xiang B, Magee M, Waldman SA. A novel CDX2 isoform regulates alternative splicing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104293. [PMID: 25101906 PMCID: PMC4125279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is a dynamic and coordinated process coupling transcription with pre-mRNA processing. This regulation enables tissue-specific transcription factors to induce expression of specific transcripts that are subsequently amplified by alternative splicing allowing for increased proteome complexity and functional diversity. The intestine-specific transcription factor CDX2 regulates development and maintenance of the intestinal epithelium by inducing expression of genes characteristic of the mature enterocyte phenotype. Here, sequence analysis of CDX2 mRNA from colonic mucosa-derived tissues revealed an alternatively spliced transcript (CDX2/AS) that encodes a protein with a truncated homeodomain and a novel carboxy-terminal domain enriched in serine and arginine residues (RS domain). CDX2 and CDX2/AS exhibited distinct nuclear expression patterns with minimal areas of co-localization. CDX2/AS did not activate the CDX2-dependent promoter of guanylyl cyclase C nor inhibit transcriptional activity of CDX2. Unlike CDX2, CDX2/AS co-localized with the putative splicing factors ASF/SF2 and SC35. CDX2/AS altered splicing patterns of CD44v5 and Tra2-β1 minigenes in Lovo colon cancer cells independent of CDX2 expression. These data demonstrate unique dual functions of the CDX2 gene enabling it to regulate gene expression through both transcription (CDX2) and pre-mRNA processing (CDX2/AS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Witek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center & Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jieru E. Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erik S. Blomain
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Magee
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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216
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Mohan RA, van Engelen K, Stefanovic S, Barnett P, Ilgun A, Baars MJ, Bouma BJ, Mulder BJ, Christoffels VM, Postma AV. A mutation in the Kozak sequence ofGATA4hampers translation in a family with atrial septal defects. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2732-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv A. Mohan
- Department of Anatomy; Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Sonia Stefanovic
- Department of Anatomy; Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Anatomy; Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Aho Ilgun
- Department of Anatomy; Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Marieke J.H. Baars
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Berto J. Bouma
- Department of Cardiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Barbara J.M. Mulder
- Department of Cardiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Department of Anatomy; Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Alex V. Postma
- Department of Anatomy; Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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217
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Yue F, Zhou Z, Wang L, Wang M, Song L. A conserved zinc finger transcription factor GATA involving in the hemocyte production of scallop Chlamys farreri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:125-135. [PMID: 24835782 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
GATA are a family of transcription factors characterized by their ability to bind to the DNA sequence "GATA", and involved in a myriad of cellular processes. GATA1/2/3 factors are known as the hematopoietic GATA factors, which play dominated roles in regulating hematopoiesis. In the present study, a gene encoding GATA transcription factor (designed as CfGATA) was cloned and characterized from the scallop Chlamys farreri. The full-length cDNA of CfGATA is of 2058 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 457 amino acids with two conserved zinc finger domains, which shared high similarity with other reported GATA1/2/3 proteins. The mRNA transcripts of CfGATA showed higher expression in gills, hepatopancreas, hemocytes and heart, and the CfGATA protein expressed in HEK293 cells was found to be localized specifically in the nuclei. The recombinant CfGATA protein (rCfGATA) exhibited strong ability to bind specific WGATAR DNA sequence by electrophoretic mobility shift assay in vitro. After CfGATA gene was silenced by RNA interference, the hemocyte renewal rate and circulating total hemocyte count (THC) decreased significantly, which was 7.85-fold and 19.46-fold lower than that of PBS control, respectively (P < 0.05). After LPS stimulation, the expression level of CfGATA mRNA decreased significantly in the hemocytes of PBS or EGFP dsRNA treated scallops, which was accompanied by the increase of hemocyte renewal rate and the reduced circulating THC at 24 h. In contrast, the hemocyte renewal rate and circulating THC did not change significantly in CfGATA gene interfered scallops after LPS stimulation. These results suggested that CfGATA, as a conserved GATA1/2/3 transcription factor, plays essential roles in regulating hemocyte production of scallop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
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218
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Rare GATA5 sequence variants identified in individuals with bicuspid aortic valve. Pediatr Res 2014; 76:211-6. [PMID: 24796370 PMCID: PMC5717758 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common type of congenital heart disease (CHD) and has a proposed genetic etiology. BAV is categorized by cusp fusion, with right-left (R-L) cusp fusion being associated with additional CHD, and right-noncoronary cusp (R-NC) fusion being associated with aortic valve dysfunction. Loss of murine Gata5, which encodes a cardiac transcription factor, results in a partially penetrant R-NC BAV, and we hypothesize that mutations in GATA5 are associated with R-NC BAV in humans. METHODS A cohort of 78 BAV patients (50 with isolated BAV and 28 with associated aortic coarctation) was analyzed using Sanger sequencing to identify GATA5 sequence variants. Biochemical assays were performed to identify functional deficits of identified sequence variants. RESULTS We identified two rare heterozygous nonsynonymous variants, p.Gln3Arg and p.Leu233Pro, for a frequency of 2.6% (2/78). Both individuals with nonsynonymous variants had BAV and aortic coarctation, one R-L and one R-NC subtype. Of the nonsynonymous variants, only p.Gln3Arg demonstrated decreased transcriptional activity in vitro. CONCLUSION Rare sequence variants in GATA5 are associated with human BAV. Our findings suggest a genotype-phenotype correlation in regards to associated CHD but not cusp fusion.
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219
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Cardiopathogenic mediators generated by GATA4 signaling upon co-activation with endothelin-1 and Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Microb Pathog 2014; 73:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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220
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Hong J, Wang L, Zhao X, Yu X, Sheng L, Xu B, Liu D, Zhu Y, Long Y, Hong F. Th2 factors may be involved in TiO₂ NP-induced hepatic inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6871-8. [PMID: 24971501 DOI: 10.1021/jf501428w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are used in the food industry but have potential toxic effects in humans and animals. The resulting immune response is driven by the production of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, which contribute to the development of hepatic inflammation. However, TiO2 NPs have been demonstrated to impair liver function and cause liver inflammation in animal models, which may be associated with activation of Th2 factor-mediated pathways. Mice were administered a gavage instillation of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight TiO2 NPs for six consecutive months. We investigated whether TiO2 NPs activate the Th2 factor-mediated signaling pathway under TiO2 NP-induced hepatic toxicity. The results showed that mice exhibited an accumulation of titanium in the liver, which in turn led to reductions in body weight, increases in liver indices, liver dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and hepatocyte apoptosis or necrosis. Furthermore, hepatic inflammation was accompanied by increased (0.67 ± 0.09- to 2.14 ± 0.19-fold) IL-4 expression and up-regulation of its target genes including IL-5 (0.1 ± 0.06- to 0.69 ± 0.12-fold), IL-12 (0.08 ± 0.03- to 0.83 ± 0.21-fold), IFN-γ (0.17 ± 0.09- to 0.87 ± 0.15-fold), GATA3 (0.05 ± 0.02- to 1.29 ± 0.18-fold), GATA4 (0.04 ± 0.01- to 0.87 ± 0.13-fold), T-bet (0.3 ± 0.06- to 0.93 ± 0.15-fold), RORγt (0.32 ± 0.11- to 1.67 ± 0.17-fold), STAt3 (0.16 ± 0.06- to 2.14 ± 0.23-fold), STAT6 (0.2 ± 0.05- to 0.63 ± 0.12-fold), eotaxin (0.53 ± 0.13- to 1.49 ± 0.21-fold), MCP-1 (0.5 ± 0.11- to 0.74 ± 0.18-fold), and MIP-2 (0.27 ± 0.07- to 0.71 ± 0.18-fold) and significant down-regulation of its target gene STAT1 (-0.15 ± 0.05 to -0.81 ± 0.11-fold). Taken together, the alteration of Th2 factor expression may be involved in the control of hepatic inflammation induced by chronic TiO2 NP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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221
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Impact of GATA4 variants on stable warfarin doses in patients with prosthetic heart valves. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 15:33-7. [PMID: 25026456 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interindividual variability in stable warfarin doses is largely attributed to VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants. On the basis of a recent finding of the role of GATA4 in control of CYP2C9 expression, we tested a possible effect of GATA4 genotypes on variability in warfarin response using 201 Korean patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2645400 (G>T) and rs4841588 (G>T), were significantly associated with stable warfarin doses in patients carrying CYP2C9 wild-type homozygotes; homozygote carriers of these two SNPs required higher doses than those with other genotypes (5.94±1.73 versus 5.34±1.88 mg, P=0.026; 5.94±1.66 versus 5.37±1.92, P=0.036, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that two GATA4 combinations, rs867858 (G>T)/rs10090884 (A>C) and rs2645400 (G>T)/rs4841588 (G>T), increased contribution to the overall warfarin dose variability from 36.4 to 40.9%. This study revealed that GATA4 can be predictive of stable warfarin dose and extended warfarin pharmacogenetics further to the regulation of CYP2C9 expression.
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222
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Chen M, Yi B, Sun J. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by protein arginine methyltransferase 5. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24325-35. [PMID: 25012667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.577494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a protein arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues within target proteins, has been implicated in many essential cellular processes ranging from the regulation of gene expression to cell proliferation and differentiation. PRMT5 is highly expressed in the heart; the functional role of PRMT5 in the heart, however, remains largely elusive. In the present study, we show that PRMT5 specifically interacts with GATA4 in both co-transfected HEK293T cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by co-immunoprecipitation. Importantly, this interaction leads to the arginine methylation of GATA4 at positions of 229, 265, and 317, which leads to an inhibition of the GATA4 transcriptional activity, predominantly through blocking the p300-mediated acetylation of GATA4 in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, overexpression of PRMT5 substantially inhibited the acetylation of GATA4 and cardiac hypertrophic responses in phenylephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes, whereas knockdown of PRMT5 induced GATA4 activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, in response to phenylephrine stimulation, PRMT5 translocates into the cytoplasm, thus relieving its repression on GATA4 activity in the nucleus and leading to hypertrophic gene expression in cardiomyocytes. These findings indicate that PRMT5 is an essential regulator of myocardial hypertrophic signaling and suggest that strategies aimed at activating PRMT5 in the heart may represent a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Bing Yi
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Jianxin Sun
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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223
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Tevosian SG. Transgenic mouse models in the study of reproduction: insights into GATA protein function. Reproduction 2014; 148:R1-R14. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the past 2 decades, transgenic technology in mice has allowed for an unprecedented insight into the transcriptional control of reproductive development and function. The key factor among the mouse genetic tools that made this rapid advance possible is a conditional transgenic approach, a particularly versatile method of creating gene deletions and substitutions in the mouse genome. A centerpiece of this strategy is an enzyme, Cre recombinase, which is expressed from defined DNA regulatory elements that are active in the tissue of choice. The regulatory DNA element (either genetically engineered or natural) assures Cre expression only in predetermined cell types, leading to the guided deletion of genetically modified (flanked by loxP or ‘floxed’ byloxP) gene loci. This review summarizes and compares the studies in which genes encoding GATA family transcription factors were targeted either globally or by Cre recombinases active in the somatic cells of ovaries and testes. The conditional gene loss experiments require detailed knowledge of the spatial and temporal expression of Cre activity, and the challenges in interpreting the outcomes are highlighted. These studies also expose the complexity of GATA-dependent regulation of gonadal gene expression and suggest that gene function is highly context dependent.
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224
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Cano DA, Soria B, Martín F, Rojas A. Transcriptional control of mammalian pancreas organogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2383-402. [PMID: 24221136 PMCID: PMC11113897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of pancreas development has markedly expanded over the last decade, significantly advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control pancreas organogenesis. This growth has been fueled, in part, by the need to generate new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diabetes. The creation of sophisticated genetic tools in mice has been instrumental in this progress. Genetic manipulation involving activation or inactivation of genes within specific cell types has allowed the identification of many transcription factors (TFs) that play critical roles in the organogenesis of the pancreas. Interestingly, many of these TFs act at multiple stages of pancreatic development, and adult organ function or repair. Interaction with other TFs, extrinsic signals, and epigenetic regulation are among the mechanisms by which TFs may play context-dependent roles during pancreas organogenesis. Many of the pancreatic TFs directly regulate each other and their own expression. These combinatorial interactions generate very specific gene regulatory networks that can define the different cell lineages and types in the developing pancreas. Here, we review recent progress made in understanding the role of pancreatic TFs in mouse pancreas formation. We also summarize our current knowledge of human pancreas development and discuss developmental pancreatic TFs that have been associated with human pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Cano
- Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n., Parque Científico Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n., Parque Científico Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n., Parque Científico Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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225
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Apocynum Tablet Protects against Cardiac Hypertrophy via Inhibiting AKT and ERK1/2 Phosphorylation after Pressure Overload. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:769515. [PMID: 25093027 PMCID: PMC4100359 DOI: 10.1155/2014/769515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background. Cardiac hypertrophy occurs in many cardiovascular diseases. Apocynum tablet (AT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in China to treat patients with hypertension. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of AT on the hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy remain elusive. The current study evaluated the effect and mechanisms of AT on cardiac hypertrophy. Methods. We created a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy by inducing pressure overload with surgery of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and then explored the effect of AT on the development of cardiac hypertrophy using 46 mice in 4 study groups (combinations of AT and TAC). In addition, we evaluated the signaling pathway of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and protein expression of GATA4 in the cardioprotective effects of AT using Western blot. Results. AT inhibited the phosphorylation of Thr202/Tyr204 sites of ERK1/2, Ser473 site of AKT, and protein expression of GATA4 and significantly inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis at 2 weeks after TAC surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusions. We experimentally demonstrated that AT inhibits cardiac hypertrophy via suppressing phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT.
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Chen B, Moore TV, Li Z, Sperling AI, Zhang C, Andrade J, Rodriguez A, Bahroos N, Huang Y, Morrisey EE, Gruber PJ, Solway J. Gata5 deficiency causes airway constrictor hyperresponsiveness in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:787-95. [PMID: 24199649 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0294oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gata5 is a transcription factor expressed in the lung, but its physiological role is unknown. To test whether and how Gata5 regulates airway constrictor responsiveness, we studied Gata5(-/-), Gata5(+/-), and wild-type mice on the C57BL/6J background. Cholinergic airway constrictor responsiveness was assessed invasively in mice without and with induction of allergic airway inflammation through ovalbumin sensitization and aerosol exposure. Gata5-deficient mice displayed native airway constrictor hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the absence of allergen-induced inflammation. Gata5-deficient mice retained their relatively greater constrictor responsiveness even in ovalbumin-induced experimental asthma. Gata5 deficiency did not alter the distribution of cell types in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but bronchial epithelial mucus metaplasia was more prominent in Gata5(-/-) mice after allergen challenge. Gene expression profiles revealed that apolipoprotein E (apoE) was the fifth most down-regulated transcript in Gata5-deficient lungs, and quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining confirmed reduced apoE expression in Gata5(-/-) mice. Quantitative RT-PCR also revealed increased IL-13 mRNA in the lungs of Gata5-deficient mice. These findings for the first time show that Gata5 regulates apoE and IL-13 expression in vivo and that its deletion causes AHR. Gata5-deficient mice exhibit an airway phenotype that closely resembles that previously reported for apoE(-/-) mice: both exhibit cholinergic AHR in native and experimental asthma states, and there is excessive goblet cell metaplasia after allergen sensitization and challenge. The Gata5-deficient phenotype also shares features that were previously reported for IL-13-treated mice. Together, these results indicate that Gata5 deficiency induces AHR, at least in part, by blunting apoE and increasing IL-13 expression.
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227
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Padua MB, Fox SC, Jiang T, Morse DA, Tevosian SG. Simultaneous gene deletion of gata4 and gata6 leads to early disruption of follicular development and germ cell loss in the murine ovary. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:24. [PMID: 24899573 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cell formation and subsequent follicular assembly are important for ovarian development and function. Two members of the GATA family of transcription factors, GATA4 and GATA6, are expressed in ovarian somatic cells early in development, and their importance in adult ovarian function has been recently highlighted. In this study, we demonstrated that the embryonic loss of Gata4 and Gata6 expression within the ovary results in a strong down-regulation of genes involved in the ovarian developmental pathway (Fst and Irx3) as well as diminished expression of the pregranulosa and granulosa cell markers SPRR2 and FOXL2, respectively. Postnatal ovaries deficient in both Gata genes show impaired somatic cell proliferation and arrested follicular development at the primordial stage, where oocytes are either enclosed by one layer of squamous granulosa cells or remain in germ cell nests/clusters. Furthermore, germ cell nests and primordial follicles are predominantly localized to the central region of the Sf1Cre; Gata4(flox/flox) Gata6(flox/flox) ovaries, where the boundary between the medulla and cortex is almost nonexistent. Lastly, most of the oocytes are lost early in development in conditional double mutant ovaries, which confirms the importance of normally differentiated granulosa cells as supporting cells for oocyte survival. Thus, both GATA4 and GATA6 proteins are fundamental regulators of granulosa cell differentiation and proliferation, and consequently of proper follicular assembly during normal ovarian development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Padua
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shawna C Fox
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Deborah A Morse
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sergei G Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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228
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Muiya NP, Wakil S, Al-Najai M, Tahir AI, Baz B, Andres E, Al-Boudari O, Al-Tassan N, Al-Shahid M, Meyer BF, Dzimiri N. A study of the role of GATA2 gene polymorphism in coronary artery disease risk traits. Gene 2014; 544:152-8. [PMID: 24786211 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The GATA2 is a multi-catalytic transcription factor believed to play an important role in regulating inflammatory processes, largely contributory to cardiovascular-related events. However, its role in coronary artery disease (CAD) risk traits remains poorly understood. In a preliminary study using Affymetrix 250K, we established a link on chromosome (chr) 3, which harbors the GATA2 gene, to early onset of CAD in two families with heterozygous familial hyperlipidemia (HFH), suggesting a role for the gene in metabolic-related CAD in the general population. We then sequenced the gene in the families and an additional 200 individuals in the general population, followed by an association study for 8 SNPs on CAD metabolic risk traits in a total of 4557 individuals (2386 CAD cases versus 2171 angiographed controls) by the Applied Biosystems real-time PCR system. The rs1573949_C [1.15(1.00-1.32); p=0.049] was associated with MI, rs7431368_AA [5.2(1.05-26.60); p=0.43] conferred risk for harboring low high density lipoprotein, and obesity was linked to rs10934857_AA [5.69(1.04-30.98); p=0.045] following Bonferroni corrections and multivariate adjustments for confounders. Furthermore, a haplotype CCCGGGTC (χ(2)=4.23; p=0.04) constructed from the eight studied SNPs and its 6-mer derivative CGGGTC (χ(2)=5.05; p=0.025) were associated with CAD. Obesity was associated with the 6-mer CATAAA (χ(2)=3.66; p=0.049), and hypercholesterolemia was linked to the 8-mer CCTGGACC (χ(2)=6.02; p=0.014), but most significantly so with its 5-mer derivative, CTGGA (χ(2)=6.75; p=0.009). On the other hand, high low density lipoprotein was linked to TGG (χ(2)=4.48; p=0.034). Our study points to an association of GATA2 at both SNP and haplotype levels with important metabolic risk traits for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nzioka P Muiya
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Wakil
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Najai
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma I Tahir
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batoul Baz
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Editha Andres
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olyan Al-Boudari
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al-Tassan
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maie Al-Shahid
- King Faisal Heart Institute, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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229
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Oka T, Akazawa H, Naito AT, Komuro I. Angiogenesis and cardiac hypertrophy: maintenance of cardiac function and causative roles in heart failure. Circ Res 2014; 114:565-71. [PMID: 24481846 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.300507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to physiological and pathological overload. In response to the overload, individual cardiac myocytes become mechanically stretched and activate intracellular hypertrophic signaling pathways to re-use embryonic transcription factors and to increase the synthesis of various proteins, such as structural and contractile proteins. These hypertrophic responses increase oxygen demand and promote myocardial angiogenesis to dissolve the hypoxic situation and to maintain cardiac contractile function; thus, these responses suggest crosstalk between cardiac myocytes and microvasculature. However, sustained pathological overload induces maladaptation and cardiac remodeling, resulting in heart failure. In recent years, specific understanding has increased with regard to the molecular processes and cell-cell interactions that coordinate myocardial growth and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of coordinated myocardial growth and angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Oka
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.O., A.T.N., I.K.); Departments of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics (H.A.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (H.A., A.T.N., I.K.), The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.O., H.A., A.T.N., I.K.)
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230
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Hsieh YP, Huang CH, Lee CY, Lin CY, Chang CC. Silencing of hepcidin enforces the apoptosis in iron-induced human cardiomyocytes. J Occup Med Toxicol 2014; 9:11. [PMID: 24641804 PMCID: PMC3995429 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is essential not only for erythropoisis but also for several bioenergetics' processes in myocardium. Hepcidin is a well-known regulator of iron homeostasis. Recently, researchers identified low hepcidin was independently associated with increased 3-year mortality among systolic heart failure patients. In addition, our previous in vivo study revealed that the left ventricular mass index increased in chronic kidney disease patients with lower serum hepcidin. We hypothesize that hepcidin interacts with the apoptotic pathway of cardiomyocytes during oxidative stress conditions. METHODS To test this hypothesis, human cardiomyocytes were cultured and treated with ferrous iron. The possible underlying signaling pathways of cardiotoxicity were examined following knockdown studies using siRNAs of hepcidin (siRNA1 was used as a negative control and siRNA2 was used to silence hepcidin). RESULTS We found that ferrous iron induces apoptosis in human cardiomyocytes in a dose-dependent manner. This iron-induced apoptosis was linked to enhanced caspase 8, reduced Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, phosphorylated Akt and GATA-4. Hepcidin levels increased in human cardiomyocytes pretreated with ferrous iron and returned to non-iron treated levels following siRNA2 transfection. In iron pretreated cardiomyocytes, the siRNA2 transfection further increased caspase 8 expression and decreased the expression of GATA-4, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and phosphorylated Akt than iron pretreatment alone, but caspase 9 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that hepcidin can rescue human cardiomyocytes from iron-induced apoptosis through the regulation of GATA-4/Bcl-2 and the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Peng Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanhsiao St., Changhua 500, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Lin
- Clinical Immunological Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanhsiao St., Changhua 500, Taiwan.,Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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231
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Aronson BE, Stapleton KA, Krasinski SD. Role of GATA factors in development, differentiation, and homeostasis of the small intestinal epithelium. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G474-90. [PMID: 24436352 PMCID: PMC3949026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00119.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The small intestinal epithelium develops from embryonic endoderm into a highly specialized layer of cells perfectly suited for the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The development, differentiation, and regeneration of the small intestinal epithelium require complex gene regulatory networks involving multiple context-specific transcription factors. The evolutionarily conserved GATA family of transcription factors, well known for its role in hematopoiesis, is essential for the development of endoderm during embryogenesis and the renewal of the differentiated epithelium in the mature gut. We review the role of GATA factors in the evolution and development of endoderm and summarize our current understanding of the function of GATA factors in the mature small intestine. We offer perspective on the application of epigenetics approaches to define the mechanisms underlying context-specific GATA gene regulation during intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz E. Aronson
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ,2Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Kelly A. Stapleton
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Stephen D. Krasinski
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ,3Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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232
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Dyson MT, Roqueiro D, Monsivais D, Ercan CM, Pavone ME, Brooks DC, Kakinuma T, Ono M, Jafari N, Dai Y, Bulun SE. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis predicts an epigenetic switch for GATA factor expression in endometriosis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004158. [PMID: 24603652 PMCID: PMC3945170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined by the extrauterine growth of endometrial-like cells that cause chronic pain and infertility. The disease is limited to primates that exhibit spontaneous decidualization, and diseased cells are characterized by significant defects in the steroid-dependent genetic pathways that typify this process. Altered DNA methylation may underlie these defects, but few regions with differential methylation have been implicated in the disease. We mapped genome-wide differences in DNA methylation between healthy human endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells and correlated this with gene expression using an interaction analysis strategy. We identified 42,248 differentially methylated CpGs in endometriosis compared to healthy cells. These extensive differences were not unidirectional, but were focused intragenically and at sites distal to classic CpG islands where methylation status was typically negatively correlated with gene expression. Significant differences in methylation were mapped to 403 genes, which included a disproportionally large number of transcription factors. Furthermore, many of these genes are implicated in the pathology of endometriosis and decidualization. Our results tremendously improve the scope and resolution of differential methylation affecting the HOX gene clusters, nuclear receptor genes, and intriguingly the GATA family of transcription factors. Functional analysis of the GATA family revealed that GATA2 regulates key genes necessary for the hormone-driven differentiation of healthy stromal cells, but is hypermethylated and repressed in endometriotic cells. GATA6, which is hypomethylated and abundant in endometriotic cells, potently blocked hormone sensitivity, repressed GATA2, and induced markers of endometriosis when expressed in healthy endometrial cells. The unique epigenetic fingerprint in endometriosis suggests DNA methylation is an integral component of the disease, and identifies a novel role for the GATA family as key regulators of uterine physiology-aberrant DNA methylation in endometriotic cells correlates with a shift in GATA isoform expression that facilitates progesterone resistance and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Dyson
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Damian Roqueiro
- Laboratory of Computational Functional Genomics, Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Diana Monsivais
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - C. Mutlu Ercan
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mary Ellen Pavone
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David C. Brooks
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Toshiyuki Kakinuma
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Masanori Ono
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadereh Jafari
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yang Dai
- Laboratory of Computational Functional Genomics, Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Serdar E. Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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233
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Cooperative interaction of Etv2 and Gata2 regulates the development of endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. Dev Biol 2014; 389:208-18. [PMID: 24583263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms that govern lineage specification of the mesodermal progenitors to become endothelial and hematopoietic cells remain an area of intense interest. Both Ets and Gata factors have been shown to have important roles in the transcriptional regulation in endothelial and hematopoietic cells. We previously reported Etv2 as an essential regulator of vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis. In the present study, we demonstrate that Gata2 is co-expressed and interacts with Etv2 in the endothelial and hematopoietic cells in the early stages of embryogenesis. Our studies reveal that Etv2 interacts with Gata2 in vitro and in vivo. The protein-protein interaction between Etv2 and Gata2 is mediated by the Ets and Gata domains. Using the embryoid body differentiation system, we demonstrate that co-expression of Gata2 augments the activity of Etv2 in promoting endothelial and hematopoietic lineage differentiation. We also identify Spi1 as a common downstream target gene of Etv2 and Gata2. We provide evidence that Etv2 and Gata2 bind to the Spi1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we propose that Gata2 functions as a cofactor of Etv2 in the transcriptional regulation of mesodermal progenitors during embryogenesis.
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234
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Yuan X, Xia L, Dong X, Hu S, Zhang Y, Ding F, Liu H, Li L, Wang J. Transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6: molecular characterization, expression patterns and possible functions during goose (Anser cygnoides) follicle development. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:83-91. [PMID: 24531706 PMCID: PMC3999398 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6, members of the GATA family, play an important role in ovarian cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In this study, the full-length coding sequences of goose GATA-4 and GATA-6 were cloned and characterized. GATA-4 and GATA-6 consist of 1236 and 1104 nucleotides encoding proteins with 411 and 367 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of both proteins include two adjacent zinc finger domains with the distinctive form (CVNC-X17-CNAC)-X29-(CANC-X17-CNAC) and share 84.76% identity within this domain. In silico prediction together with matching of the high affinity RRXS(T)Y motif revealed that the GATA-4 protein might be phosphorylated predominantly at S(233), but no phosphorylation site was found in the GATA-6 protein. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that GATA-4 and GATA-6 mRNAs were co-expressed in goose follicles, moderately expressed in granulosa cells and weakly expressed in theca cells. The expression level of GATA-4 mRNA in healthy follicles was significantly higher than in atretic follicles or postovulatory follicles (P<0.01), and the expression level of GATA-6 mRNA in healthy follicles was significantly lower than in atretic follicles or postovulatory follicles (P<0.01). The expression level of GATA-4 mRNA in granulosa cells was downregulated during follicle development; the peak of expression occurred in the 8-10 mm follicles, and the lowest expression was in the F1 follicles. GATA-6 was upregulated and reached its peak expression in the F1 follicles. These results indicate that the molecular structural differences in goose GATA-4 and GATA-6 may be related to their different roles during follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
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235
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Mazaud-Guittot S, Prud'homme B, Bouchard MF, Bergeron F, Daems C, Tevosian SG, Viger RS. GATA4 autoregulates its own expression in mouse gonadal cells via its distal 1b promoter. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:25. [PMID: 24352556 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor GATA4 is required for the development and function of the mammalian gonads. We first reported that the GATA4 gene in both human and rodents is expressed as two major alternative transcripts that differ solely in their first untranslated exon (exon 1a vs. exon 1b). We had also showed by quantitative PCR that in mouse tissues, both Gata4 exon 1a- and 1b-containing transcripts are present in all sites that are normally positive for GATA4 protein. In adult tissues, exon 1a-containing transcripts generally predominate. A notable exception, however, is the testis where the Gata4 exon 1a and 1b transcripts exhibit a similar level of expression. We now confirm by in situ hybridization analysis that each transcript is also strongly expressed during gonad differentiation in both sexes in the rat. To gain further insights into how Gata4 gene expression is controlled, we characterized the mouse Gata4 promoter sequence located upstream of exon 1b. In vitro studies revealed that the Gata4 1b promoter is less active than the 1a promoter in several gonadal cell lines tested. Whereas we have previously shown that endogenous Gata4 transcription driven by the 1a promoter is dependent on a proximally located Ebox motif, we now show using complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches that Gata4 promoter 1b-directed expression is regulated by GATA4 itself. Thus, Gata4 transcription in the gonads and other tissues is ensured by distinct promoters that are regulated differentially and independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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236
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The miR-363-GATA6-Lgr5 pathway is critical for colorectal tumourigenesis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3150. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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237
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van Berlo JH, Aronow BJ, Molkentin JD. Parsing the roles of the transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 in the adult cardiac hypertrophic response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84591. [PMID: 24391969 PMCID: PMC3877334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional code that programs cardiac hypertrophy involves the zinc finger-containing DNA binding factors GATA-4 and GATA-6, both of which are required to mount a hypertrophic response of the adult heart. Here we performed conditional gene deletion of Gata4 or Gata6 in the mouse heart in conjunction with reciprocal gene replacement using a transgene encoding either GATA-4 or GATA-6 in the heart as a means of parsing dosage effects of GATA-4 and GATA-6 versus unique functional roles. We determined that GATA-4 and GATA-6 play a redundant and dosage-sensitive role in programming the hypertrophic growth response of the heart following pressure overload stimulation. However, non-redundant functions were identified in allowing the heart to compensate and resist heart failure after pressure overload stimulation, as neither Gata4 nor Gata6 deletion was fully rescued by expression of the reciprocal transgene. For example, only Gata4 heart-specific deletion blocked the neoangiogenic response to pressure overload stimulation. Gene expression profiling from hearts of these gene-deleted mice showed both overlapping and unique transcriptional codes, which is presented. These results indicate that GATA-4 and GATA-6 play a dosage-dependent and redundant role in programming cardiac hypertrophy, but that each has a more complex role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis and resistance to heart failure following injury that cannot be compensated by the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jop H. van Berlo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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238
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Epicardial GATA factors regulate early coronary vascular plexus formation. Dev Biol 2013; 386:204-15. [PMID: 24380800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During early development, GATA factors have been shown to be important for key events of coronary vasculogenesis, including formation of the epicardium. Myocardial GATA factors are required for coronary vascular (CV) formation; however, the role of epicardial localized GATAs in this process has not been addressed. The current study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which the epicardium controls coronary vasculogenesis, focusing on the role of epicardial GATAs in establishing the endothelial plexus during early coronary vasculogenesis. To address the role of epicardial GATAs, we ablated GATA4 and GATA6 transcription factors specifically from the mouse epicardium and found that the number of endothelial cells in the sub-epicardium was drastically reduced, and concomitant coronary vascular plexus formation was significantly compromised. Here we present evidence for a novel role for epicardial GATA factors in controlling plexus formation by recruiting endothelial cells to the sub-epicardium.
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Tang Y, Wei Y, He W, Wang Y, Zhong J, Qin C. GATA transcription factors in vertebrates: evolutionary, structural and functional interplay. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 289:203-14. [PMID: 24368683 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factors perform conserved and essential roles during animal development, including germ-layer specification, hematopoiesis, and cardiogenesis. The evolutionary history and the changes in selection pressures following duplication of the six GATA family members in vertebrates have not been completely understood. Recently, we explored multiple databases to find GATAs in different vertebrate species. Using these sequences, we have performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods, and statistical tests of tree topologies, to ascertain the phylogenetic relationship and selection pressures among GATA proteins. Seventy-one full-length cDNA sequences from 24 vertebrate species were extracted from multiple databases. By phylogenetic analyses, we investigated the origin, conservation, and evolution of the GATAs. Six GATA genes in vertebrates might be formed by gene duplication. The inferred evolutionary transitions that separate members which belong to different gene clusters correlated with changes in functional properties. Selection analysis and protein structure analysis were combined to explain Darwinian selection in GATA sequences and these changes brought putative biological significance. 26 positive selection sites were detected in this process. This study reveals the evolutionary history of vertebrate GATA paralogous and positively selected sites likely relevant for the distinct functional properties of the paralogs. It provides a new perspective for understanding the origin and evolution and biological functions of GATAs, which will help to uncover the GATAs' biological roles, evolution and their relationship with associated diseases; in addition, other complex multidomain families and also larger superfamilies can be investigated in a similar way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuang Yong Road, Nanning, 530021, China,
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Broderick TL, Wang D, Jankowski M, Gutkowska J. Unexpected effects of voluntary exercise training on natriuretic peptide and receptor mRNA expression in the ob/ob mouse heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 188:52-9. [PMID: 24365091 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise is generally recommended for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exercise reduces body weight, improves glycemic control and cardiovascular (CV) function. This study was designed to determine the impact of voluntary wheel running on the cardiac oxytocin (OT)-natriuretic peptide (NP) system and plasma CV risk factors in the ob/ob mouse, a model of insulin resistance coupled with severe obesity. Five-week-old male ob/ob mice and non-obese heterozygote control littermates were assigned to either a sedentary or running group. Voluntary running was performed using a wheel system for a period of 8 weeks. Compared to non-obese mice, daily running activity expressed in kilometers, was significantly lower in ob/ob mice. In these mice, voluntary running improved body weight, but exacerbated CV markers, including plasma glucose and triglyceride levels. OT receptor gene expression was decreased in hearts of ob/ob mice compared to non-obese mice, and no improvement in the expression of this receptor was observed after voluntary running. Hearts from ob/ob mice also expressed lower BNP mRNA, whereas no differences in A- and C-type NP were observed between non-obese and ob/ob mice. After voluntary running, a downregulation in the expression of all three NPs coupled with increased apoptosis was observed in ob/ob hearts. Our results show that voluntary exercise running activity was decreased in the ob/ob mouse. Surprisingly, this was associated with a worsening of common CV plasma markers, reduced expression of peptides linked to the cardioprotective OT-NP system, and increased expression of cardiac apoptotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
| | - Donghao Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal-Hôtel-Dieu Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marek Jankowski
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal-Hôtel-Dieu Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jolanta Gutkowska
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal-Hôtel-Dieu Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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241
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Bai H, Sakurai T, Godkin JD, Imakawa K. Expression and in situ localization of GATA4, 5 and 6 mRNAs in ovine conceptuses and uterine endometria during the peri-implantation period. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:388-94. [PMID: 24329758 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, six GATA transcription factors, GATA1 through GATA6, have been identified and GATA1-3 is known to be involved in hematopoietic developments, while GATA4-6 play roles in cardiac and endoderm developments. Recently, we and others have found that GATA2 and GATA3 found in the trophectoderm plays a role in gene expression specific to this cell type, but GATA4-6 have not been well characterized in early embryonic developments. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and in situ hybridization, we examined the expression of GATA4, 5 and 6 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in ovine conceptuses and uteri during the peri-implantation period. In ovine conceptuses, GATA4, 5 and 6 transcripts were present on days 15, 17 and 21 (day 0 = day of mating), and high GATA5 and 6 mRNAs were found on day 21, most of which were localized in the trophectoderm and endoderm. Moreover, minute and substantial GATA4 and 5 mRNAs were found in days 15 and 21 uterine endometria, respectively. Increase in GATA4-6 transcripts in day 21 uteri indicates that in addition to GATA1-3, GATA4-6 may also play a potentially novel role in the development of ovine trophectoderm, endoderm and/or uterine endometria following conceptus attachment to the uterine epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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242
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Zheng R, Rebolledo-Jaramillo B, Zong Y, Wang L, Russo P, Hancock W, Stanger BZ, Hardison RC, Blobel GA. Function of GATA factors in the adult mouse liver. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83723. [PMID: 24367609 PMCID: PMC3867416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA transcription factors and their Friend of Gata (FOG) cofactors control the development of diverse tissues. GATA4 and GATA6 are essential for the expansion of the embryonic liver bud, but their expression patterns and functions in the adult liver are unclear. We characterized the expression of GATA and FOG factors in whole mouse liver and purified hepatocytes. GATA4, GATA6, and FOG1 are the most prominently expressed family members in whole liver and hepatocytes. GATA4 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) identified 4409 occupied sites, associated with genes enriched in ontologies related to liver function, including lipid and glucose metabolism. However, hepatocyte-specific excision of Gata4 had little impact on gross liver architecture and function, even under conditions of regenerative stress, and, despite the large number of GATA4 occupied genes, resulted in relatively few changes in gene expression. To address possible redundancy between GATA4 and GATA6, both factors were conditionally excised. Surprisingly, combined Gata4,6 loss did not exacerbate the phenotype resulting from Gata4 loss alone. This points to the presence of an unusually robust transcriptional network in adult hepatocytes that ensures the maintenance of liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Zheng
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Boris Rebolledo-Jaramillo
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yiwei Zong
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Liqing Wang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Pierre Russo
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wayne Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ross C. Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gerd A. Blobel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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243
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Muiya NP, Wakil SM, Tahir AI, Hagos S, Najai M, Gueco D, Al-Tassan N, Andres E, Mazher N, Meyer BF, Dzimiri N. A study of the role of GATA4 polymorphism in cardiovascular metabolic disorders. Hum Genomics 2013; 7:25. [PMID: 24330461 PMCID: PMC3899629 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was designed to evaluate the association of GATA4 gene polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its metabolic risk factors, including dyslipidaemic disorders, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, following a preliminary study linking early onset of CAD in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia to chromosome 8, which harbours the GATA4 gene. RESULTS We first sequenced the whole GATA4 gene in 250 individuals to identify variants of interest and then investigated the association of 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the disease traits using Taqman chemistry in 4,278 angiographed Saudi individuals. Of the studied SNPs, rs804280 (1.14 (1.03 to 1.27); p = 0.009) was associated with CAD (2,274 cases vs 2,004 controls), hypercholesterolaemia (1,590 vs 2,487) (1.61 (1.03-2.52); p = 0.037) and elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (hLDLC) (575 vs 3,404) (1.87 (1.10-3.15); p = 0.020). Additionally, rs3729855_T (1.52 (1.09-2.11; p = 0.013)) and rs17153743 (AG + GG) (2.30 (1.30-4.26); p = 0.005) were implicated in hypertension (3,312 vs 966), following adjustments for confounders. Furthermore, haplotypes CCCGTGCC (χ2 = 4.71; p = 0.041) and GACCCGTG (χ2 = 3.84; p = 0.050) constructed from the SNPs were associated with CAD and ACCCACGC (χ2 = 6.58; p = 0.010) with myocardial infarction, while hypercholesterolaemia (χ2 = 3.86; p = 0.050) and hLDLC (χ2 = 4.94; p = 0.026) shared the AACCCATGT, and AACCCATGTC was associated with hLDLC (χ2 = 4.83; p = 0.028). A 10-mer GACCCGCGCC (χ2 = 7.59; p = 0.006) was associated with obesity (1,631 vs 2,362), and the GACACACCC (χ2 = 4.05; p = 0.044) was implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus 2,378 vs 1,900). CONCLUSION Our study implicates GATA4 in CAD and its metabolic risk traits. The finding also points to the possible involvement of yet undefined entities related to GATA4 transcription activity or gene regulatory pathways in events leading to these cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nzioka P Muiya
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Wakil
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma I Tahir
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samya Hagos
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Najai
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daisy Gueco
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al-Tassan
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Editha Andres
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nejat Mazher
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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244
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Suzuki S, Nakao A, Sarhat AR, Furuya A, Matsuo K, Tanahashi Y, Kajino H, Azuma H. A case of pancreatic agenesis and congenital heart defects with a novelGATA6nonsense mutation: Evidence of haploinsufficiency due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:476-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakao
- Department of Neonatology; Japanese Red Cross Medical Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - Ashoor R. Sarhat
- Department of Pediatrics; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
- Department of Pediatrics; Tikrit College of Medicine; Tikrit Iraq
| | - Akiko Furuya
- Department of Pediatrics; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
| | - Kumihiro Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanahashi
- Department of Pediatrics; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
| | - Hiroki Kajino
- Department of Pediatrics; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
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245
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Huang HN, Chen SY, Hwang SM, Yu CC, Su MW, Mai W, Wang HW, Cheng WC, Schuyler SC, Ma N, Lu FL, Lu J. miR-200c and GATA binding protein 4 regulate human embryonic stem cell renewal and differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:338-53. [PMID: 24365599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are functionally unique for their self-renewal ability and pluripotency, but the molecular mechanisms giving rise to these properties are not fully understood. hESCs can differentiate into embryoid bodies (EBs) containing ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In the miR-200 family, miR-200c was especially enriched in undifferentiated hESCs and significantly downregulated in EBs. The knockdown of the miR-200c in hESCs downregulated Nanog expression, upregulated GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) expression, and induced hESC apoptosis. The knockdown of GATA4 rescued hESC apoptosis induced by downregulation of miR-200c. miR-200c directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of GATA4. Interestingly, the downregulation of GATA4 significantly inhibited EB formation in hESCs. Overexpression of miR-200c inhibited EB formation and repressed the expression of ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm markers, which could partially be rescued by ectopic expression of GATA4. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and activin A/nodal can sustain hESC renewal in the absence of feeder layer. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β[Symbol: see text])/activin A/nodal signaling by SB431542 treatment downregulated the expression of miR-200c. Overexpression of miR-200c partially rescued the expression of Nanog/phospho-Smad2 that was downregulated by SB431542 treatment. Our observations have uncovered novel functions of miR-200c and GATA4 in regulating hESC renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ning Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yin Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Su
- National RNAi Platform/National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Mai
- National RNAi Platform/National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsei-Wei Wang
- VGH-YM Genomic Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- VGH-YM Genomic Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Scott C Schuyler
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; National RNAi Platform/National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics and System Biology Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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246
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Bennett J, Baumgarten SC, Stocco C. GATA4 and GATA6 silencing in ovarian granulosa cells affects levels of mRNAs involved in steroidogenesis, extracellular structure organization, IGF-I activity, and apoptosis. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4845-58. [PMID: 24064357 PMCID: PMC3836082 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Knockdown of the transcription factors GATA4 and GATA6 in granulosa cells (GCs) impairs folliculogenesis and induces infertility. To investigate the pathways and genes regulated by these factors, we performed microarray analyses on wild-type GCs or GCs lacking GATA4, GATA6, or GATA4/6 (G4(gcko), G6(gcko), and G4/6(gcko)) after in vivo treatment with equine chorionic gonadotropin. GATA4 deletion affected a greater number of genes than GATA6, which correlates with the subfertility observed in G4(gcko) mice and the normal reproductive function found in G6(gcko) animals. An even greater number of genes were affected by the deletion of both factors. Moreover, the expression of FSH receptor, LH receptor, inhibin α and β, versican, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and the regulatory unit 2b of protein kinase A, which are known to be crucial for ovarian function, was greatly affected in double GATA4 and GATA6 knockouts when compared with single GATA-deficient animals. This suggests that GATA4 and GATA6 functionally compensate for each other in the regulation of key ovarian genes. Functional enrichment revealed that ovulation, growth, intracellular signaling, extracellular structure organization, gonadotropin and growth factor actions, and steroidogenesis were significantly regulated in G4/6(gcko) mice. The results of this analysis were confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical, and biological assays. Treatment of GCs with cAMP/IGF-I, to bypass FSH and IGF-I signaling defects, revealed that most of the affected genes are direct targets of GATA4/6. The diversity of pathways affected by the knockdown of GATA underscores the important role of these factors in the regulation of GC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Bennett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606012.
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247
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Eifes S, Chudasama KK, Molnes J, Wagner K, Hoang T, Schierloh U, Rocour-Brumioul D, Johansson S, Njølstad PR, de Beaufort C. A novel GATA6 mutation in a child with congenital heart malformation and neonatal diabetes. Clin Case Rep 2013; 1:86-90. [PMID: 25356219 PMCID: PMC4184756 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE Diabetes in neonates is a monogenetic disease and genetic analysis is warranted to allow best treatment, prognosis, and genetic counseling. Transcription factor mutations may have a variable expression and different organs may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Eifes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kishan K Chudasama
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Janne Molnes
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Kerstin Wagner
- Pediatric Clinic/Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tuyen Hoang
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway ; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrike Schierloh
- Pediatric Clinic/Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway ; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway ; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Norway ; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Carine de Beaufort
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg ; Pediatric Clinic/Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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248
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Makridakis M, Roubelakis MG, Vlahou A. Stem cells: Insights into the secretome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2380-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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249
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Importance of promoter methylation of GATA4 gene in epithelial ovarian cancer. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2013; 157:294-7. [PMID: 24145767 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2013.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with typically late diagnosis. Altered DNA methylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters probably plays a relevant role in ovarian carcinogenesis and frequently occurs as an early event in the development of different types of cancer including ovarian carcinoma. GATA4 methylation has been reported in a variety of human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate promoter methylation of the GATA4 gene in ovarian cancer by comparison with that in normal ovarian tissue. METHODS To search for promoter methylation of the GATA4 gene we used MSP (methylation-specific PCR) to compare the methylation status in 67 tissue samples of ovarian cancer with that in 40 control samples. RESULTS In our study, methylation-specific PCR revealed GATA4 promoter methylation in 21 of 67 specimens with ovarian cancer (31.3%), and in none of the control ovarian tissue samples. CONCLUSION These results confirm that methylation in the GATA4 promoter region could play an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis, and show new loci which are highly methylated only in ovarian cancer samples and which are associated predominantly with the endometrioid type of ovarian carcinoma.
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250
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Brown KC, Perry HE, Lau JK, Jones DV, Pulliam JF, Thornhill BA, Crabtree CM, Luo H, Chen YC, Dasgupta P. Nicotine induces the up-regulation of the α7-nicotinic receptor (α7-nAChR) in human squamous cell lung cancer cells via the Sp1/GATA protein pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33049-59. [PMID: 24089524 PMCID: PMC3829154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.501601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarettes, promotes lung cancer proliferation via the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) subtype. The present manuscript explores the effect of nicotine exposure on α7-nAChR levels in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCC-L) in vitro and in vivo. Nicotine (at concentrations present in the plasma of average smokers) increased α7-nAChR levels in human SCC-L cell lines. Nicotine-induced up-regulation of α7-nAChR was confirmed in vivo by chicken chorioallantoic membrane models. We also observed that the levels of α7-nAChR in human SCC-L tumors (isolated from patients who are active smokers) correlated with their smoking history. Nicotine increased the levels of α7-nAChR mRNA and α7-nAChR transcription in human SCC-L cell lines and SCC-L tumors. Nicotine-induced up-regulation of α7-nAChR required GATA4 and GATA6. ChIP assays showed that nicotine induced the binding of GATA4 or GATA6 to Sp1 on the α7-nAChR promoter, thereby inducing its transcription and increasing its levels in human SCC-L. Our data are clinically relevant because SCC-L patients smoked for decades before being diagnosed with cancer. It may be envisaged that continuous exposure to nicotine (in such SCC-L patients) causes up-regulation of α7-nAChRs, which facilitates tumor growth and progression. Our results will also be relevant to many SCC-L patients exposed to nicotine via second-hand smoke, electronic cigarettes, and patches or gums to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Brown
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755
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