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Canziani H, Bever F, Sommereyns A, Schmidt M, Vogel N. Roughly Spherical: Tailored PMMA-SiO 2 Composite Supraparticles with Optimized Powder Flowability for Additive Manufacturing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25334-25345. [PMID: 34019394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate materials with well-engineered properties are of key importance for many aspects in our daily life. Polymer powders with high flowability, for example, play a crucial role in the emerging field of powder-based additive manufacturing processes. However, the polymer- and composite material selection for these technologies is still limited. Here, we demonstrate the design of spherical polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and PMMA-SiO2 composite supraparticle powders with excellent powder flowability and tailored composition for powder-based additive manufacturing. Our process assembles these powders from the bottom up and affords a precise control over surface roughness and internal morphology via the choice of colloidal primary particles. We establish process-structure-property relationships connecting external spray-drying parameters and primary particle sizes with the resulting supraparticle roughness and, subsequently, with the macroscopic powder flowability and powder bed density. In a second step, we demonstrate the control of composition and internal morphology of PMMA-SiO2 composite supraparticles based on different mass mixings and diameter ratios of the two primary particle dispersions. Finally, we successfully apply the prepared supraparticle powders in powder bed additive manufacturing. The optimized flowability of the composite powders allows the production of two-layered square specimens with fusion between the individual layers and a uniform and tunable distribution of nanoscale SiO2 additives without requiring the addition of any flowing aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Canziani
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Haberstrasse 9a, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Frederik Bever
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Alexander Sommereyns
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3-5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3-5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Haberstrasse 9a, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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202
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Sepúlveda-Rivas S, Leal MS, Pedrozo Z, Kogan MJ, Ocaranza MP, Morales JO. Nanoparticle-Mediated Angiotensin-(1-9) Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060822. [PMID: 34206106 PMCID: PMC8228229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ang-(1-9) peptide is a bioactive vasodilator peptide that prevents cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo as well as lowers blood pressure and pathological cardiovascular remodeling; however, it has a reduced half-life in circulation, requiring a suitable carrier for its delivery. In this work, hybrid nanoparticles composed of polymeric nanoparticles (pNPs) based on Eudragit® E/Alginate (EE/Alg), and gold nanospheres (AuNS), were developed to evaluate their encapsulation capacity and release of Ang-(1-9) under different experimental conditions. Hybrid pNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, size distribution, and concentration by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Nanometric pNPs, with good polydispersity index and colloidally stable, produced high association efficiency of Ang-(1-9) and controlled release. Finally, the treatment of neonatal cardiomyocytes in culture with EE/Alg/AuNS 2% + Ang-(1-9) 20% pNPs decreased the area and perimeter, demonstrating efficacy in preventing norepinephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. On the other hand, the incorporation of AuNS did not cause negative effects either on the cytotoxicity or on the association capacity of Ang-(1-9), suggesting that the hybrid carrier EE/Alg/AuNS pNPs could be used for the delivery of Ang-(1-9) in the treatment of cardiovascular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sepúlveda-Rivas
- Medical Technology School, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Matías S. Leal
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Red Para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension, Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.P.O.); (J.O.M.)
| | - Javier O. Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension, Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.P.O.); (J.O.M.)
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203
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Lee SH, Kim DH, Goh M, Kim JG, You NH. Synthesis and characterization of UV-Curable pyrimidine-based Poly(Acrylate) and zirconium acrylate nanocomposite with high refractive index. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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204
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Ozkutlu M, Bayram G, Dilek C. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-octatrimethylsiloxy polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane composite syntactic foams with bimodal pores. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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205
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Kausar A. Shape memory poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites: design and methodical trends. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1930046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- Nanosciences Division, National Center For Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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206
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Gayathri M, Senthil Kumar P, Santhameenakshi M, Karuthapandian S. Metal-free and stable dye-sensitized polymer matrix for the detoxification of antibiotic drug levofloxacin under visible light illumination. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1784942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gayathri
- Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar, India
- Department of Chemistry, Seethalakshmiachi College for Women, Pallathur, India
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207
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Heterogeneous Bonding of PMMA and Double-Sided Polished Silicon Wafers through H2O Plasma Treatment for Microfluidic Devices. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work we report on a rapid, easy-to-operate, lossless, room temperature heterogeneous H2O plasma treatment process for the bonding of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and double-sided polished (DSP) silicon substrates by for utilization in sandwich structured microfluidic devices. The heterogeneous bonding of the sandwich structure produced by the H2O plasma is analyzed, and the effect of heterogeneous bonding of free radicals and high charge electrons (e−) in the formed plasma which causes a passivation phenomenon during the bonding process investigated. The PMMA and silicon surface treatments were performed at a constant radio frequency (RF) power and H2O flow rate. Changing plasma treatment time and powers for both processes were investigated during the experiments. The gas flow rate was controlled to cause ionization of plasma and the dissociation of water vapor from hydrogen (H) atoms and hydroxyl (OH) bonds, as confirmed by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The OES results show the relative intensity peaks emitted by the OH radicals, H and oxygen (O). The free energy is proportional to the plasma treatment power and gas flow rate with H bonds forming between the adsorbed H2O and OH groups. The gas density generated saturated bonds at the interface, and the discharge energy that strengthened the OH-e− bonds. This method provides an ideal heterogeneous bonding technique which can be used to manufacture new types of microfluidic devices.
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208
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Zhou J, Heisserer U, Duke PW, Curtis PT, Morton J, Tagarielli VL. The sensitivity of the tensile properties of PMMA, Kevlar® and Dyneema® to temperature and strain rate. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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209
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Yan T, Xu H, Li Y. Crosslinked network formation beyond graft copolymers in transparent bisphenol-A Polycarbonate/Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends catalyzed by bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide based organic salts. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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210
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Surface modification of PMMA polymer and its composites with PC 61BM fullerene derivative using an atmospheric pressure microwave argon plasma sheet. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9270. [PMID: 33927242 PMCID: PMC8084952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the plasma surface modification of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer and PMMA composites with a [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester fullerene derivative (PC61BM). An atmospheric pressure microwave (2.45 GHz) argon plasma sheet was used. The experimental parameters were: an argon (Ar) flow rate (up to 20 NL/min), microwave power (up to 530 W), number of plasma scans (up to 3) and, the kind of treated material. In order to assess the plasma effect, the possible changes in the wettability, roughness, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of the plasma-treated samples’ surfaces were evaluated by water contact angle goniometry (WCA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The best result concerning the water contact angle reduction was from 83° to 29.7° for the PMMA material. The ageing studies of the PMMA plasma-modified surface showed long term (100 h) improved wettability. As a result of plasma treating, changes in the samples surface roughness parameters were observed, however their dependence on the number of plasma scans is irregular. The ATR-FTIR spectra of the PMMA plasma-treated surfaces showed only slight changes in comparison with the spectra of an untreated sample. The more significant differences were demonstrated by XPS measurements indicating the surface chemical composition changes after plasma treatment and revealing the oxygen to carbon ratio increase from 0.1 to 0.4.
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211
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Papathanasiou I, Papavasiliou G, Kamposiora P, Zoidis P. Effect of Staining Solutions on Color Stability, Gloss and Surface Roughness of Removable Partial Dental Prosthetic Polymers. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:65-71. [PMID: 33893704 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of commonly used solutions on color stability, gloss, and surface roughness of removable partial dental prostheses polymers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Discs (n = 112) were made of a poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) polymer, a polyamide, an acetal resin and a heat-cured poly(methylmethacrylate) PMMA acrylic resin polished according to manufacturers' instructions. Seven specimens of each material were immersed in coffee, red wine, coca cola and distilled water for 30 days at 37ο C. Changes of color (ΔΕ*) and color coordinates L*α*b* after immersion were calculated with a colorimeter. Changes in the values of gloss and surface roughness parameters (Sa, Sz, Str, Sdr, Sci, Svi) were also measured. Two-way ANOVA and pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate the effect of material and staining solution on parameter value alterations (α = 0.05). RESULTS The two-way ANOVA revealed that the interaction between material and staining solution significantly affected color changes after immersion [F(9,96) = 44.67, p < 0.001]. PEEK presented the lowest color change (ΔΕ* = 3.83 ± 2) while polyamide had the highest color change overall (ΔΕ* = 14.59 ± 8.65) (p < 0.001). Coffee caused the highest color (ΔΕ* = 13.08 ± 6.98) and gloss changes (ΔG = -6.36 ± 19.2 GU) among different solutions (p < 0.001). PEEK showed the highest alteration of gloss (ΔG = -11.31 ± 15.49 GU), with significant difference with the other three materials (p < 0.001). Insignificant interaction of material and immersing solution was found for surface roughness parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among the materials tested, PEEK seemed to be the most stable material when subjected to common, everyday staining solutions. Therefore, PEEK could be a viable solution for an RPDP framework fabrication, expanding the material list of prosthetic options. Further research and clinical trials are required to confirm the above statement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Papavasiliou
- Department of Prosthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dental School, Athens, Greece
| | - Phophi Kamposiora
- Department of Prosthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dental School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoidis
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dental sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
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212
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Wekwejt M, Chen S, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Nadolska M, Łukowicz K, Pałubicka A, Michno A, Osyczka AM, Michálek M, Zieliński A. Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement doped with different bioactive glasses - evaluation of cytocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical properties. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3112-3126. [PMID: 33704333 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement (BC-AgNp) is a novel cement developed as a replacement for conventional cements. Despite its favorable properties and antibacterial activity, BC-AgNp still lacks biodegradability and bioactivity. Hence, we investigated doping with bioactive glasses (BGs) to create a new bioactive BC characterized by time-varying porosity and gradual release of AgNp. The BC Cemex was used as the base material and modified simultaneously with the AgNp and BGs: melted 45S5 and 13-93B3 glasses with various particle sizes and sol-gel derived SiO2/CaO microparticles. The effect of BG addition was examined by microscopic analysis, an assessment of setting parameters, wettability, FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, mechanical testing, and hemo- and cytocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency studies. The results show that it is possible to incorporate various BGs into BC-AgNp, which leads to different properties depending on the type and size of BGs. The smaller particles of melted BGs showed higher porosity and better antibacterial properties with the moderate deterioration of mechanical properties. The sol-gel derived BGs, however, displayed a tendency for agglomeration and random distribution in BC-AgNp. The BGs with greater solubility more efficiently improve the antibacterial properties of BC-AgNp. Besides, the unreacted MMA monomer release could negatively influence the cellular response. Despite that, cements doped with different BGs are suitable for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wekwejt
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - S Chen
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnU AD, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - B Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - M Nadolska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Łukowicz
- Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Pałubicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology with Blood Bank, Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - A Michno
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A M Osyczka
- Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Michálek
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnU AD, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - A Zieliński
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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213
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Forte MA, Silva RM, Tavares CJ, Silva RFE. Is Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) a Suitable Substrate for ALD?: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1346. [PMID: 33924112 PMCID: PMC8074321 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer, which displays superior characteristics such as transparency, good tensile strength, and processability. Its performance can be improved by surface engineering via the use of functionalized thin film coatings, resulting in its versatility across a host of applications including, energy harvesting, dielectric layers and water purification. Modification of the PMMA surface can be achieved by atomic layer deposition (ALD), a vapor-phase, chemical deposition technique, which permits atomic-level control. However, PMMA presents a challenge for ALD due to its lack of active surface sites, necessary for gas precursor reaction, nucleation, and subsequent growth. The purpose of this review is to discuss the research related to the employment of PMMA as either a substrate, support, or masking layer over a range of ALD thin film growth techniques, namely, thermal, plasma-enhanced, and area-selective atomic layer deposition. It also highlights applications in the selected fields of flexible electronics, biomaterials, sensing, and photocatalysis, and underscores relevant characterization techniques. Further, it concludes with a prospective view of the role of ALD in PMMA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Adriana Forte
- CF-UM-UP, Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, Campus of Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.A.F.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Ricardo Manuel Silva
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Carlos José Tavares
- CF-UM-UP, Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, Campus of Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.A.F.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Rui Ferreira e Silva
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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214
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Chen E, Guo J, Jiang Z, Shen Q, Ye Y, Xu S, Sun J, Yan Q, Guo T. Edge/direct-lit hybrid mini-LED backlight with U-grooved light guiding plates for local dimming. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12179-12194. [PMID: 33984983 DOI: 10.1364/oe.421346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current mini-LED backlights improve high-dynamic-range liquid crystal displays (LCDs) by using tens of thousands of direct-lit sources for local dimming. However, relative thick profile and high power consumption are the inherent limitations while compared with edge-lit backlights. By synthesizing edge- and direct-lit advantages, we propose a novel hybrid mini-LED backlight equipped with a specially designed integrated light guiding plate (LGP) for large-area displays. This LGP is seamlessly spliced by multiple physically segmented sub-LGPs with a scattering dot array on the bottom and U-shaped grooves at the corners. Each sub-LGP is a single local dimming zone that can be independently controlled. Scattering dot distribution can be numerically calculated even from multiple edge-lit sources. High optical performance and satisfactory local dimming effect are verified and analyzed via both simulation and experiment. The experimental spatial illuminance uniformity and the light extraction efficiency reach 81% and 83% while the crosstalk can be well suppressed below 0.2% between adjacent local dimming zones. The significant advantages of our design towards state-of-the-art mini-LED backlights include the zero optical distance for an ultra-thin profile, low mini-LED amount for local dimming, high optical efficiency, and infinite extension of zone number, which is expected to have a broad application prospect in the near future.
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215
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de Souza V, Vitale P, Florenzano F, Salinas R, Cuccovia I. A novel method for DNA delivery into bacteria using cationic copolymers. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e10743. [PMID: 33825778 PMCID: PMC8021229 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers have a wide variety of medical and biotechnological applications, including DNA transfection in eukaryotic cells. Still, no polymer-primed transfection of prokaryotic cells has been described. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymer synthesis technique and the reversible deactivation radical polymerization variants allow the design of polymers with well-controlled molar mass, morphology, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity ratios. RAFT was used to synthesize two amphiphilic copolymers containing different ratios of the amphiphilic poly[2-(dimethyl-amino) ethyl methacrylate] and the hydrophobic poly [methyl methacrylate]. These copolymers bound to pUC-19 DNA and successfully transfected non-competent Escherichia coli DH5α, with transformation efficiency in the range of 103 colony-forming units per µg of plasmid DNA. These results demonstrate prokaryote transformation using polymers with controlled amphiphilic/hydrophobic ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.V. de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P.A.M. Vitale
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F.H. Florenzano
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brasil
| | - R.K. Salinas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I.M. Cuccovia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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216
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Merklein L, Eser JC, Börnhorst T, Könnecke N, Scharfer P, Schabel W. Different dominating mass transport mechanisms for drying and sorption of toluene-PMMA films – Visualized with Raman spectroscopy. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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217
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Li X, Wang Z, Sakib S, Mathews R, Zhitomirsky I. Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Coatings Containing Flame Retardant Additives from Suspensions in Water-2-Propanol. Molecules 2021; 26:1974. [PMID: 33807421 PMCID: PMC8037898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A dip-coating technique is designed for deposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from water/2-propanol mixture, avoiding the use of traditional toxic solvents. Solutions of PMMA macromolecules with high molecular weight (MW) are obtained for a water/2-propanol ratio of 0.15-0.33 and the solubilization mechanism is discussed. The ability to use concentrated PMMA solutions and high MW of the polymer are the key factors for the successful dip coating deposition. The coating mass for 10 g L-1 polymer solutions shows a maximum at a water/2-propanol ratio of 0.25. The deposition yield increases with the polymer concentration increase and with an increasing number of the deposited layers. PMMA deposits protect stainless steel from aqueous corrosion. The coating technique allows for the fabrication of composite coatings, containing flame-retardant materials (FRMs), such as commercial halloysite, huntite, hydrotalcite, and synthesized Al(OH)3, in the PMMA matrix. The FRM content in the coatings is modified by variation of the FRM content in colloidal suspensions. A fundamentally new method is developed, which is based on the salting out aided dispersive extraction of Al(OH)3 from the aqueous synthesis medium to 2-propanol. It is based on the use of hexadecylphosphonic acid molecules as extractors. The method offers advantages of reduced agglomeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L7, Canada; (X.L.); wangz338mcmaster.ca (Z.W.)
| | - Zhengzheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L7, Canada; (X.L.); wangz338mcmaster.ca (Z.W.)
| | - Sadman Sakib
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L7, Canada;
| | - Ritch Mathews
- Advanced Ceramics Corporation, 2536 Bristol Circle, Oakville, ON L6H5S1, Canada;
| | - Igor Zhitomirsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L7, Canada; (X.L.); wangz338mcmaster.ca (Z.W.)
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218
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King WE, Bowlin GL. Near-Field Electrospinning and Melt Electrowriting of Biomedical Polymers-Progress and Limitations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1097. [PMID: 33808288 PMCID: PMC8037214 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) and melt electrowriting (MEW) are the process of extruding a fiber due to the force exerted by an electric field and collecting the fiber before bending instabilities occur. When paired with precise relative motion between the polymer source and the collector, a fiber can be directly written as dictated by preprogrammed geometry. As a result, this precise fiber control results in another dimension of scaffold tailorability for biomedical applications. In this review, biomedically relevant polymers that to date have manufactured fibers by NFES/MEW are explored and the present limitations in direct fiber writing of standardization in published setup details, fiber write throughput, and increased ease in the creation of complex scaffold geometries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gary L. Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
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219
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Computational Study on Interfacial Interactions between Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cement and Hydroxyapatite in Nanoscale. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11072937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement (BC) is a key material in joint replacement surgery that transfers external forces from the implant to the bone while allowing their robust binding. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of polymerization on the thermomechanical properties of the BC and on the interaction characteristics with the bone ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp), molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The mechanical stiffness of the BC material under external loading increased gradually with the crosslinking reaction occurrence, indicating increasing load transfer between the constituent molecules. In addition, as the individual Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) segments were interconnected in the system, the freedom of the molecular network was largely suppressed, resulting in more thermally stable structures. Furthermore, the pull-out tests using HAp/BC bilayer models under different constraints (BC at 40% and 85%) revealed the cohesive characteristics of the BC with the bone scaffold in molecular detail. The stiffness and the fracture energy increased by 32% and 98%, respectively, with the crosslink density increasing.
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220
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Li D, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wang D, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yu X, Zhao Q, Xing B. A flexible and salt-rejecting electrospun film-based solar evaporator for economic, stable and efficient solar desalination and wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128916. [PMID: 33213877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, interfacial solar evaporation has been developed for water treatment. However, the high cost and low stability of solar evaporators significantly hinder their practical applications. In this study, layered graphene and polymethylmethacrylate were used to fabricate a composited film (GF) by electrospinning, which acted as a solar absorber. Together with a water transporter (polyurethane sponge) and a thermal insulator (polystyrene foam), the GF-based evaporator was constructed for solar distillation. Taking advantage of the porous three-dimensional structure of GF, the light path could be extended, rendering an efficient broadband solar absorption (92%). More importantly, although the content of layered graphene in the GF-based evaporator (1.75 g m-2) was only 5.8-17.5% of that in the current reported graphene-based evaporators (10-30 g m-2), a comparable water evaporation efficiency was acquired, which was induced by the much higher utilization efficiency of photothermal nanomaterials in the GF-based evaporator than that in the reported devices, ensuring its economic feasibility. Meanwhile, more than 99.9% heavy metal ions and 99.8% organic dye could be removed by the GF-based evaporator. Combining the merits of long-term and stable evaporation, salt rejection, and resistance to harsh environment, the GF-based evaporator was promising for freshwater recycling from both seawater and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, And School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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221
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Toh HW, Toong DWY, Ng JCK, Ow V, Lu S, Tan LP, Wong PEH, Venkatraman S, Huang Y, Ang HY. Polymer blends and polymer composites for cardiovascular implants. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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222
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Seaberg J, Montazerian H, Hossen MN, Bhattacharya R, Khademhosseini A, Mukherjee P. Hybrid Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2099-2142. [PMID: 33497197 PMCID: PMC9521743 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic/organic hybrid nanosystems have been increasingly developed for their versatility and efficacy at overcoming obstacles not readily surmounted by nonhybridized counterparts. Currently, hybrid nanosystems are implemented for gene therapy, drug delivery, and phototherapy in addition to tissue regeneration, vaccines, antibacterials, biomolecule detection, imaging probes, and theranostics. Though diverse, these nanosystems can be classified according to foundational inorganic/organic components, accessory moieties, and architecture of hybridization. Within this Review, we begin by providing a historical context for the development of biomedical hybrid nanosystems before describing the properties, synthesis, and characterization of their component building blocks. Afterward, we introduce the architectures of hybridization and highlight recent biomedical nanosystem developments by area of application, emphasizing hybrids of distinctive utility and innovation. Finally, we draw attention to ongoing clinical trials before recapping our discussion of hybrid nanosystems and providing a perspective on the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Seaberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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223
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Melt Electrospinning of Polymers: Blends, Nanocomposites, Additives and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melt electrospinning has been developed in the last decade as an eco-friendly and solvent-free process to fill the gap between the advantages of solution electrospinning and the need of a cost-effective technique for industrial applications. Although the benefits of using melt electrospinning compared to solution electrospinning are impressive, there are still challenges that should be solved. These mainly concern to the improvement of polymer melt processability with reduction of polymer degradation and enhancement of fiber stability; and the achievement of a good control over the fiber size and especially for the production of large scale ultrafine fibers. This review is focused in the last research works discussing the different melt processing techniques, the most significant melt processing parameters, the incorporation of different additives (e.g., viscosity and conductivity modifiers), the development of polymer blends and nanocomposites, the new potential applications and the use of drug-loaded melt electrospun scaffolds for biomedical applications.
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224
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Xu Y, Xepapadeas AB, Koos B, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Li P, Spintzyk S. Effect of post-rinsing time on the mechanical strength and cytotoxicity of a 3D printed orthodontic splint material. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e314-e327. [PMID: 33610310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the post-rinsing time is inconsistently recommended, this study aims to investigate the effect of post-rinsing time on the flexural strength and cytotoxicity of an stereolithographically (SLA) printed orthodontic splint material. METHODS SLA-printed specimens were ultrasonically rinsed with isopropanol (IPA) for 5 min, 12 min, 20 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 12 h, respectively. Surface characterization was conducted by scanning electron microscopy and roughness measurements. Flexural strength was evaluated using a three-point bending test. Cytotoxicity was determined by direct contact test and extract test. For both tests, cell viability (live/dead staining) and cell metabolic activity (CCK-8 assay) were evaluated. Additionally, water sorption and water solubility were tested to analyze the mass loss from immersion. RESULTS No apparent surface alterations could be detected on the samples post-rinsed for less than 1 h. In contrast, when the post-rinsing time was prolonged to 12 h, surface fissures could be observed. Flexural strength linearly decreased with increasing post-rinsing time. All post-processed specimens did not show an obvious cytotoxic effect. SIGNIFICANCE The removal of cytotoxic methacrylate monomers by post-rinsing with IPA could be achieved in 5 min. Extending post-rinsing time could not improve the cytocompatibility of the SLA-printed orthodontic splint material, and may result in a decrease in flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alexander B Xepapadeas
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bernd Koos
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ping Li
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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225
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Sweet KR, Stanzione JF. Epoxy‐functional
thermoplastic copolymers and their incorporation into a thermosetting resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R. Sweet
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - Joseph F. Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
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226
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Amarasekara CA, Rathnayaka C, Athapattu US, Zhang L, Choi J, Park S, Nagel AC, Soper SA. Electrokinetic identification of ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) using thermoplastic nanochannels. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461892. [PMID: 33477027 PMCID: PMC8107831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With advances in the design and fabrication of nanofluidic devices during the last decade, there have been a few reports on nucleic acid analysis using nanoscale electrophoresis. The attractive nature of nanofluidics is the unique phenomena associated with this length scale that are not observed using microchip electrophoresis. Many of these effects are surface-related and include electrostatics, surface roughness, van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, and the electric double layer. The majority of reports related to nanoscale electrophoresis have utilized glass-based devices, which are not suitable for broad dissemination into the separation community because of the sophisticated, time consuming, and high-cost fabrication methods required to produce the relevant devices. In this study, we report the use of thermoplastic nanochannels (110 nm x 110 nm, depth x width) for the free solution electrokinetic analysis of ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs). Thermoplastic devices with micro- and nanofluidic networks were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) with the structures enclosed via thermal fusion bonding of a cover plate to the fluidic substrate. Unique to this report is that we fabricated devices in cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) that was thermally fusion bonded to a COC cover plate. Results using COC/COC devices were compared to poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, devices with a COC cover plate. Our results indicated that at pH = 7.9, the electrophoresis in free solution resulted in an average resolution of the rNMPs >4 (COC/COC device range = 1.94 - 8.88; PMMA/COC device range = 1.4 - 7.8) with some of the rNMPs showing field-dependent electrophoretic mobilities. Baseline separation of the rNMPs was not possible using PMMA- or COC-based microchip electrophoresis. We also found that COC/COC devices could be assembled and UV/O3 activated after device assembly with the dose of the UV/O3 affecting the magnitude of the electroosmotic flow, EOF. In addition, the bond strength between the substrate and cover plate of unmodified COC/COC devices was higher compared to PMMA/COC devices. The large differences in the electrophoretic mobilities of the rNMPs afforded by nanoscale electrophoresis will enable a new single-molecule sequencing platform we envision, which uses molecular-dependent electrophoretic mobilities to identify the constituent rNMPs generated from an intact RNA molecule using a processive exonuclease. With optimized nanoscale electrophoresis, the rNMPs could be identified via mobility matching at an accuracy >99% in both COC/COC and PMMA/COC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuni A Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine
| | - Chathurika Rathnayaka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine
| | - Uditha S Athapattu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine
| | - Junseo Choi
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Sunggook Park
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | | | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine; Sunflower Genomics, Inc. Lawrence, KS 66047; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160.
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227
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Meng D, Sagala S, Aquino AJ, Quitevis EL. Orientational and low-frequency (0–450 cm−1) dynamics of methyl methacrylate: OHD-RIKES measurements and DFT calculations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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228
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Dielectric and optical properties of alumina and silica nanoparticles dispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix-based nanocomposites for advanced polymer technologies. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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229
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Sun S, Xue Y, Xu X, Ding L, Jiang Z, Meng L, Song P, Bai Y. Highly Stretchable, Ultratough, and Strong Polyesters with Improved Postcrystallization Optical Property Enabled by Dynamic Multiple Hydrogen Bonds. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yijiao Xue
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Liping Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
| | - Linghui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
| | - Yongping Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Wuxi HIT New Material Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214000, China
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230
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Bertoldo Menezes D, Reyer A, Benisek A, Dachs E, Pruner C, Musso M. Raman spectroscopic insights into the glass transition of poly(methyl methacrylate). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1649-1665. [PMID: 33411861 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a very versatile polymer which is used as a glass substitute or as an economical alternative to polycarbonate for many types of important applications, due to its particular physical properties. In this study we deal with the Raman spectroscopic characterization of the glass transition of PMMA, the value of the glass transition temperature being generally a decisive parameter for determining the application of polymers. The information obtained by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis and perturbation-correlation moving-windows spectroscopy (PCMW2D) analysis of the temperature dependent depolarized Raman spectra enabled us to recognize that the glass transition of PMMA is ruled by intermolecular interactions which influence the vibrational modes of the molecular groups associated with ν(C[double bond, length as m-dash]O), δa(C-H) of α-CH3 and/or O-CH3, ν(C-O-C), ν(C-COO), and ν(C-C-O). This information was employed for the temperature dependent study of the Raman shift and of the full width at half maximum of the Raman peaks obtained through anisotropic and isotropic Raman spectra, of the depolarization ratio, of the Raman spectroscopic noncoincidence effect, and of the Raman peak intensities represented by Arrhenius-type plots, all results supporting the outcomes of this work. The comparison with results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and with published results in molecular dynamics studies was also part of this work. As the main result, one can highlight the peak associated with the ν(C-O-C) stretching mode at around 812 cm-1 as the one which presents the better outcome for explaining the glass transition from the molecular point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bertoldo Menezes
- Federal Institute of Triângulo Mineiro, 1020, 38400-970, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. and Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Reyer
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Benisek
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Dachs
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Pruner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Musso
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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231
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Khoda B, Ahsan AMMN, Shovon AN, Alam AI. 3D metal lattice structure manufacturing with continuous rods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:434. [PMID: 33432058 PMCID: PMC7801606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a new possibility of fabricating a metal lattice structure with a continuous rod is demonstrated. A multi-layer, periodic, and aperiodic lattice structure can be manufactured with a continuous thin rod by bending it with a repetitive pattern. However, joining their nodes are challenging and an important problem to solve. This paper is investigating the joining of nodes in a loose lattice structure by delivering materials through the dipping process. Both liquid state (epoxy) and solid-state (inorganic particles) joining agents are considered for polymer-metal and metal-metal bonding, respectively. Liquid Carrier Systems (LCS) are designed considering their rheological behavior. We found 40% solid loading with the liquid carrier system provides sufficient solid particles transfer at dipping and join the lattice node using transient liquid phase bonding (TLP). 3D metal lattice structures are constructed, and their mechanical properties are investigated. The lattice structure shows comparable strength even with smaller relative density (< 10%). The strength and elastic modulus of all the fabricated samples decreases with the increase in cell size, which is consistent with the traditional wisdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Khoda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469-5711, USA.
| | - A M M Nazmul Ahsan
- School of Engineering and Technology, Western Carolina University, 389 Centennial Dr., Belk 221, Cullowhee, NC, 28723, USA
| | - Abu N Shovon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469-5711, USA
| | - Adeeb I Alam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469-5711, USA
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232
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Feng Y, Lou Y, Shen J. Microstructure-Forming Mechanism of Optical Sheet Based on Polymer State Transition in Injection-Rolling Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020181. [PMID: 33419161 PMCID: PMC7825566 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric optical sheets are significant components in large-scale display devices and are difficult to fabricate due to small size and high accuracy of large-area microstructures. As a newly developed molding technique, injection-rolling is capable of continuously and efficiently achieving large-area microstructures on the polymer surface with short time and high replication. However, the microstructure-forming mechanism during the injection-rolling process has not been fully understood. In this paper, a three-dimensional steady-state heat-flow coupling simulation model of the injection-rolling zone was established to obtain the distributions of the polymer state transition interfaces. According to the state transition interfaces, the entire microstructure-forming process was numerically simulated by dividing into filling and embossing stages to systematically analyze the effects of the polymer state transition interface on filling rate. After this, the relationship between process parameters such as injection temperature, rolling speed, and roll temperature and polymer state transition interface was investigated to develop a position prediction model of the state transition interface. In addition, the optical sheet injection-rolling experiments were also carried out to reveal that the filling rate of the microstructures on the optical sheet can be affected by varying the positions of the state transition interfaces. Therefore, the microstructure-forming mechanism could be revealed as theoretical guidance for the subsequent injection-rolling production with high quality and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.)
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Jia D, Lee Baker J, Rameau A, Esmaily M. Simulation of a vacuum helmet to contain pathogen-bearing droplets in dental and otolaryngologic outpatient interventions. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2021; 33:013307. [PMID: 33746481 PMCID: PMC7976042 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinic encounters of dentists and otolaryngologists inherently expose these specialists to an enhanced risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, thus threatening them, their patients, and their practices. In this study, we propose and simulate a helmet design that could be used by patients to minimize the transmission risk by retaining droplets created through coughing. The helmet has a port for accessing the mouth and nose and another port connected to a vacuum source to prevent droplets from exiting through the access port and contaminating the environment or clinical practitioners. We used computational fluid dynamics in conjunction with Lagrangian point-particle tracking to simulate droplet trajectories when a patient coughs while using this device. A range of droplet diameters and different operating conditions were simulated. The results show that 100% of the airborne droplets and 99.6% of all cough droplets are retained by the helmet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Jia
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850,
USA
| | - Jonathan Lee Baker
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, New York 10583, USA
| | - Anaïs Rameau
- Sean Parker Institute for the Voice, Weill Cornell
Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, New York,
New York 10022, USA
| | - Mahdi Esmaily
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850,
USA
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234
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Xia J, Luo X, Huang J, Ma J, Yang J. Preparation of core/shell organic–inorganic hybrid polymer nanoparticles and their application to toughening poly(methyl methacrylate). RSC Adv 2021; 11:34036-34047. [PMID: 35497270 PMCID: PMC9042334 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
On account of the utility of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a glass substitute, toughening of PMMA has attracted significant attention. Brittle failure can often be avoided by incorporating a small fraction of filler particles. Core–shell composite particles composed of a rubbery core and a glassy shell have recently attracted interest as a toughening agent for brittle polymers. Here, core/shell organic–inorganic hybrid polymer nanoparticles (Si-ASA HPNs) with a silicone-modified butyl acrylate copolymer (PBA) core and a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) shell were used to toughen PMMA. Silicone plays dual roles as a compatibilizer and a chain extender, and it not only improves interfacial adhesion between the PBA particles and SAN copolymer, but it also increases chain entanglement of poly(acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate) (ASA). The mechanical properties of the PMMA/ASA alloys strongly depend on the Si content, and the impact strength and elongation at break greatly improve when silicone-modified ASA is added. However, this is accompanied by loss of rigidity. Specifically, the PMMA/ASA-2 composite exhibits a good balance between toughness and rigidity, indicating that ASA-2 with 5 wt% KH570 is the most suitable impact modifier. This research provides a facile and practical method to overcome the shortcomings of ASA and promote its application in a wider range of fields. Core/shell organic–inorganic hybrid polymer nanoparticles are synthesized by micellar nucleation, core enlarged polymerization and a grafting reaction in the system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiajun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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235
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Wang YC, Maeda R, Kali G, Yokoyama H, Wenz G, Ito K. Synthesis of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Based Polyrotaxane via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1853-1857. [PMID: 35653687 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A polyrotaxane (PR) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the main chain polymer was prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Because of the special mechanism of RAFT, the suprastructure of a PMMA-based PR is established by synthesizing inclusion complexes of methyl methacrylate and gamma-cyclodextrin (γCD) into the middle of the poly-N-(3-dimethylamino) propyl methacrylamide segments. The presence of threaded γCD was determined via diffusion ordered spectroscopy from the alignment of the mobility of γCD and the main chain polymer. A PMMA-based PR with 2-20% CD coverage and a molecular weight of 7K-60K g/mol of PMMA-based PR was synthesized with a targeted molecular structure by mediating the RAFT polymerization. The PMMA-based PR prepared in this study is expected to be suitable for wide applications of tough materials with good heat resistance. Moreover, the investigation of this synthetical approach opened possibilities for more variety of PR with controllable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Wang
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Rina Maeda
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Gergely Kali
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Gerhard Wenz
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrü cken C 4.2, 66123 Saarbrü cken, Germany
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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236
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Santos Rosalem G, Gonzáles Torres LA, de Las Casas EB, Mathias FAS, Ruiz JC, Carvalho MGR. Microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip technologies: A systematic review of the methods used to mimic bone marrow. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243840. [PMID: 33306749 PMCID: PMC7732112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is an organ responsible for crucial processes in living organs, e. g., hematopoiesis. In recent years, Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) devices have been used to satisfy the need for in vitro systems that better mimic the phenomena occurring in the BM microenvironment. Given the growing interest in these systems and the diversity of developed devices, an integrative systematic literature review is required. We have performed this review, following the PRISMA method aiming to identify the main characteristics and assess the effectiveness of the devices that were developed to represent the BM. A search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases using the keywords (("bone marrow" OR "hematopoietic stem cells" OR "haematopoietic stem cells") AND ("organ in a" OR "lab on a chip" OR "microfluidic" OR "microfluidic*" OR ("bioreactor" AND "microfluidic*"))). Original research articles published between 2009 and 2020 were included in the review, giving a total of 21 papers. The analysis of these papers showed that their main purpose was to study BM cells biology, mimic BM niches, model pathological BM, and run drug assays. Regarding the fabrication protocols, we have observed that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and soft lithography method were the most commonly used. To reproduce the microenvironment of BM, most devices used the type I collagen and alginate. Peristaltic and syringe pumps were mostly used for device perfusion. Regarding the advantages compared to conventional methods, there were identified three groups of OoC devices: perfused 3D BM; co-cultured 3D BM; and perfused co-cultured 3D BM. Cellular behavior and mimicking their processes and responses were the mostly commonly studied parameters. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness of OoC devices for research purposes compared to conventional cell cultures. Furthermore, the devices have a wide range of applicability and the potential to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Santos Rosalem
- Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz
- Biosystems and Genomics Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Computational and Systems Biology of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (PGBCS/IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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237
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Qu Z, Schueneman GT, Shofner ML, Meredith JC. Acrylic Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals with 2-Isocyanatoethyl Methacrylate and Formation of Composites with Poly(methyl methacrylate). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31092-31099. [PMID: 33324818 PMCID: PMC7726749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from renewable plant-based materials exhibit strong potential for improving properties of polymers by their dispersal in the polymer matrix as a composite phase. However, the hydrophilicity and low thermal stability of CNCs lead to compromised particle dispersibility in common polymers and limit the processing conditions of polymer-CNC composites, respectively. One route that has been explored is the modification of CNCs to alter surface chemistry. Acrylic materials are used in a broad class of polymers and copolymers with wide commercial applications. Yet, the available methods for adding groups that react with acrylics to enhance dispersion are quite limited. In this work, a versatile chemical modification route is described that introduces acryloyl functional groups on CNCs that can in turn be polymerized in subsequent steps to create acrylic-CNC composites. The hydroxyl group on CNC surfaces was reacted with the isocyanate moiety on 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM), a bifunctional molecule possessing both the isocyanate group and acryloyl group. The resulting modified CNCs (mCNCs) showed enhanced hydrophobicity and dispersibility in organic solvent relative to unmodified CNCs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis verified the surface modification and allowed an estimation of the degree of modification as high as 0.4 (26.7% surface hydroxyl substitution CNC). The modified CNCs were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate, and the composites had improved dispersion relative to composites with unmodified CNCs and enhanced (104%) tensile strength at 2 wt % CNC when compared to the neat poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), indicating a benefit of the reactive acryloyl groups added to the CNC surface. Overall, the modification strategy was successful in functionalizing CNCs, opening possibilities for their use in organic media and matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qu
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gregory T. Schueneman
- Forest
Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Meisha L. Shofner
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J. Carson Meredith
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable
Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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238
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Investigating diversity in polymer-based identity cards using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL: REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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239
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Malinský P, Romanenko O, Havránek V, Hnatowicz V, Stammers JH, Cutroneo M, Novák J, Slepička P, Svorčík V, Szőkölová K, Bouša D, Sofer Z, Macková A. Comparison of GO and polymer microcapacitors prepared by ion beam writing. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Malinský
- Nuclear Physics Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences Rez Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science J. E. Purkyně University Usti nad Labem Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimir Havránek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences Rez Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Hnatowicz
- Nuclear Physics Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences Rez Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Josef Novák
- Nuclear Physics Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences Rez Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science J. E. Purkyně University Usti nad Labem Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid State Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Svorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Szőkölová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Bouša
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Anna Macková
- Nuclear Physics Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences Rez Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science J. E. Purkyně University Usti nad Labem Czech Republic
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240
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Lee PC, Wang CC, Chen CY. Synthesizing isoprene and methyl methacrylate triblock copolymers using peculiar living free radical polymerization with difunctional t-BuLi initiator. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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241
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Yuan M, Xu L, Cui X, Lv J, Zhang P, Tang H. Facile Synthesis of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) by Organic Halides in the Presence of Palladium Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112747. [PMID: 33233643 PMCID: PMC7699786 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and versatile approach for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at mild conditions was developed. Certain organic halides combined with a catalytical amount of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were found to be very effective in initiating polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA), methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate and other vinyl monomers. An ultrahigh molecular weight PMMA with a number-average molecular weight of 4.65 × 106 Da and a weight-average molecular weight of 8.08 × 106 Da was synthesized at 70 °C using 2-bromoisobutyric acid ethyl ester (EBiB) as an initiator in the presence of catalytical amount (10.1 ppm) of Pd NPs. A kinetic investigation found that the orders of polymerization with respect to EBiB, Pd NP and MMA were 0.23, 0.50, and 0.58, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to prove that the macromolecular chain had an end-group of EBiB residue. The electron spin resonance (ESR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results reveal that the reaction of EBiB with Pd NPs caused a bromo atom (Br) transfer from EBiB to Pd NPs and resulted in the generation of EBiB residue radical to initiate the polymerization of MMA and the formation of PdIIBr2 on the surface of Pd nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (M.Y.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Lili Xu
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (M.Y.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuetao Cui
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (M.Y.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiaxing Lv
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (M.Y.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Panpan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Huadong Tang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (M.Y.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18957127963 or +86-571-88320215
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242
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Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S, Bakhsheshi‐Rad HR, Karbasi S, Tavakoli M, Hassanzadeh Tabrizi SA, Ismail AF, Seifalian A, RamaKrishna S, Berto F. Poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement, its rise, growth, downfall and future. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University Najafabad Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi‐Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University Najafabad Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746‐73461 Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Hassanzadeh Tabrizi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University Najafabad Iran
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai, Johor Bahru Johor 81310 Malaysia
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd) London Biosciences Innovation Centre 2 Royal College Street London NW1 0NH U.K
| | - Seeram RamaKrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
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243
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Effect Of Magnesium Perchlorate Content on the Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Dielectric Properties of Plasticized PMMA/PVC-g-PMMA Electrolytes. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/2806242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, new types of gel polymer blend electrolytes (GPBEs) were prepared with the synthesized PVC-g-PMMA graft copolymer, PMMA, plasticizers (propylene carbonate (PC), dioctyl phthalate (DOP)), and different loadings of Mg(ClO4)2 via the solution casting method using tetrahydrofuran as solvent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the electrolytes showed mutual molecular interactions between Mg(ClO4)2 and organic moieties. The scanning electron microscopy images of the GPBEs showed their wrinkled surface morphology due to their low elastic modulus and high flexibility. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and mapping technique revealed the regular distributions of all atomic elements such as Cl, Mg, O, and C in the doped GPBEs. With increasing the Mg salt concentration, Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the GPBEs strongly decreased. Interestingly, the elongation at break of the GPBEs was higher than that of neat (undoped) GPBE and achieved the highest value of 215% at the salt content of 20 wt.%. The AC conductivity and ionic conductivity, as well as dielectric permittivity of plasticized PMMA/PVC-g-PMMA/Mg(ClO4)2 GPBE,s increased with frequency and Mg(ClO4)2 doping content. Ionic conductivity of the doped GPBEs can be achieved from
to
(S.cm-1) using Mg(ClO4)2 contents in the range from 10 to 40 wt.%. The doped GPBEs are thermally stable up to 100°C with very low weight losses. The GPBE doped with 20 wt.% of Mg(ClO4)2 can be used as a new type of electrolyte for developing Mg batteries.
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244
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Wu C. Tacticity Effects on the Bulk Modulus of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Explored by Coarse-Grained Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10811-10821. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofu Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
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245
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Huguet-Casquero A, Gainza E, Pedraz JL. Towards Green Nanoscience: From extraction to nanoformulation. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107657. [PMID: 33181241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology has revolutionized many biotechnological sectors, from bioengineering to medicine, passing through food and cosmetic fields. However, their clinic and industrial application has been into the spotlight due to their safety risk and related side effects. As a result, Green Nanoscience/Nanotechnology emerged as a strategy to prevent any associated nanotoxicity, via implementation of sustainable processes across the whole lifecycle of nanoformulation. Notwithstanding its success across inorganic nanoparticles, the green concept for organic nanoparticle elaboration is still at its infancy. This, coupled with the organic nanoparticles being the most commonly used in biomedicine, highlights the need to implement specific green principles for their elaboration. In this review, we will discuss the possible green routes for the proper design of organic nanoparticles under the umbrella of Green Nanoscience: from the extraction of nanomaterials and active compounds to their final nanoformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Huguet-Casquero
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria- Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biosasun S.A, Iturralde 10, Etxabarri-Ibiña, Zigoitia 01006, Spain
| | - Eusebio Gainza
- Biosasun S.A, Iturralde 10, Etxabarri-Ibiña, Zigoitia 01006, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria- Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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246
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Cherni A, Zeiri N, Yahyaoui N, Said M. Consequences of dielectric mismatch on linear and third order nonlinear optical properties for CdS/ZnSe core/shell QD-matrix. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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247
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Akhidime ID, Slate AJ, Hulme A, Whitehead KA. The Influence of Surface Topography and Wettability on Escherichia coli Removal from Polymeric Materials in the Presence of a Blood Conditioning Film. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7368. [PMID: 33050212 PMCID: PMC7599617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of biofouling and the reduction of cross-contamination in the food industry are important aspects of safety management systems. Polymeric surfaces are used extensively throughout the food production industry and therefore ensuring that effective cleaning regimes are conducted is vital. Throughout this study, the influence of the surface characteristics of three different polymeric surfaces, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on the removal of Escherichia coli using a wipe clean method utilising 3% sodium hypochlorite was determined. The PTFE surfaces were the roughest and demonstrated the least wettable surface (118.8°), followed by the PMMA (75.2°) and PET surfaces (53.9°). Following cleaning with a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, bacteria were completely removed from the PTFE surfaces, whilst the PMMA and PET surfaces still had high numbers of bacteria recovered (1.2 × 107 CFU/mL and 6.3 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively). When bacterial suspensions were applied to the surfaces in the presence of a blood conditioning film, cleaning with sodium hypochlorite demonstrated that no bacteria were recovered from the PMMA surface. However, on both the PTFE and PET surfaces, bacteria were recovered at lower concentrations (2.0 × 102 CFU/mL and 1.3 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively). ATP bioluminescence results demonstrated significantly different ATP concentrations on the surfaces when soiled (PTFE: 132 relative light units (RLU), PMMA: 80 RLU and PET: 99 RLU). Following cleaning, both in the presence and absence of a blood conditioning film, all the surfaces were considered clean, producing ATP concentrations in the range of 0-2 RLU. The results generated in this study demonstrated that the presence of a blood conditioning film significantly altered the removal of bacteria from the polymeric surfaces following a standard cleaning regime. Conditioning films which represent the environment where the surface is intended to be used should be a vital part of the test regime to ensure an effective disinfection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Devine Akhidime
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (I.D.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Anthony J. Slate
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Anca Hulme
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (I.D.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (I.D.A.); (A.H.)
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Zafar MS. Prosthodontic Applications of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): An Update. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2299. [PMID: 33049984 PMCID: PMC7599472 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of polymers are commonly used for various applications in prosthodontics. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used for prosthetic dental applications, including the fabrication of artificial teeth, denture bases, dentures, obturators, orthodontic retainers, temporary or provisional crowns, and for the repair of dental prostheses. Additional dental applications of PMMA include occlusal splints, printed or milled casts, dies for treatment planning, and the embedding of tooth specimens for research purposes. The unique properties of PMMA, such as its low density, aesthetics, cost-effectiveness, ease of manipulation, and tailorable physical and mechanical properties, make it a suitable and popular biomaterial for these dental applications. To further improve the properties (thermal properties, water sorption, solubility, impact strength, flexural strength) of PMMA, several chemical modifications and mechanical reinforcement techniques using various types of fibers, nanoparticles, and nanotubes have been reported recently. The present article comprehensively reviews various aspects and properties of PMMA biomaterials, mainly for prosthodontic applications. In addition, recent updates and modifications to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of PMMA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Mechanical, anti-bacterial, and easy-to-clean properties of hybrid polymer-based composites containing modified SiO2 prepared by thermal polymerization. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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El-Gamal S, Elsayed M. Synthesis, structural, thermal, mechanical, and nano-scale free volume properties of novel PbO/PVC/PMMA nanocomposites. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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