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Gamiño-Gutiérrez JA, Terán-Hernández IM, Castellar-Lopez J, Villamizar-Villamizar W, Osorio-Llanes E, Palacios-Cruz M, Rosales W, Chang AY, Díaz-Ariza LA, Ospino MC, Mendoza-Torres E. Novel Insights into the Cardioprotective Effects of the Peptides of the Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System. Biomedicines 2024; 12:255. [PMID: 38397857 PMCID: PMC10887066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, cardiovascular diseases are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, having a significant negative impact on both the economy and public health. The renin-angiotensin system contributes to a high spectrum of cardiovascular disorders and is essential for maintaining normal cardiovascular homeostasis. Overactivation of the classical renin-angiotensin system is one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system is an alternate pathway which favors the synthesis of different peptides, including Angiotensin-(1-7), Angiotensin-(1-9), and Alamandine. These peptides, via the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R), MasR, and MrgD, initiate multiple downstream signaling pathways that culminate in the activation of various cardioprotective mechanisms, such as decreased cardiac fibrosis, decreased myocardial hypertrophy, vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, natriuresis, and nitric oxide synthesis. These cardioprotective effects position them as therapeutic alternatives for reducing the progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to show the latest findings on the cardioprotective effects of the main peptides of the counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana María Terán-Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (I.M.T.-H.); (W.V.-V.); (L.A.D.-A.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Jairo Castellar-Lopez
- Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (J.C.-L.); (E.O.-L.); (W.R.)
| | - Wendy Villamizar-Villamizar
- Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (I.M.T.-H.); (W.V.-V.); (L.A.D.-A.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Estefanie Osorio-Llanes
- Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (J.C.-L.); (E.O.-L.); (W.R.)
| | | | - Wendy Rosales
- Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (J.C.-L.); (E.O.-L.); (W.R.)
| | - Aileen Y. Chang
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz-Ariza
- Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (I.M.T.-H.); (W.V.-V.); (L.A.D.-A.); (M.C.O.)
| | - María Clara Ospino
- Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (I.M.T.-H.); (W.V.-V.); (L.A.D.-A.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Evelyn Mendoza-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (I.M.T.-H.); (W.V.-V.); (L.A.D.-A.); (M.C.O.)
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Sepúlveda-Rivas S, Leal MS, Pedrozo Z, Kogan MJ, Ocaranza MP, Morales JO. Nanoparticle-Mediated Angiotensin-(1-9) Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060822. [PMID: 34206106 PMCID: PMC8228229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ang-(1-9) peptide is a bioactive vasodilator peptide that prevents cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo as well as lowers blood pressure and pathological cardiovascular remodeling; however, it has a reduced half-life in circulation, requiring a suitable carrier for its delivery. In this work, hybrid nanoparticles composed of polymeric nanoparticles (pNPs) based on Eudragit® E/Alginate (EE/Alg), and gold nanospheres (AuNS), were developed to evaluate their encapsulation capacity and release of Ang-(1-9) under different experimental conditions. Hybrid pNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, size distribution, and concentration by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Nanometric pNPs, with good polydispersity index and colloidally stable, produced high association efficiency of Ang-(1-9) and controlled release. Finally, the treatment of neonatal cardiomyocytes in culture with EE/Alg/AuNS 2% + Ang-(1-9) 20% pNPs decreased the area and perimeter, demonstrating efficacy in preventing norepinephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. On the other hand, the incorporation of AuNS did not cause negative effects either on the cytotoxicity or on the association capacity of Ang-(1-9), suggesting that the hybrid carrier EE/Alg/AuNS pNPs could be used for the delivery of Ang-(1-9) in the treatment of cardiovascular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sepúlveda-Rivas
- Medical Technology School, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Matías S. Leal
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Red Para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension, Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.P.O.); (J.O.M.)
| | - Javier O. Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension, Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.P.O.); (J.O.M.)
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Garrido V, Mendoza-Torres E, Riquelme JA, Díaz A, Pizarro M, Bustamante M, Chavez MN, Ocaranza MP, Mellado R, Corbalan R, Allende ML, Lavandero S. Novel Therapies Targeting Cardioprotection and Regeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:2592-2615. [PMID: 28079007 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170112122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The heart is susceptible to pathologies that impact the myocardium directly, such as myocardial infarction and consequent heart failure, as well as conditions with indirect cardiac effects, such as cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity. As the contractile cells of the heart, cardiomyocytes are essential for normal cardiac function. Various stress stimuli may result in transient damage or cell death in cardiomyocytes through apoptosis, necrosis or maladaptive autophagy. Moreover, cardiomyocytes are unable to regenerate; thus, lost cells are replaced with fibrotic tissue, with a potentially severe impact on myocardial function. Several therapeutic agents and strategies to reduce cardiomyocyte damage are currently available. This manuscript reviews the state of the art regarding novel cardioprotective endogenous peptides, such as neuregulin-1, angiotensin-(1-9), growth/differentiation factor-11, growth/differentiation factor- 15 and insulin-like growth factor-1. We discuss their protective effects and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases and the current challenges to harnessing their full cardioprotective power. We also explore targeting of exosomes as a cardioprotective approach along with the therapeutic potential of cardiac regeneration strategies. Further advances associated with these molecules and cardioprotective approaches may provide more effective therapies to attenuate or prevent cardiomyocyte death, thereby preserving the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Garrido
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | | | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Ariel Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Marcela Pizarro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Mario Bustamante
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Myra N Chavez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Rosemarie Mellado
- Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Ramon Corbalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome Regulation, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago 8380492. Chile
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Mendoza-Torres E, Oyarzún A, Mondaca-Ruff D, Azocar A, Castro PF, Jalil JE, Chiong M, Lavandero S, Ocaranza MP. ACE2 and vasoactive peptides: novel players in cardiovascular/renal remodeling and hypertension. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 9:217-37. [PMID: 26275770 DOI: 10.1177/1753944715597623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key component of cardiovascular physiology and homeostasis due to its influence on the regulation of electrolyte balance, blood pressure, vascular tone and cardiovascular remodeling. Deregulation of this system contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Numerous studies have generated new perspectives about a noncanonical and protective RAS pathway that counteracts the proliferative and hypertensive effects of the classical angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin (Ang) II/angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis. The key components of this pathway are ACE2 and its products, Ang-(1-7) and Ang-(1-9). These two vasoactive peptides act through the Mas receptor (MasR) and AT2R, respectively. The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR and ACE2/Ang-(1-9)/AT2R axes have opposite effects to those of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis, such as decreased proliferation and cardiovascular remodeling, increased production of nitric oxide and vasodilation. A novel peptide from the noncanonical pathway, alamandine, was recently identified in rats, mice and humans. This heptapeptide is generated by catalytic action of ACE2 on Ang A or through a decarboxylation reaction on Ang-(1-7). Alamandine produces the same effects as Ang-(1-7), such as vasodilation and prevention of fibrosis, by interacting with Mas-related GPCR, member D (MrgD). In this article, we review the key roles of ACE2 and the vasoactive peptides Ang-(1-7), Ang-(1-9) and alamandine as counter-regulators of the ACE-Ang II axis as well as the biological properties that allow them to regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular and renal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Mendoza-Torres
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Oyarzún
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Azocar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Division Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge E Jalil
- Division Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, PontificiaUniversidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.Division Enfermedades Cardiovasculares,Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia UniversidadCatólica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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