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Osorio-Llanes E, Castellar-López J, Rosales W, Montoya Y, Bustamante J, Zalaquett R, Bravo-Sagua R, Riquelme JA, Sánchez G, Chiong M, Lavandero S, Mendoza-Torres E. Novel Strategies to Improve the Cardioprotective Effects of Cardioplegia. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:CCR-EPUB-137763. [PMID: 38275069 PMCID: PMC11071679 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x263956231129064455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of cardioprotective strategies as adjuvants of cardioplegic solutions has become an ideal alternative for the improvement of post-surgery heart recovery. The choice of the optimal cardioplegia, as well as its distribution mechanism, remains controversial in the field of cardiovascular surgery. There is still a need to search for new and better cardioprotective methods during cardioplegic procedures. New techniques for the management of cardiovascular complications during cardioplegia have evolved with new alternatives and additives, and each new strategy provides a tool to neutralize the damage after ischemia/reperfusion events. Researchers and clinicians have committed themselves to studying the effect of new strategies and adjuvant components with the potential to improve the cardioprotective effect of cardioplegic solutions in preventing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury during cardiac surgery. The aim of this review is to explore the different types of cardioplegia, their protection mechanisms, and which strategies have been proposed to enhance the function of these solutions in hearts exposed to cardiovascular pathologies that require surgical alternatives for their corrective progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanie Osorio-Llanes
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Universidad Libre Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - Jairo Castellar-López
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Universidad Libre Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - Wendy Rosales
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Universidad Libre Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - Yuliet Montoya
- Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular (GDC), Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia
| | - John Bustamante
- Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular (GDC), Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Zalaquett
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae - Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio OMEGA, INTA, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Evelyn Mendoza-Torres
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Benavides S, Palavecino R, Riquelme JA, Montecinos L, Finkelstein JP, Donoso P, Sánchez G. Inhibition of NOX2 or NLRP3 inflammasome prevents cardiac remote ischemic preconditioning. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1327402. [PMID: 38288352 PMCID: PMC10822933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1327402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Short episodes of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in the heart (classical ischemic preconditioning, IPC) or in a limb (remote ischemic preconditioning, RIPC) before a prolonged ischemic episode, reduce the size of the infarct. It is unknown whether IPC and RIPC share common mechanisms of protection. Animals KO for NOX2, a superoxide-producing enzyme, or KO for NLRP3, a protein component of inflammasome, are not protected by IPC. The aim of this study was to investigate if NOX2 or NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in the protection induced by RIPC. Methods: We preconditioned rats using 4 × 5 min periods of IR in the limb with or without a NOX2 inhibitor (apocynin) or an NLRP3 inhibitor (Bay117082). In isolated hearts, we measured the infarct size after 30 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. In hearts from preconditioned rats we measured the activity of NOX2; the mRNA of Nrf2, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase, glutathione dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase and sulfiredoxin by RT-qPCR; the content of glutathione; the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the content of IL-1β and IL-10 in cardiac tissue. In exosomes isolated from plasma, we quantified NOX2 activity. Results: The infarct size after IR decreased from 40% in controls to 9% of the heart volume after RIPC. This protective effect was lost in the presence of both inhibitors. RIPC increased NOX2 activity in the heart and exosomes, as indicated by the increased association of p47phox to the membrane and by the increased oxidation rate of NADPH. RIPC also increased the mRNA of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes. Also, RIPC increased the content of glutathione and the GSH/GSSG ratio. The inflammasome proteins NLRP3, procaspase-1, and caspase-1 were all increased in the hearts of RIPC rats. At the end of RIPC protocol, IL-1β increased in plasma but decreased in cardiac tissue. At the same time, IL-10 did not change in cardiac tissue but increased by 70% during the next 50 min of perfusion. Conclusion: RIPC activates NOX2 which upregulates the heart's antioxidant defenses and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome which stimulates a cardiac anti-inflammatory response. These changes may underlie the decrease in the infarct size induced by RIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Benavides
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Palavecino
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Montecinos
- Physiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pablo Finkelstein
- Physiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Donoso
- Physiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Herrera-Zelada N, Zúñiga-Cuevas Ú, Ramírez-Reyes A, Norambuena-Soto I, Venegas-Zamora L, Troncoso MF, Hernández A, Sánchez G, Pedrozo Z, Lavandero S, Riquelme JA. Endothelial activation impairs the function of small extracellular vesicles. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1143888. [PMID: 37050899 PMCID: PMC10083389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1143888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles are nanosized vesicles (30–200 nm) that can ferry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids between cells and therefore, have significant potential as biomarkers, drug delivery tools or therapeutic agents. SEVs of endothelial origin have been shown to -among other functions-reduce in vitro ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in cardiomyocytes, but whether a pro-inflammatory state of the endothelium impairs the functionality of these SEVs remains to be elucidated. To test this, human umbilical vein endothelial cells cells were treated with TNF-α 10 ng/mL and the expression of the pro-inflammatory parameters VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and eNOS were determined by Western blot. SEVs were isolated from endothelial cells treated with or without TNF-α 10 ng/mL using size exclusion chromatography. The size and concentration of SEVs was measured by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. The expression of the surface marker CD81 was determined by immunoassay, whereas their morphology was assessed by electron microscopy. The function of endothelial SEVs was assessed by evaluating their cardioprotective effect in an ex vivo model of global I/R using isolated hearts from adult C57BL/6 mice. Treatment of HUVECs with TNF-α induced the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, whereas eNOS levels were decreased. TNF-α did not affect the production, size, morphology, or expression of CD81. SEVs significantly reduced the infarct size as compared with untreated mice hearts, but SEVs isolated from TNF-α treated cells were unable to achieve this effect. Therefore, a pro-inflammatory state induced by TNF-α does not alter the production of endothelial SEVs but impairs their function in the setting of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Herrera-Zelada
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Úrsula Zúñiga-Cuevas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Ramírez-Reyes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslye Venegas-Zamora
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mayarling F. Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Hernández
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jaime A. Riquelme,
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Troncoso MF, Díaz-Vesga MC, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Riquelme JA, Müller M, Garrido L, Gabrielli L, Chiong M, Corbalan R, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Targeting VCAM-1: a therapeutic opportunity for vascular damage. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:207-223. [PMID: 36880349 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2187778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) is a transmembrane sialoglycoprotein detected in activated endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells involved in the adhesion and transmigration of inflammatory cells into damaged tissue. Widely used as a pro-inflammatory marker, its potential role as a targeting molecule has not been thoroughly explored. AREAS COVERED We discuss the current evidence supporting the potential targeting of VCAM-1 in atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and ischemia/reperfusion injury. EXPERT OPINION There is emerging evidence that VCAM-1 is more than a biomarker and may be a promising therapeutic target for vascular diseases. While there are neutralizing antibodies that allow preclinical research, the development of pharmacological tools to activate or inhibit this protein are required to thoroughly assess its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayarling F Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magda C Díaz-Vesga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioly Müller
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Garrido
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Division Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramon Corbalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Division Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Kretschmar C, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Reyes M, Peña-Oyarzún D, García-Navarrete C, Troncoso R, Díaz-Castro F, Budini M, Morselli E, Riquelme JA, Hill JA, Lavandero S, Criollo A. Methods for studying primary cilia in heart tissue after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:85-101. [PMID: 37164544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. After heart injury triggered by myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, extensive zones of tissue are damaged and some of the tissue dies by necrosis and/or apoptosis. The loss of contractile mass activates a series of biochemical mechanisms that allow, through cardiac remodeling, the replacement of the dysfunctional heart tissue by fibrotic material. Our previous studies have shown that primary cilia, non-motile antenna-like structures at the cell surface required for the activation of specific signaling pathways, are present in cardiac fibroblasts and required for cardiac fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. I/R-induced myocardial fibrosis promotes the enrichment of ciliated cardiac fibroblasts where the myocardial injury occurs. Given discussions about the existence of cilia in specific cardiac cell types, as well as the functional relevance of studying cilia-dependent signaling in cardiac fibrosis after I/R, here we describe our methods to evaluate the presence and roles of primary cilia in cardiac fibrosis after I/R in mice.
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Morgado-Cáceres P, Liabeuf G, Calle X, Briones L, Riquelme JA, Bravo-Sagua R, Parra V. The aging of ER-mitochondria communication: A journey from undifferentiated to aged cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946678. [PMID: 36060801 PMCID: PMC9437272 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex physiology of eukaryotic cells requires that a variety of subcellular organelles perform unique tasks, even though they form highly dynamic communication networks. In the case of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, their functional coupling relies on the physical interaction between their membranes, mediated by domains known as mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs act as shuttles for calcium and lipid transfer between organelles, and for the nucleation of other subcellular processes. Of note, mounting evidence shows that they are heterogeneous structures, which display divergent behaviors depending on the cell type. Furthermore, MERCs are plastic structures that remodel according to intra- and extracellular cues, thereby adjusting the function of both organelles to the cellular needs. In consonance with this notion, the malfunction of MERCs reportedly contributes to the development of several age-related disorders. Here, we integrate current literature to describe how MERCs change, starting from undifferentiated cells, and their transit through specialization, malignant transformation (i.e., dedifferentiation), and aging/senescence. Along this journey, we will review the function of MERCs and their relevance for pivotal cell types, such as stem and cancer cells, cardiac, skeletal, and smooth myocytes, neurons, leukocytes, and hepatocytes, which intervene in the progression of chronic diseases related to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Morgado-Cáceres
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianella Liabeuf
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Calle
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lautaro Briones
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red de Investigación en Envejecimiento Saludable, Consorcio de Universidades del Estado de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roberto Bravo-Sagua, ; Valentina Parra,
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roberto Bravo-Sagua, ; Valentina Parra,
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Mondaca-Ruff D, Quiroga C, Norambuena-Soto I, Riquelme JA, San Martin A, Bustamante M, Lavandero S, Chiong M. Regulation of total LC3 levels by angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1710-1713. [PMID: 35118791 PMCID: PMC8899170 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with high circulating angiotensin II (Ang II). We have reported that autophagy regulates Ang II‐induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy, but the mechanism mediating this effect is still unknown. Therefore, we studied how Ang II regulates LC3 levels in VSMCs and whether Bag3, a co‐chaperone known to regulate LC3 total levels, may be involved in the effects elicited by Ang II. A7r5 cell line or rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) primary culture were stimulated with Ang II 100 nM for 24 h and LC3 I, LC3 II and Bag3 protein levels were determined by Western blot. MAP1LC3B mRNA levels were assessed by RT‐qPCR. Ang II increased MAP1LC3B mRNA levels and protein levels of LC3 I, LC3 II and total LC3 (LC3 I + LC3 II). Cycloheximide, but not actinomycin D, abolished LC3 II and total LC3 increase elicited by Ang II in RASMCs. In A7r5 cells, cycloheximide prevented the Ang II‐mediated increase of LC3 I and total LC3, but not LC3 II. Moreover, Ang II increased Bag3 levels, but this increase was not observed upon co‐administration with either losartan 1 μM (AT1R antagonist) or Y‐27632 10 μM (ROCK inhibitor). These results suggest that Ang II may regulate total LC3 content through transcriptional and translational mechanisms. Moreover, Bag3 is increased in response to Ang II by a AT1R/ROCK signalling pathway. These data provide preliminary evidence suggesting that Ang II may stimulate autophagy in VSMCs by increasing total LC3 content and LC3 processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mario Bustamante
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Corporacion Centro de Estudios Cientificos de las Enfermedades Cronicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kalkhoran SB, Kriston-Vizi J, Hernandez-Resendiz S, Crespo-Avilan GE, Rosdah AA, Lees JG, Costa JRSD, Ling NXY, Holien JK, Samangouei P, Chinda K, Yap EP, Riquelme JA, Ketteler R, Yellon DM, Lim SY, Hausenloy DJ. Hydralazine protects the heart against acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:282-294. [PMID: 33386841 PMCID: PMC8752357 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fission induced by acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size. The clinically used anti-hypertensive and heart failure medication, hydralazine, is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Here, we investigated whether hydralazine confers acute cardioprotection by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. METHODS AND RESULTS Pre-treatment with hydralazine was shown to inhibit both mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation induced by oxidative stress in HeLa cells. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), pre-treatment with hydralazine attenuated mitochondrial fission and cell death induced by oxidative stress, but this effect was absent in MEFs deficient in the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated binding of hydralazine to the GTPase domain of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1 (KD 8.6±1.0 µM), and inhibition of Drp1 GTPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. In isolated adult murine cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated IRI, hydralazine inhibited mitochondrial fission, preserved mitochondrial fusion events, and reduced cardiomyocyte death (hydralazine 24.7±2.5% vs. control 34.1±1.5%, P=0.0012). In ex vivo perfused murine hearts subjected to acute IRI, pre-treatment with hydralazine reduced myocardial infarct size (as % left ventricle: hydralazine 29.6±6.5% vs. vehicle control 54.1±4.9%, P=0.0083), and in the murine heart subjected to in vivo IRI, the administration of hydralazine at reperfusion, decreased myocardial infarct size (as % area-at-risk: hydralazine 28.9±3.0% vs. vehicle control 58.2±3.8%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION We show that, in addition to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, hydralazine, confers acute cardioprotection by inhibiting IRI-induced mitochondrial fission, raising the possibility of repurposing hydralazine as a novel cardioprotective therapy for improving post-infarction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Beikoghli Kalkhoran
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College, Gower St, Kings Cross, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig-University, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ayeshah A Rosdah
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Bukit Lama, Kec. Ilir Bar. I, Kota Palembang, 30139 Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Medical Building, Cnr Grattan Street & Royal Parade, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Medical Building, Cnr Grattan Street & Royal Parade, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Naomi X Y Ling
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Medical Building, Cnr Grattan Street & Royal Parade, 3010 Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Parisa Samangouei
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
| | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - En Ping Yap
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College, Gower St, Kings Cross, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Medical Building, Cnr Grattan Street & Royal Parade, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, 41354 Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Sanhueza-Olivares F, Troncoso MF, Pino-de la Fuente F, Martinez-Bilbao J, Riquelme JA, Norambuena-Soto I, Villa M, Lavandero S, Castro PF, Chiong M. A potential role of autophagy-mediated vascular senescence in the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1057349. [PMID: 36465616 PMCID: PMC9713703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1057349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the most complex and most prevalent cardiometabolic diseases in aging population. Age, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are the main comorbidities of HFpEF. Microvascular dysfunction and vascular remodeling play a major role in its development. Among the many mechanisms involved in this process, vascular stiffening has been described as one the most prevalent during HFpEF, leading to ventricular-vascular uncoupling and mismatches in aged HFpEF patients. Aged blood vessels display an increased number of senescent endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This is consistent with the fact that EC and cardiomyocyte cell senescence has been reported during HFpEF. Autophagy plays a major role in VSMCs physiology, regulating phenotypic switch between contractile and synthetic phenotypes. It has also been described that autophagy can regulate arterial stiffening and EC and VSMC senescence. Many studies now support the notion that targeting autophagy would help with the treatment of many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in autophagy-mediated vascular senescence and whether this could be a driver in the development and progression of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mayarling F. Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pino-de la Fuente
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Martinez-Bilbao
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monica Villa
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Pablo F. Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Mario Chiong,
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10
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Díaz-Vesga MC, Zúñiga-Cuevas Ú, Ramírez-Reyes A, Herrera-Zelada N, Palomo I, Bravo-Sagua R, Riquelme JA. Potential Therapies to Protect the Aging Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:770421. [PMID: 34869687 PMCID: PMC8639870 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.770421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite important advances in the treatment of myocardial infarction that have significantly reduced mortality, there is still an unmet need to limit the infarct size after reperfusion injury in order to prevent the onset and severity of heart failure. Multiple cardioprotective maneuvers, therapeutic targets, peptides and drugs have been developed to effectively protect the myocardium from reperfusion-induced cell death in preclinical studies. Nonetheless, the translation of these therapies from laboratory to clinical contexts has been quite challenging. Comorbidities, comedications or inadequate ischemia/reperfusion experimental models are clearly identified variables that need to be accounted for in order to achieve effective cardioprotection studies. The aging heart is characterized by altered proteostasis, DNA instability, epigenetic changes, among others. A vast number of studies has shown that multiple therapeutic strategies, such as ischemic conditioning phenomena and protective drugs are unable to protect the aged heart from myocardial infarction. In this Mini-Review, we will provide an updated state of the art concerning potential new cardioprotective strategies targeting the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda C Díaz-Vesga
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali, Colombia.,Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Úrsula Zúñiga-Cuevas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Ramírez-Reyes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Herrera-Zelada
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Chile.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Chile
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11
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Herrera-Zelada N, Zuñiga-Cuevas U, Ramirez-Reyes A, Lavandero S, Riquelme JA. Targeting the Endothelium to Achieve Cardioprotection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:636134. [PMID: 33603675 PMCID: PMC7884828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.636134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable improvements in the treatment of myocardial infarction, it is still a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Novel therapeutic strategies to limit infarct size are required to protect myocardial function and thus, avoid heart failure progression. Cardioprotection is a research topic with significant achievements in the context of basic science. However, translation of the beneficial effects of protective approaches from bench to bedside has proven difficult. Therefore, there is still an unmet need to study new avenues leading to protecting the myocardium against infarction. In line with this, the endothelium is an essential component of the cardiovascular system with multiple therapeutic targets with cardioprotective potential. Endothelial cells are the most abundant non-myocyte cell type in the heart and are key players in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These cells can regulate vascular tone, angiogenesis, hemostasis, and inflammation. Accordingly, endothelial dysfunction plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular diseases, which may ultimately lead to myocardial infarction. The endothelium is of paramount importance to protect the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury via conditioning strategies or cardioprotective drugs. This review will provide updated information on the most promising therapeutic agents and protective approaches targeting endothelial cells in the context of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Herrera-Zelada
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ursula Zuñiga-Cuevas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Ramirez-Reyes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Riquelme JA, Takov K, Santiago-Fernández C, Rossello X, Lavandero S, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Increased production of functional small extracellular vesicles in senescent endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4871-4876. [PMID: 32101370 PMCID: PMC7176858 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel players in vascular biology. However, a thorough understanding of their production and function remains elusive. Endothelial senescence is a key feature of vascular ageing and thus, is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular disease. In this study, we sought to characterize the EV production of senescent endothelial cells. To achieve this, Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were replicated until they reached senescence, as determined by measurement of Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase activity via microscopy and flow cytometry. Expression of the endosomal marker Rab7 and the EV marker CD63 was determined by immunofluorescence. Small EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized using electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and immunoassays to assess morphology, size, concentration and expression of exosome markers CD9 and CD81. Migration of HUVECs in response to EVs was studied using a transwell assay. The results showed that senescent endothelial cells express higher levels of Rab7 and CD63. Moreover, senescent endothelial cells produced higher levels of CD9- and CD81-positive EVs. Additionally, small EVs from both young and senescent endothelial cells promoted HUVEC migration. Overall, senescent endothelial cells produce an increased number of functional small EVs, which may have a role in vascular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Riquelme
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernández
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Xavier Rossello
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cardiology Division, Department of Internal medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Olmedo I, Pino G, Riquelme JA, Aranguiz P, Díaz MC, López-Crisosto C, Lavandero S, Donoso P, Pedrozo Z, Sánchez G. Inhibition of the proteasome preserves Mitofusin-2 and mitochondrial integrity, protecting cardiomyocytes during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165659. [PMID: 31891806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte loss is the main cause of myocardial dysfunction following an ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction and altered mitochondrial network dynamics play central roles in cardiomyocyte death. Proteasome inhibition is cardioprotective in the setting of IR; however, the mechanisms underlying this protection are not well-understood. Several proteins that regulate mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism, including Mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), are degraded by the proteasome. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether proteasome inhibition can protect cardiomyocytes from IR damage by maintaining Mfn2 levels and preserving mitochondrial network integrity. Using ex vivo Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and in vitro neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, we showed that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 reduced IR-induced cardiomyocyte death. Moreover, MG132 preserved mitochondrial mass, prevented mitochondrial network fragmentation, and abolished IR-induced reductions in Mfn2 levels in heart tissue and cultured cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, Mfn2 overexpression also prevented cardiomyocyte death. This effect was apparently specific to Mfn2, as overexpression of Miro1, another protein implicated in mitochondrial dynamics, did not confer the same protection. Our results suggest that proteasome inhibition protects cardiomyocytes from IR damage. This effect could be partly mediated by preservation of Mfn2 and therefore mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Olmedo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Pino
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380492, Chile; Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380492, Chile
| | - Pablo Aranguiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Magda C Díaz
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380492, Chile; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Colombia
| | - Camila López-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380492, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380492, Chile; Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago de Chile 7680201, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Paulina Donoso
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380492, Chile.
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile.
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14
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Mondaca-Ruff D, Riquelme JA, Quiroga C, Norambuena-Soto I, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Villar-Fincheira P, Hernández-Díaz T, Cancino-Arenas N, San Martin A, García L, Lavandero S, Chiong M. Angiotensin II-Regulated Autophagy Is Required for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1553. [PMID: 30804791 PMCID: PMC6371839 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a disease associated to increased plasma levels of angiotensin II (Ang II). Ang II can regulate proliferation, migration, ROS production and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the mechanisms by which Ang II can affect VSMCs remain to be fully elucidated. In this context, autophagy, a process involved in self-digestion of proteins and organelles, has been described to regulate vascular remodeling. Therefore, we sought to investigate if Ang II regulates VSMC hypertrophy through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. To test this, we stimulated A7r5 cell line and primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells with Ang II 100 nM and measured autophagic markers at 24 h by Western blot. Autophagosomes were quantified by visualizing fluorescently labeled LC3 using confocal microscopy. The results showed that treatment with Ang II increases Beclin-1, Vps34, Atg-12-Atg5, Atg4 and Atg7 protein levels, Beclin-1 phosphorylation, as well as the number of autophagic vesicles, suggesting that this peptide induces autophagy by activating phagophore initiation and elongation. These findings were confirmed by the assessment of autophagic flux by co-administering Ang II together with chloroquine (30 μM). Pharmacological antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) with losartan and RhoA/Rho Kinase inhibition prevented Ang II-induced autophagy. Moreover, Ang II-induced A7r5 hypertrophy, evaluated by α-SMA expression and cell size, was prevented upon autophagy inhibition. Taking together, our results suggest that the induction of autophagy by an AT1R/RhoA/Rho Kinase-dependent mechanism contributes to Ang II-induced hypertrophy in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Villar-Fincheira
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Hernández-Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Riquelme JA, Ferreccio C, Lavandero S. Editorial commentary: Cardiometabolic diseases and gut microbiota-removing the veil. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:148-149. [PMID: 30219275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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Mendoza-Torres E, Riquelme JA, Vielma A, Sagredo AR, Gabrielli L, Bravo-Sagua R, Jalil JE, Rothermel BA, Sanchez G, Ocaranza MP, Lavandero S. Protection of the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury by angiotensin-(1–9) through an AT2R and Akt-dependent mechanism. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:112-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Kitsis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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18
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García-Miguel M, Riquelme JA, Norambuena-Soto I, Morales PE, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Nuñez-Soto C, Mondaca-Ruff D, Cancino-Arenas N, San Martín A, Chiong M. Autophagy mediates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced phenotype switching in vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cell line. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197210. [PMID: 29750813 PMCID: PMC5947899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) dedifferentiation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype contributes to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic tissue has a chronic inflammatory component with high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). VSMC of atheromatous plaques have increased autophagy, a mechanism responsible for protein and intracellular organelle degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TNF-α induces phenotype switching of VSMCs and whether this effect depends on autophagy. Rat aortic Vascular smooth A7r5 cell line was used as a model to examine the phenotype switching and autophagy. These cells were stimulated with TNF-α 100 ng/mL. Autophagy was determined by measuring LC3-II and p62 protein levels. Autophagy was inhibited using chloroquine and siRNA Beclin1. Cell dedifferentiation was evaluated by measuring the expression of contractile proteins α-SMA and SM22, extracellular matrix protein osteopontin and type I collagen levels. Cell proliferation was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay, and migration was evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was assessed by ELISA. TNF-α induced autophagy as determined by increased LC3-II (1.91±0.21, p<0.001) and decreased p62 (0.86±0.02, p<0.05) when compared to control. Additionally, TNF-α decreased α-SMA (0.74±0.12, p<0.05) and SM22 (0.54±0.01, p<0.01) protein levels. Consequently, TNF-α induced migration (1.25±0.05, p<0.05), proliferation (2.33±0.24, p<0.05), and the secretion of IL-6 (258±53, p<0.01), type I collagen (3.09±0.85, p<0.01) and osteopontin (2.32±0.46, p<0.01). Inhibition of autophagy prevented all the TNF-α-induced phenotypic changes. TNF-α induces phenotype switching in A7r5 cell line by a mechanism that required autophagy. Therefore, autophagy may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina García-Miguel
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E. Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Nuñez-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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19
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Garrido V, Mendoza-Torres E, Riquelme JA, Díaz A, Pizarro M, Bustamante M, Chavez MN, Ocaranza MP, Mellado R, Corbalan R, Allende ML, Lavandero S. Novel Therapies Targeting Cardioprotection and Regeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:2592-2615. [PMID: 28079007 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170112122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The heart is susceptible to pathologies that impact the myocardium directly, such as myocardial infarction and consequent heart failure, as well as conditions with indirect cardiac effects, such as cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity. As the contractile cells of the heart, cardiomyocytes are essential for normal cardiac function. Various stress stimuli may result in transient damage or cell death in cardiomyocytes through apoptosis, necrosis or maladaptive autophagy. Moreover, cardiomyocytes are unable to regenerate; thus, lost cells are replaced with fibrotic tissue, with a potentially severe impact on myocardial function. Several therapeutic agents and strategies to reduce cardiomyocyte damage are currently available. This manuscript reviews the state of the art regarding novel cardioprotective endogenous peptides, such as neuregulin-1, angiotensin-(1-9), growth/differentiation factor-11, growth/differentiation factor- 15 and insulin-like growth factor-1. We discuss their protective effects and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases and the current challenges to harnessing their full cardioprotective power. We also explore targeting of exosomes as a cardioprotective approach along with the therapeutic potential of cardiac regeneration strategies. Further advances associated with these molecules and cardioprotective approaches may provide more effective therapies to attenuate or prevent cardiomyocyte death, thereby preserving the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Garrido
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | | | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Ariel Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Marcela Pizarro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Mario Bustamante
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Myra N Chavez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Rosemarie Mellado
- Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Ramon Corbalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome Regulation, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago. Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago 8380492. Chile
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20
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Sánchez G, Araneda F, Peña JP, Finkelstein JP, Riquelme JA, Montecinos L, Barrientos G, Llanos P, Pedrozo Z, Said M, Bull R, Donoso P. High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Produces Spontaneous Ventricular Arrhythmias and Increases the Activity of Ryanodine Receptors in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020533. [PMID: 29439404 PMCID: PMC5855755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias are a common cause of sudden cardiac death, and their occurrence is higher in obese subjects. Abnormal gating of ryanodine receptors (RyR2), the calcium release channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, can produce ventricular arrhythmias. Since obesity promotes oxidative stress and RyR2 are redox-sensitive channels, we investigated whether the RyR2 activity was altered in obese mice. Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) became obese after eight weeks and exhibited a significant increase in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. Single RyR2 channels isolated from the hearts of obese mice were more active in planar bilayers than those isolated from the hearts of the control mice. At the molecular level, RyR2 channels from HFD-fed mice had substantially fewer free thiol residues, suggesting that redox modifications were responsible for the higher activity. Apocynin, provided in the drinking water, completely prevented the appearance of ventricular arrhythmias in HFD-fed mice, and normalized the activity and content of the free thiol residues of the protein. HFD increased the expression of NOX4, an isoform of NADPH oxidase, in the heart. Our results suggest that HFD increases the activity of RyR2 channels via a redox-dependent mechanism, favoring the appearance of ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Sánchez
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe Araneda
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Pedro Peña
- Escuela de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Viña del Mar, 2572007 Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - José Pablo Finkelstein
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis Montecinos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Paola Llanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Matilde Said
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Ricardo Bull
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Paulina Donoso
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Rossello X, Riquelme JA, Davidson SM, Yellon DM. Role of PI3K in myocardial ischaemic preconditioning: mapping pro-survival cascades at the trigger phase and at reperfusion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:926-935. [PMID: 29159980 PMCID: PMC5783840 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway is considered the main pro-survival kinase cascade mediating the ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) cardioprotective effect. To assess the role of PI3K-Akt, its negative regulator PTEN and other pro-survival proteins such as ERK and STAT3 in the context of IPC, C57BL/6 mouse hearts were retrogradely perfused in a Langendorff system and subjected to 4 cycles of 5 min. ischaemia and 5 min. reperfusion prior to 35 min. of global ischaemia and 120 min. of reperfusion. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, was administered either at the stabilization period or during reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed using triphenyl tetrazolium staining, and phosphorylation levels of Akt, PTEN, ERK, GSK3β and STAT3 were evaluated using Western blot analyses. IPC reduced infarct size in hearts subjected to lethal ischaemia and reperfusion, but this effect was lost in the presence of Wortmannin, whether it was present only during preconditioning or only during early reperfusion. IPC increased the levels of Akt phosphorylation during both phases and this effect was fully abrogated by PI3K, whilst its downstream GSK3β was phosphorylated only during the trigger phase after IPC. Both PTEN and STAT3 were phosphorylated during both phases after IPC, but this was PI3K independent. IPC increases ERK phosphorylation during both phases, being only PI3K-dependent during the IPC phase. In conclusion, PI3K-Akt plays a major role in IPC-induced cardioprotection. However, PTEN, ERK and STAT3 are also phosphorylated by IPC through a PI3K-independent pathway, suggesting that cardioprotection is mediated through more than one cell signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rossello
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS)Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) limits myocardial infarct size through the activation of the PI3K-Akt signal cascade; however, little is known about the roles of individual PI3K isoforms in cardioprotection. We aimed, therefore, to elucidate the role of the PI3Kα isoform in cardioprotection Pharmacological PI3Kα inhibition was assessed in isolated-perfused mouse hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), either during the IPC procedure or at reperfusion. PI3Kα inhibition abrogated the IPC-induced protective effect at reperfusion, but not when given only during the IPC protocol. These results were confirmed in an in vivo model. Moreover, pharmacological PI3Kα activation by insulin at reperfusion was sufficient to confer cardioprotection against IRI. In addition, PI3Kα was shown to be expressed and activated in mouse cardiomyocytes, mouse cardiac endothelial cells, as well as in mouse and human heart tissue. Furthermore, PI3Kα was shown to mediate its effect though the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In conclusion, PI3Kα activity is required during the early reperfusion phase to reduce myocardial infarct size. This suggests that strategies specifically enhancing the α isoform of PI3K at reperfusion promote tissue salvage and as such, and could provide a direct target for clinical treatment of IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rossello
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zhenhe He
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Stasa Taferner
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | | | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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Davidson SM, Riquelme JA, Takov K, Vicencio JM, Boi-Doku C, Khoo V, Doreth C, Radenkovic D, Lavandero S, Yellon DM. Cardioprotection mediated by exosomes is impaired in the setting of type II diabetes but can be rescued by the use of non-diabetic exosomes in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:141-151. [PMID: 28840975 PMCID: PMC5742744 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with ischaemic heart disease also have diabetes. As myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients, treatments that increase cell survival in response to ischaemia and reperfusion are needed. Exosomes—nano‐sized, lipid vesicles released from cells—can protect the hearts of non‐diabetic rats. We previously showed that exosomal HSP70 activates a cardioprotective signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes culminating in ERK1/2 and HSP27 phosphorylation. Here, we investigated whether the exosomal cardioprotective pathway remains intact in the setting of type II diabetes. Exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation from non‐diabetic and type II diabetic patients, from non‐diabetic and Goto Kakizaki type II diabetic rats, and from normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic endothelial cells. Exosome size and number were not significantly altered by diabetes. CD81 and HSP70 exosome markers were increased in diabetic rat exosomes. However, exosomes from diabetic rats no longer activated the ERK1/2 and HSP27 cardioprotective pathway and were no longer protective in a primary rat cardiomyocytes model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury. Hyperglycaemic culture conditions were sufficient to impair protection by endothelial exosomes. Importantly, however, exosomes from non‐diabetic rats retained the ability to protect cardiomyocytes from diabetic rats. Exosomes from diabetic plasma have lost the ability to protect cardiomyocytes, but protection can be restored with exosomes from non‐diabetic plasma. These results support the concept that exosomes may be used to protect cardiomyocytes against ischaemia and reperfusion injury, even in the setting of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Claire Boi-Doku
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Khoo
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Doreth
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dina Radenkovic
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Rossello X, He D, Riquelme JA, Davidson S, Yellon DM. 193 The role of the pi3k-alpha isoform in cardioprotection. Heart 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311726.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Sanchez G, Berrios D, Olmedo I, Pezoa J, Riquelme JA, Montecinos L, Pedrozo Z, Donoso P. Activation of Chymotrypsin-Like Activity of the Proteasome during Ischemia Induces Myocardial Dysfunction and Death. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161068. [PMID: 27529620 PMCID: PMC4986934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system improve hemodynamic parameters and decrease the infarct size after ischemia reperfusion. The molecular basis of this protection is not fully understood since most available data report inhibition of the 26 proteasome after ischemia reperfusion. The decrease in cellular ATP levels during ischemia leads to the dissociation of the 26S proteasome into the 19S regulatory complex and the 20S catalytic core, which results in protein degradation independently of ubiquitination. There is scarce information on the activity of the 20S proteasome during cardiac ischemia. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to determine the effects of 30 minutes of ischemia, or 30 min of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion on the three main peptidase activities of the 20S proteasome in Langendorff perfused rat hearts. We found that 30 min of ischemia produced a significant increase in the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, without changes in its caspase-like or trypsin-like activities. In contrast, all three activities were decreased upon reperfusion. Ixazomib, perfused before ischemia at a concentration that reduced the chymotrypsin-like activity to 50% of the control values, without affecting the other proteasomal activities, improved the hemodynamic parameters upon reperfusion and decreased the infarct size. Ixazomib also prevented the 50% reduction in RyR2 content observed after ischemia. The protection was lost, however, when simultaneous inhibition of chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like activities of the proteasome was achieved at higher concentration of ixazomib. Our results suggest that selective inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome during ischemia preserves key proteins for cardiomyocyte function and exerts a positive impact on cardiac performance after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Sanchez
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Berrios
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Pezoa
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Montecinos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Donoso
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Riquelme JA, Chavez MN, Mondaca-Ruff D, Bustamante M, Vicencio JM, Quest AFG, Lavandero S. Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in myocardial infarction and heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:1007-19. [PMID: 27308848 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2016.1202760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death. When MI is not lethal, heart failure (HF) is a major consequence with high prevalence and poor prognosis. The targeting of autophagy represents a potentially therapeutic approach for the treatment of both pathologies. AREAS COVERED PubMed searches were performed to discuss the current state of the art regarding the role of autophagy in MI and HF. We review available and potential approaches to modulate autophagy from a pharmacological and genetic perspective. We also discuss the targeting of autophagy in myocardial regeneration. Expert commentary: The targeting of autophagy has potential for the treatment of MI and HF. Autophagy is a process that takes place in virtually all cells of the body and thus, in order to evaluate this therapeutic approach in clinical trials, strategies that specifically target this process in the myocardium is required to avoid unwanted effects in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Riquelme
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Myra N Chavez
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,b FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Mario Bustamante
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Division Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina , Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jose Miguel Vicencio
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,d Cancer Institute , University College London , London , UK
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- a Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,e Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
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Westermeier F, Riquelme JA, Pavez M, Garrido V, Díaz A, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, García L, Lavandero S. New Molecular Insights of Insulin in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 27148064 PMCID: PMC4828458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Cardiovascular disorders generated as a consequence of T2DM are a major cause of death related to this disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the morphological, functional and metabolic changes in the heart produced as a complication of T2DM. This cardiac disorder is characterized by constant high blood glucose and lipids levels which eventually generate oxidative stress, defective calcium handling, altered mitochondrial function, inflammation and fibrosis. In this context, insulin is of paramount importance for cardiac contractility, growth and metabolism and therefore, an impaired insulin signaling plays a critical role in the DCM development. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to DCM are still a matter of study. Despite the numerous questions raised in the study of DCM, there have also been important findings, such as the role of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which can not only have the potential of being important biomarkers, but also therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomes also arise as an interesting variable to consider, since they represent an important inter-cellular communication mechanism and therefore, they may explain many aspects of the pathophysiology of DCM and their study may lead to the development of therapeutic agents capable of improving insulin signaling. In addition, adenosine and adenosine receptors (ARs) may also play an important role in DCM. Moreover, the possible cross-talk between insulin and ARs may provide new strategies to reverse its defective signaling in the diabetic heart. This review focuses on DCM, the role of insulin in this pathology and the discussion of new molecular insights which may help to understand its underlying mechanisms and generate possible new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Westermeier
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavez
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Garrido
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Díaz
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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Vicencio JM, Yellon DM, Sivaraman V, Das D, Boi-Doku C, Arjun S, Zheng Y, Riquelme JA, Kearney J, Sharma V, Multhoff G, Hall AR, Davidson SM. Plasma exosomes protect the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:1525-36. [PMID: 25881934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles released from cells into the blood, where they can transmit signals throughout the body. Shown to act on the heart, exosomes' composition and the signaling pathways they activate have not been explored. We hypothesized that endogenous plasma exosomes can communicate signals to the heart and provide protection against ischemia and reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVES This study sought to isolate and characterize exosomes from rats and healthy volunteers, evaluate their cardioprotective actions, and identify the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS The exosome-rich fraction was isolated from the blood of adult rats and human volunteers and was analyzed by protein marker expression, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. This was then used in ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro settings of ischemia-reperfusion, with the protective signaling pathways activated on cardiomyocytes identified using Western blot analyses and chemical inhibitors. RESULTS Exosomes exhibited the expected size and expressed marker proteins CD63, CD81, and heat shock protein (HSP) 70. The exosome-rich fraction was powerfully cardioprotective in all tested models of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. We identified a pro-survival signaling pathway activated in cardiomyocytes involving toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and various kinases, leading to activation of the cardioprotective HSP27. Cardioprotection was prevented by a neutralizing antibody against a conserved HSP70 epitope expressed on the exosome surface and by blocking TLR4 in cardiomyocytes, identifying the HSP70/TLR4 communication axis as a critical component in exosome-mediated cardioprotection. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes deliver endogenous protective signals to the myocardium by a pathway involving TLR4 and classic cardioprotective HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Vicencio
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Vivek Sivaraman
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debashish Das
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Boi-Doku
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sapna Arjun
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zheng
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Kearney
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vikram Sharma
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Andrew R Hall
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Troncoso R, Díaz-Elizondo J, Espinoza SP, Navarro-Marquez MF, Oyarzún AP, Riquelme JA, Garcia-Carvajal I, Díaz-Araya G, García L, Hill JA, Lavandero S. Regulation of cardiac autophagy by insulin-like growth factor 1. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:593-601. [PMID: 23671040 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling is a key pathway in the control of cell growth and survival. Three critical nodes in the IGF-1 signaling pathway have been described in cardiomyocytes: protein kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (InsP3 )/Ca(2+) . The Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/ERK signaling arms govern survival in the settings of cardiac stress and hypertrophic growth. By contrast, PLC/InsP3 /Ca(2+) functions to regulate metabolic adaptability and gene transcription. Autophagy is a catabolic process involved in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and nonselective breakdown of cytoplasmic components during nutrient starvation or stress. In the heart, autophagy is observed in a variety of human pathologies, where it can be either adaptive or maladaptive, depending on the context. We proposed the hypothesis that IGF-1 protects the heart by rescuing the mitochondrial metabolism and the energetics state, reducing cell death and controls the potentially exacerbate autophagic response to nutritional stress. In light of the importance of IGF-1 and autophagy in the heart, we review here IGF-1 signaling and autophagy regulation in the context of cardiomyocyte nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Troncoso
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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