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Musso G, Tasan M, Mosimann C, Beaver JE, Plovie E, Carr LA, Chua HN, Dunham J, Zuberi K, Rodriguez H, Morris Q, Zon L, Roth FP, MacRae CA. Novel cardiovascular gene functions revealed via systematic phenotype prediction in zebrafish. Development 2014; 141:224-35. [PMID: 24346703 DOI: 10.1242/dev.099796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive functional annotation of vertebrate genomes is fundamental to biological discovery. Reverse genetic screening has been highly useful for determination of gene function, but is untenable as a systematic approach in vertebrate model organisms given the number of surveyable genes and observable phenotypes. Unbiased prediction of gene-phenotype relationships offers a strategy to direct finite experimental resources towards likely phenotypes, thus maximizing de novo discovery of gene functions. Here we prioritized genes for phenotypic assay in zebrafish through machine learning, predicting the effect of loss of function of each of 15,106 zebrafish genes on 338 distinct embryonic anatomical processes. Focusing on cardiovascular phenotypes, the learning procedure predicted known knockdown and mutant phenotypes with high precision. In proof-of-concept studies we validated 16 high-confidence cardiac predictions using targeted morpholino knockdown and initial blinded phenotyping in embryonic zebrafish, confirming a significant enrichment for cardiac phenotypes as compared with morpholino controls. Subsequent detailed analyses of cardiac function confirmed these results, identifying novel physiological defects for 11 tested genes. Among these we identified tmem88a, a recently described attenuator of Wnt signaling, as a discrete regulator of the patterning of intercellular coupling in the zebrafish cardiac epithelium. Thus, we show that systematic prioritization in zebrafish can accelerate the pace of developmental gene function discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Musso
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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202
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Tarone G, Brancaccio M. Keep your heart in shape: molecular chaperone networks for treating heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:346-61. [PMID: 24585203 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in the treatment of cardiac diseases, there is still a great need for drugs capable of counteracting the deterioration of cardiac muscle function in congestive heart failure. The role of misfolded protein accumulation as a causal event in the physiopathology of common cardiac diseases is an important emerging concept. Indeed, diverse stress conditions, including mechanical stretching and oxidative stress, can induce misfolded protein accumulation, causing cardiomyocyte death. Cells react to these stress conditions by activating molecular chaperones, a class of proteins that represents an endogenous salvage machinery, essential for rescuing physiological cell functions and sustaining cell survival. Chaperones, also known as heat shock proteins (Hsps), prevent accumulation of damaged proteins by promoting either their refolding or degradation via the proteasome or the autophagosome systems. In addition, molecular chaperones play a key role in intracellular signalling by controlling conformational changes required for activation/deactivation of signalling proteins, and their assembly in specific signalosome complexes. The key role of molecular chaperones in heart function is highlighted by the fact that a number of genetic mutations in chaperone proteins result in different forms of cardiomyopathies. Moreover, a considerable amount of experimental evidence indicates that increasing expression of chaperone proteins leads to an important cardio-protective role in ischaemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and arrhythmia, implicating these molecules as potential innovative therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
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203
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Knockdown of BAG3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancer cells through ZEB1 activation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1092. [PMID: 24577090 PMCID: PMC3944249 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The process by which epithelial features are lost in favor of a mesenchymal phenotype is referred to as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Most carcinomas use this mechanism to evade into neighboring tissues. Reduction or a loss of E-cadherin expression is a well-established hallmark of EMT. As a potent suppressor of E-cadherin, transcription factor ZEB1 is one of the key inducers of EMT, whose expression promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of carcinomas. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) affects multifaceted cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion and invasion, viral infection, and autophagy. Recently, we have reported a novel role of BAG3 implicated in EMT, while the mechanisms are poorly elucidated. The current study demonstrated that knockdown of BAG3 induced EMT, and increased cell migratory and invasiveness in thyroid cancer cells via transcriptional activation of ZEB1. We also found that BAG3 knockdown led to nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, which was responsible for the transcriptional activation of ZEB1. These results indicate BAG3 as a regulator of ZEB1 expression in EMT and as a regulator of metastasis in thyroid cancer cells, providing potential targets to prevent and/or treat thyroid cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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204
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Lin J, Deng Z, Tanikawa C, Shuin T, Miki T, Matsuda K, Nakamura Y. Downregulation of the tumor suppressor HSPB7, involved in the p53 pathway, in renal cell carcinoma by hypermethylation. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1490-8. [PMID: 24585183 PMCID: PMC4027944 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify genes involved in renal carcinogenesis, we analyzed the expression profile of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) using microarrays consisting of 27,648 cDNA or ESTs, and found a small heat shock protein, HSPB7, to be significantly and commonly downregulated in RCC. Subsequent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses confirmed the downregulation of HSPB7 in RCC tissues and cancer cell lines in both transcriptional and protein levels. Bisulfite sequencing of a genomic region of HSPB7 detected DNA hypermethylation of some segments of HSPB7 in RCC cells and concordantly 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) treatment of cancer cells restored HSPB7 expression significantly. Ectopic introduction of HSPB7 in five RCC cell lines remarkably suppressed cancer cell growth. Interestingly, we found that HSPB7 expression could be induced by p53 in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that this gene functions in the p53 pathway. Our results imply that HSBP7 is likely to be a tumor suppressor gene regulated by p53 and its downregulation by hypermethylation may play a critical role in renal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Zhenzhong Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Taro Shuin
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tsuneharu Miki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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205
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Dubińska-Magiera M, Jabłońska J, Saczko J, Kulbacka J, Jagla T, Daczewska M. Contribution of small heat shock proteins to muscle development and function. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:517-30. [PMID: 24440355 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigations undertaken over the past years have led scientists to introduce the concept of protein quality control (PQC) systems, which are responsible for polypeptide processing. The PQC system monitors proteostasis and involves activity of different chaperones such as small heat shock proteins (sHSPs). These proteins act during normal conditions as housekeeping proteins regulating cellular processes, and during stress conditions. They also mediate the removal of toxic misfolded polypeptides and thereby prevent development of pathogenic states. It is postulated that sHSPs are involved in muscle development. They could act via modulation of myogenesis or by maintenance of the structural integrity of signaling complexes. Moreover, mutations in genes coding for sHSPs lead to pathological states affecting muscular tissue functioning. This review focuses on the question how sHSPs, still relatively poorly understood proteins, contribute to the development and function of three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac and smooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dubińska-Magiera
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Jabłońska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Jagla
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U384, Faculté de Medecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Małgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland.
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206
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Refaat MM, Aouizerat BE, Pullinger CR, Malloy M, Kane J, Tseng ZH. Association of CASQ2 polymorphisms with sudden cardiac arrest and heart failure in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Rhythm 2014; 11:646-52. [PMID: 24444446 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal calcium handling plays a crucial role in arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), and congestive heart failure (CHF). Calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) mutations affect calcium release and initiate malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and SCA syndromes. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CASQ2 may be associated with SCA in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the association of common CASQ2 SNPs with the risk of SCA in patients with CAD. METHODS CASQ2 SNPs (n = 14) were genotyped and analyzed in a case control study comparing 114 patients with CAD and SCA due to VA to 311 CAD controls without VA or SCA. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age and CHF status identified an association between rs7521023 with SCA (odds ratio [OR] 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-5.13, P = .002). The substantial impact of CHF on SCA in the model (OR 26.6, 95% CI 13.40-52.70, P <.001) led us to further examine the relationship between CHF, SCA, and CASQ2 SNPs. We identified 2 CASQ2 variants (rs7521023: OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.25-0.76, P = .003; rs6684209: OR 19.8, 95% CI 3.63-108.2, P <.001) associated with CHF after adjusting for SCA, age, gender, and hypertension. CONCLUSION We observed association between a CASQ2 polymorphism and SCA due to VA in patients with CAD adjusting for CHF and independent associations between CASQ2 SNPs and CHF adjusting for SCA. Further investigation in independent cohorts is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan M Refaat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine/Cardiac Electrophysiology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Clive R Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary Malloy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kane
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Zian H Tseng
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine.
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207
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Limongelli G, D’Alessandro R, Maddaloni V, Rea A, Sarkozy A, McKenna WJ. Skeletal muscle involvement in cardiomyopathies. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2013; 14:837-61. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e3283641c69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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208
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Parry HM, Doney AS, Palmer CN, Lang CC. State of Play of Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in Heart Failure. Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 31:315-22. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Parry
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - Alex S.F. Doney
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - Colin N.A. Palmer
- Department of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - Chim C. Lang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
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209
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Tardin OMA, Pereira SB, Velloso MWM, Balieiro HM, Costa B, Alves TOE, Giro C, Pessoa LP, Ribeiro GS, Mesquita ET. Genetic polymorphism G894T and the prognosis of heart failure outpatients. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013; 101:352-8. [PMID: 23949326 PMCID: PMC4062372 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have analyzed the role of the genetic polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase on heart failure prognosis. However, there are no studies relating the G894T and heart failure in Brazil. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between G894T GP and the prognosis of a sample of Brazilian outpatients with heart failure. METHODS Cohort study included 145 patients with systolic heart failure, followed for up to 40 months (mean = 22), at two university hospitals, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. We evaluated the relationship between G894T and the following outcomes: reverse remodeling, improvement in functional class (NYHA), and mortality and hospitalization rates. The diameters of the left atrium and ventricle, as well as the ejection fraction of the left ventricle, were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months to assess reverse remodeling. The improvement in functional class was evaluated after 6 months, and mortality rate and hospitalization were evaluated during follow-up. Race was self-declared. G894T polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The genotypic frequencies were GG (40%), GT (48.3%) and TT (11.7%). The allele frequency was guanine (64.1%) and thiamine (35.8%). There were no differences between the genotype or allelic frequencies according to self-declared race, either as baseline characteristics. There was no relationship between genotype or allele frequency and the outcome measures. CONCLUSION No association was observed between the G894T polymorphism (Glu298Asp) and prognosis in this sample of Brazilian outpatients with systolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Costa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | | | - Camila Giro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
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210
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Radtke S, Horn PA. Pluripotent and somatic stem cells: from basic science to utilization in disease modeling and therapeutic application. Meeting report on the 7th International Meeting of the Stem Cell Network North Rhine Westphalia. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:394-6. [PMID: 24020695 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2013.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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211
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Hirtle-Lewis M, Desbiens K, Ruel I, Rudzicz N, Genest J, Engert JC, Giannetti N. The genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy: a prioritized candidate gene study of LMNA, TNNT2, TCAP, and PLN. Clin Cardiol 2013; 36:628-33. [PMID: 24037902 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is characterized by left ventricular enlargement and systolic dysfunction, is divided into cases with a clear predisposing condition (eg, hypothyroidism, chemotherapeutic agents, alcoholism, ischemia) and those of unknown cause (idiopathic DCM). Many cases (20%-35%) of DCM are familial, implicating a genetic contribution to the etiology. More than 30 genes have been identified, many involving "private" mutations not shared among families. Evidence suggests that nonfamilial cases also have a genetic predisposition, again involving many genes. The goal of this study was to identify mutations in genes associated with DCM in a Québec study sample including familial and nonfamilial DCM cases. HYPOTHESIS A prioritized gene study conducted within a framework for the classification of identified genetic variants could yield etiological information even in the absence of family data. METHODS We sequenced 4 previously identified genes: lamin A/C (LMNA), cardiac troponin T type 2 (TNNT2), titin-cap (TCAP), and phospholamban (PLN). RESULTS We discovered a nonsense mutation in the LMNA gene and a frameshift mutation in the TNNT2 gene, as well as other clinically significant variants that were not observed in publicly available databases or in Québec-based controls. PLN was sequenced to investigate a previously published promoter variant. However, our data confirm that this variant does not have a causal role in DCM. CONCLUSIONS Despite high locus and allele heterogeneity, we demonstrate that a prioritized gene study, combined with next-generation exome-sequencing data, can be fruitful for the identification of DCM mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Hirtle-Lewis
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Islam A, Deuster PA, Devaney JM, Ghimbovschi S, Chen Y. An exploration of heat tolerance in mice utilizing mRNA and microRNA expression analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72258. [PMID: 23967293 PMCID: PMC3744453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who rapidly develop hyperthermia during heat exposure (heat-intolerant) are vulnerable to heat associated illness and injury. We recently reported that heat intolerant mice exhibit complex alterations in stress proteins in response to heat exposure. In the present study, we further explored the role of genes and molecular networks associated with heat tolerance in mice. METHODOLOGY Heat-induced physiological and biochemical changes were assessed to determine heat tolerance levels in mice. We performed RNA and microRNA expression profiling on mouse gastrocnemius muscle tissue samples to determine novel biological pathways associated with heat tolerance. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice (n = 18) were assigned to heat-tolerant (TOL) and heat-intolerant (INT) groups based on peak core temperatures during heat exposures. This was followed by biochemical assessments (Hsp40, Hsp72, Hsp90 and Hsf1 protein levels). Microarray analysis identified a total of 3,081 mRNA transcripts that were significantly misregulated in INT compared to TOL mice (p<0.05). Among them, Hspa1a, Dnajb1 and Hspb7 were differentially expressed by more than two-fold under these conditions. Furthermore, we identified 61 distinct microRNA (miRNA) sequences significantly associated with TOL compared to INT mice; eight miRNAs corresponded to target sites in seven genes identified as being associated with heat tolerance pathways (Hspa1a, Dnajb1, Dnajb4, Dnajb6, Hspa2, Hspb3 and Hspb7). CONCLUSIONS The combination of mRNA and miRNA data from the skeletal muscle of adult mice following heat stress provides new insights into the pathophysiology of thermoregulatory disturbances of heat intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminul Islam
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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213
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Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Rare variants in >30 genes, some also involved in other cardiomyopathies, muscular dystrophy, or syndromic disease, perturb a diverse set of important myocardial proteins to produce a final DCM phenotype. Large, publicly available datasets have provided the opportunity to evaluate previously identified DCM-causing mutations, and to examine the population frequency of sequence variants similar to those that have been observed to cause DCM. The frequency of these variants, whether associated with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is greater than estimates of disease prevalence. This mismatch might be explained by one or more of the following possibilities: that the penetrance of DCM-causing mutations is lower than previously thought, that some variants are noncausal, that DCM prevalence is higher than previously estimated, or that other more-complex genomics underlie DCM. Reassessment of our assumptions about the complexity of the genomic and phenomic architecture of DCM is warranted. Much about the genomic basis of DCM remains to be investigated, which will require comprehensive genomic studies in much larger cohorts of rigorously phenotyped probands and family members than previously examined.
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214
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Meder B, Rühle F, Weis T, Homuth G, Keller A, Franke J, Peil B, Lorenzo Bermejo J, Frese K, Huge A, Witten A, Vogel B, Haas J, Völker U, Ernst F, Teumer A, Ehlermann P, Zugck C, Friedrichs F, Kroemer H, Dörr M, Hoffmann W, Maisch B, Pankuweit S, Ruppert V, Scheffold T, Kühl U, Schultheiss HP, Kreutz R, Ertl G, Angermann C, Charron P, Villard E, Gary F, Isnard R, Komajda M, Lutz M, Meitinger T, Sinner MF, Wichmann HE, Krawczak M, Ivandic B, Weichenhan D, Gelbrich G, El-Mokhtari NE, Schreiber S, Felix SB, Hasenfuß G, Pfeufer A, Hübner N, Kääb S, Arbustini E, Rottbauer W, Frey N, Stoll M, Katus HA. A genome-wide association study identifies 6p21 as novel risk locus for dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:1069-77. [PMID: 23853074 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the leading causes for cardiac transplantations and accounts for up to one-third of all heart failure cases. Since extrinsic and monogenic causes explain only a fraction of all cases, common genetic variants are suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of DCM, its age of onset, and clinical progression. By a large-scale case-control genome-wide association study we aimed here to identify novel genetic risk loci for DCM. METHODS AND RESULTS Applying a three-staged study design, we analysed more than 4100 DCM cases and 7600 controls. We identified and successfully replicated multiple single nucleotide polymorphism on chromosome 6p21. In the combined analysis, the most significant association signal was obtained for rs9262636 (P = 4.90 × 10(-9)) located in HCG22, which could again be replicated in an independent cohort. Taking advantage of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) as molecular phenotypes, we identified rs9262636 as an eQTL for several closely located genes encoding class I and class II major histocompatibility complex heavy chain receptors. CONCLUSION The present study reveals a novel genetic susceptibility locus that clearly underlines the role of genetically driven, inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of idiopathic DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rosenfeld GE, Mercer EJ, Mason CE, Evans T. Small heat shock proteins Hspb7 and Hspb12 regulate early steps of cardiac morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2013; 381:389-400. [PMID: 23850773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac morphogenesis is a complex multi-stage process, and the molecular basis for controlling distinct steps remains poorly understood. Because gata4 encodes a key transcriptional regulator of morphogenesis, we profiled transcript changes in cardiomyocytes when Gata4 protein is depleted from developing zebrafish embryos. We discovered that gata4 regulates expression of two small heat shock genes, hspb7 and hspb12, both of which are expressed in the embryonic heart. We show that depletion of Hspb7 or Hspb12 disrupts normal cardiac morphogenesis, at least in part due to defects in ventricular size and shape. We confirmed that gata4 interacts genetically with the hspb7/12 pathway, but surprisingly, we found that hspb7 also has an earlier, gata4-independent function. Depletion perturbs Kupffer's vesicle (KV) morphology leading to a failure in establishing the left-right axis of asymmetry. Targeted depletion of Hspb7 in the yolk syncytial layer is sufficient to disrupt KV morphology and also causes an even earlier block to heart tube formation and a bifid phenotype. Recently, several genome-wide association studies found that HSPB7 SNPs are highly associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathies and heart failure. Therefore, GATA4 and HSPB7 may act alone or together to regulate morphogenesis with relevance to congenital and acquired human heart disease.
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216
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Tavira B, Gómez J, Ortega F, Tranche S, Díaz-Corte C, Alvarez F, Ortiz A, Santos F, Sánchez-Niño MD, Coto E. A CLCNKA polymorphism (rs10927887; p.Arg83Gly) previously linked to heart failure is associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the RENASTUR cohort. Gene 2013; 527:670-2. [PMID: 23850580 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 569 individuals aged 55-85 and Caucasian were genotyped for SNP rs10927887 in the Ka renal chloride channel gene (CLCNKA). The following variables were significantly associated with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of (eGFR) <60 ml/min./1.73 m(2): age, type 2 diabetes, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and the CLCNKA GG genotype (p=0.03; OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.04-2.62). This novel finding could partly explain the reported greater risk of heart failure linked to the CLCNKA SNP, but requires confirmation on other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Tavira
- Genética Molecular-Laboratorio Medicina, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
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217
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Citro R, d'Avenia M, De Marco M, Giudice R, Mirra M, Ravera A, Silverio A, Farina R, Silvestri F, Gravina P, Villa F, Puca AA, De Windt L, De Laurenzi V, Bossone E, Turco MC, Piscione F. Polymorphisms of the antiapoptotic protein bag3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:1663-5. [PMID: 23582692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Citro
- "Cuore" Department, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy.
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218
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Li X, Luo R, Mo X, Jiang R, Kong H, Hua W, Wu X. Polymorphism of ZBTB17 gene is associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a case control study in a Han Chinese population. Eur J Med Res 2013; 18:10. [PMID: 23570452 PMCID: PMC3626695 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-18-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been extensively investigated for many years, but its pathogenesis remains uncertain. The ACTC1 gene was the first sarcomeric gene whose mutation was shown to cause DCM; recent studies have indicated that the HSPB7 and ZBTB17 genes are also associated with DCM. To assess the potential role of these three genes in DCM, we examined 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ZBTB17, HSPB7 and ACTC1 genes: namely, rs10927875 in ZBTB17; rs1739843, rs7523558, and rs6660685 in HSPB7; rs533021, rs589759, rs1370154, rs2070664, rs3759834, rs525720 and rs670957 in ACTC1. METHODS A total of 97 DCM patients and 189 controls were included in the study. All SNPs were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). RESULTS The genotype of SNP rs10927875 in ZBTB17 (OR=5.19, 95% CI =1.00 to 27.03, P=0.05) was associated with DCM in a Han Chinese population. There was no difference in genotype or allele frequencies in ACTC1 or HSPB7 between DCM patients and control subjects. CONCLUSION The ZBTB17 polymorphism rs10927875 appears to play a role in the susceptibility of the Han Chinese population to DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
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TNNT2 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in the Han Chinese population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:201372. [PMID: 23586019 PMCID: PMC3613050 DOI: 10.1155/2013/201372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and systolic dysfunction. The pathogenesis of DCM remains uncertain, and the TNNT2 gene is potentially associated with DCM. To assess the role of TNNT2 in DCM, we examined 10 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the patients. Methods. A total of 97 DCM patients and 189 control subjects were included in the study, and all SNPs were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results. In the TNNT2 gene, there was a significant association between DCM and genotype for the tagging SNPs rs3729547 (χ2 = 6.63, P = 0.036, OR = 0.650, and 95% CI = 0.453–0.934) and rs3729843 (χ2 = 9.787, P = 0.008, OR = 1.912, and 95% CI = 1.265–2.890) in the Chinese Han population. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that the SNPs rs7521796, rs2275862, rs3729547, rs10800775, and rs1892028, which are approximately 6 kb apart, were in high LD (D′ > 0.80) in the DCM patients. Conclusion. These results suggest that the TNNT2 polymorphisms might play an important role in susceptibility to DCM in the Chinese Han population.
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221
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Kloos W, Katus HA, Meder B. Genetic cardiomyopathies. Lessons learned from humans, mice, and zebrafish. Herz 2013; 37:612-7. [PMID: 22767018 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-012-3651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a multifactorial disease of the heart muscle and a leading cause of congestive heart failure. Human genetic studies and the establishment of suitable animal models such as mice and zebrafish have already revealed parts of its genetic etiology. With the next generation of genomic sequencing technologies (NGS) on the rise, the comprehensive genetic dissection of DCM patients will reveal clinically relevant information, novel causes, and modifiers of this complex disorder. The recent exploration of the epigenome as another mechanism of cardiac gene regulation will further elucidate unexplained variations observed in the correlation between the patient's genotype and phenotype. Some of these intriguing advances being made in basic genetic research will soon find their way into clinical practice for more individualized treatment of cardiomyopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kloos
- Abteilung Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pulmologie, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Gemany
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222
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Haas J, Frese KS, Park YJ, Keller A, Vogel B, Lindroth AM, Weichenhan D, Franke J, Fischer S, Bauer A, Marquart S, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Köhler D, Wolf NM, Hassel S, Nietsch R, Wieland T, Ehlermann P, Schultz JH, Dösch A, Mereles D, Hardt S, Backs J, Hoheisel JD, Plass C, Katus HA, Meder B. Alterations in cardiac DNA methylation in human dilated cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:413-29. [PMID: 23341106 PMCID: PMC3598081 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) show remarkable variability in their age of onset, phenotypic presentation, and clinical course. Hence, disease mechanisms must exist that modify the occurrence and progression of DCM, either by genetic or epigenetic factors that may interact with environmental stimuli. In the present study, we examined genome-wide cardiac DNA methylation in patients with idiopathic DCM and controls. We detected methylation differences in pathways related to heart disease, but also in genes with yet unknown function in DCM or heart failure, namely Lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75), Tyrosine kinase-type cell surface receptor HER3 (ERBB3), Homeobox B13 (HOXB13) and Adenosine receptor A2A (ADORA2A). Mass-spectrometric analysis and bisulphite-sequencing enabled confirmation of the observed DNA methylation changes in independent cohorts. Aberrant DNA methylation in DCM patients was associated with significant changes in LY75 and ADORA2A mRNA expression, but not in ERBB3 and HOXB13. In vivo studies of orthologous ly75 and adora2a in zebrafish demonstrate a functional role of these genes in adaptive or maladaptive pathways in heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Middle Aged
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Transfection
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen S Frese
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland UniversityGermany
| | - Britta Vogel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Anders M Lindroth
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Franke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Marquart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elham Kayvanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Doreen Köhler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine M Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heidelberg UniversityMannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Hassel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Rouven Nietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heidelberg UniversityMannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimMannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Ehlermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Jobst-Hendrik Schultz
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dösch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Derliz Mereles
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hardt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
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223
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Haas J, Frese KS, Park YJ, Keller A, Vogel B, Lindroth AM, Weichenhan D, Franke J, Fischer S, Bauer A, Marquart S, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Köhler D, Wolf NM, Hassel S, Nietsch R, Wieland T, Ehlermann P, Schultz JH, Dösch A, Mereles D, Hardt S, Backs J, Hoheisel JD, Plass C, Katus HA, Meder B. Alterations in cardiac DNA methylation in human dilated cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2013. [PMID: 23341106 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.20120155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) show remarkable variability in their age of onset, phenotypic presentation, and clinical course. Hence, disease mechanisms must exist that modify the occurrence and progression of DCM, either by genetic or epigenetic factors that may interact with environmental stimuli. In the present study, we examined genome-wide cardiac DNA methylation in patients with idiopathic DCM and controls. We detected methylation differences in pathways related to heart disease, but also in genes with yet unknown function in DCM or heart failure, namely Lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75), Tyrosine kinase-type cell surface receptor HER3 (ERBB3), Homeobox B13 (HOXB13) and Adenosine receptor A2A (ADORA2A). Mass-spectrometric analysis and bisulphite-sequencing enabled confirmation of the observed DNA methylation changes in independent cohorts. Aberrant DNA methylation in DCM patients was associated with significant changes in LY75 and ADORA2A mRNA expression, but not in ERBB3 and HOXB13. In vivo studies of orthologous ly75 and adora2a in zebrafish demonstrate a functional role of these genes in adaptive or maladaptive pathways in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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224
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Recent Developments in the Genetics of Cardiomyopathies. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-012-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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225
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Abstract
Despite major improvements in the treatment of virtually all cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) is an exception, in that its prevalence is rising, and only small prolongations in survival are occurring. An increasing fraction, especially older women with diabetes, obesity, and atrial fibrillation exhibit HF with preserved systolic function. Several pathogenetic mechanisms appear to be operative in HF. These include increased hemodynamic overload, ischemia-related dysfunction, ventricular remodeling, excessive neurohumoral stimulation, abnormal myocyte calcium cycling, excessive or inadequate proliferation of the extracellular matrix, accelerated apoptosis, and genetic mutations. Biomarkers released as a consequence of myocardial stretch, imbalance between formation and breakdown of extracellular matrix, inflammation, and renal failure are useful in the identification of the pathogenetic mechanism and, when used in combination, may become helpful in estimating prognosis and selecting appropriate therapy. Promising new therapies that are now undergoing intensive investigation include an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, a naturally-occurring vasodilator peptide, a myofilament sensitizer and several drugs that enhance Ca++ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cell therapy, using autologous bone marrow and cardiac progenitor cells, appears to be promising, as does gene therapy. Chronic left ventricular assistance with continuous flow pumps is being applied more frequently and successfully as destination therapy, as a bridge to transplantation, and even as a bridge to recovery and explantation. While many of these therapies will improve the care of patients with HF, significant reductions in prevalence will require vigorous, multifaceted, preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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226
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Lopes LR, Elliott PM. Genetics of heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2451-61. [PMID: 23298545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) occurs when the cardiac output, no longer compensated by endogenous mechanisms, fails to meet the metabolic demands of the body. In most populations, the prevalence of heart failure continues to rise, constituting a major public health burden, especially in developed countries. There is some evidence that the risk of HF in the general population depends on genetic predisposition, necessarily characterised by a very complex architecture. In a small, but probably underestimated proportion, HF is caused by Mendelian inherited forms of myocardial disease. The genetic background of these genetic conditions is a matter of intensive research that is already shedding light onto the genetics of common sporadic forms of HF. In this review, we briefly review the insights provided by candidate gene and genome-wide association approaches in common HF and then describe the main genetic causes of inherited heart muscle disease. Finally we present the current challenges and future research needs for both forms of HF. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart failure pathogenesis and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís R Lopes
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
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227
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McNally EM, Golbus JR, Puckelwartz MJ. Genetic mutations and mechanisms in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:19-26. [PMID: 23281406 DOI: 10.1172/jci62862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations account for a significant percentage of cardiomyopathies, which are a leading cause of congestive heart failure. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiac output is limited by the thickened myocardium through impaired filling and outflow. Mutations in the genes encoding the thick filament components myosin heavy chain and myosin binding protein C (MYH7 and MYBPC3) together explain 75% of inherited HCMs, leading to the observation that HCM is a disease of the sarcomere. Many mutations are "private" or rare variants, often unique to families. In contrast, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is far more genetically heterogeneous, with mutations in genes encoding cytoskeletal, nucleoskeletal, mitochondrial, and calcium-handling proteins. DCM is characterized by enlarged ventricular dimensions and impaired systolic and diastolic function. Private mutations account for most DCMs, with few hotspots or recurring mutations. More than 50 single genes are linked to inherited DCM, including many genes that also link to HCM. Relatively few clinical clues guide the diagnosis of inherited DCM, but emerging evidence supports the use of genetic testing to identify those patients at risk for faster disease progression, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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228
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Wooten EC, Hebl VB, Wolf MJ, Greytak SR, Orr NM, Draper I, Calvino JE, Kapur NK, Maron MS, Kullo IJ, Ommen SR, Bos JM, Ackerman MJ, Huggins GS. Formin homology 2 domain containing 3 variants associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:10-8. [PMID: 23255317 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.112.965277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incomplete penetrance and variable expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is well appreciated. Common genetic polymorphisms variants that may affect HCM penetrance and expression have been predicted but are not well established. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a case-control genomewide association study to identify common HCM-associated genetic polymorphisms and then asked whether such common variants were more represented in HCM or could explain the heterogeneity of HCM phenotypes. We identified an intronic FHOD3 variant (rs516514) associated with HCM (odds ratio, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.76-3.41; P=1.25×10(-7)) and validated this finding in an independent cohort. Next, we tested FHOD3-V1151I (rs2303510), a nonsynonymous variant in partial linkage disequilibrium with rs516514, and we detected an even stronger association with HCM (P=1.76×10(-9)). Although HCM patients were more likely to carry these, FHOD3 allele subjects homozygous for FHOD3-1151I had similar HCM phenotypes as carriers of the V1151 allele. FHOD3 expression is increased in the setting of HCM, and both alleles of FHOD3-V1151I were detected in HCM myectomy tissue. Previously, FHOD3 was found to be required for formation of the sarcomere, and here we demonstrate that its fly homolog fhos is required for normal adult heart systolic contraction. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate the association of a common nonsynonymous FHOD3 genetic variant with HCM. This discovery further strengthens the potential role of gene mutations and polymorphisms that alter the amino acid sequence of sarcomere proteins and HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Wooten
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Center for Translational Genomics, Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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229
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Abstract
The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based, prospective, single-center cohort study that started in 2007 at the University Medical Center Mainz. The project focuses on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, eye diseases, metabolic diseases, diseases of the immune system and mental diseases. The study aims at improving the individual risk prediction for diseases. Therefore, lifestyle, psychosocial factors, environment, laboratory parameters as well as the extent of the subclinical disease are investigated. A comprehensive biobank enables biomolecular examinations including a systems biological approach. During the baseline visit 15,000 individuals aged 35-74 years were invited to a 5 h examination program in the study center. This will be followed by a computer-assisted telephone interview with a standardized interview and assessment of endpoints after 2.5 years. After 5 years a detailed follow-up examination comparable to the visit at study inclusion will be performed in the study center. Further follow-up visits of the cohort are envisaged.
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230
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in the identification of the causation of nonsyndromic genetic cardiomyopathies. RECENT FINDINGS NGS sequencing of the entire genetic coding sequence (the exome) has successfully identified five novel genes and causative variants for cardiomyopathies without previously known cause within the last 12 months. Continual rapidly decreasing costs of NGS will shortly allow cost-effective sequencing of the entire genomes of affected individuals and their relatives to include noncoding and regulatory variant discovery and epigenetic profiling. Despite this rapid technological progress with sequencing, analysis of these large data sets remains challenging, particularly for assigning causality to novel rare variants identified in DNA samples from patients with cardiomyopathy. SUMMARY NGS technologies are rapidly moving to identify novel rare variants in patients with cardiomyopathy, but assigning pathogenicity to these novel variants remains challenging.
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231
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Piran S, Liu P, Morales A, Hershberger RE. Where Genome Meets Phenome: Rationale for Integrating Genetic and Protein Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Management of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60:283-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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232
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Role of BAG3 protein in leukemia cell survival and response to therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:365-9. [PMID: 22710027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of BAG3, a member of the BAG family of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 - cochaperones, to sustain the survival of human primary B-CLL and ALL cells was recognized about nine years ago. Since then, the anti-apoptotic activity of BAG3 has been confirmed in other tumor types, where it has been shown to regulate the intracellular concentration and localization of apoptosis-regulating factors, including NF-κB-activating (IKKγ) and Bcl2-family (Bax) proteins. Furthermore, growing evidences support its role in lymphoid and myeloid leukemia response to therapy. Moreover in the last years, the contribution of BAG3 to autophagy, a process known to be involved in the pathogenesis and response to therapy of leukemia cells, has been disclosed, opening a new avenue for the interpretation of the role of this protein in leukemias' biology.
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233
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Christians ES, Ishiwata T, Benjamin IJ. Small heat shock proteins in redox metabolism: implications for cardiovascular diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1632-45. [PMID: 22710345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A timely review series on small heat shock proteins has to appropriately examine their fundamental properties and implications in the cardiovascular system since several members of this chaperone family exhibit robust expression in the myocardium and blood vessels. Due to energetic and metabolic demands, the cardiovascular system maintains a high mitochondrial activity but irreversible oxidative damage might ensue from increased production of reactive oxygen species. How equilibrium between their production and scavenging is achieved becomes paramount for physiological maintenance. For example, heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) is implicated in maintaining this equilibrium or redox homeostasis by upholding the level of glutathione, a major redox mediator. Studies of gain or loss of function achieved by genetic manipulations have been highly informative for understanding the roles of those proteins. For example, genetic deficiency of several small heat shock proteins such as HSPB5 and HSPB2 is well-tolerated in heart cells whereas a single missense mutation causes human pathology. Such evidence highlights both the profound genetic redundancy observed among the multigene family of small heat shock proteins while underscoring the role proteotoxicity plays in driving disease pathogenesis. We will discuss the available data on small heat shock proteins in the cardiovascular system, redox metabolism and human diseases. From the medical perspective, we envision that such emerging knowledge of the multiple roles small heat shock proteins exert in the cardiovascular system will undoubtedly open new avenues for their identification and possible therapeutic targeting in humans. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Small HSPs in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth S Christians
- Laboratory of Cardiac Disease, Redox Signaling and Cell Regeneration, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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234
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Cappola TP, Dorn GW. Clinical considerations of heritable factors in common heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 4:701-9. [PMID: 22187448 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.110.959379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Cappola
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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235
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Meder B, Katus H. Klinik und Genetik der hypertrophen und dilatativen Kardiomyopathie. Internist (Berl) 2012; 53:408-14, 417-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-011-2988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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236
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Li X, Luo R, Jiang R, Chen R, Hua W. Human leukocyte antigen-DQ beta 1 chain (DQB1) gene polymorphisms are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2012; 41:360-7. [PMID: 22386792 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported an association between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ antigen beta 1 chain (DQB1) alleles and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the results of those studies have been inconsistent. To clarify the association between HLA-DQB1 and DCM, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. METHODS Searches were performed using the PubMed database, the Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database, the Science Citation Index database, the China Biology Medicine disc, the China National Knowledge Information database, the Wanfang database, and the Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal Database (VIP database). The search terms included "dilated cardiomyopathy" and "DQB1." Ten case-controlled studies were included in the systematic review to assess the association between DCM and the HLA-DQB1*0201, *0302, *0504, *0301, and *0602 alleles. RESULTS In total, 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis of the HLA-DQB1 *0201 allele. The pooled odds risk (OR) for this allele was .47, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of .28 to .77 (P < .01). With respect to the HLA-DQB1 *0504 allele, only 3 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled OR was .36 (95% CI, .15 to .84; P < .05). Nine, 8, and 7 studies of the HLA-DQB1 *0301, *0302, and *0602 alleles, respectively, were included in our meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference was evident in the frequency of these 3 alleles between the DCM and normal control groups. CONCLUSION The HLA-DQB1 *0201 and *0504 alleles may be protective against DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Elliott PM, Mohiddin SA. Almanac 2011: Cardiomyopathies. The national society journals present selected research that has driven recent advances in clinical cardiology. Egypt Heart J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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238
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Elliott PM, Mohiddin SA. Almanac 2011: Cardiomyopathies. The national society journals present selected research that has driven recent advances in clinical cardiology. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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239
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Almanac 2011: Cardiomyopathies. The national society journals present selected research that has driven recent advances in clinical cardiology. Rev Port Cardiol 2012; 31:255-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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240
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Norton N, Robertson PD, Rieder MJ, Züchner S, Rampersaud E, Martin E, Li D, Nickerson DA, Hershberger RE. Evaluating pathogenicity of rare variants from dilated cardiomyopathy in the exome era. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:167-74. [PMID: 22337857 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.961805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human exome sequencing is a recently developed tool to aid in the discovery of novel coding variants. Now broadly applied, exome sequencing data sets provide a novel opportunity to evaluate the allele frequencies of previously published pathogenic rare variants. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the exome data set from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Exome Sequencing Project and compared this data set with a catalog of 197 previously published rare variants reported as causative of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) from familial and sporadic cases. Of these 197, 33 (16.8%) were also present in the Exome Sequencing Project database, raising the question of whether they were uncommon polymorphisms. Supporting functional data has been published for 14 of the 33 (42%), suggesting they are unlikely to be false-positives. The frequencies of these functional variants in the Exome Sequencing Project data set ranged from 0.02 to 1.33% (median 0.04%), which when applied as a cutoff to filter variants in a DCM pedigree identified an additional DCM candidate gene. A greater proportion of sporadic DCM cases had variants that were present in the Exome Sequencing Project data set versus novel variants (ie, not in the Exome Sequencing Project; 44% versus 21%; P=0.002), suggesting some of the variants identified as disease causing in sporadic DCM are either false-positives or low penetrance alleles in human populations. CONCLUSIONS Rare nonsynonymous variants identified in DCM subjects also present at very low frequencies in public databases are likely relevant for DCM. Allele frequencies >0.04% are of less certain pathogenicity, especially if identified in sporadic cases, although this cutoff should be viewed as preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Norton
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and the Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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241
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Zeller T, Blankenberg S, Diemert P. Genomewide Association Studies in Cardiovascular Disease—An Update 2011. Clin Chem 2012; 58:92-103. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.170431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Genomewide association studies have led to an enormous boost in the identification of susceptibility genes for cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the most important findings of recent years.
CONTENT
We have carefully reviewed the current literature (PubMed search terms: “genome wide association studies,” “genetic polymorphism,” “genetic risk factors,” “association study” in connection with the respective diseases, “risk score,” “transcriptome”).
SUMMARY
Multiple novel genetic loci for such important cardiovascular diseases as myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, stroke, and hyperlipidemia have been identified. Given that many novel genetic risk factors lie within hitherto-unsuspected genes or influence gene expression, these findings have inspired discoveries of biological function. Despite these successes, however, only a fraction of the heritability for most cardiovascular diseases has been explained thus far. Forthcoming techniques such as whole-genome sequencing will be important to close the gap of missing heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, The University Heart Center at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, The University Heart Center at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Diemert
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, The University Heart Center at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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242
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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243
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Cambien F. Heritability, weak effects, and rare variants in genomewide association studies. Clin Chem 2011; 57:1263-6. [PMID: 21712549 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.155655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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244
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The sarcomeric Z-disc and Z-discopathies. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:569628. [PMID: 22028589 PMCID: PMC3199094 DOI: 10.1155/2011/569628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarcomeric Z-disc defines the lateral borders of the sarcomere and has primarily been seen as a structure important for mechanical stability. This view has changed dramatically within the last one or two decades. A multitude of novel Z-disc proteins and their interacting partners have been identified, which has led to the identification of additional functions and which have now been assigned to this structure. This includes its importance for intracellular signalling, for mechanosensation and mechanotransduction in particular, an emerging importance for protein turnover and autophagy, as well as its molecular links to the t-tubular system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, the discovery of mutations in a wide variety of Z-disc proteins, which lead to perturbations of several of the above-mentioned systems, gives rise to a diverse group of diseases which can be termed Z-discopathies. This paper provides a brief overview of these novel aspects as well as points to future research directions.
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245
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Arimura T, Ishikawa T, Nunoda S, Kawai S, Kimura A. Dilated cardiomyopathy-associated BAG3 mutations impair Z-disc assembly and enhance sensitivity to apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:1481-91. [PMID: 21898660 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by dilation of left ventricular cavity with systolic dysfunction. Clinical symptom of DCM is heart failure, often associated with cardiac sudden death. About 20-35% of DCM patients have apparent family histories and it has been revealed that mutations in genes for sarcomere proteins cause DCM. However, the disease-causing mutations can be found only in about 17% of Japanese patients with familial DCM. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a co-chaperone protein with antiapoptotic function, which localizes at Z-disc in the striated muscles. Recently, BAG3 gene mutations in DCM patients were reported, but the functional abnormalities caused by the mutations are not fully unraveled. In this study, we analyzed 72 Japanese familial DCM patients for mutations in BAG3 and found two mutations, p.Arg218Trp and p.Leu462Pro, in two cases of adult-onset DCM without skeletal myopathy, which were absent from 400 control subjects. Functional studies at the cellular level revealed that the DCM-associated BAG3 mutations impaired the Z-disc assembly and increased the sensitivities to stress-induced apoptosis. These observations suggested that BAG3 mutations present in 2.8% of Japanese familial DCM patients caused DCM possibly by interfering with Z-disc assembly and inducing apoptotic cell death under the metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Arimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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