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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Nabel
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Evrard SM, Lecce L, Michelis KC, Nomura-Kitabayashi A, Pandey G, Purushothaman KR, d'Escamard V, Li JR, Hadri L, Fujitani K, Moreno PR, Benard L, Rimmele P, Cohain A, Mecham B, Randolph GJ, Nabel EG, Hajjar R, Fuster V, Boehm M, Kovacic JC. Corrigendum: Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is common in atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with plaque instability. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14710. [PMID: 28205517 PMCID: PMC5316888 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature Communications 8: Article number: 11853 (2016); Published: 24 June 2016; Updated: 16 February 2017 In this Article, the catalogue number for the anti-Fap-Alexa Fluor 647 antibody is listed incorrectly and should have read bs-5758R-A647 instead of bs-5760R-A647.
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Evrard SM, Lecce L, Michelis KC, Nomura-Kitabayashi A, Pandey G, Purushothaman KR, d'Escamard V, Li JR, Hadri L, Fujitani K, Moreno PR, Benard L, Rimmele P, Cohain A, Mecham B, Randolph GJ, Nabel EG, Hajjar R, Fuster V, Boehm M, Kovacic JC. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is common in atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with plaque instability. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11853. [PMID: 27340017 PMCID: PMC4931033 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays a major role during development, and also contributes to several adult cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts are prominent in atherosclerosis, with key functions including regulation of: inflammation, matrix and collagen production, and plaque structural integrity. However, little is known about the origins of atherosclerosis-associated fibroblasts. Here we show using endothelial-specific lineage-tracking that EndMT-derived fibroblast-like cells are common in atherosclerotic lesions, with EndMT-derived cells expressing a range of fibroblast-specific markers. In vitro modelling confirms that EndMT is driven by TGF-β signalling, oxidative stress and hypoxia; all hallmarks of atherosclerosis. 'Transitioning' cells are readily detected in human plaques co-expressing endothelial and fibroblast/mesenchymal proteins, indicative of EndMT. The extent of EndMT correlates with an unstable plaque phenotype, which appears driven by altered collagen-MMP production in EndMT-derived cells. We conclude that EndMT contributes to atherosclerotic patho-biology and is associated with complex plaques that may be related to clinical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene M. Evrard
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Laura Lecce
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Katherine C. Michelis
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Aya Nomura-Kitabayashi
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - K-Raman Purushothaman
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Valentina d'Escamard
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Li
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kenji Fujitani
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Pedro R. Moreno
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Ludovic Benard
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Pauline Rimmele
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Ariella Cohain
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | | | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | - Roger Hajjar
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Jason C. Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Ali ZA, de Jesus Perez V, Yuan K, Orcholski M, Pan S, Qi W, Chopra G, Adams C, Kojima Y, Leeper NJ, Qu X, Zaleta-Rivera K, Kato K, Yamada Y, Oguri M, Kuchinsky A, Hazen SL, Jukema JW, Ganesh SK, Nabel EG, Channon K, Leon MB, Charest A, Quertermous T, Ashley EA. Oxido-reductive regulation of vascular remodeling by receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5159-74. [PMID: 25401476 DOI: 10.1172/jci77484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioplasty and stenting is the primary treatment for flow-limiting atherosclerosis; however, this strategy is limited by pathological vascular remodeling. Using a systems approach, we identified a role for the network hub gene glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) in pathological remodeling following human blood vessel stenting. Constitutive deletion of Gpx1 in atherosclerotic mice recapitulated this phenotype of increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and plaque formation. In an independent patient cohort, gene variant pair analysis identified an interaction of GPX1 with the orphan protooncogene receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1. A meta-analysis of the only genome-wide association studies of human neointima-induced in-stent stenosis confirmed the association of the ROS1 variant with pathological remodeling. Decreased GPX1 expression in atherosclerotic mice led to reductive stress via a time-dependent increase in glutathione, corresponding to phosphorylation of the ROS1 kinase activation site Y2274. Loss of GPX1 function was associated with both oxidative and reductive stress, the latter driving ROS1 activity via s-glutathiolation of critical residues of the ROS1 tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. ROS1 inhibition with crizotinib and deglutathiolation of SHP-2 abolished GPX1-mediated increases in VSMC proliferation while leaving endothelialization intact. Our results indicate that GPX1-dependent alterations in oxido-reductive stress promote ROS1 activation and mediate vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Crizotinib
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/biosynthesis
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mutation, Missense
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
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Nabel EG. Reflections on a life in biomedicine: leading change. Yale J Biol Med 2013; 86:389-95. [PMID: 24058313 PMCID: PMC3767223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dr. Elizabeth Nabel delivered the following presentation as the Lee E. Farr Lecturer on May 7, 2013, which served as the culmination of the annual Student Research Day at Yale School of Medicine. Dr. Nabel is President of the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Her lecture to Yale medical students portrayed her own personal and professional journey through medicine as a series of opportunities. Dr. Nabel focused on the roles and responsibilities of physicians to recognize need and to make change through focused advocacy.
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Manceau V, Kremmer E, Nabel EG, Maucuer A. The protein kinase KIS impacts gene expression during development and fear conditioning in adult mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43946. [PMID: 22937132 PMCID: PMC3427225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-enriched protein kinase KIS (product of the gene UHMK1) has been shown to phosphorylate the human splicing factor SF1 in vitro. This phosphorylation in turn favors the formation of a U2AF65-SF1-RNA complex which occurs at the 3′ end of introns at an early stage of spliceosome assembly. Here, we analyzed the effects of KIS knockout on mouse SF1 phosphorylation, physiology, adult behavior, and gene expression in the neonate brain. We found SF1 isoforms are differently expressed in KIS-ko mouse brains and fibroblasts. Re-expression of KIS in fibroblasts restores a wild type distribution of SF1 isoforms, confirming the link between KIS and SF1. Microarray analysis of transcripts in the neonate brain revealed a subtle down-regulation of brain specific genes including cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels and metabolic enzymes. Q-PCR analyses confirmed these defects and point to an increase of pre-mRNA over mRNA ratios, likely due to changes in splicing efficiency. While performing similarly in prepulse inhibition and most other behavioral tests, KIS-ko mice differ in spontaneous activity and contextual fear conditioning. This difference suggests that disregulation of gene expression due to KIS inactivation affects specific brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Manceau
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Elizabeth G. Nabel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Maucuer
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Nabel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Nabel EG. Cardiovascular insights from a premature aging syndrome: a translational story. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2012; 123:221-5; discussion 225-6. [PMID: 23303987 PMCID: PMC3540623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Good morning. I am delighted to join you this morning. Today I'd like to tell you an interesting translational research story whereby a rare disease can be an example for how scientific advances can lead to acceleration of new therapies. This story will include some genetic sleuthing, a creative interdisciplinary team, a foundation of protein biochemistry, cutting-edge cell biology, creation of a mouse model, designer drug development, some good luck along the way, kids enrolling in a clinical trial from around the world, and finally, unexpected consequences for a condition that affects all of us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dalloneau E, Lopes Pereira P, Brault V, Nabel EG, Hérault Y. Prmt2 Regulates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Responses in Lungs and Macrophages. J I 2011; 187:4826-34. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bökenkamp R, Raz V, Venema A, DeRuiter MC, van Munsteren C, Olive M, Nabel EG, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. Differential temporal and spatial progerin expression during closure of the ductus arteriosus in neonates. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23975. [PMID: 21915271 PMCID: PMC3167818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) at birth is essential for the transition from fetal to postnatal life. Before birth the DA bypasses the uninflated lungs by shunting blood from the pulmonary trunk into the systemic circulation. The molecular mechanism underlying DA closure and degeneration has not been fully elucidated, but is associated with apoptosis and cytolytic necrosis in the inner media and intima. We detected features of histology during DA degeneration that are comparable to Hutchinson Gilford Progeria syndrome and ageing. Immunohistochemistry on human fetal and neonatal DA, and aorta showed that lamin A/C was expressed in all layers of the vessel wall. As a novel finding we report that progerin, a splicing variant of lamin A/C was expressed almost selectively in the normal closing neonatal DA, from which we hypothesized that progerin is involved in DA closure. Progerin was detected in 16.2%±7.2 cells of the DA. Progerin-expressing cells were predominantly located in intima and inner media where cytolytic necrosis accompanied by apoptosis will develop. Concomitantly we found loss of α-smooth muscle actin as well as reduced lamin A/C expression compared to the fetal and non-closing DA. In cells of the adjacent aorta, that remains patent, progerin expression was only sporadically detected in 2.5%±1.5 of the cells. Data were substantiated by the detection of mRNA of progerin in the neonatal DA but not in the aorta, by PCR and sequencing analysis. The fetal DA and the non-closing persistent DA did not present with progerin expressing cells. Our analysis revealed that the spatiotemporal expression of lamin A/C and progerin in the neonatal DA was mutually exclusive. We suggest that activation of LMNA alternative splicing is involved in vascular remodeling in the circulatory system during normal neonatal DA closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bökenkamp
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sampietro ML, Trompet S, Verschuren JJW, Talens RP, Deelen J, Heijmans BT, de Winter RJ, Tio RA, Doevendans PAFM, Ganesh SK, Nabel EG, Westra HJ, Franke L, van den Akker EB, Westendorp RGJ, Zwinderman AH, Kastrati A, Koch W, Slagboom PE, de Knijff P, Jukema JW. A genome-wide association study identifies a region at chromosome 12 as a potential susceptibility locus for restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4748-57. [PMID: 21878436 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become an effective therapy to treat obstructive coronary artery diseases (CAD). However, one of the major drawbacks of PCI is the occurrence of restenosis in 5-25% of all initially treated patients. Restenosis is defined as the re-narrowing of the lumen of the blood vessel, resulting in renewed symptoms and the need for repeated intervention. To identify genetic variants that are associated with restenosis, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in 295 patients who developed restenosis (cases) and 571 who did not (controls) from the GENetic Determinants of Restenosis (GENDER) study. Analysis of ~550 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GENDER was followed by a replication phase in three independent case-control populations (533 cases and 3067 controls). A potential susceptibility locus for restenosis at chromosome 12, including rs10861032 (P(combined) = 1.11 × 10(-7)) and rs9804922 (P(combined) = 1.45 × 10(-6)), was identified in the GWAS and replication phase. In addition, both SNPs were also associated with coronary events (rs10861032, P(additive) = 0.005; rs9804922, P(additive) = 0.023) in a trial based cohort set of elderly patients with (enhanced risk of) CAD (PROSPER) and all-cause mortality in PROSPER (rs10861032, P(additive) = 0.007; rs9804922, P(additive) = 0.013) and GENDER (rs10861032, P(additive) = 0.005; rs9804922, P(additive) = 0.023). Further analysis suggests that this locus could be involved in regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lourdes Sampietro
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
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Kovacic JC, Moreno P, Nabel EG, Hachinski V, Fuster V. Cellular senescence, vascular disease, and aging: part 2 of a 2-part review: clinical vascular disease in the elderly. Circulation 2011; 123:1900-10. [PMID: 21537006 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.009118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Kovacic
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Cao K, Blair CD, Faddah DA, Kieckhaefer JE, Olive M, Erdos MR, Nabel EG, Collins FS. Progerin and telomere dysfunction collaborate to trigger cellular senescence in normal human fibroblasts. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2833-44. [PMID: 21670498 DOI: 10.1172/jci43578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a devastating premature aging disease, is caused by a point mutation in the lamin A gene (LMNA). This mutation constitutively activates a cryptic splice donor site, resulting in a mutant lamin A protein known as progerin. Recent studies have demonstrated that progerin is also produced at low levels in normal human cells and tissues. However, the cause-and-effect relationship between normal aging and progerin production in normal individuals has not yet been determined. In this study, we have shown in normal human fibroblasts that progressive telomere damage during cellular senescence plays a causative role in activating progerin production. Progressive telomere damage was also found to lead to extensive changes in alternative splicing in multiple other genes. Interestingly, elevated progerin production was not seen during cellular senescence that does not entail telomere shortening. Taken together, our results suggest a synergistic relationship between telomere dysfunction and progerin production during the induction of cell senescence, providing mechanistic insight into how progerin may participate in the normal aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Cao
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0148, USA
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Verstraeten VLRM, Peckham LA, Olive M, Capell BC, Collins FS, Nabel EG, Young SG, Fong LG, Lammerding J. Protein farnesylation inhibitors cause donut-shaped cell nuclei attributable to a centrosome separation defect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:4997-5002. [PMID: 21383178 PMCID: PMC3064351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1019532108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) in the treatment of certain malignancies, their mode of action is incompletely understood. Dissecting the molecular pathways affected by FTIs is important, particularly because this group of drugs is now being tested for the treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. In the current study, we show that FTI treatment causes a centrosome separation defect, leading to the formation of donut-shaped nuclei in nontransformed cell lines, tumor cell lines, and tissues of FTI-treated mice. Donut-shaped nuclei arise during chromatin decondensation in late mitosis; subsequently, cells with donut-shaped nuclei exhibit defects in karyokinesis, develop aneuploidy, and are often binucleated. Binucleated cells proliferate slowly. We identified lamin B1 and proteasome-mediated degradation of pericentrin as critical components in FTI-induced "donut formation" and binucleation. Reducing pericentrin expression or ectopic expression of nonfarnesylated lamin B1 was sufficient to elicit donut formation and binucleated cells, whereas blocking proteasomal degradation eliminated FTI-induced donut formation. Our studies have uncovered an important role of FTIs on centrosome separation and define pericentrin as a (indirect) target of FTIs affecting centrosome position and bipolar spindle formation, likely explaining some of the anticancer effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L. R. M. Verstraeten
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lana A. Peckham
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Brian C. Capell
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Francis S. Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Elizabeth G. Nabel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Loren G. Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Ganesh SK, Joo J, Skelding K, Mehta L, Zheng G, O'Neill K, Billings EM, Helgadottir A, Andersen K, Thorgeirsson G, Gudnason T, Geller NL, Simari RD, Holmes DR, O'Neill WW, Nabel EG. Time course analysis of gene expression identifies multiple genes with differential expression in patients with in-stent restenosis. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:20. [PMID: 21356094 PMCID: PMC3053213 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular disease in-stent restenosis (ISR) is characterized by formation of neointima and adverse inward remodeling of the artery after injury by coronary stent implantation. We hypothesized that the analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) would demonstrate differences in transcript expression between individuals who develop ISR and those who do not. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined and investigated PBMC gene expression of 358 patients undergoing an index procedure to treat in de novo coronary artery lesions with bare metallic stents, using a novel time-varying intercept model to optimally assess the time course of gene expression across a time course of blood samples. Validation analyses were conducted in an independent sample of 97 patients with similar time-course blood sampling and gene expression data. We identified 47 probesets with differential expression, of which 36 were validated upon independent replication testing. The genes identified have varied functions, including some related to cellular growth and metabolism, such as the NAB2 and LAMP genes. CONCLUSIONS In a study of patients undergoing bare metallic stent implantation, we have identified and replicated differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, studied across a time series of blood samples. The genes identified suggest alterations in cellular growth and metabolism pathways, and these results provide the basis for further specific functional hypothesis generation and testing of the mechanisms of ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi K Ganesh
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Olive M, Harten I, Mitchell R, Beers J, Djabali K, Cao K, Erdos MR, Blair C, Funke B, Smoot L, Gerhard-Herman M, Machan JT, Kutys R, Virmani R, Collins FS, Wight TN, Nabel EG, Gordon LB. Cardiovascular pathology in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria: correlation with the vascular pathology of aging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2301-9. [PMID: 20798379 PMCID: PMC2965471 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.209460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) exhibit dramatically accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD), causing death from myocardial infarction or stroke between the ages of 7 and 20 years. We undertook the first histological comparative evaluation between genetically confirmed HGPS and the CVD of aging. METHODS AND RESULTS We present structural and immunohistological analysis of cardiovascular tissues from 2 children with HGPS who died of myocardial infarction. Both had features classically associated with the atherosclerosis of aging, as well as arteriolosclerosis of small vessels. In addition, vessels exhibited prominent adventitial fibrosis, a previously undescribed feature of HGPS. Importantly, although progerin was detected at higher rates in the HGPS coronary arteries, it was also present in non-HGPS individuals. Between the ages of 1 month and 97 years, progerin staining increased an average of 3.34% per year (P<0.0001) in coronary arteries. CONCLUSIONS We find concordance among many aspects of cardiovascular pathology in both HGPS and geriatric patients. HGPS generates a more prominent adventitial fibrosis than typical CVD. Vascular progerin generation in young non-HGPS individuals, which significantly increases throughout life, strongly suggests that progerin has a role in cardiovascular aging of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olive
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ingrid Harten
- Hope Heart Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101-2795
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Richard Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jeanette Beers
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karima Djabali
- Department of Dermatology, University Technique of Munich (TUM), 85748 Munich-Garching, Germany
| | - Kan Cao
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael R. Erdos
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cecilia Blair
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Birgit Funke
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Cambridge, MA. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Leslie Smoot
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115
| | - Marie Gerhard-Herman
- Department of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jason T. Machan
- Biostatistics, Rhode Island Hospital Departments of Orthopaedics and Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | | | | | - Francis S. Collins
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Hope Heart Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101-2795
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Elizabeth G. Nabel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Leslie B. Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Anesthesia, Children’s Hospital Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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23
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Iwasaki H, Kovacic JC, Olive M, Beers JK, Yoshimoto T, Crook MF, Tonelli LH, Nabel EG. Disruption of protein arginine N-methyltransferase 2 regulates leptin signaling and produces leanness in vivo through loss of STAT3 methylation. Circ Res 2010; 107:992-1001. [PMID: 20798359 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.225326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Arginine methylation by protein N-arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is an important posttranslational modification in the regulation of protein signaling. PRMT2 contains a highly conserved catalytic Ado-Met binding domain, but the enzymatic function of PRMT2 with respect to methylation is unknown. The JAK-STAT pathway is proposed to be regulated through direct arginine methylation of STAT transcription factors, and STAT3 signaling is known to be required for leptin regulation of energy balance. OBJECTIVE To identify the potential role of STAT3 arginine methylation by PRMT2 in the regulation of leptin signaling and energy homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified that PRMT2(-/-) mice are hypophagic, lean, and have significantly reduced serum leptin levels. This lean phenotype is accompanied by resistance to food-dependent obesity and an increased sensitivity to exogenous leptin administration. PRMT2 colocalizes with STAT3 in hypothalamic nuclei, where it binds and methylates STAT3 through its Ado-Met binding domain. In vitro studies further clarified that the Ado-Met binding domain of PRMT2 induces STAT3 methylation at the Arg31 residue. Absence of PRMT2 results in decreased methylation and prolonged tyrosine phosphorylation of hypothalamic STAT3, which was associated with increased expression of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin following leptin stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These data elucidate a molecular pathway that directly links arginine methylation of STAT3 by PRMT2 to the regulation of leptin signaling, suggesting a potential role for PRMT2 antagonism in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwasaki
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, PB408, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Akyürek LM, Boehm M, Olive M, Zhou AX, San H, Nabel EG. Deficiency of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:359-63. [PMID: 20417618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1), are upregulated during vascular cell proliferation and negatively regulate growth of vascular cells. We hypothesized that absence of either p21(Cip1) or p27(Kip1) in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficiency may increase atherosclerotic plaque formation. Compared to apoE(-/-) aortae, both apoE(-/-)/p21(-/-) and apoE(-/-)/p27(-/-) aortae exhibited significantly more atherosclerotic plaque following a high-cholesterol regimen. This increase was particularly observed in the abdominal aortic regions. Deficiency of p27(Kip1) accelerated plaque formation significantly more than p21(-/-) in apoE(-/-) mice. This increased plaque formation was in parallel with increased intima/media area ratios. Deficiency of p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) accelerates atherogenesis in apoE(-/-) mice. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the molecular basis of atherosclerosis associated with excessive proliferation of vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent M Akyürek
- National Human Genome Research Institute and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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O'Donnell CJ, Nabel EG. Cardiovascular genomics, personalized medicine, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: part I: the beginning of an era. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 1:51-7. [PMID: 20031542 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.813337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The inaugural issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics arrives at a remarkable time in the history of genetic research and cardiovascular medicine. Despite tremendous progress in knowledge gained, cardiovascular disease(CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States,1 and it has overcome infectious diseases as the leading cause of death worldwide.2 In addition, rates of CVD remain higher in black and Hispanic populations in the United States.1 The recent Strategic Plan of the National Heart, Lung,and Blood Institute (NHLBI) emphasizes research areas to fill the significant knowledge gaps needed to improve the diagnosis,treatment, and control of known risk factors and clinically apparent disease. Simultaneously, the NHLBI Strategic Plan recognizes a tremendous opportunity that is available for use of genetic and genomic research to generate new knowledge that might reduce the morbidity and mortality from CVD in US populations.3 Public availability of vast amounts of detailed sequence information about the human genome, completed sequence data on dozens of other animal genomes, and private sector development of high-throughput genetic technologies has transformed in a few short years the conduct of cardiovascular genetics and genomics research from a primary focus on mendelian disorders to a current emphasis on genome-wide association studies (GWAS; Figure1). In this review, we describe the rationale for the current emphasis on large-scale genomic studies, summarize the evolving approaches and progress to date, and identify immediate-term research needs. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the NHLBI are supporting a portfolio of large-scale genetic and genomic programs in diverse US populations with the longer-term objective of translating knowledge into the prediction, prevention, and preemption of CVD, as well as lung, sleep, and blood disorders. Underlying this portfolio is a strong commitment to make available participant-level data and aggregate research results to the broad community of investigators, while protecting the privacy and confidentiality and respecting the informed consent of study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Donnell
- Center for Population Studies in the Division of Intramural Research, Framingham Heart Study, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Nabel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Blaisdell CJ, Gail DB, Nabel EG. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute perspective: lung progenitor and stem cells--gaps in knowledge and future opportunities. Stem Cells 2009; 27:2263-70. [PMID: 19522010 PMCID: PMC2962803 DOI: 10.1002/stem.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because the lung stem cell field is so new, there remain many unanswered questions that are being addressed regarding the identification, location, and role of exogenous and endogenous stem and progenitor cell populations in growth, regeneration, and repair of the lung. Advancing lung stem cell biology will require multidisciplinary teams and a long term effort to unravel the biologic processes of stem cells in the lung. While no clinical research in lung stem cell therapies are currently funded by NHLBI, the knowledge gained by understanding the basic biology of the lung stem cell populations will be needed to translate to diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Blaisdell
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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29
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Daar AS, Nabel EG, Pramming SK, Anderson W, Beaudet A, Liu D, Katoch VM, Borysiewicz LK, Glass RI, Bell J. The global alliance for chronic diseases. Science 2009; 324:1642. [PMID: 19556484 DOI: 10.1126/science.324_1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Cimato T, Beers J, Ding S, Ma M, McCoy JP, Boehm M, Nabel EG. Neuropilin-1 identifies endothelial precursors in human and murine embryonic stem cells before CD34 expression. Circulation 2009; 119:2170-8. [PMID: 19364973 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.849596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In murine embryonic stem cells, the onset of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expression identifies endothelial precursors. Undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells express VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-2 expression persists on differentiation. The objective of our study was to identify a single population of endothelial precursors with common identifying features from both human and murine embryonic stem cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that expression of the VEGF coreceptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) coincides with expression of Brachyury and VEGFR-2 and identifies endothelial precursors in murine and human embryonic stem cells before CD31 or CD34 expression. When sorted and differentiated, VEGFR-2(+)NRP-1(+) cells form endothelial-like colonies that express CD31 and CD34 7-fold more efficiently than NRP-1 cells. Finally, antagonism of both the VEGF and Semaphorin binding functions of NRP-1 impairs the differentiation of vascular precursors to endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The onset of NRP-1 expression identifies endothelial precursors in murine and human stem cells. The findings define the origin of a single population of endothelial precursors from human and murine stem cells to endothelial cells. Additionally, the function of both the VEGF and Semaphorin binding activities of NRP-1 has important roles in the differentiation of stem cells to endothelial cells, providing novel insights into the role of NRP-1 in a model of vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cimato
- National Human Genome Research Institute, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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32
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Nabel EG, Lauer MS. The cardiovascular programs of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: from vision to action to impact. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:1082-3. [PMID: 19298924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Nabel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Nabel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr, 5A48, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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35
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Nabel EG. Notes from the NHLBI Director. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:263-4. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200812-1848ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Nabel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland
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36
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Langenickel TH, Olive M, Boehm M, San H, Crook MF, Nabel EG. KIS protects against adverse vascular remodeling by opposing stathmin-mediated VSMC migration in mice. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:3848-59. [PMID: 19033656 DOI: 10.1172/jci33206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular proliferative diseases are characterized by VSMC proliferation and migration. Kinase interacting with stathmin (KIS) targets 2 key regulators of cell proliferation and migration, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 and the microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin. Phosphorylation of p27Kip1 by KIS leads to cell-cycle progression, whereas the target sequence and the physiological relevance of KIS-mediated stathmin phosphorylation in VSMCs are unknown. Here we demonstrated that vascular wound repair in KIS-/- mice resulted in accelerated formation of neointima, which is composed predominantly of VSMCs. Deletion of KIS increased VSMC migratory activity and cytoplasmic tubulin destabilizing activity, but abolished VSMC proliferation through the delayed nuclear export and degradation of p27Kip1. This promigratory phenotype resulted from increased stathmin protein levels, caused by a lack of KIS-mediated stathmin phosphorylation at serine 38 and diminished stathmin protein degradation. Downregulation of stathmin in KIS-/- VSMCs fully restored the phenotype, and stathmin-deficient mice demonstrated reduced lesion formation in response to vascular injury. These data suggest that KIS protects against excessive neointima formation by opposing stathmin-mediated VSMC migration and that VSMC migration represents a major mechanism of vascular wound repair, constituting a relevant target and mechanism for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Langenickel
- Vascular Biology and Genomics Section, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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37
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Capell BC, Olive M, Erdos MR, Cao K, Faddah DA, Tavarez UL, Conneely KN, Qu X, San H, Ganesh SK, Chen X, Avallone H, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R, Nabel EG, Collins FS. A farnesyltransferase inhibitor prevents both the onset and late progression of cardiovascular disease in a progeria mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:15902-7. [PMID: 18838683 PMCID: PMC2562418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807840105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is the most dramatic form of human premature aging. Death occurs at a mean age of 13 years, usually from heart attack or stroke. Almost all cases of HGPS are caused by a de novo point mutation in the lamin A (LMNA) gene that results in production of a mutant lamin A protein termed progerin. This protein is permanently modified by a lipid farnesyl group, and acts as a dominant negative, disrupting nuclear structure. Treatment with farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) has been shown to prevent and even reverse this nuclear abnormality in cultured HGPS fibroblasts. We have previously created a mouse model of HGPS that shows progressive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells in the media of the large arteries, in a pattern that is strikingly similar to the cardiovascular disease seen in patients with HGPS. Here we show that the dose-dependent administration of the FTI tipifarnib (R115777, Zarnestra) to this HGPS mouse model can significantly prevent both the onset of the cardiovascular phenotype as well as the late progression of existing cardiovascular disease. These observations provide encouraging evidence for the current clinical trial of FTIs for this rare and devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Capell
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Michelle Olive
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | - Michael R. Erdos
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | - Kan Cao
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | - Dina A. Faddah
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | - Urraca L. Tavarez
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Xuan Qu
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | - Hong San
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth G. Nabel
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Francis S. Collins
- *Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8004
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Abstract
The American Society for Clinical Investigation has supported the career development of physician-scientists for the past 100 years. As the ASCI looks to its next 100 years, it must be a leading force, not only for advancing the research of physician-scientists, but also for stimulating public advocacy for biomedical research in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Nabel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Merideth MA, Gordon LB, Clauss S, Sachdev V, Smith ACM, Perry MB, Brewer CC, Zalewski C, Kim HJ, Solomon B, Brooks BP, Gerber LH, Turner ML, Domingo DL, Hart TC, Graf J, Reynolds JC, Gropman A, Yanovski JA, Gerhard-Herman M, Collins FS, Nabel EG, Cannon RO, Gahl WA, Introne WJ. Phenotype and course of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:592-604. [PMID: 18256394 PMCID: PMC2940940 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0706898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare, sporadic, autosomal dominant syndrome that involves premature aging, generally leading to death at approximately 13 years of age due to myocardial infarction or stroke. The genetic basis of most cases of this syndrome is a change from glycine GGC to glycine GGT in codon 608 of the lamin A (LMNA) gene, which activates a cryptic splice donor site to produce abnormal lamin A; this disrupts the nuclear membrane and alters transcription. METHODS We enrolled 15 children between 1 and 17 years of age, representing nearly half of the world's known patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, in a comprehensive clinical protocol between February 2005 and May 2006. RESULTS Clinical investigations confirmed sclerotic skin, joint contractures, bone abnormalities, alopecia, and growth impairment in all 15 patients; cardiovascular and central nervous system sequelae were also documented. Previously unrecognized findings included prolonged prothrombin times, elevated platelet counts and serum phosphorus levels, measured reductions in joint range of motion, low-frequency conductive hearing loss, and functional oral deficits. Growth impairment was not related to inadequate nutrition, insulin unresponsiveness, or growth hormone deficiency. Growth hormone treatment in a few patients increased height growth by 10% and weight growth by 50%. Cardiovascular studies revealed diminishing vascular function with age, including elevated blood pressure, reduced vascular compliance, decreased ankle-brachial indexes, and adventitial thickening. CONCLUSIONS Establishing the detailed phenotype of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is important because advances in understanding this syndrome may offer insight into normal aging. Abnormal lamin A (progerin) appears to accumulate with aging in normal cells. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00094393.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Merideth
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Intramural Office of Rare Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1851, USA
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Nabel EG. Notes from the NHLBI Director. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:1178. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200709-1382ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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True AL, Olive M, Boehm M, San H, Westrick RJ, Raghavachari N, Xu X, Lynn EG, Sack MN, Munson PJ, Gladwin MT, Nabel EG. Heme Oxygenase-1 Deficiency Accelerates Formation of Arterial Thrombosis Through Oxidative Damage to the Endothelium, Which Is Rescued by Inhaled Carbon Monoxide. Circ Res 2007; 101:893-901. [PMID: 17885218 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.158998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 (encoded by
Hmox1
) catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme to biliverdin and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is induced during inflammation and oxidative stress to protect tissues from oxidative damage. Because intravascular thrombosis forms at sites of tissue inflammation, we hypothesized that HO-1 protects against arterial thrombosis during oxidant stress. To investigate the direct function of HO-1 on thrombosis, we used photochemical-induced vascular injury in
Hmox1
−/−
and
Hmox1
+/+
mice.
Hmox1
−/−
mice developed accelerated, occlusive arterial thrombus compared with
Hmox1
+/+
mice, and we detected several mechanisms accounting for this antithrombotic effect. First, endothelial cells in
Hmox1
−/−
arteries were more susceptible to apoptosis and denudation, leading to platelet-rich microthrombi in the subendothelium. Second, tissue factor, von Willebrand Factor, and reactive oxygen species were significantly elevated in
Hmox1
−/−
mice, consistent with endothelial cell damage and loss. Third, following transplantation of
Hmox1
−/−
donor bone marrow into
Hmox1
+/+
recipients and subsequent vascular injury, we observed rapid arterial thrombosis compared with
Hmox1
+/+
mice receiving
Hmox1
+/+
bone marrow. Fourth, inhaled carbon monoxide and biliverdin administration rescued the prothrombotic phenotype in
Hmox1
−/−
mice. Fifth, using a transcriptional analysis of arterial tissue, we found that HO-1 determined a transcriptional response to injury, with specific effects on cell cycle regulation, coagulation, thrombosis, and redox homeostasis. These data provide direct genetic evidence for a protective role of HO-1 against thrombosis and reactive oxygen species during vascular damage. Induction of HO-1 may be beneficial in the prevention of thrombosis associated with vascular oxidant stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L True
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Nabel EG, Shurin SB. Notes from the NHLBI Director. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:430. [PMID: 17715382 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200705-706ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Crook MF, Olive M, Xue HH, Langenickel TH, Boehm M, Leonard WJ, Nabel EG. GA-binding protein regulates KIS gene expression, cell migration, and cell cycle progression. FASEB J 2007; 22:225-35. [PMID: 17726090 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8573com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) arrests cell cycle progression through G1/S phases and is regulated by phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues. Recently, we identified the serine/threonine kinase, KIS, which phosphorylates p27(Kip1) on serine 10 leading to nuclear export of p27(Kip1) and protein degradation. However, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional activation of the human KIS gene and its biological activity are not known. We mapped the transcription initiation site approximately 116 bp 5' to the translation start site, and sequences extending to -141 were sufficient for maximal promoter activity. Mutation in either of two Ets-binding sites in this region resulted in an approximately 75-80% decrease in promoter activity. These sites form at least 3 specific complexes, which contained GA-binding protein (GABP). Knocking down GABPalpha by siRNA in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) diminished KIS gene expression and reduced cell migration. Correspondingly, in serum stimulated GABPalpha-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), KIS gene expression was also significantly reduced, which was associated with an increase in p27(Kip1) protein levels and a decreased percentage of cells in S-phase. Consistent with these findings, following vascular injury in vivo, GABPalpha-heterozygous mice demonstrated reduced KIS gene expression within arterial lesions and these lesions were significantly smaller compared to GABP+/+ mice. In summary, serum-responsive GABP binding to Ets-binding sites activates the KIS promoter, leading to KIS gene expression, cell migration, and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Crook
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Nabel EG, Shurin SB. Notes from the Director, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: NHLBI core values and shaping the 2007 budget. Blood 2007; 110:1091. [PMID: 17675556 PMCID: PMC1939893 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-089607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Nabel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bldg 31/5A48, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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