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Worboys M, Timmermann C, Toon E. Before translational medicine: laboratory-clinic relations. Hist Philos Life Sci 2021; 43:48. [PMID: 33779847 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Worboys
- Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Carsten Timmermann
- Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Elizabeth Toon
- Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques P Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Annoni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Worboys M, Toon E. Not only laboratory to clinic: the translational work of William S. C. Copeman in rheumatology. Hist Philos Life Sci 2020; 42:35. [PMID: 32761389 PMCID: PMC7410860 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-020-00330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the arrival of Translational Medicine (TM), as both a term and movement in the late 1990s, it has been associated almost exclusively with attempts to accelerate the "translation" of research-laboratory findings to improve efficacy and outcomes in clinical practice (Krueger et al. in Hist Philos Life Sci 41:57, 2019). This framing privileges one source of change in medicine, that from bench-to-bedside. In this article we dig into the history of translation research to identify and discuss three other types of translational work in medicine that can also reshape ideas, practices, institutions, behaviours, or all of these, to produce transformations in clinical effectiveness. These are: (1) making accessible state-of-the-art knowledge and best practice across the medical profession; (2) remodelling and creating institutions to better develop and make available specialist knowledge and practice; and (3) improving public and patient understandings of disease prevention, symptoms and treatments. We do so by examining the work of William S. C. Copeman, a dominant figure in British rheumatology from the 1930 through the late 1960s. Throughout his long career, Copeman blended approaches to "translation" in order to produce transformative change in clinical medicine, making his work an exemplar of our expanded notion of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Worboys
- Centre for the History of Science and Technology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Toon
- Centre for the History of Science and Technology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Kurtz
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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5
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Abstract
Despite regenerative medicine (RM) being one of the hottest topics in biotechnology for the past 3 decades, it is generally acknowledged that the field's performance at the bedside has been somewhat disappointing. This may be linked to the novelty of these technologies and their disruptive nature, which has brought an increasing level of complexity to translation. Therefore, we look at how the historical development of the RM field has changed the translational strategy. Specifically, we explore how the pursuit of such novel regenerative therapies has changed the way experts aim to translate their ideas into clinical applications, and then identify areas that need to be corrected or reinforced in order for these therapies to eventually be incorporated into the standard-of-care. This is then linked to a discussion of the preclinical and postclinical challenges remaining today, which offer insights that can contribute to the future progression of RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Jacques
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- School of Human KineticsUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Cellular & Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
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6
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Guzik TJ, Olson EN. Leaders in Cardiovascular Research: Eric Olson. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:e54-e55. [PMID: 31898733 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
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7
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Capone GT. Current Research Approaches to Down Syndrome: Translational Research Perspectives. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2020; 125:93-96. [PMID: 32058816 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Translational research means different things to different people. In the biomedical research community, translational research is the process of applying knowledge from basic biology and clinical trials to techniques and tools that address critical medical needs such as new therapies. Translational research then is a "bench to bedside" bridge specifically designed to improve health outcomes ( Wetmore & Garner, 2010 ). In this sense, animal models or cell culture systems may be used to learn about basic underlying genetic and physiologic systems that are exceedingly difficult to study in human subjects ( Reeves et al., 2019 ). This has been a major theme in Down syndrome (DS) research since the mid-1980s when mouse models that approximate the condition of trisomy 21 (Ts21) first became available ( Das & Reeves 2011 ). Translational research has recently taken on a more expansive meaning, as the process of turning observations from the laboratory, the clinic, and the community can all lead to new therapeutic approaches to improve population health outcomes ( Rubio et al., 2010 ). This model has received increased attention in the last decade as it is clear that improving developmental outcomes for people with DS requires a community effort on the part of all stakeholders ( Capone, 2010 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Capone
- George T. Capone, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University
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8
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Abstract
This review summarizes key developments in the heparanase field obtained 20 years prior to cloning of the HPSE gene and nearly 20 years after its cloning. Of the numerous publications and review articles focusing on heparanase, we have selected those that best reflect the progression in the field as well as those we regard important accomplishments with preference to studies performed by scientists and groups that contributed to this book. Apart from a general 'introduction' and 'concluding remarks', the abstracts of these studies are presented essentially as published along the years. We apologize for not being objective and not being able to include some of the most relevant abstracts and references, due to space limitation. Heparanase research can be divided into two eras. The first, initiated around 1975, dealt with identifying the enzyme, establishing the relevant assay systems and investigating its biological activities and significance in cancer and other pathologies. Studies performed during the first area are briefly introduced in a layman style followed by the relevant abstracts presented chronologically, essentially as appears in PubMed. The second era started in 1999 when the heparanase gene was independently cloned by 4 research groups [1-4]. As expected, cloning of the heparanase gene boosted heparanase research by virtue of the readily available recombinant enzyme, molecular probes, and anti-heparanase antibodies. Studies performed during the second area are briefly introduced followed by selected abstracts of key findings, arranged according to specific topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC) Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Haifa Israel
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC) Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Haifa Israel
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Worboys M, Toon E. Special issue-before translational medicine: laboratory clinic relations lost in translation? Cortisone and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Britain, 1950-1960. Hist Philos Life Sci 2019; 41:54. [PMID: 31701313 PMCID: PMC6838030 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-019-0269-7 10.1007/s40656-019-0296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cortisone, initially known as 'compound E' was the medical sensation of the late 1940s and early 1950s. As early as April 1949, only a week after Philip Hench and colleagues first described the potential of 'compound E' at a Mayo Clinic seminar, the New York Times reported the drug's promise as a 'modern miracle' in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Given its high profile, it is unsurprising that historians of medicine have been attracted to study the innovation of cortisone. It arrived at the end of a decade of 'therapeutic revolutions', kicked off by penicillin transforming the treatment of bacterial infections and ending with hopes of a revolution in the treatment of non-infectious, chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite these studies of cortisone's introduction, few historians have taken the story forward and considered how cortisone was adopted and adapted into clinical practice. This article tells the longer of how the drug and its derivatives were taken from research laboratories and integrated into clinical practice; what has in recent decades become known as translational medicine (TM). In exploring cortisone's first decade in Britain, we focus specifically on its role in the treatment of RA. Our approach is always to consider cortisone's use in the context of other treatments available to clinicians, and at local and national institutional settings. We do not discuss the many other therapeutic uses of cortisone, which ranged for topical applications for skin diseases to the management of cancers, especially childhood leukaemia, nor do we discuss its close analogue ACTH-AdenoCorticoTropic Hormone. We think there are lessons in our study for TM policies today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Worboys
- Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (CHSTM), Simon Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Elizabeth Toon
- Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (CHSTM), Simon Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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10
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Worboys M, Toon E. Lost in Translation? Cortisone and the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Britain, 1950-1960. [corrected]. Hist Philos Life Sci 2019; 41:54. [PMID: 31701313 PMCID: PMC6838030 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-019-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cortisone, initially known as 'compound E' was the medical sensation of the late 1940s and early 1950s. As early as April 1949, only a week after Philip Hench and colleagues first described the potential of 'compound E' at a Mayo Clinic seminar, the New York Times reported the drug's promise as a 'modern miracle' in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Given its high profile, it is unsurprising that historians of medicine have been attracted to study the innovation of cortisone. It arrived at the end of a decade of 'therapeutic revolutions', kicked off by penicillin transforming the treatment of bacterial infections and ending with hopes of a revolution in the treatment of non-infectious, chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite these studies of cortisone's introduction, few historians have taken the story forward and considered how cortisone was adopted and adapted into clinical practice. This article tells the longer of how the drug and its derivatives were taken from research laboratories and integrated into clinical practice; what has in recent decades become known as translational medicine (TM). In exploring cortisone's first decade in Britain, we focus specifically on its role in the treatment of RA. Our approach is always to consider cortisone's use in the context of other treatments available to clinicians, and at local and national institutional settings. We do not discuss the many other therapeutic uses of cortisone, which ranged for topical applications for skin diseases to the management of cancers, especially childhood leukaemia, nor do we discuss its close analogue ACTH-AdenoCorticoTropic Hormone. We think there are lessons in our study for TM policies today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Worboys
- Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (CHSTM), Simon Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Elizabeth Toon
- Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (CHSTM), Simon Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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11
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Printz C. First person: Hagop Kantarjian, MD: MD Anderson physician reflects on decades of leading research into new leukemia drugs. Cancer 2018; 124:2469. [PMID: 29873825 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Colloca
- Department of Pain Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Dawkins HJ, Draghia‐Akli R, Lasko P, Lau LP, Jonker AH, Cutillo CM, Rath A, Boycott KM, Baynam G, Lochmüller H, Kaufmann P, Le Cam Y, Hivert V, Austin CP. Progress in Rare Diseases Research 2010-2016: An IRDiRC Perspective. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 11:11-20. [PMID: 28796411 PMCID: PMC5759730 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J.S. Dawkins
- Office of Population Health GenomicsPublic Health DivisionDepartment of HealthGovernment of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Ruxandra Draghia‐Akli
- Directorate General for Research and Innovation (DG RTD)European CommissionBrusselsBelgium(until April 2017)
- Merck & Co. Inc.Upper GwyneddPennsylvaniaUSA(from June 2017)
| | - Paul Lasko
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Lilian P.L. Lau
- IRDiRC Scientific SecretariatInserm‐US14, Rare Diseases PlatformParisFrance
| | | | - Christine M. Cutillo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ana Rath
- IRDiRC Scientific SecretariatInserm‐US14, Rare Diseases PlatformParisFrance
- OrphanetInserm‐US14, Rare Diseases PlatformParisFrance
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western AustraliaKing Edward Memorial HospitalPerthAustralia
- Western Australian Register of Developmental AnomaliesPerthAustralia
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Petra Kaufmann
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - Christopher P. Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
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14
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Soule HR. Legends in Urology. Can J Urol 2017; 24:8973-8975. [PMID: 28971782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard R Soule
- Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
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15
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Dr Fauconnier talks to genomics expert, Prof. McCarthy. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:e26. [PMID: 28863441 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pawelec G, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Professor Enrico Mihich, 1928-2016. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:955-957. [PMID: 28555257 PMCID: PMC11029124 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen Medical School, Tübingen, Germany.
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Dr Fauconnier talks to Professor Barbara Casadei, President-Elect of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:e21. [PMID: 28525918 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bolognesi A, Bortolotti M, Battelli MG, Polito L. Hyperuricaemia, Xanthine Oxidoreductase and Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins from Plants: The Contributions of Fiorenzo Stirpe to Frontline Research. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020206. [PMID: 28134797 PMCID: PMC6155646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymes called ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) that are able to depurinate nucleic acids and arrest vital cellular functions, including protein synthesis, are still a frontline research field, mostly because of their promising medical applications. The contributions of Stirpe to the development of these studies has been one of the most relevant. After a short biographical introduction, an overview is offered of the main results obtained by his investigations during last 55 years on his main research lines: hyperuricaemia, xanthine oxidoreductase and RIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Tromberg BJ, Anderson RR, Birngruber R, Brinkmann R, Berns MW, Parrish JA, Apiou-Sbirlea G. Biomedical optics centers: forty years of multidisciplinary clinical translation for improving human health. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:124001. [PMID: 27997018 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.124001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread government and public interest, there are significant barriers to translating basic science discoveries into clinical practice. Biophotonics and biomedical optics technologies can be used to overcome many of these hurdles, due, in part, to offering new portable, bedside, and accessible devices. The current JBO special issue highlights promising activities and examples of translational biophotonics from leading laboratories around the world. We identify common essential features of successful clinical translation by examining the origins and activities of three major international academic affiliated centers with beginnings traceable to the mid-late 1970s: The Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Mass General Hospital, USA), the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic (University of California, Irvine, USA), and the Medical Laser Center Lübeck at the University of Lübeck, Germany. Major factors driving the success of these programs include visionary founders and leadership, multidisciplinary research and training activities in light-based therapies and diagnostics, diverse funding portfolios, and a thriving entrepreneurial culture that tolerates risk. We provide a brief review of how these three programs emerged and highlight critical phases and lessons learned. Based on these observations, we identify pathways for encouraging the growth and formation of similar programs in order to more rapidly and effectively expand the impact of biophotonics and biomedical optics on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J Tromberg
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - R Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Institute, Department of Dermatology, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Reginald Birngruber
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Institute, Department of Dermatology, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United StatescMedical Laser Center Lübeck, Peter Monnik Weg 4, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Ralf Brinkmann
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck, Peter Monnik Weg 4, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Michael W Berns
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - John A Parrish
- Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, 125 Nashua Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Gabriela Apiou-Sbirlea
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Research Institute, Department of Dermatology, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Chubinskaya S. In memoriam: Klaus Kuettner, PhD (1933-2016). J Orthop Res 2016; 34:2044-2045. [PMID: 28005291 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Drinkenburg WHIM, Ahnaou A, Ruigt GSF. Pharmaco-EEG Studies in Animals: A History-Based Introduction to Contemporary Translational Applications. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:139-50. [PMID: 26901675 DOI: 10.1159/000443175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current research on the effects of pharmacological agents on human neurophysiology finds its roots in animal research, which is also reflected in contemporary animal pharmaco-electroencephalography (p-EEG) applications. The contributions, present value and translational appreciation of animal p-EEG-based applications are strongly interlinked with progress in recording and neuroscience analysis methodology. After the pioneering years in the late 19th and early 20th century, animal p-EEG research flourished in the pharmaceutical industry in the early 1980s. However, around the turn of the millennium the emergence of structurally and functionally revealing imaging techniques and the increasing application of molecular biology caused a temporary reduction in the use of EEG as a window into the brain for the prediction of drug efficacy. Today, animal p-EEG is applied again for its biomarker potential - extensive databases of p-EEG and polysomnography studies in rats and mice hold EEG signatures of a broad collection of psychoactive reference and test compounds. A multitude of functional EEG measures has been investigated, ranging from simple spectral power and sleep-wake parameters to advanced neuronal connectivity and plasticity parameters. Compared to clinical p-EEG studies, where the level of vigilance can be well controlled, changes in sleep-waking behaviour are generally a prominent confounding variable in animal p-EEG studies and need to be dealt with. Contributions of rodent pharmaco-sleep EEG research are outlined to illustrate the value and limitations of such preclinical p-EEG data for pharmacodynamic and chronopharmacological drug profiling. Contemporary applications of p-EEG and pharmaco-sleep EEG recordings in animals provide a common and relatively inexpensive window into the functional brain early in the preclinical and clinical development of psychoactive drugs in comparison to other brain imaging techniques. They provide information on the impact of drugs on arousal and sleep architecture, assessing their neuropharmacological characteristics in vivo, including central exposure and information on kinetics. In view of the clear disadvantages as well as advantages of animal p-EEG as compared to clinical p-EEG, general statements about the usefulness of EEG as a biomarker to demonstrate the translatability of p-EEG effects should be made with caution, however, because they depend on the particular EEG or sleep parameter that is being studied. The contribution of animal p-EEG studies to the translational characterisation of centrally active drugs can be furthered by adherence to guidelines for methodological standardisation, which are presently under construction by the International Pharmaco-EEG Society (IPEG).
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Coresh J, Platz EA. The George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention: A Century of Collaboration, Innovation, and Translation. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:362-6. [PMID: 26872712 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health has been engaged in public health research and practice in Washington County, Maryland, nearly since its inception a century ago. In 2005, the center housing this work was renamed the George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention to honor its pioneering leader. Principles that guided innovation and translation well in the past included: research synergies and opportunities for translation realized through longstanding connection with the community; integration of training with public health research; lifelong learning, mentorship, and teamwork; and efficiency through economies of scale. These principles are useful to consider as we face the challenges of improving the health of the population over the next 100 years.
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최 재, 김 정. [Takeki Kudoh's Research on Modern Medical Science and Japanized Confucianism in Colonial Korea (Chosŏn)]. Uisahak 2015; 24:659-708. [PMID: 26819437 PMCID: PMC10568147 DOI: 10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews Kudoh Takeki's activity critically during the colonial Korea period, regarding his research on Medical Science and Japanized Confucianism. He managed 'The Seoul Gynecological Hospital'for approximately 35 years in the Chosŏn period as a Japanese resident with Chosŏn status. He published medical knowledge about obstetrics through more than 280 articles, and attempted to improve the hygiene and health of 'Korean Women'. He tried to complete his will toward 'One Unity of Chosŏn and Japan'by terminating the Chosŏn culture 'gene'as an intention. The purpose would enlighten Chosŏn by Japanese blessing. This paper aims to confirm his intention by two aspect of analysis by 'Medical Science'as an occupation and 'Confucianism'and the background of his thought. The content of Kudoh Takeki's research in Chosŏn regarding Medical Science-Confucianism is described as below. First, the purpose and mission of Kudoh Takeki regarding Chosŏn was analyzed. The papers revealed the Kudoh Takeki mentioned only the 'HusbandMurders of Corean Women', which was defined by Kudoh Takeki as 'A Special Crime of Corea'. This paper examined his intensions. Second, writings by Kudoh Takeki were listed to verify the 'medical'field and 'non-medical'field according to the subject. No list of contents was found for his more than 280 articles or essays in magazines/newspapers/ publications, and these papers only described the Kudoh paper "A Special Crime of Corea"and studied the separate book publication by Kudoh THE GYNAECOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF HUSBANDMURDERS OF COREAN WOMEN, A SPECIAL CRIME OF COREA. Third, the genealogy of Confucianism of Kudoh Takeki was analyzed as his background of mental·thought by his hometown and the school he graduated from. The people from Kumamoto and Seiseiko school who were influenced by 'Yi Toegye'of Chosŏn Confucianism were more active than general Japanese. Fourth, the practical activity of Kudoh Takeki in Chosŏn was described. The paper revealed that his brother Tadaske and Shigeo also stayed in Chosŏn to act as an important assistants for the Colonial Chosŏn Government-general. Kudoh was an important man in Japanese society in Chosŏn, acting as a member of 「Group of Same Origin」 and 'Chosŏn Association of great Asia'which was an important organization assisting Colonial Chosŏn Government-general and was a representative position in Seoul district of Bukmichang-jeong(now Bukchang-dong) Fifth, Kudoh Takeki's precise activity to terminate Chosŏn cultural 'gene'and lead to enlightenment was analyzed by an examination of his Medical Science as an occupation and Confucianism as a background of his thought. Even he attempted to enlighten the brutal Chosŏn people in cultural aspects but it was only a tool to assist the colonial policy of Japan by emphasizing 'Kyoikuchokugo(Imperial Rescript on Education)'to implant the Kodo-Seishin(Imperial Spirit). Analyzing the relationship of Kumamoto Practical Party with Yi Toegye, the intention of a deep connection toward 'One Unity of Japan and Chosŏn'by colonial policy was revealed. In conclusion, the paper revealed the Japanese modernization frame to complete 'One Unity of Japan and Chosŏn'and 'Make people to obey the Japan Emperor'by enlightening the dark Chosŏn and merging them with Japan as Kudoh intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Haldar
- Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Starzl TE. Anthony Cerami Award in Translational Medicine: A Journey in Science: The Birth of Organ Transplantation with Particular Reference to Alloengraftment Mechanisms. Mol Med 2015; 21:227-32. [PMID: 26197024 PMCID: PMC4503646 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Starzl
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Dzau V, Ince S. Victor Dzau: cardiovascular physician scientist takes helm at IOM. Circ Res 2015; 117:13-6. [PMID: 26089363 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cerami A. A Forty-Year Odyssey in the Sea of Translational Medicine. Proc Am Philos Soc 2014; 158:400-410. [PMID: 26665588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Touitou E, Ainbinde D. 7. Ethosomes - an innovative carrier for enhanced delivery into and across the skin: Original research article: Ethosomes - novel vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: characterization skin penetration properties, 2000. J Control Release 2014; 190:44-46. [PMID: 25356476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Shurlock B. Translational research and ‘blue skies’ mentality brings rewards. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:2197-8. [PMID: 25180043 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Bühler FR. Pathophysiology and clinical application of the renin system: early steps toward personalized medicine. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:996-9. [PMID: 25103927 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz R Bühler
- Faculty of Medicine, European Center of Pharmaceutical Medicine, ECPM, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Owen Sansom, Deputy Director of the Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, began his research career investigating the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis. Over the course of his work he has moved progressively into a more translational arena, and the current focus of his lab is to understand the signalling pathways underlying colorectal and pancreatic cancers. The Sansom lab uses mouse models to pinpoint how mutations that commonly occur in these frequently deadly cancers co-operate to promote tumorigenesis in vivo. This work has provided many important insights into the molecular changes associated with intestinal and pancreatic neoplasia and has revealed new targets for drug development. Here, Owen tells the stories behind some of his most exciting breakthroughs, describes the experiences and mentors that shaped his research interests and style of running a lab, and discusses the challenges of recapitulating the complexity of cancer as well as translating preclinical evidence to patient therapies.
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Kurtz TW. John Laragh: scientific pioneer. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1010. [PMID: 25103932 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Braunwald E. 2014 Association of American Physicians George M. Kober Medal. Introduction of Elizabeth G. Nabel. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2827-31. [PMID: 24983422 DOI: 10.1172/jci77276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mandorfer M. [MUW researcher of the month]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2014; 126:184-5. [PMID: 24639026 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-014-0543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Mandorfer
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinische Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich,
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Guimarães R. [Translational research: an interpretation]. Cien Saude Colet 2013; 18:1731-1744. [PMID: 23752539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational Research (TR) appears to be developing into the key health research issue of the beginning of this century. Initially proposed in the United States, TR is spread rapidly throughout both the developed and the developing world. This article discusses the main topics it covers, such as its definition and scope and the reasons why it has emerged in the USA and in this century. It examines the relationship between TR and the basic principles of US scientific policy established at the end of World War II. It sees the demands of a mighty pharmaceutical industry, currently facing a major crisis, linked to scientific genomic and post-genomic output impairments in terms of real innovative products and processes as being the explanation for US government intervention in biomedical research via the NIH. It realizes that it is not easy to predict the future of TR and suggests that it is not sustained by a solid conceptual and theoretical framework. It also discusses the opportunities and possibilities of TR in countries with nascent national innovative systems, such as Brazil. Lastly, it suggests that the existence of a universal health system can be an important tool to provide potential research answers tin health for the demands of innovation on the part of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Guimarães
- Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Química Fina, Biotecnologia e suas Especialidades (ABIFINA). Av. Churchill 129/1102, Centro. 20020-050 Rio de Janeiro RJ.
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Ericsson AC, Crim MJ, Franklin CL. A brief history of animal modeling. Mo Med 2013; 110:201-205. [PMID: 23829102 PMCID: PMC3979591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Comparative medicine is founded on the concept that other animal species share physiological, behavioral, or other characteristics with humans. Over 2,400 years ago it was recognized that by studying animals, we could learn much about ourselves. This technique has now developed to the point that animal models are employed in virtually all fields of biomedical research including, but not limited to, basic biology, immunology and infectious disease, oncology, and behavior.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Ancient
- Humans
- Models, Animal
- Translational Research, Biomedical/history
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Ericsson
- Mutant Mouse Regional Resource Center, Comparative Medicine Program, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, USA.
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Shetty P. Beate Kampmann: research advocate for children with tuberculosis. Lancet 2012; 379:1093. [PMID: 22444393 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Glimcher L. Breaking down barriers to clinical translation: an interview with Laurie Glimcher. Interview by Sarah Allan. Dis Model Mech 2012; 5:6-8. [PMID: 22228788 PMCID: PMC3255537 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.009191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Honey K. True dedication to clinical research: the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health receives the 2011 Mary Woodard Lasker Award for Public Service. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3778-81. [PMID: 22059238 DOI: 10.1172/jci60890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Abstract
The past decade has highlighted the central role of epigenetic processes in cancer causation, progression and treatment. Next-generation sequencing is providing a window for visualizing the human epigenome and how it is altered in cancer. This view provides many surprises, including linking epigenetic abnormalities to mutations in genes that control DNA methylation, the packaging and the function of DNA in chromatin, and metabolism. Epigenetic alterations are leading candidates for the development of specific markers for cancer detection, diagnosis and prognosis. The enzymatic processes that control the epigenome present new opportunities for deriving therapeutic strategies designed to reverse transcriptional abnormalities that are inherent to the cancer epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Baylin
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Peter A. Jones
- The USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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Proceedings of a conference convened as a tribute to the life, work, and influence of John Leigh, March 25-27. 2011, Buenos Aires, Brazil. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1233:1-334. [PMID: 22128389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Balkwill F. Translating science in more ways than one: an interview with Frances Balkwill. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:286-8. [PMID: 21555329 PMCID: PMC3097450 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Paulus W, Jellinger KA. Fifty years of Acta Neuropathologica: past, present, and future. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 121:569-70. [PMID: 21455687 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ho AD. Law, ethics, religion, and clinical translation in the 21st century--a conversation with Anthony D. Ho. Interview by Majlinda Lako, Alan O. Trounson, and Susan Daher. Stem Cells 2011; 29:387-8. [PMID: 21425401 DOI: 10.1002/stem.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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