201
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Corona SP, Generali D. Abemaciclib: a CDK4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:321-330. [PMID: 29497278 PMCID: PMC5818877 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s137783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although early breast cancer (BC) is highly curable, advanced or metastatic disease poses numerous challenges in terms of medical management and treatment decisions and is associated with significantly worse prognosis. Among the new targeted agents, anticancer drugs exploiting the cell-cycle machinery have shown great potential in preclinical studies. CDK4/6 inhibitors target the cyclin D/CDK/retinoblastoma signaling pathway, inducing cell-cycle arrest, reduced cell viability and tumor shrinking. As the cyclin D/CDK complex is activated downstream of estrogen signaling, the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with standard endocrine therapies represents a rational approach to elicit synergic antitumor activity in hormone receptor-positive BC. The results of clinical trials have indeed confirmed the superiority of the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapies over endocrine therapy alone. Currently approved are three compounds that exhibit similar structural characteristics as well as biological and clinical activities. Abemaciclib is the latest CDK4/6 inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in view of the results of the MONARCH 1 and 2 trials. Further trials are ongoing as other important questions await response. In this review, we focus on abemaciclib to examine preclinical and clinical results, describing current therapeutic indications, open questions and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paola Corona
- Radiation Oncology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Bentleigh East, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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202
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Choi EH, Yoon S, Kim KP. Combined Ectopic Expression of Homologous Recombination Factors Promotes Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1154-1165. [PMID: 29503196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR), which ensures accurate DNA replication and strand-break repair, is necessary to preserve embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal. However, little is known about how HR factors modulate ESC differentiation and replication stress-associated DNA breaks caused by unique cell-cycle progression. Here, we report that ESCs utilize Rad51-dependent HR to enhance viability and induce rapid proliferation through a replication-coupled pathway. In addition, ESC differentiation was shown to be enhanced by ectopic expression of a subset of recombinases. Abundant expression of HR proteins throughout the ESC cycle, but not during differentiation, facilitated immediate HR-mediated repair of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps incurred during S-phase, via a mechanism that does not perturb cellular progression. Intriguingly, combined ectopic expression of two recombinases, Rad51 and Rad52, resulted in efficient ESC differentiation and diminished cell death, indicating that HR factors promote cellular differentiation by repairing global DNA breaks induced by chromatin remodeling signals. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the role of key HR factors in rapid DNA break repair following chromosome duplication during self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Hwan Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Keun P Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
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203
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Kim M, Tang JP, Moon NS. An alternatively spliced form affecting the Marked Box domain of Drosophila E2F1 is required for proper cell cycle regulation. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007204. [PMID: 29420631 PMCID: PMC5821395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Across metazoans, cell cycle progression is regulated by E2F family transcription factors that can function as either transcriptional activators or repressors. For decades, the Drosophila E2F family has been viewed as a streamlined RB/E2F network, consisting of one activator (dE2F1) and one repressor (dE2F2). Here, we report that an uncharacterized isoform of dE2F1, hereon called dE2F1b, plays an important function during development and is functionally distinct from the widely-studied dE2F1 isoform, dE2F1a. dE2F1b contains an additional exon that inserts 16 amino acids to the evolutionarily conserved Marked Box domain. Analysis of de2f1b-specific mutants generated via CRISPR/Cas9 indicates that dE2F1b is a critical regulator of the cell cycle during development. This is particularly evident in endocycling salivary glands in which a tight control of dE2F1 activity is required. Interestingly, close examination of mitotic tissues such as eye and wing imaginal discs suggests that dE2F1b plays a repressive function as cells exit from the cell cycle. We also provide evidence demonstrating that dE2F1b differentially interacts with RBF1 and alters the recruitment of RBF1 and dE2F1 to promoters. Collectively, our data suggest that dE2F1b is a novel member of the E2F family, revealing a previously unappreciated complexity in the Drosophila RB/E2F network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Kim
- Department of Biology, Developmental Biology Research Initiative, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P. Tang
- Department of Biology, Developmental Biology Research Initiative, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nam-Sung Moon
- Department of Biology, Developmental Biology Research Initiative, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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204
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Wang SN, Wang LT, Sun DP, Chai CY, Hsi E, Kuo HT, Yokoyama KK, Hsu SH. Intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) upregulates E2F1 expression and related oncogenic activities in HCC. Oncotarget 2018; 7:36924-36939. [PMID: 27175585 PMCID: PMC5095049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestine-specific homeobox (ISX), a newly identified proto-oncogene, is involved in cell proliferation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms linking gene expression and tumor formation remain unclear. In this study, we found that ISX transcriptionally activated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and associated oncogenic activity by directly binding to the E2 site of its promoter. Forced expression of ISX increased the expression of and phosphorylated the serine residue at position 332 of E2F1, which may be translocated into the nucleus to form the E2F1–DP-1 complex, suggesting that the promotion of oncogenic activities of the ISX–E2F1 axis plays a critical role in hepatoma cells. Coexpression of ISX and E2F1 significantly promoted p53 and RB-mediated cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis, and repressed apoptosis and autophagy. In contrast, short hairpin RNAi-mediated attenuation of ISX and E2F1 decreased cell proliferation and malignant transformation, respectively, in hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA expression of E2F1 and ISX in 238 paired specimens from human HCC patients, and the adjacent, normal tissues exhibited a tumor-specific expression pattern which was highly correlated with disease pathogenesis, patient survival time, progression stage, and poor prognosis. Therefore, our results indicate that E2F1 is an important downstream gene of ISX in hepatoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Nien Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Ping Sun
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Tao Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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205
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Pérez-Morales J, Núñez-Marrero A, Santiago-Cardona PG. Immunohistochemical Detection of Retinoblastoma Protein Phosphorylation in Human Tumor Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1726:77-84. [PMID: 29468545 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7565-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is an important tumor suppressor and cell cycle repressor. pRb is a phosphoprotein whose function is regulated primarily at the level of phosphorylation, and therefore, detecting pRb's phosphorylation status in human tissue samples can be clinically informative. Unfortunately, detection of phosphorylated pRb residues can be technically challenging, as these residues can often be weak antigens. In this chapter, we describe an enhanced sensitivity immunohistochemistry protocol for the staining of phosphorylated serine 249 in pRb, in human lung tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaileene Pérez-Morales
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Divisions, Basic Science Department, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
| | - Angel Núñez-Marrero
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Divisions, Basic Science Department, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Pedro G Santiago-Cardona
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Divisions, Basic Science Department, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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206
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Wang T, Wang X, Zhou H, Jiang H, Mai K, He G. The Mitotic and Metabolic Effects of Phosphatidic Acid in the Primary Muscle Cells of Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:221. [PMID: 29780359 PMCID: PMC5946094 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for nutraceuticals and understanding the underlying mechanism that promote fish growth is at high demand for aquaculture industry. In this study, the modulatory effects of soy phosphatidic acids (PA) on cell proliferation, nutrient sensing, and metabolic pathways were systematically examined in primary muscle cells of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). PA was found to stimulate cell proliferation and promote G1/S phase transition through activation of target of rapamycin signaling pathway. The expression of myogenic regulatory factors, including myoD and follistatin, was upregulated, while that of myogenin and myostatin was downregulated by PA. Furthermore, PA increased intracellular free amino acid levels and enhanced protein synthesis, lipogenesis, and glycolysis, while suppressed amino acid degradation and lipolysis. PA also was found to increased cellular energy production through stimulated tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Our results identified PA as a potential nutraceutical that stimulates muscle cell proliferation and anabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Gen He,
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207
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Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb) is a preeminent tumor suppressor that acts as a cell cycle repressor, specifically as an inhibitor of the G1-S transition of the cell cycle . pRb is a phosphoprotein whose function is repressed by extensive phosphorylation in several key residues, and therefore, pRb's phosphorylation status has become a surrogate for pRb activity. In particular, hyperphosphorylation of pRb has been associated with pathological states such as cancer, and therefore, assessing pRb's phosphorylation status is increasingly gaining diagnostic and prognostic value, may be used to inform therapeutic decisions, and is also an important tool for the cancer biologists seeking an understanding of the molecular etiology of cancer. In this chapter, we discuss an immunoblot protocol to detect pRb phosphorylation in two residues, serine 612 and threonine 821, in protein extracts from cancer cells.
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208
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Sherr CJ, Sicinski P. The D-Type Cyclins: A Historical Perspective. D-TYPE CYCLINS AND CANCER 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64451-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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209
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Garcia-Alonso L, Iorio F, Matchan A, Fonseca N, Jaaks P, Peat G, Pignatelli M, Falcone F, Benes CH, Dunham I, Bignell G, McDade SS, Garnett MJ, Saez-Rodriguez J. Transcription Factor Activities Enhance Markers of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 78:769-780. [PMID: 29229604 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation induced by aberrant transcription factors (TF) is a key feature of cancer, but its global influence on drug sensitivity has not been examined. Here, we infer the transcriptional activity of 127 TFs through analysis of RNA-seq gene expression data newly generated for 448 cancer cell lines, combined with publicly available datasets to survey a total of 1,056 cancer cell lines and 9,250 primary tumors. Predicted TF activities are supported by their agreement with independent shRNA essentiality profiles and homozygous gene deletions, and recapitulate mutant-specific mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer. By analyzing cell line responses to 265 compounds, we uncovered numerous TFs whose activity interacts with anticancer drugs. Importantly, combining existing pharmacogenomic markers with TF activities often improves the stratification of cell lines in response to drug treatment. Our results, which can be queried freely at dorothea.opentargets.io, offer a broad foundation for discovering opportunities to refine personalized cancer therapies.Significance: Systematic analysis of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer cell lines and patient tumor specimens offers a publicly searchable foundation to discover new opportunities to refine personalized cancer therapies. Cancer Res; 78(3); 769-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Garcia-Alonso
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Iorio
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Matchan
- OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Fonseca
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Jaaks
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Peat
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Pignatelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiammetta Falcone
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Bignell
- OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom. .,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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210
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Abbas MN, Kausar S, Sun YX, Sun Y, Wang L, Qian C, Wei GQ, Zhu BJ, Liu CL. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of E2F transcription factor 4 from Antheraea pernyi. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:839-846. [PMID: 28436337 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The E2F transcription factor family is distributed widely in eukaryotes and has been well studied among mammals. In the present study, the E2F transcription factor 4 (E2F4) gene was isolated from fat bodies of Antheraea pernyi and sequenced. E2F4 comprised a 795 bp open reading frame encoding a deduced amino acid sequence of 264 amino acid residues. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (Transetta DE3), and anti-E2F4 antibodies were prepared. The deduced amino acid sequence displayed significant homology to an E2F4-like protein from Bombyx mori L. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that E2F4 expression was highest in the integument, followed by the fat body, silk glands, and haemocytes. The expression of E2F4 was upregulated in larvae challenged by bacterial (Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus), viral (nuclear polyhedrosis virus), and fungal (Beauveria bassiana) pathogens. These observations indicated that E2F4 is an inducible protein in the immune response of A. pernyi and probably in other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Abbas
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - S Kausar
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Y-X Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Y Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - L Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - C Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - G-Q Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - B-J Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - C-L Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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211
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Meyer P, Maity P, Burkovski A, Schwab J, Müssel C, Singh K, Ferreira FF, Krug L, Maier HJ, Wlaschek M, Wirth T, Kestler HA, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. A model of the onset of the senescence associated secretory phenotype after DNA damage induced senescence. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005741. [PMID: 29206223 PMCID: PMC5730191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues are exposed to stress from numerous sources. Senescence is a protective mechanism that prevents malignant tissue changes and constitutes a fundamental mechanism of aging. It can be accompanied by a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that causes chronic inflammation. We present a Boolean network model-based gene regulatory network of the SASP, incorporating published gene interaction data. The simulation results describe current biological knowledge. The model predicts different in-silico knockouts that prevent key SASP-mediators, IL-6 and IL-8, from getting activated upon DNA damage. The NF-κB Essential Modulator (NEMO) was the most promising in-silico knockout candidate and we were able to show its importance in the inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 following DNA-damage in murine dermal fibroblasts in-vitro. We strengthen the speculated regulator function of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the onset and maintenance of the SASP using in-silico and in-vitro approaches. We were able to mechanistically show, that DNA damage mediated SASP triggering of IL-6 and IL-8 is mainly relayed through NF-κB, giving access to possible therapy targets for SASP-accompanied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Meyer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Andre Burkovski
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University of Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Schwab
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University of Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Müssel
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Filipa F. Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Krug
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
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212
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Carr SM, Munro S, Sagum CA, Fedorov O, Bedford MT, La Thangue NB. Tudor-domain protein PHF20L1 reads lysine methylated retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:2139-2149. [PMID: 28841214 PMCID: PMC5686351 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (pRb) classically functions to regulate early cell cycle progression where it acts to enforce a number of checkpoints in response to cellular stress and DNA damage. Methylation at lysine (K) 810, which occurs within a critical CDK phosphorylation site and antagonises a CDK-dependent phosphorylation event at the neighbouring S807 residue, acts to hold pRb in the hypo-phosphorylated growth-suppressing state. This is mediated in part by the recruitment of the reader protein 53BP1 to di-methylated K810, which allows pRb activity to be effectively integrated with the DNA damage response. Here, we report the surprising observation that an additional methylation-dependent interaction occurs at K810, but rather than the di-methyl mark, it is selective for the mono-methyl K810 mark. Binding of the mono-methyl PHF20L1 reader to methylated pRb occurs on E2F target genes, where it acts to mediate an additional level of control by recruiting the MOF acetyltransferase complex to E2F target genes. Significantly, we find that the interplay between PHF20L1 and mono-methyl pRb is important for maintaining the integrity of a pRb-dependent G1-S-phase checkpoint. Our results highlight the distinct roles that methyl-lysine readers have in regulating the biological activity of pRb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Carr
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shonagh Munro
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Cari A Sagum
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium Oxford, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas B La Thangue
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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213
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In situ regeneration of retinal pigment epithelium by gene transfer of E2F2: a potential strategy for treatment of macular degenerations. Gene Ther 2017; 24:810-818. [PMID: 29188796 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) interacts closely with photoreceptors to maintain visual function. In degenerative diseases such as Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, RPE cell loss is followed by photoreceptor cell death. RPE cells can proliferate under certain conditions, suggesting an intrinsic regenerative potential, but so far this has not been utilised therapeutically. Here, we used E2F2 to induce RPE cell replication and thereby regeneration. In both young and old (2 and 18 month) wildtype mice, subretinal injection of non-integrating lentiviral vector expressing E2F2 resulted in 47% of examined RPE cells becoming BrdU positive. E2F2 induced an increase in RPE cell density of 17% compared with control vector-treated and 14% compared with untreated eyes. We also tested this approach in an inducible transgenic mouse model of RPE loss, generated through activation of diphtheria toxin-A gene. E2F2 expression resulted in a 10-fold increase in BrdU uptake and a 34% increase in central RPE cell density. Although in mice this localised rescue is insufficiently large to be demonstrable by electroretinography, a measure of massed retinal function, these results provide proof-of-concept for a strategy to induce in situ regeneration of RPE for the treatment of RPE degeneration.
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214
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Wendel SO, Wallace NA. Loss of Genome Fidelity: Beta HPVs and the DNA Damage Response. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2250. [PMID: 29187845 PMCID: PMC5694782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While the role of genus alpha human papillomaviruses in the tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers is well-established, the role of genus beta human papilloviruses (β-HPVs) in non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) is less certain. Persistent β-HPV infections cause NMSCs in sun-exposed skin of people with a rare genetic disorder, epidermodysplasia verruciformis. However, β-HPV infections in people without epidermodysplasia verruciformis are typically transient. Further, β-HPV gene expression is not necessary for tumor maintenance in the general population as on average there is fewer than one copy of the β-HPV genome per cell in NMSC tumor biopsies. Cell culture, epidemiological, and mouse model experiments support a role for β-HPV infections in the initiation of NMSCs through a "hit and run" mechanism. The virus is hypothesized to act as a cofactor, augmenting the genome destabilizing effects of UV. Supporting this idea, two β-HPV proteins (β-HPV E6 and E7) disrupt the cellular response to UV exposure and other genome destabilizing events by abrogating DNA repair and deregulating cell cycle progression. The aberrant damage response increases the likelihood of oncogenic mutations capable of driving tumorigenesis independent of a sustained β-HPV infection or continued viral protein expression. This review summarizes what is currently known about the deleterious effects of β-HPV on genome maintenance in the context of the virus's putative role in NMSC initiation.
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215
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Iwahori S, Kalejta RF. Phosphorylation of transcriptional regulators in the retinoblastoma protein pathway by UL97, the viral cyclin-dependent kinase encoded by human cytomegalovirus. Virology 2017; 512:95-103. [PMID: 28946006 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes a viral cyclin-dependent kinase (v-CDK), the UL97 protein. UL97 phosphorylates Rb, p107 and p130, thereby inactivating all three retinoblastoma (Rb) family members. Rb proteins function through regulating the activity of transcription factors to which they bind. Therefore, we examined whether the UL97-mediated regulation of the Rb tumor suppressors also extended to their binding partners. We observed that UL97 phosphorylates LIN52, a component of p107- and p130-assembled transcriptionally repressive DREAM complexes that control transcription during the G0/G1 phases, and the Rb-associated E2F3 protein that activates transcription through G1 and S phases. Intriguingly, we also identified FoxM1B, a transcriptional regulator during the S and G2 phases, as a UL97 substrate. This survey extends the influence of UL97 beyond simply the Rb proteins themselves to their binding partners, as well as past the G1/S transition into later stages of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Iwahori
- Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Robert F Kalejta
- Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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216
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DHRS2 inhibits cell growth and motility in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 37:1086-1094. [PMID: 29106393 PMCID: PMC5851108 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highly prevailing in Asia and it is ranked in the most aggressive squamous cell carcinomas. High-frequency loss of heterozygosity occurred in chromosome 14q11.2 in many tumors including ESCC, suggesting that one or more tumor-suppressor genes might exist within this region. In this study, we identified the tumor-suppressing role of DHRS2 (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, member 2) at 14q11.2 in ESCCs. Downregulation of DHRS2 occurred in 30.8% of primary ESCC tumor tissues vs paired non-tumorous tissues. DHRS2 downregulation was associated significantly with ESCC invasion, lymph nodes metastasis and clinical staging (P<0.001). Survival analysis revealed that DHRS2 downregulation was significantly associated with worse outcome of patients with ESCC. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that both DHRS2 variants could suppress cell proliferation and cell motility. Moreover, we demonstrated that DHRS2 could reduce reactive oxygen species and decrease nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized/reduced), increase p53 stability and decrease Rb phosphorylation; it also decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and matrix metalloproteinase 2. In summary, these findings demonstrated that DHRS2 had an important part in ESCC development and progression.
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217
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Shang A, Lu WY, Yang M, Zhou C, Zhang H, Cai ZX, Wang WW, Wang WX, Wu GQ. miR-9 induces cell arrest and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma via CDK 4/6 pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1754-1762. [PMID: 29073835 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1391825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer remains a major public concern with considerable socioeconomic impact in the world, especially in southeast Asia. Despite substantial advancements have been made in treating oral cancer, the five-year survival rate for OSCC remained undesirable, and 35-55% patients developed recurrence within two years even with multimodality therapeutic strategies. Hence, identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis and evaluating clinical outcome is of vital importance. MicroRNAs are 22-24 nt non-coding RNAs that could bind to 3' UTR of target mRNAs, thereby inducing degradation of mRNA or inhibiting translation. Due to its implication in regulation of post-transcriptional processes, the role of miRNAs in malignancies has been extensively studied, among which the discovery of functional miR-9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remained to be elucidated. We first demonstrated that miR-9 was down-regulated in 21 OSCC patients, and we further found that forced expression of miR-9 could result in deterred cell proliferation and decreased ability to migrate and form colonies. Flow cytometry displayed cell-cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase. We next used Targetscan to predict target genes of miR-9. CDK6, a protein highly implicated in cell cycle control, was chosen for verification. Down-regulation of CDK6 and Cyclin D1 in Tca8113 transfected with miR-9 mimics indicate that the complex formed by both proteins may be the effector of the antiproliferative function of miR-9 in OSCCs. Considering small molecules are developed to target CDK4/6, our finding may provide valuable scientific evidence for research and development of therapies and diagnostic methodology in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Shang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, , Tongji Hospital of Tongji University , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wen-Ying Lu
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
| | - Man Yang
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China.,d School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zheng-Xin Cai
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- e Department of Pathology , The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China.,f Department of Pathology , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wan-Xiang Wang
- g Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
| | - Gui-Qi Wu
- h Department of General Surgery , The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
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218
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Wang Z, Sun X, Bao Y, Mo J, Du H, Hu J, Zhang X. E2F1 silencing inhibits migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via regulating DDR1 expression. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1639-1650. [PMID: 29039472 PMCID: PMC5673022 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, knockdown of E2F1 impaired the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Further analysis showed that E2F1 knockdown decreased the expression of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) which plays a crucial role in many fundamental processes such as cell differentiation, adhesion, migration and invasion. Luciferase and ChIP assays confirmed that E2F1 silencing attenuated the expression of DDR1 through disrupting E2F1-mediated transcription of DDR1 in osteosarcoma cells. Similarly with the effect of E2F1 silencing, DDR1 knockdown weakened the migratory and invasive capabilities of osteosarcoma cells; while overexpression of DDR1 resulted in a significant increase of cell motility and invasiveness, even after knocking down E2F1. Interestingly, inactivation of E2F1/DDR1 pathway by shRNA weakened STAT3 signaling and subsequently suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells, as shown with decreased vimentin, MMP2, MMP9, and increased E-cadherin. Consistently, high expressions of E2F1 and DDR1 observed in osteosarcoma tissues were related to TNM stage and metastasis. In addition, high level of E2F1 or DDR1 was associated with poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. These results suggest that E2F1/DDR1/STAT3 pathway is critical for malignancy of osteosarcoma, which may provide a novel prognostic indicator or approach for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xianjie Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Bao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Juanfen Mo
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Hengchao Du
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Jichao Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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219
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Loo SK, Ab Hamid SS, Musa M, Wong KK. DNMT1 is associated with cell cycle and DNA replication gene sets in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:134-143. [PMID: 29137822 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is associated with the pathogenesis of various types of cancer. It has been previously shown that DNMT1 is frequently expressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), however its functions remain to be elucidated in the disease. In this study, we gene expression profiled (GEP) shRNA targeting DNMT1(shDNMT1)-treated germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL (GCB-DLBCL)-derived cell line (i.e. HT) compared with non-silencing shRNA (control shRNA)-treated HT cells. Independent gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) performed using GEPs of shRNA-treated HT cells and primary GCB-DLBCL cases derived from two publicly-available datasets (i.e. GSE10846 and GSE31312) produced three separate lists of enriched gene sets for each gene sets collection from Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Subsequent Venn analysis identified 268, 145 and six consensus gene sets from analyzing gene sets in C2 collection (curated gene sets), C5 sub-collection [gene sets from gene ontology (GO) biological process ontology] and Hallmark collection, respectively to be enriched in positive correlation with DNMT1 expression profiles in shRNA-treated HT cells, GSE10846 and GSE31312 datasets [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05]. Cell cycle progression and DNA replication were among the significantly enriched biological processes (FDR <0.05). Expression of genes involved in the activation of cell cycle and DNA replication (e.g. CDK1, CCNA2, E2F2, PCNA, RFC5 and POLD3) were highly correlated (r>0.8) with DNMT1 expression and significantly downregulated (log fold-change <-1.35; p<0.05) following DNMT1 silencing in HT cells. These results suggest the involvement of DNMT1 in the activation of cell cycle and DNA replication in DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Kee Loo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suzina Sheikh Ab Hamid
- Tissue Bank Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mustaffa Musa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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220
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Yu L, Ma X, Sun J, Tong J, Shi L, Sun L, Zhang J. Fluid shear stress induces osteoblast differentiation and arrests the cell cycle at the G0 phase via the ERK1/2 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8699-8708. [PMID: 28990082 PMCID: PMC5779962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that fluid shear stress (FSS) may promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells. However, proliferation and differentiation are mutually exclusive processes and are unlikely to be promoted by FSS simultaneously. Cell proliferation and differentiation induced by FSS has rarely been reported. In order to provide an insight into this process, the present study investigated the effects of FSS on osteoblast‑like MC3T3 cells in the G0/G1 phase, the period during which the fate of a cell is determined. The results of the present study demonstrated that FSS promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the mRNA expression and protein expression of osteocalcin, collagen type I and runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), while inhibiting DNA synthesis and arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. The increase in Runx2 and ALP activity was accompanied by the activation of calcium/calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase type II (CaMK II) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), which was completely abolished by treatment with KN93 and U0126, respectively. In addition, the inhibition of ERK1/2, although not CaMK II, decreased p21Cip/Kip activity, resulting in an increase in cell number and S phase re‑entry. The results of the present study indicated that in the G0/G1 phase, FSS promoted osteoblast differentiation via the CaMK II and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and blocked the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase via the ERK1/2 pathway only. The present findings provided an increased understanding of osteoblastic mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xingfeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Junqin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
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221
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Zhu Y, Gu J, Li Y, Peng C, Shi M, Wang X, Wei G, Ge O, Wang D, Zhang B, Wu J, Zhong Y, Shen B, Chen H. MiR-17-5p enhances pancreatic cancer proliferation by altering cell cycle profiles via disruption of RBL2/E2F4-repressing complexes. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:59-68. [PMID: 28987387 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The members of the miR-17-92 cluster are upregulated in various cancers and function as a cluster of oncogenic miRNA. Our study characterized a new function of miR-17-5p, a member of the miR-17-92 cluster, in regulating cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. Our results indicate that miR-17-5p was up-regulated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and directly targeted the retinoblastoma-like protein 2 (RBL2), a tumor suppressor belonging to the Rb family. High levels of miR-17-5p and low levels of RBL2 were associated with poor prognosis. RBL2 interacted with the transcription factor E2F4 and bound to the promoter regions of the E2F target genes. Disruption of the RBL2/E2F4 complex by miR-17-5p overexpression shifted the activity of E2F from gene repressing to gene activating, which induced cell cycle entry and proliferation. These results suggest that miR-17-5p promoted proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDAC), and altered cell cycle profiles in vivo and in vitro, by disrupting the RBL2/E2F4-associated gene repressing complexes via direct targeting of RBL2. The new regulatory network, involving miR-17-5p and RBL2, emerges as a new target of PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiangning Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG, Partner Institute of Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institute for Biological Science (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Minmin Shi
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuelong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG, Partner Institute of Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institute for Biological Science (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG, Partner Institute of Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institute for Biological Science (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
| | - Ouyang Ge
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité́-Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Eyes & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bosen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Sheldon LA. Inhibition of E2F1 activity and cell cycle progression by arsenic via retinoblastoma protein. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2058-2072. [PMID: 28880708 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1338221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cell cycle progression by steroid hormones and growth factors is important for maintaining normal cellular processes including development and cell proliferation. Deregulated progression through the G1/S and G2/M cell cycle transitions can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer. The transcription factor E2F1, a key cell cycle regulator, targets genes encoding proteins that regulate cell cycle progression through the G1/S transition as well as proteins important in DNA repair and apoptosis. E2F1 expression and activity is inhibited by inorganic arsenic (iAs) that has a dual role as a cancer therapeutic and as a toxin that leads to diseases including cancer. An understanding of what underlies this dichotomy will contribute to understanding how to use iAs as a more effective therapeutic and also how to treat cancers that iAs promotes. Here, we show that quiescent breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells treated with 17-β estradiol (E2) progress through the cell cycle, but few cells treated with E2 + iAs progress from G1 into S-phase due to a block in cell cycle progression. Our data support a model in which iAs inhibits the dissociation of E2F1 from the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma protein (pRB) due to changes in pRB phosphorylation which leads to decreased E2F1 transcriptional activity. These findings present an explanation for how iAs can disrupt cell cycle progression through E2F1-pRB and has implications for how iAs acts as a cancer therapeutic as well as how it may promote tumorigenesis through decreased DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A Sheldon
- a Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology , Hanover , NH , USA
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223
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Rivera-Carvantes MC, Jarero-Basulto JJ, Feria-Velasco AI, Beas-Zárate C, Navarro-Meza M, González-López MB, Gudiño-Cabrera G, García-Rodríguez JC. Changes in the expression level of MAPK pathway components induced by monosodium glutamate-administration produce neuronal death in the hippocampus from neonatal rats. Neuroscience 2017; 365:57-69. [PMID: 28954212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive Glutamate (Glu) release may trigger excitotoxic cellular death by the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that transduce extracellular signals to the cell nucleus, which determines the onset of a death program. One such signaling pathway is the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), which is involved in both survival and cell death. Experimental evidences from the use of specific inhibitors supports the participation of some MAPK pathway components in the excitotoxicity mechanism, but the complete process of this activation, which terminates in cell damage and death, is not clearly understood. The present work, we investigated the changes in the expression level of some MAPK-pathway components in hippocampal excitotoxic cell death in the neonatal rats using an experimental model of subcutaneous monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration on postnatal days (PD) 1, 3, 5 and 7. Data were collected at different ages through PD 14. Cell viability was evaluated using fluorescein diacetate mixed with propidium iodide (FDA-PI), and the Nissl-staining technique was used to evaluate histological damage. Transcriptional changes were also investigated in 98 components of the MAPK pathway that are associated with cell damage. These results are an evidence of that repetitive use of MSG, in neonatal rats, induces cell damage-associated transcriptional changes of MAPK components, that might reflect a differential stage of both biochemical and molecular brain maturation. This work also suggests that some of the proteins evaluated such as phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) protein, which was up-regulated, could regulate the response to excitotoxic through modulation of the process of re-entry into the cell cycle in the hippocampus of rats treated with MSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Catalina Rivera-Carvantes
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
| | - José Jaime Jarero-Basulto
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ignacio Feria-Velasco
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Carlos Beas-Zárate
- Regeneration and Neural Development Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Mónica Navarro-Meza
- Department of Health and Wellness, CUSur, University of Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzman, Jal., Mexico
| | - Mariana Berenice González-López
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Graciela Gudiño-Cabrera
- Regeneration and Neural Development Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
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Moody C. Mechanisms by which HPV Induces a Replication Competent Environment in Differentiating Keratinocytes. Viruses 2017; 9:v9090261. [PMID: 28925973 PMCID: PMC5618027 DOI: 10.3390/v9090261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical cancer and are also associated with other genital malignancies, as well as an increasing number of head and neck cancers. HPVs have evolved their life cycle to contend with the different cell states found in the stratified epithelium. Initial infection and viral genome maintenance occurs in the proliferating basal cells of the stratified epithelium, where cellular replication machinery is abundant. However, the productive phase of the viral life cycle, including productive replication, late gene expression and virion production, occurs upon epithelial differentiation, in cells that normally exit the cell cycle. This review outlines how HPV interfaces with specific cellular signaling pathways and factors to provide a replication-competent environment in differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Moody
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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225
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Husain N, Neyaz A. Human papillomavirus associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Controversies and new concepts. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2017; 7:198-205. [PMID: 29124000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a causative agent for an increasing subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. HPV 16 accounts for 90% of cases. The chance for malignant transformation due to infection with high-risk HPV is proportional to the expression of the viral oncogene products E6 and E7, which inactivate p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor functions. P16 is a surrogate marker of HPV associated HNSCC and 2+/3+ expression in more than 75% cells is diagnostic. Molecular demonstration of integrated virus by in situ hybridization is specific but has low sensitivity. HPV associated oropharyngeal carcinomas classically arise in the tonsillar crypts and commonly have basaloid morphology with a prominent lymphocytic repsonse and minimal despmoplastic reaction. In situ vs invasive carcinomas may be difficult to distinguish in histology. The HPV postitivity overrides traditional prognostic indicators such as tumour grade and histological subtype. Small cell morphology carries a poorer prognosis as does marked tumour anaplasia and multinucleation. Lymph node metastasis is extensive and frequently cystic however extranodal extension, laterality or nodal sizes do not carry prognostic implications as in conventional OSCC and OPSCC. Stage IV is reserved for distant metastasis. HPV-16-positive patients had significantly reduced overall and disease-specific mortality rates and an improved 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared to patients with HPV negative tumors. Surgical treatment is the main option for primary and secondary HNSCC. Targeted therapies including drugs targeting EGFR and PIK3CA and have shown some promising results. HPV pathway expressing tumors are less aggressive and may receive adequate curative intent therapy from a reduced radiation or chemotherapy dose revision. OSCC however fails to show a distinct difference between HPV associated and tobaccco associated cancer and prognostic differences do not clearly exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Azfar Neyaz
- Department of Pathology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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226
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Spriggs CC, Laimins LA. Human Papillomavirus and the DNA Damage Response: Exploiting Host Repair Pathways for Viral Replication. Viruses 2017; 9:E232. [PMID: 28820495 PMCID: PMC5580489 DOI: 10.3390/v9080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of cervical and other genital cancers. In addition, HPV infections are associated with the development of many oropharyngeal cancers. HPVs activate and repress a number of host cellular pathways to promote their viral life cycles, including those of the DNA damage response. High-risk HPVs activate the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) DNA damage repair pathways, which are essential for viral replication (particularly differentiation-dependent genome amplification). These DNA repair pathways are critical in maintaining host genomic integrity and stability and are often dysregulated or mutated in human cancers. Understanding how these pathways contribute to HPV replication and transformation may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of existing HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey C Spriggs
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Laimonis A Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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227
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Jiao Y, Ding L, Chu M, Wang T, Kang J, Zhao X, Li H, Chen X, Gao Z, Gao L, Wang Y. Effects of cancer-testis antigen, TFDP3, on cell cycle regulation and its mechanism in L-02 and HepG2 cell lines in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182781. [PMID: 28797103 PMCID: PMC5552311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TFDP3, also be known as HCA661, was one of the cancer-testis antigens, which only expressed in human tissues. The recent researches about TFDP3 mostly focused on its ability to control the drug resistance and apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the role of TFDP3 in the progress of the cell cycle is rarely involved. In this study, we examined the expression of TFDP3 in human liver tissues firstly. After that, we detect the expression of TFDP3 at the RNA level and protein level in L-02 cell line and HepG2 cell line, and the location of TFDP3 was defined by immunofluorescence technique. Furthermore, we synchronized the cells to G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase, and arrested cell mitosis. The localization of TFDP3 and co-localization with E2F1 molecules in different phases of hepatocyte lines. Finally, TFDP3 gene knockout was performed on L-02 and HepG2 cell lines, and detected the new cell cycles by flow cytometry. The result showed that the expression of TFDP3 molecule is negative in normal liver tissue, but positive in immortalized human hepatocyte cell line, and the expression level is lower than in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. The expression level of TFDP3 was in the dynamic change of L-02 and HepG2 cell lines, and was related to the phase transition. TFDP3 can bind to E2F1 molecule to form E2F/TFDP3 complex; and the localizations of TFDP3 and E2F1 molecules and the co-localization were different in different phases of cell cycle in the nucleus and cytoplasm, which indicated that the E2F/TFDP3 complex involved in the process of regulating the cell cycle. By knocking down the TFDP3 expression level in L-02 and HepG2 cell lines, the cell cycle would be arrested in S phase, which confirmed that TFDP3 can be a potential target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshen Jiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyu Ding
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MC); (YDW)
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Kang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zirui Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Likai Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuedan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MC); (YDW)
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228
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Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PA) represent the largest group of intracranial neoplasms and yet the molecular mechanisms driving this disease remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to use a high-throughput screening method to identify molecular pathways that may be playing a significant and consistent role in PA. RNA profiling using microarrays on eight local PAs identified the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway as a key canonical pathway downregulated in all PA types. This was confirmed by real-time PCR in 31 tumours. The AHR has been shown to regulate cell cycle progression in various cell types; however, its role in pituitary tissue has never been investigated. In order to validate the role of AHR in PA behaviour, further functional studies were undertaken. Over-expression of AHR in GH3 cells revealed a tumour suppressor potential independent of exogenous ligand activation by benzo α-pyrene (BαP). Cell cycle analysis and quantitative PCR of cell cycle regulator genes revealed that both unstimulated and BαP-stimulated AHR reduced E2F-driven transcription and altered expression of cell cycle regulator genes, thus increasing the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase and slowing the proliferation rate of GH3 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between AHR and retinoblastoma (Rb1) protein supporting this as a functional mechanism for the observed reduction. Endogenous Ahr reduction using silencing RNA confirmed the tumour suppressive function of the Ahr. These data support a mechanistic pathway for the putative tumour suppressive role of AHR specifically in PA, possibly through its role as a cell cycle co-regulator, even in the absence of exogenous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Formosa
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - J Borg
- Department of Applied Biomedical ScienceFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - J Vassallo
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of MedicineNeuroendocrine Clinic, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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229
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Calcium signaling and cell cycle: Progression or death. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:3-15. [PMID: 28801101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration levels fluctuate in an ordered manner along the cell cycle, in line with the fact that Ca2+ is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. Cell proliferation should be an error-free process, yet is endangered by mistakes. In fact, a complex network of proteins ensures that cell cycle does not progress until the previous phase has been successfully completed. Occasionally, errors occur during the cell cycle leading to cell cycle arrest. If the error is severe, and the cell cycle checkpoints work perfectly, this results into cellular demise by activation of apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death programs. Cancer is characterized by deregulated proliferation and resistance against cell death. Ca2+ is a central key to these phenomena as it modulates signaling pathways that control oncogenesis and cancer progression. Here, we discuss how Ca2+ participates in the exogenous and endogenous signals controlling cell proliferation, as well as in the mechanisms by which cells die if irreparable cell cycle damage occurs. Moreover, we summarize how Ca2+ homeostasis remodeling observed in cancer cells contributes to deregulated cell proliferation and resistance to cell death. Finally, we discuss the possibility to target specific components of Ca2+ signal pathways to obtain cytostatic or cytotoxic effects.
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230
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Formosa R, Vassallo J. The Complex Biology of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Its Role in the Pituitary Gland. Discov Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28634910 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor best known for its ability to mediate the effects of environmental toxins such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through the initiation of transcription of a number of metabolically active enzymes. Therefore, the AHR has been studied mostly in the context of xenobiotic signaling. However, several studies have shown that the AHR is constitutively active and plays an important role in general cell physiology, independently of its activity as a xenobiotic receptor and in the absence of exogenous ligands. Within the pituitary, activation of the AHR by environmental toxins has been implicated in disruption of gonadal development and fertility. Studies carried out predominantly in mouse models have revealed the detrimental influence of several environmental toxins on specific cell lineages of the pituitary tissue mediated by activation of AHR and its downstream effectors. Activation of AHR during fetal development adversely affected pituitary development while adult models exposed to AHR ligands demonstrated varying degrees of pituitary dysfunction. Such dysfunction may arise as a result of direct effects on pituitary cells or indirect effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review offers in-depth analysis of all aspects of AHR biology, with a particular focus on its role and activity within the adenohypophysis and specifically in pituitary tumorigenesis. A novel mechanism by which the AHR may play a direct role in pituitary cell proliferation and tumor formation is postulated. This review therefore attempts to cover all aspects of the AHR's role in the pituitary tissue, from fetal development to adult physiology and the pathophysiology underlying endocrine disruption and pituitary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Formosa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Msida, Malta
| | - Josanne Vassallo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Msida, Malta. .,Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.
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231
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Xie Y, Si J, Wang Y, Li H, Di C, Yan J, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. E2F is involved in radioresistance of carbon ion induced apoptosis via Bax/caspase 3 signal pathway in human hepatoma cell. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1312-1320. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Pei Wang
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
- Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Yan Li
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
- Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cui‐Xia Di
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
| | - Jun‐Fang Yan
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
- Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
- Gansu Wuwei Tumor HospitalWuweiChina
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232
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Liu X, Guo H, Wei Y, Cai C, Zhang B, Li J. TGF-β induces growth suppression in multiple myeloma MM.1S cells via E2F1. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1884-1888. [PMID: 28789423 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has an important role in multiple target genes and signaling pathways. The E2F family of transcription factors is a group of DNA-binding proteins that are involved in cell-cycle progression, and therefore have a key role in proliferation. The present study demonstrates that inhibition of cell growth by TGF-β occurs in the multiple myeloma cell line MM.1S. However, the growth-suppressive effects of TGF-β may be reversed by small interfering (si)RNA to reduce the expression of E2F1. TGF-β1 and E2F1 siRNA were manipulated in MM.1S cells to investigate the association between these genes. FACScan Flow Cytometer, western blot analysis and other methods were adopted to confirm such interrelation. The present data showed that TGF-β mediated growth suppression in MM.1S cells, while inducing E2F1 protein expression levels rapidly and transiently. The present data support the hypothesis that E2F1 is a central mediator of TGF-β-induced growth suppression in MM.1S cells and control of E2F1 may be a downstream event of TGF-β action, at least in one multiple myeloma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialei Liu
- Department of General Surgery 3, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Department of Hemodialysis, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Chaonong Cai
- Department of General Surgery 3, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Baimeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery 3, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery 3, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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233
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Lai Q, Giralt A, Le May C, Zhang L, Cariou B, Denechaud PD, Fajas L. E2F1 inhibits circulating cholesterol clearance by regulating Pcsk9 expression in the liver. JCI Insight 2017; 2:89729. [PMID: 28515357 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol accumulation in the liver is an early event in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we demonstrate that E2F1 plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis by regulating cholesterol uptake via proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9), an enzyme that promotes low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation upon activation. E2f1-/- mice display reduced total plasma cholesterol levels and increased cholesterol content in the liver. In this study, we show that E2f1 deletion in cellular and mouse models leads to a marked decrease in Pcsk9 expression and an increase in LDLR expression. In addition to the upregulation of LDLR, we report that E2f1-/- hepatocytes exhibit increased LDL uptake. ChIP-Seq and PCSK9 promoter reporter experiments confirmed that E2F1 binds to and transactivates the PCSK9 promoter. Interestingly, E2f1-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) display a fatty liver phenotype and liver fibrosis, which is reversed by reexpression of PCSK9 in the liver. Collectively, these data indicate that E2F1 regulates cholesterol uptake and that the loss of E2F1 leads to abnormal cholesterol accumulation in the liver and the development of fibrosis in response to an HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Giralt
- Department of Physiology.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Le May
- l'Institut du Thorax, Inserm UMR1087 - CNRS UMR6291, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Ludwig Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- l'Institut du Thorax, Inserm UMR1087 - CNRS UMR6291, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Damien Denechaud
- Department of Physiology.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Department of Physiology.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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234
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Chao G, Tian X, Zhang W, Ou X, Cong F, Song T. Blocking Smad2 signalling with loganin attenuates SW10 cell cycle arrest induced by TNF-α. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176965. [PMID: 28475649 PMCID: PMC5419568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of Schwann cells (SWCs) is very important in trauma-induced nerve repair, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) produced during tissue injury inhibits the viability of SWCs, which delays the repair of peripheral nerves. Loganin is an iridoid glycoside that has been shown to alleviate a variety of cytotoxic effects. In the current study, we evaluated the potential efficacy and the mechanism of action of loganin in TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity in SW10 cells. The experimental results indicated that loganin blocked TNF-α-mediated Smad2 activation, downregulated the expression of the G1 phase cell cycle inhibitor p15IN4KB, and upregulated the expression of the G1 phase cell cycle activator cyclin D1-CDK4/6, which upregulated E2F-1-dependent survivin expression and relieved TNF-α-induced apoptosis in SW10 cells. The protective effect of loganin on SWCs has potential medicinal value in the promotion of peripheral nerve repair and is significant for studies in the field of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Chao
- Department of Bone Microsurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoning Tian
- Department of Bone Microsurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Bone Microsurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuehai Ou
- Department of Bone Microsurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Department of Bone Microsurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Bone Microsurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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235
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Corazzari M, Gagliardi M, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Unfolded Protein Response, and Cancer Cell Fate. Front Oncol 2017; 7:78. [PMID: 28491820 PMCID: PMC5405076 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis results in a stress condition termed "ER stress" determining the activation of a finely regulated program defined as unfolded protein response (UPR) and whose primary aim is to restore this organelle's physiological activity. Several physiological and pathological stimuli deregulate normal ER activity causing UPR activation, such as hypoxia, glucose shortage, genome instability, and cytotoxic compounds administration. Some of these stimuli are frequently observed during uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cells, resulting in tumor core formation and stage progression. Therefore, it is not surprising that ER stress is usually induced during solid tumor development and stage progression, becoming an hallmark of such malignancies. Several UPR components are in fact deregulated in different tumor types, and accumulating data indicate their active involvement in tumor development/progression. However, although the UPR program is primarily a pro-survival process, sustained and/or prolonged stress may result in cell death induction. Therefore, understanding the mechanism(s) regulating the cell survival/death decision under ER stress condition may be crucial in order to specifically target tumor cells and possibly circumvent or overcome tumor resistance to therapies. In this review, we discuss the role played by the UPR program in tumor initiation, progression and resistance to therapy, highlighting the recent advances that have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the survival/death switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy.,Department Clinical Epidemiology and Translational Research, INMI-IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Gagliardi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department Clinical Epidemiology and Translational Research, INMI-IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department Clinical Epidemiology and Translational Research, INMI-IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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236
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Chen H, Xu X, Wang G, Zhang B, Wang G, Xin G, Liu J, Jiang Q, Zhang H, Zhang C. CDK4 protein is degraded by anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome in mitosis and reaccumulates in early G 1 phase to initiate a new cell cycle in HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10131-10141. [PMID: 28446612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4 regulates G1/S phase transition in the mammalian cell cycle by phosphorylating retinoblastoma family proteins. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of CDK4 activity is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDK4 protein is degraded by anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) during metaphase-anaphase transition in HeLa cells, whereas its main regulator, cyclin D1, remains intact but is sequestered in cytoplasm. CDK4 protein reaccumulates in the following G1 phase and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to facilitate the nuclear import of cyclin D1. Without CDK4, cyclin D1 cannot enter the nucleus. Point mutations that disrupt CDK4 and cyclin D1 interaction impair the nuclear import of cyclin D1 and the activity of CDK4. RNAi knockdown of CDK4 also induces cytoplasmic retention of cyclin D1 and G0/G1 phase arrest of the cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CDK4 protein is degraded in late mitosis and reaccumulates in the following G1 phase to facilitate the nuclear import of cyclin D1 for activation of CKD4 to initiate a new cell cycle in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Chen
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boyan Zhang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Wang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangwei Xin
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- the Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Qing Jiang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- the Cancer Research Center, Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,
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237
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Lv Y, Xiao J, Liu J, Xing F. E2F8 is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:1205-1213. [PMID: 28607595 PMCID: PMC5463435 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F transcriptional factors are widely expressed in a number of tissues and organs, possessing many regulatory functions related to cellular proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair, cell-cycle and cell apoptosis. E2F8 is a recently identified member of the E2F family with a duplicated DNA-binding domain feature discriminated from E2F1-6, controlling gene expression in a dimerization partner-independent manner. It is indispensable for angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and embryonic development. Although E2F8 and E2F7 perform complementary and overlapping functions in many cell metabolisms, E2F8, but not E2F7, overexpresses remarkably in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to facilitate the HCC occurrence and development via activating a E2F1/ Cyclin D1 signaling pathway to regulate the G1- to S-phase transition of cell cycle progression or transcriptionally suppressing CDK1 to induce hepatocyte polyploidization. It also involves closely a variety of cellular physiological functions and pathological processes, which may bring a new breakthrough for the treatment of certain diseases, especially the HCC. Here, we summarize the latest progress of E2F8 on its relevant functions and mechanisms as well as potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lv
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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238
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Smith EA, Kumar B, Komurov K, Smith SM, Brown NV, Zhao S, Kumar P, Teknos TN, Wells SI. DEK associates with tumor stage and outcome in HPV16 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23414-23426. [PMID: 28423581 PMCID: PMC5410314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are common, have poor outcomes, and comprise two biologically and clinically distinct diseases. While OPSCC that arise from human papillomavirus infections (HPV+) have better overall survival than their HPV- counterparts, the incidence of HPV+ OPSCC is increasing dramatically, affecting younger individuals which are often left with life-long co-morbidities from aggressive treatment. To identify patients which do poorly versus those who might benefit from milder regimens, risk-stratifying biomarkers are now needed within this population. One potential marker is the DEK oncoprotein, whose transcriptional upregulation in most malignancies is associated with chemotherapy resistance, advanced tumor stage, and worse outcomes. Herein, a retrospective case study was performed on DEK protein expression in therapy-naïve surgical resections from 194 OPSCC patients. We found that DEK was associated with advanced tumor stage, increased hazard of death, and interleukin IL6 expression in HPV16+ disease. Surprisingly, DEK levels in HPV16- OPSCC were not associated with advanced tumor stage or increased hazard of death. Overall, these findings mark HPV16- OPSCC as an exceptional malignancy were DEK expression does not correlate with outcome, and support the potential prognostic utility of DEK to identify aggressive HPV16+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Smith
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicole V. Brown
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Theodoros N. Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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239
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Na K, Li K, Sang T, Wu K, Wang Y, Wang X. Anticarcinogenic effects of water extract of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1541-1554. [PMID: 28358412 PMCID: PMC5403400 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) polysaccharides (GLPs) have been used as traditional Chinese medicine for cancer prevention for many years. However, the mechanism by which GLP exerts its chemopreventive activities remains elusive. In addition, it is unclear whether sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum water extract (BSGLWE), which contains mainly GLPs, has anticancer effects on colorectal cancer. The present study investigated the anticancer effects and potential mechanisms of BSGLWE on colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that BSGLWE significantly inhibited colorectal cancer HCT116 cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that BSGLWE disrupted cell cycle progression at G2/M phase via downregulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin A2, and upregulation of P21 at mRNA levels. Moreover, BSGLWE induced apoptosis by decreasing Bcl-2 and survivin at mRNA levels, and reduced Bcl-2, PARP, pro-caspase-3 and pro-caspase-9 at protein levels. Furthermore, BSGLWE suppressed tumor growth in vivo by regulating the expression of genes and proteins associated with cell cycle and apoptosis, which was further confirmed by a reduction of Ki67, PCNA, and Bcl-2 expression as determined by immunohistochemistry staining. NSAID activated gene-1 (NAG-1), a pro-apoptotic gene, was significantly upregulated in vivo and in vitro upon BSGLWE treatment at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the relative amounts of secreted NAG-1 in cell culture medium or serum of nude mice were all upregulated upon BSGLWE treatments, suggesting a role of NAG-1 in BSGLWE-induced anticolorectal cancer activity. This is the first study to show that BSGLWE inhibits colorectal cancer carcinogenesis through regulating genes responsible for cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis cascades. These findings indicate that BSGLWE possesses chemopreventive potential in colorectal cancer which may serve as a promising anticancer agent for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Na
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Kang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Sang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Kaikai Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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240
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Iwahori S, Umaña AC, VanDeusen HR, Kalejta RF. Human cytomegalovirus-encoded viral cyclin-dependent kinase (v-CDK) UL97 phosphorylates and inactivates the retinoblastoma protein-related p107 and p130 proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6583-6599. [PMID: 28289097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded viral cyclin-dependent kinase (v-CDK) UL97 phosphorylates the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor. Here, we identify the other Rb family members p107 and p130 as novel targets of UL97. UL97 phosphorylates p107 and p130 thereby inhibiting their ability to repress the E2F-responsive E2F1 promoter. As with Rb, this phosphorylation, and the rescue of E2F-responsive transcription, is dependent on the L1 LXCXE motif in UL97 and its interacting clefts on p107 and p130. Interestingly, UL97 does not induce the disruption of all p107-E2F or p130-E2F complexes, as it does to Rb-E2F complexes. UL97 strongly interacts with p107 but not Rb or p130. Thus the inhibitory mechanisms of UL97 for Rb family protein-mediated repression of E2F-responsive transcription appear to differ for each of the Rb family proteins. The immediate early 1 (IE1) protein of HCMV also rescues p107- and p130-mediated repression of E2F-responsive gene expression, but it does not induce their phosphorylation and does not disrupt p107-E2F or p130-E2F complexes. The unique regulation of Rb family proteins by HCMV UL97 and IE1 attests to the importance of modulating Rb family protein function in HCMV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Iwahori
- From the Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Angie C Umaña
- From the Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Halena R VanDeusen
- From the Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Robert F Kalejta
- From the Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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241
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Sherr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 21, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK 2100, Denmark
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242
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Zhang X, Liu D, Li M, Cao C, Wan D, Xi B, Li W, Tan J, Wang J, Wu Z, Ma D, Gao Q. Prognostic and therapeutic value of disruptor of telomeric silencing-1-like (DOT1L) expression in patients with ovarian cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:29. [PMID: 28114995 PMCID: PMC5259947 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetics has been known to play a critical role in regulating the malignant phenotype. This study was designed to examine the expression of DOT1L (histone 3 lysine 79 methyltransferase) and H3K79 methylation in normal ovarian tissues and ovarian tumors and to explore the function of DOT1L and its underline mechanisms in ovarian cancer. Methods The expression of DOT1L and H3K79 methylation in 250 ovarian tumor samples and 24 normal ovarian samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The effects of DOT1L on cell proliferation in vitro were evaluated using CCK8, colony formation and flow cytometry. The DOT1L-targeted genes were determined using chromatin immune-precipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) and ChIP-PCR. Gene expression levels were measured by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The effects of DOT1L on tumor growth in vivo were evaluated using an orthotopic ovarian tumor model. Results DOT1L expression and H3K79 methylation was significantly increased in malignant ovarian tumors. High DOT1L expression was associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histologic grade, and lymphatic metastasis. DOT1L was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of ovarian cancer, and higher DOT1L expression was associated with poorer OS and PFS. Furthermore, DOT1L regulates the transcription of G1 phase genes CDK6 and CCND3 through H3K79 dimethylation; therefore, blocking DOT1L could result in G1 arrest and thereby impede the cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions Our findings first demonstrate that DOT1L over-expression has important clinical significance in ovarian cancer and also clarify that it drives cell cycle progression through transcriptional regulation of CDK6 and CCND3 through H3K79 methylation, suggesting that DOT1L might be potential target for prognostic assessment and therapeutic intervention in ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0400-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchen Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Canhui Cao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyi Wan
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixin Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Tan
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongcai Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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243
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Kurayoshi K, Okuno J, Ozono E, Iwanaga R, Bradford AP, Kugawa K, Araki K, Ohtani K. The phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase pathway does not suppress activation of the ARF and BIM genes by deregulated E2F1 activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:784-790. [PMID: 27888102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F plays crucial roles in tumor suppression by activating pro-apoptotic genes such as the tumor suppressor ARF. The regulation of the ARF gene is distinct from that of growth-related E2F targets, in that it is specifically activated by deregulated E2F activity, induced by over-expression of E2F or forced inactivation of pRB, but not by physiological E2F activity induced by growth stimulation. The phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway was reported to suppress expression of some atypical pro-apoptotic genes by over-expressed E2F1. However, the effects of the PI3K pathway on the distinct regulation of typical pro-apoptotic E2F targets have not been elucidated. We examined whether the PI3K pathway suppressed activation of the typical pro-apoptotic E2F targets ARF and BIM. Activation of the PI3K pathway by growth stimulation or introduction of a constitutively active Akt/PKB did not reduce induction of ARF or BIM gene expression or activation of their promoters by over-expressed E2F1. These results suggest that the PI3K pathway does not suppress induction of typical pro-apoptotic genes that are selectively activated by deregulated E2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kurayoshi
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Junko Okuno
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Eiko Ozono
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ritsuko Iwanaga
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Kugawa
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Keigo Araki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohtani
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan.
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244
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Interchangeable Roles for E2F Transcriptional Repression by the Retinoblastoma Protein and p27KIP1-Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Regulation in Cell Cycle Control and Tumor Suppression. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00561-16. [PMID: 27821477 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00561-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian G1-S phase transition is controlled by the opposing forces of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and the retinoblastoma protein (pRB). Here, we present evidence for systems-level control of cell cycle arrest by pRB-E2F and p27-CDK regulation. By introducing a point mutant allele of pRB that is defective for E2F repression (Rb1G) into a p27KIP1 null background (Cdkn1b-/-), both E2F transcriptional repression and CDK regulation are compromised. These double-mutant Rb1G/G; Cdkn1b-/- mice are viable and phenocopy Rb1+/- mice in developing pituitary adenocarcinomas, even though neither single mutant strain is cancer prone. Combined loss of pRB-E2F transcriptional regulation and p27KIP1 leads to defective proliferative control in response to various types of DNA damage. In addition, Rb1G/G; Cdkn1b-/- fibroblasts immortalize faster in culture and more frequently than either single mutant genotype. Importantly, the synthetic DNA damage arrest defect caused by Rb1G/G; Cdkn1b-/- mutations is evident in the developing intermediate pituitary lobe where tumors ultimately arise. Our work identifies a unique relationship between pRB-E2F and p27-CDK control and offers in vivo evidence that pRB is capable of cell cycle control through E2F-independent effects.
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245
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Denechaud PD, Fajas L, Giralt A. E2F1, a Novel Regulator of Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:311. [PMID: 29176962 PMCID: PMC5686046 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past years, several lines of evidence have shown that cell cycle regulatory proteins also can modulate metabolic processes. The transcription factor E2F1 is a central player involved in cell cycle progression, DNA-damage response, and apoptosis. Its crucial role in the control of cell fate has been extensively studied and reviewed before; however, here, we focus on the participation of E2F1 in the regulation of metabolism. We summarize recent findings about the cell cycle-independent roles of E2F1 in various tissues that contribute to global metabolic homeostasis and highlight that E2F1 activity is increased during obesity. Finally, coming back to the pivotal role of E2F1 in cancer development, we discuss how E2F1 links cell cycle progression with different metabolic adaptations required for cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Giralt
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Albert Giralt,
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246
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Cyclin E Deregulation and Genomic Instability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1042:527-547. [PMID: 29357072 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precise replication of genetic material and its equal distribution to daughter cells are essential to maintain genome stability. In eukaryotes, chromosome replication and segregation are temporally uncoupled, occurring in distinct intervals of the cell cycle, S and M phases, respectively. Cyclin E accumulates at the G1/S transition, where it promotes S phase entry and progression by binding to and activating CDK2. Several lines of evidence from different models indicate that cyclin E/CDK2 deregulation causes replication stress in S phase and chromosome segregation errors in M phase, leading to genomic instability and cancer. In this chapter, we will discuss the main findings that link cyclin E/CDK2 deregulation to genomic instability and the molecular mechanisms by which cyclin E/CDK2 induces replication stress and chromosome aberrations during carcinogenesis.
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247
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Roles of pRB in the Regulation of Nucleosome and Chromatin Structures. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5959721. [PMID: 28101510 PMCID: PMC5215604 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5959721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma protein (pRB) interacts with E2F and other protein factors to play a pivotal role in regulating the expression of target genes that induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. pRB controls the local promoter activity and has the ability to change the structure of nucleosomes and/or chromosomes via histone modification, epigenetic changes, chromatin remodeling, and chromosome organization. Functional inactivation of pRB perturbs these cellular events and causes dysregulated cell growth and chromosome instability, which are hallmarks of cancer cells. The role of pRB in regulation of nucleosome/chromatin structures has been shown to link to tumor suppression. This review focuses on the ability of pRB to control nucleosome/chromatin structures via physical interactions with histone modifiers and chromatin factors and describes cancer therapies based on targeting these protein factors.
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248
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Zhang J, Tian M, Yan GX, Shodhan A, Miao W. E2fl1 is a meiosis-specific transcription factor in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila. Cell Cycle 2016; 16:123-135. [PMID: 27892792 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1259779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the E2F family of transcription factors have been reported to regulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle control, DNA replication, and DNA repair in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, E2FL1, a meiosis-specific E2F transcription factor gene, was identified in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Loss of this gene resulted in meiotic arrest prior to anaphase I. The cytological experiments revealed that the meiotic homologous pairing was not affected in the absence of E2FL1, but the paired homologous chromosomes did not separate and assumed a peculiar tandem arrangement. This is the first time that an E2F family member has been shown to regulate meiotic events. Moreover, BrdU incorporation showed that DSB processing during meiosis was abnormal upon the deletion of E2FL1. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that E2FL1 knockout decreased the expression of genes involved in DNA replication and DNA repair in T. thermophila, suggesting that the function of E2F is highly conserved in eukaryotes. In addition, E2FL1 deletion inhibited the expression of related homologous chromosome segregation genes in T. thermophila. The result may explain the meiotic arrest phenotype at anaphase I. Finally, by searching for E2F DNA-binding motifs in the entire T. thermophila genome, we identified 714 genes containing at least one E2F DNA-binding motif; of these, 235 downregulated represent putative E2FL1 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Tian
- a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,c Department of Chromosome Biology and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Guan-Xiong Yan
- a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Anura Shodhan
- c Department of Chromosome Biology and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Wei Miao
- a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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Boussaha M, Michot P, Letaief R, Hozé C, Fritz S, Grohs C, Esquerré D, Duchesne A, Philippe R, Blanquet V, Phocas F, Floriot S, Rocha D, Klopp C, Capitan A, Boichard D. Construction of a large collection of small genome variations in French dairy and beef breeds using whole-genome sequences. Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:87. [PMID: 27846802 PMCID: PMC5111192 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-016-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, several bovine genome sequencing projects were carried out with the aim of developing genomic tools to improve dairy and beef production efficiency and sustainability. Results In this study, we describe the first French cattle genome variation dataset obtained by sequencing 274 whole genomes representing several major dairy and beef breeds. This dataset contains over 28 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions and deletions. Comparisons between sequencing results and SNP array genotypes revealed a very high genotype concordance rate, which indicates the good quality of our data. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale catalog of small genomic variations in French dairy and beef cattle. This resource will contribute to the study of gene functions and population structure and also help to improve traits through genotype-guided selection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0268-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekki Boussaha
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pauline Michot
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Allice, Maison Nationale des Eleveurs, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Rabia Letaief
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Chris Hozé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Allice, Maison Nationale des Eleveurs, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Fritz
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Allice, Maison Nationale des Eleveurs, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Grohs
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Diane Esquerré
- GenPhySE, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Amandine Duchesne
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Romain Philippe
- GMA, INRA, Université de Limoges, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | | | - Florence Phocas
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Floriot
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Dominique Rocha
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Aurélien Capitan
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Allice, Maison Nationale des Eleveurs, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Anacker DC, Moody CA. Modulation of the DNA damage response during the life cycle of human papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2016; 231:41-49. [PMID: 27836727 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection. Infection with certain types of HPV pose a major public health risk as these types are associated with multiple human cancers, including cervical cancer, other anogenital malignancies and an increasing number of head and neck cancers. The HPV life cycle is closely tied to host cell differentiation with late viral events such as structural gene expression and viral genome amplification taking place in the upper layers of the stratified epithelium. The DNA damage response (DDR) is an elaborate signaling network of proteins that regulate the fidelity of replication by detecting, signaling and repairing DNA lesions. ATM and ATR are two kinases that are major regulators of DNA damage detection and repair. A multitude of studies indicate that activation of the ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) pathways are critical for HPV to productively replicate. This review outlines how HPV interfaces with the ATM- and ATR-dependent DNA damage responses throughout the viral life cycle to create an environment supportive of viral replication and how activation of these pathways could impact genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anacker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cary A Moody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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