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Hill CJ, Lynch DB, Murphy K, Ulaszewska M, Jeffery IB, O'Shea CA, Watkins C, Dempsey E, Mattivi F, Tuohy K, Ross RP, Ryan CA, O' Toole PW, Stanton C. Evolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET Cohort. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:4. [PMID: 28095889 PMCID: PMC5240274 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut is the most extensively studied niche of the human microbiome. The aim of this study was to characterise the initial gut microbiota development of a cohort of breastfed infants (n = 192) from 1 to 24 weeks of age. METHODS V4-V5 region 16S rRNA amplicon Illumina sequencing and, in parallel, bacteriological culture. The metabolomic profile of infant urine at 4 weeks of age was also examined by LC-MS. RESULTS Full-term (FT), spontaneous vaginally delivered (SVD) infants' microbiota remained stable at both phylum and genus levels during the 24-week period examined. FT Caesarean section (CS) infants displayed an increased faecal abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.01) and lower abundance of Actinobacteria (p < 0.001) after the first week of life compared to FT-SVD infants. FT-CS infants gradually progressed to harbouring a microbiota closely resembling FT-SVD (which remained stable) by week 8 of life, which was maintained at week 24. The gut microbiota of preterm (PT) infants displayed a significantly greater abundance of Proteobacteria compared to FT infants (p < 0.001) at week 1. Metabolomic analysis of urine at week 4 indicated PT-CS infants have a functionally different metabolite profile than FT (both CS and SVD) infants. Co-inertia analysis showed co-variation between the urine metabolome and the faecal microbiota of the infants. Tryptophan and tyrosine metabolic pathways, as well as fatty acid and bile acid metabolism, were found to be affected by delivery mode and gestational age. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that mode of delivery and gestational age both have significant effects on early neonatal microbiota composition. There is also a significant difference between the metabolite profile of FT and PT infants. Prolonged breastfeeding was shown to have a significant effect on the microbiota composition of FT-CS infants at 24 weeks of age, but interestingly not on that of FT-SVD infants. Twins had more similar microbiota to one another than between two random infants, reflecting the influence of similarities in both host genetics and the environment on the microbiota..
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian J Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Denise B Lynch
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiera Murphy
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Marynka Ulaszewska
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, Italy
| | - Ian B Jeffery
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carol Anne O'Shea
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Claire Watkins
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, Italy
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, Italy
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O' Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Abstract
In recent decades, probiotics have shown beneficial effects on animal and human health. Probiotics can protect the host against several health threats, including infectious diseases. Before 1995, researchers believed that the effect of probiotics was only on gut microbiota which can restore the gut flora and thus prevent pathogenic bacteria from triggering gastroenteritis. Recent studies have shown that the immunomodulatory activity is the most important mechanism of action of probiotics. From this information, researchers started to evaluate the effect of some immunobiotics, not only on pathogenic bacteria but also on viruses, including enteric and respiratory viruses. Several studies have confirmed the potential antiviral activity of some probiotics due to the immunomodulatory effect. These studies were conducted on humans (clinical trials) and in animal models. In this chapter, probiotics with antiviral effect against respiratory and enteric viruses will be presented and discussed, as well as their mechanisms of action.
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203
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Awasti N, Tomar SK, Pophaly SD, Poonam, Lule VK, Singh TP, Anand S. Probiotic and functional characterization of bifidobacteria of Indian human origin. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1021-32. [PMID: 26849092 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify and characterize the probiotic and functional attributes of bifidobacteria isolated from human sources by in vitro methods. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve isolates of bifidobacteria were obtained from different human sources viz; human milk, infant and adult faeces. The preliminary identification of isolates was done using genus-specific PCR followed by species level identification using 16S rRNA sequencing. All the isolates invariably showed potential probiotic characteristics. Finally, three most promising isolates were subjected to safety evaluation and were found to be safe. These were further evaluated for their potential functional characteristics like, antioxidative, antimutagenic and cholesterol assimilation. The isolates viz; NBIF-5 (73·55 ± 0·03%) and NBIF-7 (64·06 ± 0·03%) assimilated significantly higher cholesterol than NBIF-2. The maximum antioxidative activity was observed in NBIF-2 (56·56 ± 0·28% of radical inhibition). High percentage antimutagenicity scores of 52·41 ± 2·25% and 53·68 ± 1·98% against sodium azide (NaN3) were shown by NBIF-2 and NBIF-7 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Three strains (NBIF-2, NBIF-5 and NBIF-7) were found to be endowed with appreciable probiotic and functional activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY With growing demands for probioitcs and bifidobacteria being prominent ones, new strains of diversified origin have the potential to be explored for commercial and functional applications and thus can be added to the existing commercially available strains of this genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Awasti
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S K Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S D Pophaly
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Poonam
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - V K Lule
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - T P Singh
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S Anand
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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204
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A panorama of bacterial inulinases: Production, purification, characterization and industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:312-322. [PMID: 27932256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inulinases are important hydrolysing enzymes which specifically act on β-2, 1 linkages of inulin to produce fructose or fructooligosaccharides. Fungi, yeasts and bacteria are the potent microbial sources of inulinases. The data on bacterial inulinases is scarce as compared to other microbial sources. Inulinases yield from bacteria is very less as compared to fungal and yeast sources of inulinases. Submerged fermentation (SmF) is the method of choice for the production of inulinases from bacterial sources. Moreover, inulin is a potent substrate for the production of inulinases in SmF. Many bacterial inulinases have been reported to display magnificent environment abiding features and variability in their biophysical and biochemical properties. These properties have attracted intention of many researchers towards exploring adverse ecological niches for more distinctive inulinase producing bacterial strains. Inulinases are substantially important in current biotechnological era due to their numerous industrial applications. High fructose syrup and fructooligosaccharides are two major industrial applications of inulinases. Additionally, there are many reports on the production of various metabolites like citric acid, lactic acid, ethanol, biofuels, butanediol etc. using mixed cultures of inulinase producing organisms with other microorganisms. The present review mainly envisages inulinase producing bacterial sources, inulinase production, purification, characterization and their applications.
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205
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Casado Muñoz MDC, Benomar N, Lavilla Lerma L, Knapp CW, Gálvez A, Abriouel H. Biocide tolerance, phenotypic and molecular response of lactic acid bacteria isolated from naturally-fermented Aloreña table to different physico-chemical stresses. Food Microbiol 2016; 60:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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206
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Chan C, Hyslop CM, Shrivastava V, Ochoa A, Reimer RA, Huang C. Oligofructose as an adjunct in treatment of diabetes in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37627. [PMID: 27874076 PMCID: PMC5118692 DOI: 10.1038/srep37627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, restoration of normoglycemia can be achieved if the autoimmune attack on beta cells ceases and insulin requirement is met by the residual beta cells. We hypothesize that an adjunctive therapy that reduces insulin demand by increasing insulin sensitivity will improve the efficacy of an immunotherapy in reversing diabetes. We tested the gut microbiota-modulating prebiotic, oligofructose (OFS), as the adjunctive therapy. We treated non-obese diabetic mice with an immunotherapy, monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody (aCD3), with or without concurrent dietary supplement of OFS. After 8 weeks of OFS supplement, the group that received both aCD3 and OFS (aCD3 + OFS) had a higher diabetes remission rate than the group that received aCD3 alone. The aCD3 + OFS group had higher insulin sensitivity accompanied by reduced lymphocytic infiltrate into the pancreatic islets, higher beta-cell proliferation rate, higher pancreatic insulin content, and secreted more insulin in response to glucose. The addition of OFS also caused a change in gut microbiota, with a higher level of Bifidobacterium and lower Clostridium leptum. Hence, our results suggest that OFS can potentially be an effective therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of type 1 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, leading to improved glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Colin M Hyslop
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vipul Shrivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carol Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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207
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Cheng Y, Jin UH, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Jayaraman A, Tamamis P, Orr A, Allred C, Denison MS, Soshilov A, Weaver E, Safe S. Editor's Highlight: Microbial-Derived 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid and Related Compounds as Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists/Antagonists: Structure-Activity Relationships and Receptor Modeling. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:458-473. [PMID: 27837168 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1,4-DHNA) is a bacterial-derived metabolite that binds the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. The structure-dependent AhR activity of hydroxyl/carboxy-substituted naphthoic acids (NAs) was determined in young adult mouse colonic (YAMC) cells and human Caco2 colon cancer cells using CYP1A1/CYP1B1 mRNAs as Ah-responsive genes. Compounds used in this study include 1,4-, 3,5-, and 3,7-DHNA, 1,4-dimethoxy-2-naphthoic acid (1,4-DMNA), 1- and 4-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1-HNA, 4-HNA), 1- and 2-naphthoic acid (1-NA, 2-NA), and 1- and 2-naphthol (1-NOH, 2-NOH). 1,4-DHNA was the most potent compound among hydroxyl/carboxy naphthalene derivatives, and the fold induction response for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was similar to that observed for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in YAMC and Caco2 cells. 1- and 4-HNA were less potent than 1,4-DHNA but induced maximal (TCDD-like) response for CYP1B1 (both cell lines) and CYP1A1 (Caco2 cells). With the exception of 1- and 2-NA, all compounds significantly induced Cyp1b1 in YAMC cells and these responses were not observed in AhR-deficient YAMC cells generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In addition, we also observed that 1- and 2-NOH (and 1,4-DHNA) were weak AhR agonists, and 1- and 2-NOH also exhibited partial AhR antagonist activity. Structure-activity relationship studies for CYP1A1 but not CYP1B1 were similar in both cell lines, and CYP1A1 induction required one or both 1,4-dihydroxy substituents and activity was significantly enhanced by the 2-carboxyl group. We also used computational analysis to show that 1,4-DHNA and TCDD share similar interactions within the AhR binding pocket and differ primarily due to the negatively charged group of 1,4-DHNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology
| | | | | | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Asuka Orr
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Anatoly Soshilov
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Evelyn Weaver
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology
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208
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Gagnon M, Vimont A, Darveau A, Fliss I, Jean J. Study of the Ability of Bifidobacteria of Human Origin to Prevent and Treat Rotavirus Infection Using Colonic Cell and Mouse Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164512. [PMID: 27727323 PMCID: PMC5058500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among children worldwide. Despite effective vaccines, inexpensive alternatives such as probiotics are needed. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of probiotic candidate Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 to inhibit rotavirus infection. Bacterial adhesion to intestinal cells and interference with viral attachment were evaluated in vitro. B. thermophilum RBL67 displayed adhesion indexes of 625 ± 84 and 1958 ± 318 on Caco-2 and HT-29 cells respectively and was comparable or superior to four other bifidobacteria, including B. longum ATCC 15707 and B. pseudolongum ATCC 25526 strains. Incubation of B. thermophilum RBL67 for 30 min before (exclusion) and simultaneously (competition) with human rotavirus strain Wa decreased virus attachment by 2.0 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.1 log10 (by 99.0% and 96.8% respectively). Displacement of virus already present was negligible. In CD-1 suckling mice fed B. thermophilum RBL67 challenged with simian rotavirus SA-11, pre-infection feeding with RBL 67 was more effective than post-infection feeding, reducing the duration of diarrhea, limiting epithelial lesions, reducing viral replication in the intestine, accelerating recovery, and stimulating the humoral specific IgG and IgM response, without inducing any adverse effect. B. thermophilum RBL67 had little effect on intestinal IgA titer. These results suggest that humoral immunoglobulin might provide protection against the virus and that B. thermophilum RBL67 has potential as a probiotic able to inhibit rotavirus infection and ultimately reduce its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gagnon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Department of Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Allison Vimont
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Department of Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Darveau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ismaïl Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Department of Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Jean
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Department of Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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209
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Carlson J, Slavin J. Health benefits of fibre, prebiotics and probiotics: a review of intestinal health and related health claims. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2015.0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Carlson
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - J. Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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210
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Górska S, Dylus E, Rudawska A, Brzozowska E, Srutkova D, Schwarzer M, Razim A, Kozakova H, Gamian A. Immunoreactive Proteins of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCM 7952 and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCDM 372 Identified by Gnotobiotic Mono-Colonized Mice Sera, Immune Rabbit Sera and Non-immune Human Sera. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1537. [PMID: 27746766 PMCID: PMC5040718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bifidobacteria show great diversity in the cell surface architecture which may influence the physicochemical properties of the bacterial cell and strain specific properties. The immunomodulatory role of bifidobacteria has been extensively studied, however studies on the immunoreactivity of their protein molecules are very limited. Here, we compared six different methods of protein isolation and purification and we report identification of immunogenic and immunoreactive protein of two human Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum strains. We evaluated potential immunoreactive properties of proteins employing polyclonal sera obtained from germ free mouse, rabbit and human. The protein yield was isolation method-dependent and the reactivity of proteins detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was heterogeneous and varied between different serum samples. The proteins with the highest immunoreactivity were isolated, purified and have them sequenced. Among the immunoreactive proteins we identified enolase, aspartokinase, pyruvate kinase, DnaK (B. longum ssp. longum CCM 7952) and sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, phosphoglycerate kinase, peptidoglycan synthethase penicillin-binding protein 3, transaldolase, ribosomal proteins and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (B. longum ssp. longum CCDM 372).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Górska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Dylus
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Rudawska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzozowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Razim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
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211
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Arboleya S, Watkins C, Stanton C, Ross RP. Gut Bifidobacteria Populations in Human Health and Aging. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1204. [PMID: 27594848 PMCID: PMC4990546 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has increasingly been shown to have a vital role in various aspects of human health. Indeed, several studies have linked alterations in the gut microbiota with the development of different diseases. Among the vast gut bacterial community, Bifidobacterium is a genus which dominates the intestine of healthy breast-fed infants whereas in adulthood the levels are lower but relatively stable. The presence of different species of bifidobacteria changes with age, from childhood to old age. Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, and B. bifidum are generally dominant in infants, whereas B. catenulatum, B. adolescentis and, as well as B. longum are more prevalent in adults. Increasingly, evidence is accumulating which shows beneficial effects of supplementation with bifidobacteria for the improvement of human health conditions ranging from protection against infection to different extra- and intra-intestinal positive effects. Moreover, bifidobacteria have been associated with the production of a number of potentially health promoting metabolites including short chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and bacteriocins. The aim of this mini-review is to describe the bifidobacteria compositional changes associated with different stages in life, highlighting their beneficial role, as well as their presence or absence in many disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arboleya
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, FermoyCork, Ireland
| | - Claire Watkins
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, FermoyCork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, FermoyCork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, FermoyCork, Ireland; School of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College CorkCork, Ireland
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212
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Mao B, Li D, Ai C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6240-6247. [PMID: 27438677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon were investigated. After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. The luminal content was mostly dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, while the mucus was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased in the content, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (∼50%) in the mucus after high-lactulose treatment. At the genus level, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia were both significantly increased in the content, and Helicobacter was the most abundant in the mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunqing Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , 116034 Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University , 102488 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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213
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Ruiz L, Delgado S, Ruas-Madiedo P, Margolles A, Sánchez B. Proteinaceous Molecules Mediating Bifidobacterium-Host Interactions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1193. [PMID: 27536282 PMCID: PMC4971063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are commensal microoganisms found in the gastrointestinal tract. Several strains have been attributed beneficial traits at local and systemic levels, through pathogen exclusion or immune modulation, among other benefits. This has promoted a growing industrial and scientific interest in bifidobacteria as probiotic supplements. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this cross-talk with the human host remain unknown. High-throughput technologies, from functional genomics to transcriptomics, proteomics, and interactomics coupled to the development of both in vitro and in vivo models to study the dynamics of the intestinal microbiota and their effects on host cells, have eased the identification of key molecules in these interactions. Numerous secreted or surface-associated proteins or peptides have been identified as potential mediators of bifidobacteria-host interactions and molecular cross-talk, directly participating in sensing environmental factors, promoting intestinal colonization, or mediating a dialogue with mucosa-associated immune cells. On the other hand, bifidobacteria induce the production of proteins in the intestine, by epithelial or immune cells, and other gut bacteria, which are key elements in orchestrating interactions among bifidobacteria, gut microbiota, and host cells. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview on proteinaceous molecules described and characterized to date, as mediators of the dynamic interplay between bifidobacteria and the human host, providing a framework to identify knowledge gaps and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
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Kwak MJ, Kwon SK, Yoon JK, Song JY, Seo JG, Chung MJ, Kim JF. Evolutionary architecture of the infant-adapted group of Bifidobacterium species associated with the probiotic function. Syst Appl Microbiol 2016; 39:429-439. [PMID: 27524178 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria, often associated with the gastrointestinal tract of animals, are well known for their roles as probiotics. Among the dozens of Bifidobacterium species, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. breve, and B. longum are the ones most frequently isolated from the feces of infants and known to help the digestion of human milk oligosaccharides. To investigate the correlation between the metabolic properties of bifidobacteria and their phylogeny, we performed a phylogenomic analysis based on 452 core genes of forty-four completely sequenced Bifidobacterium species. Results show that a major evolutionary event leading to the clade of the infant-adapted species is linked to carbohydrate metabolism, but it is not the only factor responsible for the adaptation of bifidobacteria to the gut. The genome of B. longum subsp. infantis, a typical bifidobacterium in the gut of breast-fed infants, encodes proteins associated with several kinds of species-specific metabolic pathways, including urea metabolism and biosynthesis of riboflavin and lantibiotics. Our results demonstrate that these metabolic features, which are associated with the probiotic function of bifidobacteria, are species-specific and highly correlate with their phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kwak
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Kyeong Kwon
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Yoon
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Song
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., 50, Aegibong-ro 409 beon-gil, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Chung
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., 50, Aegibong-ro 409 beon-gil, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun F Kim
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Strategic Initiative for Microbiomes in Agriculture and Food, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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215
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Effect of prebiotic intake on gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:347. [PMID: 27456494 PMCID: PMC4960839 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributor to disease states. Patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1) have distinct gut microbiota in comparison to non-diabetic individuals, and it has been linked to changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation and insulin resistance. Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that alter gut microbiota and could potentially improve glycemic control in children with DM1. This pilot study aims to determine the feasibility of a 12-week dietary intervention with prebiotics in children with DM1. METHODS/DESIGN This pilot study is a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in children aged 8 to 17 years with DM1 for at least one year. Participants will be randomized to receive either placebo (maltodextrin 3.3 g orally/day) or prebiotics (oligofructose-enriched inulin 8 g orally/day; Synergy1, Beneo, Mannheim, Germany). Measures to be assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months include: anthropometric measures, insulin doses/regimens, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis, frequency of severe hypoglycemia, average number of episodes of hypoglycemia per week, serum C-peptide, HbA1c, serum inflammatory markers (IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-10), GLP-1 and GLP-2, intestinal permeability using urine assessment after ingestion of lactulose, mannitol and 3-O-methylglucose, and stool sample collection for gut microbiota profiling. DISCUSSION This is a novel pilot study designed to test feasibility for a fully powered study. We hypothesize that consumption of prebiotics will alter gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, leading to improved glycemic control. Prebiotics are a potentially novel, inexpensive, low-risk treatment addition for DM1 that may improve glycemic control by changes in gut microbiota, gut permeability and inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02442544 . Registered on 10 March 2015.
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216
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Bifidobacteria-Insight into clinical outcomes and mechanisms of its probiotic action. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:159-171. [PMID: 27664734 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of pathogens causes a disruption of the gut homeostasis. Innate immune responses and those triggered by endogenous microbiota form the first line of defence in our body. Pathogens often successfully overcome the resistances offered, calling for therapeutic intervention. Conventional strategy involving antibiotics might eradicate pathogens, but often leave the gut uncolonised and susceptible to recurrences. Probiotic supplements are useful alternatives. Bifidobacterium is one of widely studied probiotic genus, effective in restoring gut homeostasis. Mechanisms of probiotic action of bifidobacteria are several, often with strain-specificity. Analysis of streamlined literature reports reveal that although most studies report the probiotic aspect of bifidobacteria, sporadic documented contradictory results exist, challenging its therapeutic application and prompting studies to unambiguously establish the strain-associated probiotic activity and negate adverse effects prior to its clinical administration. Multi-strain/combinatorial therapy possibly relies on a combination of underlying operating mechanisms, each contributing towards enhanced probiotic efficacy, understanding which could help in developing customised formulations against targeted pathogens. Bifidogenic activity is also mediated by surface-associated structural components such as exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids along with metabolites and bifidocins. This highlights scope for developing advanced structural therapeutic strategy which might be pivotal in replacing intact cell probiotics therapy.
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217
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O'Callaghan A, van Sinderen D. Bifidobacteria and Their Role as Members of the Human Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:925. [PMID: 27379055 PMCID: PMC4908950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are among the first microbes to colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and are believed to exert positive health benefits on their host. Due to their purported health-promoting properties, bifidobacteria have been incorporated into many functional foods as active ingredients. Bifidobacteria naturally occur in a range of ecological niches that are either directly or indirectly connected to the animal gastrointestinal tract, such as the human oral cavity, the insect gut and sewage. To be able to survive in these particular ecological niches, bifidobacteria must possess specific adaptations to be competitive. Determination of genome sequences has revealed genetic attributes that may explain bifidobacterial ecological fitness, such as metabolic abilities, evasion of the host adaptive immune system and colonization of the host through specific appendages. However, genetic modification is crucial toward fully elucidating the mechanisms by which bifidobacteria exert their adaptive abilities and beneficial properties. In this review we provide an up to date summary of the general features of bifidobacteria, whilst paying particular attention to the metabolic abilities of this species. We also describe methods that have allowed successful genetic manipulation of bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy O'Callaghan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and School of Microbiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and School of Microbiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
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218
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Ávila-Fernández Á, Cuevas-Juárez E, Rodríguez-Alegría M, Olvera C, López-Munguía A. Functional characterization of a novel β-fructofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium longum
subsp. infantis
ATCC 15697 on structurally diverse fructans. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:263-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Á. Ávila-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación; DACS-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco; Tabasco México
| | - E. Cuevas-Juárez
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - M.E. Rodríguez-Alegría
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - C. Olvera
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - A. López-Munguía
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos México
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Martín R, Laval L, Chain F, Miquel S, Natividad J, Cherbuy C, Sokol H, Verdu EF, van Hylckama Vlieg J, Bermudez-Humaran LG, Smokvina T, Langella P. Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 Restores Gut Barrier Permeability in Chronically Low-Grade Inflamed Mice. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:608. [PMID: 27199937 PMCID: PMC4858658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the efficacy of many probiotic strains in the management of gastrointestinal disorders associated with deregulated intestinal barrier function and/or structure. In particular, bifidobacteria have been studied for their efficacy to both prevent and treat a broad spectrum of animal and/or human gut disorders. The aim of the current work was thus to evaluate effects on intestinal barrier function of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494, a strain used in fermented dairy products. A chronic dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced low-grade inflammation model causing gut dysfunction in mice was used in order to study markers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, and immune function in the presence of the bacterial strain. In this chronic low-grade inflammation mice model several parameters pointed out the absence of an over active inflammation process. However, gut permeability, lymphocyte populations, and colonic cytokines were found to be altered. B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 was able to protect barrier functions by restoring intestinal permeability, colonic goblet cell populations, and cytokine levels. Furthermore, tight junction (TJ) proteins levels were also measured by qRT-PCR showing the ability of this strain to specifically normalize the level of several TJ proteins, in particular for claudin-4. Finally, B. lactis strain counterbalanced CD4+ lymphocyte alterations in both spleen and mesenteric lymphoid nodes. It restores the Th1/Th2 ratio altered by the DNBS challenge (which locally augments CD4+ Th1 cells) by increasing the Th2 response as measured by the increase in the production of major representative Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10). Altogether, these data suggest that B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 may efficiently prevent disorders associated with increased barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laure Laval
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France; Danone Nutricia ResearchPalaiseau, France
| | - Florian Chain
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Miquel
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jane Natividad
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France; ERL INSERM U 1057/UMR7203, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France; Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisParis, France
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luis G Bermudez-Humaran
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Jäsberg H, Söderling E, Endo A, Beighton D, Haukioja A. Bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis but not of Streptococcus mutans in an in vitro biofilm model. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:251-8. [PMID: 27061393 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of probiotic bifidobacteria for enhancement of the therapy, and in the prevention, of oral microbial diseases. However, the results of clinical studies assessing the effects of bifidobacteria on the oral microbiota are controversial, and the mechanisms of actions of probiotics in the oral cavity remain largely unknown. In addition, very little is known about the role of commensal bifidobacteria in oral health. Our aim was to study the integration of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 and of oral Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium longum isolates in supragingival and subgingival biofilm models and their effects on other bacteria in biofilms in vitro using two different in vitro biofilms and agar-overlay assays. All bifidobacteria integrated well into the subgingival biofilms composed of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum and decreased significantly only the number of P. gingivalis in the biofilms. The integration of bifidobacteria into the supragingival biofilms containing Streptococcus mutans and A. naeslundii was less efficient, and bifidobacteria did not affect the number of S. mutans in biofilms. Therefore, our results suggest that bifidobacteria may have a positive effect on subgingival biofilm and thereby potential in enhancing gingival health; however, their effect on supragingival biofilm may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Jäsberg
- Finnish Doctoral Program in Oral Sciences (FINDOS Turku), Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Cariology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Akihito Endo
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anna Haukioja
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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221
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Singh V, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M. Gut microbiome as a novel cardiovascular therapeutic target. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 27:8-12. [PMID: 26828626 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, our understanding of gut microbiotal composition and its association with intra-intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases including risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) namely metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, have been increased exponentially. A pertinent question which often arises in researchers' community is on how to manipulate the gut microbial ecology to 'cure' the cardiovascular risk factors. Accordingly, in this review we summarized the potential strategies, based on our current knowledge on gut microbiota in modulating CVD, how gut microbiota can be therapeutically exploited by targeting their metabolic activity to alleviate the risk factors of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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222
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Vlasova AN, Kandasamy S, Chattha KS, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ. Comparison of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria effects, immune responses and rotavirus vaccines and infection in different host species. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 172:72-84. [PMID: 26809484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera possess significant and widely acknowledged health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties. They also provide an affordable means for prevention and treatment of various infectious, allergic and inflammatory conditions as demonstrated in numerous human and animal studies. Despite the ample evidence of protective effects of these probiotics against rotavirus (RV) infection and disease, the precise immune mechanisms of this protection remain largely undefined, because of limited mechanistic research possible in humans and investigated in the majority of animal models. Additionally, while most human clinical probiotic trials are well-standardized using the same strains, uniform dosages, regimens of the probiotic treatments and similar host age, animal studies often lack standardization, have variable experimental designs, and non-uniform and sometime limited selection of experimental variables or observational parameters. This review presents selected data on different probiotic strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and summarizes the knowledge of their immunomodulatory properties and the associated protection against RV disease in diverse host species including neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Sukumar Kandasamy
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Kuldeep S Chattha
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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223
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Cui SM, Zhao JX, Liu XM, Chen YQ, Zhang H, Chen W. Maximum-biomass concentration prediction for Bifidobacteria in the pH-controlled fed-batch culture. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 62:256-63. [PMID: 26678246 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our objective was to systematically study the relationship between maximum biomass concentration of different Bifidobacteria and total-acid anions accumulation, and develop a prediction equation for the maximum biomass concentration in the fed-batch culture at pH-controlled 7·0. The accumulation of acid anions and the consumption of nutrients of various strains were evaluated. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of acid anions on a range of strains were examined at pH 7·0. The inhibition of acid anions, which had the same MIC as sodium chloride, was due to the osmotic pressure under pH 7·0 conditions. Moreover, the concentration of total-acid anions completely inhibiting each strain in the fed-batch culture at pH-controlled 7·0 had no significant differences with the MIC of acid anions for the corresponding strains. The osmotic pressures under two conditions were not significantly different. Finally, the maximum biomass concentration of Bifidobacteria was found to be closely related to biomass yield per unit of acid anion produced (YX/P ) and MIC (C) which were needed for the prediction, and different strains exhibited marked correlation (P ˂ 0·01, R = 0·985). An equation for the prediction of the maximum biomass concentration was developed as follows: Xmax -X0 = (0·71 ± 0·03)·YX/P ·C. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides further insights into the inhibition of Bifidobacteria by dissociated acid anions (the dissociated form) at pH 7·0. The high correlation between different strains suggested that the equation established in this paper is appropriate for different strains of Bifidobacteria. The prediction equation could be used to guide practical production in the preparation of materials, the control of the end of fermentation and production plans for further products such as freeze-dried powder of Bifidobacteria or food fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - J X Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - X M Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Y Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - W Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
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224
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Mudroňová D. Flow cytometry as an auxiliary tool for the selection of probiotic bacteria. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:727-34. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Selection of appropriate bacterial strains is crucial for development of new probiotic preparations. The fundamental prerequisite for potential efficacy of a probiotic preparation for oral application is the selection of appropriate bacterial strains with good gastrointestinal colonisation abilities, antimicrobial activity, and tolerance of conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, resistance to different antimicrobial agents, survival during processing and storage. The strain should be genetically stable, it should have good growth properties, to maintain its high viability at processing and when in storage. Mostly, the properties of promising strains are tested in the first phase in vitro, and only the best ones undergo subsequent in vivo testing. in vitro tests are often performed by classical microbiological cultivation methods which are material and time consuming, and they are not able to distinguish between ‘viable but nonculturable’ and dead bacteria. Flow cytometry is usually used for counting, phenotyping or functional characterisation of immune cells. Nowadays, flow cytometry is increasingly used in microbiology for counting bacteria, determining their viability and metabolic activity, detecting specific strains or testing their adherence abilities. The utilisation of flow cytometry in combination with an appropriate fluorescent labelling represents an effective and rapid method for the selection of probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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225
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Liu Y, Yu Y, Duan W, Qu Q, Zhang Q, Zhao M, Zhu Q. Home storage significantly impairs Bifidobacteria survival in powered formula for infants and young children in the Chinese market. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Food Products (Shanghai); Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Yi Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Food Products (Shanghai); Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Wenfeng Duan
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Food Products (Shanghai); Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Qinfeng Qu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Food Products (Shanghai); Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Qingping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Food Products (Shanghai); Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Food Products (Shanghai); Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences; University at Buffalo; State University of New York; New York NY 14260 USA
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Vieira AT, Galvão I, Amaral FA, Teixeira MM, Nicoli JR, Martins FS. Oral treatment with Bifidobacterium longum 51A reduced inflammation in a murine experimental model of gout. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:799-806. [PMID: 26322542 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gout is an acute inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of uric acid crystals in the joint. This event promotes neutrophil infiltration and activation that leads to tissue damage. We investigated here whether the oral administration of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum 5(1A) (BL) could ameliorate monosodium urate crystal (MSU)-induced inflammation in a murine model of gout. Mice received oral administration of BL or saline daily for 7 days and then were injected with MSU in the knee cavity. Treatment with BL significantly alleviated the inflammatory parameters, as seen by reduced hypernociception, reduced neutrophil accumulation in the joint and myeloperoxidase activity in periarticular tissue. There was inhibition of the production of CXCL1 and interleukin(IL)-1β in joints. Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were significantly higher in the knee tissue of mice treated with than control mice injected with MSU. In conclusion, oral BL treatment reduced the inflammatory response in an experimental murine model of gout, suggesting it may be useful as an adjuvant treatment in patients with gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Vieira
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, C.P. 486, Pampulha-Campus UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - I Galvão
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - F A Amaral
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M M Teixeira
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - J R Nicoli
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, C.P. 486, Pampulha-Campus UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - F S Martins
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, C.P. 486, Pampulha-Campus UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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227
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Patten D, Laws A. Lactobacillus-produced exopolysaccharides and their potential health benefits: a review. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:457-71. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria, such as those of the Lactobacillus genus, naturally reside within the microbiota of the human body and have long been used as starter cultures and probiotic enhancers in fermented foods, such as fermented drinks, yoghurts and cheeses. Many of the beneficial qualities of these bacteria have traditionally been associated with the bacteria themselves, however, a recent spate of studies have demonstrated a wide variety of biological effects exhibited by lactobacilli-produced exopolysaccharides which could, theoretically, confer a range of local and systemic health benefits upon the host. In this review, we discuss the production of exopolysaccharides within the Lactobacillus genus and explore their potential as beneficial bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Patten
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A.P. Laws
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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228
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Nakamura Y, Terahara M, Iwamoto T, Yamada K, Asano M, Kakuta S, Iwakura Y, Totsuka M. Upregulation of Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Expression by the Heat-Inactivated Potential Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 in a Mouse Intestinal Explant Model. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:176-83. [PMID: 21967771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether a potential probiotic bacterium, Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 (BB6378), exerts beneficial effects on the mucosal immune system in a mouse intestinal explant model. The addition of heat-inactivated BB6378 to intestinal explants prepared from embryonic day 18 BALB/c mice increased the expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) mRNA by two- to fivefold. These effects were observed on ileal and colonic explants but not on jejunal explants, suggesting that the BB6378-induced pIgR upregulation is site-specific within the mouse intestine. The upregulation of pIgR protein expression in colonic explants was also detected after 24 h of culture. The results of DNA microarray analysis of ileal and colonic samples indicated that BB6378 increased the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β, and IL-1α content in colonic explants was significantly increased after 20 h of culture with BB6378. We then examined the involvement of endogenously induced IL-1α in pIgR mRNA upregulation by using IL-1α knockout (KO) mice. Contrary to our expectations, pIgR mRNA expression was equally upregulated by BB6378 in colonic explants from BALB/c and IL-1α KO mice. Conversely, we examined the involvement of Toll-like receptors in pIgR mRNA upregulation by using MyD88 KO mice. The upregulation of pIgR was completely suppressed in the explants derived from MyD88 KO mice. Taken together, we conclude that in a mouse intestinal explant model, the heat-inactivated potential probiotic BB6378 increases intestinal pIgR expression in a site-specific manner and that the upregulation of pIgR could be explained by a direct microbial effect on the epithelium via Toll-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakamura
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Terahara
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Iwamoto
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Yamada
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Asano
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Kakuta
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Iwakura
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Totsuka
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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229
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The Host Genotype and Environment Affect Strain Types of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Inhabiting the Intestinal Tracts of Twins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4774-81. [PMID: 25956768 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00249-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influences of host genotype and environment on Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum inhabiting human intestines at the strain level, six pairs of twins, divided into two groups (children and adults), were recruited. Each group consisted of two monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and one dizygotic (DZ) twin pair. Child twins had been living together from birth, while adult twins had been living separately for 5 to 10 years. A total of 345 B. longum subsp. longum isolates obtained from 60 fecal samples from these twins were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and 35 sequence types (STs) were finally acquired. Comparison of strains within and between the twin pairs showed that no strains with identical STs were observed between unrelated individuals or within adult DZ twin pairs. Eight STs were found to be monophyletic, existing within MZ twins and child DZ twins. The similarity of strain types within child cotwins was significantly higher than that within adult cotwins, which indicated that environment was one of the important determinants in B. longum subsp. longum strain types inhabiting human intestines. However, although these differences between MZ and DZ twins were observed, it is still difficult to reach an exact conclusion about the impact of host genotype. This is mainly because of the limited number of subjects tested in the present study and the lack of strain types tracing in the same twin pairs from birth until adulthood.
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230
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Production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance by Bifidobacterium lactis in skim milk supplemented with additives. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:350-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are natural compounds used as food biopreservatives instead of chemical preservatives. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bifid. lactis) was shown to produce a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) able to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes selected as an indicator microorganism. To enhance this production by the strain Bifid. lactis BL 04, skim milk (SM) was used as a fermentation medium either in the presence or in the absence of yeast extract, Tween 80 or inulin as stimulating additives, and the results in terms of bacterial growth and BLIS production were compared with those obtained in a traditional high cost complex medium such as Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS). To this purpose, all the cultivations were carried out in flasks at 200 rpm under anaerobic conditions ensured by a nitrogen flowrate of 1·0 L/min for 48 h, and BLIS production was quantified by means of a modified agar diffusion assay at low values of both temperature and concentration of List. monocytogenes. Although all these ingredients were shown to exert positive influence on BLIS production in both media, yeast extract and SM were by far the best ingredient and the best medium, respectively, allowing for a BLIS production at the late exponential phase of 2000 AU/ml.
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231
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Liu G, Ren L, Song Z, Wang C, Sun B. Purification and characteristics of bifidocin A, a novel bacteriocin produced by Bifidobacterium animals BB04 from centenarians' intestine. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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232
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Li C, Nie SP, Zhu KX, Xiong T, Li C, Gong J, Xie MY. Effect ofLactobacillus plantarumNCU116 on loperamide-induced constipation in mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:533-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1024204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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233
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Praet J, Meeus I, Cnockaert M, Aerts M, Smagghe G, Vandamme P. Bifidobacterium commune sp. nov. isolated from the bumble bee gut. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1307-13. [PMID: 25753540 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria were isolated from the gut of Bombus lapidarius, Bombus terrestris and Bombus hypnorum bumble bees by direct isolation on modified trypticase phytone yeast extract agar. The MALDI-TOF MS profiles of four isolates (LMG 28292(T), R-53560, R-53124, LMG 28626) were found to be identical and did not cluster with the profiles of established Bifidobacterium species. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain LMG 28292(T) revealed that LMG 28292(T) is most closely related to the Bifidobacterium bohemicum type strain (96.8%), which was also isolated from bumble bee gut specimens. The hsp60 gene of strain LMG 28292(T) shows 85.8% sequence similarity to that of the B. bohemicum type strain. The (GTG)5-PCR profiles and the hsp60 sequences of all four isolates were indistinguishable; however, three different phenotypes were observed among the four isolates by means of the API 50CHL microtest system. Based on the phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data, we propose to classify the four isolates within the novel species Bifidobacterium commune sp. nov., with LMG 28292(T) (= DSM 28792(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Praet
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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234
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Chen X, Wu X, Gan M, Xu F, He L, Yang D, Xu H, Shah NP, Wei H. Rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy and meat foods by combination of capture with silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles and thermophilic helicase-dependent isothermal amplification. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:1563-70. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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235
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Sato M, Arakawa T, Nam YW, Nishimoto M, Kitaoka M, Fushinobu S. Open-close structural change upon ligand binding and two magnesium ions required for the catalysis of N-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:333-40. [PMID: 25644306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Infant gut-associated bifidobacteria possess a metabolic pathway to utilize lacto-N-biose (Gal-β1,3-GlcNAc) and galacto-N-biose (Gal-β1,3-GalNAc) from human milk and glycoconjugates specifically. In this pathway, N-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase (NahK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of GlcNAc or GalNAc at the anomeric C1 position with ATP. Crystal structures of NahK have only been determined in the closed state. In this study, we determined open state structures of NahK in three different forms (apo, ADP complex, and ATP complex). A comparison of the open and closed state structures revealed an induced fit structural change defined by two rigid domains. ATP binds to the small N-terminal domain, and binding of the N-acetylhexosamine substrate to the large C-terminal domain induces a closing conformational change with a rotation angle of 16°. In the nucleotide binding site, two magnesium ions bridging the α-γ and β-γ phosphates were identified. A mutational analysis indicated that a residue coordinating both of the two magnesium ions (Asp228) is essential for catalysis. The involvement of two magnesium ions in the catalytic machinery is structurally similar to the catalytic structures of protein kinases and aminoglycoside phosphotransferases, but distinct from the structures of other anomeric kinases or sugar 6-kinases. These findings help to elucidate the possible evolutionary adaptation of substrate specificities and induced fit mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Sato
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Young-Woo Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nishimoto
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Motomitsu Kitaoka
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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236
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Kim SE, Choi SC, Park KS, Park MI, Shin JE, Lee TH, Jung KW, Koo HS, Myung SJ. Change of Fecal Flora and Effectiveness of the Short-term VSL#3 Probiotic Treatment in Patients With Functional Constipation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:111-20. [PMID: 25537674 PMCID: PMC4288088 DOI: 10.5056/jnm14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We investigated gut flora characteristics in patients with functional constipation (FC) and influences of short-term treatment with VSL#3 probiotic on flora and symptom improvement. Methods Thirty patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for FC and 30 controls were enrolled. Fecal samples were obtained before and after VSL#3 intake (one sachet twice daily for 2 weeks) and flora were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Symptom changes were also investigated. Results The fold differences in Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species were significantly lower in feces from FC, compared to in controls (P = 0.030 and P = 0.021). After taking VSL#3, the fold differences in Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species increased in controls (P = 0.022, P = 0.018, and P = 0.076), but not in FC. Mean Bristol scores and complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs)/week increased significantly in FC after ingesting VSL#3 (both P < 0.001). Relief of subjective CSBM frequency, stool consistency and abdominal bloating were reported in 70%, 60%, and 47% of patients. After VSL#3 cessation, 44.4% of patients with symptom improvement experienced constipation recurrence mostly within one month. Conclusions Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species might be quantitatively altered in FC. A short-term VSL#3 treatment can improve clinical symptoms of FC. Further studies are needed to investigate VSL#3’s additional effects beyond altering gut flora to allevate constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suck Chei Choi
- Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | | | - Moo In Park
- Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Shin
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Wook Jung
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Sup Koo
- Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejon, Korea
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237
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Liu ZM, Xu ZY, Han M, Guo BH. Efficacy of pasteurised yoghurt in improving chronic constipation: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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238
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Ushkalova EA, Gushchina YS. Linex forte in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:138-144. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh20158712138-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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239
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Wu Q, Cheung CK, Shah NP. Towards galactose accumulation in dairy foods fermented by conventional starter cultures: Challenges and strategies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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240
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241
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Moodley C, Reid SJ, Abratt VR. Molecular characterisation of ABC-type multidrug efflux systems in Bifidobacterium longum. Anaerobe 2014; 32:63-69. [PMID: 25529295 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Administration of probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. can prevent antibiotic associated diarrhoea since they can survive the often harsh conditions of the gut. In Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum(T) NCIMB 702259, two gene clusters, with homology to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of efflux transporters, were identified and studied to assess their functional contribution to antibiotic resistance. Both gene clusters contained two genes encoding putative efflux transporters and a regulator gene, upstream of the structural genes. Reverse transcriptase analysis indicated that the genes in each cluster were transcribed as operons, one where all three genes, including a putative MarR-type regulator were transcribed together (BLLJ_1496/1495/1494), and the other where the two ABC-type transporter genes (BLLJ_1837/1836) were co-transcribed, but excluded the putative regulator (BLLJ_1838). Heterologous expression of the cloned BLLJ_1837/1836 transporter genes in Lactococcus lactis conferred resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline by increasing the minimum inhibitory concentration between 1.5 and 3 fold. The presence of these genes also allowed a 16% increase in the efflux of Hoechst 33342 from L. lactis cells containing the two transporter genes, BLLJ_1837-6. In B. longum, an increase in the levels of transcription of 3.3 fold was observed for BLLJ_1837 in the presence of erythromycin, as measured by multiplex quantitative PCR. In contrast to this, the expression of the genes of the BLLJ_1495/1494 operon in L. lactis did not show significant drug resistance functionality. Gel shift experiments showed that in the BLLJ_1495/1494 operon, the putative MarR-type regulator protein (BLLJ_1496) bound with high affinity to the DNA sequence upstream of the operon in which it was located but this was not erythromycin dependent. This study demonstrated the occurrence of a drug inducible, ABC-type transporter system (BLLJ_1837/1836) in B. longum as well as a putative MarR-type DNA binding protein (BLLJ_1496).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Moodley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Sharon J Reid
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Valerie R Abratt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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242
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Palomo M, Gutiérrez AM, Pérez-Conde MC, Cámara C, Madrid Y. Se metallomics during lactic fermentation of Se-enriched yogurt. Food Chem 2014; 164:371-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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243
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Shimada Y, Watanabe Y, Wakinaka T, Funeno Y, Kubota M, Chaiwangsri T, Kurihara S, Yamamoto K, Katayama T, Ashida H. α-N-Acetylglucosaminidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum specifically hydrolyzes α-linked N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminus of O-glycan on gastric mucin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3941-8. [PMID: 25381911 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Linked N-acetylglucosamine is one of the major glyco-epitopes in O-glycan of gastroduodenal mucin. Here, we identified glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 89 α-N-acetylglucosaminidase, termed AgnB, from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1254, which is essentially specific to GlcNAcα1-4Gal structure. AgnB is a membrane-anchored extracellular enzyme consisting of a GH89 domain and four carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 32 domains. Among four CBM32 domains, three tandem ones at C-terminus showed to bind porcine gastric mucin, suggesting that these domains enhance the enzyme activity by increasing affinity for multivalent substrates. AgnB might be important for assimilation of gastroduodenal mucin by B. bifidum and also applicable to production of prebiotic oligosaccharides from porcine gastric mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Shimada
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
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244
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Liu L, Qin Y, Wang Y, Li H, Shang N, Li P. Complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis RH, a probiotic bacterium producing exopolysaccharides. J Biotechnol 2014; 189:86-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sun Z, Westermann C, Yuan J, Riedel CU. Experimental determination and characterization of the gap promoter of Bifidobacterium bifidum S17. Bioengineered 2014; 5:371-7. [PMID: 25482086 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.34423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA sequence upstream of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gap) of various strains of bifidobacteria is used in a number of vector systems for homologous and heterologous expression in this group of bacteria. To date none of the bifidobacterial gap promoters (Pgap) have been verified experimentally. Here, we probe a range of putative bifidobacterial promoters hypothesized to show high constitutive transcriptional activity using a β-glucuronidase reporter system. In silico analysis revealed a predicted bacterial promoter upstream of the gap gene of Bifidobacterium bifidum S17. The corresponding DNA sequences was cloned into the promoter probe vector pMDY23 and yielded highest reporter activities among the promoter sequences tested confirming previous studies. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE), we identified the transcription start site (TSS) of Pgap of B. bifidum S17. The experimentally determined TSS and the associated -10 and -35 regions do not match with the promoter predicted in silico. Moreover, a potential ribosome-binding site (RBS) was identified upstream of the ATG start codon of the gap gene, which is complementary to the 3'-end of the 16S rRNA with only 1 mismatch suggesting efficient initiation of translation. Alignment of the Pgap sequences of a number of representative bifidobacteria showed a high level of conservation and the presence of -35 and -10 regions, which are similar but not identical to the consensus promoter sequences of house-keeping genes of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Collectively, these results confirm the suitability of Pgap for high level, constitutive expression in bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Sun
- a Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology ; University of Ulm ; Ulm , Germany
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246
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Kim MJ, Lee DK, Park JE, Park IH, Seo JG, Ha NJ. Antiviral activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM1605 against Coxsackievirus B3. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:681-688. [PMID: 26019554 PMCID: PMC4433936 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.945237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. The present study investigated the antiviral activity of probiotics isolated from Koreans against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The effect of probiotic isolates against CVB3 was measured by the plaque assay and cellular toxicity of bifidobacteria in HeLa cells was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among 13 probiotic isolates, 3 Bifidobacterium adolescentis, 2 Bifidobacterium longum and 1 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum had an antiviral effect against CVB3, while the others did not show such effect. B. adolescentis SPM1605 showed the greatest inhibitory properties against CVB3. When the threshold cycle (CT) values for the treated B. adolescentis SPM1605 samples were compared to the results for the non-treated samples, it was shown that the amplified viral sequences from the CVB3 had their copy number lowered by B. adolescentis SPM1605. Moreover, the gene expression in infected HeLa cells was also inhibited by 50%. The results suggest that B. adolescentis SPM1605 suppresses CVB3 and could be used as an alternative therapy against infectious diseases caused by coxsackieviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Cellbiotech, Co. Ltd. , Gimpo , Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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247
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Zhao D, Shah NP. Influence of tea extract supplementation on bifidobacteria during soymilk fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 188:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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248
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Bifidobacteria-host interactions--an update on colonisation factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:960826. [PMID: 25295282 PMCID: PMC4177770 DOI: 10.1155/2014/960826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are one of the predominant bacterial groups of the human intestinal microbiota and have important functional properties making them interesting for the food and dairy industries. Numerous in vitro and preclinical studies have shown beneficial effects of particular bifidobacterial strains or strain combinations on various health parameters of their hosts. This indicates the potential of bifidobacteria in alternative or supplementary therapeutic approaches in a number of diseased states. Based on these observations, bifidobacteria have attracted considerable interest by the food, dairy, and pharmaceutical industries and they are widely used as so-called probiotics. As a consequence of the rapidly increasing number of available bifidobacterial genome sequences and their analysis, there has been substantial progress in the identification of bifidobacterial structures involved in colonisation of and interaction with the host. With the present review, we aim to provide an update on the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which bifidobacteria colonise their hosts and exert health promoting effects.
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249
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Long-term intake of a high prebiotic fiber diet but not high protein reduces metabolic risk after a high fat challenge and uniquely alters gut microbiota and hepatic gene expression. Nutr Res 2014; 34:789-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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250
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Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis B/12 administration in healthy dogs. Anaerobe 2014; 28:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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