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Norin T, Clark TD. Reply to Zhang & Gilbert (2017): Comment on 'Measurement and relevance of maximum metabolic rate in fishes by Norin & Clark (2016)'. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:403-408. [PMID: 28776704 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Norin
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - T D Clark
- University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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202
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Zhang Y, Gilbert MJH. Comment on 'Measurement and relevance of maximum metabolic rate in fishes by Norin & Clark (2016)'. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:397-402. [PMID: 28776701 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M J H Gilbert
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada
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203
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McKenzie DJ, Blasco FR, Belão TC, Killen SS, Martins ND, Taylor EW, Rantin FT. Physiological determinants of individual variation in sensitivity to an organophosphate pesticide in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 189:108-114. [PMID: 28605647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Individual variation in sub-lethal sensitivity to the organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon was investigated in Nile tilapia, using critical swimming speed (Ucrit) as an indicator. Tilapia exposed for 96h to 500μgl-1 trichlorfon at 26°C (Tcfn group, n=27) showed a significant decline in mean Ucrit, compared to their own control (pre-exposure) performance in clean water (-14.5±2.3%, mean±SEM), but also compared to a Sham group (n=10) maintained for 96h in clean water. Individuals varied in their relative sensitivity to the pesticide, with the decline in Ucrit after exposure varying from 1 to 41%. The Ucrit of the Tcfn group did not recover completely after 96h in clean water, remaining 9.4±3.2% below their own control performance. The decline in performance was associated with a significant increase in net cost of aerobic swimming, of +28.4±6.5% at a sustained speed of 2bodylengthss-1, which translated into a significant decline in swimming efficiency (Eswim) of -17.6±4.0% at that speed. Within the Tcfn group, individual Eswim was a strong positive determinant of individual Ucrit across all trials, and a strong negative determinant of individual% decline in Ucrit after pesticide exposure (P<0.001, linear mixed effect models). Trichlorfon had no effects on standard metabolic rate or active metabolic rate (AMR) but, nonetheless, individual Ucrit in all trials, and% decline in Ucrit after exposure, were strongly associated with individual AMR (positively and negatively, respectively, P<0.001). Individual Ucrit under control conditions was also a strong positive determinant of Ucrit after trichlorfon exposure (P<0.001), but not of the% decline in Ucrit performance. In conclusion, the OP pesticide impaired Ucrit performance by reducing Eswim but individual tilapia varied widely in their relative sensitivity. Intrinsic individual physiology determined effects of the pesticide on performance and, in particular, good swimmers remained better swimmers after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McKenzie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; UMR9190 Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Felipe R Blasco
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Belão
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Shaun S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan D Martins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Edwin W Taylor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham BH5 4LU, United Kingdom
| | - F Tadeu Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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204
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Hasler CT, Bouyoucos IA, Suski CD. Tolerance to Hypercarbia Is Repeatable and Related to a Component of the Metabolic Phenotype in a Freshwater Fish. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:583-587. [PMID: 28708460 DOI: 10.1086/693376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater fish may be exposed to high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) because of several actions, including anesthesia and high levels of aquatic respiration and potentially as the result of using high-CO2 plumes as a barrier to the movements of invasive fishes. Metabolic phenotype can potentially drive how freshwater fish respond to high CO2. We therefore quantified how tolerance (measured using time to equilibrium loss [ELT]) was driven by metabolic phenotype in a cosmopolitan freshwater fish species, Micropterus salmoides. ELT was repeatable, with 60% of the variance across trials attributable to individual differences. For each fish, standard metabolic rate and maximum metabolic rate were measured using respirometers and time to exhaustion after a chase test was recorded. Fish with high anaerobic performance were less tolerant to elevated CO2, potentially as a result of preexisting metabolic acidosis. Standard metabolic rate and aerobic scope did not predict ELT. Our findings define which fish may be more vulnerable to high CO2, a potential mechanism for this tolerance, and show that tolerance to high CO2 may be acted on by natural selection. Should freshwater ecosystems become elevated in CO2, by either natural means or anthropogenic means, it is possible that there is potential for heritable selection of CO2 tolerance, evidenced by the fact that ELT was found to be repeatable.
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205
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Messmer V, Pratchett MS, Hoey AS, Tobin AJ, Coker DJ, Cooke SJ, Clark TD. Global warming may disproportionately affect larger adults in a predatory coral reef fish. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2230-2240. [PMID: 27809393 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is expected to reduce body sizes of ectothermic animals. Although the underlying mechanisms of size reductions remain poorly understood, effects appear stronger at latitudinal extremes (poles and tropics) and in aquatic rather than terrestrial systems. To shed light on this phenomenon, we examined the size dependence of critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and aerobic metabolism in a commercially important tropical reef fish, the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) following acclimation to current-day (28.5 °C) vs. projected end-of-century (33 °C) summer temperatures for the northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR). CTmax declined from 38.3 to 37.5 °C with increasing body mass in adult fish (0.45-2.82 kg), indicating that larger individuals are more thermally sensitive than smaller conspecifics. This may be explained by a restricted capacity for large fish to increase mass-specific maximum metabolic rate (MMR) at 33 °C compared with 28.5 °C. Indeed, temperature influenced the relationship between metabolism and body mass (0.02-2.38 kg), whereby the scaling exponent for MMR increased from 0.74 ± 0.02 at 28.5 °C to 0.79 ± 0.01 at 33 °C, and the corresponding exponents for standard metabolic rate (SMR) were 0.75 ± 0.04 and 0.80 ± 0.03. The increase in metabolic scaling exponents at higher temperatures suggests that energy budgets may be disproportionately impacted in larger fish and contribute to reduced maximum adult size. Such climate-induced reductions in body size would have important ramifications for fisheries productivity, but are also likely to have knock-on effects for trophodynamics and functioning of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Messmer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Morgan S Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Andrew J Tobin
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Darren J Coker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Timothy D Clark
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
- University of Tasmania, and CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
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206
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Murray L, Rennie MD, Svendsen JC, Enders EC. Respirometry increases cortisol levels in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: implications for measurements of metabolic rate. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:2206-2213. [PMID: 28345192 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the extent to which chasing, handling and confining Oncorhynchus mykiss to a small respirometer chamber during respirometric experiments is stressful and affects metabolic measurements. The study observed increased cortisol levels in animals tested using a chase protocol and subsequent intermittent-flow respirometry, suggesting that this procedural treatment may stress animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Murray
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - M D Rennie
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Lakehead University, Department of Biology, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E, Canada
- IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, 111 Lombard Avenue, Suite 325, Winnipeg, MB, R3B OT4, Canada
| | - J C Svendsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Jaegersborg Alle 1, 2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - E C Enders
- Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6, Canada
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207
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Evaluating dispersal potential of an invasive fish by the use of aerobic scope and osmoregulation capacity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176038. [PMID: 28423029 PMCID: PMC5397051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-indigenous species (NIS) can impact marine biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function. Once introduced into a new region, secondary dispersal is limited by the physiology of the organism in relation to the ambient environment and by complex interactions between a suite of ecological factors such as presence of predators, competitors, and parasites. Early prediction of dispersal potential and future ‘area of impact’ is challenging, but also a great asset in taking appropriate management actions. Aerobic scope (AS) in fish has been linked to various fitness-related parameters, and may be valuable in determining dispersal potential of aquatic invasive species in novel environments. Round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, one of the most wide-ranging invasive fish species in Europe and North America, currently thrives in brackish and fresh water, but its ability to survive in high salinity waters is unknown to date. We show that AS in round goby is reduced by 30% and blood plasma osmolality increased (indicating reduced capacity for osmoregulation) at salinities approaching oceanic conditions, following slow ramping (5 PSU per week) and subsequent long-term acclimation to salinities ranging between 0 and 30 PSU (8 days at final treatment salinities before blood plasma osmolality measurements, 12–20 additional days before respirometry). Survival was also reduced at the highest salinities yet a significant proportion (61%) of the fish survived at 30 PSU. Reduced physiological performance at the highest salinities may affect growth and competitive ability under oceanic conditions, but to what extent reduced AS and osmoregulatory capacity will slow the current 30 km year-1 rate of advance of the species through the steep salinity gradient from the brackish Baltic Sea and into the oceanic North Sea remains speculative. An unintended natural experiment is in progress to test whether the rate of advance slows down. At the current rate of advance the species will reach the oceanic North Sea by 2018/2019, therefore time for taking preventative action is short.
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208
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Jacob H, Pouil S, Lecchini D, Oberhänsli F, Swarzenski P, Metian M. Trophic transfer of essential elements in the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris in the context of ocean acidification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174344. [PMID: 28399186 PMCID: PMC5388329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little information exists on the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on the digestive and post-digestive processes in marine fish. Here, we investigated OA impacts (Δ pH = 0.5) on the trophic transfer of select trace elements in the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris using radiotracer techniques. Assimilation efficiencies of three essential elements (Co, Mn and Zn) as well as their other short-term and long-term kinetic parameters in juvenile clownfish were not affected by this experimental pH change. In complement, their stomach pH during digestion were not affected by the variation in seawater pH. Such observations suggest that OA impacts do not affect element assimilation in these fish. This apparent pCO2 tolerance may imply that clownfish have the ability to self-regulate pH shifts in their digestive tract, or that they can metabolically accommodate such shifts. Such results are important to accurately assess future OA impacts on diverse marine biota, as such impacts are highly species specific, complex, and may be modulated by species-specific metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Jacob
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Université de Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Simon Pouil
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, France
| | - David Lecchini
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Université de Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - François Oberhänsli
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Peter Swarzenski
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
- * E-mail:
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209
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High risk no gain-metabolic performance of hatchery reared Atlantic salmon smolts, effects of nest emergence time, hypoxia avoidance behaviour and size. Physiol Behav 2017; 175:104-112. [PMID: 28342770 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
When animals are reared for conservational releases it is paramount to avoid reducing genetic and phenotypic variation over time. This requires an understanding of how diverging behavioural and physiological traits affect performance both in captivity and after release. In Atlantic salmon, emergence time from the spawning gravel has been linked to certain behavioural and physiological characteristics and to the concept of stress coping styles. Early emerging fry has for example been shown to be bolder and more aggressive and to have higher standard metabolic rates compared to late emerging fry. The first aim was therefore to examine if emergence latency affect the behavioural stress coping response also beyond the fry and parr stage. This was done using a hypoxia avoidance test, where an active behavioural avoidance response can be related to higher risk taking. No behavioural differences were found between the two emergence fractions either at the parr or pre-smolt stage, instead smaller individuals were more prone to express an "active" hypoxia avoidance response. Further, an individual expressing a "passive" response as parr were also more prone to express this behaviour at the pre-smolt stage. While there are some previous studies showing that early emerging individuals with a bolder personality may be favored within a hatchery setting it is not known to what extent these early differences persist to affect performance after release. The second aim was therefore to compare the physiological performance at the time of release as smolts using the two subgroups; 1) early emerging fish showing active hypoxia avoidance (Early+Bold) and 2) late emerging fish showing a passive hypoxia response (Late+Shy). The Early+Bold group showed a higher red blood cell swelling, suggesting a higher adrenergic output during stress, whereas there was no difference in post-stress plasma cortisol or physiological smolt status. While there was no difference in standard metabolic rate between the groups, the Early+Bold group exhibited a lower maximum metabolic rate and aerobic scope following strenuous swimming. In captivity this may have no clear negative effects, but in the wild, a more risk prone behavioural profile linked to a lower aerobic capacity to escape from e.g. a predator attack, could clearly be disadvantageous.
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210
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Killen SS, Norin T, Halsey LG. Do method and species lifestyle affect measures of maximum metabolic rate in fishes? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1037-1046. [PMID: 27778342 PMCID: PMC5347950 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rate at which active animals can expend energy is limited by their maximum aerobic metabolic rate (MMR). Two methods are commonly used to estimate MMR as oxygen uptake in fishes, namely during prolonged swimming or immediately following brief exhaustive exercise, but it is unclear whether they return different estimates of MMR or whether their effectiveness for estimating MMR varies among species with different lifestyles. A broad comparative analysis of MMR data from 121 fish species revealed little evidence of different results between the two methods, either for fishes in general or for species of benthic, benthopelagic or pelagic lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQU.K.
| | - T. Norin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQU.K.
| | - L. G. Halsey
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonHolybourne AvenueLondonSW15 4JDU.K.
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211
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Bouyoucos IA, Suski CD, Mandelman JW, Brooks EJ. The energetic, physiological, and behavioral response of lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) to simulated longline capture. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 207:65-72. [PMID: 28238832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Commercial fisheries bycatch is a considerable threat to elasmobranch population recovery, and techniques to mitigate sub-lethal consequences can be improved with data on the energetic, physiological, and behavioral response of individuals to capture. This study sought to estimate the effects of simulated longline capture on the behavior, energy use, and physiological stress of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris). Captive sharks equipped with acceleration biologgers were subjected to 1h of simulated longline capture. Swimming behaviors were identified from acceleration data using a machine-learning algorithm, energetic costs were estimated using accelerometer-calibrated relationships and respirometry, and physiological stress was quantified with point-of-care blood analyzers. During capture, sharks exhibited nine-fold increases in the frequency of burst swimming, 98% reductions in resting, and swam as often as unrestrained sharks. Aerobic metabolic rates during capture were 8% higher than for unrestrained sharks, and accounted for a 57.7% increase in activity costs when excess post-exercise oxygen consumption was included. Lastly, sharks exhibited significant increases in blood lactate and glucose, but no change in blood pH after 1h of capture. Therefore, these results provide preliminary insight into the behavioral and energetic responses of sharks to capture, and have implications for mitigating sub-lethal consequences of capture for sharks as commercial longline bycatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Bouyoucos
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, Bahamas.
| | - Cory D Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John W Mandelman
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Edward J Brooks
- Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, Bahamas
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212
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Nie LJ, Cao ZD, Fu SJ. Digesting or swimming? Integration of the postprandial metabolism, behavior and locomotion in a frequently foraging fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:205-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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213
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Poletto JB, Cocherell DE, Baird SE, Nguyen TX, Cabrera-Stagno V, Farrell AP, Fangue NA. Unusual aerobic performance at high temperatures in juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cow067. [PMID: 28078086 PMCID: PMC5216678 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the current warming trends affect fish populations is crucial for effective conservation and management. To help define suitable thermal habitat for juvenile Chinook salmon, the thermal performance of juvenile Chinook salmon acclimated to either 15 or 19°C was tested across a range of environmentally relevant acute temperature changes (from 12 to 26°C). Swim tunnel respirometers were used to measure routine oxygen uptake as a measure of routine metabolic rate (RMR) and oxygen uptake when swimming maximally as a measure of maximal metabolic rate (MMR) at each test temperature. We estimated absolute aerobic scope (AAS = MMR - RMR), the capacity to supply oxygen beyond routine needs, as well as factorial aerobic scope (FAS = MMR/RMR). All fish swam at a test temperature of 23°C regardless of acclimation temperature, but some mortality occurred at 25°C during MMR measurements. Overall, RMR and MMR increased with acute warming, but aerobic capacity was unaffected by test temperatures up to 23°C in both acclimation groups. The mean AAS for fish acclimated and tested at 15°C (7.06 ± 1.76 mg O2 kg-1 h-1) was similar to that measured for fish acclimated and tested at 19°C (8.80 ± 1.42 mg O2 kg-1 h-1). Over the entire acute test temperature range, while MMR and AAS were similar for the two acclimation groups, RMR was significantly lower and FAS consequently higher at the lower test temperatures for the fish acclimated at 19°C. Thus, this stock of juvenile Chinook salmon shows an impressive aerobic capacity when acutely warmed to temperatures close to their upper thermal tolerance limit, regardless of the acclimation temperature. These results are compared with those for other salmonids, and the implications of our findings for informing management actions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilynn B. Poletto
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dennis E. Cocherell
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah E. Baird
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Trinh X. Nguyen
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Cabrera-Stagno
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Anthony P. Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaV6T 1Z4
| | - Nann A. Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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214
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McArley TJ, Hickey AJR, Herbert NA. Chronic warm exposure impairs growth performance and reduces thermal safety margins in the common triplefin fish (Forsterygion lapillum). J Exp Biol 2017; 220:3527-3535. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.162099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intertidal fish species face gradual chronic changes in temperature and greater extremes of acute thermal exposure through climate induced warming. As sea temperatures rise it has been proposed that whole animal performance will be impaired through oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT, reduced aerobic metabolic scope-MS) and, on acute exposure to high temperatures, thermal safety margins may be reduced due to constrained acclimation capacity of upper thermal limits. Using the New Zealand triplefin fish (Forsterygion lapillum), this study addressed how performance in terms of growth and metabolism (MS) and upper thermal tolerance limits would be affected by chronic exposure to elevated temperature. Growth was measured in fish acclimated (12 weeks) to present and predicted future temperatures and metabolic rates were then determined in fish at acclimation temperatures and with acute thermal ramping. In agreement with the OCLTT hypothesis chronic exposure to elevated temperature significantly reduced growth performance and MS. However, despite the prospect of impaired growth performance under warmer future summertime conditions an annual growth model revealed that elevated temperatures may only shift the timing of high growth potential and not the overall annual growth rate. While the upper thermal tolerance (i.e. critical thermal maxima) increased with exposure to warmer temperatures and was associated with depressed metabolic rates during acute thermal ramping, upper thermal tolerance did not differ between present and predicted future summertime temperatures. This suggests that warming may progressively decrease thermal safety margins for hardy generalist species and could limit the available habitat range of intertidal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan. J. McArley
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J. R. Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Thomas Building, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neill. A. Herbert
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
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215
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Burggren WW, Dubansky B, Bautista NM. Cardiovascular Development in Embryonic and Larval Fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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216
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Verhille CE, English KK, Cocherell DE, Farrell AP, Fangue NA. High thermal tolerance of a rainbow trout population near its southern range limit suggests local thermal adjustment. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow057. [PMID: 27957333 PMCID: PMC5146681 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of earth's ecosystems by anthropogenic climate change is predicted for the 21st century. In many regions, the associated increase in environmental temperatures and reduced precipitation will have direct effects on the physiological performance of terrestrial and aquatic ectotherms and have already threatened fish biodiversity and important fisheries. The threat of elevated environmental temperatures is particularly salient for members of the Oncorhynchus genus living in California, which is the southern limit of their range. Here, we report the first assessments of the aerobic capacity of a Californian population of wild Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum in relationship to water temperature. Our field measurements revealed that wild O. mykiss from the lower Tuolumne River, California maintained 95% of their peak aerobic scope across an impressive temperature range (17.8-24.6°C). The thermal range for peak performance corresponds to local high river temperatures, but represents an unusually high temperature tolerance compared with conspecifics and congeneric species from northern latitudes. This high thermal tolerance suggests that O. mykiss at the southern limit of their indigenous distribution may be locally adjusted relative to more northern populations. From fisheries management and conservation perspectives, these findings challenge the use of a single thermal criterion to regulate the habitat of the O. mykiss species along the entirety of its distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Verhille
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Dennis E. Cocherell
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anthony P. Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z4
| | - Nann A. Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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217
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Xia J, Ma Y, Fu C, Fu S, Cooke SJ. Effects of temperature acclimation on the critical thermal limits and swimming performance of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis: a threatened fish in Qinling Mountain region of China. Ecol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-016-1418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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218
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Auer SK, Salin K, Rudolf AM, Anderson GJ, Metcalfe NB. Differential effects of food availability on minimum and maximum rates of metabolism. Biol Lett 2016; 12:20160586. [PMID: 28120798 PMCID: PMC5095193 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rates reflect the energetic cost of living but exhibit remarkable variation among conspecifics, partly as a result of the constraints imposed by environmental conditions. Metabolic rates are sensitive to changes in temperature and oxygen availability, but effects of food availability, particularly on maximum metabolic rates, are not well understood. Here, we show in brown trout (Salmo trutta) that maximum metabolic rates are immutable but minimum metabolic rates increase as a positive function of food availability. As a result, aerobic scope (i.e. the capacity to elevate metabolism above baseline requirements) declines as food availability increases. These differential changes in metabolic rates likely have important consequences for how organisms partition available metabolic power to different functions under the constraints imposed by food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Agata M Rudolf
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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219
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Cumming H, Herbert NA. Gill structural change in response to turbidity has no effect on the oxygen uptake of a juvenile sparid fish. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow033. [PMID: 27766155 PMCID: PMC5069868 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Turbidity as a result of increased suspended sediments in coastal waters is an environmental stress of worldwide concern. Recent research on fish suggests that detrimental changes to gill structure can occur in turbid waters, with speculation that these alterations diminish fitness variables, such as growth and development, by negatively impacting the O2 uptake capacity (respiration) of fish. Specifically to address this unknown, the impact of turbid water on the gill structure, somatic growth rate and O2 uptake rates of a juvenile sparid species (Pagrus auratus) was addressed following exposure to five different turbidity treatments (<10, 20, 40, 60 or 80 nephelometric turbidity units) for 30 days. Significant gill structural change was apparent with a progressive increase in turbidity and was quantified as a reduction in lamellar density, as well as an increase in basal hyperplasia, epithelial lifting and increased oxygen diffusion distance across the lamellae. The weight of control fish did not change throughout the experiment, but all fish exposed to turbid waters lost weight, and weight loss increased with nephelometric turbidity units, confirming that long-term turbidity exposure is detrimental to growth productivity. The growth of fish could be impacted in a variety of ways, but the specific hypothesis that structural alteration of the gills impairs O2 uptake across the gills and limits growth fitness was not supported because there was no measurable difference in the standard metabolic rate, maximal metabolic rate, aerobic metabolic scope or critical oxygen saturation limit of fish measured in clear water after 30 days of exposure. Although impaired O2 uptake as a result of structurally adjusted gills is unlikely to be the cause of poor fish growth, the exact mechanism by which growth productivity is affected in turbid conditions remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. A. Herbert
- Corresponding author:Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand. Tel: +64 (0)9 373 7599; ext. 83604.
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220
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Drost HE, Lo M, Carmack EC, Farrell AP. Acclimation potential of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) from the rapidly warming Arctic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:3114-3125. [PMID: 27471275 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.140194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the growing concern about warming of the Arctic Ocean, this study quantified the thermal acclimation responses of Boreogadus saida, a key Arctic food web fish. Physiological rates for cardio-respiratory functions as well as critical maximum temperature (Tc,max) for loss of equilibrium (LOE) were measured. The transition temperatures for these events (LOE, the rate of oxygen uptake and maximum heart rate) during acute warming were used to gauge phenotypic plasticity after thermal acclimation from 0.5°C up to 6.5°C for 1 month (respiratory and Tc,max measurements) and 6 months (cardiac measurements). Tc,max increased significantly by 2.3°C from 14.9°C to 17.1°C with thermal acclimation, while the optimum temperature for absolute aerobic scope increased by 4.5°C over the same range of thermal acclimation. Warm acclimation reset the maximum heart rate to a statistically lower rate, but the first Arrhenius breakpoint temperature during acute warming was unchanged. The hierarchy of transition temperatures was quantified at three acclimation temperatures and was fitted inside a Fry temperature tolerance polygon to better define ecologically relevant thermal limits to performance of B. saida We conclude that B. saida can acclimate to 6.5°C water temperatures in the laboratory. However, at this acclimation temperature 50% of the fish were unable to recover from maximum swimming at the 8.5°C test temperature and their cardio-respiratory performance started to decline at water temperatures greater than 5.4°C. Such costs in performance may limit the ecological significance of B. saida acclimation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Drost
- Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - M Lo
- Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - E C Carmack
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 4B2
| | - A P Farrell
- Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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221
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Physiological constraints to climate warming in fish follow principles of plastic floors and concrete ceilings. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11447. [PMID: 27186890 PMCID: PMC4873662 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the resilience of aquatic ectothermic animals to climate warming has been hindered by the absence of experimental systems experiencing warming across relevant timescales (for example, decades). Here, we examine European perch (Perca fluviatilis, L.) from the Biotest enclosure, a unique coastal ecosystem that maintains natural thermal fluctuations but has been warmed by 5–10 °C by a nuclear power plant for over three decades. We show that Biotest perch grow faster and display thermally compensated resting cardiorespiratory functions compared with reference perch living at natural temperatures in adjacent waters. However, maximum cardiorespiratory capacities and heat tolerance limits exhibit limited or no thermal compensation when compared with acutely heated reference perch. We propose that while basal energy requirements and resting cardiorespiratory functions (floors) are thermally plastic, maximum capacities and upper critical heat limits (ceilings) are much less flexible and thus will limit the adaptive capacity of fishes in a warming climate. Understanding climatic adaptation in fish is limited by a lack of large-scale, long term acclimation studies. Here, Sandblom et al. show that fish exposed to a 5-10 °C increase in water temperature next to a nuclear power plant display contrasting upper and lower cardiorespiratory thermal compensation limits.
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222
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Rupia EJ, Binning SA, Roche DG, Lu W. Fight-flight or freeze-hide? Personality and metabolic phenotype mediate physiological defence responses in flatfish. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:927-37. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J. Rupia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources; Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201306 China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Sandra A. Binning
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; CH-2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Dominique G. Roche
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; CH-2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Weiqun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources; Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201306 China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 China
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223
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Rogers NJ, Urbina MA, Reardon EE, McKenzie DJ, Wilson RW. A new analysis of hypoxia tolerance in fishes using a database of critical oxygen level (P crit). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow012. [PMID: 27293760 PMCID: PMC4849809 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common occurrence in aquatic habitats, and it is becoming an increasingly frequent and widespread environmental perturbation, primarily as the result of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and climate change. An in-depth understanding of the hypoxia tolerance of fishes, and how this varies among individuals and species, is required to make accurate predictions of future ecological impacts and to provide better information for conservation and fisheries management. The critical oxygen level (P crit) has been widely used as a quantifiable trait of hypoxia tolerance. It is defined as the oxygen level below which the animal can no longer maintain a stable rate of oxygen uptake (oxyregulate) and uptake becomes dependent on ambient oxygen availability (the animal transitions to oxyconforming). A comprehensive database of P crit values, comprising 331 measurements from 96 published studies, covering 151 fish species from 58 families, provides the most extensive and up-to-date analysis of hypoxia tolerance in teleosts. Methodologies for determining P crit are critically examined to evaluate its usefulness as an indicator of hypoxia tolerance in fishes. Various abiotic and biotic factors that interact with hypoxia are analysed for their effect on P crit, including temperature, CO2, acidification, toxic metals and feeding. Salinity, temperature, body mass and routine metabolic rate were strongly correlated with P crit; 20% of variation in the P crit data set was explained by these four variables. An important methodological issue not previously considered is the inconsistent increase in partial pressure of CO2 within a closed respirometer during the measurement of P crit. Modelling suggests that the final partial pressure of CO2 reached can vary from 650 to 3500 µatm depending on the ambient pH and salinity, with potentially major effects on blood acid-base balance and P crit itself. This database will form part of a widely accessible repository of physiological trait data that will serve as a resource to facilitate future studies of fish ecology, conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Rogers
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Erin E Reardon
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - David J McKenzie
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (Marbec), UMR 9190 CNRS-Université Montpellier-Ifremer-IRD, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex 5 34095, France
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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224
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Rummer JL, Binning SA, Roche DG, Johansen JL. Methods matter: considering locomotory mode and respirometry technique when estimating metabolic rates of fishes. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow008. [PMID: 27382471 PMCID: PMC4922262 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Respirometry is frequently used to estimate metabolic rates and examine organismal responses to environmental change. Although a range of methodologies exists, it remains unclear whether differences in chamber design and exercise (type and duration) produce comparable results within individuals and whether the most appropriate method differs across taxa. We used a repeated-measures design to compare estimates of maximal and standard metabolic rates (MMR and SMR) in four coral reef fish species using the following three methods: (i) prolonged swimming in a traditional swimming respirometer; (ii) short-duration exhaustive chase with air exposure followed by resting respirometry; and (iii) short-duration exhaustive swimming in a circular chamber. We chose species that are steady/prolonged swimmers, using either a body-caudal fin or a median-paired fin swimming mode during routine swimming. Individual MMR estimates differed significantly depending on the method used. Swimming respirometry consistently provided the best (i.e. highest) estimate of MMR in all four species irrespective of swimming mode. Both short-duration protocols (exhaustive chase and swimming in a circular chamber) produced similar MMR estimates, which were up to 38% lower than those obtained during prolonged swimming. Furthermore, underestimates were not consistent across swimming modes or species, indicating that a general correction factor cannot be used. However, SMR estimates (upon recovery from both of the exhausting swimming methods) were consistent across both short-duration methods. Given the increasing use of metabolic data to assess organismal responses to environmental stressors, we recommend carefully considering respirometry protocols before experimentation. Specifically, results should not readily be compared across methods; discrepancies could result in misinterpretation of MMR and aerobic scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L. Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Sandra A. Binning
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Éco-Éthologie, Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Dominique G. Roche
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Éco-Éthologie, Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Jacob L. Johansen
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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225
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Chabot D, McKenzie DJ, Craig JF. Metabolic rate in fishes: definitions, methods and significance for conservation physiology. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:1-9. [PMID: 26768969 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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