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Can electric fields explain inter-individual variability in transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex? Sci Rep 2019; 9:626. [PMID: 30679770 PMCID: PMC6345748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor cortical excitability are highly variable between individuals. Inter-individual differences in the electric fields generated in the brain by tDCS might play a role in the variability. Here, we explored whether these fields are related to excitability changes following anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex (M1). Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured in 28 healthy subjects before and after 20 min sham or 1 mA anodal tDCS of right M1 in a double-blind crossover design. The electric fields were individually modelled based on magnetic resonance images. Statistical analysis indicated that the variability in the MEPs could be partly explained by the electric fields, subjects with the weakest and strongest fields tending to produce opposite changes in excitability. To explain the findings, we hypothesized that the likely locus of action was in the hand area of M1, and the effective electric field component was that in the direction normal to the cortical surface. Our results demonstrate that a large part of inter-individual variability in tDCS may be due to differences in the electric fields. If this is the case, electric field dosimetry could be useful for controlling the neuroplastic effects of tDCS.
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202
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Rabipour S, Vidjen PS, Remaud A, Davidson PSR, Tremblay F. Examining the Interactions Between Expectations and tDCS Effects on Motor and Cognitive Performance. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:999. [PMID: 30666182 PMCID: PMC6330301 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite a growing literature and commercial market, the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains questionable. Notably, studies rarely examine factors such as expectations of outcomes, which may influence tDCS response through placebo-like effects. Here we sought to determine whether expectations could influence the behavioral outcomes of a tDCS intervention. Methods: Through an initial study and self-replication, we recruited 121 naïve young adults 18-34 years of age (M = 21.14, SD = 3.58; 88 women). We evaluated expectations of tDCS and of motor and cognitive performance at three times: (i) at baseline; (ii) after being primed to have High or Low expectations of outcomes; and (iii) after a single session of sham-controlled anodal tDCS over the left or right motor cortex. Before and after stimulation, participants performed the Grooved Pegboard Test and a choice reaction time task as measures of motor dexterity, response time, and response inhibition. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that participants had varying, largely uncertain, expectations regarding tDCS effectiveness at baseline. Expectation ratings significantly increased or decreased in response to High or Low priming, respectively, and decreased following the intervention. Response times and accuracy on motor and cognitive measures were largely unaffected by expectation or stimulation conditions. Overall, our analysis revealed no effect attributable to baseline expectations, belief of group assignment, or experimental condition on behavioral outcomes. Subjective experience did not differ based on expectation or stimulation condition. Conclusions: Our results suggest no clear effects of tDCS or of expectations on our performance measures, highlighting the need for further investigations of such stimulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Rabipour
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anthony Remaud
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick S. R. Davidson
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François Tremblay
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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203
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Lattari E, Oliveira BRR, Monteiro Júnior RS, Marques Neto SR, Oliveira AJ, Maranhão Neto GA, Machado S, Budde H. Acute effects of single dose transcranial direct current stimulation on muscle strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209513. [PMID: 30586389 PMCID: PMC6306262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on muscle strength showed no consensus. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to systematically review the literature on the effects of single dose tDCS to improve muscle strength. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMeb, ISI Web of Science, SciELO, and Scopus using search terms regarding tDCS and muscle strength. Studies were included in accordance with Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Setting (PICOS) including criteria. Healthy men and women, strength training practitioners or sedentary were selected. The acute effects of single dose anode stimulus of tDCS (a-tDCS) and the placebo stimulus of tDCS (sham) or no interventions were considered as an intervention and comparators, respectively. Measures related to muscle strength were analyzed. To conduct the analyses a weighted mean difference (WMD) and the standardized mean difference (SMD) were applied as appropriate. A total of 15 studies were included in this systematic review and 14 in meta-analysis. Regarding the maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), a small effect was seen between tDCS and Sham with significant difference between the conditions (SMD = 0.29; CI95% = 0.05 to 0.54; Z = 2.36; p = 0.02). The muscular endurance measured by the seconds sustaining a percentage of MIVC demonstrated a large effect between tDCS and Sham (WMD = 43.66; CI95% = 29.76 to 57.55; Z = 6.16; p < 0.001), showing an improvement in muscular endurance after exposure to tDCS. However, muscular endurance based on total work showed a trivial effect between tDCS and Sham with no significant difference (SMD = 0.22; CI95% = -0.11 to 0.54; Z = 1.32, p = 0.19). This study suggests that the use of tDCS may promote increase in maximal voluntary contraction and muscular endurance through isometric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lattari
- Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Sobral Monteiro Júnior
- Physical Education and Sport Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvio Rodrigues Marques Neto
- Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aldair J. Oliveira
- School of Physical Activity, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A. Maranhão Neto
- Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Physical Activity, Physical Education, Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH), Sports Science Department, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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204
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Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on exercise performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Stimul 2018; 12:593-605. [PMID: 30630690 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to improve exercise performance, though the protocols used, and results found are mixed. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze the effect of tDCS on improving exercise performance. METHODS A systematic search was performed on the following databases, until December 2017: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and SportDiscus. Full-text articles that used tDCS for exercise performance improvement in adults were included. We compared the effect of anodal (anode near nominal target) and cathodal (cathode near nominal target) tDCS to a sham/control condition on the outcome measure (performance in isometric, isokinetic or dynamic strength exercise and whole-body exercise). RESULTS 22 studies (393 participants) were included in the qualitative synthesis and 11 studies (236 participants) in the meta-analysis. The primary motor cortex (M1) was the main nominal tDCS target (n = 16; 72.5%). A significant effect favoring anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) applied before exercise over M1 was found on cycling time to exhaustion (mean difference = 93.41 s; 95%CI = 27.39 s-159.43 s) but this result was strongly influenced by one study (weight = 84%), no effect was found for cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS). No significant effect was found for a-tDCS applied on M1 before or during exercise on isometric muscle strength of the upper or lower limbs. Studies regarding a-tDCS over M1 on isokinetic muscle strength presented mixed results. Individual results of studies using a-tDCS applied over the prefrontal and motor cortices either before or during dynamic muscle strength testing showed positive results, but performing meta-analysis was not possible. CONCLUSION For the protocols tested, a-tDCS but not c-tDCS vs. sham over M1 improved exercise performance in cycling only. However, this result was driven by a single study, which when removed was no longer significant. Further well-controlled studies with larger sample sizes and broader exploration of the tDCS montages and doses are warranted.
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205
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Efficacy of Invasive and Non-Invasive Brain Modulation Interventions for Addiction. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 29:116-138. [PMID: 30536145 PMCID: PMC6499746 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is important to find new treatments for addiction due to high relapse rates despite current interventions and due to expansion of the field with non-substance related addictive behaviors. Neuromodulation may provide a new type of treatment for addiction since it can directly target abnormalities in neurocircuits. We review literature on five neuromodulation techniques investigated for efficacy in substance related and behavioral addictions: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (repetitive) transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), EEG, fMRI neurofeedback and deep brain stimulation (DBS) and additionally report on effects of these interventions on addiction-related cognitive processes. While rTMS and tDCS, mostly applied at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, show reductions in immediate craving for various addictive substances, placebo-responses are high and long-term outcomes are understudied. The lack in well-designed EEG-neurofeedback studies despite decades of investigation impedes conclusions about its efficacy. Studies investigating fMRI neurofeedback are new and show initial promising effects on craving, but future trials are needed to investigate long-term and behavioral effects. Case studies report prolonged abstinence of opioids or alcohol with ventral striatal DBS but difficulties with patient inclusion may hinder larger, controlled trials. DBS in neuropsychiatric patients modulates brain circuits involved in reward processing, extinction and negative-reinforcement that are also relevant for addiction. To establish the potential of neuromodulation for addiction, more randomized controlled trials are needed that also investigate treatment duration required for long-term abstinence and potential synergy with other addiction interventions. Finally, future advancement may be expected from tailoring neuromodulation techniques to specific patient (neurocognitive) profiles.
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206
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Boudewyn M, Roberts BM, Mizrak E, Ranganath C, Carter CS. Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances behavioral and EEG markers of proactive control. Cogn Neurosci 2018; 10:57-65. [PMID: 30465636 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2018.1551869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of stimulation targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on behavioral and neural oscillatory markers of proactive cognitive control in healthy adults. We hypothesized that active stimulation targeting the DLPFC would enhance proactive control compared to sham, leading to changes in the pattern of error rates and gamma-band power on the Dot Pattern Expectancy (DPX) task. We recorded EEG while participants completed the DPX, after receiving either 20 minutes of active DLPFC stimulation at 2 mA or sham stimulation in a counterbalanced within-participants design. The results showed significant tDCS-induced changes in the pattern of error rates on the DPX task indicative of enhanced proactive control, as well as predicted increases in gamma power associated with the engagement of proactive control. These results provide support for the role of DLPFC-mediated gamma activity in proactive cognitive control, and further, indicate that proactive control can be enhanced with non-invasive neurostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Boudewyn
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , UC Davis Medical Center, University of California , Davis , USA
| | - Brooke M Roberts
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , UC Davis Medical Center, University of California , Davis , USA
| | - Eda Mizrak
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , UC Davis Medical Center, University of California , Davis , USA
| | - Charan Ranganath
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , UC Davis Medical Center, University of California , Davis , USA
| | - Cameron S Carter
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , UC Davis Medical Center, University of California , Davis , USA
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207
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Paracampo R, Montemurro M, de Vega M, Avenanti A. Primary motor cortex crucial for action prediction: A tDCS study. Cortex 2018; 109:287-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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208
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Papazova I, Strube W, Becker B, Henning B, Schwippel T, Fallgatter AJ, Padberg F, Palm U, Falkai P, Plewnia C, Hasan A. Improving working memory in schizophrenia: Effects of 1 mA and 2 mA transcranial direct current stimulation to the left DLPFC. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:203-209. [PMID: 29954701 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in various cognitive processes, such as working memory, are characteristic for schizophrenia, lowering patients' functioning and quality of life. Recent research suggests that transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may be a potential therapeutic intervention for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Here, we examined the effects of online tDCS to the DLPFC on working memory (WM) performance in 40 schizophrenia patients in two separate experiments with a double blind, sham-controlled, cross-over design. Patients underwent single sessions of active and sham tDCS in a randomized order. Stimulation parameters were anode F3, cathode right deltoid muscle, 21 min tDCS duration, 1 mA tDCS in Experiment 1 (N = 20) and 2 mA tDCS in Experiment 2 (N = 20). Primary outcome was the change in WM performance as measured by a verbal n-back paradigm (1- to 3-back). Irrespective of the stimulation intensity, data analysis showed a significant higher WM accuracy during active tDCS than during sham tDCS (p = 0.019), but no main effect of stimulation intensity (p = 0.392). Subsequent separate analyses revealed a significantly improved WM performance only during 1 mA (p = 0.048). TDCS facilitated WM functioning in schizophrenia, with an advantage of 1 mA over 2 mA. Our results support the notion that tDCS may be a potential treatment for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and emphasize the need for future research on the specific stimulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Papazova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Strube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Henning
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Schwippel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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209
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Mehta UM. Refining strategies to drive cognitive gains through transcranial electrical stimulation. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:46-47. [PMID: 30025759 PMCID: PMC7610502 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry & Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Early Career Fellow, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
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210
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Hanley CJ, Tales A. Anodal tDCS improves attentional control in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2018; 115:88-95. [PMID: 30500351 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) facilitates cognitive enhancement by directly increasing neuroplasticity, and has shown promising results as an external intervention to attenuate age-related cognitive decline. However, stimulation protocols have failed to account for age-associated changes in brain structure and the present literature omits investigation of attentional control, despite the occurrence of substantial inhibitory processing deficits with age. To provide new insight into the benefits of tDCS, the objective of this study was to develop an age-optimised stimulation protocol in which key parameters (amplitude, duration, and electrode configuration) were selected in accordance with knowledge of stimulation effects, specific to the ageing brain. Participants (mean age 66.5 years) completed three sessions of double-blind, anodal or sham stimulation, in conjunction with a novel task switching paradigm, which was designed to reflect the complexities of simultaneously monitoring and updating stimulus representations. The results show that those who had anodal tDCS exhibited an acute, post-stimulation increase in task switching speed (p < .01, d = 1.36). Although the sham group was subject to the same task exposure, only the anodal stimulation group experienced a performance gain, thus emphasising the efficacy of active brain stimulation. For the first time, this study demonstrates the utility of stimulation protocols tailored specifically for use with older adults, targeted towards the modulation of attentional control. This finding has critical implications for cognitive health and encourages the use of age-optimised tDCS as a viable method for enhancing executive function in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Hanley
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, UK.
| | - Andrea Tales
- The Centre for Innovative Ageing, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, UK
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211
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Dalong G, Jiyuan L, Ying Z, Lei Z, Yanhong H, Yongcong S. Transcranial direct current stimulation reconstructs diminished thalamocortical connectivity during prolonged resting wakefulness: a resting-state fMRI pilot study. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 14:278-288. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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212
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Martin DM, McClintock SM, Aaronson ST, Alonzo A, Husain MM, Lisanby SH, McDonald WM, Mohan A, Nikolin S, O'Reardon J, Weickert CS, Loo CK. Pre-treatment attentional processing speed and antidepressant response to transcranial direct current stimulation: Results from an international randomized controlled trial. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1282-1290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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213
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Santos TEG, Favoretto DB, Toostani IG, Nascimento DC, Rimoli BP, Bergonzoni E, Lemos TW, Truong DQ, Delbem ACB, Makkiabadi B, Moraes R, Louzada F, Bikson M, Leite JP, Edwards DJ. Manipulation of Human Verticality Using High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Front Neurol 2018; 9:825. [PMID: 30459697 PMCID: PMC6232937 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Using conventional tDCS over the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) we previously reported that it is possible to manipulate subjective visual vertical (SVV) and postural control. We also demonstrated that high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) can achieve substantially greater cortical stimulation focality than conventional tDCS. However, it is critical to establish dose-response effects using well-defined protocols with relevance to clinically meaningful applications. Objective: To conduct three pilot studies investigating polarity and intensity-dependent effects of HD-tDCS over the right TPJ on behavioral and physiological outcome measures in healthy subjects. We additionally aimed to establish the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of this stimulation protocol. Methods: We designed three separate randomized, double-blind, crossover phase I clinical trials in different cohorts of healthy adults using the same stimulation protocol. The primary outcome measure for trial 1 was SVV; trial 2, weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA); and trial 3, electroencephalography power spectral density (EEG-PSD). The HD-tDCS montage comprised a single central, and 3 surround electrodes (HD-tDCS3x1) over the right TPJ. For each study, we tested 3x2 min HD-tDCS3x1 at 1, 2 and 3 mA; with anode center, cathode center, or sham stimulation, in random order across days. Results: We found significant SVV deviation relative to baseline, specific to the cathode center condition, with consistent direction and increasing with stimulation intensity. We further showed significant WBA with direction governed by stimulation polarity (cathode center, left asymmetry; anode center, right asymmetry). EEG-PSD in the gamma band was significantly increased at 3 mA under the cathode. Conclusions: The present series of studies provide converging evidence for focal neuromodulation that can modify physiology and have behavioral consequences with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiza E G Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diandra B Favoretto
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Iman Ghodratti Toostani
- Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory, Center of Engineering Applied to Health University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,Reconfigurable Computing Laboratory, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Diego C Nascimento
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Brunna P Rimoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bergonzoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tenysson Will Lemos
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Dennis Q Truong
- Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, City University of New York New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexandre C B Delbem
- Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory, Center of Engineering Applied to Health University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,Reconfigurable Computing Laboratory, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bahador Makkiabadi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Biomedical Technology and Robotics (RCBTR), Institute of Advanced Medical Technologies (IAMT) Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Renato Moraes
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco Louzada
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marom Bikson
- Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, City University of New York New York, NY, United States
| | - Joao P Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dylan J Edwards
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute Elkins Park, PA, United States.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia
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214
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Tan J, Iyer KK, Tang AD, Jamil A, Martins RN, Sohrabi HR, Nitsche MA, Hinder MR, Fujiyama H. Modulating functional connectivity with non-invasive brain stimulation for the investigation and alleviation of age-associated declines in response inhibition: A narrative review. Neuroimage 2018; 185:490-512. [PMID: 30342977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition, the ability to withhold a dominant and prepotent response following a change in circumstance or sensory stimuli, declines with advancing age. While non-invasive brain stimulation (NiBS) has shown promise in alleviating some cognitive and motor functions in healthy older individuals, NiBS research focusing on response inhibition has mostly been conducted on younger adults. These extant studies have primarily focused on modulating the activity of distinct neural regions known to be critical for response inhibition, including the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). However, given that changes in structural and functional connectivity have been associated with healthy aging, this review proposes that NiBS protocols aimed at modulating the functional connectivity between the rIFG and pre-SMA may be the most efficacious approach to investigate-and perhaps even alleviate-age-related deficits in inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tan
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Kartik K Iyer
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander D Tang
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Asif Jamil
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia; The School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia; The School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mark R Hinder
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Medicine (Division of Psychology), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Hakuei Fujiyama
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
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215
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James ND, McMahon SB, Field-Fote EC, Bradbury EJ. Neuromodulation in the restoration of function after spinal cord injury. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:905-917. [PMID: 30264729 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulation, the use of electrical interfaces to alter neuronal activity, has been successful as a treatment approach in several neurological disorders, including deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease and epidural spinal stimulation for chronic pain. Neuromodulation can also be beneficial for spinal cord injury, from assisting basic functions such as respiratory pacing and bladder control, through to restoring volitional movements and skilled hand function. Approaches range from electrical stimulation of peripheral muscles, either directly or via brain-controlled bypass devices, to stimulation of the spinal cord and brain. Limitations to widespread clinical application include durability of neuromodulation devices, affordability and accessibility of some approaches, and poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Efforts to overcome these challenges through advances in technology, together with pragmatic knowledge gained from clinical trials and basic research, could lead to personalised neuromodulatory interventions to meet the specific needs of individuals with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D James
- Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK; Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephen B McMahon
- Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edelle C Field-Fote
- Shepherd Center, Crawford Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Program in Applied Physiology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Bradbury
- Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK.
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216
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Testing assumptions on prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation: Comparison of electrode montages using multimodal fMRI. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:998-1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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217
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Gordon PC, Zrenner C, Desideri D, Belardinelli P, Zrenner B, Brunoni AR, Ziemann U. Modulation of cortical responses by transcranial direct current stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A resting-state EEG and TMS-EEG study. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1024-1032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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218
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Effects of single versus dual-site High-Definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on cortical reactivity and working memory performance in healthy subjects. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1033-1043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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219
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Abstract
Direct current stimulation is a neuromodulatory noninvasive brain stimulation tool, which was first introduced in animal and human experiments in the 1950s, and added to the standard arsenal of methods to alter brain physiology as well as psychological, motor, and behavioral processes and clinical symptoms in neurological and psychiatric diseases about 20 years ago. In contrast to other noninvasive brain stimulation tools, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, it does not directly induce cerebral activity, but rather alters spontaneous brain activity and excitability by subthreshold modulation of neuronal membranes. Beyond acute effects on brain functions, specific protocols are suited to induce long-lasting alterations of cortical excitability and activity, which share features with long-term potentiation and depression. These neuroplastic processes are important foundations for various cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation and are pathologically altered in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. This explains the increasing interest to investigate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a therapeutic tool. However, for tDCS to be used effectively, it is crucial to be informed about physiological mechanisms of action. These have been increasingly elucidated during the last years. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge available regarding physiological mechanisms of tDCS, spanning from acute regional effects, over neuroplastic effects to its impact on cerebral networks. Although knowledge about the physiological effects of tDCS is still not complete, this might help to guide applications on a scientifically sound foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen
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220
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Li J, Liu X, Yin X, Li S, Wang P, Niu X, Zhu C. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Right Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Changes a priori Normative Beliefs in Voluntary Cooperation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:606. [PMID: 30233294 PMCID: PMC6127276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A priori normative beliefs, the precondition of social norm compliance that reflects culture and values, are considered unique to human social behavior. Previous studies related to the ultimatum game revealed that right lateral prefrontal cortex (rLPFC) has no stimulation effects on normative beliefs. However, no research has focused on the effects of a priori belief on the rLPFC in voluntary cooperation attached to the public good (PG) game. In this study, we used a linear asymmetric PG to confirm the influence of the rLPFC on a priori normative beliefs without threats of external punishment through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Participants engaged via computer terminals in groups of four (i.e., two high-endowment players with 35G$ and two low-endowment players with 23G$). They were anonymous and had no communication during the entire process. They were randomly assigned to receive 15 min of either anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation and then asked to answer questions concerning a priori normative beliefs (norm.belief and pg.belief). Results suggested that anodal/cathodal tDCS significantly (P < 0.001) shifted the participants' a priori normative beliefs in opposite directions compared to the shift in the sham group. In addition, different identities exhibited varying degrees of change (28.80-54.43%). These outcomes provide neural evidence of the rLPFC mechanism's effect on the normative beliefs in voluntary cooperation based on the PG framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Li
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Economics and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xile Yin
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaiqi Li
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Business School, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofei Niu
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengkang Zhu
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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221
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Foerster ÁS, Rezaee Z, Paulus W, Nitsche MA, Dutta A. Effects of Cathode Location and the Size of Anode on Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Leg Motor Area in Healthy Humans. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:443. [PMID: 30022928 PMCID: PMC6039564 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) involves passing low currents through the brain and is a promising tool for the modulation of cortical excitability. In this study, we investigated the effects of cathode location and the size of anode for anodal tDCS of the right-leg area of the motor cortex, which is challenging due to its depth and orientation in the inter-hemispheric fissure. Methods: We first computationally investigated the effects of cathode location and the size of the anode to find the best montage for specificity of stimulation effects for the targeted leg motor area using finite element analysis (FEA). We then compared the best electrode montage found from FEA with the conventional montage (contralateral supraorbital cathode) via neurophysiological testing of both, the targeted as well as the contralateral leg motor area. Results: The conventional anodal tDCS electrode montage for leg motor cortex stimulation using a large-anode (5 cm × 7 cm, current strength 2 mA) affected the contralateral side more strongly in both the FEA and the neurophysiological testing when compared to other electrode montages. A small-anode (3.5 cm × 1 cm at 0.2 mA) with the same current density at the electrode surface and identical contralateral supraorbital cathode placement improved specificity. The best cathode location for the small-anode in terms of specificity for anodal tDCS of the right-leg motor area was T7 (10-10 EEG system). Conclusion: A small-anode (3.5 cm × 1 cm) with the same current density at the electrode surface as a large-anode (5 cm × 7 cm) resulted in similar cortical excitability alterations of the targeted leg motor cortex respresentation. In relation to the other stimulation conditions, the small-anode montage with the cathode positioned at T7 resulted in the best specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águida S Foerster
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,IfADo - Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zeynab Rezaee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- IfADo - Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, United States
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222
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Li J, Liu X, Yin X, Li S, Wang G, Niu X, Zhu C. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Altered Voluntary Cooperative Norms Compliance Under Equal Decision-Making Power. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:265. [PMID: 30018541 PMCID: PMC6037845 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Social norms play an essential role in human interactions and the development of the evolution of human history. Extensive studies corroborate that compliance with social norms typically requires a punishment threat as almost always specific individuals have self-interests that tempt them to violate the norm. Neural imaging studies demonstrate that lateral orbitofrontal cortex (LOFC) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) are activated when individuals decide to increase social norm compliance when punishment is possible. Moreover, rDLPFC is affirmed to be involved in social norm compliance with or without external punishment threats in a series of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) research. However, these neuroscience studies are based on the ultimatum game (UG) in which the decision-making power between the proposer and the responder is unequal, and no studies support the causal relationship between rDLPFC and voluntary cooperative norms compliance among the equal decision-making power of subjects. Whether modulating the excitability of rDLPFC, which plays a role in norm compliance, alters the extent of compliance with voluntary cooperative norms under equal decision-making power and how norms from different types with asymmetric endowment influence compliance remain unknown. The present study aimed to provide evidence of a direct link between the neural and behavioral results through the application of tDCS over rDLPFC on compliance with voluntary cooperative norms under equal decision-making power. Results verified that activating rDLPFC altered voluntary cooperative norms compliance of all our participants and significant effect over different initial endowments was observed. The role of norm.own and norm.other in compliance was changed in the anodal treatment. Findings validate that enhancing the excitability of the rDLPFC using tDCS leads to high compliance in voluntary cooperation and this effect is specific to equal decision-making power rather than unequal decision-making power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Li
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xile Yin
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaiqi Li
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangrong Wang
- Neural Decision Science Laboratory, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaofei Niu
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengkang Zhu
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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223
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Jeon DW, Jung DU, Kim SJ, Shim JC, Moon JJ, Seo YS, Jung SS, Seo BJ, Kim JE, Oh M, Kim YN. Adjunct transcranial direct current stimulation improves cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia: A double-blind 12-week study. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:378-385. [PMID: 30955702 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of schizophrenia that has significant effects on quality of life and the activities of daily living. The present study examined the ability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve cognitive function and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Fifty-six patients with schizophrenia were randomized to real-tDCS and sham-tDCS groups. The participants were stable for a period of 3months before study enrollment. Each group received 30min of active 2-mA tDCS or sham stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (anode F3, cathode F4) once per day for 10 consecutive weekdays. The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were used to evaluate cognitive function, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale (CGI-SCH), and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) were used to evaluate symptoms at baseline, after 10 sessions, and at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS There was a significant time×group interaction, indicating that MCCB working memory (P=0.008) and overall scores (P=0.031) improved over time in the real-tDCS group compared to the sham-tDCS group. There was also a significant time×group interaction for depressive symptoms as evaluated by the CGI-SCH, which decreased over time in the real-tDCS group (P=0.041). tDCS treatment combined with antipsychotic medication was generally well-tolerated and safe. CONCLUSIONS Adjunct tDCS treatment is safe and effective for improving cognitive status in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Un Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Shim
- Shim Joo Cheol Psychiatry Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Sharing and Happiness Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Sharing and Happiness Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Joo Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Metropolitan Mental Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Metropolitan Mental Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Na Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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224
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Swanson CW, Proessl F. High-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation of the right M1 further facilitates left M1 excitability during crossed facilitation. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:4-6. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00177.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabibel et al. (J Neurophysiol 119: 1266–1272, 2018) report non-polarity-specific effects of high-definition direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on crossed facilitation (CF), demonstrated by complex excitatory and inhibitory interhemispheric interactions coupled with HD-tDCS. Choosing a variety of stimulation and muscle contraction parameters and having all participants undergo anodal, cathodal, and sham stimulation may increase the current understanding of HD-tDCS on CF. Furthermore, complementary metrics like the ipsilateral silent period may provide more clarity regarding the polarity-specific enhancement of HD-tDCS on CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton W. Swanson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Felix Proessl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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225
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Mikkonen M, Laakso I, Sumiya M, Koyama S, Hirata A, Tanaka S. TMS Motor Thresholds Correlate With TDCS Electric Field Strengths in Hand Motor Area. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:426. [PMID: 29988501 PMCID: PMC6026630 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) modulates cortical activity and influences motor and cognitive functions in both healthy and clinical populations. However, there is large inter-individual variability in the responses to TDCS. Computational studies have suggested that inter-individual differences in cranial and brain anatomy may contribute to this variability via creating varying electric fields in the brain. This implies that the electric fields or their strength and orientation should be considered and incorporated when selecting the TDCS dose. Unfortunately, electric field modeling is difficult to perform; thus, a more-robust and practical method of estimating the strength of TDCS electric fields for experimental use is required. As recent studies have revealed a relationship between the sensitivity to TMS and motor cortical TDCS after-effects, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether the resting motor threshold (RMT), a simple measure of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) sensitivity, would be useful for estimating TDCS electric field strengths in the hand area of primary motor cortex (M1). To achieve this, we measured the RMT in 28 subjects. We also obtained magnetic resonance images from each subject to build individual three-dimensional anatomic models, which were used in solving the TDCS and TMS electric fields using the finite element method (FEM). Then, we calculated the correlation between the measured RMT and the modeled TDCS electric fields. We found that the RMT correlated with the TDCS electric fields in hand M1 (R2 = 0.58), but no obvious correlations were identified in regions outside M1. The found correlation was mainly due to a correlation between the TDCS and TMS electric fields, both of which were affected by individual's anatomic features. In conclusion, the RMT could provide a useful tool for estimating cortical electric fields for motor cortical TDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mikkonen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ilkka Laakso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Motofumi Sumiya
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Soichiro Koyama
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hirata
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Psychology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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226
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Cancel LM, Arias K, Bikson M, Tarbell JM. Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9265. [PMID: 29915178 PMCID: PMC6006334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of direct current stimulation (DCS) on fluid and solute transport across endothelial cell (EC) monolayers in vitro. Our motivation was transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that has been investigated for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, to enhance neurorehabilitation, and to change cognition in healthy subjects. The mechanisms underlying this diversity of applications remain under investigation. To address the possible role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) changes during tDCS, we applied direct current to cultured EC monolayers in a specially designed chamber that generated spatially uniform direct current. DCS induced fluid and solute movement across EC layers that persisted only for the duration of the stimulation suggesting an electroosmosis mechanism. The direction of induced transport reversed with DCS polarity - a hallmark of the electroosmotic effect. The magnitude of DCS-induced flow was linearly correlated to the magnitude of the applied current. A mathematical model based on a two-pore description of the endothelial transport barrier and a Helmholtz model of the electrical double layer describes the experimental data accurately and predicts enhanced significance of this mechanism in less permeable monolayers. This study demonstrates that DCS transiently alters the transport function of the BBB suggesting a new adjunct mechanism of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limary M Cancel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherin Arias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, USA
| | - John M Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, USA.
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227
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Effects of TDCS dosage on working memory in healthy participants. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:518-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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228
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Cespón J, Miniussi C, Pellicciari MC. Interventional programmes to improve cognition during healthy and pathological ageing: Cortical modulations and evidence for brain plasticity. Ageing Res Rev 2018. [PMID: 29522820 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that healthy elderly individuals and patients with Alzheimer's disease retain an important potential for neuroplasticity. This review summarizes studies investigating the modulation of neural activity and structural brain integrity in response to interventions involving cognitive training, physical exercise and non-invasive brain stimulation in healthy elderly and cognitively impaired subjects (including patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease). Moreover, given the clinical relevance of neuroplasticity, we discuss how evidence for neuroplasticity can be inferred from the functional and structural brain changes observed after implementing these interventions. We emphasize that multimodal programmes, which combine several types of interventions, improve cognitive function to a greater extent than programmes that use a single interventional approach. We suggest specific methods for weighting the relative importance of cognitive training, physical exercise and non-invasive brain stimulation according to the functional and structural state of the brain of the targeted subject to maximize the cognitive improvements induced by multimodal programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cespón
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Spain.
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy
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229
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Bikson M, Brunoni AR, Charvet LE, Clark VP, Cohen LG, Deng ZD, Dmochowski J, Edwards DJ, Frohlich F, Kappenman ES, Lim KO, Loo C, Mantovani A, McMullen DP, Parra LC, Pearson M, Richardson JD, Rumsey JM, Sehatpour P, Sommers D, Unal G, Wassermann EM, Woods AJ, Lisanby SH. Rigor and reproducibility in research with transcranial electrical stimulation: An NIMH-sponsored workshop. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:465-480. [PMID: 29398575 PMCID: PMC5997279 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders are a leading source of disability and require novel treatments that target mechanisms of disease. As such disorders are thought to result from aberrant neuronal circuit activity, neuromodulation approaches are of increasing interest given their potential for manipulating circuits directly. Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) with direct currents (transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) or alternating currents (transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS) represent novel, safe, well-tolerated, and relatively inexpensive putative treatment modalities. OBJECTIVE This report seeks to promote the science, technology and effective clinical applications of these modalities, identify research challenges, and suggest approaches for addressing these needs in order to achieve rigorous, reproducible findings that can advance clinical treatment. METHODS The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a workshop in September 2016 that brought together experts in basic and human neuroscience, electrical stimulation biophysics and devices, and clinical trial methods to examine the physiological mechanisms underlying tDCS/tACS, technologies and technical strategies for optimizing stimulation protocols, and the state of the science with respect to therapeutic applications and trial designs. RESULTS Advances in understanding mechanisms, methodological and technological improvements (e.g., electronics, computational models to facilitate proper dosing), and improved clinical trial designs are poised to advance rigorous, reproducible therapeutic applications of these techniques. A number of challenges were identified and meeting participants made recommendations made to address them. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations align with requirements in NIMH funding opportunity announcements to, among other needs, define dosimetry, demonstrate dose/response relationships, implement rigorous blinded trial designs, employ computational modeling, and demonstrate target engagement when testing stimulation-based interventions for the treatment of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, United States
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leigh E Charvet
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jacek Dmochowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, United States
| | - Dylan J Edwards
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Human Motor Control Laboratory, Burke Rehabilitation and Research, Burke-Cornell Medical Research Facility, White Plains, New York and School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Flavio Frohlich
- Department of Psychiatry, Cell Biology and Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neurology, Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Veterans Administration Health Care System, and Defense Veterans Brain Injury Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Colleen Loo
- School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antonio Mantovani
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - David P McMullen
- Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lucas C Parra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, United States
| | - Michele Pearson
- Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jessica D Richardson
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Judith M Rumsey
- Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Pejman Sehatpour
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Sommers
- Scientific Review Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gozde Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, United States
| | - Eric M Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adam J Woods
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sarah H Lisanby
- Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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230
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Vignaud P, Mondino M, Poulet E, Palm U, Brunelin J. Duration but not intensity influences transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) after-effects on cortical excitability. Neurophysiol Clin 2018; 48:89-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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231
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Hordacre B, Goldsworthy MR. Commentary: Cooperation Not Competition: Bihemispheric tDCS and fMRI Show Role for Ipsilateral Hemisphere in Motor Learning. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:97. [PMID: 29599713 PMCID: PMC5862803 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brenton Hordacre
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mitchell R Goldsworthy
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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232
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Foerster Á, Dutta A, Kuo M, Paulus W, Nitsche MA. Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over lower limb primary motor cortex on motor learning in healthy individuals. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:779-789. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Águida Foerster
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Germany
- Deptartment Psychology and Neurosciences Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Leibniz‐Institut für Arbeitsforschung Ardeystr. 67 44139 Dortmund Germany
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA
| | - Min‐Fang Kuo
- Deptartment Psychology and Neurosciences Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Leibniz‐Institut für Arbeitsforschung Ardeystr. 67 44139 Dortmund Germany
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael A. Nitsche
- Deptartment Psychology and Neurosciences Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Leibniz‐Institut für Arbeitsforschung Ardeystr. 67 44139 Dortmund Germany
- Department of Neurology University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum Germany
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233
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Kaczmarek D, Jankowska E. DC-Evoked Modulation of Excitability of Myelinated Nerve Fibers and Their Terminal Branches; Differences in Sustained Effects of DC. Neuroscience 2018; 374:236-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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234
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Nitsche MA, Bikson M. Extending the parameter range for tDCS: Safety and tolerability of 4 mA stimulation. Brain Stimul 2018; 10:541-542. [PMID: 28456325 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Marom Bikson
- Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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235
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Transspinal Direct Current Stimulation Produces Persistent Plasticity in Human Motor Pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:717. [PMID: 29335430 PMCID: PMC5768745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord is an integration center for descending, ascending, and segmental neural signals. Noninvasive transspinal stimulation may thus constitute an effective method for concomitant modulation of local and distal neural circuits. In this study, we established changes in cortical excitability and input/output function of corticospinal and spinal neural circuits before, at 0–15 and at 30–45 minutes after cathodal, anodal, and sham transspinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) to the thoracic region in healthy individuals. We found that intracortical inhibition was different among stimulation polarities, however remained unchanged over time. Intracortical facilitation increased after cathodal and anodal tsDCS delivered with subjects seated, and decreased after cathodal tsDCS delivered with subjects lying supine. Both cathodal and anodal tsDCS increased corticospinal excitability, yet facilitation was larger and persisted for 30 minutes post stimulation only when cathodal tsDCS was delivered with subjects lying supine. Spinal input/output reflex function was decreased by cathodal and not anodal tsDCS. These changes may be attributed to altered spontaneous neural activity and membrane potentials of corticomotoneuronal cells by tsDCS involving similar mechanisms to those mediating motor learning. Our findings indicate that thoracic tsDCS has the ability to concomitantly alter cortical, corticospinal, and spinal motor output in humans.
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236
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Poststimulation time interval-dependent effects of motor cortex anodal tDCS on reaction-time task performance. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:167-175. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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237
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Külzow N, Cavalcanti de Sousa AV, Cesarz M, Hanke JM, Günsberg A, Harder S, Koblitz S, Grittner U, Flöel A. No Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Multiple Sessions of Object-Location-Memory Training in Healthy Older Adults. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:746. [PMID: 29375290 PMCID: PMC5767718 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Object-location memory (OLM) is known to decline with normal aging, a process accelerated in pathological conditions like mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In order to maintain cognitive health and to delay the transition from healthy to pathological conditions, novel strategies are being explored. Tentative evidence suggests that combining cognitive training and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS), both reported to induce small and often inconsistent behavioral improvements, could generate larger or more consistent improvements or both, compared to each intervention alone. Here, we explored the combined efficacy of these techniques on OLM. In a subject-blind sham-controlled cross-over design 32 healthy older adults underwent a 3-day visuospatial training paired with either anodal (20 min) or sham (30 s) atDCS (1 mA, temporoparietal). Subjects were asked to learn the correct object-location pairings on a street map, shown over five learning blocks on each training day. Acquisition performance was assessed by accuracy on a given learning block in terms of percentage of correct responses. Training success (performance on last training day) and delayed memory after 1-month were analyzed by mixed model analysis and were controlled for gender, age, education, sequence of stimulation and baseline performance. Exploratory analysis of atDCS effects on within-session (online) and between-session (offline) memory performance were conducted. Moreover, transfer effects on similar trained (visuospatial) and less similar (visuo-constructive, verbal) untrained memory tasks were explored, both immediately after training, and on follow-up. We found that atDCS paired with OLM-training did not enhance success in training or performance in 1-month delayed memory or transfer tasks. In sum, this study did not support the notion that the combined atDCS-training approach improves immediate or delayed OLM in older adults. However, specifics of the experimental design, and a non-optimal timing of atDCS between sessions might have masked beneficial effects and should be more systematically addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Külzow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelica Vieira Cavalcanti de Sousa
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Cesarz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julie-Marie Hanke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alida Günsberg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Solvejg Harder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Swantje Koblitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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238
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Esmaeilpour Z, Marangolo P, Hampstead BM, Bestmann S, Galletta E, Knotkova H, Bikson M. Incomplete evidence that increasing current intensity of tDCS boosts outcomes. Brain Stimul 2017; 11:310-321. [PMID: 29258808 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is investigated to modulate neuronal function by applying a fixed low-intensity direct current to scalp. OBJECTIVES We critically discuss evidence for a monotonic response in effect size with increasing current intensity, with a specific focus on a question if increasing applied current enhance the efficacy of tDCS. METHODS We analyzed tDCS intensity does-response from different perspectives including biophysical modeling, animal modeling, human neurophysiology, neuroimaging and behavioral/clinical measures. Further, we discuss approaches to design dose-response trials. RESULTS Physical models predict electric field in the brain increases with applied tDCS intensity. Data from animal studies are lacking since a range of relevant low-intensities is rarely tested. Results from imaging studies are ambiguous while human neurophysiology, including using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a probe, suggests a complex state-dependent non-monotonic dose response. The diffusivity of brain current flow produced by conventional tDCS montages complicates this analysis, with relatively few studies on focal High Definition (HD)-tDCS. In behavioral and clinical trials, only a limited range of intensities (1-2 mA), and typically just one intensity, are conventionally tested; moreover, outcomes are subject brain-state dependent. Measurements and models of current flow show that for the same applied current, substantial differences in brain current occur across individuals. Trials are thus subject to inter-individual differences that complicate consideration of population-level dose response. CONCLUSION The presence or absence of simple dose response does not impact how efficacious a given tDCS dose is for a given indication. Understanding dose-response in human applications of tDCS is needed for protocol optimization including individualized dose to reduce outcome variability, which requires intelligent design of dose-response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Esmaeilpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY 10031, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Paola Marangolo
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, University Federico II, Naples and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome Italy
| | - Benjamin M Hampstead
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Galletta
- Rusk Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, USA
| | - Helena Knotkova
- MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA; Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY 10031, USA
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239
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Wang P, Wang G, Niu X, Shang H, Li J. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex on the Gratitude of Individuals with Heterogeneous Ability in an Experimental Labor Market. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:217. [PMID: 29209179 PMCID: PMC5701631 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gratitude is an important aspect of human sociality, which benefits mental health and interpersonal relationships. Thus, elucidating the neural mechanism of gratitude, which is only now beginning to be investigated, is important. To this end, this study specifies the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) involved in the gratitude of heterogeneous individuals using the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) technique. Previous neural studies have shown the involvement of mPFC in social cognition and value evaluation, which are closely related to gratitude. However, the causal relationship between this neural area and gratitude has not been fully examined and the effect of individual social heterogeneity has been ignored. Meanwhile, behavioral economics studies have proposed that the abilities of employees in the labor market would affect their gratitude and emotional response. Thus, we designed an experiment based on gift exchange game to investigate the relationship between mPFC and gratitude of heterogeneous employees. Before the experiment, participants were asked to perform self-cognition of their abilities through an appropriately difficult task. We then used the effort of participants to imply their gratitude and analyzed the effort levels of employees with different abilities under anodal, cathodal, and sham stimulations. The results showed that employees under anodal stimulation were significantly likely to increase their effort than those under sham stimulation, and employees under cathodal stimulation ranked at the bottom of the list. Moreover, the effort levels of low-ability employees were obviously higher than those of high-ability employees. The cathodal stimulation of mPFC significantly reduced the effort levels of low-ability employees, whereas its anodal tDCS stimulation increased the effort levels of high-ability employees. These outcomes verify the relationship between mPFC and gratitude using tDCS and provided one of the first instances of neural evidence for the incentive mechanism design in the labor market to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Business School, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin, China.,Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangrong Wang
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Neural Decision Science Laboratory, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaofei Niu
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiliang Shang
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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241
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Rawji V, Ciocca M, Zacharia A, Soares D, Truong D, Bikson M, Rothwell J, Bestmann S. tDCS changes in motor excitability are specific to orientation of current flow. Brain Stimul 2017; 11:289-298. [PMID: 29146468 PMCID: PMC5805821 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Measurements and models of current flow in the brain during transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) indicate stimulation of regions in-between electrodes. Moreover, the folded cortex results in local fluctuations in current flow intensity and direction, and animal studies suggest current flow direction relative to cortical columns determines response to tDCS. Methods Here we test this idea by using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Motor Evoked Potentials (TMS-MEP) to measure changes in corticospinal excitability following tDCS applied with electrodes aligned orthogonal (across) or parallel to M1 in the central sulcus. Results Current flow models predicted that the orthogonal electrode montage produces consistently oriented current across the hand region of M1 that flows along cortical columns, while the parallel electrode montage produces non-uniform current directions across the M1 cortical surface. We find that orthogonal, but not parallel, orientated tDCS modulates TMS-MEPs. We also show modulation is sensitive to the orientation of the TMS coil (PA or AP), which is thought to select different afferent pathways to M1. Conclusions Our results are consistent with tDCS producing directionally specific neuromodulation in brain regions in-between electrodes, but shows nuanced changes in excitability that are presumably current direction relative to column and axon pathway specific. We suggest that the direction of current flow through cortical target regions should be considered for targeting and dose-control of tDCS. Direction of current flow is important for tDCS after-effects. tDCS modulates excitability between two electrodes. tDCS differentially modulates PA and AP inputs into M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Rawji
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matteo Ciocca
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - André Zacharia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Soares
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dennis Truong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York City, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York City, USA
| | - John Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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242
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Bikson M, Paneri B, Mourdoukoutas A, Esmaeilpour Z, Badran BW, Azzam R, Adair D, Datta A, Fang XH, Wingeier B, Chao D, Alonso-Alonso M, Lee K, Knotkova H, Woods AJ, Hagedorn D, Jeffery D, Giordano J, Tyler WJ. Limited output transcranial electrical stimulation (LOTES-2017): Engineering principles, regulatory statutes, and industry standards for wellness, over-the-counter, or prescription devices with low risk. Brain Stimul 2017; 11:134-157. [PMID: 29122535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present device standards for low-power non-invasive electrical brain stimulation devices classified as limited output transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Emerging applications of limited output tES to modulate brain function span techniques to stimulate brain or nerve structures, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS), have engendered discussion on how access to technology should be regulated. In regards to legal regulations and manufacturing standards for comparable technologies, a comprehensive framework already exists, including quality systems (QS), risk management, and (inter)national electrotechnical standards (IEC). In Part 1, relevant statutes are described for medical and wellness application. While agencies overseeing medical devices have broad jurisdiction, enforcement typically focuses on those devices with medical claims or posing significant risk. Consumer protections regarding responsible marketing and manufacture apply regardless. In Part 2 of this paper, we classify the electrical output performance of devices cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) including over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription electrostimulation devices, devices available for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes, and devices indicated for stimulation of the body or head. Examples include iontophoresis devices, powered muscle stimulators (PMS), cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) devices. Spanning over 13 FDA product codes, more than 1200 electrical stimulators have been cleared for marketing since 1977. The output characteristics of conventional tDCS, tACS, and tPCS techniques are well below those of most FDA cleared devices, including devices that are available OTC and those intended for stimulation on the head. This engineering analysis demonstrates that with regard to output performance and standing regulation, the availability of tDCS, tACS, or tPCS to the public would not introduce risk, provided such devices are responsibly manufactured and legally marketed. In Part 3, we develop voluntary manufacturer guidance for limited output tES that is aligned with current regulatory standards. Based on established medical engineering and scientific principles, we outline a robust and transparent technical framework for ensuring limited output tES devices are designed to minimize risks, while also supporting access and innovation. Alongside applicable medical and government activities, this voluntary industry standard (LOTES-2017) further serves an important role in supporting informed decisions by the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marom Bikson
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Bhaskar Paneri
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Andoni Mourdoukoutas
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Zeinab Esmaeilpour
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Bashar W Badran
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Devin Adair
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Xiao Hui Fang
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Daniel Chao
- Halo Neuroscience Inc., San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Miguel Alonso-Alonso
- Harvard Medical School, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiwon Lee
- Ybrain Inc., Sampyeong-dong, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Helena Knotkova
- MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA; Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, USA
| | | | | | - James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William J Tyler
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Elsner B, Kwakkel G, Kugler J, Mehrholz J. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving capacity in activities and arm function after stroke: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017; 14:95. [PMID: 28903772 PMCID: PMC5598049 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-017-0301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging approach for improving capacity in activities of daily living (ADL) and upper limb function after stroke. However, it remains unclear what type of tDCS stimulation is most effective. Our aim was to give an overview of the evidence network regarding the efficacy and safety of tDCS and to estimate the effectiveness of the different stimulation types. METHODS We performed a systematic review of randomised trials using network meta-analysis (NMA), searching the following databases until 5 July 2016: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, Web of Science, and four other databases. We included studies with adult people with stroke. We compared any kind of active tDCS (anodal, cathodal, or dual, that is applying anodal and cathodal tDCS concurrently) regarding improvement of our primary outcome of ADL capacity, versus control, after stroke. PROSPERO ID CRD42016042055. RESULTS We included 26 studies with 754 participants. Our NMA showed evidence of an effect of cathodal tDCS in improving our primary outcome, that of ADL capacity (standardized mean difference, SMD = 0.42; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.70). tDCS did not improve our secondary outcome, that of arm function, measured by the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FM-UE). There was no difference in safety between tDCS and its control interventions, measured by the number of dropouts and adverse events. CONCLUSION Comparing different forms of tDCS shows that cathodal tDCS is the most promising treatment option to improve ADL capacity in people with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Elsner
- Department of Public Health, Dresden Medical School, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Physiotherapy, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences Gera, Gera, Germany.
| | - Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neurorehabilitation, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Joachim Kugler
- Department of Public Health, Dresden Medical School, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Mehrholz
- Department of Public Health, Dresden Medical School, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Physiotherapy, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences Gera, Gera, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Institut, Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, Kreischa, Germany
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245
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O'Shea J, Revol P, Cousijn H, Near J, Petitet P, Jacquin-Courtois S, Johansen-Berg H, Rode G, Rossetti Y. Induced sensorimotor cortex plasticity remediates chronic treatment-resistant visual neglect. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28893377 PMCID: PMC5595432 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Right brain injury causes visual neglect - lost awareness of left space. During prism adaptation therapy, patients adapt to a rightward optical shift by recalibrating right arm movements leftward. This can improve left neglect, but the benefit of a single session is transient (~1 day). Here we show that tonic disinhibition of left motor cortex during prism adaptation enhances consolidation, stabilizing both sensorimotor and cognitive prism after-effects. In three longitudinal patient case series, just 20 min of combined stimulation/adaptation caused persistent cognitive after-effects (neglect improvement) that lasted throughout follow-up (18–46 days). Moreover, adaptation without stimulation was ineffective. Thus stimulation reversed treatment resistance in chronic visual neglect. These findings challenge consensus that because the left hemisphere in neglect is pathologically over-excited it ought to be suppressed. Excitation of left sensorimotor circuits, during an adaptive cognitive state, can unmask latent plastic potential that durably improves resistant visual attention deficits after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta O'Shea
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct (Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action & Cognition) team INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Bron, France.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Patrice Revol
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct (Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action & Cognition) team INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Bron, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Mouvement et Handicap, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis-Laval, France
| | - Helena Cousijn
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Near
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Petitet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Jacquin-Courtois
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct (Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action & Cognition) team INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Bron, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Rééducation Neurologique, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis-Laval, France
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Rode
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct (Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action & Cognition) team INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Bron, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Rééducation Neurologique, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis-Laval, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct (Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action & Cognition) team INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Bron, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Mouvement et Handicap, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Saint Genis-Laval, France
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Chrysikou EG, Berryhill ME, Bikson M, Coslett HB. Editorial: Revisiting the Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation for Cognition: Evidence, Challenges, and Open Questions. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:448. [PMID: 28943844 PMCID: PMC5596096 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of New YorkNew York, NY, United States
| | - H Branch Coslett
- Department of Neurology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
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Dissanayaka T, Zoghi M, Farrell M, Egan GF, Jaberzadeh S. Does transcranial electrical stimulation enhance corticospinal excitability of the motor cortex in healthy individuals? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1968-1990. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Department of Physiotherapy; School of Primary Health Care; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport; School of Allied Health; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- Monash Biomedical Imaging; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Gary F. Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Department of Physiotherapy; School of Primary Health Care; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Leow LA, Marinovic W, Riek S, Carroll TJ. Cerebellar anodal tDCS increases implicit learning when strategic re-aiming is suppressed in sensorimotor adaptation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179977. [PMID: 28686607 PMCID: PMC5501480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological and neuroimaging work suggests that the cerebellum is critically involved in sensorimotor adaptation. Changes in cerebellar function alter behaviour when compensating for sensorimotor perturbations, as shown by non-invasive stimulation of the cerebellum and studies involving patients with cerebellar degeneration. It is known, however, that behavioural responses to sensorimotor perturbations reflect both explicit processes (such as volitional aiming to one side of a target to counteract a rotation of visual feedback) and implicit, error-driven updating of sensorimotor maps. The contribution of the cerebellum to these explicit and implicit processes remains unclear. Here, we examined the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor adaptation to a 30° rotation of visual feedback of hand position during target-reaching, when the capacity to use explicit processes was manipulated by controlling movement preparation times. Explicit re-aiming was suppressed in one condition by requiring subjects to initiate their movements within 300ms of target presentation, and permitted in another condition by requiring subjects to wait approximately 1050ms after target presentation before movement initiation. Similar to previous work, applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; 1.5mA) to the right cerebellum during adaptation resulted in faster compensation for errors imposed by the rotation. After exposure to the rotation, we evaluated implicit remapping in no-feedback trials after providing participants with explicit knowledge that the rotation had been removed. Crucially, movements were more adapted in these no-feedback trials following cerebellar anodal tDCS than after sham stimulation in both long and short preparation groups. Thus, cerebellar anodal tDCS increased implicit remapping during sensorimotor adaptation, irrespective of preparation time constraints. The results are consistent with the possibility that the cerebellum contributes to the formation of new visuomotor maps that correct perturbations in sensory feedback, even when explicit processes are suppressed during sensorimotor adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ann Leow
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Building 26B, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Welber Marinovic
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Building 26B, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Building 401, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephan Riek
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Building 26B, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Carroll
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Building 26B, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Basic and functional effects of transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES)-An introduction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 85:81-92. [PMID: 28688701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been gaining increased popularity in human neuroscience research during the last years. Among the emerging NIBS tools is transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), whose main modalities are transcranial direct, and alternating current stimulation (tDCS, tACS). In tES, a small current (usually less than 3mA) is delivered through the scalp. Depending on its shape, density, and duration, the applied current induces acute or long-lasting effects on excitability and activity of cerebral regions, and brain networks. tES is increasingly applied in different domains to (a) explore human brain physiology with regard to plasticity, and brain oscillations, (b) explore the impact of brain physiology on cognitive processes, and (c) treat clinical symptoms in neurological and psychiatric diseases. In this review, we give a broad overview of the main mechanisms and applications of these brain stimulation tools.
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250
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Jankowska E. Spinal control of motor outputs by intrinsic and externally induced electric field potentials. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1221-1234. [PMID: 28539396 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00169.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on spinal neuronal systems, several issues regarding their role in motor behavior remain unresolved. One of these issues is how electric fields associated with the activity of spinal neurons influence the operation of spinal neuronal networks and how effects of these field potentials are combined with other means of modulating neuronal activity. Another closely related issue is how external electric field potentials affect spinal neurons and how they can be used for therapeutic purposes such as pain relief or recovery of motor functions by transspinal direct current stimulation. Nevertheless, progress in our understanding of the spinal effects of electric fields and their mechanisms has been made over the last years, and the aim of the present review is to summarize the recent findings in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Jankowska
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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