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Moulick S, Alam R, Pal AN. Sensing Remote Bulk Defects through Resistance Noise in a Large-Area Graphene Field-Effect Transistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51105-51112. [PMID: 36323003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The substrate plays a crucial role in determining the transport and low-frequency noise behavior of graphene field-effect devices. Typically, a heavily doped Si/SiO2 substrate is used to fabricate these devices for efficient gating. Trapping-detrapping processes close to the graphene/substrate interface are the dominant sources of resistance fluctuations in the graphene channel, while Coulomb fluctuations arising due to any remote charge fluctuations inside the bulk of the substrate are effectively screened by the heavily doped substrate. Here, we present the electronic transport and low-frequency noise characteristics of a large-area CVD graphene field-effect transistor (FET) prepared on a lightly doped Si/SiO2 substrate (NA ≈ 1015 cm-3). Through a systematic characterization of transport, noise, and capacitance at various temperatures, we reveal that the remote Si/SiO2 interface can affect the charge transport in graphene severely and any charge fluctuations inside the bulk of the silicon substrate can be sensed by the graphene channel. The resistance (R) vs back-gate voltage (Vbg) characteristics of the device show a hump around the depletion region formed at the SiO2/Si interface, confirmed by the capacitance (C)-voltage (V) measurement. A low-frequency noise measurement on these fabricated devices shows a peak in the noise amplitude close to the depletion region. This indicates that due to the absence of any charge layer at the Si/SiO2 interface, the screening ability decreases, and as a consequence, any fluctuations in the deep-level Coulomb impurities inside the silicon substrate can be observed as noise in resistance in the graphene channel via mobility fluctuations. The noise behavior on ionic liquid-gated graphene on the same substrate exhibits no such peak in noise and can be explained by the interfacial trapping-detrapping processes close to the graphene channel. Our study will definitely be useful for integrating graphene with the existing silicon technology, in particular, for high-frequency applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhadip Moulick
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata700106, India
| | - Rafiqul Alam
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata700106, India
| | - Atindra Nath Pal
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata700106, India
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202
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Kanjwal MA, Ghaferi AA. Graphene Incorporated Electrospun Nanofiber for Electrochemical Sensing and Biomedical Applications: A Critical Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8661. [PMID: 36433257 PMCID: PMC9697565 DOI: 10.3390/s22228661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary material graphene arrived in the fields of engineering and science to instigate a material revolution in 2004. Graphene has promptly risen as the super star due to its outstanding properties. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon and is made up of sp2-bonded carbon atoms placed in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Graphite consists of stacked layers of graphene. Due to the distinctive structural features as well as excellent physico-chemical and electrical conductivity, graphene allows remarkable improvement in the performance of electrospun nanofibers (NFs), which results in the enhancement of promising applications in NF-based sensor and biomedical technologies. Electrospinning is an easy, economical, and versatile technology depending on electrostatic repulsion between the surface charges to generate fibers from the extensive list of polymeric and ceramic materials with diameters down to a few nanometers. NFs have emerged as important and attractive platform with outstanding properties for biosensing and biomedical applications, because of their excellent functional features, that include high porosity, high surface area to volume ratio, high catalytic and charge transfer, much better electrical conductivity, controllable nanofiber mat configuration, biocompatibility, and bioresorbability. The inclusion of graphene nanomaterials (GNMs) into NFs is highly desirable. Pre-processing techniques and post-processing techniques to incorporate GNMs into electrospun polymer NFs are precisely discussed. The accomplishment and the utilization of NFs containing GNMs in the electrochemical biosensing pathway for the detection of a broad range biological analytes are discussed. Graphene oxide (GO) has great importance and potential in the biomedical field and can imitate the composition of the extracellular matrix. The oxygen-rich GO is hydrophilic in nature and easily disperses in water, and assists in cell growth, drug delivery, and antimicrobial properties of electrospun nanofiber matrices. NFs containing GO for tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, wound healing applications, and medical equipment are discussed. NFs containing GO have importance in biomedical applications, which include engineered cardiac patches, instrument coatings, and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for motion sensing applications. This review deals with graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) such as GO incorporated electrospun polymeric NFs for biosensing and biomedical applications, that can bridge the gap between the laboratory facility and industry.
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203
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Hadid J, Colambo I, Avila J, Plaud A, Boyaval C, Deresmes D, Nuns N, Dudin P, Loiseau A, Barjon J, Wallart X, Vignaud D. Molecular beam epitaxial growth of multilayer 2D-boron nitride on Ni substrates from borazine and plasma-activated nitrogen. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:035601. [PMID: 36228546 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac99e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
2D boron nitride (2D-BN) was synthesized by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy on polycrystalline and monocrystalline Ni substrates using gaseous borazine and active nitrogen generated by a remote plasma source. The excess of nitrogen atoms allows to overcome the thickness self-limitation active on Ni when using borazine alone. The nucleation density and the shape of the 2D-BN domains are clearly related to the Ni substrate preparation and to the growth parameters. Based on spatially-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and on the detection of the π plasmon peak, we discuss the origin of the N1s and B1s components and their relationship with an electronic coupling at the interface. After optimization of the growth parameters, a full 2D-BN coverage is obtained, although the material thickness is not evenly distributed. The 2D-BN presents a granular structure on (111) oriented Ni grains, showing a rather poor cristallographic quality. On the contrary, high quality 2D-BN is found on (101) and (001) Ni grains, where triangular islands are observed whose lateral size is limited to ∼20μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Hadid
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, JUNIA ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts de France, UMR 8520-IEMN F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ivy Colambo
- Inst. Math. Sci. Phys., Univ. of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Jose Avila
- Synchrotron SOLEIL & Université Paris-Saclay, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alexandre Plaud
- Université Paris-Saclay,UVSQ, CNRS, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis,F-78035 Versailles Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures (LEM), CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 29 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France
| | - Christophe Boyaval
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, JUNIA ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts de France, UMR 8520-IEMN F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Deresmes
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, JUNIA ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts de France, UMR 8520-IEMN F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Nuns
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. d'Artois, IMEC-Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pavel Dudin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL & Université Paris-Saclay, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures (LEM), CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 29 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France
| | - Julien Barjon
- Université Paris-Saclay,UVSQ, CNRS, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis,F-78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Wallart
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, JUNIA ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts de France, UMR 8520-IEMN F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Vignaud
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, JUNIA ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts de France, UMR 8520-IEMN F-59000 Lille, France
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204
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Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites: Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214733. [PMID: 36365726 PMCID: PMC9655120 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although polymers are very important and vastly used materials, their physical properties are limited. Therefore, they are reinforced with fillers to relieve diverse restrictions and expand their application areas. The exceptional properties of graphene make it an interesting material with huge potential for application in various industries and devices. The interfacial interaction between graphene and the polymer matrix improved the uniform graphene dispersion in the polymer matrix, enhancing the general nanocomposite performance. Therefore, graphene functionalization is essential to enhance the interfacial interaction, maintain excellent properties, and obstruct graphene agglomeration. Many studies have reported that graphene/polymer nanocomposites have exceptional properties that enable diverse applications. The use of graphene/polymer nanocomposites is expected to increase sustainably and to transform from a basic to an advanced material to offer optimum solutions to industry and consumers.
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205
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Li J, Samad A, Schwingenschlögl U, Tian B, Lanza M, Zhang X. Morphology-Control Growth of Graphene Islands by Nonlinear Carbon Supply. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206080. [PMID: 36052575 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the morphology of graphene and other 2D materials in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth is crucial because the morphology reflects the crystal quality of as-synthesized nanomaterials in a certain way, and consequently it indirectly represents the physical properties of 2D materials such as bandgap, selective ion transportation, and impermeability. However, precise control of the morphology is limited by the complex formation mechanism and sensitive growth-environment factors of graphene. Therefore, the CVD synthesis of single-crystal hexagonal-shaped graphene islands with specific sizes is challenging. Herein, an unconventional nonlinear-carbon-supply growth strategy is proposed to realize controllable CVD growth of desired hexagonal graphene islands with specific sizes on Cu substrates. Large-area graphene films of isolated islands with desired densities, sizes, and distances between the islands are successfully synthesized. Subsequently, the direct growth of a planar-tunnel-junction structure based on two parallel gapped graphene islands is achieved by specific adjustment of the growth and etching processes of graphene CVD synthesis. It is therefore demonstrated that the nonlinear-carbon-supply growth strategy is a reliable method for the synthesis of high-quality graphene and can facilitate the direct growth of graphene-based nanodevices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhu Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Abdus Samad
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Udo Schwingenschlögl
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bo Tian
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Mario Lanza
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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206
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Shen J, He Y, Gao C, Yang B, Tao X, Wang M, Ye G. Catalyst-free growth of single- to few-layered graphene and carbon nanotubes on an ionic liquid surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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207
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Dimitropoulos M, Trakakis G, Androulidakis C, Kotsidi M, Galiotis C. Wrinkle-mediated CVD synthesis of wafer scale Graphene/h-BN heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:025601. [PMID: 36215949 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac98d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The combination of two-dimensional materials (2D) into heterostructures enables their integration in tunable ultrathin devices. For applications in electronics and optoelectronics, direct growth of wafer-scale and vertically stacked graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) heterostructures is vital. The fundamental problem, however, is the catalytically inert nature of h-BN substrates, which typically provide a low rate of carbon precursor breakdown and consequently a poor rate of graphene synthesis. Furthermore, out-of-plane deformations such as wrinkles are commonly seen in 2D materials grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Herein, a wrinkle-facilitated route is developed for the fast growth of graphene/h-BN vertical heterostructures on Cu foils. The key advantage of this synthetic pathway is the exploitation of the increased reactivity from inevitable line defects arising from the CVD process, which can act as active sites for graphene nucleation. The resulted heterostructures are found to exhibit superlubric properties with increased bending stiffness, as well as directional electronic properties, as revealed from atomic force microscopy measurements. This work offers a brand-new route for the fast growth of Gr/h-BN heterostructures with practical scalability, thus propelling applications in electronics and nanomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Dimitropoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Trakakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Charalampos Androulidakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Kotsidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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208
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Progress in the experimental and computational methods of work function evaluation of materials: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11030. [PMID: 36339992 PMCID: PMC9626890 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The work function, which determines the behaviour of electrons in a material, remains a crucial factor in surface science to understand the corrosion rates and interfacial engineering in making photosensitive and electron-emitting devices. The present article reviews the various experimental methods and theoretical models employed for work function measurement along with their merits and demerits are discussed. Reports from the existing methods of work function measurements that Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is the most suitable measurement technique over other experimental methods. It has been observed from the literature that the computational methods that are capable of predicting the work functions of different metals have a higher computational cost. However, the stabilized Jellium model (SJM) has the potential to predict the work function of transition metals, simple metals, rare-earth metals and inner transition metals. The metallic plasma model (MPM) can predict polycrystalline metals, while the density functional theory (DFT) is a versatile tool for predicting the lowest and highest work function of the material with higher computational cost. The high-throughput density functional theory and machine learning (HTDFTML) tools are suitable for predicting the lowest and highest work functions of extreme material surfaces with cheaper computational cost. The combined Bayesian machine learning and first principle (CBMLFP) is suitable for predicting the lowest and highest work functions of the materials with a very low computational cost. Conclusively, HTDFTML and CBMLFP should be used to explore the work functions and surface energy in complex materials.
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209
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Urade AR, Lahiri I, Suresh KS. Graphene Properties, Synthesis and Applications: A Review. JOM (WARRENDALE, PA. : 1989) 2022; 75:614-630. [PMID: 36267692 PMCID: PMC9568937 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-022-05505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated some of the most recent breakthroughs in the synthesis and applications of graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials. This review includes three major categories. The first section consists of an overview of the structure and properties, including thermal, optical, and electrical transport. Recent developments in the synthesis techniques are elaborated in the second section. A number of top-down strategies for the synthesis of graphene, including exfoliation and chemical reduction of graphene oxide, are discussed. A few bottom-up synthesis methods for graphene are also covered, including thermal chemical vapor deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, thermal decomposition of silicon, unzipping of carbon nanotubes, and others. The final section provides the recent innovations in graphene applications and the commercial availability of graphene-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha R. Urade
- Centre of Excellence: Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 India
| | - Indranil Lahiri
- Centre of Excellence: Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 India
| | - K. S. Suresh
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 India
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210
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Günder D, Diez-Cabanes V, Huttner A, Breuer T, Lemaur V, Cornil J, Witte G. F-Center-Mediated Growth of Patterned Organic Semiconductor Films on Alkali Halides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46086-46094. [PMID: 36191090 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors combine flexible tailoring of their optoelectronic properties by synthetic means with strong light-matter coupling, which is advantageous for organic electronic device applications. Although spatially selective deposition has been demonstrated, lateral patterning of organic films with simultaneous control of molecular and crystalline orientation is lacking as traditional lithography is not applicable. Here, a new patterning approach based on surface-localized F-centers (halide vacancies) generated by electron irradiation of alkali halides is presented, which allows structural control of molecular adlayers. Combining optical and atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is shown that dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) molecules adopt an upright orientation on pristine KCl surfaces, while the F-centers stabilize a recumbent orientation, and that these orientations are maintained in thicker films. This specific nucleation results also in different crystallographic morphologies, namely, densely packed islands and jagged fibers, each epitaxially aligned on the KCl surface. Spatially selective surface irradiation can also be used to create patterns of F-centers and thus laterally patterned DNTT films, which can be further transferred to any (including elastomer) substrate due to the water solubility of the alkali halide growth templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Günder
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), Université de Lorraine & CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Andrea Huttner
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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211
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Elviretti M, Lisker M, Lukose R, Lukosius M, Akhtar F, Mai A. Reliable metal-graphene contact formation process flows in a CMOS-compatible environment. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4373-4380. [PMID: 36321140 PMCID: PMC9552920 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of exploiting the enormous potential of graphene for microelectronics and photonics must go through the optimization of the graphene-metal contact. Achieving low contact resistance is essential for the consideration of graphene as a candidate material for electronic and photonic devices. This work has been carried out in an 8'' wafer pilot-line for the integration of graphene into a CMOS environment. The main focus is to study the impact of the patterning of graphene and passivation on metal-graphene contact resistance. The latter is measured by means of transmission line measurement (TLM) with several contact designs. The presented approaches enable reproducible formation of contact resistivity as low as 660 Ω μm with a sheet resistance of 1.8 kΩ/□ by proper graphene patterning, passivation of the channel and a post-processing treatment such as annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elviretti
- IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany +49 335 5625 300 +49 335 5625 346
| | - M Lisker
- IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany +49 335 5625 300 +49 335 5625 346
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany
| | - R Lukose
- IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany +49 335 5625 300 +49 335 5625 346
| | - M Lukosius
- IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany +49 335 5625 300 +49 335 5625 346
| | - F Akhtar
- IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany +49 335 5625 300 +49 335 5625 346
| | - A Mai
- IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany +49 335 5625 300 +49 335 5625 346
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany
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212
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Sfameni S, Del Tedesco A, Rando G, Truant F, Visco A, Plutino MR. Waterborne Eco-Sustainable Sol-Gel Coatings Based on Phytic Acid Intercalated Graphene Oxide for Corrosion Protection of Metallic Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912021. [PMID: 36233325 PMCID: PMC9569461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, corrosion protection of metal materials has become a global challenge, due to its great economic importance. For this reason, various methods have been developed to inhibit the corrosion process, such as surface treatment approaches, by employing corrosion inhibitors through the deposition of opportunely designed functional coatings, employed to preserve from corrosion damages metallic substrates. Recently, among these techniques and in order to avoid the toxic chromate-based pre-treatment coatings, silane-based coatings and films loaded with organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors have been widely used in corrosion mitigation water-based surface treatment. In this study, the synthetic approach was devoted to create an embedded, hosted, waterborne, and eco-friendly matrix, obtained by use of the sol–gel technique, through the reaction of functional alkoxysilane cross-linking precursors, namely (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) intercalated with natural and non-toxic phytic acid (PA) molecules. As a matter of fact, all experimental results from FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–Vis analysis, and SEM confirmed that PA molecules were successfully decorated on GO. Furthermore, polarization measurements and a neutral salt spray test were used to evaluate the anticorrosive performance on aluminum and steel substrates, thus showing that the GO-PA nanofiller improved the barrier and corrosion protection properties of the developed functional silane-based coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sfameni
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Del Tedesco
- Noxorsokem Group Srl, Via Udine 46, SS 13, 33080 Cusano di Zoppola, Italy
| | - Giulia Rando
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Fulvio Truant
- Noxorsokem Group Srl, Via Udine 46, SS 13, 33080 Cusano di Zoppola, Italy
| | - Annamaria Visco
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR—IPCB, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
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213
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Gupta N, Karuppannan SK, Pasula RR, Vilan A, Martin J, Xu W, May EM, Pike AR, Astier HPA, Salim T, Lim S, Nijhuis CA. Temperature-Dependent Coherent Tunneling across Graphene-Ferritin Biomolecular Junctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44665-44675. [PMID: 36148983 PMCID: PMC9542697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of charge transport (CT) across biomolecules in solid-state devices is imperative to realize biomolecular electronic devices in a predictive manner. Although it is well-accepted that biomolecule-electrode interactions play an essential role, it is often overlooked. This paper reveals the prominent role of graphene interfaces with Fe-storing proteins in the net CT across their tunnel junctions. Here, ferritin (AfFtn-AA) is adsorbed on the graphene by noncovalent amine-graphene interactions confirmed with Raman spectroscopy. In contrast to junctions with metal electrodes, graphene has a vanishing density of states toward its intrinsic Fermi level ("Dirac point"), which increases away from the Fermi level. Therefore, the amount of charge carriers is highly sensitive to temperature and electrostatic charging (induced doping), as deduced from a detailed analysis of CT as a function of temperature and iron loading. Remarkably, the temperature dependence can be fully explained within the coherent tunneling regime due to excitation of hot carriers. Graphene is not only demonstrated as an alternative platform to study CT across biomolecular tunnel junctions, but it also opens rich possibilities in employing interface electrostatics in tuning CT behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun
Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials, National University
of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Senthil Kumar Karuppannan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Rupali Reddy Pasula
- School
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Ayelet Vilan
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jens Martin
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials, National University
of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Wentao Xu
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials, National University
of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Esther Maria May
- Chemistry-School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Andrew R. Pike
- School
of
Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hippolyte P. A.
G. Astier
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Teddy Salim
- School
of
Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials, National University
of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Hybrid
Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and
Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Centre for Brain-Inspired
Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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214
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Recent progress in two-dimensional nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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215
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Monajjemi M, Mollaamin F, Najaflou N, Sakhaeinia H. Physical Chemistry Study of Graphite Liquid Exfoliation through (π–π) Interaction by (n)-Annulene. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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216
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Yang Y, Wei Y, Guo Z, Hou W, Liu Y, Tian H, Ren TL. From Materials to Devices: Graphene toward Practical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200671. [PMID: 36008156 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, as an emerging 2D material, has been playing an important role in flexible electronics since its discovery in 2004. The representative fabrication methods of graphene include mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, redox reaction, etc. Based on its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermo-acoustical, optical, and other properties, graphene has made a great progress in the development of mechanical sensors, microphone, sound source, electrophysiological detection, solar cells, synaptic transistors, light-emitting devices, and so on. In different application fields, large-scale, low-cost, high-quality, and excellent performance are important factors that limit the industrialization development of graphene. Therefore, laser scribing technology, roll-to-roll technology is used to reduce the cost. High-quality graphene can be obtained through chemical vapor deposition processes. The performance can be improved through the design of structure of the devices, and the homogeneity and stability of devices can be achieved by mechanized machining means. In total, graphene devices show promising prospect for the practical fields of sports monitoring, health detection, voice recognition, energy, etc. There is a hot issue for industry to create and maintain the market competitiveness of graphene products through increasing its versatility and killer application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuhong Wei
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhanfeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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217
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Wang L, Liu Z, Zhang J. Synthetic carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13473-13489. [PMID: 36094008 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention in electrochemical energy conversion due to their large surface area, excellent electrical/thermal conductivity and good chemical stability. However, the structure-activity relationship of carbon nanomaterials remains unclear. This review is thus on the synthesis methods of carbon nanomaterials including two-dimensional graphene, graphene nanoribbons, nanographene, heteroatom doped porous carbon and graphdiyne as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells, electrolyzers and CO2 reduction. The correlation between the electronic/chemical properties and electrochemical performance of synthetic carbon nanostructures will be profoundly discussed. Additionally, the emerging challenges and some perspectives on the development of synthetic carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'An Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an, 710129, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an, 710129, P. R. China.
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218
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Park IJ, Kim TI, Choi SY. Charge Transfer Dynamics of Doped Graphene Electrodes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43907-43916. [PMID: 36123321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin graphene has attracted immense attention as a future transparent electrode for flat-panel displays owing to its excellent conductivity, optical transparency, and flexibility. In particular, a graphene doping process is essential for implementing graphene-based high-performance devices, and the development of a transparent cathode with a low work function is required to simplify the integration process of thin-film transistors and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) into active matrix displays. In this study, a transparent n-doped graphene cathode is proposed for implementing inverted OLEDs through two types of cesium (Cs)-based doping techniques: a dipping method using wet chemicals and an evaporation method under a vacuum atmosphere. The changes in the chemical structures and work functions of the n-doped graphene electrodes, as well as their surface morphologies and transmittances, were systematically investigated. The n-type doping mechanism of graphene was investigated, and a close relationship between the electrical charge transfer characteristics of graphene transistors and the formation of C-O-Cs complexes was revealed. Finally, an effective Cs-doped graphene electrode was developed, exhibiting a dramatically decreased work function while maintaining high transmittance; therefore, the Cs-doped graphene cathode was successfully integrated with inverted OLEDs with a bottom-light emission structure that exhibited enhanced external quantum efficiency of graphene cathode-based OLEDs. Thus, our findings provide a better understanding of the doping strategies and potential of n-doped graphene as a transparent cathode for developing high-performance future displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ick-Joon Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joongbu University, Goyang 10279, Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sung-Yool Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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219
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Zhao Q, Yamamoto M, Yamazaki K, Nishihara H, Crespo-Otero R, Di Tommaso D. The carbon chain growth during the onset of CVD graphene formation on γ-Al 2O 3 is promoted by unsaturated CH 2 ends. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23357-23366. [PMID: 36165844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition of methane onto a template of alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles is a prominent synthetic strategy of graphene meso-sponge, a new class of nano porous carbon materials consisting of single-layer graphene walls. However, the elementary steps controlling the early stages of graphene growth on Al2O3 surfaces are still not well understood. In this study, density functional theory calculations provide insights into the initial stages of graphene growth. We have modelled the mechanism of CH4 dissociation on the (111), (110), (100), and (001) γ-Al2O3 surfaces. Subsequently, we have considered the reaction pathway leading to the formation of a C6 ring. The γ-Al2O3(110) and γ-Al2O3(100) are both active for CH4 dissociation, but the (100) surface has higher catalytic activity towards the carbon growth reaction. The overall mechanism involves the formation of the reactive intermediate CH2* that then can couple to form CnH2n* (n = 2-6) intermediates with unsaturated CH2 ends. The formation of these species, which are not bound to the surface-active sites, promotes the sustained carbon growth in a nearly barrierless process. Also, the short distance between terminal carbon atoms leads to strong interactions, which might lead to the high activity between unsaturated CH2* of the hydrocarbon chain. Analysis of the electron localization and geometries of the carbon chains reveals the formation of C-Al-σ bonds with the chain growing towards the vacuum rather than C-Al-π bonds covering the γ-Al2O3(100) surface. This growth behaviour prevents catalyst poisoning during the initial stage of graphene nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR)/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamazaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR)/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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220
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Lee WC, Ronghe A, Villalobos LF, Huang S, Dakhchoune M, Mensi M, Hsu KJ, Ayappa KG, Agrawal KV. Enhanced Water Evaporation from Å-Scale Graphene Nanopores. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15382-15396. [PMID: 36000823 PMCID: PMC9527801 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the kinetics of liquid-vapor transition from nanoscale confinements is an attractive strategy for developing evaporation and separation applications. The ultimate limit of confinement for evaporation is an atom thick interface hosting angstrom-scale nanopores. Herein, using a combined experimental/computational approach, we report highly enhanced water evaporation rates when angstrom sized oxygen-functionalized graphene nanopores are placed at the liquid-vapor interface. The evaporation flux increases for the smaller nanopores with an enhancement up to 35-fold with respect to the bare liquid-vapor interface. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that oxygen-functionalized nanopores render rapid rotational and translational dynamics to the water molecules due to a reduced and short-lived water-water hydrogen bonding. The potential of mean force (PMF) reveals that the free energy barrier for water evaporation decreases in the presence of nanopores at the atomically thin interface, which further explains the enhancement in evaporation flux. These findings can enable the development of energy-efficient technologies relying on water evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Lee
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Anshaj Ronghe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Luis Francisco Villalobos
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Mostapha Dakhchoune
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), EPFL, Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Kuang-Jung Hsu
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - K. Ganapathy Ayappa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
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221
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Polai B, Satpathy BK, Jena BK, Nayak SK. An Overview of Coating Processes on Metal Substrates Based on Graphene-Related Materials for Multifarious Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Polai
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
| | - Bijoy Kumar Satpathy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Jena
- CSIR−Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar−751013, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Nayak
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
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222
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Duan T, Li H, Papadakis R, Leifer K. Towards ballistic transport CVD graphene by controlled removal of polymer residues. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:495704. [PMID: 36041409 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8d9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-assisted wet transfer of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene has achieved great success towards the true potential for large-scale electronic applications, while the lack of an efficient polymer removal method has been regarded as a crucial factor for realizing high carrier mobility in graphene devices. Hereby, we report an efficient and facile method to clean polymer residues on graphene surface by merely employing solvent mixture of isopropanol (IPA) and water (H2O). Raman spectroscopy shows an intact crystal structure of graphene after treatment, and the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates a significant decrease in the C-O and C=O bond signals, which is mainly attributed to the removal of polymer residues and further confirmed by subsequent atomic force microscopy analysis. More importantly, our gated measurements demonstrate that the proposed approach has resulted in a 3-fold increase of the carrier mobility in CVD graphene with the electron mobility close to 10 000 cm2V-1S-1, corresponding to an electron mean free path beyond 100 nm. This intrigues the promising application for this novel method in achieving ballistic transport for CVD graphene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Duan
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, 250101 Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hu Li
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, 250101 Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, 518057 Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Klaus Leifer
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, 250101 Jinan, People's Republic of China
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223
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Integrated wafer-scale ultra-flat graphene by gradient surface energy modulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5410. [PMID: 36109519 PMCID: PMC9477858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of large-scale two-dimensional (2D) materials onto semiconductor wafers is highly desirable for advanced electronic devices, but challenges such as transfer-related crack, contamination, wrinkle and doping remain. Here, we developed a generic method by gradient surface energy modulation, leading to a reliable adhesion and release of graphene onto target wafers. The as-obtained wafer-scale graphene exhibited a damage-free, clean, and ultra-flat surface with negligible doping, resulting in uniform sheet resistance with only ~6% deviation. The as-transferred graphene on SiO2/Si exhibited high carrier mobility reaching up ~10,000 cm2 V−1 s−1, with quantum Hall effect (QHE) observed at room temperature. Fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) appeared at 1.7 K after encapsulation by h-BN, yielding ultra-high mobility of ~280,000 cm2 V−1 s−1. Integrated wafer-scale graphene thermal emitters exhibited significant broadband emission in near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. Overall, the proposed methodology is promising for future integration of wafer-scale 2D materials in advanced electronics and optoelectronics. Defect-free integration of 2D materials onto semiconductor wafers is desired to implement heterogeneous electronic devices. Here, the authors report a method to transfer high-quality graphene on target wafers via gradient surface energy modulation, leading to improved structural and electronic properties.
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224
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Champa-Bujaico E, García-Díaz P, Díez-Pascual AM. Machine Learning for Property Prediction and Optimization of Polymeric Nanocomposites: A State-of-the-Art. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810712. [PMID: 36142623 PMCID: PMC9505448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the field of polymer nanocomposites has been an area of high scientific and industrial attention due to noteworthy improvements attained in these materials, arising from the synergetic combination of properties of a polymeric matrix and an organic or inorganic nanomaterial. The enhanced performance of those materials typically involves superior mechanical strength, toughness and stiffness, electrical and thermal conductivity, better flame retardancy and a higher barrier to moisture and gases. Nanocomposites can also display unique design possibilities, which provide exceptional advantages in developing multifunctional materials with desired properties for specific applications. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) has been recognized as a powerful predictive tool for data-driven multi-physical modelling, leading to unprecedented insights and an exploration of the system’s properties beyond the capability of traditional computational and experimental analyses. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the most important findings related to the application of ML for the rational design of polymeric nanocomposites. Prediction, optimization, feature identification and uncertainty quantification are presented along with different ML algorithms used in the field of polymeric nanocomposites for property prediction, and selected examples are discussed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Champa-Bujaico
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Díaz
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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225
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Zulqurnain M, Burton OJ, Al-Hada M, Goff LE, Hofmann S, Hirst LC. Defect seeded remote epitaxy of GaAs films on graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:485603. [PMID: 35977453 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8a4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Remote epitaxy is an emerging materials synthesis technique which employs a 2D interface layer, often graphene, to enable the epitaxial deposition of low defect single crystal films while restricting bonding between the growth layer and the underlying substrate. This allows for the subsequent release of the epitaxial film for integration with other systems and reuse of growth substrates. This approach is applicable to material systems with an ionic component to their bonding, making it notably appealing for III-V alloys, which are a technologically important family of materials. Chemical vapour deposition growth of graphene and wet transfer to a III-V substrate with a polymer handle is a potentially scalable and low cost approach to producing the required growth surface for remote epitaxy of these materials, however, the presence of water promotes the formation of a III-V oxide layer, which degrades the quality of subsequently grown epitaxial films. This work demonstrates the use of an argon ion beam for the controlled introduction of defects in a monolayer graphene interface layer to enable the growth of a single crystal GaAs film by molecular beam epitaxy, despite the presence of a native oxide at the substrate/graphene interface. A hybrid mechanism of defect seeded lateral overgrowth with remote epitaxy contributing the coalescence of the film is indicated. The exfoliation of the GaAs films reveals the presence of defect seeded nucleation sites, highlighting the need to balance the benefits of defect seeding on crystal quality against the requirement for subsequent exfoliation of the film, for future large area development of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zulqurnain
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE United Kingdom
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Burton
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Al-Hada
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE United Kingdom
| | - Lucy E Goff
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Hirst
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS United Kingdom
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226
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Chen Y, Wang B. Effect of Diatomite on the Thermal Degradation Behavior of Polypropylene and Formation of Graphene Products. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183764. [PMID: 36145906 PMCID: PMC9501155 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG–FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques are used to investigate the thermal degradation behavior of polypropylene (PP) with 20 wt.% diatomite (DM). The initial decomposition temperature of these blends was 17 °C lower than that of pristine PP, and more olefin degradation products were formed during the pyrolysis process under Ar atmosphere. These results could be attributed to the catalytic effects of DM on the degradation of PP and the changes of PP chain scission pathways around the particles (more β scission happened via the secondary radical transfer). These olefins could be caught by DM through the Si–O–C bond formed during the heat–treatment around 400~500 °C. The formation of the cross–linked structure could facilitate the growth of graphene during a high–temperature graphitization process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biao Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6779-2731
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227
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Ishaq S, Moussa M, Kanwal F, Ayub R, Van TN, Azhar U, Losic D. One step strategy for reduced graphene oxide/cobalt-iron oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposite preparation for high performance supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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228
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Okmi A, Xiao X, Zhang Y, He R, Olunloyo O, Harris SB, Jabegu T, Li N, Maraba D, Sherif Y, Dyck O, Vlassiouk I, Xiao K, Dong P, Xu B, Lei S. Discovery of Graphene-Water Membrane Structure: Toward High-Quality Graphene Process. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201336. [PMID: 35856086 PMCID: PMC9475541 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that solid-state membranes are indispensable media for the graphene process, particularly transfer procedures. But these membranes inevitably bring contaminations and residues to the transferred graphene and consequently compromise the material quality. This study reports a newly observed free-standing graphene-water membrane structure, which replaces the conventional solid-state supporting media with liquid film to sustain the graphene integrity and continuity. Experimental observation, theoretical model, and molecular dynamics simulations consistently indicate that the high surface tension of pure water and its large contact angle with graphene are essential factors for forming such a membrane structure. More interestingly, water surface tension ensures the flatness of graphene layers and renders high transfer quality on many types of target substrates. This report enriches the understanding of the interactions on reduced dimensional material while rendering an alternative approach for scalable layered material processing with ensured quality for advanced manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Okmi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
- Department of PhysicsJazan UniversityJazan45142Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Rui He
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringGeorge Mason UniversityFairfax, VA22030USA
| | - Olugbenga Olunloyo
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Sumner B. Harris
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LabOak RidgeTN37830USA
| | - Tara Jabegu
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Ningxin Li
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Diren Maraba
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Yasmeen Sherif
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Ondrej Dyck
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LabOak RidgeTN37830USA
| | - Ivan Vlassiouk
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LabOak RidgeTN37830USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LabOak RidgeTN37830USA
| | - Pei Dong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringGeorge Mason UniversityFairfax, VA22030USA
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Sidong Lei
- Department of Physics and AstronomyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30303USA
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229
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Gudkov MV, Stolyarova DY, Shiyanova KA, Mel’nikov VP. Polymer Composites with Graphene and Its Derivatives as Functional Materials of the Future. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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230
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Jang AR. Tuning Schottky Barrier of Single-Layer MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors with Graphene Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3038. [PMID: 36080075 PMCID: PMC9458018 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have the potential to be applied in flexible and transparent electronics. In this study, single-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) with Au/Ti-graphene heteroelectrodes were fabricated to examine the effect of the electrodes on the electrical properties of the MoS2 FETs. The contact barrier potential was tuned using an electric field. Asymmetrical gate behavior was observed owing to the difference between the MoS2 FETs, specifically between the MoS2 FETs with Au/Ti electrodes and those with graphene electrodes. The contact barrier of the MoS2 FETs with Au/Ti electrodes did not change with the electric field. However, the contact barrier at the MoS2-graphene interface could be modulated. The MoS2 FETs with Au/Ti-graphene electrodes exhibited enhanced on/off ratios (~102 times) and electron mobility (~2.5 times) compared to the MoS2 FETs with Au/Ti electrodes. These results could improve the understanding of desirable contact formation for high-performance MoS2 FETs and provide a facile route for viable electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Jang
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Korea
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231
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Functionalized graphene quantum dots obtained from graphene foams used for highly selective detection of Hg2+ in real samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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232
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Rodríguez-Villanueva S, Mendoza F, Weiner BR, Morell G. Graphene Film Growth on Silicon Carbide by Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3033. [PMID: 36080070 PMCID: PMC9458213 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of graphene on dielectric substrates, such as silicon carbide (SiC), have received much attention due to their interesting applications. This work presents a method to grow graphene on a 6H-SiC substrate at a pressure of 35 Torr by using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. The graphene deposition was conducted in an atmosphere of methane and hydrogen at a temperature of 950 °C. The graphene films were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Raman mapping and AFM measurements indicated that few-layer and multilayer graphene were deposited from the external carbon source depending on the growth parameter conditions. The compositional analysis confirmed the presence of graphene deposition on SiC substrates and the absence of any metal involved in the growth process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Villanueva
- Department of Physics, College of Natural Science, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00927, USA
| | - Frank Mendoza
- Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Mayagüez Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00682, USA
| | - Brad R. Weiner
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00927, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
| | - Gerardo Morell
- Department of Physics, College of Natural Science, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00927, USA
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233
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Advanced Carbon-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites for Forensic Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173598. [PMID: 36080673 PMCID: PMC9460265 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a powerful tool and fast-growing research area in many novel arenas, ranging from biomedicine to engineering and energy storage. Nanotechnology has great potential to make a significant positive contribution in forensic science, which deals with the identification and investigation of crimes, finding relationships between pieces of evidence and perpetrators. Nano-forensics is related to the development of nanosensors for crime investigations and inspection of terrorist activity by analyzing the presence of illicit drugs, explosives, toxic gases, biological agents, and so forth. In this regard, carbon nanomaterials have huge potential for next-generation nanosensors due to their outstanding properties, including strength combined with flexibility, large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, and little noise. Moreover, their combination with polymers can provide nanocomposites with novel and enhanced performance owed to synergy between the composite components. This review concisely recapitulates up-to-date advances in the development of polymer composites incorporating carbon-based nanomaterials for forensic science. The properties of the different carbon nanomaterials, several methods used to analyze functional polymeric nanocomposites, and their applications in forensic investigation are discussed. Furthermore, present challenges and forthcoming outlooks on the design of new polymer/carbon nanomaterial composites for crime prevention are highlighted.
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234
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Li H, Xiong X, Hui F, Yang D, Jiang J, Feng W, Han J, Duan J, Wang Z, Sun L. Constructing van der Waals heterostructures by dry-transfer assembly for novel optoelectronic device. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:465601. [PMID: 35313295 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5f96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the first successful exfoliation of graphene, the superior physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as atomic thickness, strong in-plane bonding energy and weak inter-layer van der Waals (vdW) force have attracted wide attention. Meanwhile, there is a surge of interest in novel physics which is absent in bulk materials. Thus, vertical stacking of 2D materials could be critical to discover such physics and develop novel optoelectronic applications. Although vdW heterostructures have been grown by chemical vapor deposition, the available choices of materials for stacking is limited and the device yield is yet to be improved. Another approach to build vdW heterostructure relies on wet/dry transfer techniques like stacking Lego bricks. Although previous reviews have surveyed various wet transfer techniques, novel dry transfer techniques have been recently been demonstrated, featuring clean and sharp interfaces, which also gets rid of contamination, wrinkles, bubbles formed during wet transfer. This review summarizes the optimized dry transfer methods, which paves the way towards high-quality 2D material heterostructures with optimized interfaces. Such transfer techniques also lead to new physical phenomena while enable novel optoelectronic applications on artificial vdW heterostructures, which are discussed in the last part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihan Li
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbao Jiang
- School of Microelectronic Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxiang Feng
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Han
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxi Duan
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongrui Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Sun
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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235
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Lin YT, Huang DW, Huang PF, Chang LC, Lai YT, Tai NH. A Green Approach for High Oxidation Resistance, Flexible Transparent Conductive Films Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Copper Nanowires. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:79. [PMID: 36001189 PMCID: PMC9402884 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (CuNWs)-based thin film is one of the potential alternatives to tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) in terms of transparent conductive films (TCFs). However, the severe problem of atmospheric oxidation restricts their practical applications. In this work, we develop a simple approach to fabricate highly stable TCFs through the dip-coating method using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and CuNWs as the primary materials. Compared with previous works using toxic reduction agents, herein, the CuNWs are synthesized via a green aqueous process using glucose and lactic acid as the reductants, and rGO is prepared through the modified Hummers' method followed by a hydrogen-annealing process to form hydrogen-annealing-reduced graphene oxide (h-rGO). In the rGO/CuNWs films, the dip-coated graphene oxide layer can increase the adhesion of the CuNWs on the substrate, and the fabricated h-rGO/CuNWs can exhibit high atmospheric oxidation resistance and excellent flexibility. The sheet resistance of the h-rGO/CuNWs film only increased from 25.1 to 42.2 Ω/sq after exposure to ambient atmosphere for 30 days and remained almost unchanged after the dynamic bending test for 2500 cycles at a constant radius of 5.3 mm. The h-rGO/CuNWs TCF can be not only fabricated via a route with a superior inexpensive and safe method but also possessed competitive optoelectronic properties with high electrical stability and flexibility, demonstrating great opportunities for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Feng Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Chang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lai
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Biochemical Technology R&D Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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236
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Shi Z, Ci H, Yang X, Liu Z, Sun J. Direct-Chemical Vapor Deposition-Enabled Graphene for Emerging Energy Storage: Versatility, Essentiality, and Possibility. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11646-11675. [PMID: 35926221 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique has stimulated an enormous scientific and industrial interest to enable the conformal growth of graphene over multifarious substrates, which readily bypasses tedious transfer procedure and empowers innovative materials paradigm. Compared to the prevailing graphene materials (i.e., reduced graphene oxide and liquid-phase exfoliated graphene), the direct-CVD-enabled graphene harnesses appealing structural advantages and physicochemical properties, accordingly playing a pivotal role in the realm of electrochemical energy storage. Despite conspicuous progress achieved in this frontier, a comprehensive overview is still lacking by far and the synthesis-structure-property-application nexus of direct-CVD-enabled graphene remains elusive. In this topical review, rather than simply compiling the state-of-the-art advancements, the versatile roles of direct-CVD-enabled graphene are itemized as (i) modificator, (ii) cultivator, (iii) defender, and (iv) decider. Furthermore, essential effects on the performance optimization are elucidated, with an emphasis on fundamental properties and underlying mechanisms. At the end, perspectives with respect to the material production and device fabrication are sketched, aiming to navigate the future development of direct-CVD-enabled graphene en-route toward pragmatic energy applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiong Shi
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhong Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
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237
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Multifunctional graphene heterogeneous nanochannel with voltage-tunable ion selectivity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4894. [PMID: 35985996 PMCID: PMC9391377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion-selective nanoporous two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown extraordinary potential in energy conversion, ion separation, and nanofluidic devices; however, different applications require diverse nanochannel devices with different ion selectivity, which is limited by sample preparation and experimental techniques. Herein, we develop a heterogeneous graphene-based polyethylene terephthalate nanochannel (GPETNC) with controllable ion sieving to overcome those difficulties. Simply by adjusting the applied voltage, ion selectivity among K+, Na+, Li+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ of the GPETNC can be immediately tuned. At negative voltages, the GPETNC serves as a mono/divalent ion selective device by impeding most divalent cations to transport through; at positive voltages, it mimics a biological K+ nanochannel, which conducts K+ much more rapidly than the other ions with K+/ions selectivity up to about 4.6. Besides, the GPETNC also exhibits the promise as a cation-responsive nanofluidic diode with the ability to rectify ion currents. Theoretical calculations indicate that the voltage-dependent ion enrichment/depletion inside the GPETNC affects the effective surface charge density of the utilized graphene subnanopores and thus leads to the electrically controllable ion sieving. This work provides ways to develop heterogeneous nanochannels with tunable ion selectivity toward broad applications. Nanoporous 2D materials have shown promising potential for ion sieving applications due to their physical and chemical properties. Here authors develop a heterogeneous graphene-based polyethylene terephthalate nanochannel with ion sieving ability that is controlled by adjusting the applied voltage.
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238
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Shan J, Fang S, Wang W, Zhao W, Zhang R, Liu B, Lin L, Jiang B, Ci H, Liu R, Wang W, Yang X, Guo W, Rümmeli MH, Guo W, Sun J, Liu Z. Copper acetate-facilitated transfer-free growth of high-quality graphene for hydrovoltaic generators. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab169. [PMID: 35967588 PMCID: PMC9370374 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Direct synthesis of high-quality graphene on dielectric substrates without a transfer process is of vital importance for a variety of applications. Current strategies for boosting high-quality graphene growth, such as remote metal catalyzation, are limited by poor performance with respect to the release of metal catalysts and hence suffer from a problem with metal residues. Herein, we report an effective approach that utilizes a metal-containing species, copper acetate, to continuously supply copper clusters in a gaseous form to aid transfer-free growth of graphene over a wafer scale. The thus-derived graphene films were found to show reduced multilayer density and improved electrical performance and exhibited a carrier mobility of 8500 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, droplet-based hydrovoltaic electricity generator devices based on directly grown graphene were found to exhibit robust voltage output and long cyclic stability, in stark contrast to their counterparts based on transferred graphene, demonstrating the potential for emerging energy harvesting applications. The work presented here offers a promising solution to organize the metal catalytic booster toward transfer-free synthesis of high-quality graphene and enable smart energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Sunmiao Fang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bei Jiang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Wen Wang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
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239
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Svadlakova T, Holmannova D, Kolackova M, Malkova A, Krejsek J, Fiala Z. Immunotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Starring Phagocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168889. [PMID: 36012161 PMCID: PMC9408998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, intravenously or by any other route, spread through the bloodstream and penetrate tissues where (in both compartments) they interact with components of the immune system. Like invading pathogens, CNMs can be recognized by large numbers of receptors that are present on the surface of innate immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages. Depending on the physicochemical properties of CNMs, i.e., shape, size, or adsorbed contamination, phagocytes try to engulf and process CNMs, which might induce pro/anti-inflammatory response or lead to modulation and disruption of basic immune activity. This review focuses on existing data on the immunotoxic potential of CNMs, particularly in professional phagocytes, as they play a central role in processing and eliminating foreign particles. The results of immunotoxic studies are also described in the context of the entry routes, impacts of contamination and means of possible elimination. Mechanisms of proinflammatory effect depending on endocytosis and intracellular distribution of CNMs are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Svadlakova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Drahomira Holmannova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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240
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Belotcerkovtceva D, Maciel RP, Berggren E, Maddu R, Sarkar T, Kvashnin YO, Thonig D, Lindblad A, Eriksson O, Kamalakar MV. Insights and Implications of Intricate Surface Charge Transfer and sp 3-Defects in Graphene/Metal Oxide Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36209-36216. [PMID: 35867345 PMCID: PMC9376919 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adherence of metal oxides to graphene is of fundamental significance to graphene nanoelectronic and spintronic interfaces. Titanium oxide and aluminum oxide are two widely used tunnel barriers in such devices, which offer optimum interface resistance and distinct interface conditions that govern transport parameters and device performance. Here, we reveal a fundamental difference in how these metal oxides interface with graphene through electrical transport measurements and Raman and photoelectron spectroscopies, combined with ab initio electronic structure calculations of such interfaces. While both oxide layers cause surface charge transfer induced p-type doping in graphene, in sharp contrast to TiOx, the AlOx/graphene interface shows the presence of appreciable sp3 defects. Electronic structure calculations disclose that significant p-type doping occurs due to a combination of sp3 bonds formed between C and O atoms at the interface and possible slightly off-stoichiometric defects of the aluminum oxide layer. Furthermore, the sp3 hybridization at the AlOx/graphene interface leads to distinct magnetic moments of unsaturated bonds, which not only explicates the widely observed low spin-lifetimes in AlOx barrier graphene spintronic devices but also suggests possibilities for new hybrid resistive switching and spin valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Belotcerkovtceva
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Renan P. Maciel
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Berggren
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramu Maddu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, P.O. Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tapati Sarkar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, P.O. Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yaroslav O. Kvashnin
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Danny Thonig
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- School
of Science and Technology, Örebro
University, Fakultetsgatan
1, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindblad
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- School
of Science and Technology, Örebro
University, Fakultetsgatan
1, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - M. Venkata Kamalakar
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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241
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Zhong HF, Xu WH, Xie H, Wu T, Qu JP. Cost-Effective Fabrication of High-Density Polyethylene/Graphene Nanocomposites by an In Situ Exfoliation Method Based on a Series Explosion Effect. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-fei Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wen-hua Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Heng Xie
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science &Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science &Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jin-ping Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science &Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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242
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang G, Wang X, Han C, Li X, Liu W. A highly tunable photoelectric response of graphene field-effect transistor with lateral P-N junction in channel. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:435202. [PMID: 35863314 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac82f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a highly tunable photoelectric response of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) with lateral P-N junction in channel. The poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) provides strong N-type doping on graphene due to the dipole moment of pendent groups after ultraviolet annealing in high vacuum. A lateral P-N junction is introduced into the channel of the GFET by partially covering the graphene channel with PSBMA. With such P-N junction in the channel, the GFET exhibits a highly tunable photoelectric response over a wide range of exciting photon wavelength. With a lateral P-N junction in the channel, the polarity of photocurrent (Iph) of the GFET switches three times as the back-gate voltage (VBG) scan over two Dirac-point voltages. The underlying physical mechanism of photoelectric response is attributed to photovoltaic and photo-induced bolometric effect, which compete to dominatingIphat variousVBG. This provides a possible strategy for designing new phototransistors or optoelectronic device in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohe Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyu Han
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang 311215, People's Republic of China
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243
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Ariga K. Materials nanoarchitectonics in a two-dimensional world within a nanoscale distance from the liquid phase. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10610-10629. [PMID: 35838591 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02513b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Promoted understanding of nanotechnology has enabled the construction of functional materials with nanoscale-regulated structures. Accordingly, materials science requires one-step further innovation by coupling nanotechnology with the other materials sciences. As a post-nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics has recently been proposed. It is a methodology to architect functional material systems using atomic, molecular, and nanomaterial unit-components. One of the attractive methodologies would be to develop nanoarchitectonics in a defined dimensional environment with certain dynamism, such as liquid interfaces. However, nanoarchitectonics at liquid interfaces has not been fully explored because of difficulties in direct observations and evaluations with high-resolutions. This unsatisfied situation in the nanoscale understanding of liquid interfaces may keep liquid interfaces as unexplored and attractive frontiers in nanotechnology and nanoarchitectonics. Research efforts related to materials nanoarchitectonics on liquid interfaces have been continuously made. As exemplified in this review paper, a wide range of materials can be organized and functionalized on liquid interfaces, including organic molecules, inorganic nanomaterials, hybrids, organic semiconductor thin films, proteins, and stem cells. Two-dimensional nanocarbon sheets have been fabricated by molecular reactions at dynamically moving interfaces, and metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have been fabricated by specific interactions and reactions at liquid interfaces. Therefore, functions such as sensors, devices, energy-related applications, and cell control are being explored. In fact, the potential for the nanoarchitectonics of functional materials in two-dimensional nanospaces at liquid surfaces is sufficiently high. On the basis of these backgrounds, this short review article describes recent approaches to materials nanoarchitectonics in a liquid-based two-dimensional world, i.e., interfacial regions within a nanoscale distance from the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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244
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Thin-Film Coating Methods: A Successful Marriage of High-Quality and Cost-Effectiveness—A Brief Exploration. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this review, several cost-effective thin-film coating methods, which include dip-coating, spin-coating, spray-coating, blade-coating, and roll-coating, are presented. Each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages depending on the proposed application. Not all of them are appropriate for large-scale production due to their certain limitations. That is why the coating method should be selected based on the type and size of the substrate, including the thickness and surface roughness of the required thin films. The sol–gel method offers several benefits, such as simplicity in fabrication, excellent film uniformity, the capacity to cover surfaces of any size and over vast areas, and a low processing temperature. Nevertheless, these coating methods are somewhat economical and well managed in low-budget laboratories. Moreover, these methods offer thin films with good homogeneity and low-surface roughness. Furthermore, some other thin-film deposition methods, for instance, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), are also discussed. Since CVD is not restricted to line-of-sight deposition, a characteristic shared by sputtering, evaporation, and other PVD methods, many manufacturing methods favor it. However, these techniques require sophisticated equipment and cleanroom facilities. We aim to provide the pros and cons of thin-film coating methods and let the readers decide the suitable coating technique for their specific application.
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245
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Carbon-Related Materials: Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes in Semiconductor Applications and Design. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081257. [PMID: 36014179 PMCID: PMC9412642 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
As the scaling technology in the silicon-based semiconductor industry is approaching physical limits, it is necessary to search for proper materials to be utilized as alternatives for nanoscale devices and technologies. On the other hand, carbon-related nanomaterials have attracted so much attention from a vast variety of research and industry groups due to the outstanding electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal characteristics. Such materials have been used in a variety of devices in microelectronics. In particular, graphene and carbon nanotubes are extraordinarily favorable substances in the literature. Hence, investigation of carbon-related nanomaterials and nanostructures in different ranges of applications in science, technology and engineering is mandatory. This paper reviews the basics, advantages, drawbacks and investigates the recent progress and advances of such materials in micro and nanoelectronics, optoelectronics and biotechnology.
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246
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Awada H, Kontopoulou M, Docoslis A. A note on using expanded graphite for achieving energy‐ and time‐efficient production of graphene nanoplatelets via liquid phase exfoliation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Awada
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
| | | | - Aristides Docoslis
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
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247
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Ji D, Guo M, Wu Y, Liu W, Luo S, Wang X, Kang H, Chen Y, Dai C, Kong D, Ma H, Liu Y, Wei D. Electrochemical Detection of a Few Copies of Unamplified SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acids by a Self-Actuated Molecular System. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13526-13537. [PMID: 35858825 PMCID: PMC9344789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The existing electrochemical biosensors lack controllable and intelligent merit to modulate the sensing process upon external stimulus, leading to challenges in analyzing a few copies of biomarkers in unamplified samples. Here, we present a self-actuated molecular-electrochemical system that consists of a tentacle and a trunk modification on a graphene microelectrode. The tentacle that contains a probe and an electrochemical label keeps an upright orientation, which increases recognition efficiency while decreasing the pseudosignal. Once the nucleic acids are recognized, the tentacles nearby along with the labels are spontaneously actuated downward, generating electrochemical responses under square wave voltammetry. Thus, it detects unamplified SARS-CoV-2 RNAs within 1 min down to 4 copies in 80 μL, 2-6 orders of magnitude lower than those of other electrochemical assays. Double-blind testing and 10-in-1 pooled testing of nasopharyngeal samples yield high overall agreement with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results. We fabricate a portable prototype based on this system, showing great potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizong Ji
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Shanghai
Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yungen Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shi Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hua Kang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiheng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changhao Dai
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Derong Kong
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongwenjie Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
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248
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Aimaganbetov K, Almas N, Kurbanova B, Muratov D, Serikkanov A, Insepov Z, Tokmoldin N. Electrical and Structural Characterization of Few-Layer Graphene Sheets on Quartz. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155330. [PMID: 35955265 PMCID: PMC9369713 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite the impressive performance and incredible promise for a variety of applications, the wide-scale commercialization of graphene is still behind its full potential. One of the main challenges is related to preserving graphene’s unique properties upon transfer onto practically desirable substrates. In this work, few-layer graphene sheets deposited via liquid-phase transfer from copper onto a quartz substrate have been studied using a suite of experimental techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, admittance spectroscopy, and four-point probe electrical measurements. SEM measurements suggest that the transfer of graphene from copper foil to quartz using the aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was accompanied by unintentional etching of the entire surface of the quartz substrate and, as a result, the formation of microscopic facet structures covering the etched surface of the substrate. As revealed by Raman spectroscopy and the electrical measurements, the transfer process involving the etching of the copper foil in a 0.1 M solution of (NH4)2S2O8 resulted in its p-type doping. This was accompanied by the appearance of an electronic gap of 0.022 eV, as evidenced by the Arrhenius analysis. The observed increase in the conductance of the samples with temperature can be explained by thermally activated carrier transport, dominating the scattering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazybek Aimaganbetov
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Satbayev University, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (K.A.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Nurlan Almas
- Department of Science and Innovation, Astana IT University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (N.T.); Tel.: +770-8187-2703 (N.A.)
| | - Bayan Kurbanova
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (Z.I.)
| | - Dauren Muratov
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Satbayev University, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (K.A.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Abay Serikkanov
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Satbayev University, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (K.A.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Zinetula Insepov
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (Z.I.)
- School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, 400 Central Dr, West-Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nurlan Tokmoldin
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (N.T.); Tel.: +770-8187-2703 (N.A.)
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249
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Effects of different halogen and chalcogen substitutions on the ESIPT process of benzoxazole derivatives: Theoretical research. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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250
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Chen C, Huang F, Yao J, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang W, Shen JW. Design lamellar GO membrane based on understanding the effect of functional groups distributed in the port on desalination. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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