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Hu D, Jablonowski C, Cheng PH, AlTahan A, Li C, Wang Y, Palmer L, Lan C, Sun B, Abu-Zaid A, Fan Y, Brimble M, Gamboa NT, Kumbhar RC, Yanishevski D, Miller KM, Kang G, Zambetti GP, Chen T, Yan Q, Davidoff AM, Yang J. KDM5A Regulates a Translational Program that Controls p53 Protein Expression. iScience 2018; 9:84-100. [PMID: 30388705 PMCID: PMC6214872 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor pathway is frequently inactivated in human cancers. However, there are some cancer types without commonly recognized alterations in p53 signaling. Here we report that histone demethylase KDM5A is involved in the regulation of p53 activity. KDM5A is significantly amplified in multiple types of cancers, an event that tends to be mutually exclusive to p53 mutation. We show that KDM5A acts as a negative regulator of p53 signaling through inhibition of p53 translation via suppression of a subgroup of eukaryotic translation initiation genes. Genetic deletion of KDM5A results in upregulation of p53 in multiple lineages of cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a p53-dependent manner. In addition, we have identified a regulatory loop between p53, miR-34, and KDM5A, whereby the induction of miR-34 leads to suppression of KDM5A. Thus, our findings reveal a mechanism by which KDM5A inhibits p53 translation to modulate cancer progression. Genetic amplification of KDM5A tends to be negatively correlated with TP53 alterations KDM5A inhibits p53 protein translation by suppressing a subset of translation genes KDM5A regulates tumor growth in a p53-dependent manner miR-34 targets KDM5A expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Hu
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Carolyn Jablonowski
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Pei-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alaa AlTahan
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yingdi Wang
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lance Palmer
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cuixia Lan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Bingmei Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mark Brimble
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nicolas T Gamboa
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ramhari C Kumbhar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th St NHB 2.606 Stop A5000, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - David Yanishevski
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th St NHB 2.606 Stop A5000, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gerard P Zambetti
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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202
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Yu OM, Benitez JA, Plouffe SW, Ryback D, Klein A, Smith J, Greenbaum J, Delatte B, Rao A, Guan KL, Furnari FB, Chaim OM, Miyamoto S, Brown JH. YAP and MRTF-A, transcriptional co-activators of RhoA-mediated gene expression, are critical for glioblastoma tumorigenicity. Oncogene 2018; 37:5492-5507. [PMID: 29887596 PMCID: PMC6195840 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of YAP (Yes-associated protein 1) and MRTF-A (myocardin-related transcription factor A), two transcriptional co-activators regulated downstream of GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) and RhoA, in the growth of glioblastoma cells and in vivo glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumor development was explored using human glioblastoma cell lines and tumor-initiating cells derived from patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Knockdown of these co-activators in GSC-23 PDX cells using short hairpin RNA significantly attenuated in vitro self-renewal capability assessed by limiting dilution, oncogene expression, and neurosphere formation. Orthotopic xenografts of the MRTF-A and YAP knockdown PDX cells formed significantly smaller tumors and were of lower morbidity than wild-type cells. In vitro studies used PDX and 1321N1 glioblastoma cells to examine functional responses to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a GPCR agonist that activates RhoA signaling, demonstrated that YAP signaling was required for cell migration and invasion, whereas MRTF-A was required for cell adhesion; both YAP and MRTF-A were required for proliferation. Gene expression analysis by RNA-sequencing of S1P-treated MRTF-A or YAP knockout cells identified 44 genes that were induced through RhoA and highly dependent on YAP, MRTF-A, or both. Knockdown of F3 (tissue factor (TF)), a target gene regulated selectively through YAP, blocked cell invasion and migration, whereas knockdown of HBEGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor), a gene selectively induced through MRTF-A, prevented cell adhesion in response to S1P. Proliferation was sensitive to knockdown of target genes regulated through either or both YAP and MRTF-A. Expression of TF and HBEGF was also selectively decreased in tumors from PDX cells lacking YAP or MRTF-A, indicating that these transcriptional pathways are regulated in preclinical GBM models and suggesting that their activation through GPCRs and RhoA contributes to growth and maintenance of human GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jorge A Benitez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Plouffe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Ryback
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason Greenbaum
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Delatte
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Olga Meiri Chaim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
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203
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Marjanovic Vicentic J, Drakulic D, Garcia I, Vukovic V, Aldaz P, Puskas N, Nikolic I, Tasic G, Raicevic S, Garros-Regulez L, Sampron N, Atkinson MJ, Anastasov N, Matheu A, Stevanovic M. SOX3 can promote the malignant behavior of glioblastoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 42:41-54. [PMID: 30209685 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Despite current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the median survival of glioblastoma patients is 15 months. The development of this tumor depends on a sub-population of glioblastoma stem cells governing tumor propagation and therapy resistance. SOX3 plays a role in both normal neural development and carcinogenesis. However, little is known about its role in glioblastoma. Thus, the aim of this work was to elucidate the role of SOX3 in glioblastoma. METHODS SOX3 expression was assessed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. MTT, immunocytochemistry and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effects of exogenous SOX3 overexpression on the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells, respectively. The expression of Hedgehog signaling pathway components and autophagy markers was assessed using RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. RESULTS Higher levels of SOX3 expression were detected in a subset of primary glioblastoma samples compared to those in non-tumoral brain tissues. Exogenous overexpression of this gene was found to increase the proliferation, viability, migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. We also found that SOX3 up-regulation was accompanied by an enhanced activity of the Hedgehog signaling pathway and by suppression of autophagy in glioblastoma cells. Additionally, we found that SOX3 expression was elevated in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells, as well as in oncospheres derived from glioblastoma cell lines, compared to their differentiated counterparts, implying that SOX3 expression is associated with the undifferentiated state of glioblastoma cells. CONCLUSION From our data we conclude that SOX3 can promote the malignant behavior of glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Marjanovic Vicentic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Drakulic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Idoia Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladanka Vukovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paula Aldaz
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nela Puskas
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Ð. Kostić", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Nikolic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Tasic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Savo Raicevic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Laura Garros-Regulez
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nicolas Sampron
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.,Neuro-oncology Tumor Board, Donostia Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natasa Anastasov
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.,Neuro-oncology Tumor Board, Donostia Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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204
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Dmitrijeva M, Ossowski S, Serrano L, Schaefer MH. Tissue-specific DNA methylation loss during ageing and carcinogenesis is linked to chromosome structure, replication timing and cell division rates. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:7022-7039. [PMID: 29893918 PMCID: PMC6101545 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism known to affect gene expression and aberrant DNA methylation patterns have been described in cancer. However, only a small fraction of differential methylation events target genes with a defined role in cancer, raising the question of how aberrant DNA methylation contributes to carcinogenesis. As recently a link has been suggested between methylation patterns arising in ageing and those arising in cancer, we asked which aberrations are unique to cancer and which are the product of normal ageing processes. We therefore compared the methylation patterns between ageing and cancer in multiple tissues. We observed that hypermethylation preferentially occurs in regulatory elements, while hypomethylation is associated with structural features of the chromatin. Specifically, we observed consistent hypomethylation of late-replicating, lamina-associated domains. The extent of hypomethylation was stronger in cancer, but in both ageing and cancer it was proportional to the replication timing of the region and the cell division rate of the tissue. Moreover, cancer patients who displayed more hypomethylation in late-replicating, lamina-associated domains had higher expression of cell division genes. These findings suggest that different cell division rates contribute to tissue- and cancer type-specific DNA methylation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dmitrijeva
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luis Serrano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Martin H Schaefer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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205
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da Silva-Diz V, Lorenzo-Sanz L, Bernat-Peguera A, Lopez-Cerda M, Muñoz P. Cancer cell plasticity: Impact on tumor progression and therapy response. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:48-58. [PMID: 30130663 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most tumors exhibit intra-tumor heterogeneity, which is associated with disease progression and an impaired response to therapy. Cancer cell plasticity has been proposed as being an important mechanism that, along with genetic and epigenetic alterations, promotes cancer cell diversity and contributes to intra-tumor heterogeneity. Plasticity endows cancer cells with the capacity to shift dynamically between a differentiated state, with limited tumorigenic potential, and an undifferentiated or cancer stem-like cell (CSC) state, which is responsible for long-term tumor growth. In addition, it confers the ability to transit into distinct CSC states with different competence to invade, disseminate and seed metastasis. Cancer cell plasticity has been linked to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program and relies not only on cell-autonomous mechanisms, but also on signals provided by the tumor microenvironment and/or induced in response to therapy. We provide an overview of the dynamic transition for cancer cell states, the mechanisms governing cell plasticity and their impact on tumor progression, metastasis and therapy response. Understanding the mechanisms involved in cancer cell plasticity will provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Sanz
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Bernat-Peguera
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lopez-Cerda
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Purificación Muñoz
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
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206
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Zhao W, Zhu Q, Tan P, Ajibade A, Long T, Long W, Li Q, Liu P, Ning B, Wang HY, Wang RF. Tgfbr2 inactivation facilitates cellular plasticity and development of Pten-null prostate cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 10:316-330. [PMID: 29228234 PMCID: PMC6161409 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in tumors can create a state of increased cellular plasticity that promotes resistance to treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies for identifying key factors that regulate cellular plasticity in order to combat resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Here we report that prostate epithelial cell reprogramming could be exploited to identify key factors required for promoting prostate cancer tumorigenesis and cellular plasticity. Deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) and transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 2 (Tgfbr2) may increase prostate epithelial cell reprogramming efficiency in vitro and cause rapid tumor development and early mortality in vivo. Tgfbr2 ablation abolished TGF-β signaling but increased the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway through the negative regulator Tmeff1. Furthermore, increased BMP signaling promotes expression of the tumor marker genes ID1, Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2; ID1/STAT3/NANOG expression was inversely correlated with patient survival. Thus, our findings provide information about the molecular mechanisms by which BMP signaling pathways render stemness capacity to prostate tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Tan
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adebusola Ajibade
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Teng Long
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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207
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Gallo JM. Modulation of Cell State to Improve Drug Therapy. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 7:539-542. [PMID: 30043550 PMCID: PMC6157657 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Gallo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
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208
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Abstract
Cancer researchers have traditionally used the mouse and the rat as staple model organisms. These animals are very short-lived, reproduce rapidly and are highly prone to cancer. They have been very useful for modelling some human cancer types and testing experimental treatments; however, these cancer-prone species offer little for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Recent technological advances have expanded bestiary research to non-standard model organisms that possess unique traits of very high value to humans, such as cancer resistance and longevity. In recent years, several discoveries have been made in non-standard mammalian species, providing new insights on the natural mechanisms of cancer resistance. These include mechanisms of cancer resistance in the naked mole rat, blind mole rat and elephant. In each of these species, evolution took a different path, leading to novel mechanisms. Many other long-lived mammalian species display cancer resistance, including whales, grey squirrels, microbats, cows and horses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer resistance in all these species is important and timely, as, ultimately, these mechanisms could be harnessed for the development of human cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Seluanov
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester, NY, USA.
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209
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Alagarswamy K, Shinohara KI, Takayanagi S, Fukuyo M, Okabe A, Rahmutulla B, Yoda N, Qin R, Shiga N, Sugiura M, Sato H, Kita K, Suzuki T, Nemoto T, Kaneda A. Region-specific alteration of histone modification by LSD1 inhibitor conjugated with pyrrole-imidazole polyamide. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29316-29335. [PMID: 30034620 PMCID: PMC6047668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenome regulates gene expression to determine cell fate, and accumulation of epigenomic aberrations leads to diseases, including cancer. NCD38 inhibits lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1), a histone demethylase targeting H3K4me1 and H3K4me2, but not H3K4me3. In this study, we conjugated NCD38 with a potent small molecule called pyrrole (Py) imidazole (Im) polyamide, to analyze whether targets of the inhibitor could be regulated in a sequence-specific manner. We synthesized two conjugates using β-Ala (β) as a linker, i.e., NCD38-β-β-Py-Py-Py-Py (NCD38-β2P4) recognizing WWWWWW sequence, and NCD38-β-β-Py-Im-Py-Py (NCD38-β2PIPP) recognizing WWCGWW sequence. When RKO cells were treated with NCD38, H3K4me2 levels increased in 103 regions with significant activation of nearby genes (P = 0.03), whereas H3K4me3 levels were not obviously increased. H3K27ac levels were also increased in 458 regions with significant activation of nearby genes (P = 3 × 10-10), and these activated regions frequently included GC-rich sequences, but less frequently included AT-rich sequences (P < 1 × 10-15) or WWCGWW sequences (P = 2 × 10-13). When treated with NCD38-β2P4, 234 regions showed increased H3K27ac levels with significant activation of nearby genes (P = 2 × 10-11), including significantly fewer GC-rich sequences (P < 1 × 10-15) and significantly more AT-rich sequences (P < 1 × 10-15) compared with NCD38 treatment. When treated with NCD38-β2PIPP, 82 regions showed increased H3K27ac levels, including significantly fewer GC-rich sequences (P = 1 × 10-11) and fewer AT-rich sequences (P = 0.005), but significantly more WWCGWW sequences (P = 0.0001) compared with NCD38 treatment. These indicated that target regions of epigenomic inhibitors could be modified in a sequence-specific manner and that conjugation of Py-Im polyamides may be useful for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-Ichi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shihori Takayanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bahityar Rahmutulla
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yoda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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210
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Pashov A, Hernandez Puente CV, Ibrahim SM, Monzavi-Karbassi B, Makhoul I, Kieber-Emmons T. Thinking Cancer. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:117-125. [PMID: 29939836 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theories are necessarily invoked for understanding cancer development at the level of species, at the level of cells and tissues, and for developing effective therapies. It is crucial to view cancer in a Darwinian light, where the differential survival of individual cells is based on heritable variations. In the process of this somatic evolution, multicellularity controls are overridden by cancer cells, which become increasingly autonomous. Ecological epigenetics also helps understand how rogue cells that have basically the same DNA as their normal cell counterpart overcome the tissue homeostasis. As we struggle to wrap our minds around the complexity of these phenomena, we apply often times anthropomorphic terms, such as subversion, hijacking, or hacking, to describe especially the most complex among them-the interaction of tumors with the immune system. In this commentary we highlight examples of the anthropomorphic thinking of cancer and try to put into context the relative meaning of terms and the mechanisms that are oftentimes invoked to justify those terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Pashov
- 1 Stephan Angelov Institute of Microbiology , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Issam Makhoul
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 5 Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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211
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Schultz LE, Haltom JA, Almeida MP, Wierson WA, Solin SL, Weiss TJ, Helmer JA, Sandquist EJ, Shive HR, McGrail M. Epigenetic regulators Rbbp4 and Hdac1 are overexpressed in a zebrafish model of RB1 embryonal brain tumor, and are required for neural progenitor survival and proliferation. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/6/dmm034124. [PMID: 29914980 PMCID: PMC6031359 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used comparative genomics and developmental genetics to identify epigenetic regulators driving oncogenesis in a zebrafish retinoblastoma 1 (rb1) somatic-targeting model of RB1 mutant embryonal brain tumors. Zebrafish rb1 brain tumors caused by TALEN or CRISPR targeting are histologically similar to human central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors (CNS-PNETs). Like the human oligoneural OLIG2+/SOX10+ CNS-PNET subtype, zebrafish rb1 tumors show elevated expression of neural progenitor transcription factors olig2, sox10, sox8b and the receptor tyrosine kinase erbb3a oncogene. Comparison of rb1 tumor and rb1/rb1 germline mutant larval transcriptomes shows that the altered oligoneural precursor signature is specific to tumor tissue. More than 170 chromatin regulators were differentially expressed in rb1 tumors, including overexpression of chromatin remodeler components histone deacetylase 1 (hdac1) and retinoblastoma binding protein 4 (rbbp4). Germline mutant analysis confirms that zebrafish rb1, rbbp4 and hdac1 are required during brain development. rb1 is necessary for neural precursor cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation, rbbp4 is required for survival of postmitotic precursors, and hdac1 maintains proliferation of the neural stem cell/progenitor pool. We present an in vivo assay using somatic CRISPR targeting plus live imaging of histone-H2A.F/Z-GFP fusion protein in developing larval brain to rapidly test the role of chromatin remodelers in neural stem and progenitor cells. Our somatic assay recapitulates germline mutant phenotypes and reveals a dynamic view of their roles in neural cell populations. Our study provides new insight into the epigenetic processes that might drive pathogenesis in RB1 brain tumors, and identifies Rbbp4 and its associated chromatin remodeling complexes as potential target pathways to induce apoptosis in RB1 mutant brain cancer cells. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: This study shows that chromatin remodelers that are overexpressed in a zebrafish model of RB1 mutant brain cancer are required for neural progenitor proliferation and survival, providing insight into potential mechanisms that drive tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Schultz
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Haltom
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Maira P Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Wesley A Wierson
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Staci L Solin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Trevor J Weiss
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jordan A Helmer
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Sandquist
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Heather R Shive
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Maura McGrail
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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212
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Kang YK. Surveillance of Retroelement Expression and Nucleic-Acid Immunity by Histone Methyltransferase SETDB1. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800058. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Department of Functional Genomics; University of Science and Technology (UST); Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 South Korea
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213
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Fiscon G, Conte F, Licursi V, Nasi S, Paci P. Computational identification of specific genes for glioblastoma stem-like cells identity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7769. [PMID: 29773872 PMCID: PMC5958093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most malignant brain cancer, contains self-renewing, stem-like cells that sustain tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Identifying genes promoting stem-like cell differentiation might unveil targets for novel treatments. To detect them, here we apply SWIM - a software able to unveil genes (named switch genes) involved in drastic changes of cell phenotype - to public datasets of gene expression profiles from human glioblastoma cells. By analyzing matched pairs of stem-like and differentiated glioblastoma cells, SWIM identified 336 switch genes, potentially involved in the transition from stem-like to differentiated state. A subset of them was significantly related to focal adhesion and extracellular matrix and strongly down-regulated in stem-like cells, suggesting that they may promote differentiation and restrain tumor growth. Their expression in differentiated cells strongly correlated with the down-regulation of transcription factors like OLIG2, POU3F2, SALL2, SOX2, capable of reprogramming differentiated glioblastoma cells into stem-like cells. These findings were corroborated by the analysis of expression profiles from glioblastoma stem-like cell lines, the corresponding primary tumors, and conventional glioma cell lines. Switch genes represent a distinguishing feature of stem-like cells and we are persuaded that they may reveal novel potential therapeutic targets worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiscon
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- SysBio Centre of Systems Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- SysBio Centre of Systems Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Nasi
- Department of Biology and Biotecnology - Charles Darwin, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
- SysBio Centre of Systems Biology, Rome, Italy.
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214
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Van Meter RJ, Glinski DA, Purucker ST, Henderson WM. Influence of exposure to pesticide mixtures on the metabolomic profile in post-metamorphic green frogs (Lithobates clamitans). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1348-1359. [PMID: 29929247 PMCID: PMC6020053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use in agricultural areas requires the application of numerous chemicals to control target organisms, leaving non-target organisms at risk. The present study evaluates the hepatic metabolomic profile of one group of non-target organisms, amphibians, after exposure to a single pesticide and pesticide mixtures. Five common-use pesticide active ingredients were used in this study, three herbicides (atrazine, metolachlor and 2,4-d), one insecticide (malathion) and one fungicide (propiconazole). Juvenile green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) were reared for 60-90days post-metamorphosis then exposed to a single pesticide or a combination of pesticides at the labeled application rate on soil. Amphibian livers were excised for metabolomic analysis and pesticides were quantified for whole body homogenates. Based on the current study, metabolomic profiling of livers support both individual and interactive effects where pesticide exposures altered biochemical processes, potentially indicating a different response between active ingredients in pesticide mixtures, among these non-target species. Amphibian metabolomic response is likely dependent on the pesticides present in each mixture and their ability to perturb biochemical networks, thereby confounding efforts with risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Van Meter
- Washington College, 300 Washington Avenue, Chestertown, MD 21620, USA.
| | | | - S Thomas Purucker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | - W Matthew Henderson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA, USA
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215
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Noberini R, Osti D, Miccolo C, Richichi C, Lupia M, Corleone G, Hong SP, Colombo P, Pollo B, Fornasari L, Pruneri G, Magnani L, Cavallaro U, Chiocca S, Minucci S, Pelicci G, Bonaldi T. Extensive and systematic rewiring of histone post-translational modifications in cancer model systems. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:3817-3832. [PMID: 29618087 PMCID: PMC5934616 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) generate a complex combinatorial code that regulates gene expression and nuclear functions, and whose deregulation has been documented in different types of cancers. Therefore, the availability of relevant culture models that can be manipulated and that retain the epigenetic features of the tissue of origin is absolutely crucial for studying the epigenetic mechanisms underlying cancer and testing epigenetic drugs. In this study, we took advantage of quantitative mass spectrometry to comprehensively profile histone PTMs in patient tumor tissues, primary cultures and cell lines from three representative tumor models, breast cancer, glioblastoma and ovarian cancer, revealing an extensive and systematic rewiring of histone marks in cell culture conditions, which includes a decrease of H3K27me2/me3, H3K79me1/me2 and H3K9ac/K14ac, and an increase of H3K36me1/me2. While some changes occur in short-term primary cultures, most of them are instead time-dependent and appear only in long-term cultures. Remarkably, such changes mostly revert in cell line- and primary cell-derived in vivo xenograft models. Taken together, these results support the use of xenografts as the most representative models of in vivo epigenetic processes, suggesting caution when using cultured cells, in particular cell lines and long-term primary cultures, for epigenetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Noberini
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan 20139, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Daniela Osti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Claudia Miccolo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Cristina Richichi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Michela Lupia
- Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corleone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Hammersmith, London W12, UK
| | - Sung-Pil Hong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Hammersmith, London W12, UK
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Department of Neuropathology, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornasari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Biobank for Translational Medicine Unit, Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20141, Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Hammersmith, London W12, UK
| | - Ugo Cavallaro
- Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
- New Drugs Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University 'Amedeo Avogadro', Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
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216
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Tumorigenic Cell Reprogramming and Cancer Plasticity: Interplay between Signaling, Microenvironment, and Epigenetics. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4598195. [PMID: 29853913 PMCID: PMC5954911 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4598195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that many tumors rely on subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the ability to propagate malignant clones indefinitely and to produce an overt cancer. Of importance, CSCs seem to be more resistant to the conventional cytotoxic treatments, driving tumor growth and contributing to relapse. CSCs can originate from normal committed cells which undergo tumor-reprogramming processes and reacquire a stem cell-like phenotype. Increasing evidences also show how tumor homeostasis and progression strongly rely on the capacity of nontumorigenic cancer cells to dedifferentiate to CSCs. Both tumor microenvironment and epigenetic reprogramming drive such dynamic mechanisms, favoring cancer cell plasticity and tumor heterogeneity. Here, we report new developments which led to an advancement in the CSC field, elucidating the concepts of cancer cell of origin and CSC plasticity in solid tumor initiation and maintenance. We further discuss the main signaling pathways which, under the influence of extrinsic environmental factors, play a critical role in the formation and maintenance of CSCs. Moreover, we propose a review of the main epigenetic mechanisms whose deregulation can favor the onset of CSC features both in tumor initiation and tumor maintenance. Finally, we provide an update of the main strategies that could be applied to target CSCs and cancer cell plasticity.
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217
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Ge Y, Fuchs E. Stretching the limits: from homeostasis to stem cell plasticity in wound healing and cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:311-325. [PMID: 29479084 PMCID: PMC6301069 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2018.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) govern tissue homeostasis and wound repair. They reside within niches, the special microenvironments within tissues that control SC lineage outputs. Upon injury or stress, new signals emanating from damaged tissue can divert nearby cells into adopting behaviours that are not part of their homeostatic repertoire. This behaviour, known as SC plasticity, typically resolves as wounds heal. However, in cancer, it can endure. Recent studies have yielded insights into the orchestrators of maintenance and lineage commitment for SCs belonging to three mammalian tissues: the haematopoietic system, the skin epithelium and the intestinal epithelium. We delineate the multifactorial determinants and general principles underlying the remarkable facets of SC plasticity, which lend promise for regenerative medicine and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejing Ge
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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218
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Simithy J, Sidoli S, Garcia BA. Integrating Proteomics and Targeted Metabolomics to Understand Global Changes in Histone Modifications. Proteomics 2018. [PMID: 29512899 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin fiber is the control panel of eukaryotic cells. Chromatin is mostly composed of DNA, which contains the genetic instruction for cell phenotype, and histone proteins, which provide the scaffold for chromatin folding and part of the epigenetic inheritance. Histone writers/erasers "flag" chromatin regions by catalyzing/removing covalent histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Histone PTMs chemically contribute to chromatin relaxation or compaction and recruit histone readers to modulate DNA readout. The precursors of protein PTMs are mostly small metabolites. For instance, acetyl-CoA is used for acetylation, ATP for phosphorylation, and S-adenosylmethionine for methylation. Interestingly, PTMs such as acetylation can occur at neutral pH also without their respective enzyme when the precursor is sufficiently concentrated. Therefore, it is essential to differentially quantify the contribution of histone writers/erasers versus the effect of local concentration of metabolites to understand the primary regulation of histone PTM abundance. Aberrant phenotypes such as cancer cells have misregulated metabolism and thus the composition and the modulation of chromatin is not only driven by enzymatic tuning. In this review, the latest advances in mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze histone PTMs and the most adopted quantification methods for related metabolites, both necessary to understand PTM relative changes, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johayra Simithy
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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219
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Pseudotime Dynamics in Melanoma Single-Cell Transcriptomes Reveals Different Mechanisms of Tumor Progression. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7020023. [PMID: 29614062 PMCID: PMC6022966 DOI: 10.3390/biology7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics has been used for analysis of heterogeneous populations of cells during developmental processes and for analysis of tumor cell heterogeneity. More recently, analysis of pseudotime (PT) dynamics of heterogeneous cell populations has been established as a powerful concept to study developmental processes. Here we perform PT analysis of 3 melanoma short-term cultures with different genetic backgrounds to study specific and concordant properties of PT dynamics of selected cellular programs with impact on melanoma progression. Overall, in our setting of melanoma cells PT dynamics towards higher tumor malignancy appears to be largely driven by cell cycle genes. Single cells of all three short-term cultures show a bipolar expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) signatures. Furthermore, opposing gene expression changes are observed for genes regulated by epigenetic mechanisms suggesting epigenetic reprogramming during melanoma progression. The three melanoma short-term cultures show common themes of PT dynamics such as a stromal signature at initiation, bipolar expression of the MITF/AXL signature and opposing regulation of poised and activated promoters. Differences are observed at the late stage of PT dynamics with high, low or intermediate MITF and anticorrelated AXL signatures. These findings may help to identify targets for interference at different stages of tumor progression.
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220
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Monterisi S, Lo Riso P, Russo K, Bertalot G, Vecchi M, Testa G, Di Fiore PP, Bianchi F. HOXB7 overexpression in lung cancer is a hallmark of acquired stem-like phenotype. Oncogene 2018; 37:3575-3588. [PMID: 29576613 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HOXB7 is a homeodomain (HOX) transcription factor involved in regional body patterning of invertebrates and vertebrates. We previously identified HOXB7 within a ten-gene prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma, where increased expression of HOXB7 was associated with poor prognosis. This raises the question of how HOXB7 overexpression can influence the metastatic behavior of lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we analyzed publicly available microarray and RNA-seq lung cancer expression datasets and found that HOXB7-overexpressing tumors are enriched in gene signatures characterizing adult and embryonic stem cells (SC), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Experimentally, we found that HOXB7 upregulates several canonical SC/iPSC markers and sustains the expansion of a subpopulation of cells with SC characteristics, through modulation of LIN28B, an emerging cancer gene and pluripotency factor, which we discovered to be a direct target of HOXB7. We validated this new circuit by showing that HOXB7 enhances reprogramming to iPSC with comparable efficiency to LIN28B or its target c-MYC, which is a canonical reprogramming factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Monterisi
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Pietro Lo Riso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Karin Russo
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Vecchi
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy.,DIPO, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139, Milan, Italy.,DIPO, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy. .,ISBREMIT, Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
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221
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Zhang H, Fu X, Su X, Yang A. CBX3/HP1γ is upregulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4271-4276. [PMID: 29731822 PMCID: PMC5920882 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of CBX3/HP1γ, a core component of heterochromatin protein 1, has recently proved to be involved in human tumorigenesis and patient prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of CBX3/HP1γ and its clinicopathological significance in primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Gene expression profiles of CBX3/HP1γ in TSCC from Oncomine database were analyzed. The expression of CBX3/HP1γ at protein level was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The potential associations between CBX3/HP1γ expression and multiple clinicopathological parameters were estimated using the Chi square test. In addition, the effect of CBX3/HP1γ expression on patients' survival was further assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The agreement of elevated CBX3/HP1γ expression was indicated in four datasets on the Oncomine database. Aberrant overexpression of CBX3/HP1γ was identified in TSCC tissues compared with cancer-adjacent normal tissue, which was significantly associated with cervical nodes metastasis (P=0.010) and clinical stage (P=0.025). Furthermore, patients with high CBX3/HP1γ expression exhibited a reduced survival compared with those with low expression (Log-rank test, P=0.004). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that the expression status of CBX3/HP1γ could be regarded as an independent prognostic factor for TSCC patients (HR=2.461; 95% CI=1.128–5.370; P=0.024). The present study indicated that aberrant overexpression of Cbx3/HP1γ was associated with cervical nodes metastasis and unfavorable survival in TSCC. These findings suggest that CBX3/HP1γ may serve an important role in tongue tumorigenesis and may be a valuable candidate diagnostic and prognostic marker for TSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayong Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yan-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yan-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yan-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yan-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yan-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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222
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Zhong A, Tian Y, Zhang H, Lai M. DNA hydroxymethylation of colorectal primary carcinoma and its association with survival. J Surg Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29529342 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
METHODS A total of 71 cases of colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis were enrolled from the Department of Pathology of SIR RUN RUN SHAW Hospital. Paired primary tumors, hepatic metastases, and normal mucosa samples were collected from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues by manual macrodissection. And global levels of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in these tissues, measured by an ELISA-like microplate-based colorimetric methods. The immunohistochemical expression of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine were analyzed also. RESULTS The levels of DNA methylation in both primary and metastatic tumors were elevated when compared with normal mucosa, while DNA hydroxymethylation decreased slightly in those tissues. Similar results were observed in immunohistochemical staining. DNA methylation in hepatic metastases differed significantly in lymph node metastases (P = 0.037). And DNA hydroxymethylation in colorectal primary carcinoma was significantly different between tumor grade group (P = 0.018) and gender group (P = 0.048) respectively. And survival analyzes revealed that higher levels DNA hydroxymethylation were associated with better prognosis in colorectal primary carcinoma (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION DNA hydroxymethylation correlated with less aggressive tumor behavior in colorectal cancer and were identified as an independent prognostic factor in patients' overall survival, and downregulation of DNA hydroxymethylation may serve as a useful biomarker for colorectal cancer prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Pathology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Pathology Department, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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223
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Baretti M, Azad NS. The role of epigenetic therapies in colorectal cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 42:530-547. [PMID: 29625794 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although developments in the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been made in the last decade, much work remains to be done as it remains the second leading cause of cancer death. It is now well established that epigenetic events, together with genetic alterations, are key events in initiation and progression of CRC. Epigenetics refers to heritable alterations in gene expression that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence. These alterations include DNA methylation, histone alterations, chromatin remodelers, and noncoding RNAs. In CRC, aberrations in epigenome may also involve in the development of drug resistance to conventional drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. Thus, it has been suggested that combined therapies with epigenetic agents may reverse drug resistance. In this regard, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors have been extensively investigated in CRC. The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of the preclinical data that represent a proof of principle for the employment of epigenetic agents in CRC with a focus on the advantages of combinatorial therapy over single-drug treatment. We will also critically discuss the results and limitations of initial clinical experiences of epigenetic-based therapy in CRC and summarize ongoing clinical trials. Nevertheless, since recent translational research suggest that epigenetic modulators play a key role in augmenting immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment and in restoring immune recognition, we will also highlight the recent developments of combinations strategies of immunotherapies and epigenetic therapies in CRC, summarizing preclinical, and clinical data to signify this evolving and promising field for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Baretti
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University.
| | - Nilofer Saba Azad
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University
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224
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Gerber T, Willscher E, Loeffler-Wirth H, Hopp L, Schadendorf D, Schartl M, Anderegg U, Camp G, Treutlein B, Binder H, Kunz M. Mapping heterogeneity in patient-derived melanoma cultures by single-cell RNA-seq. Oncotarget 2018; 8:846-862. [PMID: 27903987 PMCID: PMC5352202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances in single-cell genomics make it possible to analyze cellular heterogeneity of tumor samples. Here, we applied single-cell RNA-seq to measure the transcriptomes of 307 single cells cultured from three biopsies of three different patients with a BRAF/NRAS wild type, BRAF mutant/NRAS wild type and BRAF wild type/NRAS mutant melanoma metastasis, respectively. Analysis based on self-organizing maps identified sub-populations defined by multiple gene expression modules involved in proliferation, oxidative phosphorylation, pigmentation and cellular stroma. Gene expression modules had prognostic relevance when compared with gene expression data from published melanoma samples and patient survival data. We surveyed kinome expression patterns across sub-populations of the BRAF/NRAS wild type sample and found that CDK4 and CDK2 were consistently highly expressed in the majority of cells, suggesting that these kinases might be involved in melanoma progression. Treatment of cells with the CDK4 inhibitor palbociclib restricted cell proliferation to a similar, and in some cases greater, extent than MAPK inhibitors. Finally, we identified a low abundant sub-population in this sample that highly expressed a module containing ABC transporter ABCB5, surface markers CD271 and CD133, and multiple aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). Patient-derived cultures of the BRAF mutant/NRAS wild type and BRAF wild type/NRAS mutant metastases showed more homogeneous single-cell gene expression patterns with gene expression modules for proliferation and ABC transporters. Taken together, our results describe an intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity in melanoma short-term cultures which might be relevant for patient survival, and suggest promising targets for new treatment approaches in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gerber
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lydia Hopp
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, 3572 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3572, USA
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gray Camp
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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225
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Mauser R, Kungulovski G, Meral D, Maisch D, Jeltsch A. Application of mixed peptide arrays to study combinatorial readout of chromatin modifications. Biochimie 2018; 146:14-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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226
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López-Lázaro M. The stem cell division theory of cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 123:95-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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227
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Kim H, Wang X, Jin P. Developing DNA methylation-based diagnostic biomarkers. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:87-97. [PMID: 29496486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An emerging paradigm shift for disease diagnosis is to rely on molecular characterization beyond traditional clinical and symptom-based examinations. Although genetic alterations and transcription signature were first introduced as potential biomarkers, clinical implementations of these markers are limited due to low reproducibility and accuracy. Instead, epigenetic changes are considered as an alternative approach to disease diagnosis. Complex epigenetic regulation is required for normal biological functions and it has been shown that distinctive epigenetic disruptions could contribute to disease pathogenesis. Disease-specific epigenetic changes, especially DNA methylation, have been observed, suggesting its potential as disease biomarkers for diagnosis. In addition to specificity, the feasibility of detecting disease-associated methylation marks in the biological specimens collected noninvasively, such as blood samples, has driven the clinical studies to validate disease-specific DNA methylation changes as a diagnostic biomarker. Here, we highlight the advantages of DNA methylation signature for diagnosis in different diseases and discuss the statistical and technical challenges to be overcome before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Kim
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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228
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PD-L1 promoter methylation is a prognostic biomarker for biochemical recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79943-79955. [PMID: 27835597 PMCID: PMC5346762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid development of programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has generated an urgent need for biomarkers assisting the selection of patients eligible for therapy. The use of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, which has been suggested as a predictive biomarker, however, is confounded by multiple unresolved issues. The aim of this study therefore was to quantify PD-L1 DNA methylation (mPD-L1) in prostate tissue samples and to evaluate its potential as a biomarker in prostate cancer (PCa). Results In the training cohort, normal tissue showed significantly lower levels of mPD-L1 compared to tumor tissue. High mPD-L1 in PCa was associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) in univariate Cox proportional hazards (hazard ratio (HR)=2.60 [95%CI: 1.50-4.51], p=0.001) and Kaplan-Meier analyses (p<0.001). These results were corroborated in an independent validation cohort in univariate Cox (HR=1.24 [95%CI: 1.08-1.43], p=0.002) and Kaplan-Meier analyses (p=0.029). Although mPD-L1 and PD-L1 protein expression did not correlate in the validation cohort, both parameters added significant prognostic information in bivariate Cox analysis (HR=1.22 [95%CI: 1.05-1.42], p=0.008 for mPD-L1 and HR=2.58 [95%CI: 1.43-4.63], p=0.002 for PD-L1 protein expression). Methods mPD-L1 was analyzed in a training cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=498) and was subsequently measured in an independent validation cohort (n=299) by quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR. All patients had undergone radical prostatectomy. Conclusions mPD-L1 is a promising biomarker for the risk stratification of PCa patients and might offer additional relevant prognostic information to the implemented clinical parameters, particularly in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibition.
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229
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Tian W, Li YS, Zhang JH, Li JJ, Gao JH. Comprehensive Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Datasets Identified MMP9 and TWIST1 as Important Pathogenic Genes of Lung Adenocarcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:336-346. [PMID: 29443542 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high mortality of lung cancer, early diagnosis followed by early effective treatment is the key to prognosis improvement, which demands to identify the biological targets. Therefore, a multistage screening analysis was used to identify biological targets of lung adenocarcinoma. Two independent datasets of DNA methylation and RNA expression microarray in lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues were chosen from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The association between DNA methylation and gene expression was explored, and the prognostic value of the hub genes was also evaluated. In this study, 8533 differential methylation sites, mostly located in the CpG island region and corresponding to 2754 genes (referred as differential methylation genes), were detected from methylation microarray. Besides, we obtained 830 differential expression genes, including 570 downregulated and 260 upregulated genes, through differential expression analysis. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified CXCL12, GFR, KDR, MMP9, TEK, and TWIST as core nodes, involving in the process of tumor cell identification, cell growth, cytokine secretion, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis. Among them, MMP9 and TWIST1 were identified as more valuable biological targets for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of lung cancer through Kaplan-Meier analysis of TCGA lung adenocarcinoma datasets. Our study should contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital , Cangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital , Cangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital , Cangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital , Cangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hua Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital , Cangzhou, China
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230
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Puisieux A, Pommier RM, Morel AP, Lavial F. Cellular Pliancy and the Multistep Process of Tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:164-172. [PMID: 29438693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Completion of early stages of tumorigenesis relies on the dynamic interplay between the initiating oncogenic event and the cellular context. Here, we review recent findings indicating that each differentiation stage within a defined cellular lineage is associated with a unique susceptibility to malignant transformation when subjected to a specific oncogenic insult. This emerging notion, named cellular pliancy, provides a rationale for the short delay in the development of pediatric cancers of prenatal origin. It also highlights the critical role of cellular reprogramming in early steps of malignant transformation of adult differentiated cells and its impact on the natural history of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Puisieux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer "EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity", Lyon 69008, France; LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - Roxane M Pommier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer "EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity", Lyon 69008, France; LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer "EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity", Lyon 69008, France; LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe "Cellular Reprogramming and Oncogenesis", Lyon 69008, France
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231
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Wang B, Song H, Jiang H, Fu Y, Ding X, Zhou C. Early diagnostic potential of APC hypermethylation in esophageal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:181-198. [PMID: 29440928 PMCID: PMC5798573 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s148677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hypermethylation of APC gene is observed in various cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC). However, the association between APC methylation and the initiation and progression of EC is poorly understood. Purpose and methods The current study systematically reviewed studies on abnormal methylation of APC in EC and quantitatively synthesized 18 studies by meta-analysis involving 1008 ECs, 570 Barrett's esophagus (BE), and 782 controls. Results Our results showed higher methylation of APC in EC (OR = 23.33, P < 0.001) and BE (OR = 9.34, P < 0.001) than in normal controls. Whereas APC methylation in EC was similar to that in BE (P = 0.052), it was not associated with tumor stage (P = 0.204). Additionally, APC methylation was not significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with EC. The performance of APC methylation for the detection of EC and BE achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.94 and 0.88, respectively. Conclusion Our results imply that APC methylation detection is a potential diagnostic biomarker for EC and BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo
| | - Haojun Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo
| | - Haizhong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo
| | - Yangbo Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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232
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Kar S, Patra SK. Overexpression of OCT4 induced by modulation of histone marks plays crucial role in breast cancer progression. Gene 2018; 643:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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233
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Lei X, Muscat JE, Zhang B, Sha X, Xiu G. Differentially DNA methylation changes induced in vitro by traffic-derived nanoparticulate matter. Toxicology 2018; 395:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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234
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Li SH, Lu HI, Huang WT, Tien WY, Lan YC, Lin WC, Tsai HT, Chen CH. The Prognostic Significance of Histone Demethylase UTX in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010297. [PMID: 29351209 PMCID: PMC5796242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the ubiquitously transcribed TPR gene on the X chromosome (UTX) has been reported to be involved in the oncogenesis of several types of cancers. However, the expression and significance of UTX in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely undetermined. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 106 ESCC patients, and correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. The functional role of UTX in ESCC cells was determined by UTX-mediated siRNA. Univariate analyses showed that high UTX expression was associated with superior overall survival (OS, p = 0.011) and disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.01). UTX overexpression was an independent prognosticator in multivariate analysis for OS (p = 0.013, hazard ratio = 1.996) and DFS (p = 0.009, hazard ratio = 1.972). The 5-year OS rates were 39% and 61% in patients with low expression and high expression of UTX, respectively. Inhibition of endogenous UTX in ESCC cells increased cell viability and BrdU incorporation, and decreased the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. Immunohistochemically, UTX expression was also positively correlated with E-cadherin expression. High UTX expression is independently associated with a better prognosis in patients with ESCC and downregulation of UTX increases ESCC cell growth and decreases E-cadherin expression. Our results suggest that UTX may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Hsuan Li
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-I Lu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Yu Tien
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chun Lan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ting Tsai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China.
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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235
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Pan J, Ruan W, Qin M, Long Y, Wan T, Yu K, Zhai Y, Wu C, Xu Y. Intradermal delivery of STAT3 siRNA to treat melanoma via dissolving microneedles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1117. [PMID: 29348670 PMCID: PMC5773564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivity of signal transducer and activity of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a crucial role in melanoma invasion and metastasis. Gene therapy applying siRNA targeting STAT3 is a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma. In this article, we first fabricated safe and novel dissolving microneedles (MNs) for topical application of STAT3 siRNA to enhance the skin penetration of siRNA and used polyethylenimine (PEI, 25 kDa) as carrier to improve cellular uptake of siRNA. The results showed that MNs can effectively penetrate skin and rapidly dissolve in the skin. In vitro B16F10 cell experiments presented that STAT3 siRNA PEI complex can enhance cellular uptake and transfection of siRNA, correspondingly enhance gene silencing efficiency and inhibit tumor cells growth. In vivo experiments indicated that topical application of STAT3 siRNA PEI complex delivered by dissolving MNs into skin can effectively suppress the development of melanoma through silencing STAT3 gene, and the inhibition effect is dose-dependent. STAT3 siRNA delivery via dissolving MNs is a promising approach for skin melanoma treatment with targeting inhibition efficacy and minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenyi Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengyao Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yueming Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaiyue Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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236
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Kunos CA, Coleman CN. Current and Future Initiatives for Radiation Oncology at the National Cancer Institute in the Era of Precision Medicine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:18-25. [PMID: 29325810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.02.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Kunos
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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237
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Flavahan WA, Gaskell E, Bernstein BE. Epigenetic plasticity and the hallmarks of cancer. Science 2018; 357:357/6348/eaal2380. [PMID: 28729483 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 785] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin and associated epigenetic mechanisms stabilize gene expression and cellular states while also facilitating appropriate responses to developmental or environmental cues. Genetic, environmental, or metabolic insults can induce overly restrictive or overly permissive epigenetic landscapes that contribute to pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases. Restrictive chromatin states may prevent appropriate induction of tumor suppressor programs or block differentiation. By contrast, permissive or "plastic" states may allow stochastic oncogene activation or nonphysiologic cell fate transitions. Whereas many stochastic events will be inconsequential "passengers," some will confer a fitness advantage to a cell and be selected as "drivers." We review the broad roles played by epigenetic aberrations in tumor initiation and evolution and their potential to give rise to all classic hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Flavahan
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gaskell
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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238
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Naveja JJ, Medina-Franco JL. Insights from pharmacological similarity of epigenetic targets in epipolypharmacology. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:141-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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239
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Ravichandran M, Jurkowska RZ, Jurkowski TP. Target specificity of mammalian DNA methylation and demethylation machinery. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1419-1435. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02574b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We review here the molecular mechanisms employed by DNMTs and TET enzymes that are responsible for shaping the DNA methylation pattern of a mammalian cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T. P. Jurkowski
- Universität Stuttgart
- Abteilung Biochemie
- Institute für Biochemie und Technische Biochemie
- Stuttgart D-70569
- Germany
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240
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Ohashi M, Umemura Y, Koike N, Tsuchiya Y, Inada Y, Watanabe H, Tanaka T, Minami Y, Ukimura O, Miki T, Tajiri T, Kondoh G, Yamada Y, Yagita K. Disruption of circadian clockwork in in vivo reprogramming-induced mouse kidney tumors. Genes Cells 2017; 23:60-69. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Ohashi
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
- Department of Urology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yutaka Inada
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoichi Minami
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tsuneharu Miki
- Department of Urology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA); Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
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241
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The antihypertensive drug hydralazine activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and causes DNA damage in leukemic T cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21875-86. [PMID: 26942461 PMCID: PMC5008330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic therapies have emerged as promising anticancer approaches, since epigenetic modifications play a major role in tumor initiation and progression. Hydralazine, an approved vasodilator and antihypertensive drug, has been recently shown to act as a DNA methylation inhibitor. Even though hydralazine is already tested in clinical cancer trials, its mechanism of antitumor action remains undefined. Here, we show that hydralazine induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in human p53-mutant leukemic T cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that hydralazine triggered the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis by inducing Bak activation and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Hydralazine treatment further resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, whereas a superoxide dismutase mimetic inhibited hydralazine-induced cell death. Interestingly, caspase-9-deficient Jurkat cells or Bcl-2- and Bcl-xL-overexpressing cells were strongly resistant to hydralazine treatment, thereby demonstrating the dependence of hydralazine-induced apoptosis on the mitochondrial death pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hydralazine treatment triggered DNA damage which might contribute to its antitumor effect.
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242
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Aztopal N, Erkisa M, Erturk E, Ulukaya E, Tokullugil AH, Ari F. Valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induces apoptosis in breast cancer stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 280:51-58. [PMID: 29225137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a cell subpopulation that can reinitiate tumors, resist chemotherapy, give rise to metastases and lead to disease relapse because of an acquired resistance to apoptosis. Especially, epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in the regulation of stemness and also have been implicated in the development of drug resistance. Hence, in the present study, we examined the cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of valproic acid (VPA) as an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) against breast CSCs (BCSCs). Increased expression of stemness markers were determined by western blotting in mammospheres (MCF-7s, a cancer stem cell-enriched population) propagated from parental MCF-7 cells. Anti-growth activity of VPA was determined via ATP viability assay. The sphere formation assay (SFA) was performed to assess the inhibitory effect of VPA on the self-renewal capacity of MCF-7s cells. Acetylation of histon H3 was detected with ELISA assay. Cell death mode was performed by Hoechst dye 33342 and propidium iodide-based flouresent stainings (for pyknosis and membrane integrity), by M30 and M65 ELISA assays (for apoptosis and primary or secondary necrosis) as well as cytofluorimetric analysis (caspase 3/7 activity and annexin-V-FITC staining for early and late stage apoptosis). VPA exhibited anti-growth effect against both MCF-7 and MCF-7s cells in a dose (0.6-20 mM) and time (24, 48, 72 h) dependent manner. As expected, MCF-7s cells were found more resistant to VPA than MCF-7 cells. It was observed that VPA prevented mammosphere formation at relatively lower doses (2.5 and 5 mM) while the acetylation of histon H3 was increased. At the same doses, VPA increased the M30 levels, annexin-V-FITC positivity and caspase 3/7 activation, implying the induction of apoptosis. The secondary necrosis (late stage of apoptosis) was also evidenced by nuclear pyknosis with propidium iodide staining positivity. Taken together, inhibition of HDACs is cytotoxic to BCSCs by apoptosis. Our results suggested that targeting the epigenetic regulation of histones may be a novel approach and hold significant promise for successful treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlıhan Aztopal
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey; Uludag University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Merve Erkisa
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey; Uludag University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Elif Erturk
- Uludag University, Vocational School of Health Services, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ferda Ari
- Uludag University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey.
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243
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Farahmand L, Darvishi B, Salehi M, Samadi Kouchaksaraei S, Majidzadeh-A K. Functionalised nanomaterials for eradication of CSCs, a promising approach for overcoming tumour heterogeneity. J Drug Target 2017; 26:649-657. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1405426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Tasnim Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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244
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Li J, Zhou C, Ni S, Wang S, Ni C, Yang P, Ye M. Methylated claudin-11 associated with metastasis and poor survival of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96249-96262. [PMID: 29221203 PMCID: PMC5707097 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of crucial epigenetic modification, DNA methylation plays an important role during the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the current study, we used a human genome methylation array to detect the aberrant methylation genes in CRC. We further identified the hypermethylation of claudin-11 (CLDN11) and proved inverse correlation between CLDN11 methylation and its expression in CRC. In vitro experiments showed debased migration ability of colonic cancer cells in accompany with the converted methylation of CLDN11 after colonic cancer cells treated with demethylation agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Besides, our results also represented that hypermethylation of CLDN11 was associated with increased metastatic potential of CRC and with low progression free survival (PFS) of CRC. In conclusion, our findings supported that the hypermethylated CLDN11 is associated with metastasis of CRC and prognosis of poor survival of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shumin Ni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
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245
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Begicevic RR, Falasca M. ABC Transporters in Cancer Stem Cells: Beyond Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2362. [PMID: 29117122 PMCID: PMC5713331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy is one of the main challenges in cancer treatment and one of the major obstacles to overcome in achieving lasting remission and a definitive cure in patients with cancer is the emergence of cancer resistance. Indeed, drug resistance is ultimately accountable for poor treatment outcomes and tumour relapse. There are various molecular mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance, such as the change in the activity of membrane transporters primarily belonging to the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. In addition, it has been proposed that this common feature could be attributed to a subpopulation of slow-cycling cancer stem cells (CSCs), endowed with enhanced tumorigenic potential and multidrug resistance. CSCs are characterized by the overexpression of specific surface markers that vary in different cancer cell types. Overexpression of ABC transporters has been reported in several cancers and more predominantly in CSCs. While the major focus on the role played by ABC transporters in cancer is polarized by their involvement in chemoresistance, emerging evidence supports a more active role of these proteins, in which they release specific bioactive molecules in the extracellular milieu. This review will outline our current understanding of the role played by ABC transporters in CSCs, how their expression is regulated and how they support the malignant metabolic phenotype. To summarize, we suggest that the increased expression of ABC transporters in CSCs may have precise functional roles and provide the opportunity to target, particularly these cells, by using specific ABC transporter inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana-Rea Begicevic
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia.
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246
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Cao Y. Tumorigenesis as a process of gradual loss of original cell identity and gain of properties of neural precursor/progenitor cells. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:61. [PMID: 29177029 PMCID: PMC5693707 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease without a unified explanation for its cause so far. Our recent work demonstrates that cancer cells share similar regulatory networks and characteristics with embryonic neural cells. Based on the study, I will address the relationship between tumor and neural cells in more details. I collected the evidence from various aspects of cancer development in many other studies, and integrated the information from studies on cancer cell properties, cell fate specification during embryonic development and evolution. Synthesis of the information strongly supports that cancer cells share much more similarities with neural progenitor/stem cells than with mesenchymal-type cells and that tumorigenesis represents a process of gradual loss of cell or lineage identity and gain of characteristics of neural cells. I also discuss cancer EMT, a concept having been under intense debate, and possibly the true meaning of EMT in cancer initiation and development. This synthesis provides fresh insights into a unified explanation for and a previously unrecognized nature of tumorigenesis, which might not be revealed by studies on individual molecular events. The review will also present some brief suggestions for cancer research based on the proposed model of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061 China
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247
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Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Transcription factors: Time to deliver. J Control Release 2017; 269:24-35. [PMID: 29113792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are at the center of the broad regulatory network orchestrating gene expression programs that elicit different biological responses. For a long time, TFs have been considered as potent drug targets due to their implications in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. At the same time, TFs, located at convergence points of cellular regulatory pathways, are powerful tools providing opportunities both for cell type change and for managing the state of cells. This task formulation requires the TF modulation problem to come to the fore. We review several ways to manage TF activity (small molecules, transfection, nanocarriers, protein-based approaches), analyzing their limitations and the possibilities to overcome them. Delivery of TFs could revolutionize the biomedical field. Whether this forecast comes true will depend on the ability to develop convenient technologies for targeted delivery of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Ulasov
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia.
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248
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Rogawski DS, Vitanza NA, Gauthier AC, Ramaswamy V, Koschmann C. Integrating RNA sequencing into neuro-oncology practice. Transl Res 2017; 189:93-104. [PMID: 28746860 PMCID: PMC5659901 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) cause substantial morbidity and mortality, yet efforts to optimize chemo- and radiotherapy have largely failed to improve dismal prognoses. Over the past decade, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool to comprehensively characterize the transcriptome of CNS tumor cells in one high-throughput step, leading to improved understanding of CNS tumor biology and suggesting new routes for targeted therapies. RNA-seq has been instrumental in improving the diagnostic classification of brain tumors, characterizing oncogenic fusion genes, and shedding light on intratumor heterogeneity. Currently, RNA-seq is beginning to be incorporated into regular neuro-oncology practice in the form of precision neuro-oncology programs, which use information from tumor sequencing to guide implementation of personalized targeted therapies. These programs show great promise in improving patient outcomes for tumors where single agent trials have been ineffective. As RNA-seq is a relatively new technique, many further applications yielding new advances in CNS tumor research and management are expected in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rogawski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | | | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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249
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Shaheen S, Ahmed M, Lorenzi F, Nateri AS. Spheroid-Formation (Colonosphere) Assay for in Vitro Assessment and Expansion of Stem Cells in Colon Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:492-9. [PMID: 27207017 PMCID: PMC4919387 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) form a disorganized hierarchy of heterogeneous cell populations on which current chemotherapy regimens fail to exert their distinctive cytotoxicity. A small sub-population of poorly differentiated cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), also known as cancer initiating cells, may exhibit embryonic and/or adult stem-cell gene expression signatures. Self-renewal and survival signals are also dominant over differentiation in CSCs. However, inducers of differentiation exclusive to CSC may affect cellular pathways required for the formation and progression of a tumor, which are not utilized in normal adult stem-cells. Nevertheless, assays for targeting CSCs have been hindered by expanding and maintaining rare CSCs in vitro. However, CRC-CSCs are able to form floating spheroids (known as colonospheres) 3-dimentinionally (3D) in a serum-free defined medium. Therefore, great efforts have been paid to improve colonosphere forming assay as a preclinical model to study tumor biology and to conduct drug screening in cancer research. The 3D-colonosphere culture model may also represent in vivo conditions for the spontaneous aggregation of cancer cells in spheroids. This protocol describes the development of an enrichment/culture assay using CRC-CSCs to facilitate colorectal cancer research through immunofluorescence staining of colonospheres. We have developed colonospheres from HCT116 CRC cell line to compare and link CRC-CSC markers to the NANOG expression level using an immunofluorescence assay. Our data also show that the immunostaining assay of colonosphere is a useful method to explore the role and dynamics of CRC-CSCs division between self-renewal and cell lineage differentiation of cancer cells. In principle, this method is applicable to a variety of primary cells and cell lines of epithelial origin. Furthermore, this protocol may also allow screening of libraries of compounds to identify bona fide CRC-CSC differentiation inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameerah Shaheen
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Mehreen Ahmed
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Federica Lorenzi
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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250
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Naked Mole Rat Cells Have a Stable Epigenome that Resists iPSC Reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1721-1734. [PMID: 29107597 PMCID: PMC5831052 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole rat (NMR) is a valuable model for aging and cancer research due to its exceptional longevity and cancer resistance. We observed that the reprogramming efficiency of NMR fibroblasts in response to OSKM was drastically lower than that of mouse fibroblasts. Expression of SV40 LargeT antigen (LT) dramatically improved reprogramming of NMR fibroblasts. Inactivation of Rb alone, but not p53, was sufficient to improve reprogramming efficiency, suggesting that NMR chromatin may be refractory to reprogramming. Analysis of the global histone landscape revealed that NMR had higher levels of repressive H3K27 methylation marks and lower levels of activating H3K27 acetylation marks than mouse. ATAC-seq revealed that in NMR, promoters of reprogramming genes were more closed than mouse promoters, while expression of LT led to massive opening of the NMR promoters. These results suggest that NMR displays a more stable epigenome that resists de-differentiation, contributing to the cancer resistance and longevity of this species. Naked mole rat (NMR) fibroblasts are resistant to OSKM reprogramming Inactivation of Rb facilitates reprogramming of NMR cells NMR cells have higher levels of repressive H3K27 methylation relative to the mouse NMR cells have more closed chromatin in promoters relative to the mouse
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