201
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Beyrent E, Gomez G. Oxidative stress differentially induces tau dissociation from neuronal microtubules in neurites of neurons cultured from different regions of the embryonic Gallus domesticus brain. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:734-747. [PMID: 31621106 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins such as tau has been shown to play a role in neurodegenerative disorders. It is hypothesized that oxidative stress-induced aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau could lead to the microtubule network degradation commonly associated with neurodegeneration. We investigated whether oxidative stress induced tau hyperphosphorylation and focused on neurite degradation using cultured neurons isolated from the embryonic chick brain as a model system. Cells were isolated from the cerebrum, cerebellum, and tectum of 14-day-old chicks, grown separately in culture, and treated with tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (to simulate oxidative stress) for 48 hr. Relative expression and localization of tau or phospho-tau and β-tubulin III in neurites were determined using quantitative immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. In untreated cells, tau was tightly colocalized with β-tubulin III. Increasing levels of oxidative stress induced an increase in overall tau expression in neurites of cerebral and tectal but not the cerebellar neurons, coupled with a decrease in phospho-tau expression in tectal but not the cerebral or cerebellar neurons. In addition, oxidative stress induced the degeneration of the distal ends of the neurites and redistribution of phospho-tau toward the neuronal soma in the cerebral but not the tectal and cerebellar neurons. These results suggest that oxidative stress induces changes in tau protein that precede cytoskeletal degradation and neurite retraction. Additionally, there is a differential susceptibility of neuronal subpopulations to oxidative stress, which may offer potential avenues for investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying the differential manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders in different regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Beyrent
- Biology Department, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - George Gomez
- Biology Department, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA
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202
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SPOP suppresses pancreatic cancer progression by promoting the degradation of NANOG. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:794. [PMID: 31624231 PMCID: PMC6797744 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Speckle-type POZ domain protein (SPOP), an adaptor in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, recognizes substrates and promotes protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. It appears to help regulate progression of several cancers, and we show here that it acts as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer. Our analysis of patient tissues showed decreased SPOP expression, which was associated with poor prognosis. SPOP knockdown in SW1990 (in vitro/vivo) and PANC-1 (in vitro) cells led to significantly greater proliferation, migration, and invasion. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in SW1990 cells showed that SPOP interacted with the stem-cell marker NANOG, and this interaction has recently been shown to play a critical role in regulating progression of prostate cancer. We showed that, in one patient with pancreatic cancer, the expression of a truncated form of SPOP (p.Q360*) lacking the nuclear localization signal led to nuclear accumulation of NANOG, which promoted growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Our results suggest that SPOP suppresses progression of pancreatic cancer by promoting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NANOG. These results identify the SPOP-NANOG interaction as a potential therapeutic target against pancreatic cancer.
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203
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Mookherjee D, Majumder P, Mukherjee R, Chatterjee D, Kaul Z, Das S, Sougrat R, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti O. Cytosolic aggregates in presence of non‐translocated proteins perturb endoplasmic reticulum structure and dynamics. Traffic 2019; 20:943-960. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debdatto Mookherjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
| | - Priyanka Majumder
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural SciencesShiv Nadar University Dadri UP India
| | - Rukmini Mukherjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Frankfurt Am Main Germany
| | - Debmita Chatterjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
| | - Zenia Kaul
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Subhrangshu Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Rachid Sougrat
- Imaging and Characterization Lab4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics DivisionSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
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204
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Lithium facilitates removal of misfolded proteins and attenuated faulty interaction between mutant SOD1 and p-CREB (Ser133) through enhanced autophagy in mutant hSOD1G93A transfected neuronal cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6299-6309. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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205
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Anisimov S, Takahashi M, Kakihana T, Katsuragi Y, Kitaura H, Zhang L, Kakita A, Fujii M. G3BP1 inhibits ubiquitinated protein aggregations induced by p62 and USP10. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12896. [PMID: 31501480 PMCID: PMC6733845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates in cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several degenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease (PD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we found that Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) inhibits ubiquitinated protein aggregations induced by p62 and USP10 in cultured cells. p62 is a ubiquitin receptor, and p62 and its binding partner USP10 have been shown to augment ubiquitinated protein aggregation. G3BP1 interacted with p62 and USP10 and inhibited p62/USP10-induced protein aggregation. The G3BP1 inhibition of protein aggregations targeted two aggregation-prone proteins, α-synuclein and CFTR-ΔF508, which are causative factors of PD and CF, respectively. G3BP1 depletion increased the amounts of ubiquitinated α-synuclein and CFTR-ΔF508 protein. A proteasome reporter indicated that G3BP1 depletion inhibits the proteasome activity. We herein present evidence that G3BP1, p62 and USP10 together control ubiquitinated protein toxicity by controlling both ubiquitination and aggregation. Taken together, these results suggest that G3BP1, p62 and USP10 could be therapeutic targets for ubiquitinated protein aggregation disorders, including PD and CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Anisimov
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Taichi Kakihana
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katsuragi
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitaura
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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206
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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhang A, Wu W, Chen W, Yan X, Liu H, Hu Y, Jiang C, Xu Y, Wang X, Han S. Peptidomic analysis reveals multiple protection of human breast milk on infants during different stages. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15510-15526. [PMID: 30741421 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that human breast milk (HBM) is an important nutrient for the growth and development of newborns. Currently, peptide drugs provide promising regimes in neonatal disease treatment, especially peptides from HBM that exhibit multiple functions within cells. To explore the potential biological function peptides among the colostrum, transition and mature milk from mother of extremely low birth weight children (the samples were collected from Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2016 to February 2017). A total of 3,182 nonredundant peptides were identified and compared among colostrum, transitional and mature milk using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry technology, and the numbers and fragments of peptides were various. The isoelectric point and molecular weight analysis of the differentially expressed peptides basically accord with the range of mass spectrometry identification (<3 kDa). Gene Ontology analysis and Pathway analysis, restriction sites analysis, as well as bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed peptides enriched a variety of biological processes. We identified several putative peptides that might have bioactive effects in diseases and development of newborns, which will inform further functional investigations. Our preliminary research provided a better understanding of the function of peptides during the newborn periods. Furthermore, it laid a foundation for discovering new peptide drugs in neonatal disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Children's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhangbin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyun Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyao Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuping Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
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207
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Zhang L, Wei PF, Song YH, Dong L, Wu YD, Hao ZY, Fan S, Tai S, Meng JL, Lu Y, Xue J, Liang CZ, Wen LP. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles accelerate the clearance of mutant huntingtin selectively through ubiquitin-proteasome system. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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208
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Mannini B, Vecchi G, Labrador-Garrido A, Fabre B, Fani G, Franco JM, Lilley K, Pozo D, Vendruscolo M, Chiti F, Dobson CM, Roodveldt C. Differential Interactome and Innate Immune Response Activation of Two Structurally Distinct Misfolded Protein Oligomers. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3464-3478. [PMID: 31313906 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of misfolded protein oligomers during early stages of amyloid aggregation and the activation of neuroinflammatory responses are two key events associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Although it has been established that misfolded oligomers are involved in the neuroinflammatory process, the links between their structural features and their functional effects on the immune response remain unknown. To explore such links, we took advantage of two structurally distinct soluble oligomers (type A and B) of protein HypF-N and compared the elicited microglial inflammatory responses. By using confocal microscopy, protein pull-down, and high-throughput mass spectrometry, we found that, even though both types bound to a common pool of microglial proteins, type B oligomers-with a lower solvent-exposed hydrophobicity-showed enhanced protein binding, correlating with the observed inflammatory response. Furthermore, the interactome associated with inflammatory-mediated neurodegeneration revealed previously unidentified receptors and signaling molecules likely to be involved in the oligomer-elicited innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Mannini
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Giulia Vecchi
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Adahir Labrador-Garrido
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) - Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Systems Biology Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1GA Cambridge, U.K
| | - Giulia Fani
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Jaime M. Franco
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) - Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Kathryn Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Systems Biology Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1GA Cambridge, U.K
| | - David Pozo
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) - Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Cintia Roodveldt
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) - Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
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209
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Kamikubo K, Kato H, Kioka H, Yamazaki S, Tsukamoto O, Nishida Y, Asano Y, Imamura H, Kawahara H, Shintani Y, Takashima S. A molecular triage process mediated by RING finger protein 126 and BCL2-associated athanogene 6 regulates degradation of G 0/G 1 switch gene 2. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14562-14573. [PMID: 31371451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation generates most of the ATP in respiring cells. ATP is an essential energy source, especially in cardiomyocytes because of their continuous contraction and relaxation. Previously, we reported that G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) positively regulates mitochondrial ATP production by interacting with FOF1-ATP synthase. G0S2 overexpression mitigates ATP decline in cardiomyocytes and strongly increases their hypoxic tolerance during ischemia. Here, we show that G0S2 protein undergoes proteasomal degradation via a cytosolic molecular triage system and that inhibiting this process increases mitochondrial ATP production in hypoxia. First, we performed screening with a library of siRNAs targeting ubiquitin-related genes and identified RING finger protein 126 (RNF126) as an E3 ligase involved in G0S2 degradation. RNF126-deficient cells exhibited prolonged G0S2 protein turnover and reduced G0S2 ubiquitination. BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6), involved in the molecular triage of nascent membrane proteins, enhanced RNF126-mediated G0S2 ubiquitination both in vitro and in vivo Next, we found that Glu-44 in the hydrophobic region of G0S2 acts as a degron necessary for G0S2 polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Because this degron was required for an interaction of G0S2 with BAG6, an alanine-replaced G0S2 mutant (E44A) escaped degradation. In primary cultured cardiomyocytes, both overexpression of the G0S2 E44A mutant and RNF126 knockdown effectively attenuated ATP decline under hypoxic conditions. We conclude that the RNF126/BAG6 complex contributes to G0S2 degradation and that interventions to prevent G0S2 degradation may offer a therapeutic strategy for managing ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kamikubo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasunori Shintani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan .,Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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210
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Ueno N, Kashiwagi M, Kanekatsu M, Marubashi W, Yamada T. Accumulation of protein aggregates induces autolytic programmed cell death in hybrid tobacco cells expressing hybrid lethality. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10223. [PMID: 31308420 PMCID: PMC6629611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid cells of Nicotiana suaveolens x N. tabacum grow normally at 36 °C, but immediately express lethality due to probable autoimmune response when transferred from 36 to 28 °C. Our recent study showed that the temperature-sensitive lethality of these hybrid cells occurs through autolytic programmed cell death (PCD). However, what happens in hybrid cells following the induction of autoimmune response to autolytic PCD is unclear. We hypothesized that accumulation of protein aggregates in hybrid cells induces autolytic PCD and examined detergent-insoluble protein (protein aggregates) isolated from hybrid cells expressing lethality. The amount of insoluble proteins increased in hybrid cells. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, a chemical chaperone, inhibited both the accumulation of insoluble proteins and irreversible progression of cell death. In contrast, E-64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, accelerated both the accumulation of insoluble proteins and cell death. Moreover, proteome analysis revealed that proteasome-component proteins were accumulated specifically in cells treated with E-64, and proteasome activity of hybrid cells decreased after induction of lethality. These findings demonstrate that accumulation of protein aggregates, including proteasome subunits, eventually cause autolytic PCD in hybrid cells. This suggests a novel process inducing plant PCD by loss of protein homeostasis and provides clues to future approaches for elucidating the whole process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ueno
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kashiwagi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Kanekatsu
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Marubashi
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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211
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Gandhi J, Antonelli AC, Afridi A, Vatsia S, Joshi G, Romanov V, Murray IVJ, Khan SA. Protein misfolding and aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases: a review of pathogeneses, novel detection strategies, and potential therapeutics. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:339-358. [PMID: 30742586 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding is a complex, multisystem process characterized by heavy molecular and cellular footprints. Chaperone machinery enables proper protein folding and stable conformation. Other pathways concomitant with the protein folding process include transcription, translation, post-translational modifications, degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. As such, the folding process can go awry in several different ways. The pathogenic basis behind most neurodegenerative diseases is that the disruption of protein homeostasis (i.e. proteostasis) at any level will eventually lead to protein misfolding. Misfolded proteins often aggregate and accumulate to trigger neurotoxicity through cellular stress pathways and consequently cause neurodegenerative diseases. The manifestation of a disease is usually dependent on the specific brain region that the neurotoxicity affects. Neurodegenerative diseases are age-associated, and their incidence is expected to rise as humans continue to live longer and pursue a greater life expectancy. We presently review the sequelae of protein misfolding and aggregation, as well as the role of these phenomena in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and spinocerebellar ataxia. Strategies for treatment and therapy are also conferred with respect to impairing, inhibiting, or reversing protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, USA.,Medical Student Research Institute, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Anthony C Antonelli
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, USA
| | - Adil Afridi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, USA
| | - Sohrab Vatsia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th Street, New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Gunjan Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, 240 Meeting House Lane, Southampton, NY 11968, USA
| | - Victor Romanov
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences Center T9-040, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8093, USA
| | - Ian V J Murray
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, USA.,Department of Urology, Health Sciences Center T9-040, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8093, USA
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212
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Park PSH. Rhodopsin Oligomerization and Aggregation. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:413-423. [PMID: 31286171 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhodopsin is the light receptor in photoreceptor cells of the retina and a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor. Two types of quaternary structures can be adopted by rhodopsin. If rhodopsin folds and attains a proper tertiary structure, it can then form oligomers and nanodomains within the photoreceptor cell membrane. In contrast, if rhodopsin misfolds, it cannot progress through the biosynthetic pathway and instead will form aggregates that can cause retinal degenerative disease. In this review, emerging views are highlighted on the supramolecular organization of rhodopsin within the membrane of photoreceptor cells and the aggregation of rhodopsin that can lead to retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S-H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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213
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Arata Y, Watanabe A, Motosugi R, Iemura S, Natsume T, Mukai K, Taguchi T, Hirayama S, Hamazaki J, Murata S. FAM48A mediates compensatory autophagy induced by proteasome impairment. Genes Cells 2019; 24:559-568. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Arata
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Ayaka Watanabe
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryo Motosugi
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Shun‐ichiro Iemura
- Medical Industry Translational Research Center Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Biomedicinal Information Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Kojiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Miyagi Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Miyagi Japan
| | - Shoshiro Hirayama
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Hamazaki
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigeo Murata
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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214
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Pan B, Lewno MT, Wu P, Wang X. Highly Dynamic Changes in the Activity and Regulation of Macroautophagy in Hearts Subjected to Increased Proteotoxic Stress. Front Physiol 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31297061 PMCID: PMC6606963 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (referred to as autophagy hereafter) plays an important role in the quality control of cellular proteins and organelles. Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) globally activates the expression of genes in the autophagic-lysosomal pathway (ALP) to replenish lysosomes and ALP machineries. We previously reported that myocardial TFEB signaling was impaired in advanced cardiac proteinopathy; however, myocardial ALP status and TFEB activity at earlier stages of cardiac proteinopathy remain uncharacterized. Here a stable line of CryABR120G transgenic (R120G) and non-transgenic (NTG) littermate mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of CryABR120G were used at 1, 3, and 6 months of age. At 1 month when no cardiac phenotypes other than aberrant protein aggregation are discernible, R120G mice displayed a 5-fold increase in myocardial LC3-II flux. Interestingly, the LC3-II flux increase co-existed with increases in mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activities as well as cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, TFEB proteins. This increase in cytoplasmic TFEB proteins occurred without any discernible alteration in TFEB activity as reflected by unchanged mRNA levels of representative TFEB target genes (Mcoln1, M6pr, Sqstm1, Vps18, and Uvrag). At 3 months of age when hypertrophy and diastolic malfunction start to develop, the LC3-II flux remained significantly increased but to a lesser degree (2-fold) than at 1 month. The LC3-II flux increase was associated with decreased mTORC1 activities and with increased nuclear TFEB proteins and TFEB activities. At 6 months of age when congestive heart failure is apparent in R120G mice, both LC3-II flux and TFEB activities were severely suppressed, while mTORC1 activity increased. We conclude that changes in both autophagy and TFEB signaling are highly dynamic during the progression of cardiac proteinopathy. Increases in autophagy occur before increases in TFEB activities but both increase in the compensatory stage of cardiac proteinopathy. Once congestive heart failure develops, both autophagy and TFEB signaling become impaired. Our results suggest that TFEB signaling is regulated by both mTORC1-dependent and -independent mechanisms in hearts subjected to increased proteotoxic stress. For therapeutic exploration, it will be important to test the effect of TFEB stimulation at the early, intermediate, and late stages of cardiac proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Megan T Lewno
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Penglong Wu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
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215
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Riederer P, Berg D, Casadei N, Cheng F, Classen J, Dresel C, Jost W, Krüger R, Müller T, Reichmann H, Rieß O, Storch A, Strobel S, van Eimeren T, Völker HU, Winkler J, Winklhofer KF, Wüllner U, Zunke F, Monoranu CM. α-Synuclein in Parkinson's disease: causal or bystander? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:815-840. [PMID: 31240402 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) comprises a spectrum of disorders with differing subtypes, the vast majority of which share Lewy bodies (LB) as a characteristic pathological hallmark. The process(es) underlying LB generation and its causal trigger molecules are not yet fully understood. α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of LB and SNCA gene missense mutations or duplications/triplications are causal for rare hereditary forms of PD. As typical sporadic PD is associated with LB pathology, a factor of major importance is the study of the α-syn protein and its pathology. α-Syn pathology is, however, also evident in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Lewy body disease (LBD), making it non-specific for PD. In addition, there is an overlap of these α-synucleinopathies with other protein-misfolding diseases. It has been proven that α-syn, phosphorylated tau protein (pτ), amyloid beta (Aβ) and other proteins show synergistic effects in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Multiple cell death mechanisms can induce pathological protein-cascades, but this can also be a reverse process. This holds true for the early phases of the disease process and especially for the progression of PD. In conclusion, while rare SNCA gene mutations are causal for a minority of familial PD patients, in sporadic PD (where common SNCA polymorphisms are the most consistent genetic risk factor across populations worldwide, accounting for 95% of PD patients) α-syn pathology is an important feature. Conversely, with regard to the etiopathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies PD, MSA and LBD, α-syn is rather a bystander contributing to multiple neurodegenerative processes, which overlap in their composition and individual strength. Therapeutic developments aiming to impact on α-syn pathology should take this fact into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Riederer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of South Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, UKHS, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fubo Cheng
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Dresel
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Neuroimaging Center Mainz, Clinical Neurophysiology, Forschungszentrum Translationale Neurowissenschaften (FTN), Rhein-Main-Neuronetz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Rejko Krüger
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, LCSB (Luxembourg Centre for Systems, Biomedicine), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette and Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,National Center for Excellence in Research, Parkinson's disease (NCER-PD), Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, Alexianer St. Joseph Berlin-Weißensee, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olaf Rieß
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabrina Strobel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department Kopfkliniken, Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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216
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Ella H, Reiss Y, Ravid T. The Hunt for Degrons of the 26S Proteasome. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060230. [PMID: 31200568 PMCID: PMC6628059 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of ubiquitin conjugation as a cellular mechanism that triggers proteasomal degradation, the mode of substrate recognition by the ubiquitin-ligation system has been the holy grail of research in the field. This entails the discovery of recognition determinants within protein substrates, which are part of a degron, and explicit E3 ubiquitin (Ub)-protein ligases that trigger their degradation. Indeed, many protein substrates and their cognate E3′s have been discovered in the past 40 years. In the course of these studies, various degrons have been randomly identified, most of which are acquired through post-translational modification, typically, but not exclusively, protein phosphorylation. Nevertheless, acquired degrons cannot account for the vast diversity in cellular protein half-life times. Obviously, regulation of the proteome is largely determined by inherent degrons, that is, determinants integral to the protein structure. Inherent degrons are difficult to predict since they consist of diverse sequence and secondary structure features. Therefore, unbiased methods have been employed for their discovery. This review describes the history of degron discovery methods, including the development of high throughput screening methods, state of the art data acquisition and data analysis. Additionally, it summarizes major discoveries that led to the identification of cognate E3 ligases and hitherto unrecognized complexities of degron function. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and what still needs to be accomplished towards achieving the goal of understanding how the eukaryotic proteome is regulated via coordinated action of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Ella
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Yuval Reiss
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Tommer Ravid
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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217
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Tomita T, Matouschek A. Substrate selection by the proteasome through initiation regions. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1222-1232. [PMID: 31074920 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins in the cell have to be eliminated once their function is no longer desired or they become damaged. Most regulated protein degradation is achieved by a large enzymatic complex called the proteasome. Many proteasome substrates are targeted for degradation by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules. Ubiquitinated proteins can be bound by the proteasome, but for proteolysis to occur the proteasome needs to find a disordered tail somewhere in the target at which it initiates degradation. The initiation step contributes to the specificity of proteasomal degradation. Here, we review how the proteasome selects initiation sites within its substrates and discuss how the initiation step affects physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tomita
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Andreas Matouschek
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
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218
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Olzscha H. Posttranslational modifications and proteinopathies: how guardians of the proteome are defeated. Biol Chem 2019; 400:895-915. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Protein folding is one of the fundamental processes in life and therefore needs to be tightly regulated. Many cellular quality control systems are in place to ensure that proteostasis is optimally adjusted for a changing environment, facilitating protein folding, translocation and degradation. These systems include the molecular chaperones and the major protein degradation systems, namely the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy. However, the capacity of the quality control systems can be exhausted and protein misfolding and aggregation, including the formation of amyloids, can occur as a result of ageing, mutations or exogenous influences. There are many known diseases in which protein misfolding and aggregation can be the underlying cause of the pathological condition; these are referred to as proteinopathies. Over the last decade, it has become clear that posttranslational modifications can govern and modulate protein folding, and that aberrant posttranslational modifications can cause or contribute to proteinopathies. This review provides an overview of protein folding and misfolding and the role of the major protein quality control systems. It focusses on different posttranslational modifications and gives examples of how these posttranslational modifications can alter protein folding and cause or accompany proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Olzscha
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie , Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Hollystr. 1 , D-06114 Halle/Saale , Germany
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219
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Panza F, Imbimbo BP, Lozupone M, Greco A, Seripa D, Logroscino G, Daniele A, Colosimo C. Disease-modifying therapies for tauopathies: agents in the pipeline. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:397-408. [PMID: 30973276 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1606715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tauopathies are heterogeneous clinicopathological entities characterized by abnormal neuronal and/or glial inclusions of the microtubule-binding protein tau. Primary tauopathies considered to be diseases correspond to a major class of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) neuropathology (FTLD-Tau), including several forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) clinical syndromes. Little progress has been made in the past 20 years in developing effective disease-modifying drugs for primary tauopathies and available symptomatic treatments have limited efficacy. Areas covered: Potential disease-modifying drugs in clinical development to slow neuropathological progression of primary tauopathies. Expert opinion: Since the underlying pathology of primary tauopathies consists of abnormal tau protein aggregates, treatments are being developed to interfere with the aggregation process or to promote the clearance of this protein. Unfortunately, disease-modifying treatments remain years away as demonstrated by the recent negative Phase III findings of a tau aggregation inhibitor (LMTM) for treating the behavioral variant of FTD. Further evidence will come from ongoing Phase I/II trials on novel drugs and immunotherapeutics with various targets - prevention of deposition or removal of tau aggregates, inhibition of tau phosphorylation/acetylation, modulation of O-GlcNAcylation, activation of autophagy or ubiquitin-proteasome system pathways, and rescue of selected tau loss of function or suppression of tau gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain , University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Lecce , Italy.,c Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS , "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- d Department of Research and Development , Chiesi Farmaceutici , Parma , Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- c Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS , "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- c Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS , "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain , University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Lecce , Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- e Institute of Neurology , Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,f Institute of Neurology , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Carlo Colosimo
- g Department of Neurological Sciences , Santa Maria University Hospital , Terni , Italy
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220
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Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) degrades individual proteins in a highly regulated fashion and is responsible for the degradation of misfolded, damaged, or unneeded cellular proteins. During the past 20 years, investigators have established a critical role for the UPS in essentially every cellular process, including cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, genome integrity, apoptosis, immune responses, and neuronal plasticity. At the center of the UPS is the proteasome, a large and complex molecular machine containing a multicatalytic protease complex. When the efficiency of this proteostasis system is perturbed, misfolded and damaged protein aggregates can accumulate to toxic levels and cause neuronal dysfunction, which may underlie many neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, many cancers rely on robust proteasome activity for degrading tumor suppressors and cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors necessary for rapid cell division. Thus, proteasome inhibitors have proven clinically useful to treat some types of cancer, especially multiple myeloma. Numerous cellular processes rely on finely tuned proteasome function, making it a crucial target for future therapeutic intervention in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cystic fibrosis, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of the proteasome, the mechanisms of action of different proteasome inhibitors, various techniques to evaluate proteasome function in vitro and in vivo, proteasome inhibitors in preclinical and clinical development, and the feasibility for pharmacological activation of the proteasome to potentially treat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Thibaudeau
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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221
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Joshi V, Mishra R, Upadhyay A, Amanullah A, Poluri KM, Singh S, Kumar A, Mishra A. Polyphenolic flavonoid (Myricetin) upregulated proteasomal degradation mechanisms: Eliminates neurodegenerative proteins aggregation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20900-20914. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - Ayeman Amanullah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | | | - Sarika Singh
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
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222
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Lehrbach NJ, Ruvkun G. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated SKN-1A/Nrf1 mediates a cytoplasmic unfolded protein response and promotes longevity. eLife 2019; 8:44425. [PMID: 30973820 PMCID: PMC6459674 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein responses (UPRs) safeguard cellular function during proteotoxic stress and aging. In a previous paper (Lehrbach and Ruvkun, 2016) we showed that the ER-associated SKN-1A/Nrf1 transcription factor activates proteasome subunit expression in response to proteasome dysfunction, but it was not established whether SKN-1A/Nrf1 adjusts proteasome capacity in response to other proteotoxic insults. Here, we reveal that misfolded endogenous proteins and the human amyloid beta peptide trigger activation of proteasome subunit expression by SKN-1A/Nrf1. SKN-1A activation is protective against age-dependent defects caused by accumulation of misfolded and aggregation-prone proteins. In a C. elegans Alzheimer’s disease model, SKN-1A/Nrf1 slows accumulation of the amyloid beta peptide and delays adult-onset cellular dysfunction. Our results indicate that SKN-1A surveys cellular protein folding and adjusts proteasome capacity to meet the demands of protein quality control pathways, revealing a new arm of the cytosolic UPR. This regulatory axis is critical for healthy aging and may be a target for therapeutic modulation of human aging and age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Lehrbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Gary Ruvkun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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223
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Trapani I. Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors as a Tool for Large Gene Delivery to the Retina. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040287. [PMID: 30970639 PMCID: PMC6523333 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors currently represents the most promising approach for the treatment of many inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), given AAV's ability to efficiently deliver therapeutic genes to both photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium, and their excellent safety and efficacy profiles in humans. However, one of the main obstacles to widespread AAV application is their limited packaging capacity, which precludes their use from the treatment of IRDs which are caused by mutations in genes whose coding sequence exceeds 5 kb. Therefore, in recent years, considerable effort has been made to identify strategies to increase the transfer capacity of AAV vectors. This review will discuss these new developed strategies, highlighting the advancements as well as the limitations that the field has still to overcome to finally expand the applicability of AAV vectors to IRDs due to mutations in large genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Trapani
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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224
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Yu A, Fox SG, Cavallini A, Kerridge C, O'Neill MJ, Wolak J, Bose S, Morimoto RI. Tau protein aggregates inhibit the protein-folding and vesicular trafficking arms of the cellular proteostasis network. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7917-7930. [PMID: 30936201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a diverse class of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the formation of insoluble tau aggregates and the loss of cellular function and neuronal death. Tau inclusions have been shown to contain a number of proteins, including molecular chaperones, but the consequences of these entrapments are not well established. Here, using a human cell system for seeding-dependent tau aggregation, we demonstrate that the molecular chaperones heat-shock cognate 71-kDa protein (HSC70)/heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP90, and J-domain co-chaperones are sequestered by tau aggregates. By employing single-cell analysis of protein-folding and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, we show that both chaperone-dependent cellular activities are significantly impaired by tau aggregation and can be reversed by treatment with small-molecule regulators of heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) proteostasis that induce the expression of cytosolic chaperones. These results reveal that the sequestration of cytoplasmic molecular chaperones by tau aggregates interferes with two arms of the proteostasis network, likely having profound negative consequences for cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yu
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 and
| | - Susan G Fox
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 and
| | - Annalisa Cavallini
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Kerridge
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O'Neill
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Wolak
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Suchira Bose
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 and
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225
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Jung KH, Kim SF, Liu Y, Zhang X. A Fluorogenic
AggTag
Method Based on Halo‐ and SNAP‐Tags to Simultaneously Detect Aggregation of Two Proteins in Live Cells. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1078-1087. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Ho Jung
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Sojung F. Kim
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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226
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Loeffler DA. Influence of Normal Aging on Brain Autophagy: A Complex Scenario. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:49. [PMID: 30914945 PMCID: PMC6421305 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins are pathological findings in some chronic neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Aging is a major risk factor for these disorders, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for clearing misfolded proteins from the brain, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, may decline with age. Although autophagic mechanisms have been found to decrease with age in many experimental models, whether they do so in the brain is unclear. This review examines the literature with regard to age-associated changes in macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in the central nervous system (CNS). Beclin 1, LC3-II, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio have frequently been used to examine changes in macroautophagic activity, while lamp2a and HSPA8 (also known as hsc70) have been used to measure CMA activity. Three gene expression analyses found evidence for an age-related downregulation of macroautophagy in human brain, but no published studies were found of age-related changes in CMA in human brain, although cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of HSPA8 were reported to decrease with age. Most studies of age-related changes in brain autophagy in experimental animals have found age-related declines in macroautophagy, and macroautophagy is necessary for normal lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mice. However, the few studies of age-related changes in brain CMA in experimental animals have produced conflicting results. Investigations of the influence of aging on macroautophagy in experimental animals in systems other than the CNS have generally found an age-related decrease in Beclin 1, but conflicting results for LC3-II and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, while CMA decreases with age in most models. CONCLUSION: while indirect evidence suggests that brain autophagy may decrease with normal aging, this issue has not been investigated sufficiently, particularly in human brain. Measuring autophagic activity in the brain can be challenging because of differences in basal autophagic activity between experimental models, and the inability to include lysosomal inhibitors when measuring the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in postmortem specimens. If autophagy does decrease in the brain with aging, then pharmacological interventions and/or lifestyle alterations to slow this decline could reduce the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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227
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Rodriguez-Fernandez IA, Qi Y, Jasper H. Loss of a proteostatic checkpoint in intestinal stem cells contributes to age-related epithelial dysfunction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1050. [PMID: 30837466 PMCID: PMC6401111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in protein homeostasis (proteostasis) has been proposed as a hallmark of aging. Somatic stem cells (SCs) uniquely maintain their proteostatic capacity through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Here, we describe and characterize a ‘proteostatic checkpoint’ in Drosophila intestinal SCs (ISCs). Following a breakdown of proteostasis, ISCs coordinate cell cycle arrest with protein aggregate clearance by Atg8-mediated activation of the Nrf2-like transcription factor cap-n-collar C (CncC). CncC induces the cell cycle inhibitor Dacapo and proteolytic genes. The capacity to engage this checkpoint is lost in ISCs from aging flies, and we show that it can be restored by treating flies with an Nrf2 activator, or by over-expression of CncC or Atg8a. This limits age-related intestinal barrier dysfunction and can result in lifespan extension. Our findings identify a new mechanism by which somatic SCs preserve proteostasis, and highlight potential intervention strategies to maintain regenerative homeostasis. Protein homeostasis maintenance (proteostasis) is critical for cell function, but declines during aging. Here the authors detail a proteostatic checkpoint in Drosophila intestinal stem cells coordinating cell cycle arrest with protein aggregate clearance, along with its role in aging related intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imilce A Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA.,Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA. .,Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, 07745, Germany.
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228
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Xu S, Sui S, Zhang X, Pang B, Wan L, Pang D. Modulation of autophagy in human diseases strategies to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1953-1999. [PMID: 30820989 DOI: 10.1002/med.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is central to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis across species. Accordingly, autophagy disorders are linked to a variety of diseases from the embryonic stage until death, and the role of autophagy as a therapeutic target has been widely recognized. However, autophagy-associated therapy for human diseases is still in its infancy and is supported by limited evidence. In this review, we summarize the landscape of autophagy-associated diseases and current autophagy modulators. Furthermore, we investigate the existing autophagy-associated clinical trials, analyze the obstacles that limit their progress, offer tactics that may allow barriers to be overcome along the way and then discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shiyao Sui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Boran Pang
- Department of Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasm, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjcontrary, induction of autophagy elongiang, China
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229
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Lane RM, Smith A, Baumann T, Gleichmann M, Norris D, Bennett CF, Kordasiewicz H. Translating Antisense Technology into a Treatment for Huntington's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1780:497-523. [PMID: 29856033 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7825-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology and genetics have been used to elucidate the fundamental genetic mechanisms underlying central nervous system (CNS) diseases, yet disease-modifying therapies are currently unavailable for most CNS conditions. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are synthetic single stranded chains of nucleic acids that bind to a specific sequence on ribonucleic acid (RNA) and regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Decreased gene expression with ASOs might be able to reduce production of the disease-causing protein underlying dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders. Huntington's disease (HD), which is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene and leads to the pathogenic expansion of a polyglutamine (PolyQ ) tract in the N terminus of the huntingtin protein (Htt), is a prime candidate for ASO therapy.State-of-the art translational science techniques can be applied to the development of an ASO targeting HTT RNA, allowing for a data-driven, stepwise progression through the drug development process. A deep and wide-ranging understanding of the basic, preclinical, clinical, and epidemiologic components of drug development will improve the likelihood of success. This includes characterizing the natural history of the disease, including evolution of biomarkers indexing the underlying pathology; using predictive preclinical models to assess the putative gain-of-function of mutant Htt protein and any loss-of-function of the wild-type protein; characterizing toxicokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of ASOs in predictive animal models; developing sensitive and reliable biomarkers to monitor target engagement and effects on pathology that translate from animal models to patients with HD; establishing a drug delivery method that ensures reliable distribution to relevant CNS tissue; and designing clinical trials that move expeditiously from proof of concept to proof of efficacy. This review focuses on the translational science techniques that allow for efficient and informed development of an ASO for the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Smith
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dan Norris
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
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230
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Kominami Y, Hayashi T, Tokihiro T, Ushio H. A Novel Analysis of the Peptide Terminome Characterizes Dynamics of Proteolytic Regulation in Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle Under Severe Stress. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7010006. [PMID: 30781840 PMCID: PMC6473766 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy cells, proteolysis is orderly executed to maintain basal homeostasis and normal physiology. Dyscontrol in proteolysis under severe stress condition induces cell death, but the dynamics of proteolytic regulation towards the critical phase remain unclear. Teleosts have been suggested an alternative model for the study of proteolysis under severe stress. In this study, horse mackerel (Trachurus
japonicus) was used and exacerbated under severe stress conditions due to air exposure. Although the complete genome for T. japonicus is not available, a transcriptomic analysis was performed to construct a reference protein database, and the expression of 72 proteases were confirmed. Quantitative peptidomic analysis revealed that proteins related to glycolysis and muscle contraction systems were highly cleaved into peptides immediately under the severe stress. Novel analysis of the peptide terminome using a multiple linear regression model demonstrated profiles of proteolysis under severe stress. The results indicated a phase transition towards dyscontrol in proteolysis in T. japonicus skeletal muscle during air exposure. Our novel approach will aid in investigating the dynamics of proteolytic regulation in skeletal muscle of non-model vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kominami
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8914, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Tokihiro
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8914, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ushio
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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231
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Feleciano DR, Juenemann K, Iburg M, Brás IC, Holmberg CI, Kirstein J. Crosstalk Between Chaperone-Mediated Protein Disaggregation and Proteolytic Pathways in Aging and Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:9. [PMID: 30760997 PMCID: PMC6361847 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional protein quality control machinery is crucial to maintain cellular and organismal physiology. Perturbation in the protein homeostasis network can lead to the formation of misfolded and aggregated proteins that are a hallmark of protein conformational disorders and aging. Protein aggregation is counteracted by the action of chaperones that can resolubilize aggregated proteins. An alternative protein aggregation clearance strategy is the elimination by proteolysis employing the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) or autophagy. Little is known how these three protein aggregate clearance strategies are regulated and coordinated in an organism with the progression of aging or upon expression of disease-associated proteins. To unravel the crosstalk between the protein aggregate clearance options, we investigated how autophagy and the UPS respond to perturbations in protein disaggregation capacity. We found that autophagy is induced as a potential compensatory mechanism, whereas the UPS exhibits reduced capacity upon depletion of disaggregating chaperones in C. elegans and HEK293 cells. The expression of amyloid proteins Aβ3-42 and Q40 result in an impairment of autophagy as well as the UPS within the same and even across tissues. Our data indicate a tight coordination between the different nodes of the proteostasis network (PN) with the progression of aging and upon imbalances of the capacity of each clearance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo R Feleciano
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Juenemann
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Iburg
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inês C Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carina I Holmberg
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, and Medicum, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janine Kirstein
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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232
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van Wijk SJ, Fulda S, Dikic I, Heilemann M. Visualizing ubiquitination in mammalian cells. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846520. [PMID: 30665942 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent modification of proteins with ubiquitin is essential for the majority of biological processes in mammalian cells. Numerous proteins are conjugated with single or multiple ubiquitin molecules or chains in a dynamic fashion, often determining protein half-lives, localization or function. Experimental approaches to study ubiquitination have been dominated by genetic and biochemical analysis of enzyme structure-function relationships, reaction mechanisms and physiological relevance. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in microscopy-based imaging of ubiquitination, available reagents and technologies. We discuss the progress in direct and indirect imaging of differentially linked ubiquitin chains in fixed and living cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution microscopy, illustrated by the role of ubiquitin in antibacterial autophagy and pro-inflammatory signalling. Finally, we speculate on future developments and forecast a transition from qualitative to quantitative super-resolution approaches to understand fundamental aspects of ubiquitination and the formation and distribution of functional E3 ligase protein complexes in their native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Jl van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University - Medical Faculty, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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233
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Paonessa F, Evans LD, Solanki R, Larrieu D, Wray S, Hardy J, Jackson SP, Livesey FJ. Microtubules Deform the Nuclear Membrane and Disrupt Nucleocytoplasmic Transport in Tau-Mediated Frontotemporal Dementia. Cell Rep 2019; 26:582-593.e5. [PMID: 30650353 PMCID: PMC6335264 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau, MAPT, is central to the pathogenesis of many dementias. Autosomal-dominant mutations in MAPT cause inherited frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Using human stem cell models of FTD due to MAPT mutations, we find that tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and mislocalizes to cell bodies and dendrites in cortical neurons, recapitulating a key early event in FTD. Mislocalized tau in the cell body leads to abnormal microtubule movements in FTD-MAPT neurons that grossly deform the nuclear membrane. This results in defective nucleocytoplasmic transport, which is corrected by microtubule depolymerization. Neurons in the post-mortem human FTD-MAPT cortex have a high incidence of nuclear invaginations, indicating that tau-mediated nuclear membrane dysfunction is an important pathogenic process in FTD. Defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport in FTD point to important commonalities in the pathogenic mechanisms of tau-mediated dementias and ALS-FTD due to TDP-43 and C9orf72 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paonessa
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Alzheimer's Research UK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Lewis D Evans
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Alzheimer's Research UK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Ravi Solanki
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Alzheimer's Research UK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Delphine Larrieu
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Frederick J Livesey
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Alzheimer's Research UK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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234
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Non-enzymatic cleavage of Hsp90 by oxidative stress leads to actin aggregate formation: A novel gain-of-function mechanism. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101108. [PMID: 30660959 PMCID: PMC6348241 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the accumulation of oxidized proteins. To remove them, cells employ the proteasomal and autophagy-lysosomal systems; however, if the clearance rate is inferior to its formation, protein aggregates form as a hallmark of proteostasis loss. In cells, during stress conditions, actin aggregates accumulate leading to impaired proliferation and reduced proteasomal activity, as observed in cellular senescence. The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that binds and protects the proteasome from oxidative inactivation. We hypothesized that in oxidative stress conditions a malfunction of Hsp90 occurs resulting in the aforementioned protein aggregates. Here, we demonstrate that upon oxidative stress Hsp90 loses its function in a highly specific non-enzymatic iron-catalyzed oxidation event and its breakdown product, a cleaved form of Hsp90 (Hsp90cl), acquires a new function in mediating the accumulation of actin aggregates. Moreover, the prevention of Hsp90 cleavage reduces oxidized actin accumulation, whereas transfection of the cleaved form of Hsp90 leads to an enhanced accumulation of oxidized actin. This indicates a clear role of the Hsp90cl in the aggregation of oxidized proteins.
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235
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Chen IC, Chang CN, Chen WL, Lin TH, Chao CY, Lin CH, Lin HY, Cheng ML, Chiang MC, Lin JY, Wu YR, Lee-Chen GJ, Chen CM. Targeting Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway with Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:63-95. [PMID: 30612452 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nine autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats that encodes a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within different genes. Accumulation of aggregated mutant proteins is a common feature of polyQ diseases, leading to progressive neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. SCA type 3 (SCA3), the most common form of SCA worldwide, is characterized by a CAG triplet expansion in chromosome 14q32.1 ATXN3 gene. As accumulation of the mutated polyQ protein is a possible initial event in the pathogenic cascade, clearance of aggregated protein by ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been proposed to inhibit downstream detrimental events and suppress neuronal cell death. In this study, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) extracts were studied for their proteasome-activating, polyQ aggregation-inhibitory and neuroprotective effects in GFPu and ATXN3/Q 75 -GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cells. Among the 14 tested extracts, 8 displayed increased proteasome activity, which was confirmed by 20S proteasome activity assay and analysis of ubiquitinated and fused GFP proteins in GFPu cells. All the eight extracts displayed good aggregation-inhibitory potential when tested in ATXN3/Q 75 -GFP 293 cells. Among them, neuroprotective effects of five selected extracts were shown by analyses of polyQ aggregation, neurite outgrowth, caspase 3 and proteasome activities, and ATXN3-GFP, ubiquitin, BCL2 and BAX protein levels in neuronal differentiated ATXN3/Q 75 -GFP SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, enhanced proteasome function, anti-oxidative activity and neuroprotection of catalpol, puerarin and daidzein (active constituents of Rehmannia glutinosa and Pueraria lobata) were demonstrated in GFPu and/or ATXN3/Q 75 -GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cells. This study may have therapeutic implication in polyQ-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Chen
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Chang
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chao
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Lin
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- ‡ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, TaoYuan 33302, Taiwan
| | | | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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236
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Wells C, Brennan SE, Keon M, Saksena NK. Prionoid Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:271. [PMID: 31780895 PMCID: PMC6861308 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that prionoid protein behaviors are a core element of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that afflict humans. Common elements in pathogenesis, pathological effects and protein-level behaviors exist between Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These extend beyond the affected neurons to glial cells and processes. This results in a complicated system of disease progression, which often takes advantage of protective processes to promote the propagation of pathological protein aggregates. This review article provides a current snapshot of knowledge on these proteins and their intrinsic role in the pathogenesis and disease progression seen across NDs.
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237
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Genome-wide CRISPR Analysis Identifies Substrate-Specific Conjugation Modules in ER-Associated Degradation. Mol Cell 2018; 73:377-389.e11. [PMID: 30581143 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) maintains the integrity of the proteome by selectively degrading misfolded or mis-assembled proteins, but the rules that govern how conformationally defective proteins in the secretory pathway are selected from the structurally and topologically diverse constellation of correctly folded membrane and secretory proteins for efficient degradation by cytosolic proteasomes is not well understood. Here, we combine parallel pooled genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 forward genetic screening with a highly quantitative and sensitive protein turnover assay to discover a previously undescribed collaboration between membrane-embedded cytoplasmic ubiquitin E3 ligases to conjugate heterotypic branched or mixed ubiquitin (Ub) chains on substrates of endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). These findings demonstrate that parallel CRISPR analysis can be used to deconvolve highly complex cell biological processes and identify new biochemical pathways in protein quality control.
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238
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Li X, Huang Q, Long H, Zhang P, Su H, Liu J. A new gold(I) complex-Au(PPh 3)PT is a deubiquitinase inhibitor and inhibits tumor growth. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:159-172. [PMID: 30527624 PMCID: PMC6354570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is integral to cell survival by maintaining protein homeostasis, and its dysfunction has been linked to cancer and several other human diseases. Through counteracting ubiquitination, deubiquitinases (DUBs) can either positively or negatively regulate UPS function, thereby representing attractive targets of cancer therapies. Previous studies have shown that metal complexes can inhibit tumor growth through targeting the UPS; however, novel metal complexes with higher specificity for cancer therapy are still lacking. Methods We synthesized a new gold(I) complex, Au(PPh3)PT. The inhibitory activity of Au(PPh3)PT on the UPS and the growth of multiple cancer cell types were tested in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Furthermore, we compared the efficacy of Au(PPh3)PT with other metal compounds in inhibition of UPS function and tumor growth. Findings Here we report that (i) a new gold(I) complex-pyrithione, i.e., Au(PPh3)PT, induced apoptosis in two lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H1299; (ii) Au(PPh3)PT severely impaired UPS proteolytic function; (iii) Au(PPh3)PT selectively inhibited 19S proteasome-associated DUBs (UCHL5 and USP14) and other non-proteasomal DUBs with minimal effects on the function of 20S proteasome; (iv) Au(PPh3)PT induced apoptosis in cancer cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients; (v) Au(PPh3)PT effectively suppressed the growth of lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice; and (vi) Au (PPh3)PT elicited less cytotoxicity in normal cells than several other metal compounds. Interpretation Together, this study discovers a new gold(I) complex to be an effective inhibitor of the DUBs and a potential anti-cancer drug. Fund The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China, the project of Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation, the projects from Foundation for Higher Education of Guangdong, the project from Guangzhou Medical University for Doctor Scientists, the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, and the Guangzhou Key Medical Discipline Construction Project Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China; Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingtian Huang
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huidan Long
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huabo Su
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China; Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China; Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.
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239
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Kopp BT, Joseloff E, Goetz D, Ingram B, Heltshe SL, Leung DH, Ramsey BW, McCoy K, Borowitz D. Urinary metabolomics reveals unique metabolic signatures in infants with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:507-515. [PMID: 30477895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic pathways and metabolic mechanisms underpinning early systemic disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) are poorly understood. The Baby Observational and Nutrition Study (BONUS) was a prospective multi-center study of infants with CF with a primary aim to examine the current state of nutrition in the first year of life. Its secondary aim was to prospectively explore concurrent nutritional, metabolic, respiratory, infectious, and inflammatory characteristics associated with early CF anthropometric measurements. We report here metabolomics differences within the urine of these infants as compared to infants without CF. METHODS Urine metabolomics was performed for 85 infants with predefined clinical phenotypes at approximately one year of age enrolled in BONUS via Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS). Samples were stratified by disease status (non-CF controls (n = 22); CF (n = 63, All-CF)) and CF clinical phenotype: respiratory hospitalization (CF Resp, n = 22), low length (CF LL, n = 23), and low weight (CF LW, n = 15). RESULTS Global urine metabolomics profiles in CF were heterogeneous, however there were distinct metabolic differences between the CF and non-CF groups. Top pathways altered in CF included tRNA charging and methionine degradation. ADCYAP1 and huntingtin were identified as predicted unique regulators of altered metabolic pathways in CF compared to non-CF. Infants with CF displayed alterations in metabolites associated with bile acid homeostasis, pentose sugars, and vitamins. CONCLUSIONS Predicted metabolic pathways and regulators were identified in CF infants compared to non-CF, but metabolic profiles were unable to discriminate between CF phenotypes. Targeted metabolomics provides an opportunity for further understanding of early CF disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION United States ClinicalTrials.Gov registry NCT01424696 (clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Kopp
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - E Joseloff
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Goetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - S L Heltshe
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D H Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B W Ramsey
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K McCoy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Borowitz
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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240
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Tao YX, Conn PM. Pharmacoperones as Novel Therapeutics for Diverse Protein Conformational Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:697-725. [PMID: 29442594 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After synthesis, proteins are folded into their native conformations aided by molecular chaperones. Dysfunction in folding caused by genetic mutations in numerous genes causes protein conformational diseases. Membrane proteins are more prone to misfolding due to their more intricate folding than soluble proteins. Misfolded proteins are detected by the cellular quality control systems, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum, and proteins may be retained there for eventual degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or through autophagy. Some misfolded proteins aggregate, leading to pathologies in numerous neurological diseases. In vitro, modulating mutant protein folding by altering molecular chaperone expression can ameliorate some misfolding. Some small molecules known as chemical chaperones also correct mutant protein misfolding in vitro and in vivo. However, due to their lack of specificity, their potential as therapeutics is limited. Another class of compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones (pharmacoperones), binds with high specificity to misfolded proteins, either as enzyme substrates or receptor ligands, leading to decreased folding energy barriers and correction of the misfolding. Because many of the misfolded proteins are misrouted but do not have defects in function per se, pharmacoperones have promising potential in advancing to the clinic as therapeutics, since correcting routing may ameliorate the underlying mechanism of disease. This review will comprehensively summarize this exciting area of research, surveying the literature from in vitro studies in cell lines to transgenic animal models and clinical trials in several protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
| | - P Michael Conn
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
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241
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Zhao W, Bachhav B, McWhite C, Segatori L. A yeast selection system for the detection of proteasomal activation. Protein Eng Des Sel 2018; 31:437-445. [PMID: 30989230 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a complex cellular machinery that catalyzes degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins and regulates turnover of native proteins in eukaryotic cells, thus playing a crucial role in maintaining protein homeostasis. The UPS has emerged as a drug target for a diverse range of diseases characterized by accumulation of misfolded or aggregated proteins. While enhancement of UPS activity is widely recognized as a promising strategy to prevent accumulation of aberrant, off-pathway protein conformations and ameliorate the phenotypes of a wide range of protein misfolding diseases, the molecular mechanisms underlying activation of proteasomal degradation are poorly characterized. We report the development of a yeast selection platform for genome-wide selection of UPS activators. We engineered the Saccharomyces cerevisiae selection marker orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (URA3) to function as a substrate of proteasomal degradation through fusion to UPS-sensitive tags. The resulting UPS-sensitive URA3 variant links UPS activity to cell growth. The yeast selection platform reported in this study will open the way to high-throughput, genome-wide studies aimed at identifying modulators of UPS function that might provide novel target for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston TX, USA
| | - Bhagyashree Bachhav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston TX, USA
| | - Claire McWhite
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston TX, USA
| | - Laura Segatori
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston TX, USA.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston TX, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston TX, USA
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242
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Ye Y. Regulation of protein homeostasis by unconventional protein secretion in mammalian cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 83:29-35. [PMID: 29549062 PMCID: PMC6151168 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of proteins lacking leader sequence was deemed rare and unconventional, only accountable for the export of a limited number of clients by mechanisms that are poorly defined. However, recent studies have shown that many leaderless proteins misfolded in the cytoplasm can be selectively exported to extracellular milieu via an unconventional secretory path termed Misfolding-Associated Protein Secretion (MAPS). This process uses the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a platform to enrich abnormally folded polypeptides, and then transport them into the lumen of ER-associated late endosomes for subsequent secretion. Elimination of misfolded proteins via MAPS appears to serve a role in protein homeostasis maintenance, particularly for stressed cells bearing an excess of protein quality control (PQC) burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
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243
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NEDDylation promotes nuclear protein aggregation and protects the Ubiquitin Proteasome System upon proteotoxic stress. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4376. [PMID: 30349034 PMCID: PMC6197266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial management of stress-induced protein aggregation is an integral part of the proteostasis network. Protein modification by the ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 increases upon proteotoxic stress and it is characterised by the formation of hybrid NEDD8/ubiquitin conjugates. However, the biological significance of this response is unclear. Combination of quantitative proteomics with biological analysis shows that, during proteotoxic stress, NEDDylation promotes nuclear protein aggregation, including ribosomal proteins as a major group. This correlates with protection of the nuclear Ubiquitin Proteasome System from stress-induced dysfunction. Correspondingly, we show that NEDD8 compromises ubiquitination and prevents targeting and processing of substrates by the proteasome. Moreover, we identify HUWE1 as a key E3-ligase that is specifically required for NEDDylation during proteotoxic stress. The study reveals a specific role for NEDD8 in nuclear protein aggregation upon stress and is consistent with the concept that transient aggregate formation is part of a defence mechanism against proteotoxicity. Protein NEDDylation increases upon proteotoxic stress but the function of this response remains to be elucidated. Here, the authors show that NEDDylation contributes to the cellular defence against proteotoxicity by promoting nuclear protein aggregation and protecting the ubiquitin proteasome system.
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244
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Abreha MH, Dammer EB, Ping L, Zhang T, Duong DM, Gearing M, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Seyfried NT. Quantitative Analysis of the Brain Ubiquitylome in Alzheimer's Disease. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800108. [PMID: 30230243 PMCID: PMC6283072 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are characterized by ubiquitin-positive pathological protein aggregates. Here, an immunoaffinity approach is utilized to enrich ubiquitylated isopeptides after trypsin digestion from five AD and five age-matched control postmortem brain tissues. Label-free MS-based proteomic analysis identifies 4291 unique ubiquitylation sites mapping to 1682 unique proteins. Differential enrichment analysis shows that over 800 ubiquitylation sites are significantly altered between AD and control cases. Of these, ≈80% are increased in AD, including seven poly ubiquitin linkages, which is consistent with proteolytic stress and high burden of ubiquitylated pathological aggregates in AD. The microtubule associated protein Tau, the core component of neurofibrillary tangles, has the highest number of increased sites of ubiquitylation per any protein in AD. Tau poly ubiquitylation from AD brain homogenates is confirmed by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation and by affinity capture using tandem ubiquitin binding entities. Co-modified peptides, with both ubiquitylation and phosphorylation sites, are also enriched in AD. Notably, many of the co-modified peptides mapped to Tau within KXGS motifs in the microtubule binding region suggesting that crosstalk between phosphorylation and ubiquitylation occurs on Tau in AD. Overall, these findings highlight the utility of MS to map ubiquitylated substrates in human brain and provides insight into mechanisms underlying pathological protein posttranslational modification in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Measho H. Abreha
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Eric B. Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - James J. Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Allan I. Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
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245
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Abstract
From bacteria to humans, ancient stress responses enable organisms to contend with damage to both the genome and the proteome. These pathways have long been viewed as fundamentally separate responses. Yet recent discoveries from multiple fields have revealed surprising links between the two. Many DNA-damaging agents also target proteins, and mutagenesis induced by DNA damage produces variant proteins that are prone to misfolding, degradation, and aggregation. Likewise, recent studies have observed pervasive engagement of a p53-mediated response, and other factors linked to maintenance of genomic integrity, in response to misfolded protein stress. Perhaps most remarkably, protein aggregation and self-assembly has now been observed in multiple proteins that regulate the DNA damage response. The importance of these connections is highlighted by disease models of both cancer and neurodegeneration, in which compromised DNA repair machinery leads to profound defects in protein quality control, and vice versa.
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246
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Li J, Zhang Y, Da Silva Sil Dos Santos B, Wang F, Ma Y, Perez C, Yang Y, Peng J, Cohen SM, Chou TF, Hilton ST, Deshaies RJ. Epidithiodiketopiperazines Inhibit Protein Degradation by Targeting Proteasome Deubiquitinase Rpn11. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1350-1358.e9. [PMID: 30146242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the major proteolytic machine for breaking down cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotes. Due to the lack of a suitable assay, it is difficult to measure routinely and quantitatively the breakdown of proteins by the 26S proteasome in vitro. In the present study, we developed an assay to monitor proteasome-mediated protein degradation. Using this assay, we discovered that epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETPs) blocked the degradation of our model substrate in vitro. Further characterization revealed that ETPs inhibited proteasome function by targeting the essential proteasomal deubiquitinase Rpn11 (POH1/PSMD14). ETPs also inhibited other JAMM (JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme) proteases such as Csn5 and AMSH. An improved ETP with fewer non-specific effects, SOP11, stabilized a subset of proteasome substrates in cells, induced the unfolded protein response, and led to cell death. SOP11 represents a class of Rpn11 inhibitor and provides an alternative route to develop proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Box 114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive MS 29-M-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Box 114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive MS 29-M-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | | | - Feng Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Yuyong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanling Yang
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Stephen T Hilton
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Raymond J Deshaies
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Box 114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 26335, USA; Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive MS 29-M-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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247
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Mo MS, Li GH, Sun CC, Huang SX, Wei L, Zhang LM, Zhou MM, Wu ZH, Guo WY, Yang XL, Chen CJ, Qu SG, He JX, Xu PY. Dopaminergic neurons show increased low-molecular-mass protein 7 activity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in vitro and in vivo. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:19. [PMID: 30128145 PMCID: PMC6097308 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) is increased in dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Low-molecular-mass protein 7 (β5i) is a proteolytic subunit of the immunoproteasome that regulates protein degradation and the MHC pathway in immune cells. Methods In this study, we investigated the role of β5i in DA neurons using a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model in vitro and vivo. Results We showed that 6-OHDA upregulated β5i expression in DA neurons in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition and downregulation of β5i induced the expression of glucose-regulated protein (Bip) and exacerbated 6-OHDA neurotoxicity in DA neurons. The inhibition of β5i further promoted the activation of Caspase 3-related pathways induced by 6-OHDA. β5i also activated transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) and promoted MHC-I expression on DA neurons. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggest that β5i is activated in DA neurons under 6-OHDA treatment and may play a neuroprotective role in PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-018-0125-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shu Mo
- 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Gui-Hua Li
- 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Cong-Cong Sun
- 2Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Shu-Xuan Huang
- 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Lei Wei
- 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- 3Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhou
- 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Wu
- 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Wen-Yuan Guo
- 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Xin-Ling Yang
- 4Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| | - Chao-Jun Chen
- Clinic Brain Center, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510800 Guangdong China
| | - Shao-Gang Qu
- 6Department of Blood Transfusion, Fifth Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900 Guangdong China
| | - Jian-Xing He
- 7Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Ping-Yi Xu
- 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China.,4Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, 830011 Xinjiang China
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248
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Kim EC, Zhang J, Pang W, Wang S, Lee KY, Cavaretta JP, Walters J, Procko E, Tsai NP, Chung HJ. Reduced axonal surface expression and phosphoinositide sensitivity in K v7 channels disrupts their function to inhibit neuronal excitability in Kcnq2 epileptic encephalopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:76-93. [PMID: 30008368 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Kv7/KCNQ channels are voltage-gated potassium channels composed of Kv7.2/KCNQ2 and Kv7.3/KCNQ3 subunits. Enriched at the axonal membrane, they potently suppress neuronal excitability. De novo and inherited dominant mutations in Kv7.2 cause early onset epileptic encephalopathy characterized by drug resistant seizures and profound psychomotor delay. However, their precise pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated selected epileptic encephalopathy causing mutations in calmodulin (CaM)-binding helices A and B of Kv7.2. We discovered that R333W, K526N, and R532W mutations located peripheral to CaM contact sites decreased axonal surface expression of heteromeric channels although only R333W mutation reduced CaM binding to Kv7.2. These mutations also altered gating modulation by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), revealing novel PIP2 binding residues. While these mutations disrupted Kv7 function to suppress excitability, hyperexcitability was observed in neurons expressing Kv7.2-R532W that displayed severe impairment in voltage-dependent activation. The M518 V mutation at the CaM contact site in helix B caused most defects in Kv7 channels by severely reducing their CaM binding, K+ currents, and axonal surface expression. Interestingly, the M518 V mutation induced ubiquitination and accelerated proteasome-dependent degradation of Kv7.2, whereas the presence of Kv7.3 blocked this degradation. Furthermore, expression of Kv7.2-M518V increased neuronal death. Together, our results demonstrate that epileptic encephalopathy mutations in helices A and B of Kv7.2 cause abnormal Kv7 expression and function by disrupting Kv7.2 binding to CaM and/or modulation by PIP2. We propose that such multiple Kv7 channel defects could exert more severe impacts on neuronal excitability and health, and thus serve as pathogenic mechanisms underlying Kcnq2 epileptic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung Chang Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weilun Pang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kwan Young Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John P Cavaretta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer Walters
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nien-Pei Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Liu Q, Sabirzhanova I, Yanda MK, Bergbower EAS, Boinot C, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. Rescue of CFTR NBD2 mutants N1303K and S1235R is influenced by the functioning of the autophagosome. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:582-594. [PMID: 29936070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The missing phenylalanine at position 508, located in nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), is the most common cystic fibrosis mutation. Severe disease-causing mutations also occur in NBD2. To provide information on potential therapeutic strategies for mutations in NBD2, we used a combination of biochemical, cell biological and electrophysiological approaches and newly created cell lines to study two disease-causing NBD2 mutants, N1303K and S1235R. We observed that neither was sensitive to E64, a cysteine protease inhibitor. However, further investigation showed that when treated with a combination of correctors, C4 + C18, both mutants also responded to E64. Further exploration to assess aggresome throughput using the autophagy regulator LC3 as a marker showed that, in the absence of correctors, N1303K showed a stalled throughput of LC3-II to the aggresome. The throughput became active again after treatment with the corrector combination C4 + C18. Confocal microscopic studies showed that the N1303K and S1235R mutant proteins both co-localized with LC3, but this co-localization was abolished by the corrector combination and, to a lesser extent, by VX-809. Both the corrector combination and VX-809 increased the CFTR chloride channel function of both mutants. We conclude that correctors have a dual effect, particularly on N1303K: they improve trafficking and function at the plasma membrane and reduce the association with autophagosomes. After treatment with correctors persistent degradation by the autophagosome may limit restoration of function. Thus, mutations in NBD2 of CFTR, in contrast to ΔF508-CFTR, may require additional personalized strategies to rescue them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangni Liu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Inna Sabirzhanova
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Murali K Yanda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily A S Bergbower
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clément Boinot
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William B Guggino
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Farrawell NE, Lambert-Smith I, Mitchell K, McKenna J, McAlary L, Ciryam P, Vine KL, Saunders DN, Yerbury JJ. SOD1 A4V aggregation alters ubiquitin homeostasis in a cell model of ALS. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.209122. [PMID: 29748379 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology is the accumulation of ubiquitylated protein inclusions within motor neurons. Recent studies suggest the sequestration of ubiquitin (Ub) into inclusions reduces the availability of free Ub, which is essential for cellular function and survival. However, the dynamics of the Ub landscape in ALS have not yet been described. Here, we show that Ub homeostasis is altered in a cell model of ALS induced by expressing mutant SOD1 (SOD1A4V). By monitoring the distribution of Ub in cells expressing SOD1A4V, we show that Ub is present at the earliest stages of SOD1A4V aggregation, and that cells containing SOD1A4V aggregates have greater ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction. Furthermore, SOD1A4V aggregation is associated with the redistribution of Ub and depletion of the free Ub pool. Ubiquitomics analysis indicates that expression of SOD1A4V is associated with a shift of Ub to a pool of supersaturated proteins, including those associated with oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism, corresponding with altered mitochondrial morphology and function. Taken together, these results suggest that misfolded SOD1 contributes to UPS dysfunction and that Ub homeostasis is an important target for monitoring pathological changes in ALS.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Farrawell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522
| | - Isabella Lambert-Smith
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522
| | - Kristen Mitchell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522
| | - Jessie McKenna
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia 2052
| | - Luke McAlary
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Prajwal Ciryam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
| | - Kara L Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522
| | - Darren N Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia 2052
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522 .,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia 2522
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