201
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Becher C, Gumm JM. The roles of inter- and intra-sexual selection in behavioral isolation between native and invasive pupfishes. Curr Zool 2018; 64:135-144. [PMID: 29492046 PMCID: PMC5809032 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Male-male competition and female mate choice may both play important roles in driving and maintaining reproductive isolation between species. When previously allopatric species come into secondary contact with each other due to introductions, they provide an opportunity to evaluate the identity and strength of reproductive isolating mechanisms. If reproductive isolation is not maintained, hybridization may occur. We examined how reproductive isolating mechanisms mediate hybridization between endemic populations of the Red River pupfish Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis and the recently introduced sheepshead minnow C. variegatus. In lab-based dominance trials, males of both species won the same number of competitions. However, male C. rubrofluviatilis that won competitions were more aggressive than C. variegatus winners, and more aggression was needed to win against competitor C. variagatus than allopatric C. rubrofluviatilis. Duration of fights also differed based on the relatedness of the competitor. In dichotomous mate choice trials, there were no conspecific or heterospecific preferences expressed by females of either species. Our findings that male-male aggression differs between closely and distantly related groups, but female choice does not suggest that male-male competition may be the more likely mechanism to impede gene flow in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Becher
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA and.,Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jennifer M Gumm
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA and
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202
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Yukilevich R, Maroja LS, Nguyen K, Hussain S, Kumaran P. Rapid sexual and genomic isolation in sympatric Drosophila without reproductive character displacement. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2852-2867. [PMID: 29531700 PMCID: PMC5838044 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of sexual isolation in sympatry has long been associated with reinforcement (i.e., selection to avoid maladaptive hybridization). However, there are many species pairs in sympatry that have evolved rapid sexual isolation without known costs to hybridization. A major unresolved question is what evolutionary processes are involved in driving rapid speciation in such cases. Here, we focus on one such system; the Drosophila athabasca species complex, which is composed of three partially sympatric and interfertile semispecies: WN, EA, and EB. To study speciation in this species complex, we assayed sexual and genomic isolation within and between these semispecies in both sympatric and allopatric populations. First, we found no evidence of reproductive character displacement (RCD) in sympatric zones compared to distant allopatry. Instead, semispecies were virtually completely sexually isolated from each other across their entire ranges. Moreover, using spatial approaches and coalescent demographic simulations, we detected either zero or only weak heterospecific gene flow in sympatry. In contrast, within each semispecies we found only random mating and little population genetic structure, except between highly geographically distant populations. Finally, we determined that speciation in this system is at least an order of magnitude older than previously assumed, with WN diverging first, around 200K years ago, and EA and EB diverging 100K years ago. In total, these results suggest that these semispecies should be given full species status and we adopt new nomenclature: WN-D. athabasca, EA-D. mahican, and EB-D. lenape. While the lack of RCD in sympatry and interfertility do not support reinforcement, we discuss what additional evidence is needed to further decipher the mechanisms that caused rapid speciation in this species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim Nguyen
- Department of BiologyUnion CollegeSchenectadyNYUSA
| | - Syed Hussain
- Department of BiologyUnion CollegeSchenectadyNYUSA
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203
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Ghenu AH, Blanckaert A, Butlin RK, Kulmuni J, Bank C. Conflict between heterozygote advantage and hybrid incompatibility in haplodiploids (and sex chromosomes). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3935-3949. [PMID: 29328538 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In many diploid species, the sex chromosomes play a special role in mediating reproductive isolation. In haplodiploids, where females are diploid and males haploid, the whole genome behaves similarly to the X/Z chromosomes of diploids. Therefore, haplodiploid systems can serve as a model for the role of sex chromosomes in speciation and hybridization. A previously described population of Finnish Formica wood ants displays genome-wide signs of ploidally and sexually antagonistic selection resulting from hybridization. Here, hybrid females have increased survivorship but hybrid males are inviable. To understand how the unusual hybrid population may be maintained, we developed a mathematical model with hybrid incompatibility, female heterozygote advantage, recombination and assortative mating. The rugged fitness landscape resulting from the co-occurrence of heterozygote advantage and hybrid incompatibility results in a sexual conflict in haplodiploids, which is caused by the ploidy difference. Thus, whereas heterozygote advantage always promotes long-term polymorphism in diploids, we find various outcomes in haplodiploids in which the population stabilizes either in favour of males, females or via maximizing the number of introgressed individuals. We discuss these outcomes with respect to the potential long-term fate of the Finnish wood ant population and provide approximations for the extension of the model to multiple incompatibilities. Moreover, we highlight the general implications of our results for speciation and hybridization in haplodiploids versus diploids and how the described fitness relationships could contribute to the outstanding role of sex chromosomes as hotspots of sexual antagonism and genes involved in speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonna Kulmuni
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Bank
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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204
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Palraju M, Paulchamy R, Sundaram J. Population genetic structure and molecular diversity of Leucinodes orbonalis based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2018; 29:1231-1239. [PMID: 29421947 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1436169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leucinodes orbonalis is a destructive pest found throughout eggplant cultivating fields of Tamil Nadu, India. The genetic diversity and its population structure were investigated in this pest using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences from 20 populations of L. orbonalis collected from various agro-climatic conditions. The study indicated almost no genetic diversity among various populations. The COI nucleotide sequence based haplotype analysis also revealed no significant genetic variation among various populations. However, haplotype network analysis with three clades was nearly matching with the structure of phylogenetic analysis that showed geographical separations induced distribution of some genetic variation. The PCA and nMDS Shephard's plot analyses were also illustrated that the populations sampled were nearly matched with phylogenetic tree and haplotype network. This study on phylogeographical structure using the mitochondrial COI sequence diversity of L. orbonalis therefore suggested presence of few genetically distinct populations due to some specific habitat requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Palraju
- a Department of Zoology, Unit of Entomology , University of Madras , Chennai , India
| | - Ramaraj Paulchamy
- a Department of Zoology, Unit of Entomology , University of Madras , Chennai , India
| | - Janarthanan Sundaram
- a Department of Zoology, Unit of Entomology , University of Madras , Chennai , India
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205
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Hill GE. Mitonuclear Mate Choice: A Missing Component of Sexual Selection Theory? Bioessays 2018; 40. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849-5414
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206
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Pfennig KS, Kelly AL, Pierce AA. Hybridization as a facilitator of species range expansion. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 283:rspb.2016.1329. [PMID: 27683368 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the evolution of species geographical ranges is fundamental to understanding how biodiversity is distributed and maintained. The solution to this classic problem in ecology and evolution remains elusive: we still do not fully know how species geographical ranges evolve and what factors fuel range expansions. Resolving this problem is now more crucial than ever with increasing biodiversity loss, global change and movement of species by humans. Here, we describe and evaluate the hypothesis that hybridization between species can contribute to species range expansion. We discuss how such a process can occur and the empirical data that are needed to test this hypothesis. We also examine how species can expand into new environments via hybridization with a resident species, and yet remain distinct species. Generally, hybridization may play an underappreciated role in influencing the evolution of species ranges. Whether-and to what extent-hybridization has such an effect requires further study across more diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Audrey L Kelly
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Amanda A Pierce
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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207
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Moran RL, Fuller RC. Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters and its implications for speciation in allopatry. Curr Zool 2018; 64:101-113. [PMID: 29492043 PMCID: PMC5809036 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection against hybridization can cause mating traits to diverge between species in sympatry via reproductive character displacement (RCD). Additionally, selection against interspecific fighting can cause aggressive traits to diverge between sympatric species via agonistic character displacement (ACD). By directly affecting conspecific recognition traits, RCD and ACD between species can also incidentally cause divergence in mating and fighting traits among populations within a species [termed cascade RCD (CRCD) and cascade ACD]. Here, we demonstrate patterns consistent with male-driven RCD and ACD in 2 groups of darters (orangethroat darter clade Ceasia and rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum). In both groups, males that occur in sympatry (between Ceasia and E. caeruleum) have higher levels of preference for mating and fighting with conspecifics over heterospecifics than do males from allopatry. This is consistent with RCD and ACD. We also found patterns consistent with CRCD and cascade ACD among species of Ceasia. Ceasia males that are sympatric to E. caeruleum (but allopatric to one another) also have heightened preferences for mating and fighting with conspecific versus heterospecific Ceasia. In contrast, Ceasia males that are allopatric to E. caeruleum readily mate and fight with heterospecific Ceasia. We suggest that RCD and ACD between Ceasia and E. caeruleum has incidentally led to divergence in mating and fighting traits among Ceasia species. This study is unique in that male preferences evolve via both RCD (male preference for conspecific females) and ACD (male preference to fight conspecific males) which leads to subsequent divergence among allopatric lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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208
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Lipshutz SE. Interspecific competition, hybridization, and reproductive isolation in secondary contact: missing perspectives on males and females. Curr Zool 2018; 64:75-88. [PMID: 29492041 PMCID: PMC5809030 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on sexual selection and hybridization has focused on female mate choice and male-male competition. While the evolutionary outcomes of interspecific female preference have been well explored, we are now gaining a better understanding of the processes by which male-male competition between species in secondary contact promotes reproductive isolation versus hybridization. What is relatively unexplored is the interaction between female choice and male competition, as they can oppose one another or align with similar outcomes for reproductive isolation. The role of female-female competition in hybridization is also not well understood, but could operate similarly to male-male competition in polyandrous and other systems where costs to heterospecific mating are low for females. Reproductive competition between either sex of sympatric species can cause the divergence and/or convergence of sexual signals and recognition, which in turn influences the likelihood for interspecific mating. Future work on species interactions in secondary contact should test the relative influences of both mate choice and competition for mates on hybridization outcomes, and should not ignore the possibilities that females can compete over mating resources, and males can exercise mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Lipshutz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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209
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Turissini DA, McGirr JA, Patel SS, David JR, Matute DR. The Rate of Evolution of Postmating-Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation in Drosophila. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:312-334. [PMID: 29048573 PMCID: PMC5850467 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is an intrinsic aspect of species formation. For that reason, the identification of the precise isolating traits, and the rates at which they evolve, is crucial to understanding how species originate and persist. Previous work has measured the rates of evolution of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers to gene flow, yet no systematic analysis has studied the rates of evolution of postmating-prezygotic (PMPZ) barriers. We measured the magnitude of two barriers to gene flow that act after mating occurs but before fertilization. We also measured the magnitude of a premating barrier (female mating rate in nonchoice experiments) and two postzygotic barriers (hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility) for all pairwise crosses of all nine known extant species within the melanogaster subgroup. Our results indicate that PMPZ isolation evolves faster than hybrid inviability but slower than premating isolation. Next, we partition postzygotic isolation into different components and find that, as expected, hybrid sterility evolves faster than hybrid inviability. These results lend support for the hypothesis that, in Drosophila, reproductive isolation mechanisms (RIMs) that act early in reproduction (or in development) tend to evolve faster than those that act later in the reproductive cycle. Finally, we tested whether there was evidence for reinforcing selection at any RIM. We found no evidence for generalized evolution of reproductive isolation via reinforcement which indicates that there is no pervasive evidence of this evolutionary process. Our results indicate that PMPZ RIMs might have important evolutionary consequences in initiating speciation and in the persistence of new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Turissini
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joseph A McGirr
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sonali S Patel
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jean R David
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie (EGCE) CNRS, IRD, Univ. Paris-sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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210
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Lackey ACR, Martin MD, Tinghitella RM. Male competition and speciation: expanding our framework for speciation by sexual selection. Curr Zool 2018; 64:69-73. [PMID: 29492040 PMCID: PMC5809040 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alycia C R Lackey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Biology, Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, GA 30054, USA
| | - Robin M Tinghitella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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211
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212
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Neri J, Wendt T, Palma-Silva C. Natural hybridization and genetic and morphological variation between two epiphytic bromeliads. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:plx061. [PMID: 29308124 PMCID: PMC5751037 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is of fundamental importance for maintaining species boundaries in sympatry. Here, we examine the genetic and morphological differences between two closely related bromeliad species: Vriesea simplex and Vriesea scalaris. Furthermore, we examined the occurrence of natural hybridization and discuss the action of reproductive isolation barriers. Nuclear genomic admixture suggests hybridization in sympatric populations, although interspecific gene flow is low among species in all sympatric zones (Nem < 0.5). Thus, morphological and genetic divergence (10.99 %) between species can be maintained despite ongoing natural hybridization. Cross-evaluation of our genetic and morphological data suggests that species integrity is maintained by the simultaneous action of multiple barriers, such as divergent reproductive systems among species, differences in floral traits and low hybrid seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Neri
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tânia Wendt
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarisse Palma-Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia – Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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213
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Butler IA, Peters MK, Kronauer DJC. Low levels of hybridization in two species of African driver ants. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:556-571. [PMID: 29380454 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization in ants can have consequences different from those observed in most other species, with many of the potential deleterious effects being mitigated due to haplodiploidy and eusociality. In some species where colonies are either headed by multiple queens or single queens that mate with many males, hybridization is associated with genetic caste determination, where hybrids develop into workers and purebred individuals develop into queens. A previous study suggested that hybridization occurs between two Dorylus army ant species with multiply mated queens. However, the extent and exact pattern of hybridization have remained unclear, and its possible effect on caste determination has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the extent and direction of hybridization by measuring how frequently hybrids occur in colonies of both species, and to investigate the possibility of genetic caste determination. We show that hybridization is bidirectional and occurs at equal rates in both species. Hybrid workers make up only 1-2% of the population, and successful interspecific matings represent approximately 2% of all matings in both species. This shows that, although interspecific matings that give rise to worker offspring occur regularly, they are much rarer than intraspecific mating. Finally, we find no evidence of an association between hybridization and genetic caste determination in this population. This means that genetic caste determination is not a necessary outcome of hybridization in ants, even in species where queens mate with multiple males.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Butler
- Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - D J C Kronauer
- Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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214
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Mérot C, Salazar C, Merrill RM, Jiggins CD, Joron M. What shapes the continuum of reproductive isolation? Lessons from Heliconius butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0335. [PMID: 28592669 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The process by which species evolve can be illuminated by investigating barriers that limit gene flow between taxa. Recent radiations, such as Heliconius butterflies, offer the opportunity to compare isolation between pairs of taxa at different stages of ecological, geographical, and phylogenetic divergence. Here, we report a comparative analysis of existing and novel data in order to quantify the strength and direction of isolating barriers within a well-studied clade of Heliconius Our results highlight that increased divergence is associated with the accumulation of stronger and more numerous barriers to gene flow. Wing pattern is both under natural selection for Müllerian mimicry and involved in mate choice, and therefore underlies several isolating barriers. However, pairs which share a similar wing pattern also display strong reproductive isolation mediated by traits other than wing pattern. This suggests that, while wing pattern is a key factor for early stages of divergence, it may become facultative at later stages of divergence. Additional factors including habitat partitioning, hybrid sterility, and chemically mediated mate choice are associated with complete speciation. Therefore, although most previous work has emphasized the role of wing pattern, our comparative results highlight that speciation is a multi-dimensional process, whose completion is stabilized by many factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mérot
- ISYEB UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, Paris, France .,IBIS, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - C Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera, 24 No 63C-69, Bogota D.C., 111221, Colombia
| | - R M Merrill
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, MRC 0580-12, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, Panama
| | - C D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, MRC 0580-12, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, Panama
| | - M Joron
- ISYEB UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, Paris, France .,Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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215
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Angeletti D, Sebbio C, Carlini A, Strinati C, Nascetti G, Carere C, Cimmaruta R. The role of habitat choice in micro-evolutionary dynamics: An experimental study on the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Cyprinodontidae). Ecol Evol 2018; 7:10536-10545. [PMID: 29299235 PMCID: PMC5743487 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat choice is defined as a nonrandom distribution of genotypes in different microhabitats. Therefore, it could exert a great impact on the genetic variance of natural populations by promoting genetic divergence, local adaptation, and may even lead to sympatric speciation. Despite this potential role in micro‐ and macro‐evolutionary processes, there is little empirical evidence that the various genotypes within a population may differ in habitat choice‐related behaviors. Here, we tested whether habitat choice may have contributed to genetic divergence within a local population of the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus, which emerged between groups inhabiting microhabitats with different oxygen concentrations during previous field studies. In a first experiment, we studied the distribution of individuals in conditions of hypoxia and normoxia to test whether they had a different ability to shy away from a hypoxic environment; in a second experiment, we analyzed the individual behavior of fish separately in the two conditions, to verify whether they showed peculiar behavioral responses linked to a possible differential distribution. We then analyzed the six allozyme loci, whose allelic and genotypic frequencies were significantly divergent in the previous studies. In the first test, we found that the distribution of the two homozygote genotypes of the glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase‐1 locus (GPI‐1) was significantly different between the hypoxic and the normoxic conditions. During the second test, all individuals were more active in hypoxic conditions, but the two GPI‐1 homozygotes showed a significant difference in time spent performing surface breathing, which was consistent with their distribution observed in the first experiment. These results provide evidence that individual behavioral traits, related to genetic features, may lead to a nonrandom distribution of genotypes in heterogeneous although contiguous microhabitats and, consequently, that habitat choice can play a significant role in driving the micro‐evolutionary dynamics of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Angeletti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR) Tuscia University Tarquinia VT Italy
| | - Claudia Sebbio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR) Tuscia University Tarquinia VT Italy.,Department of Monitoring of Environmental Quality Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) Rome Italy
| | - Alessandro Carlini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR) Tuscia University Tarquinia VT Italy
| | - Claudia Strinati
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR) Tuscia University Tarquinia VT Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nascetti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR) Tuscia University Tarquinia VT Italy
| | - Claudio Carere
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR) Tuscia University Tarquinia VT Italy
| | - Roberta Cimmaruta
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR) Tuscia University Tarquinia VT Italy
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216
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Carranza J, Roldán M, Duarte JMB. Lack of mate selectivity for genetic compatibility within the red brocket deer Mazama americana complex. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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217
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Kopp M, Servedio MR, Mendelson TC, Safran RJ, Rodríguez RL, Hauber ME, Scordato EC, Symes LB, Balakrishnan CN, Zonana DM, van Doorn GS. Mechanisms of Assortative Mating in Speciation with Gene Flow: Connecting Theory and Empirical Research. Am Nat 2018; 191:1-20. [DOI: 10.1086/694889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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218
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Comeault AA, Venkat A, Matute DR. Correlated evolution of male and female reproductive traits drive a cascading effect of reinforcement in Drosophila yakuba. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0730. [PMID: 27440664 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection against maladaptive hybridization can drive the evolution of reproductive isolation in a process called reinforcement. While the importance of reinforcement in evolution has been historically debated, many examples now exist. Despite these examples, we typically lack a detailed understanding of the mechanisms limiting the spread of reinforced phenotypes throughout a species' range. Here we address this issue in the fruit fly Drosophila yakuba, a species that hybridizes with its sister species D. santomea and is undergoing reinforcement in a well-defined hybrid zone on the island of São Tomé. Within this region, female D. yakuba show increased postmating-prezygotic (gametic) isolation towards D. santomea when compared with females from allopatric populations. We use a combination of natural collections, fertility assays, and experimental evolution to understand why reinforced gametic isolation in D. yakuba is confined to this hybrid zone. We show that, among other traits, D. yakuba males from sympatric populations sire fewer progeny than allopatric males when mated to allopatric D. yakuba females. Our results provide a novel example of reinforcement acting on a postmating-prezygotic trait in males, resulting in a cascade of reproductive isolation among conspecific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Comeault
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, 250 Bell Tower Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aarti Venkat
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, 250 Bell Tower Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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219
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Richards PM, Morii Y, Kimura K, Hirano T, Chiba S, Davison A. Single-gene speciation: Mating and gene flow between mirror-image snails. Evol Lett 2017; 1:282-291. [PMID: 30283656 PMCID: PMC6121799 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the shell coiling, or chirality, of land snails provides an opportunity to investigate the potential for "single-gene" speciation, because mating between individuals of opposite chirality is believed not possible if the snails mate in a face-to-face position. However, the evidence in support of single-gene speciation is sparse, mostly based upon single-gene mitochondrial studies and patterns of chiral variation between species. Previously, we used a theoretical model to show that as the chiral phenotype of offspring is determined by the maternal genotype, occasional chiral reversals may take place and enable gene flow between mirror image morphs, preventing speciation. Here, we show empirically that there is recent or ongoing gene flow between the different chiral types of Japanese Euhadra species. We also report evidence of mating between mirror-image morphs, directly showing the potential for gene flow. Thus, theoretical models are suggestive of gene flow between oppositely coiled snails, and our empirical study shows that they can mate and that there is gene flow in Euhadra. More than a single gene is required before chiral variation in shell coiling can be considered to have created a new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Richards
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Yuta Morii
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversityAobayamaSendai980–8578Japan
| | - Kazuki Kimura
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversityAobayamaSendai980–8578Japan
| | - Takahiro Hirano
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversityAobayamaSendai980–8578Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversityAobayamaSendai980–8578Japan
| | - Angus Davison
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom
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220
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Gilbert CM, Bell RC. Evolution of advertisement calls in an island radiation of African reed frogs. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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221
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Blackburn GS, Brunet BMT, Muirhead K, Cusson M, Béliveau C, Levesque RC, Lumley LM, Sperling FAH. Distinct sources of gene flow produce contrasting population genetic dynamics at different range boundaries of aChoristoneurabudworm. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6666-6684. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwylim S. Blackburn
- Department of Biological Sciences; CW405 Biosciences Centre; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Laurentian Forestry Centre; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Quebec City QC Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - Bryan M. T. Brunet
- Department of Biological Sciences; CW405 Biosciences Centre; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Kevin Muirhead
- Department of Biological Sciences; CW405 Biosciences Centre; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Michel Cusson
- Laurentian Forestry Centre; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Catherine Béliveau
- Laurentian Forestry Centre; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Roger C. Levesque
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - Lisa M. Lumley
- Department of Biological Sciences; CW405 Biosciences Centre; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Laurentian Forestry Centre; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Felix A. H. Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences; CW405 Biosciences Centre; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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222
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Gompert Z, Mandeville EG, Buerkle CA. Analysis of Population Genomic Data from Hybrid Zones. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Gompert
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
| | - Elizabeth G. Mandeville
- Department of Botany and Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - C. Alex Buerkle
- Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
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223
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Stryjewski KF, Sorenson MD. Mosaic genome evolution in a recent and rapid avian radiation. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1912-1922. [PMID: 29085063 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent genomic analyses of evolutionary radiations suggest that ancestral or standing genetic variation may facilitate rapid diversification, particularly in cases involving convergence in ecological traits. Likewise, lateral transfer of alleles via hybridization may also facilitate adaptive convergence, but little is known about the role of ancestral variation in examples of explosive diversification that primarily involve the evolution of species recognition traits. Here, we show that genomic regions distinguishing sympatric species in an extraordinary radiation of small finches called munias (genus Lonchura) have phylogenetic histories that are discordant with each other, with the overall pattern of autosomal differentiation among species, and with sex-linked and mitochondrial components of the genome. Genome-wide data for 11 species sampled in Australia and Papua New Guinea indicate substantial autosomal introgression between sympatric species, but also identify a limited number of divergent autosomal regions, several of which overlap known colour genes (ASIP, EDN3, IGSF11, KITLG, MC1R and SOX10). Phylogenetic analysis of these outlier regions shows that different munia species have acquired unique combinations of alleles across a relatively small set of phenotypically relevant genes. Our results demonstrate that the recombination of ancestral genetic variation across multiple loci may be an important mechanism for generating phenotypic novelty and diversity.
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224
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Lemmon EM, Juenger TE. Geographic variation in hybridization across a reinforcement contact zone of chorus frogs ( Pseudacris). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9485-9502. [PMID: 29187984 PMCID: PMC5696400 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement contact zones, which are secondary contact zones where species are diverging in reproductive behaviors due to selection against hybridization, represent natural laboratories for studying speciation‐in‐action. Here, we examined replicate localities across the entire reinforcement contact zone between North American chorus frogs Pseudacris feriarum and P. nigrita to investigate geographic variation in hybridization frequencies and to assess whether reinforcement may have contributed to increased genetic divergence within species. Previous work indicated these species have undergone reproductive character displacement (RCD) in male acoustic signals and female preferences due to reinforcement. We also examined acoustic signal variation across the contact zone to assess whether signal characteristics reliably predict hybrid index and to elucidate whether the degree of RCD predicts hybridization rate. Using microsatellites, mitochondrial sequences, and acoustic signal information from >1,000 individuals across >50 localities and ten sympatric focal regions, we demonstrate: (1) hybridization occurs and (2) varies substantially across the geographic range of the contact zone, (3) hybridization is asymmetric and in the direction predicted from observed patterns of asymmetric RCD, (4) in one species, genetic distance is higher between conspecific localities where one or both have been reinforced than between nonreinforced localities, after controlling for geographic distance, (5) acoustic signal characters strongly predict hybrid index, and (6) the degree of RCD does not strongly predict admixture levels. By showing that hybridization occurs in all sympatric localities, this study provides the fifth and final line of evidence that reproductive character displacement is due to reinforcement in the chorus frog contact zone. Furthermore, this work suggests that the dual action of cascade reinforcement and partial geographic isolation is promoting genetic diversification within one of the reinforced species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas, Austin Austin TX USA
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225
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Abstract
The emergence of new species is driven by the establishment of mechanisms that limit gene flow between populations. A major challenge is reconciling the theoretical and empirical importance of assortative mating in speciation with the ease with which it can fail. Swordtail fish have an evolutionary history of hybridization and fragile prezygotic isolating mechanisms. Hybridization between two swordtail species likely arose via pollution-mediated breakdown of assortative mating in the 1990s. Here we track unusual genetic patterns in one hybrid population over the past decade using whole-genome sequencing. Hybrids in this population formed separate genetic clusters by 2003, and maintained near-perfect isolation over 25 generations through strong ancestry-assortative mating. However, we also find that assortative mating was plastic, varying in strength over time and disappearing under manipulated conditions. In addition, a nearby population did not show evidence of assortative mating. Thus, our findings suggest that assortative mating may constitute an intermittent and unpredictable barrier to gene flow, but that variation in its strength can have a major effect on how hybrid populations evolve. Understanding how reproductive isolation varies across populations and through time is critical to understanding speciation and hybridization, as well as their dependence on disturbance.
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226
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Moran RL, Zhou M, Catchen JM, Fuller RC. Male and female contributions to behavioral isolation in darters as a function of genetic distance and color distance. Evolution 2017; 71:2428-2444. [PMID: 28776645 PMCID: PMC5656840 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Determining which reproductive isolating barriers arise first between geographically isolated lineages is critical to understanding allopatric speciation. We examined behavioral isolation among four recently diverged allopatric species in the orangethroat darter clade (Etheostoma: Ceasia). We also examined behavioral isolation between each Ceasia species and the sympatric rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum. We asked (1) is behavioral isolation present between allopatric Ceasia species, and how does this compare to behavioral isolation with E. caeruleum, (2) does male color distance and/or genetic distance predict behavioral isolation between species, and (3) what are the relative contributions of female choice, male choice, and male competition to behavioral isolation? We found that behavioral isolation, genetic differentiation, and male color pattern differentiation were present between allopatric Ceasia species. Males, but not females, discerned between conspecific and heterospecific mates. Males also directed more aggression toward conspecific rival males. The high levels of behavioral isolation among Ceasia species showed no obvious pattern with genetic distance or male color distance. However, when the E. caeruleum was included in the analysis, an association between male aggression and male color distance was apparent. We discuss the possibility that reinforcement between Ceasia and E. caeruleum is driving behavioral isolation among allopatric Ceasia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Muchu Zhou
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Julian M Catchen
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
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227
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Reproductive interference and fecundity affect competitive interactions of sibling species with low mating barriers: experimental and theoretical evidence. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:438-446. [PMID: 28902188 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When allopatric species with incomplete prezygotic isolation come into secondary contact, the outcome of their interaction is not easily predicted. The parasitoid wasp Encarsia suzannae (iES), infected by Cardinium inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), and its sibling species E. gennaroi (EG), not infected by bacterial endosymbionts, may have diverged because of the complementary action of CI and asymmetric hybrid incompatibilities. Whereas postzygotic isolation is now complete because of sterility of F1 hybrid progeny, prezygotic isolation is still incipient. We set up laboratory population cage experiments to evaluate the outcome of the interaction between ES and EG in two pairwise combinations: iES vs EG and cured ES (cES, where Cardinium was removed with antibiotics) vs EG. We also built a theoretical model aimed at exploring the role of life-history differences and asymmetric mating on competitive outcomes. In three of four cages in each treatment, ES dominated the interaction. We found evidence for reproductive interference, driven by asymmetric mating preferences, that gave a competitive edge to ES, the species that better discriminated against heterospecifics. However, we did not find the fecundity cost previously shown to be associated with Cardinium infection in iES. The model largely supported the experimental results. The finding of only a slight competitive edge of ES over EG in population cages suggests that in a more heterogeneous environment the species could coexist. This is supported by evidence that the two species coexist in sympatry, where preliminary data suggest reproductive character displacement may have reinforced postzygotic isolation.
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228
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Booksmythe I, Rundle HD, Arnqvist G. Sexual dimorphism in epicuticular compounds despite similar sexual selection in sex role-reversed seed beetles. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:2005-2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Booksmythe
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - H. D. Rundle
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - G. Arnqvist
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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229
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Ottenburghs J, Megens HJ, Kraus RHS, van Hooft P, van Wieren SE, Crooijmans RPMA, Ydenberg RC, Groenen MAM, Prins HHT. A history of hybrids? Genomic patterns of introgression in the True Geese. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:201. [PMID: 28830337 PMCID: PMC5568201 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impacts of hybridization on the process of speciation are manifold, leading to distinct patterns across the genome. Genetic differentiation accumulates in certain genomic regions, while divergence is hampered in other regions by homogenizing gene flow, resulting in a heterogeneous genomic landscape. A consequence of this heterogeneity is that genomes are mosaics of different gene histories that can be compared to unravel complex speciation and hybridization events. However, incomplete lineage sorting (often the outcome of rapid speciation) can result in similar patterns. New statistical techniques, such as the D-statistic and hybridization networks, can be applied to disentangle the contributions of hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. We unravel patterns of hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting during and after the diversification of the True Geese (family Anatidae, tribe Anserini, genera Anser and Branta) using an exon-based hybridization network approach and taking advantage of discordant gene tree histories by re-sequencing all taxa of this clade. In addition, we determine the timing of introgression and reconstruct historical effective population sizes for all goose species to infer which demographic or biogeographic factors might explain the observed patterns of introgression. Results We find indications for ancient interspecific gene flow during the diversification of the True Geese and were able to pinpoint several putative hybridization events. Specifically, in the genus Branta, both the ancestor of the White-cheeked Geese (Hawaiian Goose, Canada Goose, Cackling Goose and Barnacle Goose) and the ancestor of the Brent Goose hybridized with Red-breasted Goose. One hybridization network suggests a hybrid origin for the Red-breasted Goose, but this scenario seems unlikely and it not supported by the D-statistic analysis. The complex, highly reticulated evolutionary history of the genus Anser hampered the estimation of ancient hybridization events by means of hybridization networks. The reconstruction of historical effective population sizes shows that most species showed a steady increase during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. These large effective population sizes might have facilitated contact between diverging goose species, resulting in the establishment of hybrid zones and consequent gene flow. Conclusions Our analyses suggest that the evolutionary history of the True Geese is influenced by introgressive hybridization. The approach that we have used, based on genome-wide phylogenetic incongruence and network analyses, will be a useful procedure to reconstruct the complex evolutionary histories of many naturally hybridizing species groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1048-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Ottenburghs
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hendrik-Jan Megens
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert H S Kraus
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg, 1D-78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Pim van Hooft
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sipke E van Wieren
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard P M A Crooijmans
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald C Ydenberg
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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230
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Chenuil A, Saucède T, Hemery LG, Eléaume M, Féral JP, Améziane N, David B, Lecointre G, Havermans C. Understanding processes at the origin of species flocks with a focus on the marine Antarctic fauna. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:481-504. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chenuil
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE-UMR7263); Aix-Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions; F-13007 Marseille France
| | - Thomas Saucède
- UMR6282 Biogéosciences; CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 boulevard Gabriel; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Lenaïg G. Hemery
- DMPA, UMR 7208 BOREA/MNHN/CNRS/Paris VI/ Univ Caen, 57 rue Cuvier; 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Marc Eléaume
- UMR7205 Institut de Systématique; Evolution et Biodiversité, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE, CP 24, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier; 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean-Pierre Féral
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE-UMR7263); Aix-Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions; F-13007 Marseille France
| | - Nadia Améziane
- UMR7205 Institut de Systématique; Evolution et Biodiversité, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE, CP 24, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier; 75005 Paris France
| | - Bruno David
- UMR6282 Biogéosciences; CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 boulevard Gabriel; F-21000 Dijon France
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier; 75005 Paris France
| | - Guillaume Lecointre
- UMR7205 Institut de Systématique; Evolution et Biodiversité, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE, CP 24, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier; 75005 Paris France
| | - Charlotte Havermans
- Marine Zoology, Bremen Marine Ecology (BreMarE); University of Bremen, PO Box 330440; 28334 Bremen Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12; D-27570 Bremerhaven Germany
- OD Natural Environment; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29; B-1000 Brussels Belgium
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231
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Ravinet M, Faria R, Butlin RK, Galindo J, Bierne N, Rafajlović M, Noor MAF, Mehlig B, Westram AM. Interpreting the genomic landscape of speciation: a road map for finding barriers to gene flow. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1450-1477. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ravinet
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- National Institute of Genetics; Mishima Shizuoka Japan
| | - R. Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; InBIO, Laboratório Associado; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF); Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - R. K. Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
- Department of Marine Sciences; Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - J. Galindo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology; University of Vigo; Vigo Spain
| | - N. Bierne
- CNRS; Université Montpellier; ISEM; Station Marine Sète France
| | - M. Rafajlović
- Department of Physics; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - B. Mehlig
- Department of Physics; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - A. M. Westram
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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232
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Jarvis WMC, Comeau SM, Colborne SF, Robinson BW. Flexible mate choice may contribute to ecotype assortative mating in pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1810-1820. [PMID: 28590579 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene flow is expected to limit adaptive divergence, but the ecological and behavioural factors that govern gene flow are still poorly understood, particularly at the earliest stages of population divergence. Reduced gene flow through mate choice (sexual isolation) can evolve even under conditions of subtle population divergence if intermediate phenotypes have reduced fitness. We indirectly tested the hypothesis that mate choice has evolved between coexisting littoral and pelagic ecotypes of polyphenic pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) that have diverged in morphology and resource use and where intermediate phenotypes have reduced performance. We assessed the ecotype of nesting males and females using stable isotope estimates of diet and a divergent male morphological trait, oral jaw width. We found positive assortative mating between ecotypes in a common spawning habitat along exposed lake shorelines, but contrary to expectations, assortative mating was variably expressed between two sampling years. Although the factors that influence variable assortative mating remain unclear, our results are consistent with mate choice being expressed by ecotypes. Despite being variably expressed, mate choice will reduce gene flow between ecotypes and could contribute to further adaptive divergence depending on its frequency and strength in the population. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence indicating mate choice behaviour can be a plastic trait, an idea that should be more explicitly considered in empirical studies of mate choice as well as conceptual frameworks of mate choice evolution and adaptive divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M C Jarvis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - S M Comeau
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - S F Colborne
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - B W Robinson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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233
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Wheatcroft D, Qvarnström A. Reproductive character displacement of female, but not male song discrimination in an avian hybrid zone. Evolution 2017; 71:1776-1786. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Wheatcroft
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D 752 36 Sweden
| | - Anna Qvarnström
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D 752 36 Sweden
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234
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Density-dependent processes determine the distribution of chromosomal races of the common shrew Sorex araneus (Lipotyphla, Mammalia). MAMMAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-017-0314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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235
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Sachdeva H, Barton NH. Divergence and evolution of assortative mating in a polygenic trait model of speciation with gene flow. Evolution 2017; 71:1478-1493. [PMID: 28419447 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Assortative mating is an important driver of speciation in populations with gene flow and is predicted to evolve under certain conditions in few-locus models. However, the evolution of assortment is less understood for mating based on quantitative traits, which are often characterized by high genetic variability and extensive linkage disequilibrium between trait loci. We explore this scenario for a two-deme model with migration, by considering a single polygenic trait subject to divergent viability selection across demes, as well as assortative mating and sexual selection within demes, and investigate how trait divergence is shaped by various evolutionary forces. Our analysis reveals the existence of sharp thresholds of assortment strength, at which divergence increases dramatically. We also study the evolution of assortment via invasion of modifiers of mate discrimination and show that the ES assortment strength has an intermediate value under a range of migration-selection parameters, even in diverged populations, due to subtle effects which depend sensitively on the extent of phenotypic variation within these populations. The evolutionary dynamics of the polygenic trait is studied using the hypergeometric and infinitesimal models. We further investigate the sensitivity of our results to the assumptions of the hypergeometric model, using individual-based simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Sachdeva
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg A-3400, Austria
| | - Nicholas H Barton
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg A-3400, Austria
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236
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Manzano-Winkler B, Hish AJ, Aarons EK, Noor MAF. Reproductive interference by male Drosophila subobscura on female D. persimilis: A laboratory experiment. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2268-2272. [PMID: 28405290 PMCID: PMC5383474 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While females often reject courtship attempts by heterospecific males, reproductive interference by harassment from such males can nonetheless occur, potentially reducing female fitness. Such effects may be profound following a range expansion, when males from a new species may suddenly encounter (and perhaps even become abundant relative to) females of related native species. Drosophila subobscura recently invaded North America and may impact native species through reproductive interference and other processes. We test for the potential for reproductive interference by D. subobscura males on D. persimilis females in the laboratory. D. subobscura males aggressively copulated with D. persimilis females, including many females that exhibit rejection behaviors. Despite females attempting to dismount the males, the heterospecific copulations are on average longer than conspecific copulations, and females exhibit some reluctance to remate with conspecific males following this harassment. Females confined with both conspecific and heterospecific males produce fewer adult progeny than those with either conspecific males only or with conspecific males and distantly related D. simulans males that do not engage in female harassment. Overall, our results illustrate how reproductive interference by an invasive species can have negative effects on resident natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily K Aarons
- Biology Department Duke University Durham North California
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237
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Oatley G, De Swardt DH, Nuttall RJ, Crowe TM, Bowie RCK. Phenotypic and genotypic variation across a stable white-eye (Zosterops sp.) hybrid zone in central South Africa. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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238
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Molecular heterogeneity in major urinary proteins of Mus musculus subspecies: potential candidates involved in speciation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44992. [PMID: 28337988 PMCID: PMC5364487 DOI: 10.1038/srep44992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
When hybridisation carries a cost, natural selection is predicted to favour evolution of traits that allow assortative mating (reinforcement). Incipient speciation between the two European house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus domesticus and M.m.musculus, sharing a hybrid zone, provides an opportunity to understand evolution of assortative mating at a molecular level. Mouse urine odours allow subspecific mate discrimination, with assortative preferences evident in the hybrid zone but not in allopatry. Here we assess the potential of MUPs (major urinary proteins) as candidates for signal divergence by comparing MUP expression in urine samples from the Danish hybrid zone border (contact) and from allopatric populations. Mass spectrometric characterisation identified novel MUPs in both subspecies involving mostly new combinations of amino acid changes previously observed in M.m.domesticus. The subspecies expressed distinct MUP signatures, with most MUPs expressed by only one subspecies. Expression of at least eight MUPs showed significant subspecies divergence both in allopatry and contact zone. Another seven MUPs showed divergence in expression between the subspecies only in the contact zone, consistent with divergence by reinforcement. These proteins are candidates for the semiochemical barrier to hybridisation, providing an opportunity to characterise the nature and evolution of a putative species recognition signal.
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239
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McKenzie JL, Bucking C, Moreira A, Schulte PM. Intrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms in the maintenance of a hybrid zone between ecologically divergent subspecies. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:848-864. [PMID: 28190270 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding factors involved in maintaining stable hybrid zones is important for predicting the ultimate fate of the interacting taxa, but the relative importance of mechanisms such as ecological selection and intrinsic reproductive isolation remains unclear. Most studies of reproductive isolation in hybrid zones have focused either on zones with strongly bimodal patterns in genotype or phenotype frequencies, with relatively strong isolation, or unimodal zones with relatively weak isolation, whereas less is known about more intermediate classes of hybrid zone. Here, we utilize a hybrid zone of this intermediate type occurring between northern and southern subspecies of Atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, to identify isolating mechanisms playing a role in maintaining this type of zone. The two subspecies differ in environmental tolerance, and we found some evidence of microhabitat preference between subspecies within a small tidal creek at the centre of the hybrid zone. There was also an association between sex, mitochondrial genotype and habitat within this creek. Fertilization success did not differ between consubspecific and heterosubspecific crosses, but hatching success was significantly lower for crosses involving southern males and northern females, and crosses between southern females and northern males had altered developmental rates. Southern females and northern males showed patterns consistent with positive assortative mating. Together, these results indicate a role for a combination of factors including assortative mating and/or early hybrid inviability in the maintenance of this hybrid zone and suggest that hybrid zones with intermediate levels of reproductive isolation are likely to be maintained by multiple interacting isolating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L McKenzie
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Bucking
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Moreira
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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240
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Roda F, Mendes FK, Hahn MW, Hopkins R. Genomic evidence of gene flow during reinforcement in Texas Phlox. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2317-2330. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Roda
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University; 1300 Centre Street Boston MA 02131 USA
| | - Fábio K. Mendes
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 E. Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Matthew W. Hahn
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 E. Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
- School of Informatics and Computing; Indiana University; 1001 E. Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Robin Hopkins
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University; 1300 Centre Street Boston MA 02131 USA
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241
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Miller CJJ, Matute DR. The Effect of Temperature on Drosophila Hybrid Fitness. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:377-385. [PMID: 27913636 PMCID: PMC5295587 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.034926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of reproductive isolation inhibit gene flow between species and can be broadly sorted into two categories: prezygotic and postzygotic. While comparative studies suggest that prezygotic barriers tend to evolve first, postzygotic barriers are crucial for maintaining species boundaries and impeding gene flow that might otherwise cause incipient species to merge. Most, but not all, postzygotic barriers result from genetic incompatibilities between two or more loci from different species, and occur due to divergent evolution in allopatry. Hybrid defects result from improper allelic interactions between these loci. While some postzygotic barriers are environmentally-independent, the magnitude of others has been shown to vary in penetrance depending on environmental factors. We crossed Drosophila melanogaster mutants to two other species, D. simulans and D. santomea, and collected fitness data of the hybrids at two different temperatures. Our goal was to examine the effect of temperature on recessive incompatibility alleles in their genomes. We found that temperature has a stronger effect on the penetrance of recessive incompatibility alleles in the D. simulans genome than on those in the D. santomea genome. These results suggest that the penetrance of hybrid incompatibilities can be strongly affected by environmental context, and that the magnitude of such gene-by-environment interactions can be contingent on the genotype of the hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J J Miller
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27510
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27510
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242
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Hua X, Bromham L. Darwinism for the Genomic Age: Connecting Mutation to Diversification. Front Genet 2017; 8:12. [PMID: 28224003 PMCID: PMC5293951 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that rates of diversification of biological lineages are correlated with differences in genome-wide mutation rate. Given that most research into differential patterns of diversification rate have focused on species traits or ecological parameters, a connection to the biochemical processes of genome change is an unexpected observation. While the empirical evidence for a significant association between mutation rate and diversification rate is mounting, there has been less effort in explaining the factors that mediate this connection between genetic change and species richness. Here we draw together empirical studies and theoretical concepts that may help to build links in the explanatory chain that connects mutation to diversification. First we consider the way that mutation rates vary between species. We then explore how differences in mutation rates have flow-through effects to the rate at which populations acquire substitutions, which in turn influences the speed at which populations become reproductively isolated from each other due to the acquisition of genomic incompatibilities. Since diversification rate is commonly measured from phylogenetic analyses, we propose a conceptual approach for relating events of reproductive isolation to bifurcations on molecular phylogenies. As we examine each of these relationships, we consider theoretical models that might shine a light on the observed association between rate of molecular evolution and diversification rate, and critically evaluate the empirical evidence for these links, focusing on phylogenetic comparative studies. Finally, we ask whether we are getting closer to a real understanding of the way that the processes of molecular evolution connect to the observable patterns of diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hua
- Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Lindell Bromham
- Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
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243
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244
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Roth-Monzón AJ, Scott LE, Camargo AA, Clark EI, Schott EE, Johnson JB. Sympatry Predicts Spot Pigmentation Patterns and Female Association Behavior in the Livebearing Fish Poeciliopsis baenschi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170326. [PMID: 28107407 PMCID: PMC5249170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the possibility that differences in pigmentation patterns among populations of the fish Poeciliopsis baenschi were associated with the presence or absence of the closely related species P. turneri. If reproductive character displacement is responsible, spotting patterns in these two species should diverge in sympatry, but not allopatry. We predicted that female P. baenschi from sympatric sites should show a preference for associating with conspecifics vs. heterospecific males, but females from allopatric sites should show no such preferences. To evaluate these predictions, we compared spotting patterns and female association behaviors in populations of P. baenschi from Central Mexico. We found that both of our predictions were supported. Poeciliopsis baenschi that co-occured with P. turneri had spotting patterns significantly different than their counterparts from allopatric sites. Using a simultaneous choice test of video presentations of males, we also found that female P. baenschi from populations that co-occured with P. turneri spent significantly more time with males of their own species than with P. turneri males. In contrast, females from allopatric populations of P. baenschi showed no differences in the amount of time they spent with either conspecific or heterospecific males. Together, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that reproductive character displacement may be responsible for behavioral and spotting pattern differences in these populations of P. baenschi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Roth-Monzón
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Laura E Scott
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ashley A Camargo
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Eliza I Clark
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Eric E Schott
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jerald B Johnson
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.,Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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245
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Ottens K, Winkler IS, Lewis ML, Scheffer SJ, Gomes-Costa GA, Condon MA, Forbes AA. Genetic differentiation associated with host plants and geography among six widespread species of South American Blepharoneura fruit flies (Tephritidae). J Evol Biol 2017; 30:696-710. [PMID: 28106948 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropical herbivorous insects are astonishingly diverse, and many are highly host-specific. Much evidence suggests that herbivorous insect diversity is a function of host plant diversity; yet, the diversity of some lineages exceeds the diversity of plants. Although most species of herbivorous fruit flies in the Neotropical genus Blepharoneura are strongly host-specific (they deposit their eggs in a single host plant species and flower sex), some species are collected from multiple hosts or flowers and these may represent examples of lineages that are diversifying via changes in host use. Here, we investigate patterns of diversification within six geographically widespread Blepharoneura species that have been collected and reared from at least two host plant species or host plant parts. We use microsatellites to (1) test for evidence of local genetic differentiation associated with different sympatric hosts (different plant species or flower sexes) and (2) examine geographic patterns of genetic differentiation across multiple South American collection sites. In four of the six fly species, we find evidence of local genetic differences between flies collected from different hosts. All six species show evidence of geographic structure, with consistent differences between flies collected in the Guiana Shield and flies collected in Amazonia. Continent-wide analyses reveal - in all but one instance - that genetically differentiated flies collected in sympatry from different host species or different sex flowers are not one another's closest relatives, indicating that genetic differences often arise in allopatry before, or at least coincident with, the evolution of novel host use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ottens
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - I S Winkler
- Department of Biology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA, USA
| | - M L Lewis
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service - U.S. Department of Agriculture (ARS-USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - S J Scheffer
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service - U.S. Department of Agriculture (ARS-USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - G A Gomes-Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M A Condon
- Department of Biology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA, USA
| | - A A Forbes
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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246
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Haight JE, Laursen GA, Glaeser JA, Taylor DL. Phylogeny of Fomitopsis pinicola: a species complex. Mycologia 2017; 108:925-938. [DOI: 10.3852/14-225r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John-Erich Haight
- Institute of Arctic Biology and the Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
- USDA-FS Northern Research Station, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Gary A. Laursen
- Institute of Arctic Biology and the Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
| | - Jessie A. Glaeser
- USDA-FS Northern Research Station, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - D. Lee Taylor
- Institute of Arctic Biology and the Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
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247
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Klomp DA, Stuart-Fox D, Cassidy EJ, Ahmad N, Ord TJ. Color pattern facilitates species recognition but not signal detection: a field test using robots. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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248
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Rossi V, Martorella A, Scudieri D, Menozzi P. Seasonal niche partitioning and coexistence of amphimictic and parthenogenetic lineages of Heterocypris barbara (Crustacea: Ostracoda). CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sympatry of amphimictic and parthenogenetic lineages in species with mixed reproductive systems is rarely observed in nature. On Lampedusa Island (Pelagie Islands, Italy), amphimictic and parthenogenetic lineages of Heterocypris barbara (Gauthier and Brehm, 1928) co-occur in a temporary pond. Their sympatric persistence calls for an ecological differentiation. We investigated the role of seasonal variation of temperature and photoperiod conditions by two different approaches: microcosms set up by inundation of dry sediments from the temporary pond and life-table experiments. Microcosms recreate conditions similar to the field and in their sediments random samples of resting eggs of both amphimictic and parthenogenetic females are stored. Life-table experiments supplied individual-based estimates of survivorship, adult life span, fecundity, and sex ratio in the progeny. We carried out the experiments at 24 °C and a photoperiod of 12 h light (L) : 12 h dark (D) (simulating fall conditions) and at 16 °C and a photoperiod of 10 h L : 14 h D (simulating winter conditions). Males and amphimictic females were the most numerous forms at 24 °C and 12 h L : 12 h D; parthenogenetic females were dominant at 16 °C and 10 h L : 14 h D. Life-table experiments showed that amphimictic forms do not complete development at 16 °C and 10 h L : 14 h D. Our results suggest that sympatry of amphimictic and parthenogenetic females in the field depends on seasonal niche partitioning and the storage effect of resting eggs that allows survival through adverse-season conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A. Martorella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - D. Scudieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P. Menozzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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249
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Davis JS, Castillo DM, Moyle LC. Remating responses are consistent with male postcopulatory manipulation but not reinforcement in D. pseudoobscura. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:507-515. [PMID: 28116047 PMCID: PMC5243186 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement occurs when hybridization between closely related lineages produces low-fitness offspring, prompting selection for elevated reproductive isolation specifically in areas of sympatry. Both premating and postmating prezygotic behaviors have been shown to be the target of reinforcing selection, but it remains unclear whether remating behaviors experience reinforcement, although they can also influence offspring identity and limit formation of hybrids. Here, we evaluated evidence for reinforcing selection on remating behaviors in Drosophila pseudoobscura, by comparing remating traits in females from populations historically allopatric and sympatric with Drosophila persimilis. We found that the propensity to remate was not higher in sympatric females, compared to allopatric females, regardless of whether the first mated male was heterospecific or conspecific. Moreover, remating behavior did not contribute to interspecific reproductive isolation among any population; that is, females showed no higher propensity to remate following a heterospecific first mating than following a conspecific first mating. Instead, we found that females are less likely to remate after initial matings with unfamiliar males, regardless of species identity. This is consistent with one scenario of postmating sexual conflict in which females are poorly defended against postcopulatory manipulation by males with whom they have not coevolved. Our results are generally inconsistent with reinforcement on remating traits and suggest that this behavior might be more strongly shaped by the consequences of local antagonistic male-female interactions than interactions with heterospecifics.
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250
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Berner D, Ammann M, Spencer E, Rüegg A, Lüscher D, Moser D. Sexual isolation promotes divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:401-411. [PMID: 27862535 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Speciation can be initiated by adaptive divergence between populations in ecologically different habitats, but how sexually based reproductive barriers contribute to this process is less well understood. We here test for sexual isolation between ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish residing in adjacent lake and stream habitats in the Lake Constance basin, Central Europe. Mating trials exposing females to pairings of territorial lake and stream males in outdoor mesocosms allowing for natural reproductive behaviour reveal that mating occurs preferentially between partners of the same ecotype. Compared to random mating, this sexual barrier reduces gene flow between the ecotypes by some 36%. This relatively modest strength of sexual isolation is surprising because comparing the males between the two ecotypes shows striking differentiation in traits generally considered relevant to reproductive behaviour (body size, breeding coloration, nest size). Analysing size differences among the individuals in the mating trials further indicates that assortative mating is not related to ecotype differences in body size. Overall, we demonstrate that sexually based reproductive isolation promotes divergence in lake-stream stickleback along with other known reproductive barriers, but we also caution against inferring strong sexual isolation from the observation of strong population divergence in sexually relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Berner
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ammann
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Spencer
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Rüegg
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Lüscher
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Moser
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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