201
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Zhan F, Shen J, Wang R, Wang L, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Huang X. Role of exosomal small RNA in prostate cancer metastasis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4029-4038. [PMID: 30319287 PMCID: PMC6167994 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s170610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. When the disease becomes metastatic, limited treatment strategies exist, and metastatic disease prognoses are difficult to predict. Recently, evidence has emerged, which indicates that small RNAs are detectable in patient fluids, and exosomal small RNA ectopic expression is correlated with the development, progression, and metastasis of human PCa; however, the role of small RNAs in PCa is only partially understood. In this review, we discuss the research status regarding circulating exosomal small RNAs and applications using these small RNAs in PCa particularly looking at metastatic disease. Exosomal small RNAs could be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis, micrometastasis detection, and prognosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China,
| | - Jingling Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ruitao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yao Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China,
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China,
- Center of Translational Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China,
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202
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Zhang D, Lee H, Wang X, Rai A, Groot M, Jin Y. Exosome-Mediated Small RNA Delivery: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Inflammatory Lung Responses. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2119-2130. [PMID: 30005869 PMCID: PMC6127502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are a type of extracellular nanovesicles released from living cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that EXOs are involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including lung conditions. In recent years, the potential of EXO-mediated drug delivery has gained increasing interest. In this report, we investigated whether inhaled EXOs serve as an efficient and practical delivery vehicle to activate or inhibit alveolar macrophages (AMs), subsequently modulating pulmonary immune responses. We first identified the recipient cells of the inhaled EXOs, which were labeled with PKH26. We found that only lung macrophages efficiently take up intratracheally instilled EXOs in vivo. Using modified calcium chloride-mediated transformation, we manipulated small RNA molecules in serum-derived EXOs, including siRNAs, microRNA (miRNA) mimics, and miRNA inhibitors. Via intratracheal instillation, we successfully delivered siRNA and miRNA mimics or inhibitors into lung macrophages using the serum-derived EXOs as vehicles. Furthermore, EXO siRNA or miRNA molecules are functional in modulating LPS-induced lung inflammation in vivo. Beneficially, serum-derived EXOs themselves do not trigger lung immune responses, adding more favorable features to serve as drug delivery agents. Collectively, we developed a novel protocol using serum-derived EXOs to deliver designated small RNA molecules into lung macrophages in vivo, potentially shedding light on future gene therapy of human lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashish Rai
- North Shore Medical Center, Salem Hospital, Boston, MA 01970, USA
| | - Michael Groot
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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203
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Keshavarz M, Dianat-Moghadam H, Sofiani VH, Karimzadeh M, Zargar M, Moghoofei M, Biglari H, Ghorbani S, Nahand JS, Mirzaei H. miRNA-based strategy for modulation of influenza A virus infection. Epigenomics 2018; 10:829-844. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is known worldwide as a threat associated with human and livestock diseases. Hence, identification of physiological and molecular aspects of influenza A could contribute to better design of therapeutic approaches for reducing adverse effects associated with disease caused by this virus. miRNAs are epigenetic regulators playing important roles in many pathological processes that help in progression of influenza A. Besides miRNAs, exosomes have ememrged as other effective players in influenza A pathogenesis. Exosomes exert their effects via targeting their cargos (e.g., DNAs, mRNA, miRNAs and proteins) to recipient cells. Here, we summarized various roles of miRNAs and exosomes in influenza A pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted therapeutic applications of miRNAs and exosomes in influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medicine Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Karimzadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Zargar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Biglari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering & Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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204
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Ottaviani L, Sansonetti M, da Costa Martins PA. Myocardial cell-to-cell communication via microRNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:144-153. [PMID: 30175287 PMCID: PMC6114265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ottaviani
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marida Sansonetti
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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205
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Li SP, Lin ZX, Jiang XY, Yu XY. Exosomal cargo-loading and synthetic exosome-mimics as potential therapeutic tools. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:542-551. [PMID: 29417947 PMCID: PMC5888690 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that serve as mediators for intercellular communication through the delivery of cargo, including protein, lipids, nucleic acids or other cellular components, to neighboring or distant cells. Exosomal cargo may vary in response to different physiological or pathological conditions. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) family has been widely accepted as a key mechanism in biogenesis and cargo sorting. On the other hand, accumulating evidence show that ESCRT-independent pathways exist. Due to the critical role of exosomes in intercellular communications in delivering cargo to recipient cells, exosomes have been investigated as a vector for the delivery of endogenous or exogenous cargo for therapeutic purposes. But the number of exosomes produced by cells is limited, which hampers their application. Synthetic exosome-mimics have been fabricated and investigated as a therapeutic tool for drug delivery. This review focuses on ESCRT-independent regulation of cargo loading into exosomes, including lipid raft and ceramide-mediated mechanisms, and reported exosomes or exosome-mimics with therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-pei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutic Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhong-xiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutic Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xue-yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutic Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xi-yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutic Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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206
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Gangadaran P, Hong CM, Ahn BC. An Update on in Vivo Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Vehicles. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29541030 PMCID: PMC5835830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are currently being considered as promising drug delivery vehicles. EVs are naturally occurring vesicles that exhibit many characteristics favorable to serve as drug delivery vehicles. In addition, EVs have inherent properties for treatment of cancers and other diseases. For research and clinical translation of use of EVs as drug delivery vehicles, in vivo tracking of EVs is essential. The latest molecular imaging techniques enable the tracking of EVs in living animals. However, each molecular imaging technique has its certain advantages and limitations for the in vivo imaging of EVs; therefore, understanding the molecular imaging techniques is essential to select the most appropriate imaging technology to achieve the desired imaging goal. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and the molecular imaging techniques used in visualizing and monitoring EVs in in vivo environments. Furthermore, we provide a perceptual vision of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and in vivo monitoring of EVs using molecular imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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207
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Zhang A, Li D, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang CY. Islet β cell: An endocrine cell secreting miRNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1648-1654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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208
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Li C, Xu MM, Wang K, Adler AJ, Vella AT, Zhou B. Macrophage polarization and meta-inflammation. Transl Res 2018; 191:29-44. [PMID: 29154757 PMCID: PMC5776711 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic overnutrition and obesity induces low-grade inflammation throughout the body. Termed "meta-inflammation," this chronic state of inflammation is mediated by macrophages located within the colon, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. A sentinel orchestrator of immune activity and homeostasis, macrophages adopt variable states of activation as a function of time and environmental cues. Meta-inflammation phenotypically skews these polarization states and has been linked to numerous metabolic disorders. The past decade has revealed several key regulators of macrophage polarization, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription family, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, the CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) family, and the interferon regulatory factors. Recent studies have also suggested that microRNAs and long noncoding RNA influence macrophage polarization. The pathogenic alteration of macrophage polarization in meta-inflammation is regulated by both extracellular and intracellular cues, resulting in distinct secretome profiles. Meta-inflammation-altered macrophage polarization has been linked to insulin insensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. Thus, further mechanistic exploration into the skewing of macrophage polarization promises to have profound impacts on improving global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
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209
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Morty RE. Accepting the challenge: maintaining AJP-Lung as the best place to publish basic and translational studies in lung biology and pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L1-L5. [PMID: 29146576 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00488.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rory E. Morty takes over from Sadis Matalon as Editor in Chief of the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology in January 2018. Here, key achievements and new and noteworthy additions to the editorial portfolio of the journal will be reviewed. Additionally, selected recent reports will be highlighted and used to illustrate how the broad spectrum of the journal's editorial content promotes methodological innovation and scientific advances in lung biology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and the Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg campus of the German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung) , Giessen , Germany
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210
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Cobelli NJ, Leong DJ, Sun HB. Exosomes: biology, therapeutic potential, and emerging role in musculoskeletal repair and regeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1410:57-67. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Cobelli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Daniel J. Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Hui B. Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
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211
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Hu X, Wang Y, Liang H, Fan Q, Zhu R, Cui J, Zhang W, Zen K, Zhang CY, Hou D, Zhou Z, Chen X. miR-23a/b promote tumor growth and suppress apoptosis by targeting PDCD4 in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3059. [PMID: 28981115 PMCID: PMC5680570 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 21-23 nucleotides that play important roles in virtually all biological pathways in mammals and in other multicellular organisms. miR-23a and miR-23b (miR-23a/b) are critical oncomiRs (miRNAs that are associated with human cancers) of gastric cancer, but their detailed roles in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that miR-23a/b were consistently upregulated in gastric cancer tissues. We then investigated the molecular mechanisms through which miR-23a/b contribute to gastric cancer and identified programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) as a direct target gene of miR-23a/b. In contrast to the upregulated expression levels of miR-23a/b, PDCD4 protein levels were dramatically downregulated and inversely correlated with miR-23a/b in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, we observed that cell apoptosis was increased by miR-23a/b inhibitors and decreased by miR-23a/b mimics in gastric cancer cells and that the restoration of PDCD4 expression attenuated the anti-apoptotic effects of miR-23a/b in gastric cancer cells, indicating that PDCD4 is a direct mediator of miR-23a/b functions. Finally, we showed that miR-23a/b significantly suppressed PDCD4 expression and enhanced tumor growth in a gastric cancer xenograft mouse model. Taken together, this study highlights an important role for miR-23a/b as oncomiRs in gastric cancer through the inhibition of PDCD4 translation. These findings may shed new light on the molecular mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis and provide a new avenue for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Department of Lymphoma, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ruichi Zhu
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayi Cui
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Etiology of Heilongjiang Province Education Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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212
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Zhang D, Lee H, Haspel JA, Jin Y. Long noncoding RNA FOXD3-AS1 regulates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via sponging microRNA-150. FASEB J 2017; 31:4472-4481. [PMID: 28655711 PMCID: PMC5602897 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The function of most human long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) remains unclear. Our studies identified a highly up-regulated mammalian lncRNA, FOXD3-AS1, known as linc1623 in mice, in the setting of hyperoxia/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced lung injury. We found that ROS induced a robust expression of FOXD3-AS1 in mouse lung tissue. Functionally, FOXD3-AS1 promoted oxidative stress-induced lung epithelial cell death. In human lung epithelial cells, the microRNA-150 (miR-150) was identified to interact with FOXD3-AS1; this finding was confirmed using the luciferase reporter assays. Consistently, mutation on the miR-150 pairing sequence in FOXD3-AS1 abolished the interactions between FOXD3-AS1 and miR-150. Additionally, miR-150 mimics suppressed the level of FOXD3-AS1. The antisense oligos of FOXD3-AS1 significantly augmented the intracellular level of miR-150, supporting the theory of sponging effects of FOXD3-AS1 on miR-150. We further investigated the cellular function of miR-150 in our lung injury models. MiR-150 conferred a cytoprotective role in lung epithelial cells after oxidative stress, whereas FOXD3-AS1 promoted cell death. Taken together, our studies indicated that FOXD3-AS1 serves as a sponge or as a competing endogenous noncoding RNA for miR-150, restricting its capability to promote cell growth and thereby exaggerating hyperoxia-induced lung epithelial cell death.-Zhang, D., Lee, H., Haspel, J. A., Jin, Y. Long noncoding RNA FOXD3-AS1 regulates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via sponging microRNA-150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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213
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Bei Y, Das S, Rodosthenous RS, Holvoet P, Vanhaverbeke M, Monteiro MC, Monteiro VVS, Radosinska J, Bartekova M, Jansen F, Li Q, Rajasingh J, Xiao J. Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4168-4182. [PMID: 29158817 PMCID: PMC5695004 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bilayer lipid membrane vesicles that can be released by most cell types and detected in most body fluids. EVs exert key functions for intercellular communication via transferring their bioactive cargos to recipient cells or activating signaling pathways in target cells. Increasing evidence has shown the important regulatory effects of EVs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). EVs secreted by cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem cells play essential roles in pathophysiological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte survival and apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and angiogenesis in relation to CVDs. In this review, we will first outline the current knowledge about the physical characteristics, biological contents, and isolation methods of EVs. We will then focus on the functional roles of cardiovascular EVs and their pathophysiological effects in CVDs, as well as summarize the potential of EVs as therapeutic agents and biomarkers for CVDs. Finally, we will discuss the specific application of EVs as a novel drug delivery system and the utility of EVs in the field of regenerative medicine.
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214
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Lee H, Zhang D, Wu J, Otterbein LE, Jin Y. Lung Epithelial Cell-Derived Microvesicles Regulate Macrophage Migration via MicroRNA-17/221-Induced Integrin β 1 Recycling. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:1453-1464. [PMID: 28674181 PMCID: PMC5561736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Robust lung inflammation is one of the prominent features in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Macrophage migration and recruitment are often seen at the early stage of lung inflammatory responses to noxious stimuli. Using an acid inhalation-induced lung injury model, we explored the mechanisms by which acid exposure initiates macrophage recruitment and migration during development of ALI. The lung epithelium comprises a large surface area and functions as a first-line defense against noxious insults. We found that acid exposure induced a remarkable microvesicle (MV) release from lung epithelium as detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Significantly elevated RNA, rather than protein, was found in these epithelium-derived MVs after acid and included several highly elevated microRNAs, including microRNA (miR)-17 and miR-221. Acid-induced epithelial MV release promoted macrophage migration in vitro and recruitment into the lung in vivo and required, in part, MV shuttling of miR-17 and/or miR-221. Mechanistically, acid-induced epithelial MV miR-17/221 promoted β1 integrin recycling and presentation back onto the surface of macrophages, in part via a Rab11-mediated pathway. Integrin β1 is known to play an essential role in regulating macrophage migration. Taken together, acid-induced ALI results in epithelial MV shuttling of miR-17/221 that in turn modulates macrophage β1 integrin recycling, promoting macrophage recruitment and ultimately contributing to lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Jingxuan Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
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215
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Xie JX, Fan X, Drummond CA, Majumder R, Xie Y, Chen T, Liu L, Haller ST, Brewster PS, Dworkin LD, Cooper CJ, Tian J. MicroRNA profiling in kidney disease: Plasma versus plasma-derived exosomes. Gene 2017; 627:1-8. [PMID: 28587849 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have advanced rapidly in recent years for use in diagnostic and prognostic applications. One important aspect of this advancement is the growth in our understanding of microRNA (miRNA) biology. The measurement of miRNAs packaged within exosomes, which are constantly released into the blood stream, may reflect pathological changes within the body. The current study performed miRNA profiling using plasma and plasma-derived exosome samples from two animal models of kidney disease, the 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) and two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) models. The RT-qPCR-based profiling results revealed that the overall miRNA expression level was much higher in plasma than in plasma-derived exosomes. With 200μl of either plasma or exosomes derived from the same volume of plasma, 629 out of 665 total miRNAs analyzed were detectable in plasma samples from sham-operated rats, while only 403 were detectable in exosomes with a cutoff value set at 35cycles. Moreover, the average miRNA expression level in plasma was about 16-fold higher than that in exosomes. We also found a select subset of miRNAs that were enriched within exosomes. The number of detectable miRNAs from plasma-derived exosomes was increased in rats subjected to PNx or 2K1C surgery compared to sham-operated animals. Importantly, we found that the changes of individual miRNAs measured in plasma had very poor concordance with that measured in plasma-derived exosomes in both animal models, suggesting that miRNAs in plasma and plasma-derived exosomes are differentially regulated in these disease conditions. Interestingly, PNx and 2K1C surgeries induced similar changes in miRNA expression, implying that common pathways were activated in these two disease models. Pathway analyses using DIANA-miRPath v3.0 showed that significantly changed exosomal miRNAs were associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction and mucin type-O-glycan synthesis pathways, which are related with tissue fibrosis and kidney injury, respectively. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that due to the differential changes in miRNAs, the measurement of exosomal miRNAs cannot be replaced by the measurement of miRNAs in plasma, or vice versa. We also showed that a set of miRNAs related with kidney injury and organ fibrosis were dysregulated in plasma-derived exosomes from animal models of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey X Xie
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Reetam Majumder
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yanmei Xie
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Tian Chen
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lijun Liu
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Lance D Dworkin
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Jiang Tian
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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216
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Stranford DM, Leonard JN. Delivery of Biomolecules via Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2017; 98:155-175. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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217
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Circulating Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:255-269. [PMID: 28936745 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating exosomes could arrive in distant tissues via blood circulation, thus directly communicating with target cells and rapidly regulating intracellular signalings. Circulating exosomes and exosomal cargos are critically involved in cardiovascular pathophysiology, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Circulating exosomes enriched with various types of biological molecules can be changed not only in the number but also in the composite cargos upon cardiac injury, such as myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and sepsis cardiomyopathy, which may further influence cardiomyocyte function and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, exosome-based therapeutic strategy may be used to attenuate myocardial injury and promote cardiac regeneration and repair. Also, more preclinical and clinical studies would be needed to investigate the potential of circulating exosomes as biomarkers for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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