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Mounika N, Mungase SB, Verma S, Kaur S, Deka UJ, Ghosh TS, Adela R. Inflammatory Protein Signatures as Predictive Disease-Specific Markers for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02035-0. [PMID: 38676759 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, consisting of a broad spectrum of diseases such as simple steatosis (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are considered as contributing factors to NAFLD development and progression. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory protein signatures as predictive disease-specific markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This cross-sectional study included healthy control (n = 64), NAFL (n = 109), and NASH (n = 60) human subjects. Serum concentrations of various cytokines and chemokines were evaluated using sensitive multiplex assays. We used principal component analysis (PCoA) to reveal distinct differences in the levels of cytokines and chemokines between each of the study groups. Further, a random forest classification model was developed to identify the panel of markers that could predict diseases. The protein-protein network analysis was performed to determine the various signaling pathways associated with the disease-specific panel of markers. Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, G-CSF, PDGF-BB, MCP-1, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, RANTES, eotaxin, IL-8 and IP-10 were significantly increased in NASH group as compared to control group. Furthermore, serum concentrations of IL-9 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the NASH group, whereas IL-2 levels were significantly decreased in the NAFL group when compared to the control group. PCoA results demonstrated statistically significant differences in cytokines and chemokines between each of the study groups (PERMANOVA p = 0.001; R2 = 0.102). RANTES, IL-1ra, MIP-1b, IL-2, and G-CSF could differentiate the NAFL group from the controls; G-CSF, IL-1ra, TNF-α, RANTES, and IL-9 could differentiate the NASH group from the controls; and G-CSF, IL-9, IL-13, eotaxin, and TNF- α could differentiate the NASH group from the NAFL group. Our protein-protein network revealed that these markers are involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, TNF, chemokine, JAK/STAT, P13K/Akt, TLR, NOD-like receptor, NF-kB, and adipocytokine signaling pathways which might be responsible for disease pathogenesis. Our study findings revealed a set of distinct cytokine and chemokine markers and they might be considered as biomarkers in distinguishing NASH from NAFL. Future multicentre studies with larger sample size are recommended to determine the potential utility of these panels of markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadella Mounika
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India
| | - Suraj Bhausaheb Mungase
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India
| | - Shivangi Verma
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Science (ILBS), New Delhi-110 070, Vasant Kunj, India
| | - Utpal Jyoti Deka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Downtown Hospital, GS Road, Bormotoria, Guwahati, Assam-781006, India
| | - Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India.
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Franzoni LT, da Motta SB, Carvalho G, Costa RR, Ahner MM, Saffi MAL, Pereira AA, Pereira AH, da Silveira AD, Stein R. Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Biomarkers Responses after Aerobic Training in Heart Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:CCR-EPUB-139511. [PMID: 38571360 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x269909240320061952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise (PE) may improve plasma concentration of interleukin- 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and adiponectin (adpN) in heart transplant (HT) patients. However, no consistent data is available on this population. AIM Thus, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of PE over these pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in HT patients. METHODS Following the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement, we conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. Outcomes included IL-6, TNF-alpha, and adpN. Effect size (ES) was calculated using the standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The PE group (aerobic modality) was associated with reduced IL-6 compared to the control group (ES: -0.53; 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.06 pg/mL; P = 0.026). However, the PE group did not show a significant effect on TNF-alpha and adpN levels (ES: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.79 to 0.13; P = 0.16 and ES: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.70 to 0.30 pg/mL; P = 0.444, respectively). CONCLUSION PE is associated with IL-6 reductions, although TNF alpha and adpN did not change after this intervention in HT patients. Therefore, PE is an effective intervention to downregulate IL-6 in post-HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Tolfo Franzoni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre/Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre/Brazil
| | - Stephanie Bastos da Motta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre/Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre/Brazil
| | - Gabriel Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre/Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre/Brazil
| | - Rochelle Rocha Costa
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre/Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB - Brasília/DF/Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Lumertz Saffi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre/Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre/Brazil
| | - Alexandre Araújo Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre/Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Donelli da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre/Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre/Brazil
| | - Ricardo Stein
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre/Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre/Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre/Brazil
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Li M, Zhou J, Zhang T, Lu J, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Chen H. Updated Progress on Mass Spectrometry Imaging and its Application in Cancer Treatment and Drug Discovery. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:PRA-EPUB-137733. [PMID: 38275033 DOI: 10.2174/0115748928269691231203164021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an imaging method based on mass spectrometry technology that can simultaneously visualize the spatial distribution of various biological molecules. The use of MSI in cancer detection and drug discovery has been extensively investigated in recent years. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the latest advances of MSI and its specific applications in cancer detection and drug discovery, providing a basic understanding of the development and application of MSI in the past five years and offering references for the further application of MSI in cancer detection and drug discovery. METHODS In the database, "mass spectrometry imaging", "cancer treatment", and "drug discovery" were used as keywords for literature retrieval, and the time range was limited to "2018- 2023". After organizing and analyzing the literature and patents, a review was conducted. RESULTS Based on the literature, it was found that the updated progress of MSI in the past five years mostly focused on concrete methods, operation procedures, facilities, and composite applications. The patents of MSI were mainly correlated with the mass spectrometry imaging system and its application in cancer treatment. MSI is conducive to investigating the therapeutic schedule of cancer and searching for new drugs. CONCLUSION MSI is a convenient, fast and powerful technology that has made great progress in sample preparation, instrumentation, quantitation, and multimodal imaging. MSI has emerged as a powerful technique in various biomedical applications, which has strong potential in cancer detection, treatment, formation mechanism research, discovery of biomarkers, and drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Jingyang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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Abreu MAD, de Castro PASV, Moreira FRC, de Oliveira Ferreira H, Simões E Silva AC. Potential Role of Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:491-506. [PMID: 37231748 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230523114331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular Disease is the leading cause of death in adult and pediatric patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and its pathogenesis involves the interaction of multiple pathways. As Inflammatory mechanisms play a critical role in the vascular disease of CKD pediatric patients, there are several biomarkers related to inflammation strongly associated with this comorbidity. OBJECTIVE This review provides available evidence on the link between several biomarkers and the pathophysiology of heart disease in patients with CKD. METHODS The data were obtained independently by the authors, who carried out a comprehensive and non-systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and SciELO databases. The search terms were "Chronic Kidney Disease", "Cardiovascular Disease", "Pediatrics", "Pathophysiology", "Mineral and Bone Disorder (MBD)", "Renin Angiotensin System (RAS)", "Biomarkers", "BNP", "NTproBNP", "CK-MB", "CXCL6", "CXCL16", "Endocan-1 (ESM-1)", "FABP3", "FABP4", h-FABP", "Oncostatin- M (OSM)", "Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)" and "Troponin I". RESULTS The pathogenesis of CKD-mediated cardiovascular disease is linked to inflammatory biomarkers, which play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of cardiovascular disease. There are several biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in pediatric patients, including BNP, NTproBNP, CK-MB, CXCL6, CXCL16, Endocan-1 (ESM-1), FABP3, FABP4, Oncostatin- M (OSM), Placental Growth Factor (PlGF), and Troponin I. CONCLUSION The pathogenesis of CKD-mediated cardiovascular disease is not completely understood, but it is linked to inflammatory biomarkers. Further studies are required to elucidate the pathophysiological and potential role of these novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augusta Duarte Abreu
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Soares Vaz de Castro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rocha Chaves Moreira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique de Oliveira Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bjørklund G, Semenova Y, El-Ansary A, Al-Ayadhi LY. Porphyrinuria in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2023; 31:CMC-EPUB-136413. [PMID: 38031776 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673259183231117073347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies demonstrated that the number of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased remarkably in the past decade. A portion of ASD etiology, however, is attributed to environmental issues and genetic disorders. We highlighted a scoping review to principally evaluate the current information on mercury exposure in ASD children and to reveal knowledge gaps. Elevated porphyrins concentration in the urinary system related to mercury exposure, such as precoproporphyrin (prcP), coproporphyrin (cP), and pentacarboxyporphyrin (5cxP), was shown in comparison with controls. Moreover, high levels of urinary porphyrins have been elevated in response to heavy metal exposure. The related pattern (increased prcP, cP, and 5cxP) with Hg exposure may be used as biomarkers in the characteristics of ASD symptoms. However, this review highlighted the data gaps because the control groups were not genderand age-matched for ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Autism Center, Lotus Holistic Alternative Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laila Y Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Moustafa SR, Al-Hakeim HK, Alhillawi ZH, Maes M. In transfusion-dependent thalassemia children, increased iron overload is associated with lower serum alpha-klotho, which is strongly associated with lower total and ionized calcium concentrations. Curr Mol Med 2022; 23:442-452. [PMID: 35674303 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220607163232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) show disorders in calcium metabolism. The α-klotho protein is predominantly expressed in tissues that are involved in calcium homeostasis, and lowered levels are associated with bone disease. The aim of the study is to examine the associations between low α-klotho status and calcium metabolism in relation to iron status in children with TDT. Methods Calcium, α-klotho, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcyphosin, vitamin D3, phosphorous, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), as well as iron and erythron biomarkers were measured in 60 children with TDT and 30 healthy control children. Results A meaningful part of TDT patients showed lowered α-klotho levels, and those children also showed low serum total and ionized calcium concentrations. TDT patients showed increased PTH, FGFR2, and calcyphosin and lowered vitamin D3 as compared with healthy children. The α-klotho levels were significantly correlated with total and ionized calcium (positively) and with iron overload and transfusions biomarkers (inversely). Partial Least Squares path analysis showed that 40.1% of the variance in serum total calcium could be explained by the regression on α-klotho, vitamin D3 (both positively), and calcyphosin (inversely) and that the effects of the latter are mediated by iron overload and the number of blood transfusions. Conclusion In conclusion, the iron overload in TDT and its consequences may induce lowered levels of α-klotho which in turn may lead to lower calcium thereby explaining at least in part the effects of TDT on bone metabolism including spontaneous pathological fractures, osteoporosis, osteopenia, and skeletal deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Rouf Moustafa
- Clinical Analysis Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Havalan City, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhang H, Zhu G. Predictive Biomarkers and Novel Targets in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:5213-5227. [PMID: 33357191 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666201223124813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urologic malignancies. Partial or radical nephrectomy is the major surgical management for localized RCC, however, almost 30% of patients will develop recurrence and metastasis after surgery. Metastatic RCC (mRCC) is a disease with a very poor prognosis, and the 5-year survival of the mRCC is commonly less than 10%. Unfortunately, mRCC is highly resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. Therefore, mRCC treatment has become a big challenge for researchers as well as clinicians. RCC is characterized as clear genetic background, especially with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene loss or mutation in more than 70% of the cases. Several molecular factors and signaling pathways have been discovered to possess impact on the progression of RCC, including VHL-HIF-VEGF angiogenesis signaling, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related pathways, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which play crucial roles in the growth, invasiveness, metastasis and angiogenesis of RCC. Based on the recent studies of these signaling pathways, some medicines as well as immune check-point inhibitors have been developed, which have shown potential therapeutic effects for mRCC. Therefore, our current review aims to summarize the recent progress of the treatment for mRCC, with a special focus on the strategies to improve the responsiveness of medicines in patients with mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Angelopoulos A, Oikonomou E, Vogiatzi G, Antonopoulos A, Tsalamandris S, Georgakopoulos C, Papanikolaou P, Lazaros G, Charalambous G, Siasos G, Vlachopoulos C, Tousoulis D. MiRNAs as Biomarkers in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Current State of the Art. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:7400-7412. [PMID: 33820510 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210405122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited Cardiomyopathy. The hallmark of HCM is myocardial fibrosis that contributes to heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. OBJECTIVE Currently there are no reliable serum biomarkers for detection of myocardial fibrosis, while cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is an imaging technique to detect myocardial fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly suggested as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. However, in HCM there is as yet no identified and verified specific circulating miRNA signature. METHODS We conducted a review of literature to identify the studies that indicate the possible roles of miRNAs in HCM. RESULTS From studies in transgenic mice with HCM, miR-1, -133 may identify HCM in the early asymptomatic phase. Human miR-29a could be used as a circulating biomarker for detection of both myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in HCM, while it could also have a possible additional role in discrimination of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy from non-obstructive HCM. Additionally, miR-29a-3p is associated with diffuse myocardial fibrosis in HCM while miR-1-3p could discriminate end-stage HCM from dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricle dilation. Another role of miRNAs could also be the contribution in differential diagnosis between HCM and phenocopies. Moreover, miRNA-targeted therapy (miR-133 mimics) is promising in inhibiting cardiac hypertrophy but this is still in the early stages. CONCLUSION A more reliable and specific signature of miRNAs is expected with forthcoming studies in samples from HCM patients and correlation of miRNAs with CMR and serum markers of fibrosis may implicate novel diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Angelopoulos
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Alexios Antonopoulos
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsalamandris
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Christos Georgakopoulos
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papanikolaou
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - George Lazaros
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambous
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- EKKAN (Unit for the athletes and for hereditary cardiovascular diseases), 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
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Wang X, Liu L, Du Q, Sun Z, Yue E, Xue P, Zhao H. Human Saliva Metabolome for Oral Lichen Planus Biomarker Identification. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:417-425. [PMID: 33655848 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210224160120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases. However, the current diagnostic method for OLP has limitations, and sometimes it is easy to be misdiagnosed. Salivary metabolomics may provide new ideas for the diagnosis of OLP. OBJECTIVE To identify the biomarkers for the early detection of OLP. METHODS A non-targeted metabolomic analysis method was established based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS (Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry) to analyze the differential metabolites in saliva samples of patients with OLP and healthy subjects. Saliva samples were collected from 120 OLP patients and 125 healthy subjects. RESULTS A total of 19 differential metabolites were identified, including 6 amino acid metabolites, 2 carnitines, 2 lipid metabolites and 9 other metabolites. The integrated biomarkers were constructed by 3 metabolites according to Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Meanwhile, multiple metabolic pathways were found to be involved in the occurrence and development of OLP. CONCLUSION Metabolomics can be used to characterize the characteristics of metabolic disorders in patients with OLP, which is also helpful to the early diagnosis of OLP and reveal the pathological process of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052. China
| | - Liwei Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052. China
| | - Qiuzheng Du
- School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052. China
| | - Zhi Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052. China
| | - Erli Yue
- Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052. China
| | - Peng Xue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052. China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052. China
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10
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Masato A, Sandre M, Antonini A, Bubacco L. Patients Stratification Strategies to Optimize the Effectiveness of Scavenging Biogenic Aldehydes: Towards a Neuroprotective Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1618-1639. [PMID: 33535956 PMCID: PMC8977628 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210203162617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with a multi-factorial pathology. Various molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of PD, converging to oxidative stress and proteinopathy. The accumulation of reactive aldehydes (i.e., the dopamine metabolite DOPAL, lipid-peroxidation products, and advanced glycation end-products) has been reported in PD patients’ brains. Aldehydes easily react with primary amines such as lysine residues, which are involved in several regulatory processes in cells. Therefore, aldehyde adducts lead to severe consequences, including neuronal proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. In this review, we analyzed the scavenging role of amines toward toxic aldehydes in the brain. Interestingly, small molecules like metformin, rasagiline, hydralazine are already clinically available and used in the therapy for PD and other diseases. Hence, we propose to reevaluate this class of drugs as a disease-modifiers for PD, and we suggest that improved analysis of their pharmacology and bioavailability in the brain, together with a more precise patients stratification, should be considered before planning future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova. Italy.,Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova. Italy
| | - Michele Sandre
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova. Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova. Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova. Italy
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11
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Bibi N, Hupp T, Kamal MA, Rashid S. Elucidation of PLK1 Linked Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer Cell Lines: A Step Towards Novel Signaling Pathways by p53 and PLK1-Linked Functions Crosstalk. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:340-358. [PMID: 32875973 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999200901201837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophgeal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is the most frequent cause of cancer death. POLO-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed in broad spectrum of tumors and has prognostic value in many cancers including esophageal cancer, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. p53, the guardian of genome is the most important tumor suppressors that represses the promoter of PLK1, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 are arrested in mitosis due to DNA damage. PLK1 expression has been linked to the elevated p53 expression and has been shown to act as a biomarker that predicts poor prognosis in OAC. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was identification of PLK1 associated phosphorylation targets in p53 mutant and p53 normal cells to explore the downstream signaling evets. METHODS Here we develop a proof-of-concept phospho-proteomics approach to identify possible biomarkers that can be used to identify mutant p53 or wild-type p53 pathways. We treated PLK1 asynchronously followed by mass spectrometry data analysis. Protein networking and motif analysis tools were used to identify the significant clusters and potential biomarkers. RESULTS We investigated approximately 1300 potential PLK1-dependent phosphopeptides by LCMS/ MS. In total, 2216 and 1155 high confidence phosphosites were identified in CP-A (p53+) and OE33 (p53-) cell lines owing to PLK1 inhibition. Further clustering and motif assessment uncovered many significant biomarkers with known and novel link to PLK1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study suggests that PLK1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in human OAC. The data highlight the efficacy and specificity of small molecule PLK1 kinase inhibitors to identify novel signaling pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ted Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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12
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Perrone S, Cremonini I, Marinelli F, Monaco S, Nicoletti L, Giordano M, Esposito S. New Strategies for Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosis and Prevention in Newborns. Curr Pediatr Rev 2021; 17:191-200. [PMID: 33902422 DOI: 10.2174/1573396317666210426102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis is one of the most frequent and severe gastrointestinal diseases that affect preterm newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. It was firstly described in 1960s, but this clinical entity was not widely recognized until the advent of modern neonatal intensive care. The disease is characterized by submucosal edema, infiltration of intestinal wall by immune cells, specifically neutrophils and, in severe forms, wall necrosis that leads to intestinal perforation. Its incidence is inversely associated to birth weight and gestational age. Necrotizing enterocolitis has been responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality (15-30%), despite improvements made in neonatal care in the last decades. The challenge is to optimize strategies for early diagnosis, define the best medical and surgical treatments and standardize preventive measures. Several biomarkers have been proposed for the early prediction of necrotizing enterocolitis onset in preterm newborns and can be useful not only for diagnostic purposes but also for prediction of disease progression and severity. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the most recent evidence regarding the diagnosis and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. This manuscript contributes to clinical decision-making in preterm neonates at high risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina Perrone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Monaco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Nicoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giordano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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13
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Dhote V, Samundre P, Ganeshpurkar A, Upaganlawar A. Aging of Brain Related with Mitochondrial Dysfunctions. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 22:1668-1687. [PMID: 33302830 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201209202247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age presents a major challenge for the elderly population in terms of quality of life. The risk of cognitive impairment, motor in-coordination, and behavioral inconsistency due to neuronal damage is relatively higher in aging individuals of society. The brain, through its structural and functional integrity, regulates vital physiological events; however, the susceptibility of the brain to aging-related disturbances signals the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunctions impair bioenergetic mechanism, synaptic plasticity, and calcium homeostasis in the brain, thus sufficiently implying mitochondria as a prime causal factor in accelerating aging-related neurodegeneration. We have reviewed the fundamental functions of mitochondria in a healthy brain and aimed to address the key issues in aging-related diseases by asking: 1) What goes wrong with mitochondria in the aging brain? 2) What are the implications of mitochondrial damage on motor functions and psychiatric symptoms? 3) How environmental chemicals and metabolic morbidities affect mitochondrial functions? Further, we share insights on opportunities and pitfalls in drug discovery approaches targeting mitochondria to slow down the progression of aging and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Dhote
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Department of Pharmacology, Bhopal, India
| | - Prem Samundre
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Department of Pharmacology, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Aman Upaganlawar
- SNJBs SSDJ College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad. Dist: Nashik: 423 101, SNJBs; SSDJ College of Pharmacy, Maharashtra 423101, India
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14
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Roomruangwong C, Maes M. Biomarker Validation of a New Case Definition of Menstrual Cycle-Associated Syndrome (MCAS) Opinion Paper. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:105-111. [PMID: 32998680 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200930095149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are different case definitions of premenstrual syndrome, one proposed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and another based on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) scores. Here we review our recent findings indicating that the gold-standard methods to assess PMS, including ACOG, provide a high degree of false-negative findings. We propose a new case definition of the Menstrual Cycle-Associated Syndrome (MCAS), which is characterized by increased DRSP scores during the menstrual cycle and symptom that increases the week prior to the menses. The MCAS case definition was externally validated by diverse biomarkers including plasma levels of progesterone and estradiol, chemokines (e.g. CCL2, CCL5 and CCL11), epidermal growth factor, hydroperoxides, paraoxonase 1 activity and complement C4. These biomarkers as well as IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria are significantly associated with the DRSP and its subdomains including depression, anxiety, and physiosomatic symptoms(fatigue, pain). In conclusion, we propose, a) to use the MCAS diagnosis as an indicant of menstrual cycle-related symptoms; and b) to examine the associations of the time series in the DRSP and its subdomains and those in biomarkers including distributed lag models. Aberrations in the uterine-chemokine-brain-axis underpin the pathophysiology of MCAS whereby suboptimal pre-ovulatory follicular development coupled with a relative corpus luteum insufficiency may drive increased chemokine production, lowered antioxidant defenses, neuro-oxidative stress pathways, and increased bacterial translocation. As such, we have delineated new drug targets for the treatment of MCAS. This opinion paper reviews new possible treatments that should be trialed in MCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Roomruangwong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a potential non-invasive substitute for real-time tissue biopsy. Moreover, detection of CTCs in breast cancer patients has been reported as a strong prognostic factor. Biomarkers on CTCs have been analysed and correlated to tissue biopsies from breast cancer patients. Discordance in expression of potential biomarkers between primary tumor, metastatic sites and CTCs has been observed. Potential analytical confounding factors include lack of analytical consistency, varying sensitivities and specificities of used assays and differences in analytical ranges among various reported studies. Besides, clonal evolution within primary tumor (and metastatic sites) that leads to intratumor heterogeneity must be accounted for. Nevertheless, several on-going trials are exploring CTCs detection and biomarker profiling in view of personalising cancer treatment based on these real-time results. In this work, we will review CTCs in breast cancer patients and focus on identification of novel prognostic biomarkers.
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16
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Cai X, Chen Z, Chen J, Ma X, Bai M, Wang T, Chen X, Wu D, Wei L, Li X, Lin Q, Wen J, Ruan D, Lin Z, Dong M, Wu X. Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Overall Survival of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients without Receiving Standard Anti-Cancer Therapies. J Cancer 2018; 9:189-197. [PMID: 29290785 PMCID: PMC5743727 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio (ALB/ALP ratio, AAPR), a newly developed index of liver function, has been rarely discussed about its prognostic value in malignancies. The current study attempted to evaluate the prognostic prediction of AAPR in advanced HCC. Methods 237 advanced HCC patients who refused any standard anti-cancer therapies were retrospectively analyzed. The threshold value of AAPR was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariate analyses using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression model were conducted. Comparisons of ROC curves and likelihood ratio test (LRT) were utilized to compare the value of different factors in predicting survival. Results ROC curve analysis confirmed 0.38 as the optimal cutoff value of AAPR in evaluating overall survival (OS). Patients with an AAPR > 0.38 exhibited significantly lower frequencies of ascites, portal vein tumor thrombus, Child-Pugh grade B & C, and KPS < 70 (all P < 0.05). These patients also displayed a longer median survival time than those with an AAPR ≤ 0.38 (5.8 m vs 2.4 m, P < 0.01). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified AAPR as an independent prognostic indicator (HR = 0.592, P = 0.007). Furthermore, we integrated AAPR with TNM system and found that area under curve of AAPR-TNM system was significantly larger than that of TNM system when predicting 3-month survival (0.670 vs 0.611, P < 0.01). Moreover, LRT indicated that AAPR-TNM system had a significantly larger χ2 (26.4 vs 16.4, P < 0.01) and a significantly smaller Akaike information criterion value (1936 vs 1948, P < 0.01) comparing with TNM system. Conclusions Our study implied that AAPR was a potentially valuable prognostic index for advanced HCC patients without receiving any standard anti-cancer therapies. AAPR-TNM system preceded TNM system in predicting overall survival in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Bai
- Department of Intervention and Radiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Qu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyun Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexiao Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
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17
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Talotta R, Bongiovanni S, Letizia T, Rigamonti F, Atzeni F, Benucci M, Vago T, Sarzi-Puttini P. The role of klotho in systemic sclerosis. Reumatismo 2017; 69:156-163. [PMID: 29320841 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2017.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the role of klotho in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), through the measurement of its serum concentration in SSc patients compared to healthy controls, and to assess the association with cutaneous and visceral involvement. Blood samples obtained from both SSc patients and healthy controls were analysed by an ELISA assay for the detection of human klotho. SSc patients were globally evaluated for disease activity and assessed through the modified Rodnan's Skin Score, Medsger's scale, pulmonary function tests, 2D-echocardiography, nailfold capillaroscopy and laboratory tests. Our cohort consisted of 69 SSc patients (61 females, mean age 64.5±12.5 years, median disease duration 9.0 (IQR 8) years) and 77 healthy controls (28 females, mean age 49.7±10.2 years). In the group of SSc patients, 19 (27.5%) suffered from a diffuse form of SSc. All patients were receiving IV prostanoids, and some of them were concomitantly treated with immunosuppressive drugs (prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, mofetil mycophenolate, methotrexate, cyclosporin A and azathioprine). The median serum concentration of klotho was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (0.23 ng/mL vs 0.60 ng/mL; p<0.001). However, Spearman's test showed no significant association between klotho serum levels and disease activity, concerning either clinical, laboratory or instrumental findings. Our data show a significant deficit of klotho in SSc patients although any significant association was detected between klotho serum concentration and the clinical, laboratory or instrumental features of the disease. However, due to the limits of the study, further investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Talotta
- Department of Rheumatology, Luigi Sacco University-Hospital, Milan.
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Bei Y, Das S, Rodosthenous RS, Holvoet P, Vanhaverbeke M, Monteiro MC, Monteiro VVS, Radosinska J, Bartekova M, Jansen F, Li Q, Rajasingh J, Xiao J. Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4168-4182. [PMID: 29158817 PMCID: PMC5695004 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bilayer lipid membrane vesicles that can be released by most cell types and detected in most body fluids. EVs exert key functions for intercellular communication via transferring their bioactive cargos to recipient cells or activating signaling pathways in target cells. Increasing evidence has shown the important regulatory effects of EVs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). EVs secreted by cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem cells play essential roles in pathophysiological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte survival and apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and angiogenesis in relation to CVDs. In this review, we will first outline the current knowledge about the physical characteristics, biological contents, and isolation methods of EVs. We will then focus on the functional roles of cardiovascular EVs and their pathophysiological effects in CVDs, as well as summarize the potential of EVs as therapeutic agents and biomarkers for CVDs. Finally, we will discuss the specific application of EVs as a novel drug delivery system and the utility of EVs in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Madi A, Fisher D, Maughan TS, Colley JP, Meade AM, Tejpar S, Van den Bosch B, Maynard J, Humphreys V, Wasan H, Adams RA, Idziaszczyk S, Harris R, Kaplan RS, Cheadle JP. Comprehensive pharmacogenetic profiling of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway for biomarkers of response to, and toxicity from, cetuximab. J Med Genet 2017; 54:567-571. [PMID: 28283541 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) intracellular signalling pathways predict non-response to cetuximab in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC). We hypothesised that common germline variants within these pathways may also play similar roles. METHODS We analysed 54 potentially functional, common, inherited EGFR pathway variants in 815 patients with aCRC treated with oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy plus cetuximab. Primary endpoints were response and skin rash (SR). We had >85% power to detect ORs=1.6 for variants with minor allele frequencies >20%. RESULTS We identified five potential biomarkers for response and four for SR, although none remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Our initial data supported a role for Ser313Pro in PIK3R2 in modulating response to cetuximab-in patients with KRAS wild-type CRCs, 36.4% with one allele encoding proline responded, as compared with 71.2% homozygous for allele encoding serine (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.56, p=0.0014), and this association was predictive for cetuximab (pinteraction=0.017); however, independent replication failed to validate this association. No previously proposed predictive biomarkers were validated. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need to validate potential pharmacogenetic biomarkers. We did not find strong evidence for common germline biomarkers of cetuximab response and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Madi
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Timothy S Maughan
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - James P Colley
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Laboratory of Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Van den Bosch
- Laboratory of Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Maynard
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vikki Humphreys
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Harpreet Wasan
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard A Adams
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shelley Idziaszczyk
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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Yang Z, Xie L, Han L, Qu X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, He Z, Wang Y, Li J. Circular RNAs: Regulators of Cancer-Related Signaling Pathways and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Human Cancers. Theranostics 2017; 7:3106-3117. [PMID: 28839467 PMCID: PMC5566109 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are newly discovered endogenous non-coding RNAs featuring structural stability, high abundance, and tissue-specific expression. CircRNAs are prevalent and conserved in mammalian cells. They are involved in cellular processes and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level by interacting with microRNAs (miRNAs) and other molecules. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs play an important role in the progression of various human diseases including atherosclerosis, nervous system disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the advances on endogenous circRNAs in eukaryotic cells and elucidate their diagnostic and prognostic significance in human cancers. Especially, we highlight the involvement of circRNAs in signal transduction pathways as well as their clinical potential to serve as biomarkers.
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21
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Li M, Zhang W, Zhang S, Wang C, Lin Y. PART1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and tumor recurrence in stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:1795-1800. [PMID: 28819376 PMCID: PMC5556642 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated as effective markers for cancer detection and prognosis prediction. The aim of this study was to determine whether tissue PART1 could be used as a biomarker for prognosis prediction of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: PART1 expression was detected in 208 cases of stage I-III NSCLC specimens and adjacent normal tissues. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to analyze the association between PART1 expression and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the patients. Results: It was found that the expression of PART1 was significantly up-regulated in 73.1% (152/208) stage I-III NSCLC specimens compared with adjacent normal tissues. High tissue PART1 expression was associated with shorter OS and could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in stage I-III NSCLC patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.18-3.78, P = 0.012). In addition, high tissue PART1 expression indicated poor DFS in stage I-III NSCLC patients (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.37-2.76, P < 0.001). Conclusions: PART1 may prove to be a promising biomarker for prediction of survival and tumor recurrence in stage I-III NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shenjun Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yinping Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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22
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Zhao LJ, Yu RJ, Ma W, Han HX, Tian H, Qian RC, Long YT. Sensitive detection of protein biomarkers using silver nanoparticles enhanced immunofluorescence assay. Theranostics 2017; 7:876-883. [PMID: 28382160 PMCID: PMC5381250 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of biomarkers is extremely important for the early diagnosis of diseases. Here, we developed an easy and highly sensitive fluorescence detection system for the determination of biomarkers by combining the rapid separation of magnetic beads and silver nanoparticles labeled antibodies. An ultrasensitive silver ions fluorescence probe 3', 6'-bis (diethylamino)-2-(2-iodoethyl) spiro[isoindoline-1, 9'-xanthen]-3-one (Ag+-FP) was applied to immunoassay. A significant signal amplification was achieved as the AgNPs can be dissolved by H2O2 and generate numerous Ag+, which would turn "on" the fluorescence of Ag+-FP. Using α-fetoprotein (AFP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as target analytes, good linear responses were obtained from 0.1 to 10 ng mL-1 and the limits of detection (LOD) were as low as 70 pg·mL-1 and 30 pg·mL-1, respectively. In addition, the developed system was further evaluated for the detection of real samples including 30 positive serum specimens obtained from hepatocarcinoma patients and 20 negative serum samples, and performs as well as the commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLI) method with less cost and more convenience. Thus, the designed detection system can be used as a promising platform for the detection of a variety of biomarkers and served as a powerful tool in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Jia Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Xing Han
- Translational Medicine Center, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P. R. China
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Peng F, He J, Loo JFC, Yao J, Shi L, Liu C, Zhao C, Xie W, Shao Y, Kong SK, Gu D. Identification of microRNAs in Throat Swab as the Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Influenza. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:77-84. [PMID: 26917988 PMCID: PMC4747873 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a serious worldwide disease that captures global attention in the past few years after outbreaks. The recent discoveries of microRNA (miRNA) and its unique expression profile in influenza patients have offered a new method for early influenza diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of miRNAs for the diagnosis of influenza. METHODS Thirteen selected miRNAs were investigated with the hosts' throat swabs (25 H1N1, 20 H3N2, 20 influenza B and 21 healthy controls) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using U6 snRNA as endogenous control for normalization, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve/Area under curve (AUC) for analysis. RESULTS miR-29a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-34c-3p and miR-181a-5p are useful biomarkers for influenza A detection; and miR-30c-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-449b-5p for influenza B detection. Also, use of both miR-30c-5p and miR-34c-3p (AUC=0.879); and miR-30c-5p and miR-449b-5p (AUC=0.901) are better than using one miRNA to confirm influenza A and influenza B infection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Given its simplicity, non-invasiveness and specificity, we found that the throat swab-derived miRNAs miR-29a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-449b-5p are a useful tool for influenza diagnosis on influenza A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- 1. Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianan He
- 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jacky Fong Chuen Loo
- 3. Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingyu Yao
- 4. Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunzhong Zhao
- 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- 5. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Sciences & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonghong Shao
- 6. College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siu Kai Kong
- 3. Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- 1. Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
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Walker AS, Johnson EK, Maykel JA, Stojadinovic A, Nissan A, Brucher B, Champagne BJ, Steele SR. Future directions for the early detection of colorectal cancer recurrence. J Cancer 2014; 5:272-80. [PMID: 24790655 PMCID: PMC3982040 DOI: 10.7150/jca.8871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection remains a mainstay of treatment and is highly effective for localized colorectal cancer. However, ~30-40% of patients develop recurrence following surgery and 40-50% of recurrences are apparent within the first few years after initial surgical resection. Several variables factor into the ultimate outcome of these patients, including the extent of disease, tumor biology, and patient co-morbidities. Additionally, the time from initial treatment to the development of recurrence is strongly associated with overall survival, particularly in patients who recur within one year of their surgical resection. Current post-resection surveillance strategies involve physical examination, laboratory, endoscopic and imaging studies utilizing various high and low-intensity protocols. Ultimately, the goal is to detect recurrence as early as possible, and ideally in the asymptomatic localized phase, to allow initiation of treatment that may still result in cure. While current strategies have been effective, several efforts are evolving to improve our ability to identify recurrent disease at its earliest phase. Our aim with this article is to briefly review the options available and, more importantly, examine emerging and future options to assist in the early detection of colon and rectal cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery S Walker
- 1. Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Fitzsimmons Dr., Fort Lewis, WA, USA
| | - Eric K Johnson
- 1. Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Fitzsimmons Dr., Fort Lewis, WA, USA
| | - Justin A Maykel
- 2. University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alex Stojadinovic
- 3. Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aviram Nissan
- 4. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Bradley J Champagne
- 6. University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott R Steele
- 1. Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Fitzsimmons Dr., Fort Lewis, WA, USA
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25
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Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have been studied as potential biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury. However, the relationship between levels of individual BAs and specific forms of liver injury remains to be fully understood. Thus, we set out to evaluate cholic acid (CA), glycocholic acid (GCA), and taurocholic acid (TCA) as potential biomarkers of liver injury in rodent toxicity studies. We have developed a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay applicable to rat and mouse serum and evaluated levels of the individual BAs in comparison with the classical biomarkers of hepatotoxicity (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total BAs) and histopathology findings in animals treated with model toxicants. The pattern of changes in the individual BAs varied with different forms of liver injury. Animals with histopathologic signs of hepatocellular necrosis showed increases in all 3 BAs tested, as well as increases in ALT, AST, GLDH, and total BAs. Animals with histopathologic signs of bile duct hyperplasia (BDH) displayed increases in only conjugated BAs (GCA and TCA), a pattern not observed with the other toxicants. Because BDH is detectable only via histopathology, our results indicate the potential diagnostic value of examining individual BAs levels in serum as biomarkers capable of differentiating specific forms of liver injury in rodent toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Luo
- * Biomarkers of Drug Safety Research and Development and
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26
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that have been shown to regulate the expression of genes linked to cancer. The relevance of microRNAs in the development, progression and prognosis of prostate cancer is not fully understood. It is also possible that these specific molecules may assist in the recognition of aggressive tumors and the development of new molecular targets. Our study investigated the importance of several microRNAs in cases of prostate cancer from 37 patients that were manually microdissected to obtain pure populations of tumor cells, normal epithelium and adjacent stroma. MicroRNA was extracted for PCR array profiling. Differentially expressed miRNAs for each case were used to compare tumor vs. normal epithelium and tumor-adjacent stroma samples. Loss of 18 miRNAs (e.g.miR-34c, miR-29b, miR-212 and miR-10b) and upregulation of miR-143 and miR-146b were significantly found in all the tumors in comparison with normal epithelium and/or stroma (p≤ 0.001). A different signature was found in the high grade tumors (Gleason score ≥ 8) when compared with tumors Gleason score 6. Upregulation of miR-122, miR-335, miR-184, miR-193, miR-34, miR-138, miR-373, miR-9, miR-198, miR-144 and miR-215 and downregulation of miR-96, miR-222, miR-148, miR-92, miR-27, miR-125, miR-126, miR-27 were found in the high grade tumors. MicroRNA profiling in prostate cancer appears to have unique expression patterns in comparison with normal tissue. These differential expressed miRNAs may provide novel diagnostic and prognostic tools that will assist in the recognition of prostate cancers with aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Walter
- 1. Translational Surgical Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
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27
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Lee SE, Young-Woong C, Mo HH, Son J, Park K, Cho K. Endosulfan-induced biomarkers in Japanese rice fish (Oryzias latipes) analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:343-9. [PMID: 23630446 PMCID: PMC3638289 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to find and validate estrogen-related biomarkers from plasma proteins in Oryzias latipes after exposure to an estrogen disrupting compound, α-endosulfan. The acute toxicity of α-endosulfan on O. latipes after 96 h of exposure was 13.72, 16.18, and 22.18 μg L(-1) for the LC10, LC20, and LC50 values, respectively. To confirm estrogenic disturbance by α-endosulfan, the expression level of vitellogenin in the liver of male fishes was measured at the LC10 value, and it was found to be significantly different from the reference group, confirming the estrogenic effect of endosulfan in this concentration range. Proteinchip® array techniques using a weak cation exchange (CM10) and a strong anion exchange proteinchip (Q10) in conjunction with surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) were used to determine plasma proteins of O. latipes differently expressed in response to endosulfan exposure at LC10 and LC20 concentrations. Analysis of protein profiling of the male fish exposed to α-endosulfan detected 48 significantly different protein peaks and the proteins at m/z 2819, 8462, 8860, and 9462 were significantly different (p<0.05). The protein peaks at m/z 2819, 8860, and 9462 were up-regulated and the peak at m/z 8462 was down-regulated. Therefore, these four differentially expressed proteins could be used as biomarkers to rapidly determine a possible risk of endosulfan on aquatic ecosystems, although these are not necessarily produced as a result of endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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28
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van den Berg M, Denison MS, Birnbaum LS, Devito MJ, Fiedler H, Falandysz J, Rose M, Schrenk D, Safe S, Tohyama C, Tritscher A, Tysklind M, Peterson RE. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls: inclusion in the toxicity equivalency factor concept for dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Sci 2013; 133:197-208. [PMID: 23492812 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2011, a joint World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) expert consultation took place, during which the possible inclusion of brominated analogues of the dioxin-like compounds in the WHO Toxicity Equivalency Factor (TEF) scheme was evaluated. The expert panel concluded that polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), dibenzofurans (PBDFs), and some dioxin-like biphenyls (dl-PBBs) may contribute significantly in daily human background exposure to the total dioxin toxic equivalencies (TEQs). These compounds are also commonly found in the aquatic environment. Available data for fish toxicity were evaluated for possible inclusion in the WHO-UNEP TEF scheme (van den Berg et al., 1998). Because of the limited database, it was decided not to derive specific WHO-UNEP TEFs for fish, but for ecotoxicological risk assessment, the use of specific relative effect potencies (REPs) from fish embryo assays is recommended. Based on the limited mammalian REP database for these brominated compounds, it was concluded that sufficient differentiation from the present TEF values of the chlorinated analogues (van den Berg et al., 2006) was not possible. However, the REPs for PBDDs, PBDFs, and non-ortho dl-PBBs in mammals closely follow those of the chlorinated analogues, at least within one order of magnitude. Therefore, the use of similar interim TEF values for brominated and chlorinated congeners for human risk assessment is recommended, pending more detailed information in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences-IRAS and WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Alternative splicing is a key molecular mechanism for increasing the functional diversity of the eukaryotic proteomes. A large body of experimental data implicates aberrant splicing in various human diseases, including cancer. Both mutations in cis-acting splicing elements and alterations in the expression and/or activity of splicing regulatory factors drastically affect the splicing profile of many cancer-associated genes. In addition, the splicing profile of several cancer-associated genes is altered in particular types of cancer arguing for a direct role of specific splicing isoforms in tumor progression. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying aberrant splicing in cancer may prove crucial to understand how splicing machinery is controlled and integrated with other cellular processes, in particular transcription and signaling pathways. Moreover, the characterization of splicing deregulation in cancer will lead to a better comprehension of malignant transformation. Cancer-associated alternative splicing variants may be new tools for the diagnosis and classification of cancers and could be the targets for innovative therapeutical interventions based on highly selective splicing correction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ghigna
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207. 27100 Pavia, Italy
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