201
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King J, Mir H, Singh S. Association of Cytokines and Chemokines in Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:113-136. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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202
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Tuccitto A, Beretta V, Rini F, Castelli C, Perego M. Melanoma Stem Cell Sphere Formation Assay. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2233. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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203
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Rabionet M, Puig T, Ciurana J. Electrospinning Parameters Selection to Manufacture Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Three-dimensional Breast Cancer Cell Culture and Enrichment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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204
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Vakilian A, Khorramdelazad H, Heidari P, Sheikh Rezaei Z, Hassanshahi G. CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway in glioblastoma multiforme. Neurochem Int 2016; 103:1-7. [PMID: 28025034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is described as one of the most frequent primary brain tumors. These types of malignancies constitute only 15% of all primary brain tumors. Despite, extensive developments on effective therapeutic methods during the 20th century as well as the first decade of the present century (21st), the median survival rate for patients suffering from GBM is only approximately 15 months, even in response to multi-modal therapy. numerous types of reticuloendothelial system cells such as macrophages and microglial cells occupied within both GBM and also normal surrounding tissues. These immune cells acquire an otherwise activated phenotype with potent tumor-tropic functions that contribute to the glioma growth and invasion. The CC chemokine, CCL2 (previously named MCP-1) is of the most important CC chemokines family member involving in regulation of oriented migration and penetrative infiltration of mainly reticuloendothelial system cells specifically monocyte/macrophage phenotypes. Fundamental parts are played by CCL2 and its related receptor (the CCR2) in brain tumors and obviously in migration of monocytes from the bloodstream through the vascular endothelium. Therefore, CCL2/CCR2 axis is required for the routine immunological surveillance of tissues, in accordance with response to inflammation. Briefly, in this review, we have tried our best to collect the latest, straightened and summarize literature reports exist within data base regarding the interaction between microglia/macrophages and CCL2/CCR2 axis in GBM. We aimed to discuss potential application of this chemokine/receptor interaction axis for the expansion of future anti-glioma therapies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Vakilian
- Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Heidari
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikh Rezaei
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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205
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Lacalle RA, Blanco R, Carmona-Rodríguez L, Martín-Leal A, Mira E, Mañes S. Chemokine Receptor Signaling and the Hallmarks of Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 331:181-244. [PMID: 28325212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that mediate their activity by acting on seven-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptors. Both the ability of the chemokines and their receptors to form homo- and heterodimers and the promiscuity of the chemokine-chemokine receptor interaction endow this protein family with enormous signaling plasticity and complexity that are not fully understood at present. Chemokines were initially identified as essential regulators of homeostatic and inflammatory trafficking of innate and adaptive leucocytes from lymphoid organs to tissues. Chemokines also mediate the host response to cancer. Nevertheless, chemokine function in this response is not limited to regulating leucocyte infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. It is now known that chemokines and their receptors influence most-if not all-hallmark processes of cancer; they act on both neoplastic and untransformed cells in the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells (blood and lymphatic), bone marrow-derived stem cells, and, obviously, infiltrating leucocytes. This review begins with an overview of chemokine and chemokine receptor structure, to better define how chemokines affect the proliferation, survival, stemness, and metastatic potential of neoplastic cells. We also examine the main mechanisms by which chemokines regulate tumor angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration, emphasizing the pro- and antitumorigenic activity of this protein superfamily in these interrelated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lacalle
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Blanco
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Martín-Leal
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Mira
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Mañes
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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206
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Chan TS, Hsu CC, Pai VC, Liao WY, Huang SS, Tan KT, Yen CJ, Hsu SC, Chen WY, Shan YS, Li CR, Lee MT, Jiang KY, Chu JM, Lien GS, Weaver VM, Tsai KK. Metronomic chemotherapy prevents therapy-induced stromal activation and induction of tumor-initiating cells. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2967-2988. [PMID: 27881732 PMCID: PMC5154935 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chan et al. report that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with low-dose metronomic chemotherapy prevents stromal secretion of ELR+ chemokines and induction of tumor-initiating cells usually observed with administration of drugs at maximum tolerated dose. Although traditional chemotherapy kills a fraction of tumor cells, it also activates the stroma and can promote the growth and survival of residual cancer cells to foster tumor recurrence and metastasis. Accordingly, overcoming the host response induced by chemotherapy could substantially improve therapeutic outcome and patient survival. In this study, resistance to treatment and metastasis has been attributed to expansion of stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Molecular analysis of the tumor stroma in neoadjuvant chemotherapy–treated human desmoplastic cancers and orthotopic tumor xenografts revealed that traditional maximum-tolerated dose chemotherapy, regardless of the agents used, induces persistent STAT-1 and NF-κB activity in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. This induction results in the expression and secretion of ELR motif–positive (ELR+) chemokines, which signal through CXCR-2 on carcinoma cells to trigger their phenotypic conversion into TICs and promote their invasive behaviors, leading to paradoxical tumor aggression after therapy. In contrast, the same overall dose administered as a low-dose metronomic chemotherapy regimen largely prevented therapy-induced stromal ELR+ chemokine paracrine signaling, thus enhancing treatment response and extending survival of mice carrying desmoplastic cancers. These experiments illustrate the importance of stroma in cancer therapy and how its impact on treatment resistance could be tempered by altering the dosing schedule of systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Sian Chan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Vincent C Pai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Liao
- Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Shenq-Shyang Huang
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Tong Tan
- Department of Surgery, Tung's Metro-harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rong Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Michael T Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Kun Shan University, Tainan 71003, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Jiang
- Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Mei Chu
- Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Gi-Shih Lien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Anatomy, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kelvin K Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan .,Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
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207
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Xu J, Lin H, Li G, Sun Y, Shi L, Ma WL, Chen J, Cai X, Chang C. Sorafenib with ASC-J9 ® synergistically suppresses the HCC progression via altering the pSTAT3-CCL2/Bcl2 signals. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:705-717. [PMID: 27668844 PMCID: PMC5215679 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib is currently used as a standard treatment to suppress the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in advanced stages. However, patients who receive Sorafenib treatment eventually develop resistance without clear mechanisms. There is a great need for better efficacy of Sorafenib treatment in combination with other therapies. Here, we demonstrated that the treatment combining Sorafenib with ASC‐J9® could synergistically suppress HCC progression via altering cell‐cycle regulation, apoptosis and invasion. Mechanism dissection suggests that while Sorafenib impacts little or even slightly increases the activated/phosphorylated STAT3 (p‐STAT3), a key stimulator to promote the HCC progression, adding ASC‐J9® significantly suppresses the p‐STAT3 expression and its downstream genes including CCL2 and Bcl2. Interrupting these signals via constitutively active STAT3 partially reverses the synergistic suppression of Sorafenib‐ASC‐J9® combination on HCC progression. In vivo studies further confirmed the synergistic effect of Sorafenib‐ASC‐J9® combination. Together, these results suggest the newly developed Sorafenib‐ASC‐J9® combination is a novel therapy to better suppress HCC progression. What's new? Sorafenib is currently a standard treatment to suppress the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). STAT3 activation may however play a role in the development of Sorafenib resistance. Following earlier studies suggesting that ASC‐J9® may alter activated p‐STAT3 signals to suppress prostate cancer metastasis, here the authors found that combining Sorafenib with ASC‐J9® may synergistically suppress HCC progression. Sorafenib had little impact on p‐STAT3, whereas ASC‐J9® significantly suppressed p‐STAT3 expression and its downstream genes, including CCL2 and Bcl2. Clinical studies using human HCC samples also demonstrated that higher expression of p‐STAT3 might be linked to the lower response to Sorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xu
- Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Departments of General Surgery and Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hui Lin
- Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Departments of General Surgery and Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Departments of General Surgery and Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Departments of General Surgery and Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiang Chen
- Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Departments of General Surgery and Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Departments of General Surgery and Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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208
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Jia D, Tan Y, Liu H, Ooi S, Li L, Wright K, Bennett S, Addison CL, Wang L. Cardamonin reduces chemotherapy-enriched breast cancer stem-like cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:771-85. [PMID: 26506421 PMCID: PMC4808032 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of cytotoxic chemotherapy in breast cancers has been closely associated with the presence of drug resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, screening for small molecules that selectively inhibit growth of CSCs may offer great promise for cancer control, particularly in combination with chemotherapy. In this report, we provide the first demonstration that cardamonin, a small molecule, selectively inhibits breast CSCs that have been enriched by chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, cardamonin also sufficiently prevents the enrichment of CSCs when simultaneously used with chemotherapeutic drugs. Specifically, cardamonin effectively abolishes chemotherapeutic drug-induced up-regulation of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 and activation of NF-κB/IKBα and Stat3. Furthermore, in a xenograft mouse model, co-administration of cardamonin and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin significantly retards tumor growth and simultaneously decreases CSC pools in vivo. Since cardamonin has been found in some herbs, this work suggests a potential new approach for the effective treatment of breast CSCs by administration of cardamonin either concurrent with or after chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyong Jia
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yuan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sarah Ooi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kathryn Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Steffany Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Christina L Addison
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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209
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Heterogeneity of Cancer Stem Cells: Rationale for Targeting the Stem Cell Niche. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:276-289. [PMID: 27751894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignancy is fuelled by distinct subsets of stem-like cells which persist under treatment and provoke drug-resistant recurrence. Eradication of these cancer stem cells has therefore become a prime objective for the development and design of novel classes of anti-cancer therapeutics with improved clinical efficacy. Here, we portray potentially clinically-relevant hallmarks of cancer stem cells and focus on their recently appreciated properties of cell variability and plasticity, both of which make them elusive targets for cancer therapies. We reason that this 'disguise in heterogeneity' has fundamental implications for clinical management and elaborate on rational strategies to combat this diversity and target a broad range of tumorigenic cells. We propose exploitation of cancer stem cell niche dependence as a promising approach to interfere with various, rather than few, cancer stem cell subsets and suggest cancer-associated fibroblasts as a prime microenvironmental target for tumor stemness-depleting intervention.
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210
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Ping YF, Zhang X, Bian XW. Cancer stem cells and their vascular niche: Do they benefit from each other? Cancer Lett 2016; 380:561-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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211
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Velaei K, Samadi N, Barazvan B, Soleimani Rad J. Tumor microenvironment-mediated chemoresistance in breast cancer. Breast 2016; 30:92-100. [PMID: 27668856 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance or tumor relapse in cancer is common. Tumors develop resistance to chemotherapeutic through a variety of mechanisms, with tumor microenvironment (TM) serving pivotal roles. Using breast cancer as a paradigm, we propose that responses of cancer cells to drugs are not exclusively determined by their intrinsic characteristics but are also controlled by deriving signals from TM. Affected microenvironment by chemotherapy is an avenue to promote phenotype which tends to resist on to be ruined. Therefore, exclusively targeting cancer cells does not demolish tumor recurrence after chemotherapy. Regardless of tumor-microenvironment pathways and their profound influence on the responsiveness of treatment, diversity of molecular properties of breast cancer also behave differently in terms of response to chemotherapy. And also it is assumed that there is cross-talk between phenotypic diversity and TM. Collectively, raising complex signal from TM in chemotherapy condition often encourages cancer cells are not killed but strengthen. Here, we summarized how TM modifies responses to chemotherapy in breast cancer. We also discussed successful treatment strategies have been considered TM in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Balal Barazvan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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212
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Shen H, Yu X, Yang F, Zhang Z, Shen J, Sun J, Choksi S, Jitkaew S, Shu Y. Reprogramming of Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts by miRNAs-Mediated CCL2/VEGFA Signaling. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006244. [PMID: 27541266 PMCID: PMC4991802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most common constituent of the tumor stoma, are known to promote tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. However, the mechanism of how cancer cells transform normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs is largely unknown. In this study, we determined the contribution of miRNAs in the transformation of NFs into CAFs. We found that miR-1 and miR-206 were down-regulated, whereas miR-31 was up-regulated in lung CAFs when compared with matched NFs. Importantly, modifying the expression of these three deregulated miRNAs induced a functional conversion of NFs into CAFs and vice versa. When the miRNA-reprogrammed NFs and CAFs were co-cultured with lung cancer cells (LCCs), a similar pattern of cytokine expression profiling were observed between two groups. Using a combination of cytokine expression profiling and miRNAs algorithms, we identified VEGFA/CCL2 and FOXO3a as direct targets of miR-1, miR-206 and miR-31, respectively. Importantly, systemic delivery of anti-VEGFA/CCL2 or pre-miR-1, pre-miR-206 and anti-miR-31 significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis, TAMs accumulation, tumor growth and lung metastasis. Our results show that miRNAs-mediated FOXO3a/VEGF/CCL2 signaling plays a prominent role in LCCs-mediated NFs into CAFs, which may have clinical implications for providing novel biomarker(s) and potential therapeutic target(s) of lung cancer in the future. During tumorigenesis, normal fibroblasts (NFs) within the tumor stroma acquire a modified phenotype and become cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs provide oncogenic signals to facilitate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Here, we set out to determine the factors that mediate the conversion of NFs into CAFs, focusing on miRNAs and secreted factors. Down-regulation of miR-1 and miR-206 and upregulation of miR-31 were found in CAFs derived from human lung cancer compared to paired NFs. Dysregulation of miR-1, miR-206 and miR-31 expression promotes the conversion of NFs into CAFs through regulating VEGFA, CCL2 and FOXO3a expression. In addition, down-regulation of miR-1 and miR-206 and up-regulation of miR-31 has been observed in lung cancer patient plasma. More importantly, we demonstrated that systemic delivery of anti-VEGFA/CCL2 or pre-miR-1, pre-miR-206 and anti-miR-31 dramatically decreased tumor angiogenesis, TAMs accumulation, tumor growth and lung metastasis. In conclusion, our data showed that miRNAs-mediated FOXO3a/VEGF/CCL2 signaling plays a prominent role in transforming NFs into CAFs, thus providing further support for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengming Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianxin Shen
- Department of Clinical Laborotory, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Swati Choksi
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Siriporn Jitkaew
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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213
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Fang WB, Yao M, Brummer G, Acevedo D, Alhakamy N, Berkland C, Cheng N. Targeted gene silencing of CCL2 inhibits triple negative breast cancer progression by blocking cancer stem cell renewal and M2 macrophage recruitment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:49349-49367. [PMID: 27283985 PMCID: PMC5226513 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers are an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Her2 expression. Triple negative breast cancers are non-responsive to conventional anti-hormonal and Her2 targeted therapies, making it necessary to identify new molecular targets for therapy. The chemokine CCL2 is overexpressed in invasive breast cancers, and regulates breast cancer progression through multiple mechanisms. With few approaches to target CCL2 activity, its value as a therapeutic target is unclear. In these studies, we developed a novel gene silencing approach that involves complexing siRNAs to TAT cell penetrating peptides (Ca-TAT) through non-covalent calcium cross-linking. Ca-TAT/siRNA complexes penetrated 3D collagen cultures of breast cancer cells and inhibited CCL2 expression more effectively than conventional antibody neutralization. Ca-TAT/siRNA complexes targeting CCL2 were delivered to mice bearing MDA-MB-231 breast tumor xenografts. In vivo CCL2 gene silencing inhibited primary tumor growth and metastasis, associated with a reduction in cancer stem cell renewal and recruitment of M2 macrophages. These studies are the first to demonstrate that targeting CCL2 expression in vivo may be a viable therapeutic approach to treating triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bin Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Gage Brummer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Diana Acevedo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nabil Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Nikki Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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214
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Liu J, Chen S, Wang W, Ning BF, Chen F, Shen W, Ding J, Chen W, Xie WF, Zhang X. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through chemokine-activated hedgehog and TGF-β pathways. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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215
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Al-Howail HA, Hakami HA, Al-Otaibi B, Al-Mazrou A, Daghestani MH, Al-Jammaz I, Al-Khalaf HH, Aboussekhra A. PAC down-regulates estrogen receptor alpha and suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:540. [PMID: 27465411 PMCID: PMC4964287 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive histological subtype with limited treatment options and very poor prognosis following progression after standard chemotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, novel molecules and therapeutic options are urgently needed for this category of patients. Recently, we have identified PAC as a curcumin analogue with potent anti-cancer features. Methods HPLC was used to evaluate the stability of PAC and curcumin in PBS and also in circulating blood. Cytotoxicity/apoptosis was assessed in different breast cancer cell lines using propidium iodide/annexinV associated with flow cytometry. Furthermore, immunoblotting analysis determined the effects of PAC on different oncogenic proteins and pathways. Additionally, the real time xCELLigence RTCA technology was applied to investigate the effect of PAC on the cellular proliferation, migration and invasion capacities. Results PAC is more stable than curcumin in PBS and in circulating blood. Furthermore, we have shown differential sensitivity of estrogen receptor-alfa positive (ERα+) and estrogen receptor alfa negative (ERα−) breast cancer cells to PAC, which down-regulated ERα in both cell types. This led to complete disappearance of ERα in ERα− cells, which express very low level of this receptor. Interestingly, specific down-regulation of ERα in receptor positive cells increased the apoptotic response of these cells to PAC, confirming that ERα inhibits PAC-dependent induction of apoptosis, which could be mediated through ERα down-regulation. Additionally, PAC inhibited the proliferation and suppressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process in breast cancer cells, with higher efficiency on the TNBC subtype. This effect was also observed in vivo on tumor xenografts. Additionally, PAC suppressed the expression/secretion of 2 important cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1, and consequently inhibited the paracrine procarcinogenic effects of breast cancer cells on breast stromal fibroblasts. Conclusion These results indicate that PAC could be considered as important candidate for future therapeutic options against the devastating TNBC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda A Al-Howail
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC # 03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana A Hakami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC # 03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Present Address: McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basem Al-Otaibi
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Al-Mazrou
- Stem Cell Therapy Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H Daghestani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Jammaz
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda H Al-Khalaf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC # 03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,The National Center for Genomics Research, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC # 03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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216
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Carnero A, Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Lorente J, Rubio IT, LLeonart ME. The cancer stem-cell signaling network and resistance to therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 49:25-36. [PMID: 27434881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has shown that tumors are driven by a subpopulation of self-renewing CSCs that retain the capacity to engender the various differentiated cell populations that form tumors. The characterization of CSCs has indicated that CSCs are remarkably resistant to conventional radio- and chemo-therapy. Clinically, the remaining populations of CSC are responsible for metastasis and recurrence in patients with cancer, which can lead to the disease becoming chronic and incurable. Therefore, the elimination of CSCs is an important goal of cancer treatments. Furthermore, CSCs are subject to strong regulation by the surrounding microenvironment, which also impacts tumor responses. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which pathways that are defective in CSCs influence ultimately therapeutic and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), Molecular Biology of Cancer Group, Oncohematology and Genetic Department, Campus HUVR, Edificio IBIS, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n. 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Y Garcia-Mayea
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Translational Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mir
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Translational Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lorente
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Translational Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I T Rubio
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Oncologia (VHIO), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Breast Surgical Oncology Unit, Breast Cancer Center, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M E LLeonart
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Translational Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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217
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Tuccitto A, Tazzari M, Beretta V, Rini F, Miranda C, Greco A, Santinami M, Patuzzo R, Vergani B, Villa A, Manenti G, Cleris L, Giardiello D, Alison M, Rivoltini L, Castelli C, Perego M. Immunomodulatory Factors Control the Fate of Melanoma Tumor Initiating Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2449-2460. [PMID: 27301067 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor for which recent evidence supports a model of dynamic stemness. Melanoma cells might temporally acquire tumor-initiating properties or switch from a status of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) to a more differentiated one depending on the tumor context. However, factors driving these functional changes are still unknown. We focused on the role of cyto/chemokines in shaping TICs isolated directly from tumor specimens of two melanoma patients, namely Me14346S and Me15888S. We analyzed the secretion profile of TICs and of their corresponding melanoma differentiated cells and we tested the ability of cyto/chemokines to influence TIC self-renewal and differentiation. We found that TICs, grown in vitro as melanospheres, had a complex secretory profile as compared to their differentiated counterparts. Some factors, such as CCL-2 and IL-8, also produced by adherent melanoma cells and melanocytes did not influence TIC properties. Conversely, IL-6, released by differentiated cells, reduced TIC self-renewal and induced TIC differentiation while IL-10, produced by Me15888S, strongly promoted TIC self-renewal through paracrine/autocrine actions. Complete neutralization of IL-10 activity by gene silencing and antibody-mediated blocking of the IL-10Rα was required to sensitize Me15888S to IL-6-induced differentiation. For the first time these results show that functional heterogeneity of melanoma could be directly influenced by inflammatory and suppressive soluble factors, with IL-6 favoring TIC differentiation, and IL-10 supporting TIC self-renewal. Thus, understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) role in modulating melanoma TIC phenotype is fundamental to identifying novel therapeutic targets to achieve long-lasting regression of metastatic melanoma. Stem Cells 2016;34:2449-2460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tuccitto
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Tazzari
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Beretta
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Miranda
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Molecular Mechanism Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Greco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Molecular Mechanism Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Santinami
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Patuzzo
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- Consorzio MIA (Microscopy and Image Analysis), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonello Villa
- Consorzio MIA (Microscopy and Image Analysis), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Cleris
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Giardiello
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Malcolm Alison
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Castelli
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Michela Perego
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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218
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Li K, Kang H, Wang Y, Hai T, Rong G, Sun H. Letrozole-induced functional changes in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and their influence on breast cancer cell biology. Med Oncol 2016; 33:64. [PMID: 27235140 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) influence the efficacy of endocrine therapy. Aromatase inhibitors inhibit the growth of breast tumors by inhibiting the synthesis of estrogen. However, it remains unknown whether the aromatase inhibitor letrozole has an additional impact on CAFs, which further influence the efficacy of endocrine therapy. Primary CAFs were isolated from primary estrogen receptor-positive human breast tumors. Estrogen-deprived culture medium was used to exclude the influence of steroids. In co-culture, primary cultured CAFs increased MCF7 cell adhesion, invasion, migration and proliferation, and letrozole treatment inhibited these increases, except for the increase in proliferation. In total, 258 up-regulated genes and 47 down-regulated genes with an absolute fold change >2 were identified in CAFs co-cultured with MCF7 cell after letrozole treatment. One up-regulated genes (POSTN) and seven down-regulated genes (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1, IL-8, CXCL5, LEP and NGF) were further validated by real-time PCR. The changes in CCL2 and CXCL1 expression were further confirmed using an automated microscopic imaging-based, high content analysis platform. Although the results need further functional validation, this study is the first to describe the differential tumor-promoting phenotype of CAFs induced by letrozole and the associated gene expression alterations. Most importantly, our data revealed that down-regulation of several secreted factors (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1 etc.) in CAFs might be partially responsible for the efficacy of letrozole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Hai
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Rong
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichen Sun
- Surgery Lab, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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219
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Nassar D, Blanpain C. Cancer Stem Cells: Basic Concepts and Therapeutic Implications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:47-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Nassar
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium;
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium;
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
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220
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Yang X, Lin Y, Shi Y, Li B, Liu W, Yin W, Dang Y, Chu Y, Fan J, He R. FAP Promotes Immunosuppression by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment via STAT3-CCL2 Signaling. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4124-35. [PMID: 27216177 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are components of the tumor microenvironment whose contributions to malignant progression are not fully understood. Here, we show that the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) triggers induction of a CAF subset with an inflammatory phenotype directed by STAT3 activation and inflammation-associated expression signature marked by CCL2 upregulation. Enforcing FAP expression in normal fibroblasts was sufficient to endow them with an inflammatory phenotype similar to FAP(+)CAFs. We identified FAP as a persistent activator of fibroblastic STAT3 through a uPAR-dependent FAK-Src-JAK2 signaling pathway. In a murine liver tumor model, we found that FAP(+)CAFs were a major source of CCL2 and that fibroblastic STAT3-CCL2 signaling in this setting promoted tumor growth by enhancing recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The CCL2 receptor CCR2 was expressed on circulating MDSCs in tumor-bearing subjects and FAP(+)CAF-mediated tumor promotion and MDSC recruitment was abrogated in Ccr2-deficient mice. Clinically, we observed a positive correlation between stromal expression of FAP, p-STAT3, and CCL2 in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a highly aggressive liver cancer with dense desmoplastic stroma, where elevated levels of stromal FAP predicted a poor survival outcome. Taken together, our results showed how FAP-STAT3-CCL2 signaling in CAFs was sufficient to program an inflammatory component of the tumor microenvironment, which may have particular significance in desmoplasia-associated cancers. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4124-35. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Yang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Yuli Lin
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingji Li
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Weiren Liu
- Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Jia Fan
- Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Medical College and Fudan University, Shanghai.
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221
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Chanmee T, Ontong P, Itano N. Hyaluronan: A modulator of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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222
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Arabzadeh A, Dupaul-Chicoine J, Breton V, Haftchenary S, Yumeen S, Turbide C, Saleh M, McGregor K, Greenwood CMT, Akavia UD, Blumberg RS, Gunning PT, Beauchemin N. Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 long isoform modulates malignancy of poorly differentiated colon cancer cells. Gut 2016; 65:821-9. [PMID: 25666195 PMCID: PMC4826327 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nearly 20%-29% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) succumb to liver or lung metastasis and there is a dire need for novel targets to improve the survival of patients with metastasis. The long isoform of the Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1-L or CC1-L) is a key regulator of immune surveillance in primary CRC, but its role in metastasis remains largely unexplored. We have examined how CC1-L expression impacts on colon cancer liver metastasis. DESIGN Murine MC38 transfected with CC1-L were evaluated in vitro for proliferation, migration and invasion, and for in vivo experimental liver metastasis. Using shRNA silencing or pharmacological inhibition, we delineated the role in liver metastasis of Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2 (CCL2) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) downstream of CC1-L. We further assessed the clinical relevance of these findings in a cohort of patients with CRC. RESULTS MC38-CC1-L-expressing cells exhibited significantly reduced in vivo liver metastasis and displayed decreased CCL2 chemokine secretion and reduced STAT3 activity. Down-modulation of CCL2 expression and pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 activity in MC38 cells led to reduced cell invasion capacity and decreased liver metastasis. The clinical relevance of our findings is illustrated by the fact that high CC1 expression in patients with CRC combined with some inflammation-regulated and STAT3-regulated genes correlate with improved 10-year survival. CONCLUSIONS CC1-L regulates inflammation and STAT3 signalling and contributes to the maintenance of a less-invasive CRC metastatic phenotype of poorly differentiated carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Arabzadeh
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Breton
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sina Haftchenary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Yumeen
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claire Turbide
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Complex Trait Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin McGregor
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uri David Akavia
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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223
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Codony-Servat J, Rosell R. Cancer stem cells and immunoresistance: clinical implications and solutions. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 4:689-703. [PMID: 26798578 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells can be contained, but not eliminated, by traditional cancer therapies. A cell minor subpopulation is able to evade attack from therapies and may have cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics, including self-renewal, multiple differentiation and tumor initiation (tumor initiating cells, or TICs). Thus, CSCs/TICs, aided by the microenvironment, produce more differentiated, metastatic cancer cells which the immune system detects and interacts with. There are three phases to this process: elimination, equilibrium and escape. In the elimination phase the immune system recognizes and destroys most of the tumor cells. Then the latency phase begins, consisting of equilibrium between immunological elimination and tumor cell growth. Finally, a minor attack-resistant subpopulation escapes and forms a clinically detectable tumor mass. Herein we review current knowledge of immunological characterization of CSCs/TICs. Due to the correlation between CTCs/TICs and drug resistance and metastasis, we also comment on the crucial role of key molecules involved in controlling CSCs/TICs properties; such molecules are essential to detect and destroy CSCs/TICs. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody constructs and vaccines have been designed to act against CSCs/TICs, with demonstrated efficacy in human cancer xenografts and some antitumor activity in human clinical studies. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that selectively target CSCs/TICs warrant further investigation. Better understanding of the interaction between CSCs and tumor immunology may help to identify strategies to eradicate the minor subpopulation that escapes conventional therapy attack, thus providing a solution to the problem of drug resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Codony-Servat
- 1 Pangaea Biotech S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; 3 Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 4 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- 1 Pangaea Biotech S.L., Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; 3 Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 4 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
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224
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Yoshimura T, Imamichi T, Weiss JM, Sato M, Li L, Matsukawa A, Wang JM. Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins in Macrophages via the Production of Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor by Breast Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:2. [PMID: 26834744 PMCID: PMC4718995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer. We previously reported that in 4T1 murine breast cancer, non-tumor stromal cells, including macrophages, were the major source of MCP-1. In the present study, we analyzed the potential mechanisms by which MCP-1 is upregulated in macrophages infiltrating 4T1 tumors. We found that cell-free culture supernatants of 4T1 cells (4T1-sup) markedly upregulated MCP-1 production by peritoneal inflammatory macrophages. 4T1-sup also upregulated other MCPs, such as MCP-3/CCL7 and MCP-5/CCL12, but modestly upregulated neutrophil chemotactic chemokines, such as KC/CXCL1 or MIP-2/CXCL2. Physicochemical analysis indicated that an approximately 20-30 kDa 4T1 cell product was responsible for the capacity of 4T1-sup to upregulate MCP-1 expression by macrophages. A neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), but not macrophage CSF, almost completely abrogated MCP-1-inducing activity of 4T1-sup, and recombinant GM-CSF potently upregulated MCP-1 production by macrophages. The expression levels of GM-CSF in 4T1 tumors in vivo were higher than other tumors, such as Lewis lung carcinoma. Treatment of mice with anti-GM-CSF antibody significantly reduced the growth of 4T1 tumors at the injection sites but did not reduce MCP-1 production or lung metastasis in tumor-bearing mice. These results indicate that 4T1 cells have the capacity to directly upregulate MCP-1 production by macrophages by releasing GM-CSF; however, other mechanisms are also involved in increased MCP-1 levels in the 4T1 tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Yoshimura
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Weiss
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Miwa Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Liangzhu Li
- Engineering Research Center for Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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225
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Picon-Ruiz M, Pan C, Drews-Elger K, Jang K, Besser AH, Zhao D, Morata-Tarifa C, Kim M, Ince TA, Azzam DJ, Wander SA, Wang B, Ergonul B, Datar RH, Cote RJ, Howard GA, El-Ashry D, Torné-Poyatos P, Marchal JA, Slingerland JM. Interactions between Adipocytes and Breast Cancer Cells Stimulate Cytokine Production and Drive Src/Sox2/miR-302b-Mediated Malignant Progression. Cancer Res 2016; 76:491-504. [PMID: 26744520 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Consequences of the obesity epidemic on cancer morbidity and mortality are not fully appreciated. Obesity is a risk factor for many cancers, but the mechanisms by which it contributes to cancer development and patient outcome have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we examined the effects of coculturing human-derived adipocytes with established and primary breast cancer cells on tumorigenic potential. We found that the interaction between adipocytes and cancer cells increased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Prolonged culture of cancer cells with adipocytes or cytokines increased the proportion of mammosphere-forming cells and of cells expressing stem-like markers in vitro. Furthermore, contact with immature adipocytes increased the abundance of cancer cells with tumor-forming and metastatic potential in vivo. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that cancer cells cultured with immature adipocytes or cytokines activated Src, thus promoting Sox2, c-Myc, and Nanog upregulation. Moreover, Sox2-dependent induction of miR-302b further stimulated cMYC and SOX2 expression and potentiated the cytokine-induced cancer stem cell-like properties. Finally, we found that Src inhibitors decreased cytokine production after coculture, indicating that Src is not only activated by adipocyte or cytokine exposures, but is also required to sustain cytokine induction. These data support a model in which cancer cell invasion into local fat would establish feed-forward loops to activate Src, maintain proinflammatory cytokine production, and increase tumor-initiating cell abundance and metastatic progression. Collectively, our findings reveal new insights underlying increased breast cancer mortality in obese individuals and provide a novel preclinical rationale to test the efficacy of Src inhibitors for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Picon-Ruiz
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Chendong Pan
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Katherine Drews-Elger
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kibeom Jang
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexandra H Besser
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Donald and Sheila Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dekuang Zhao
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Donald and Sheila Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cynthia Morata-Tarifa
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Minsoon Kim
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Tan A Ince
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Diana J Azzam
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Seth A Wander
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Donald and Sheila Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bin Wang
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Burcu Ergonul
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ram H Datar
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Biomedical Nanoscience Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Richard J Cote
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Biomedical Nanoscience Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Guy A Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida. Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Pablo Torné-Poyatos
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Department of Surgery, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Department of Mammary Pathology, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Donald and Sheila Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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226
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Whom to blame for metastasis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition or the tumor microenvironment? Cancer Lett 2016; 380:359-68. [PMID: 26791236 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can trigger the activation of otherwise non-malignant cells to become highly aggressive and motile. This is evident during initial tumor growth when the poor vascularization in tumors generates hypoxic regions that trigger the latent embryonic program, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in epithelial carcinoma cells (e-cars) leading to highly motile mesenchymal-like carcinoma cells (m-cars), which also acquire cancer stem cell properties. After that, specific bidirectional interactions take place between m-cars and the cellular components of TME at different stages of metastasis. These interactions include several vicious positive feedback loops in which m-cars trigger a phenotypic switch, causing normal stromal cells to become pro-tumorigenic, which then further promote the survival, motility, and proliferation of m-cars. Accordingly, there is not a single culprit accounting for metastasis. Instead both m-cars and the TME dynamically interact, evolve and promote metastasis. In this review, we discuss the current status of the known interactions between m-cars and the TME during different stages of metastasis and how these interactions promote the metastatic activity of highly malignant m-cars by promoting their invasive mesenchymal phenotype and CSC properties.
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227
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Analysis of kinetic curve and model-based perfusion parameters on dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in breast cancer patients: Correlations with dominant stroma type. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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228
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Wculek SK, Malanchi I. Neutrophils support lung colonization of metastasis-initiating breast cancer cells. Nature 2015; 528:413-7. [PMID: 26649828 PMCID: PMC4700594 DOI: 10.1038/nature16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in the development of drugs that efficiently target cancer cells, treatments for metastatic tumours are often ineffective. The now well-established dependency of cancer cells on their microenvironment suggests that targeting the non-cancer-cell component of the tumour might form a basis for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. However, the as-yet poorly characterized contribution of host responses during tumour growth and metastatic progression represents a limitation to exploiting this approach. Here we identify neutrophils as the main component and driver of metastatic establishment within the (pre-)metastatic lung microenvironment in mouse breast cancer models. Neutrophils have a fundamental role in inflammatory responses and their contribution to tumorigenesis is still controversial. Using various strategies to block neutrophil recruitment to the pre-metastatic site, we demonstrate that neutrophils specifically support metastatic initiation. Importantly, we find that neutrophil-derived leukotrienes aid the colonization of distant tissues by selectively expanding the sub-pool of cancer cells that retain high tumorigenic potential. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the leukotriene-generating enzyme arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) abrogates neutrophil pro-metastatic activity and consequently reduces metastasis. Our results reveal the efficacy of using targeted therapy against a specific tumour microenvironment component and indicate that neutrophil Alox5 inhibition may limit metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K. Wculek
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincolns Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincolns Inn Fields, WC2A 3LY London, UK
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincolns Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincolns Inn Fields, WC2A 3LY London, UK
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229
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Li N, Qin J, Lan L, Zhang H, Liu F, Wu Z, Ni H, Wang Y. PTEN inhibits macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 through CCL2 and VEGF-A reduction and NHERF-1 synergism. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:297-306. [PMID: 25756512 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2014.1002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN has been studied in several tumor models as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we explored the role of PTEN in the inhibition state of polarized M2 subtype of macrophage in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the underlying mechanisms. To elucidate the potential effect in TME, RAW 264.7 macrophages and 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells were co-cultured to reconstruct tumor microenvironment. After PTEN was down-regulated with shRNA, the expression of CCL2 and VEGF-A, which are definited to promote the formation of M2 macrophages, have a dramatically increase on the level of both gene and protein in co-cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages. And at the same time, NHERF-1 (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulating factor-1), another tumor suppressor has a similar tendency to PTEN. Q-PCR and WB results suggested that PTEN and NHERF-1 were consistent with one another no matter at mRNA or protein level when exposed to the same stimulus. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence techniques confirmed that PTEN and NHERF-1 were coprecipitated, and NHERF-1 protein expression was properly reduced with rCCL2 effect. In addition, cell immunofluorescence images revealed a profound transferance, in co-cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages, an up-regulation of NHERF-1 could promote the PTEN marked expression on the cell membrane, and this form for the interaction was not negligible. These observations illustrate PTEN with a certain synergy of NHERF-1, as well as down-regulation of CCL2 suppressing M2 macrophage transformation pathway. The results suggest that the activation of PTEN and NHERF-1 may impede the evolution of macrophages beyond the M1 into M2 phenotype in tumor microenvironment.
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Key Words
- CAFs, cancer associated fibroblasts
- CCL2
- CM, complete medium
- CXCL, the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
- CXCR3, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- NHERF-1
- NHERF-1, Na+/H+ exchanger regulating factor1
- PTEN
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog deletedon chromosome 10
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- TAM
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TSN, tumor culture supernatant
- co-culture
- transformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- a School of Medicine ; Nankai University ; Tianjin , China
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230
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Owusu BY, Vaid M, Kaler P, Klampfer L. Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Stromal Fibroblasts and Macrophages in Colon Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2015; 7:29-37. [PMID: 26568685 PMCID: PMC4631158 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s25247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer development and malignant progression are driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells and by factors from the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells become reliant on the activity of specific oncogenes and on prosurvival and proliferative signals they receive from the abnormal environment they create and reside in. Accordingly, the response to anticancer therapy is determined by genetic and epigenetic changes that are intrinsic to tumor cells and by the factors present in the tumor microenvironment. Recent advances in the understanding of the involvement of the tumor microenvironment in tumor progression and therapeutic response are optimizing the application of prognostic and predictive factors in colon cancer. Moreover, new targets in the tumor microenvironment that are amenable to therapeutic intervention have been identified. Because stromal cells are with rare exceptions genetically stable, the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a preferred target for therapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss the role of stromal fibroblasts and macrophages in colon cancer progression and in the response of colon cancer patients to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Owusu
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mudit Vaid
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pawan Kaler
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
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231
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Paracrine tumor signaling induces transdifferentiation of surrounding fibroblasts. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 97:303-11. [PMID: 26467073 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth stimuli in cancer growth resemble those exhibited in wound healing. However, the process of nemosis is absent in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which remain constitutively active. CAFs are present in almost all solid tumors but are most abundant in breast, prostate and pancreatic cancers. TGF-β1, TGF-β2, PDGF, IL-6, bFGF, reactive oxide species and protein kinase C are considered the key players in tumor-induced transdifferentiation of surrounding fibroblasts. Full-extent transdifferentiation was obtained only when the medium contained TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 (with or without other factors), whereas PDGF, bFGF or IL-6 (each alone) induced only partial transdifferentiation. Recent evidence suggests that the fibroblasts associated with primary cancers differ from those associated with metastases. The metastases-associated fibroblasts are converted by a metastasis-specific spectrum of factors. A large portion of paracrine tumor signaling is mediated by cancer cell-derived vesicles termed exosomes and microvesicles. The cancer cell-derived exosomes contain abundant and diverse proteomes and a number of signaling factors (TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, IL-6, MMP2 and MMP9), particularly under hypoxic conditions. In contrast to the traditional view, the clonal expansion and selection of neoplastic cells should not be viewed outside the host body context. It is vital for a neoplastic cell to achieve the ability to re-program host body cells into CAFs and by this influence to modulate its microenvironment and receive positive feedback for growth and drug resistance. Neoplastic cells, which fail to develop such capacity, do not pass critical barriers in tumorigenesis and remain dormant and benign.
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232
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Peña CG, Nakada Y, Saatcioglu HD, Aloisio GM, Cuevas I, Zhang S, Miller DS, Lea JS, Wong KK, DeBerardinis RJ, Amelio AL, Brekken RA, Castrillon DH. LKB1 loss promotes endometrial cancer progression via CCL2-dependent macrophage recruitment. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4063-76. [PMID: 26413869 DOI: 10.1172/jci82152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women. For most patients in whom the disease is confined to the uterus, treatment results in successful remission; however, there are no curative treatments for tumors that have progressed beyond the uterus. The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 has been identified as a potent suppressor of uterine cancer, but the biological modes of action of LKB1 in this context remain incompletely understood. Here, we have shown that LKB1 suppresses tumor progression by altering gene expression in the tumor microenvironment. We determined that LKB1 inactivation results in abnormal, cell-autonomous production of the inflammatory cytokine chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) within tumors, which leads to increased recruitment of macrophages with prominent tumor-promoting activities. Inactivation of Ccl2 in an Lkb1-driven mouse model of endometrial cancer slowed tumor progression and increased survival. In human primary endometrial cancers, loss of LKB1 protein was strongly associated with increased CCL2 expression by tumor cells as well as increased macrophage density in the tumor microenvironment. These data demonstrate that CCL2 is a potent effector of LKB1 loss in endometrial cancer, creating potential avenues for therapeutic opportunities.
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233
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Wang J, Zhuang ZG, Xu SF, He Q, Shao YG, Ji M, Yang L, Bao W. Expression of CCL2 is significantly different in five breast cancer genotypes and predicts patient outcome. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15684-15691. [PMID: 26629063 PMCID: PMC4658952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Current treatment of breast cancer is mainly based on clinicopathological characteristics, and is not sufficiently customized for individual cases. The concept of genotyping in breast cancer was first proposed in 2001. Five major genotypes of breast cancer have been identified and their study has given rise to a new field of research. In our study, we investigated the expression of 13 chemokines and chemokine receptors, which play important roles in inflammation and tumor progression, in five breast cancer genotypes. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that CCL2 expression was significantly different between the different breast cancer genotypes and was negatively associated with estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that a low expression of CCL2 was associated with better outcome in breast cancer patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that CCL2 expression in different breast cancer genotype cell line suspensions was significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhuang
- Department of Breast Disease, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health-Care Hospital, Shanghai Tong Ji UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Sheng-Fu Xu
- Department of Breast Disease, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health-Care Hospital, Shanghai Tong Ji UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu-Guo Shao
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, China
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234
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González L, Eiro N, Fernandez-Garcia B, González LO, Dominguez F, Vizoso FJ. Gene expression profile of normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts according to intratumoral inflammatory cells phenotype from breast cancer tissue. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1489-1502. [PMID: 26349857 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The biological heterogeneity of breast cancer leads to the need for finding new approaches to understand the mechanisms implicated in breast cancer progression. The tumor stroma appears as a key in the progression of solid tumors towards a malignant phenotype. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may orchestrate a functional "corrupted" stroma which in turn helps metastatic spread. In this study, we investigated by real-time PCR, the expression of 19 factors by normal breast-associated fibroblasts (NAFs) and CAFs, which were implicated in several actions promoting tumor growth, such as extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation and invasion. Also, we explored the influence of inflammatory cells phenotypes (MMP11 status) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) on the molecular profile of CAFs. If we consider that one of the major sources of CAFs are resident NAFs, the transition of NAFs into CAFs is associated with molecular changes involving the overexpression of some molecular factors of biological importance in tumor progression. In addition, the characterization of the tumor stroma regarding to the MMP11 status by MICs reflects a type of fibroblasts which contribute even more to tumor progression. Moreover, different patterns in the induction of the expression of factors by CAFs were observed, depending on the tumor cell line which they were co-cultured with. Furthermore, CAFs influence TGFβ expression in both cancer cell lines. Therefore, this study can help to a better characterization of tumor stroma in order to improve the prognostic evaluation, as well as to define the different populations of CAFs as potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía González
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Luis O González
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco Dominguez
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco J Vizoso
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain. .,Servicio de Cirugía General, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.
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235
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Gandellini P, Andriani F, Merlino G, D'Aiuto F, Roz L, Callari M. Complexity in the tumour microenvironment: Cancer associated fibroblast gene expression patterns identify both common and unique features of tumour-stroma crosstalk across cancer types. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:96-106. [PMID: 26320408 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, driven by the accumulation of several somatic aberrations but fostered by a two-way interaction between tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent one of the major players in tumour-stroma crosstalk. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies, often conducted by employing high throughput approaches, have started unravelling the key pathways involved in their functional effects. This review focus on open challenges in the study of CAF properties and function, highlighting at the same time the existence of common mechanisms as well as peculiarities in different cancer types (breast, prostate and lung cancer). Although still limited by current experimental models, which are unable to deal with the full level of complexity of the tumour microenvironment, a better understanding of these mechanisms may enable the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, to improve current strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gandellini
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Andriani
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merlino
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Aiuto
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Roz
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Callari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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236
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Shih YT, Wang MC, Zhou J, Peng HH, Lee DY, Chiu JJ. Endothelial progenitors promote hepatocarcinoma intrahepatic metastasis through monocyte chemotactic protein-1 induction of microRNA-21. Gut 2015; 64:1132-47. [PMID: 24939570 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) circulate with increased numbers in the peripheral blood of patients with highly-vascularised hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and contribute to angiogenesis and neovascularisation. We hypothesised that angiogenic EPCs, that is, colony forming unit-endothelial cells (CFU-ECs), and outgrowth EPCs, that is, endothelial colony-forming cells, may exert paracrine effects on the behaviours and metastatic capacities of human hepatoma cells. DESIGN Various molecular and functional approaches ranging from in vitro cell culture studies on molecular signalling to in vivo investigations on cell invasion and orthotropic transplantation models in mice and clinical specimens from patients with HCC were used. RESULTS Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was identified as a critical mediator released from CFU-ECs to contribute to the chemotaxis of Huh7 and Hep3B cells by inducing their microRNA-21 (miR-21) biogenesis through the C-C chemokine receptor-2/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/activator protein-1 signalling cascade. CFU-EC-induction of miR-21 in these cells activated their Rac1 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 by silencing Rho GTPase-activating protein-24 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, respectively, leading to increased cell mobility. MCP-1-induction of miR-21 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of Huh7 cells in vitro and their intrahepatic metastatic capability in vivo. Moreover, increased numbers of MCP-1(+) EPCs and their positive correlations with miR-21 induction and metastatic stages in human HCC were found. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into the complexity of EPC-HCC interactions and indicate that anticancer therapies targeting either the MCP-1 released from angiogenic EPCs or the miR-21 biogenesis in HCC cells may prevent the malignant progression of primary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsung Shih
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Cun Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Peking University, Beijing, China Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yu Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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237
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Katanov C, Lerrer S, Liubomirski Y, Leider-Trejo L, Meshel T, Bar J, Feniger-Barish R, Kamer I, Soria-Artzi G, Kahani H, Banerjee D, Ben-Baruch A. Regulation of the inflammatory profile of stromal cells in human breast cancer: prominent roles for TNF-α and the NF-κB pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:87. [PMID: 25928089 PMCID: PMC4469428 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer progression is promoted by stromal cells that populate the tumors, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). The activities of CAFs and MSCs in breast cancer are integrated within an intimate inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) that includes high levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Here, we identified the impact of TNF-α and IL-1β on the inflammatory phenotype of CAFs and MSCs by determining the expression of inflammatory chemokines that are well-characterized as pro-tumorigenic in breast cancer: CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL5 (RANTES). Methods Chemokine expression was determined in breast cancer patient-derived CAFs by ELISA and in patient biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Chemokine levels were determined by ELISA in (1) human bone marrow-derived MSCs stimulated by tumor conditioned media (Tumor CM) of breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) at the end of MSC-to-CAF-conversion process; (2) Tumor CM-derived CAFs, patient CAFs and MSCs stimulated by TNF-α (and IL-1β). The roles of AP-1 and NF-κB in chemokine secretion were analyzed by Western blotting and by siRNAs to c-Jun and p65, respectively. Migration of monocytic cells was determined in modified Boyden chambers. Results TNF-α (and IL-1β) induced the release of CCL2, CXCL8 and CCL5 by MSCs and CAFs generated by prolonged stimulation of MSCs with Tumor CM of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Patient-derived CAFs expressed CCL2 and CXCL8, and secreted CCL5 following TNF-α (and IL-1β) stimulation. CCL2 was expressed in CAFs residing in proximity to breast tumor cells in biopsies of patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. CCL2 release by TNF-α-stimulated MSCs was mediated by TNF-RI and TNF-RII, through the NF-κB but not via the AP-1 pathway. Exposure of MSCs to TNF-α led to potent CCL2-induced migration of monocytic cells, a process that may yield pro-cancerous myeloid infiltrates in breast tumors. Conclusions Our novel results emphasize the important roles of inflammation-stroma interactions in breast cancer, and suggest that NF-κB may be a potential target for inhibition in tumor-adjacent stromal cells, enabling improved tumor control in inflammation-driven malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0080-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Katanov
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Yulia Liubomirski
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Leonor Leider-Trejo
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel.
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Jair Bar
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 5262100, Israel.
| | - Rotem Feniger-Barish
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 5262100, Israel.
| | - Iris Kamer
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 5262100, Israel.
| | - Gali Soria-Artzi
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Hadar Kahani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Debabrata Banerjee
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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238
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Grimm S, Jennek S, Singh R, Enkelmann A, Junker K, Rippaus N, Berndt A, Friedrich K. Malignancy of bladder cancer cells is enhanced by tumor-associated fibroblasts through a multifaceted cytokine-chemokine loop. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:1-11. [PMID: 25911129 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of tumor cells is critically involved in tumor development and progression. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) represent a major constituent of the tumor stroma. Tumor cells are operative in the activation of TAFs, whereas TAFs in turn contribute to tumor cell malignancy. This report describes mechanisms of communication between fibroblasts and urinary bladder cancer (UBC) cells. Migration of bladder cancer cell lines RT112 and Cal-29, representing two different grades of dedifferentiation, was enhanced by cocultivation with TAFs. Conditioned medium from tumor cells induced the release of interleukin (IL)-8, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 by TAFs. Tumor cell-derived IL-1α was identified as a major mediator of these stimulatory effects. Fibroblasts, on the other hand, exerted a migration and invasion stimulating influence on UBC cells. MCP-1 and HGF were shown to promote cell migration of both bladder cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grimm
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Jennek
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena, Germany
| | - Rajan Singh
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Junker
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Urology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nora Rippaus
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena, Germany
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239
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Morton JJ, Bird G, Keysar SB, Astling DP, Lyons TR, Anderson RT, Glogowska MJ, Estes P, Eagles JR, Le PN, Gan G, McGettigan B, Fernandez P, Padilla-Just N, Varella-Garcia M, Song JI, Bowles DW, Schedin P, Tan AC, Roop DR, Wang XJ, Refaeli Y, Jimeno A. XactMice: humanizing mouse bone marrow enables microenvironment reconstitution in a patient-derived xenograft model of head and neck cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:290-300. [PMID: 25893296 PMCID: PMC4613815 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of cancer cell lines have led to the development of direct patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. However, the interplay between the implanted human cancer cells and recruited mouse stromal and immune cells alters the tumor microenvironment and limits the value of these models. To overcome these constraints, we have developed a technique to expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and use them to reconstitute the radiation-depleted bone marrow of a NOD/SCID/IL2rg−/− (NSG) mouse on which a patient’s tumor is then transplanted (XactMice). The human HSPCs produce immune cells that home into the tumor and help replicate its natural microenvironment. Despite previous passage on nude mice, the expression of epithelial, stromal, and immune genes in XactMice tumors aligns more closely to that of the patient tumor than to those grown in non-humanized mice – an effect partially facilitated by human cytokines expressed by both the HSPC progeny and the tumor cells. The human immune and stromal cells produced in the XactMice can help recapitulate the microenvironment of an implanted xenograft, reverse the initial genetic drift seen after passage on non-humanized mice, and provide a more accurate tumor model to guide patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Morton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - G Bird
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - S B Keysar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - D P Astling
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - T R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - R T Anderson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - M J Glogowska
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - P Estes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - J R Eagles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - P N Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - G Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - B McGettigan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - P Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - N Padilla-Just
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - M Varella-Garcia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - J I Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - D W Bowles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - P Schedin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - A-C Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - D R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - X-J Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Y Refaeli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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240
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Raposo TP, Beirão BCB, Pang LY, Queiroga FL, Argyle DJ. Inflammation and cancer: till death tears them apart. Vet J 2015; 205:161-74. [PMID: 25981934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biotechnology have enabled the collection of an immeasurable amount of information from genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic studies of tumours within their microenvironments. The dissection of cytokine and chemokine networks has provided new clues to the interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding inflammatory landscape. To bridge the gap between chronic inflammation and cancer, dynamic participants in the tumour microenvironment have been identified, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Both of these cell types are notable for their ability to cause immunosuppressive conditions and support the evasion of tumour immune surveillance. It is clear now that the tumour-promoting inflammatory environment has to be included as one of the major cancer hallmarks. This review explores the recent advances in the understanding of cancer-related inflammation and how this is being applied to comparative oncology studies in humans and domestic species, such as the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Raposo
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - B C B Beirão
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - L Y Pang
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - F L Queiroga
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D J Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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241
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Hsu YL, Hung JY, Tsai YM, Tsai EM, Huang MS, Hou MF, Kuo PL. 6-shogaol, an active constituent of dietary ginger, impairs cancer development and lung metastasis by inhibiting the secretion of CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in tumor-associated dendritic cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1730-8. [PMID: 25621970 DOI: 10.1021/jf504934m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study has two novel findings: it is not only the first to demonstrate that tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) facilitate lung and breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo by secreting inflammatory mediator CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), but it is also the first to reveal that 6-shogaol can decrease cancer development and progression by inhibiting the production of TADC-derived CCL2. Human lung cancer A549 and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells increase TADCs to express high levels of CCL2, which increase cancer stem cell features, migration, and invasion, as well as immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophage infiltration. 6-Shogaol decreases cancer-induced up-regulation of CCL2 in TADCs, preventing the enhancing effects of TADCs on tumorigenesis and metastatic properties in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells enhance CCL2 expression by increasing the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and the activation of STAT3 induced by A549 and MDA-MB-231 is completely inhibited by 6-shogaol. 6-Shogaol also decreases the metastasis of lung and breast cancers in mice. 6-Shogaol exerts significant anticancer effects on lung and breast cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting the CCL2 secreted by TADCs. Thus, 6-shogaol may have the potential of being an efficacious immunotherapeutic agent for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, ‡School of Medicine, and ⊥Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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242
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Han Y, Zhang Y, Jia T, Sun Y. Molecular mechanism underlying the tumor-promoting functions of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:1385-94. [PMID: 25680413 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is composed of all the untransformed elements in the vicinity of tumor, mainly including a large number of stromal cells and extracellular matrix proteins, which play an active role in most solid tumor initiation and progression. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the most common stromal cell types in the tumor microenvironment, have been demonstrated to be involved in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, they are becoming a promising target for anti-cancer therapies. In this review, we firstly summarize the current understandings of CAFs' molecular biology, including the heterogeneous cellular origins and molecular markers, and then, we focus on reviewing their various tumor-promoting phenotypes involved in complex mechanisms, which can be summarized to the CAF-conveyed paracrine signals in tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and metastasis-initiating cancer cells, as well as the CAF-enhanced extrinsic tumor-promoting processes including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tumor-related inflammation; finally, we describe the available directions of CAF-based target therapy and suggest research areas which need to be further explored so as to deepen the understanding of tumor evolution and provide new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Han
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China,
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243
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Fong MY, Zhou W, Liu L, Alontaga AY, Chandra M, Ashby J, Chow A, O'Connor STF, Li S, Chin AR, Somlo G, Palomares M, Li Z, Tremblay JR, Tsuyada A, Sun G, Reid MA, Wu X, Swiderski P, Ren X, Shi Y, Kong M, Zhong W, Chen Y, Wang SE. Breast-cancer-secreted miR-122 reprograms glucose metabolism in premetastatic niche to promote metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:183-94. [PMID: 25621950 PMCID: PMC4380143 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 828] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reprogrammed glucose metabolism as a result of increased glycolysis and glucose uptake is a hallmark of cancer. Here we show that cancer cells can suppress glucose uptake by non-tumour cells in the pre-metastatic niche, by secreting vesicles that carry high levels of the miR-122 microRNA. High miR-122 levels in the circulation have been associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients and we show that cancer-cell-secreted miR-122 facilitates metastasis by increasing nutrient availability in the pre-metastatic niche. Mechanistically cancer-cell-derived miR-122 suppresses glucose uptake by niche cells in vitro and in vivo by downregulating the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM). In vivo inhibition of miR-122 restores glucose uptake in distant organs, including brain and lungs, and decreases the incidence of metastasis. These results demonstrate that by modifying glucose utilization by recipient pre-metastatic niche cells, cancer-derived extracellular miR-122 is able to reprogram systemic energy metabolism to facilitate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Y Fong
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA [2] Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Aileen Y Alontaga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Manasa Chandra
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA [2] City of Hope Irell &Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Jonathan Ashby
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Amy Chow
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | | | - Shasha Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Andrew R Chin
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA [2] City of Hope Irell &Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - George Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Melanie Palomares
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA [2] Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Zhuo Li
- Core of Electron Microscopy, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Jacob R Tremblay
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA [2] City of Hope Irell &Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Akihiro Tsuyada
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Core of Integrative Genomics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Piotr Swiderski
- Core of Synthetic and Biopolymer Chemistry, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91010, USA [2] Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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244
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Penfornis P, Vallabhaneni KC, Whitt J, Pochampally R. Extracellular vesicles as carriers of microRNA, proteins and lipids in tumor microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:14-21. [PMID: 25559768 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the knowledge about the control of tumor microenvironment has increased and emerged as an important player in tumorigenesis. The role of normal stromal cells in the tumor initiation and progression has brought our vision in to the forefront of cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of communication between stromal and tumor cells, which is based on the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We describe several, evergrowing, pieces of evidence that EVs transfer messages through their miRNA, lipid, protein and nucleic acid contents. A better understanding of this sophisticated method of communication between normal cancer cells may lead to developing novel approaches for personalized diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Penfornis
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Krishna C Vallabhaneni
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Radhika Pochampally
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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245
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Mao Y, Zhang Y, Qu Q, Zhao M, Lou Y, Liu J, huang O, Chen X, Wu J, Shen K. Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1029-40. [PMID: 25648538 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00710g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CAFs isolated from HER2+ patients secreted higher levels of IL6 which expanded cancer stem cells and activated multiple pathways, then induced trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cells.
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The sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 axis regulates early airway T-cell infiltration in murine mast cell-dependent acute allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1008-1018.e1. [PMID: 25512083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid produced by mast cells (MCs) on cross-linking of their high-affinity receptors for IgE by antigen that can amplify MC responses by binding to its S1P receptors. An acute MC-dependent allergic reaction can lead to systemic shock, but the early events of its development in lung tissues have not been investigated, and S1P functions in the onset of allergic processes remain to be examined. OBJECTIVE We used a highly specific neutralizing anti-S1P antibody (mAb) and the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) antagonist JTE-013 to study the signaling contributions of S1P and S1PR2 to MC- and IgE-dependent airway allergic responses in mice within minutes after antigen challenge. METHODS Allergic reaction was triggered by a single intraperitoneal dose of antigen in sensitized mice pretreated intraperitoneally with anti-S1P, isotype control mAb, JTE-013, or vehicle before antigen challenge. RESULTS Kinetics experiments revealed early pulmonary infiltration of mostly T cells around blood vessels of sensitized mice 20 minutes after antigen exposure. Pretreatment with anti-S1P mAb inhibited in vitro MC activation, as well as in vivo development of airway infiltration and MC activation, reducing serum levels of histamine, cytokines, and the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCL2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/CCL3, and RANTES/CCL5. S1PR2 antagonism or deficiency or MC deficiency recapitulated these results. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated MC S1PR2 dependency for chemokine release and the necessity for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. CONCLUSION Activation of S1PR2 by S1P and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in MCs regulate early T-cell recruitment to antigen-challenged lungs through chemokine production.
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Becuwe P, Ennen M, Klotz R, Barbieux C, Grandemange S. Manganese superoxide dismutase in breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms of gene regulation to biological and clinical significance. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:139-51. [PMID: 25224035 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies of all cancers in women worldwide. Many difficulties reside in the prediction of tumor metastatic progression because of the lack of sufficiently reliable predictive biological markers, and this is a permanent preoccupation for clinicians. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) may represent a rational candidate as a predictive biomarker of breast tumor metastatic progression, because its gene expression is profoundly altered between early and advanced breast cancer, in contrast to expression in the normal mammary gland. In this review, we report the characterization of some gene polymorphisms and molecular mechanisms of SOD2 gene regulation, which allows a better understanding of how MnSOD is decreased in early breast cancer and increased in advanced breast cancer. Several studies display the biological significance of MnSOD level in proliferation as well as in invasive and angiogenic abilities of breast tumor cells by controlling superoxide anion radical (O2(•-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Particularly, they report how these reactive oxygen species may activate some signaling pathways involved in breast tumor growth. Emerging understanding of these findings provides an interesting framework for guiding translational research and suggests a way to define precisely the clinical interest of MnSOD as a prognostic and/or predicting marker in breast cancer, by associating with some regulators involved in SOD2 gene regulation and other well-known biomarkers, in addition to the typical clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Becuwe
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Marie Ennen
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Rémi Klotz
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Claire Barbieux
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Grandemange
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Yasuda K, Torigoe T, Mariya T, Asano T, Kuroda T, Matsuzaki J, Ikeda K, Yamauchi M, Emori M, Asanuma H, Hasegawa T, Saito T, Hirohashi Y, Sato N. Fibroblasts induce expression of FGF4 in ovarian cancer stem-like cells/cancer-initiating cells and upregulate their tumor initiation capacity. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1355-69. [PMID: 25329002 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs)/cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are defined as a small population of cells within cancer that contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are stromal fibroblasts surrounding tumor cells, and they have important roles in tumor growth and tumor progression. It has been suggested that stromal fibroblasts and CSCs/CICs might mutually cooperate to enhance their growth and tumorigenic capacity. In this study, we investigated the effects of fibroblasts on tumor-initiating capacity and stem-like properties of ovarian CSCs/CICs. CSCs/CICs were isolated from the ovarian carcinoma cell line HTBoA as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 high (ALDH1(high)) population by the ALDEFLUOR assay. Histological examination of tumor tissues derived from ALDH1(high) cells revealed few fibrous stroma, whereas those derived from fibroblast-mixed ALDH1(high) cells showed abundant fibrous stroma formation. In vivo tumor-initiating capacity and in vitro sphere-forming capacity of ALDH1(high) cells were enhanced in the presence of fibroblasts. Gene expression analysis revealed that fibroblast-mixed ALDH1(high) cells had enhanced expression of fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) as well as stemness-associated genes such as SOX2 and POU5F1. Sphere-forming capacity of ALDH1(high) cells was suppressed by small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of FGFR2, the receptor for FGF4 which was expressed preferentially in ALDH1(high) cells. Taken together, the results indicate that interaction of fibroblasts with ovarian CSCs/CICs enhanced tumor-initiating capacity and stem-like properties through autocrine and paracrine FGF4-FGFR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyo Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Mariya
- 1] Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Asano
- 1] Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kuroda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanae Ikeda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamauchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Emori
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Asanuma
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Kurashige J, Mima K, Sawada G, Takahashi Y, Eguchi H, Sugimachi K, Mori M, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Hirakawa K, Baba H, Mimori K. Epigenetic modulation and repression of miR-200b by cancer-associated fibroblasts contribute to cancer invasion and peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:133-41. [PMID: 25411357 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently been linked to the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. In addition, the microRNA (miR)-200 family plays a central role in the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process during cancer metastasis, and aberrant DNA methylation is one of the key mechanisms underlying regulation of the miR-200 family. In this study, we clarified whether epigenetic changes of miR-200b by CAFs stimulate cancer invasion and peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. We evaluated the relationship between miR-200b and CAFs using a coculture model. In addition, we established a peritoneal metastasis mouse model and investigated the expression and methylation status of miR-200b. We also investigated the expression and methylation status of miR-200b and CAFs expression in primary gastric cancer samples. CAFs (CAF-37 and CAF-50) contributed to epigenetic changes of miR-200b, reduced miR-200b expression and promoted tumor invasion and migration in NUGC3 and OCUM-2M cells in coculture. In the model mice, epigenetic changes of miR-200b were observed in the inoculated high-frequency peritoneal dissemination cells. In the 173 gastric cancer samples, the low miR-200b expression group demonstrated a significantly poorer prognosis compared with the high miR-200b expression group and was associated with peritoneal metastasis. In addition, downregulation of miR-200b in cancer cells was significantly correlated with alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Our data provide evidence that CAFs reduce miR-200b expression and promote tumor invasion through epigenetic changes of miR-200b in gastric cancer. Thus, CAFs might be a therapeutic target for inhibition of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Genta Sawada
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan
| | - Keishi Sugimachi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan and
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan,
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Liu L, Zhou W, Cheng CT, Ren X, Somlo G, Fong MY, Chin AR, Li H, Yu Y, Xu Y, O'Connor STF, O'Connor TR, Ann DK, Stark JM, Wang SE. TGFβ induces "BRCAness" and sensitivity to PARP inhibition in breast cancer by regulating DNA-repair genes. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1597-609. [PMID: 25103497 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) proteins are multitasking cytokines, in which high levels at tumor sites generally correlate with poor prognosis in human patients with cancer. Previously, it was reported that TGFβ downregulates the expression of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) in breast cancer cells through an miRNA-mediated mechanism. In this study, expression of a panel of DNA-repair genes was examined, identifying breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) as a target downregulated by TGFβ through the miR181 family. Correlations between the expression levels of TGFβ1 and the miR181/BRCA1 axis were observed in primary breast tumor specimens. By downregulating BRCA1, ATM, and MSH2, TGFβ orchestrates DNA damage response in certain breast cancer cells to induce a "BRCAness" phenotype, including impaired DNA-repair efficiency and synthetic lethality to the inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Xenograft tumors with active TGFβ signaling exhibited resistance to the DNA-damaging agent doxorubicin but increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor ABT-888. Combination of doxorubicin with ABT-888 significantly improved the treatment efficacy in TGFβ-active tumors. Thus, TGFβ can induce "BRCAness" in certain breast cancers carrying wild-type BRCA genes and enhance the responsiveness to PARP inhibition, and the molecular mechanism behind this is characterized. IMPLICATIONS These findings enable better selection of patients with sporadic breast cancer for PARP interventions, which have exhibited beneficial effects in patients carrying BRCA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Ting Cheng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. City of Hope Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, California
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - George Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Miranda Y Fong
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Andrew R Chin
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. City of Hope Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, California
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | | | - Timothy R O'Connor
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Radiation Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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