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Puteri MU, Watanabe Y, Wardhani BWK, Amalia R, Abdelaziz M, Kato M. PMEPA1/TMEPAI isoforms function via its PY and Smad-interaction motifs for tumorigenic activities of breast cancer cells. Genes Cells 2020; 25:375-390. [PMID: 32181976 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PMEPA1 (prostate transmembrane protein, androgen-induced 1)/TMEPAI (transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein) is highly expressed in diverse cancers, including breast, lung and prostate cancers. It consists of four isoforms with distinct extracellular regions (isoforms a-d). The expression and function of these isoforms are still poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to identify the preferentially expressed isoforms in breast cancer cells and analyze possible differences in tumorigenic functions. In this study, we used 5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and Western blot analyses to identify the mRNA variants and protein isoforms of TMEPAI and found that TMEPAI isoform d as the major isoform expressed by TGF-β stimulation in breast cancer cells. We then generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TMEPAI knockout (KO) breast cancer cell lines and used a lentiviral expression system to complement each isoform individually. Although there were no clear functional differences between isoforms, double PPxY (PY) motifs and a Smad-interaction motif (SIM) of TMEPAI were both essential for colony and sphere formation. Collectively, our results provide a novel insight into TMEPAI isoforms in breast cancer cells and showed that coordination between double PY motifs and a SIM of TMEPAI are essential for colony and sphere formation but not for monolayer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidi U Puteri
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukihide Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bantari W K Wardhani
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Abdelaziz
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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202
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Wang J, Wang B, Du H, Zhang H, Li H, Wang F, Zhao X. Effects of Diutina rugosa SD-17 on growth performance, intestine morphology, and immune status of chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6311-6318. [PMID: 31350991 PMCID: PMC8913761 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered the preferred alternatives to antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention. Previous studies have confirmed that Diutina rugosa SD-17 has the potential as a probiotic. We evaluated the probiotic effect of D. rugosa SD-17 on 360 one-day-old Hy-line brown chickens that were divided into 2 groups, and each group contained 6 replicate pens with 30 birds per pen. The chickens were fed with basal diet supplemented with or without D. rugosa SD-17, and the effects of D. rugosa SD-17 on growth performance, intestine morphology, and immune status were assessed. Body weight was significantly improved from week 3 to 6 (P < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in weeks 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). The length of the duodenum was lengthened significantly in week 3 (P < 0.05), and supplementation of D. rugosa SD-17 significantly increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum in week 3 (P < 0.05). Expressions of tight-junction-related genes of zonula occludens-2 and occludin in the ileum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The proliferation capacity of blood lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05), and the proportion of helper T (Th) cells increased significantly (P < 0.05). Expressions of Th1 cell markers IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ and immune-related genes of IL-1β, transforming growth factor-β, and IFN-γ in ileum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). These results indicated that D. rugosa SD-17 improved the growth and regulated immunity of chickens, and could be optimized for use as a feed additive for livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - H Du
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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203
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Triantafillidis JK, Tzouvala M, Triantafyllidi E. Enteral Nutrition Supplemented with Transforming Growth Factor-β, Colostrum, Probiotics, and Other Nutritional Compounds in the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1048. [PMID: 32290232 PMCID: PMC7230540 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteral nutrition seems to play a significant role in the treatment of both adults and children with active Crohn's disease, and to a lesser degree in the treatment of patients with active ulcerative colitis. The inclusion of some special factors in the enteral nutrition formulas might increase the rate of the efficacy. Actually, enteral nutrition enriched in Transforming Growth Factor-β reduced the activity index and maintained remission in patients with Crohn's disease. In addition, a number of experimental animal studies have shown that colostrum exerts a significantly positive result. Probiotics of a special type and a certain dosage could also reduce the inflammatory process in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Therefore, the addition of these factors in an enteral nutrition formula might increase its effectiveness. Although the use of these formulas is not supported by large clinical trials, it could be argued that their administration in selected cases as an exclusive diet or in combination with the drugs used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease could benefit the patient. In this review, the authors provide an update on the role of enteral nutrition, supplemented with Transforming Growth Factor-β, colostrum, and probiotics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology “St Panteleimon” General Hospital, ZC 18454 Nicea, Greece;
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204
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Vitiello GAF, Amarante MK, Oda JMM, Hirata BKB, de Oliveira CEC, Campos CZ, de Oliveira KB, Guembarovski RL, Watanabe MAE. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) plasmatic levels in breast cancer and neoplasia-free women: Association with patients' characteristics and TGFB1 haplotypes. Cytokine 2020; 130:155079. [PMID: 32229413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts in a context-dependent manner. In breast cancer (BC) this cytokine exerts subtype- and stage-specific roles, inhibiting poorly aggressive tumors while enhances the invasive potential of highly aggressive cancers. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting TGFβ1 production largely reflect this pattern of association, but studies investigating systemic TGFβ1 levels in BC patients and their association with clinical features or SNPs produced conflicting conclusions. Therefore, the present work investigated plasmatic TGFβ1 levels through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 341 individuals previously genotyped for four TGFB1 SNPs [G-800A (rs1800468), C-509T (rs1800469), T29C (rs1800470) and G74C (rs1800471)], encompassing 184 neoplasia-free women with clinical information regarding health status, 113 treatment-free pre-surgery BC patients and 44 treated BC patients. Results have shown that TGFβ1 levels varied greatly in function of health status in neoplasia-free women, and disease-free individuals had higher TGFβ1 levels than both treatment-free or treated BC patients. There was no correlation between TGFβ1 with clinicopathological features in treatment-free BC general group, but it was negatively correlated with tumor size in luminal-B-HER2+ patients and with histopathological grade in triple-negative group. Also, TGFB1 ACTG haplotype (from G-800A to G74C) was associated with decreased TGFβ1 levels compared to the reference GCTG haplotype, and regression analyses showed that this association was independent of age, health status or BC diagnosis. In conclusion, several factors may influence TGFβ1 levels, and ACTG haplotype seems to be an important factor regulating TGFβ1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marla Karine Amarante
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Julie Massayo Maeda Oda
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karina Banin Hirata
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Clodoaldo Zago Campos
- Department of Clinical Research, Londrina Cancer Hospital, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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205
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TGF-β1 relieves epithelial-mesenchymal transition reduction in hypospadias induced by DEHP in rats. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:639-646. [PMID: 31726466 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS To investigate the potential mechanism of hypospadias induced by DEHP in rats to reveal the preventative effect of TGF-β1 in hypospadias induced by DEHP via the reduction of EMT. METHODS Time-mated Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cesarean section, and the penises of male pups were collected after exposure to corn oil or DEHP to establish a rat model of hypospadias and to further study the molecular mechanisms of hypospadias in vivo. In addition, the penises were cultured and treated with MEHP or MEHP+TGF-β1 in vitro. Subsequently, histomorphology and elements in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway changes were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. RESULTS The development of rat penis and urethral seam fusion were delayed after the treatment with DEHP in vivo or MEHP in vitro compared with the Control group. Moreover, TGF-β1, Smad2/Smad3, and the mesenchymal biomarkers, including α-SMA, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, were decreased. However, the epithelial biomarkers, including E-cadherin, ZO-1, β-catenin, and occludin, were increased. In addition, TGF-β1 could relieve all of the above changes. CONCLUSION Gestational DEHP exposure could lead to hypospadias by reducing urethral EMT. Moreover, TGF-β1 could prevent it by regenerating EMT through activating the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway.
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206
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Kim SJ, Park JH, Lee SA, Lee JG, Shin JM, Lee HM. All-trans retinoic acid regulates TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix production via p38, JNK, and NF-κB-signaling pathways in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:636-645. [PMID: 32104972 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a derivative of vitamin A, is known to have anti-fibrogenic effects and regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, these abilities of ATRA may influence tissue remodeling in the upper airway. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of ATRA on the myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, cell migration, and collagen gel contraction and to determine the molecular mechanisms of ATRA in TGF-β1-induced nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). METHODS NPDFs were isolated from nasal polyp. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. TGF-β1-induced fibroblasts were pretreated with ATRA. The expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type 1, fibronectin, phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and p-p50 (nuclear factor-kappaB [NF-κB]) were measured by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and/or immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was analyzed with cell migration scratch assay and Transwell migration assay. Collagen contractile activity was measured using a collagen gel contraction assay. RESULTS ATRA had no significant cytotoxic effect in NPDFs. Expression levels of α-SMA, collagen type 1, and fibronectin stimulated by TGF-β1 were significantly downregulated in the ATRA-pretreated fibroblasts. TGF-β1-induced cell migration and collagen gel contraction were significantly inhibited by ATRA pretreatment. ATRA also significantly inhibited phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and p50 in TGF-β1-induced NPDFs, but did not inhibit phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). CONCLUSION ATRA downregulated myofibroblast differentiation, ECM production, cell migration, and collagen gel contraction via p38, JNK-dependent NF-κB-signaling pathways in TGF-β1-induced NPDFs. The findings suggest that ATRA could serve as a novel therapeutic agent to ameliorate nasal polyp development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jong Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hoo Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoung-Ae Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Geun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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207
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Jiang D, Singh K, Muschhammer J, Schatz S, Sindrilaru A, Makrantonaki E, Qi Y, Wlaschek M, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. MSCs rescue impaired wound healing in a murine LAD1 model by adaptive responses to low TGF-β1 levels. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49115. [PMID: 32080965 PMCID: PMC7132342 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the CD18 gene encoding the common β-chain of β2 integrins result in impaired wound healing in humans and mice suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome type 1 (LAD1). Transplantation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) restores normal healing of CD18-/- wounds by restoring the decreased TGF-β1 concentrations. TGF-β1 released from MSCs leads to enhanced myofibroblast differentiation, wound contraction, and vessel formation. We uncover that MSCs are equipped with a sensing mechanism for TGF-β1 concentrations at wound sites. Low TGF-β1 concentrations as occurring in CD18-/- wounds induce TGF-β1 release from MSCs, whereas high TGF-β1 concentrations suppress TGF-β1 production. This regulation depends on TGF-β receptor sensing and is relayed to microRNA-21 (miR-21), which subsequently suppresses the translation of Smad7, the negative regulator of TGF-β1 signaling. Inactivation of TGF-β receptor, or overexpression or silencing of miR-21 or Smad7, abrogates TGF-β1 sensing, and thus prevents the adaptive MSC responses required for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Muschhammer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Schatz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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208
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Rak GD, White MR, Augustine-Rauch K, Newsome C, Graziano MJ, Schulze GE. Intermittent dosing of the transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 inhibitor, BMS-986260, mitigates class-based cardiovascular toxicity in dogs but not rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:931-946. [PMID: 32061184 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβRI) have a history of significant class-based toxicities (eg, cardiac valvulopathy) in preclinical species that have limited their development as new medicines. Nevertheless, some TGFβRI inhibitors have entered into clinical trials using intermittent-dosing schedules and exposure limits in an attempt to avoid these toxicities. This report describes the toxicity profile of the small-molecule TGFβRI inhibitor, BMS-986260, in rats and dogs. Daily oral dosing for 10 days resulted in valvulopathy and/or aortic pathology at systemic exposures that would have been targeted clinically, preventing further development with this dosing schedule. These toxicities were not observed in either species in 1-month studies using the same doses on an intermittent-dosing schedule of 3 days on and 4 days off (QDx3 once weekly). Subsequently, 3-month studies were conducted (QDx3 once weekly), and while there were no cardiovascular findings in dogs, valvulopathy and mortality occurred early in rats. The only difference compared to the 1-month study was that the rats in the 3-month study were 2 weeks younger at the start of dosing. Therefore, a follow-up 1-month study was conducted to evaluate whether the age of rats influences sensitivity to target-mediated toxicity. Using the same dosing schedule and similar doses as in the 3-month study, there was no difference in the toxicity of BMS-986260 in young (8 weeks) or adult (8 months) rats. In summary, an intermittent-dosing schedule mitigated target-based cardiovascular toxicity in dogs but did not prevent valvulopathy in rats, and thus the development of BMS-986260 was terminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Rak
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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209
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Nikooie R, Jafari‐Sardoie S, Sheibani V, Nejadvaziri Chatroudi A. Resistance training‐induced muscle hypertrophy is mediated by TGF‐β1‐Smad signaling pathway in male Wistar rats. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5649-5665. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nikooie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Sohil Jafari‐Sardoie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Amir Nejadvaziri Chatroudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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210
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De los Santos MI, Bacos DM, Bernal SD. WITHDRAWN: A novel bifunctional T regulatory cell engaging (BiTE) TGF-β1/PD-L1 fusion protein with therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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211
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Noreen F, Küng T, Tornillo L, Parker H, Silva M, Weis S, Marra G, Rad R, Truninger K, Schär P. DNA methylation instability by BRAF-mediated TET silencing and lifestyle-exposure divides colon cancer pathways. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:196. [PMID: 31842975 PMCID: PMC6916434 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrations in DNA methylation are widespread in colon cancer (CC). Understanding origin and progression of DNA methylation aberrations is essential to develop effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Here, we aimed to dissect CC subtype-specific methylation instability to understand underlying mechanisms and functions. Methods We have assessed genome-wide DNA methylation in the healthy normal colon mucosa (HNM), precursor lesions and CCs in a first comprehensive study to delineate epigenetic change along the process of colon carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, we used stable cell lines, genetically engineered mouse model of mutant BRAFV600E and molecular biology analysis to establish the role of BRAFV600E-mediated-TET inhibition in CpG-island methylator phenotype (CIMP) inititation. Results We identified two distinct patterns of CpG methylation instability, determined either by age–lifestyle (CC-neutral CpGs) or genetically (CIMP-CpGs). CC-neutral-CpGs showed age-dependent hypermethylation in HNM, all precursors, and CCs, while CIMP-CpGs showed hypermethylation specifically in sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) and CIMP-CCs. BRAFV600E-mutated CCs and precursors showed a significant downregulation of TET1 and TET2 DNA demethylases. Stable expression of BRAFV600E in nonCIMP CC cells and in a genetic mouse model was sufficient to repress TET1/TET2 and initiate hypermethylation at CIMP-CpGs, reversible by BRAFV600E inhibition. BRAFV600E-driven CIMP-CpG hypermethylation occurred at genes associated with established CC pathways, effecting functional changes otherwise achieved by genetic mutation in carcinogenesis. Conclusions Hence, while age–lifestyle-driven hypermethylation occurs generally in colon carcinogenesis, BRAFV600E-driven hypermethylation is specific for the “serrated” pathway. This knowledge will advance the use of epigenetic biomarkers to assess subgroup-specific CC risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Noreen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4053, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Taya Küng
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Tornillo
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Parker
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Silva
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Weis
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Rad
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Truninger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,Gastroenterologie Oberaargau, CH-4900, Langenthal, Switzerland.
| | - Primo Schär
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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212
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Boguslawska J, Kryst P, Poletajew S, Piekielko-Witkowska A. TGF-β and microRNA Interplay in Genitourinary Cancers. Cells 2019; 8:E1619. [PMID: 31842336 PMCID: PMC6952810 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary cancers (GCs) include a large group of different types of tumors localizing to the kidney, bladder, prostate, testis, and penis. Despite highly divergent molecular patterns, most GCs share commonly disturbed signaling pathways that involve the activity of TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta). TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates key cancer-related molecular and cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. The understanding of the mechanisms of TGF-β actions in cancer is hindered by the "TGF-β paradox" in which early stages of cancerogenic process are suppressed by TGF-β while advanced stages are stimulated by its activity. A growing body of evidence suggests that these paradoxical TGF-β actions could result from the interplay with microRNAs: Short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target transcripts and inducing mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of TGF-β signaling in GCs. Importantly, TGF-β signaling and microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression often act in complicated feedback circuits that involve other crucial regulators of cancer progression (e.g., androgen receptor). Furthermore, recently published in vitro and in vivo studies clearly indicate that the interplay between microRNAs and the TGF-β signaling pathway offers new potential treatment options for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kryst
- II Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Slawomir Poletajew
- II Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (S.P.)
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213
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Wang Z, Li Y, Zhan S, Zhang L, Zhang S, Tang Q, Li M, Tan Z, Liu S, Xing X. SMAD4 Y353C promotes the progression of PDAC. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1037. [PMID: 31684910 PMCID: PMC6829834 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SMAD4 is frequently inactivated and associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Abnormal SMAD4 expression also plays an important role in the malignant progression of PDAC. Methods We investigated SMAD4 status in PDAC by immunohistochemical methods to explore the relationships between SMAD4 expression and clinicopathological features and then detected SMAD4 mutations by Sanger sequencing in 95 patients with PDAC to identify new mutation sites in PDAC. We further evaluated the effects of a missense mutation, Y353C, in the SMAD4 MH2 domain, on cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of SMAD4 in PDAC carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in normal pancreatic tissue, and negative SMAD4 expression was closely related to tumour diameter, staging, lymph node metastasis and differentiation. Sanger sequencing analysis showed that the rate of SMAD4 mutation was 11.8% in 85 PDAC cases, and the novel SMAD4 Y353C missense mutation identified in this study promoted cell migration and invasion without affecting cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, SMAD4 Y353C resulted in reduced expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of Vimentin compared with wild-type SMAD4 overexpression. Conclusion This study supports the key role of SMAD4 as a tumour suppressor gene in PDAC and shows that SMAD4 Y353C is associated with poor progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zusen Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxing Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shixiong Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaoming Xing
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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214
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Nowak M, Rehrauer H, Ay SS, Findik M, Boos A, Kautz E, Kowalewski MP. Gene expression profiling of the canine placenta during normal and antigestagen-induced luteolysis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 282:113194. [PMID: 31145892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The domestic dog is the only domestic animal species that does not produce steroids in the placenta and instead relies on luteal steroids throughout pregnancy. Nevertheless, the canine placenta is highly responsive to steroids, and withdrawal of progesterone (P4) affects the feto-maternal unit, initializing the parturition cascade. Similar effects can be observed during antigestagen-induced abortion. Here, aiming to provide new insights into mechanisms involved in the termination of canine pregnancy, next generation sequencing (NGS, RNA-seq) was applied. Placental transcriptomes derived from natural prepartum and antigestagen-induced abortions were analyzed and compared with fully developed mid-gestation placentas. The contrast "prepartum luteolysis over mid-gestation" revealed 1973 differentially expressed genes (DEG). Terms associated with apoptosis, impairment of vascular function and activation of signaling of several cytokines (e.g., IL-8, IL-3, TGF-β) were overrepresented at natural luteolysis. When compared with mid-term, antigestagen treatment revealed 135 highly regulated DEG that were involved in the induced luteolysis and showed similar associations with functional terms and expression patterns as during natural luteolysis. The contrast "antigestagen-induced luteolysis over prepartum luteolysis" revealed that, although similar changes occur in both conditions, they are more pronounced during natural prepartum. Among P4-regulated DEG were those related to immune system and cortisol metabolism. It appears that, besides inducing placental PGF2α output, both natural and induced P4 withdrawal is associated with disruption of the feto-maternal interface, leading to impaired vascular functions, apoptosis and controlled modulation of the immune response. The time-related maturation of the feto-maternal interface needs to be considered because it may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nowak
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serhan S Ay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Findik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ewa Kautz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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215
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Kim YI, Kim KS, Ahn HJ, Kang IH, Shin MK. Reduced matrix metalloproteinase and collagen transcription mediated by the TGF-β/Smad pathway in passaged normal human dermal fibroblasts. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1211-1218. [PMID: 31509335 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a major regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) events, particularly collagen production. AIM We explored whether the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen are transcriptionally regulated by the TGF-β and Smad signaling pathways, and the roles played by NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in normal, aged, human dermal fibroblasts. METHODS We quantified mRNA and protein expression using real-time PCR and immunoblotting of proteins from cells in passage 5-15. RESULTS The levels of mRNAs encoding TGF-β1, TGF-β3, and TGF-β receptor type I (TGFβ RI) decreased with increasing passage number. The levels of mRNAs encoding TGF-β2, TGFβ RII, and TGFβ RIII increased to passage 10 but decreased by passage 15. The levels of mRNAs encoding Smad-2, -3, -4, and -7 decreased with increasing passage number. The level of mRNA encoding MMP-1 increased with increasing passage number, and the levels of mRNAs encoding MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 increased to passage 10 but decreased by passage 15. The levels of mRNAs encoding collagen types I and II decreased with increasing passage number. At the protein level, NF-κB, IκBα, p38, ERK, Akt, and JNK became increasingly phosphorylated at higher passage numbers. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that reductions in the expression levels of MMPs and collagen types I and III in aging human dermal fibroblasts reflect reduced expression of TGF-β/Smad and TGF-β receptors, thus compromising the TGF-β receptor-binding capacity of fibroblasts; the NF-κB and Akt-JNK/MAPK signaling pathways may play active roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Hye Kang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Shin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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216
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Shadpour P, Zamani M, Aghaalikhani N, Rashtchizadeh N. Inflammatory cytokines in bladder cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14489-14499. [PMID: 30779110 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The presence of inflammatory cells and their products in the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a tumor. Releasing the cytokines from a host in response to infection and inflammation can inhibit tumor growth and progression. However, tumor cells can also respond to the host cytokines with increasing the growth/invasion/metastasis. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The microenvironment of a bladder tumor has been indicated to be rich in growth factors/inflammatory cytokines that can induce the tumor growth/progression and also suppress the immune system. On the contrary, modulate of the cancer progression has been shown following upregulation of the cytokines-related pathways that suggested the cytokines as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we provide a summary of cytokines that are involved in BC formation/regression with both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. A more accurate understanding of tumor microenvironment creates favorable conditions for cytokines targeting to treat BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Shadpour
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), Hospital Management Research Center (HMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zamani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nazi Aghaalikhani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rashtchizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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217
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Alvarez MA, Freitas JP, Mazher Hussain S, Glazer ES. TGF-β Inhibitors in Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 50:207-213. [PMID: 30891677 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-00195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancerrelated mortality in the USA, and the overall incidence of the disease is increasing such that it is expected to be the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the next decade. Minimal improvements in therapy have not changed the overall mortality rate over the past decade for patients with PDAC. The purpose of this review is to identify new data regardign the role of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) based therapeuics in patients with PDAC. METHODS The literature was searched for peer reviewed manuscripts regarding the use of TGF-β inhibitors in PDAC therapy and the mechanism in which TGF-β intracellular signaling effects patient survival. RESULTS TGF-β plays a vital, context-dependent role as both a tumor suppressor and promoter of PDAC. The downstream effects of this duality play a significant role in the immunologic response of the tumor microenvironment (TME), epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and the development of metastatic disease. Immunologic pathways have been shown to be successful targets in the treatment of other diseases, though they have not been shown efficacious in PDAC. TGF-β-mediated EMT does play a critical role in PDAC progression in the development of metastases. The use of anti-TGF-β-based therapies in phase I and II clinical trials for metastatic PDAC demonstrate the importance of understanding the role of TGF-β in PDAC progression. CONCLUSION This review clarifies the recent literature investigating the role of anti-TGF-β-based therapy in PDAC and areas ripe for targeted investigations and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Alvarez
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Júlia Pedó Freitas
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - S Mazher Hussain
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Evan S Glazer
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave., Suite 300, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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218
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Rautela J, Dagley LF, de Oliveira CC, Schuster IS, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Delconte RB, Cursons J, Hennessy R, Hutchinson DS, Harrison C, Kita B, Vivier E, Webb AI, Degli-Esposti MA, Davis MJ, Huntington ND, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Therapeutic blockade of activin-A improves NK cell function and antitumor immunity. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/596/eaat7527. [PMID: 31455725 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat7527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a major role in immunosurveillance against tumor initiation and metastatic spread. The signals and checkpoints that regulate NK cell fitness and function in the tumor microenvironment are not well defined. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a suppressor of NK cells that inhibits interleukin-15 (IL-15)-dependent signaling events and increases the abundance of receptors that promote tissue residency. Here, we showed that NK cells express the type I activin receptor ALK4, which, upon binding to its ligand activin-A, phosphorylated SMAD2/3 to suppress IL-15-mediated NK cell metabolism. Activin-A impaired human and mouse NK cell proliferation and reduced the production of granzyme B to impair tumor killing. Similar to TGF-β, activin-A also induced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and stimulated NK cells to increase their cell surface expression of several markers of ILC1 cells. Activin-A also induced these changes in TGF-β receptor-deficient NK cells, suggesting that activin-A and TGF-β stimulate independent pathways that drive SMAD2/3-mediated NK cell suppression. Last, inhibition of activin-A by follistatin substantially slowed orthotopic melanoma growth in mice. These data highlight the relevance of examining TGF-β-independent SMAD2/3 signaling mechanisms as a therapeutic axis to relieve NK cell suppression and promote antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Rautela
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Carolina C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Células Inflamatórias e Neoplásicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, SCB, Centro Politecnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, CEP 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph Cursons
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Robert Hennessy
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Craig Harrison
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Badia Kita
- Paranta Biosciences Limited, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. .,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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219
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He R, Wang M, Zhao C, Shen M, Yu Y, He L, Zhao Y, Chen H, Shi X, Zhou M, Pan S, Liu Y, Guo X, Li X, Qin R. TFEB-driven autophagy potentiates TGF-β induced migration in pancreatic cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:340. [PMID: 31387632 PMCID: PMC6683473 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. The complicated tumor microenvironment, particularly TGF-β, provides possible convenience for the progression of PC cells. TGF-β regulates critical cellular processes, including autophagy. However, the mechanism and effects of TGF-β-mediated autophagy are still poorly understood. Methods Bioinformatics analysis, western blot, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used to identify that TFEB is the key factors in TGF-β-induced autophagy. The biological effects of TFEB-driven autophagy were investigated in vitro using transwell and wound healing assays and in vivo using liver metastasis and LSL-KrasG12D/Pdx1-Cre mice models. Luciferase assays and motif analysis were used to assess regulation of RAB5A gene promoter activity by TGF-β-induced TFEB. TFEB levels were measured by real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical staining in clinical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. Results We demonstrated that TGF-β induces TFEB expression via the canonical smad pathway in Smad4-positive PC cells and facilitates TFEB-mediated autophagic activation. TFEB-driven autophagy caused by TGF-β regulates RAB5A-dependent endocytosis of Itgα5 and promotes progression of PC cells. We further showed that enhanced TFEB expression and its direct target RAB5A both predict poor prognosis in PC patients. Conclusions Our findings reveal TFEB-driven autophagy is required for TGF-β induced migration and metastasis of PC cells by promoting endocytosis of Itgα5β1 and focal adhesion disassembly through the TGF-β-TFEB-RAB5A axis. Our results highlight the potential utility of suppressing TFEB-driven autophagy to block PC metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1343-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunle Zhao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yahong Yu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiuhui Shi
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shutao Pan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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220
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Transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFBR2) promoter region polymorphism in Brazilian breast cancer patients: association with susceptibility, clinicopathological features, and interaction with TGFB1 haplotypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:207-219. [PMID: 31364002 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) has paradoxical effects in breast cancer (BC), inhibiting initial tumors while promoting aggressive ones. A polymorphism on TGFBR2 promoter region (G-875A, rs3087465) increases TGFβ type II receptor expression and is protective against cancer. Previously, we have shown that TGFB1 variants have subtype-specific roles in BC. This work sought to investigate the association between TGFBR2 and susceptibility and clinicopathological features in BC subgroups. METHODS TGFBR2 G-875A was analyzed through PCR-RFLP in 388 BC patients and 405 neoplasia-free women. Case-control analyses as well as interaction with TGFB1 haplotypes previously associated with BC were tested through age-adjusted logistic regression. Correlations between G-875A and clinicopathological parameters were assessed through Kendall's Tau-b test. All statistical tests were two-tailed (α = 0.05). RESULTS TGFBR2 G-875A was protective against BC in additive, genotypic, and dominant models. In subgroup-stratified analyses, these effects were greater in hormonal receptor-positive and luminal-A tumors, but were not significant in other subgroups. Logistic models including TGFB1 variants showed that in luminal-A tumors, G-875A retained its significance while TGFB1 haplotype showed a trend towards significance; otherwise, in HER2+ tumors TGFB1 variants remained significant while TGFBR2 showed a trend for association. There was no interaction between these genes. In correlation analyses, G-875A positively correlated with histopathological grade in total sample, and a trend towards significance was observed in triple-negative BCs. CONCLUSION These results indicate that G-875A is a protective factor against BC, especially from luminal-A subtype, but may promote anaplasia in established tumors, consistent with TGFβ signaling roles in BC.
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221
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REGγ ablation impedes dedifferentiation of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and accentuates radio-therapeutic response by regulating the Smad7-TGF-β pathway. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:497-508. [PMID: 31243343 PMCID: PMC7205985 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive human thyroid malignancy, characterized by dedifferentiation and resistance to radioiodine therapy. The underlying mechanisms regulating ATC dedifferentiation are largely unknown. Here, we show that REGγ, a noncanonical proteasome activator highly expressed in ATC, is an important regulator of differentiation in ATC cells. Ablation of REGγ significantly restored expression of thyroid-specific genes, enhanced iodine uptake, and improved the efficacy of 131I therapy in ATC xenograft models. Mechanistically, REGγ directly binds to the TGF-β signaling antagonist Smad7 and promotes its degradation, leading to the activation of the TGF-β signal pathway. With gain- and loss-of-function studies, we demonstrate that Smad7 is an important mediator for the REGγ function in ATC cell dedifferentiation, which is supported by expression profiles in human ATC tissues. It seems that REGγ impinges on repression of thyroid-specific genes and promotion of tumor malignancy in ATC cells by activating the TGF-β signal pathway via degradation of Smad7. Thus, REGγ may serve as a novel therapeutic target for allowing radioiodine therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer patients with poor prognosis.
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222
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Foulsham W, Dohlman TH, Mittal SK, Taketani Y, Singh RB, Masli S, Dana R. Thrombospondin-1 in ocular surface health and disease. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:374-383. [PMID: 31173926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) is an extracellular matrix protein that interacts with a wide array of ligands including cell receptors, growth factors, cytokines and proteases to regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Constitutively expressed by certain ocular surface tissues (e.g. corneal and conjunctival epithelium), TSP-1 expression is modulated during ocular surface inflammation. TSP-1 is an important activator of latent TGF-β, serving to promote the immunomodulatory and wound healing functions of TGF-β. Mounting research has deepened our understanding of how TSP-1 expression (and lack thereof) contributes to ocular surface homeostasis and disease. Here, we review current knowledge of the function of TSP-1 in dry eye disease, ocular allergy, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, corneal transplantation, corneal wound healing and infectious keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Foulsham
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yukako Taketani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sharmila Masli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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223
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Unveiling Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Organizing Function in Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040823. [PMID: 30769851 PMCID: PMC6413004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a fundamental process attributed to the functions of adult stem cells. In the last decades, delivery of suspended adult stem cells is widely adopted in regenerative medicine as a leading means of cell therapy. However, adult stem cells cannot complete the task of human body regeneration effectively by themselves as far as they need a receptive microenvironment (the niche) to engraft and perform properly. Understanding the mechanisms underlying mammalian regeneration leads us to an assumption that improved outcomes of cell therapy require a specific microenvironment that is generated in damaged areas prior to stem cell delivery. To a certain extent, it may be achieved by the delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), not in dispersed form, but rather in self-organized cell sheets (CS) ⁻ tissue-like structures comprised of viable cells and microenvironment components: extracellular matrix and soluble factors deposited in the matrix. In this review, we highlight the potential role of MSCs as regeneration organizers and speculate that this function emerges in CS. This concept shifts our understanding of the therapeutic mechanism underlying a widely known CS-based delivery method for regenerative medicine.
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224
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Fathollahi A, Aslani S, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Epigenetics in osteoarthritis: Novel spotlight. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12309-12324. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Fathollahi
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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225
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Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Cursons J, Huntington ND. The Emergence of Natural Killer Cells as a Major Target in Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:142-158. [PMID: 30639050 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune 'checkpoint' inhibitors can increase the activity of tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes and have revolutionized cancer treatment. Current therapies block inhibitory pathways in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and recent studies have shown similar programs in other effector populations such as natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are critical for immunosurveillance, particularly the control of metastatic cells or hematological cancers. However, how NK cells specifically recognize transformed cells and dominant negative feedback pathways, as well as how tumors escape NK cell control, remains undefined. This review summarizes recent advances that have illuminated inhibitory checkpoints in NK cells, some of which are shared with conventional cytotoxic T lymphocytes. It also outlines emerging approaches aimed at unleashing the potential of NK cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Joseph Cursons
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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226
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Potential function of TGF-β isoforms in maturation-stage ameloblasts. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:43-54. [PMID: 30929801 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate potential functions of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms in maturation-stage ameloblasts during amelogenesis. METHODS In vivo activation of TGF-β was characterized by using matrix metalloproteinase 20 null (Mmp20-/-) and wild-type (Mmp20+/+) mice. Using mHAT9d cells cultured in the presence of each TGF-β isoform, (1) cell proliferation was determined by MTS assay, (2) immunostaining with anti-cleaved caspase-3 monoclonal antibody was performed and apoptotic indices were measured, (3) gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR, and (4) the uptake of amelogenin into mHAT9d cells was directly observed using a fluorescence microscope. RESULTS TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were present in the enamel matrix of developing teeth which were activated by MMP20 in vivo. A genetic study revealed that the three TGF-β isoforms upregulate kallikrein 4 (KLK4) mRNA levels but downregulate carbonic anhydrase II. Moreover, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 significantly upregulated the mRNA level of amelotin, whereas TGF-β3 dramatically downregulated the mRNA levels of odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM), family with sequence similarity 83 member H (FAM83H), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Immunostaining analysis showed that the apoptosis of mHAT9d cells is induced by three TGF-β isoforms, with TGF-β3 being most effective. Both TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 induced endocytosis of amelogenin. CONCLUSIONS We propose that TGF-β is regulated in an isoform-specific manner to perform multiple biological functions such as gene expression related to the structure of basal lamina/ameloblasts, mineral ion transport, apoptosis, and endocytosis in maturation-stage ameloblasts.
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Ščigalková I, Bystroňová J, Kovářová L, Pravda M, Velebný V, Riabov V, Klüter H, Kzhyshkowska J, Vrana NE. The effect of healing phenotype-inducing cytokine formulations within soft hydrogels on encapsulated monocytes and incoming immune cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21396-21404. [PMID: 35521319 PMCID: PMC9066154 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels made from the derivatives of gelatin and hyaluronic acid were used as coatings to control the immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lenka Kovářová
- Contipro a.s
- 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc
- Czech Republic
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | | | - Vladimir Riabov
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology
- Medical Faculty Mannheim
- University of Heidelberg
- 68167 Mannheim
- Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology
- Medical Faculty Mannheim
- University of Heidelberg
- 68167 Mannheim
- Germany
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology
- Medical Faculty Mannheim
- University of Heidelberg
- 68167 Mannheim
- Germany
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- Protip Medical
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
- Inserm UMR 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- 67085 Strasbourg
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228
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Rossato VV, Silveira DA, Gupta S, Mombach JCM. Towards the contribution of the p38MAPK pathway to the dual role of TGFβ in cancer: A boolean model approach. Comput Biol Med 2018; 104:235-240. [PMID: 30530226 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway is involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In normal cells or in the early stages of cancer, this pathway can control proliferation stimuli by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis (through the MAP-kinase protein p38MAPK), while in late stages it seems to act as a tumor promoter. This feature is known as the TGF-β dual role in cancer and it is not completely explained. This seems to arise through the accumulation of mutations in cancer development that affect the normal function of these pathways. In this work we propose a Boolean model of the crosstalk between the TGF-β, p38 MAPK and cell cycle checkpoint pathways which qualitatively describes this dual behavior. The model shows that for the wild type case, TGF-β acts as tumor supressor by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, as expected. However, the loss of function (LoF) of its two signaling proteins: SMAD2 and SMAD3 has immortalization effects due to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway that contributes to inhibit apoptosis. In silico mutations of the model elements were compared with cell phenotypes in experiments presenting agreement. In addition, we performed a series of double gene perturbations (that simulate random deleterious mutations) to determine the main regulators of the network. The results suggest that SMAD2/3 and p38MAPK are key players in processing the network input. In addition, when the LoF of SMAD2/3 is combined with the LoF of p38MAPK and p53, cell cycle arrest is completely abrogated. In conclusion, the model allows to visualize, through in silico mutations, the dual role of TGF-β: for the wild-type case TGF-β is able to block proliferation, however deleterious mutations can impair cell cycle arrest promoting cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daner A Silveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Shantanu Gupta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Maskarinec G, Ju D, Fong J, Horio D, Chan O, Loo LWM, Hernandez BY. Mammographic density and breast tissue expression of inflammatory markers, growth factors, and vimentin. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1191. [PMID: 30497427 PMCID: PMC6267911 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mammographic density is a known risk factor for breast cancer, but the underlying pathologic characteristics are not well understood. The current analysis investigated the expression of several markers of interest, e.g., inflammation and growth, with mammographic density (MD) in normal and malignant breast tissue specimens from 279 women of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Methods Breast cancer cases, recruited from a nested case-control study within the MEC, provided mammograms for density evaluation. Protein expression (COX-2, TNF-α, TGF-β, IGF-1R, IGFBP-2, and vimentin) was assessed by immunohistochemical detection. Linear regression was applied to evaluate the relation between marker expression and percent density and to compute adjusted means with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by marker status while adjusting for confounders. Results Due to missing cores and tissue, normal tissue could only be evaluated for COX-2 and vimentin. No significant associations with mammographic density were detected for all markers analyzed. For inflammatory markers (TNF-α, COX-2, and TGF-β) in tumor tissue, MD were non-significantly higher with stronger expression but the differences were very small. For example, the mean MD values for no, weak, and strong TNF-α expression were 35% (95% CI 24–47%), 39% (95% CI 29–48%), and 38% (95% CI 27–50%). In a posthoc analysis among postmenopausal women only, the difference across categories of TNF-α expression increased to 25% (95% CI 12–39%), 35% (95% CI 23–48%), and 35% (95% CI 20–49%). Conclusions The current analysis offers little support for an involvement of immunohistochemical markers representing inflammatory and growth factor pathways as predictors of breast density. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5088-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertraud Maskarinec
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Dan Ju
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Jaimie Fong
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - David Horio
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Owen Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Lenora W M Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Brenda Y Hernandez
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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Lyons DO, Plewes MR, Pullen NA. Soluble transforming growth factor beta-1 enhances murine mast cell release of Interleukin 6 in IgE-independent and Interleukin 13 in IgE-dependent settings in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207704. [PMID: 30444930 PMCID: PMC6239331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For immune cells transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) can enhance or repress effector functions. Here, we characterize the effects of TGF-β1 on IgE-mediated and IL-33-mediated activation of primary murine mast cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells (bone marrow derived mast cells; BMMC). We also investigated potential interactions between TGF-β1 and stem cell factor (SCF). We conclude TGF-β1 plays a selectively stimulatory role for mast cell cultures in vitro. METHODS BMMCs from C57BL/6 mice were differentiated with IL-3 and then treated with TGF-β1. BMMCs were exposed to TGF-β1, primed with IgE, activated with antigen, and then IL-6 and IL-13 cytokine release was quantified using ELISA. Additionally, the effects of TGF-β1 on both IgE and IL-33-mediated short term activation were observed via flow cytometric analysis of both surface LAMP-1 expression and intracellular IL-6. Receptor colocalization was visualized using fluorescence confocal microscopy and individual receptor expression levels were also quantified. RESULTS Resting IL-6 production increased with TGF-β1 but significance was lost following BMMC activation via IgE receptor (FcεRI) crosslinking. This was similar to a comparison effect due to SCF treatment alone, which also enhanced resting levels of IL-6. TGF-β1 treatment enhanced release of IL-13 only with FcεRI-IgE-mediated activation. TGF-β1 suppressed mobilization of IL-6 with short-term BMMC activation when stimulated with IL-33. Lastly, colocalization patterns of the SCF receptor (CD117) and FcεRI with IgE crosslinking were unaffected by TGF-β1 treatment, but individual expression levels for FcεRI, CD117, and TGFβRII were all reduced following either IgE activation or TGF-β1 treatment; this reduction was partially recovered in BMMCs that were both activated by IgE and treated with TGF-β1. DISCUSSION These data reveal a novel positive effect of soluble TGF-β1 on mast cell activation in vitro, suggesting mast cells may be activated through a non-canonical pathway by TGF-β1. Understanding this interaction will provide insight into the potential role of mast cells in settings where TGF-β1 is produced in an aberrant manner, such as in and around high grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O. Lyons
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michele R. Plewes
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Pullen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, United States of America
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Tyeb S, Kumar N, Kumar A, Verma V. Flexible agar-sericin hydrogel film dressing for chronic wounds. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:572-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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232
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Graceffa V, Vinatier C, Guicheux J, Evans CH, Stoddart M, Alini M, Zeugolis DI. State of art and limitations in genetic engineering to induce stable chondrogenic phenotype. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1855-1869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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233
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Guo L, Smith JA, Abelson M, Vlasova-St. Louis I, Schiff LA, Bohjanen PR. Reovirus infection induces stabilization and up-regulation of cellular transcripts that encode regulators of TGF-β signaling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204622. [PMID: 30261045 PMCID: PMC6160134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reovirus infection induces dramatic changes in host mRNA expression. We utilized oligonucleotide microarrays to measure cellular mRNA decay rates in mock- or reovirus-infected murine L929 cells to determine if changes in host mRNA expression are a consequence of reovirus-induced alterations in cellular mRNA stability. Our analysis detected a subset of cellular transcripts that were coordinately induced and stabilized following infection with the reovirus isolates c87 and c8, strains that led to an inhibition of cellular translation, but not following infection with Dearing, a reovirus isolate that did not negatively impact cellular translation. The induced and stabilized transcripts encode multiple regulators of TGF- β signaling, including components of the Smad signaling network and apoptosis/survival pathways. The coordinate induction, through mRNA stabilization, of multiple genes that encode components of TGF-β signaling pathways represents a novel mechanism by which the host cell responds to reovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Program in Infection and Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology Training Program, Graduate Program in Comparative and Molecular Bioscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michelle Abelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Irina Vlasova-St. Louis
- Program in Infection and Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Schiff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Bohjanen
- Program in Infection and Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology Training Program, Graduate Program in Comparative and Molecular Bioscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Combined Treatment with Zinc Aspartate and Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs) Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5982169. [PMID: 30356433 PMCID: PMC6178489 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5982169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are widely used in replacement therapy of primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders and in approved autoimmune indications. In addition, IVIG application is used off-label for treatment of other autoimmune diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory autoimmune disorder with a clear T cell-mediated immune pathogenesis. The trace element zinc is shown to play a regulatory role in the maintenance of immune functions. Changes of zinc homeostasis affect both the innate and the adaptive immune system. On one hand, therapeutic zinc supplementation can normalize impaired immune functions due to zinc deficiency. On the other hand, therapeutic zinc supplementation is under consideration as a possible option to treat T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of IVIG (Octagam®), zinc aspartate (Unizink®), and the combined application of both preparations in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. Therapeutic intraperitoneal application of zinc aspartate significantly diminished clinical signs during the relapsing-remitting phase of EAE in SJL/J mice. In contrast, IVIG given in a therapeutic manner did not influence the course of EAE. Interestingly, the combined application of both, IVIG and zinc aspartate, significantly reduced the severity of the disease during the acute and the relapsing-remitting phase of the EAE. Our data suggest that the combination of IVIG and zinc aspartate may have beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases, like MS. Further studies should verify the benefit of a controlled immunosuppressive therapy with IVIG and zinc for such diseases.
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Xin L, Jiang M, Su G, Xie M, Chen H, Liu X, Xu M, Zhang G, Gong J. The association between transforming growth factor beta1 polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis: A meta-analysis (MOOSE compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11876. [PMID: 30212926 PMCID: PMC6155963 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) gene with pulmonary fibrosis (PF), but their association is still controversial. To clarify this, we performed a meta-analysis.Studies related to TGF-β1 and PF were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Wanfang (up to November 30, 2017). We targeted TGF-β1 SNPs that have been reported by ≥3 studies to be included in the current meta-analysis, resulting in only 1 final SNP (rs1800470). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in the models of allele comparison (T vs C), homozygote comparison (TT vs CC), dominant (TT vs TC + CC), recessive (TT + TC vs CC) to evaluate the strength of the associations.A total of 7 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant association between TGF-β1 rs1800470 and PF was found (T vs C: OR [95% CI] = 0.96 [0.80, 1.15]; TT vs CC: 0.87 [0.61, 1.22]; TT vs TC + CC: 0.80 [0.62, 1.04]; TT + TC vs CC: 1.13 [0.83, 1.54]). In subgroup analyses by ethnicity or original disease, no statistically significant association between TGF-β1 rs1800470 polymorphisms and PF was demonstrated.This meta-analysis revealed that TGF-β1 rs1800470 polymorphism was not associated with susceptibility to PF development.
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Murphy-Ullrich JE, Suto MJ. Thrombospondin-1 regulation of latent TGF-β activation: A therapeutic target for fibrotic disease. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:28-43. [PMID: 29288716 PMCID: PMC6015530 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a central player in fibrotic disease. Clinical trials with global inhibitors of TGF-β have been disappointing, suggesting that a more targeted approach is warranted. Conversion of the latent precursor to the biologically active form of TGF-β represents a novel approach to selectively modulating TGF-β in disease, as mechanisms employed to activate latent TGF-β are typically cell, tissue, and/or disease specific. In this review, we will discuss the role of the matricellular protein, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), in regulation of latent TGF-β activation and the use of an antagonist of TSP-1 mediated TGF-β activation in a number of diverse fibrotic diseases. In particular, we will discuss the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway in fibrotic complications of diabetes, liver fibrosis, and in multiple myeloma. We will also discuss emerging evidence for a role for TSP-1 in arterial remodeling, biomechanical modulation of TGF-β activity, and in immune dysfunction. As TSP-1 expression is upregulated by factors induced in fibrotic disease, targeting the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway potentially represents a more selective approach to controlling TGF-β activity in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
| | - Mark J Suto
- Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, United States
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Leman JKH, Sandford SK, Rhodes JL, Kemp RA. Multiparametric analysis of colorectal cancer immune responses. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2995-3005. [PMID: 30038466 PMCID: PMC6054948 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i27.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, with a diverse and plastic immune cell infiltrate. These immune cells play an important role in regulating tumour growth - progression or elimination. Some populations of cells have a strong correlation with disease-free survival, making them useful prognostic markers. In particular, the infiltrate of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells into CRC tumours has been validated worldwide as a valuable indicator of patient prognosis. However, the heterogeneity of the immune response, both between patients with tumours of different molecular subtypes, and within the tumour itself, necessitates the use of multiparametric analysis in the investigation of tumour-specific immune responses. This review will outline the multiparametric analysis techniques that have been developed and applied to studying the role of immune cells in the tumour, with a focus on colorectal cancer. Because much of the data in this disease relates to T cell subsets and heterogeneity, we have used T cell populations as examples throughout. Flow and mass cytometry give a detailed representation of the cells within the tumour in a single-cell suspension on a per-cell basis. Imaging technologies, such as imaging mass cytometry, are used to investigate increasing numbers of markers whilst retaining the spatial and structural information of the tumour section and the infiltrating immune cells. Together, the analyses of multiple immune parameters can provide valuable information to guide clinical decision-making in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia KH Leman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Sarah K Sandford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Janet L Rhodes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
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238
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Morkmued S, Hemmerle J, Mathieu E, Laugel-Haushalter V, Dabovic B, Rifkin DB, Dollé P, Niederreither K, Bloch-Zupan A. Enamel and dental anomalies in latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 3 mutant mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 125:8-17. [PMID: 28084688 PMCID: PMC5260799 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Latent‐transforming growth factor beta‐binding protein 3 (LTBP‐3) is important for craniofacial morphogenesis and hard tissue mineralization, as it is essential for activation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). To investigate the role of LTBP‐3 in tooth formation we performed micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), histology, and scanning electron microscopy analyses of adult Ltbp3‐/‐ mice. The Ltbp3‐/‐ mutants presented with unique craniofacial malformations and reductions in enamel formation that began at the matrix formation stage. Organization of maturation‐stage ameloblasts was severely disrupted. The lateral side of the incisor was affected most. Reduced enamel mineralization, modification of the enamel prism pattern, and enamel nodules were observed throughout the incisors, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Molar roots had internal irregular bulbous‐like formations. The cementum thickness was reduced, and microscopic dentinal tubules showed minor nanostructural changes. Thus, LTBP‐3 is required for ameloblast differentiation and for the formation of decussating enamel prisms, to prevent enamel nodule formation, and for proper root morphogenesis. Also, and consistent with the role of TGF‐β signaling during mineralization, almost all craniofacial bone components were affected in Ltbp3‐/‐ mice, especially those involving the upper jaw and snout. This mouse model demonstrates phenotypic overlap with Verloes Bourguignon syndrome, also caused by mutation of LTBP3, which is hallmarked by craniofacial anomalies and amelogenesis imperfecta phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawich Morkmued
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Joseph Hemmerle
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Inserm UMR1121 Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Mathieu
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Inserm UMR1121 Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Branka Dabovic
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel B Rifkin
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascal Dollé
- CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR_7104, INSERM U964, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine (CERBM), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, O Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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239
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Naderi N, Ebrahimzadeh F, Jazebi M, Namvar A, Hashemi M, Bolhassani A. Polymorphisms in the TGF-β1 (rs1982037) and IL-2 (rs2069762, rs4833248) genes are not associated with inhibitor development in Iranian patients with hemophilia A. Hematology 2018; 23:839-843. [PMID: 29993342 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2018.1498168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Development of neutralizing antibodies against factor VIII is the major complication in hemophilia care which makes replacement therapies ineffective. The reports showed that inflammatory cytokines play an important role in inhibitor production. In the present study, the relationship between inhibitor development and the polymorphisms of two cytokine genes was studied in severe hemophiliac patients from Iran. Methods In this case-control study, three polymorphisms of immune regulatory genes [TGF-β (rs1982037) and IL-2 (rs2069762, rs4833248)] were analyzed in 100 Iranian hemophilia A patients divided into 55 inhibitor positive and 45 inhibitor negative patients using Tetra primer ARMS PCR, and DNA sequencing. Results The analysis of polymorphisms in the TGF-β and IL-2 genes showed no association between the genotypes and the production of inhibitors (p > 0.05). Also, comparison of allele frequencies for TGF-β and IL-2 genes between two groups indicated no significant differences associated with the development of FVIII inhibitors (p > 0.05). Discussion In contrast with some reports involving the correlation between polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 and IL-2 genes and inhibitor development in the world, no statistically significant differences in analysis of the alleles and genotypes for TGF-β and IL-2 genes were found between the inhibitor and non-inhibitor Iranian patients. Thus, other genetic markers influencing the immune response to replacement therapy in patients with hemophilia should be identified. Conclusions Regarding our results in molecular predisposition for inhibitor development, further studies of effective genetic markers are required as a prerequisite for the development of novel immunogenic therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Naderi
- a Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fariba Ebrahimzadeh
- b Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Jazebi
- a Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- a Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- b Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- c Department of Hepatitis and AIDS , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
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240
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Hendrikse SIS, Spaans S, Meijer EW, Dankers PYW. Supramolecular Platform Stabilizing Growth Factors. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2610-2617. [PMID: 29677449 PMCID: PMC6041774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of supplemented growth factors can cause oversaturation and adverse effects in in vitro and in vivo studies, though these supraphysiological concentrations are often required due to the low stability of growth factors. Here we demonstrate the stabilization of TGF-β1 and BMP4 using supramolecular polymers. Inspired by heparan sulfate, sulfonated peptides were presented on a supramolecular polymer to allow for noncovalent binding to growth factors in solution. After mixing with excipient molecules, both TGF-β1 and BMP4 were shown to have a prolonged half-life compared to the growth factors free in solution. Moreover, high cellular response was measured by a luciferase assay, indicating that TGF-β1 remained highly active upon binding to the supramolecular assembly. The results demonstrate that significant lower concentrations of growth factors can be used when supramolecular polymers bearing growth factor binding moieties are implemented. This approach can also be exploited in hydrogel systems to control growth factor release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone I. S. Hendrikse
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Spaans
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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241
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Low-dose ionizing radiation exposure represses the cell cycle and protein synthesis pathways in in vitro human primary keratinocytes and U937 cell lines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199117. [PMID: 29912936 PMCID: PMC6005503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the high-dose ionizing radiation used in radiotherapy have been thoroughly demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) such as computed tomography-guided biopsies and X-ray fluoroscopy on skin cells remain controversial. This study investigated the molecular effects of LDIR on the human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) and U937 cells, monocytes-like cell lines. These cells were exposed to 0.1 Gray (Gy) X-ray as LDIR. The modulation of transcription was assessed using a cDNA array, and the protein expression after LDIR exposure was investigated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis at 24 hours. These effects were confirmed by immunoblotting analysis. The direct effects of LDIR on the U937 cells and HPKs and the bystander effects of irradiated HPKs on U937 cells were also investigated. LDIR downregulated c-Myc in both U937 cells and HPKs, and upregulated the p21WAF1/CIP1 protein expression in U937 cells along with the activation of TGFβ and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). In HPKs, LDIR downregulated the mTOR signaling with repression of S6 and 4EBP1 activation. Similar changes were observed as bystander effects of LDIR. Our findings suggest that LDIR inhibits protein synthesis and induces the cytokines activation associated with inflammation via direct and bystander effects, which might recapitulate the effects of LDIR in inflammated skin structures.
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242
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Maly IV, Hofmann WA. Fatty Acids and Calcium Regulation in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060788. [PMID: 29921791 PMCID: PMC6024573 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a widespread malignancy characterized by a comparative ease of primary diagnosis and difficulty in choosing the individualized course of treatment. Management of prostate cancer would benefit from a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the transition to the lethal, late-stage forms of the disease, which could potentially yield new biomarkers for differential prognosis and treatment prioritization in addition to possible new therapeutic targets. Epidemiological research has uncovered a significant correlation of prostate cancer incidence and progression with the intake (and often co-intake) of fatty acids and calcium. Additionally, there is evidence of the impact of these nutrients on intracellular signaling, including the mechanisms mediated by the calcium ion as a second messenger. The present review surveys the recent literature on the molecular mechanisms associated with the critical steps in the prostate cancer progression, with special attention paid to the regulation of these processes by fatty acids and calcium homeostasis. Testable hypotheses are put forward that integrate some of the recent results in a more unified picture of these phenomena at the interface of cell signaling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Maly
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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243
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Bolognese AC, Yang WL, Hansen LW, Sharma A, Nicastro JM, Coppa GF, Wang P. Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Redirects the Inflammatory Response in Neonatal Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:833. [PMID: 29720984 PMCID: PMC5922987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in the neonatal population, due to susceptibility to infection conferred by immaturity of both the innate and adaptive components of the immune system. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are specialized adaptive immune cells that possess important innate-like characteristics and have not yet been well-studied in septic neonates. We hypothesized that iNKT cells would play an important role in mediating the neonatal immune response to sepsis. To study this, we subjected 5- to 7-day-old neonatal C57BL/6 mice to sepsis by intraperitoneal (i.p.) cecal slurry (CS) injection. Thirty hours prior to or immediately following sepsis induction, pups received i.p. injection of the iNKT stimulator KRN7000 (KRN, 0.2 µg/g) or vehicle. Ten hours after CS injection, blood and tissues were collected for various analyses. Thirty-hour pretreatment with KRN resulted in better outcomes in inflammation, lung injury, and survival, while immediate treatment with KRN resulted in worse outcomes compared to vehicle treatment. We further analyzed the activation status of neonatal iNKT cells for 30 h after KRN administration, and showed a peak in frequency of CD69 expression on iNKT cells and serum IFN-γ levels at 5 and 10 h, respectively. We then used CD1d knockout neonatal mice to demonstrate that KRN acts through the major histocompatibility complex-like molecule CD1d to improve outcomes in neonatal sepsis. Finally, we identified that KRN pretreatment exerts its protective effect by increasing systemic levels of TGF-β1. These findings support the importance of iNKT cells for prophylactic immunomodulation in neonates susceptible to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Bolognese
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Laura W Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Archna Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Nicastro
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Gene F Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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244
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Hussain SM, Reed LF, Krasnick BA, Miranda-Carboni G, Fields RC, Bi Y, Elahi A, Ajidahun A, Dickson PV, Deneve JL, Hawkins WG, Shibata D, Glazer ES. IL23 and TGF-ß diminish macrophage associated metastasis in pancreatic carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5808. [PMID: 29643359 PMCID: PMC5895618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise role of tumor associated macrophages remains unclear in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) while TGF-ß has an unclear role in metastases formation. In order to understand the role of IL23, an interleukin associated with macrophage polarization, we investigated IL23 in the context of TGF-ß expression in PDAC. We hypothesized that IL23 expression is associated with metastatic development and survival in PDAC. We investigated IL23 and TGF-ß protein expression on resected PDAC patient tumor sections who were divided into short-term (<12 months) survivors and long-term (>30 months) survivors. Panc-1 cells treated with IL23, TGF-ß, macrophages, or combinations thereof, were orthotopically implanted into NSG mice. Patients in the long-term survivor group had higher IL23 protein expression (P = 0.01). IL23 expression was linearly correlated with TGF-ß expression in patients in the short-term survivor group (P = 0.038). Macrophages induce a higher rate of PDAC metastasis in the mouse model (P = 0.02), which is abrogated by IL23 and TGF-ß treatment (P < 0.001). Macrophages serve a critical role in PDAC tumor growth and metastasis. TGF-ß contributes to a less tumorigenic TME through regulation of macrophages. Macrophages increases PDAC primary tumor growth and metastases formation while combined IL23 and TGF-ß pre-treatment diminishes these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leighton F Reed
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bradley A Krasnick
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ryan C Fields
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ye Bi
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abul Elahi
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Paxton V Dickson
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,UT West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah L Deneve
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,UT West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Shibata
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,UT West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Evan S Glazer
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. .,UT West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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245
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Rea IM, Gibson DS, McGilligan V, McNerlan SE, Alexander HD, Ross OA. Age and Age-Related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:586. [PMID: 29686666 PMCID: PMC5900450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of the immune system at older age, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control systemic inflammation, which seems to be a marker of unsuccessful aging. This reshaping of cytokine expression pattern, with a progressive tendency toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been called "inflamm-aging." Despite research there is no clear understanding about the causes of "inflamm-aging" that underpin most major age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and aging itself. While inflammation is part of the normal repair response for healing, and essential in keeping us safe from bacterial and viral infections and noxious environmental agents, not all inflammation is good. When inflammation becomes prolonged and persists, it can become damaging and destructive. Several common molecular pathways have been identified that are associated with both aging and low-grade inflammation. The age-related change in redox balance, the increase in age-related senescent cells, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the decline in effective autophagy that can trigger the inflammasome, suggest that it may be possible to delay age-related diseases and aging itself by suppressing pro-inflammatory molecular mechanisms or improving the timely resolution of inflammation. Conversely there may be learning from molecular or genetic pathways from long-lived cohorts who exemplify good quality aging. Here, we will discuss some of the current ideas and highlight molecular pathways that appear to contribute to the immune imbalance and the cytokine dysregulation, which is associated with "inflammageing" or parainflammation. Evidence of these findings will be drawn from research in cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
- Care of Elderly Medicine, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Gibson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria McGilligan
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. McNerlan
- Regional Genetics Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - H. Denis Alexander
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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246
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Eser PÖ, Jänne PA. TGFβ pathway inhibition in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 184:112-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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247
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Herkenhoff ME, Oliveira AC, Nachtigall PG, Costa JM, Campos VF, Hilsdorf AWS, Pinhal D. Fishing Into the MicroRNA Transcriptome. Front Genet 2018; 9:88. [PMID: 29616080 PMCID: PMC5868305 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, several studies have been focused on revealing the microRNA (miRNA) repertoire and determining their functions in farm animals such as poultry, pigs, cattle, and fish. These small non-protein coding RNA molecules (18-25 nucleotides) are capable of controlling gene expression by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) targets, thus interfering in the final protein output. MiRNAs have been recognized as the main regulators of biological features of economic interest, including body growth, muscle development, fat deposition, and immunology, among other highly valuable traits, in aquatic livestock. Currently, the miRNA repertoire of some farmed fish species has been identified and characterized, bringing insights about miRNA functions, and novel perspectives for improving health and productivity. In this review, we summarize the current advances in miRNA research by examining available data on Neotropical and other key species exploited by fisheries and in aquaculture worldwide and discuss how future studies on Neotropical fish could benefit from this knowledge. We also make a horizontal comparison of major results and discuss forefront strategies for miRNA manipulation in aquaculture focusing on forward-looking ideas for forthcoming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos E. Herkenhoff
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Arthur C. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Pedro G. Nachtigall
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Juliana M. Costa
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F. Campos
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics (GenEstrut), Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Technology Developmental Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Danillo Pinhal
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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248
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is critical for cell proliferation and differentiation in dental pulp. Here, we show the dynamic mechanisms of TGF-β in porcine dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin. The mRNA of latent TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 is predominantly expressed in odontoblasts, whereas the mRNA expression level of latent TGF-β2 is high in dental pulp. TGF-β1 is a major isoform of TGF-β, and latent TGF-β1, synthesized in dental pulp, is primarily activated by matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11). Activated TGF-β1 enhances the mRNA expression levels of MMP20 and full-length dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in dental pulp cells, coinciding with the induction of odontoblast differentiation. Latent TGF-β1 synthesized in odontoblasts is primarily activated by MMP2 and MMP20 in both odontoblasts and dentin. The activity level of TGF-β1 was reduced in the dentin of MMP20 null mice, although the amount of latent TGF-β1 expression did not change between wild-type and MMP20 null mice. TGF-β1 activity was reduced with the degradation of DSPP-derived proteins that occurs with ageing. We propose that to exert its multiple biological functions, TGF-β1 is involved in a complicated dynamic interaction with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or DSPP-derived proteins present in dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin.
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Abramson HN. Kinase inhibitors as potential agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81926-81968. [PMID: 27655636 PMCID: PMC5348443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of therapeutic options available for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - from immunomodulating agents to proteasome inhibitors to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies. Used in conjunction with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, these modalities have nearly doubled the disease's five-year survival rate over the last three decades to about 50%. In spite of these advances, MM still is considered incurable as resistance and relapse are common. While small molecule protein kinase inhibitors have made inroads in the therapy of a number of cancers, to date their application to MM has been less than successful. Focusing on MM, this review examines the roles played by a number of kinases in driving the malignant state and the rationale for target development in the design of a number of kinase inhibitors that have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in both in vitro and in vivo xenograph models, as well as those that have entered clinical trials. Among the targets and their inhibitors examined are receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, cell cycle control kinases, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, casein kinase, integrin-linked kinase, sphingosine kinase, and kinases involved in the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Lord DM, Bird JJ, Honey DM, Best A, Park A, Wei RR, Qiu H. Structure-based engineering to restore high affinity binding of an isoform-selective anti-TGFβ1 antibody. MAbs 2018; 10:444-452. [PMID: 29333938 PMCID: PMC5916551 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1426421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metelimumab (CAT192) is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody developed as a TGFβ1-specific antagonist. It was tested in clinical trials for the treatment of scleroderma but later terminated due to lack of efficacy. Subsequent characterization of CAT192 indicated that its TGFβ1 binding affinity was reduced by ∼50-fold upon conversion from the parental single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to IgG4. We hypothesized this result was due to decreased conformational flexibility of the IgG that could be altered via engineering. Therefore, we designed insertion mutants in the elbow region and screened for binding and potency. Our results indicated that increasing the elbow region linker length in each chain successfully restored the isoform-specific and high affinity binding of CAT192 to TGFβ1. The crystal structure of the high binding affinity mutant displays large conformational rearrangements of the variable domains compared to the wild-type antigen-binding fragment (Fab) and the low binding affinity mutants. Insertion of two glycines in both the heavy and light chain elbow regions provided sufficient flexibility for the variable domains to extend further apart than the wild-type Fab, and allow the CDR3s to make additional interactions not seen in the wild-type Fab structure. These interactions coupled with the dramatic conformational changes provide a possible explanation of how the scFv and elbow-engineered Fabs bind TGFβ1 with high affinity. This study demonstrates the benefits of re-examining both structure and function when converting scFv to IgG molecules, and highlights the potential of structure-based engineering to produce fully functional antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Lord
- a Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
| | - Julie J Bird
- a Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
| | | | - Annie Best
- b Biopharmaceutics Development, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
| | - Anna Park
- a Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
| | - Ronnie R Wei
- a Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
| | - Huawei Qiu
- a Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
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