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Colàs-Campàs L, Farre J, Mauri-Capdevila G, Molina-Seguín J, Aymerich N, Ois Á, Roquer J, Tur S, García-Carreira MDC, Martí-Fàbregas J, Cruz-Culebras A, Segura T, Arque G, Purroy F. Inflammatory Response of Ischemic Tolerance in Circulating Plasma: Preconditioning-Induced by Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Phenomena in Acute Ischemia Patients (AIS). Front Neurol 2020; 11:552470. [PMID: 33192985 PMCID: PMC7658473 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.552470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic tolerance (IT) refers to a state where cells are resistant to the damaging effects caused by periods of ischemia. In a clinical scenario, the IT phenomenon would be activated by a recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) before an ischemic stroke (IS). The characterization of inflammatory protein expression patterns will contribute to improved understanding of IT. Methods: A total of 477 IS patients from nine hospitals, recruited between January 2011 and January 2016, were included in the current study and divided in three groups: 438 (91.9%) patients without previous TIA (group 1), 22 (4.6%) patients who suffered TIA 24 h before IS (group 2), and 17 (3.5%) patients who suffered TIA between 24 h and 7 days prior to IS (group 3). An inflammatory biomarker panel (IL-6, NT-proBNP, hsCRP, hs-Troponin, NSE, and S-100b) on plasma and a cytokine antibody array was performed to achieve the preconditioning signature potentially induced by TIA phenomena. Primary outcome was modified rankin scale (mRs) score at 90 days. Results: Recent previous TIA was associated with better clinical outcome at 90 days (median mRS of group 1: 2.0 [1.0–4.0]; group 2: 2.0 [0.0–3.0]; group 3: 1.0 [0–2.5]; p = 0.086) and smaller brain lesion (group 1: 3.7 [0.7–18.3]; group 2: 0.8 [0.3–8.9]; group 3: 0.6 [0.1–5.5] mL; p = 0.006). All inflammation biomarkers were down regulated in the groups of recent TIA prior to IS compared to those who did not suffer a TIA events. Moreover, a cytokine antibody array revealed 30 differentially expressed proteins between the three groups. Among them, HRG1-alpha (Fold change 74.4 between group 1 and 2; 74.2 between group 1 and 3) and MAC-1 (Fold change 0.05 between group 1 and 2; 0.06 between group 1 and 3) expression levels would better stratify patients with TIA 7 days before IS. These two proteins showed an earlier inflammation profile that was not detectable by the biomarker panel. Conclusion: Inflammatory pathways were activated by transient ischemic attack, however the period of time between this event and a further ischemic stroke could be determined by a protein signature that would contribute to define the role of ischemic tolerance induced by TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Colàs-Campàs
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Farre
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Medical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Mauri-Capdevila
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jessica Molina-Seguín
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Tur
- Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Tomás Segura
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Gloria Arque
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco Purroy
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
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202
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MiR-5787 Attenuates Macrophages-Mediated Inflammation by Targeting TLR4/NF-κB in Ischemic Cerebral Infarction. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:363-370. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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203
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Huang W, Lan Q, Jiang L, Yan W, Tang F, Shen C, Huang H, Zhong H, Lv J, Zeng S, Li M, Mo Z, Hu B, Liang N, Chen Q, Zhang M, Xu F, Cui L. Fasudil attenuates glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways after optic nerve crush. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8963-8973. [PMID: 33161529 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the functional role of fasudil in optic nerve crush (ONC), and further explore its possible molecular mechanism. After ONC injury, the rats were injected intraperitoneally either with fasudil or normal saline once a day until euthanized. RGCs survival was assessed by retrograde labeling with FluoroGold. Retinal glial cells activation and population changes (GFAP, iba-1) were measured by immunofluorescence. The expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and 9, p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT were detected by western blot. The levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fasudil treatment inhibited RGCs apoptosis and reduced RGCs loss demonstrated by the decreased apoptosis-associated proteins expression and the increased fluorogold labeling of RGCs after ONC, respectively. In addition, the ONC + fasudil group compared had a significantly lower expression of GFAP and iba1 compared with the ONC group. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in the ONC + fasudil group than in the ONC group. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT) were obviously elevated by the fasudil treatment. Our study demonstrated that fasudil attenuated glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation by up-regulating the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways in rats ONC models. We conclude that fasudil may be a novel treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qianqian Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenya Yan
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaolan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Siming Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongxiang Mo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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204
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Paul S, Candelario-Jalil E. Emerging neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke: An overview of clinical and preclinical studies. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113518. [PMID: 33144066 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and thesecond leading cause of death worldwide. With the global population aged 65 and over growing faster than all other age groups, the incidence of stroke is also increasing. In addition, there is a shift in the overall stroke burden towards younger age groups, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Stroke in most cases is caused due to an abrupt blockage of an artery (ischemic stroke), but in some instances stroke may be caused due to bleeding into brain tissue when a blood vessel ruptures (hemorrhagic stroke). Although treatment options for stroke are still limited, with the advancement in recanalization therapy using both pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis some progress has been made in helping patients recover from ischemic stroke. However, there is still a substantial need for the development of therapeutic agents for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke to protect the brain from damage prior to and during recanalization, extend the therapeutic time window for intervention and further improve functional outcome. The current review has assessed the past challenges in developing neuroprotective strategies, evaluated the recent advances in clinical trials, discussed the recent initiative by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in USA for the search of novel neuroprotectants (Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network, SPAN) and identified emerging neuroprotectants being currently evaluated in preclinical studies. The underlying molecular mechanism of each of the neuroprotective strategies have also been summarized, which could assist in the development of future strategies for combinational therapy in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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205
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Tscherpel C, Grefkes C. Funktionserholung nach Schlaganfall und die therapeutische Rolle der nicht-invasiven Hirnstimulation. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1272-9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungIm Bereich der non-invasiven Hirnstimulation stellen die transkranielle Magnetstimulation (engl. transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) sowie die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (engl. transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) bis heute die wichtigsten Techniken zur Modulation kortikaler Erregbarkeit dar. Beide Verfahren induzieren Nacheffekte, welche die Zeit der reinen Stimulation überdauern, und ebnen damit den Weg für ihren therapeutischen Einsatz beim Schlaganfall. In diesem Übersichtsartikel diskutieren wir die aktuelle Datenlage TMS- und tDCS-vermittelter Therapien für die häufigsten schlaganfallbedingten Defizite wie Hemiparese, Aphasie und Neglect. Darüber hinaus adressieren wir mögliche Einschränkungen der gegenwärtigen Ansätze und zeigen Ansatzpunkte auf, um Neuromodulation nach Schlaganfall effektiver zu gestalten und damit das Outcome der Patienten zu verbessern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tscherpel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinik Köln
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinik Köln
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich
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206
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Kong ZL, Hsu YT, Johnson A, Tsai TH, Miao S, He JL, Tsou D. Protective effects of Antrodia camphorata extract against hypoxic cell injury and ischemic stroke brain damage. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1609-1620. [PMID: 33103286 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most prevalent stroke condition in the world resulted in either a transient ischemic attack or long-lasting neurological problems due to the interrupted or reduced blood flow to the brain. Antrodia camphorata is a well-known medicinal mushroom native to Taiwan and is familiar due to its medicinal effects. The current study investigated the protective effect of A. camphorata-alcohol extracts (AC-AE) against cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2 )-induced oxidative stress in vitro and ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in vivo. The rats were pre-treated with AC-AE for 4 weeks. Our results showed that AC-AE reduced cell damage and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in C6 and PC12 cells under CoCl2 -induced hypoxic condition. AC-AE doses (385, 770, 1,540 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expressions and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions in Sprague Dawley rat. Besides, it decreased stroke infarct size and increased the level of antioxidants in both brain and serum. Furthermore, it reduced the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Our results suggested that AC-AE exerted an effective reduction of ischemia stroke by regulating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Athira Johnson
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Tsai
- Chi Hsien Spine Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Jia-Ling He
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - David Tsou
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
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207
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Park J, Chang JY, Kim JY, Lee JE. Monocyte Transmodulation: The Next Novel Therapeutic Approach in Overcoming Ischemic Stroke? Front Neurol 2020; 11:578003. [PMID: 33193029 PMCID: PMC7642685 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.578003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response following neuroinflammation is a vital element of ischemic stroke pathophysiology. After the onset of ischemic stroke, a specialized vasculature system that effectively protects central nervous system tissues from the invasion of blood cells and other macromolecules is broken down within minutes, thereby triggering the inflammation cascade, including the infiltration of peripheral blood leukocytes. In this series of processes, blood-derived monocytes have a significant effect on the outcome of ischemic stroke through neuroinflammatory responses. As neuroinflammation is a necessary and pivotal component of the reparative process after ischemic stroke, understanding the role of infiltrating monocytes in the modulation of inflammatory responses may offer a great opportunity to explore new therapies for ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss and highlight the function and involvement of monocytes in the brain after ischemic injury, as well as their impact on tissue damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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208
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Li C, Hu W, Wang J, Song X, Xiong X, Liu Z. A highly specific probe for the imaging of inflammation-induced endogenous nitric oxide produced during the stroke process. Analyst 2020; 145:6125-6129. [PMID: 32851996 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a turn-on two-photon fluorescent probe (Lyso-TP-NO) for nitric oxide (NO) was developed. It was synthesized using 4-ethylamino-1,8-naphthalimide as the two-photon fluorophore and N-methylaniline moiety as the reaction site. The probe and fluorophore were tested under one- and two-photon modes. The fluorescence intensity of the system was enhanced 23.1-fold after reacting with NO in the one-photon mode. However, the maximal two-photon action cross-section value of 200 GM was obtained under excitation at 840 nm. The probe exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity over other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), with a detection limit as low as 3.3 nM. The two-photon fluorescence imaging of living cells and mouse brain tissues can capture inflammation-induced endogenous NO production in lysosomes during stroke occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China.
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209
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Jiao J, Geng L, Zhang Z. Do We Need to Distinguish Thrombolysis and Nonthrombolysis Patients When Applying Stroke-Associated Pneumonia Predicting Scores? An External Validation from a 2-Center Database. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924129. [PMID: 32921786 PMCID: PMC7513614 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the lack of validation for predictive scoring of stroke-associated pneumonia in both thrombolysis- and nonthrombolysis-treated ischemic stroke (IS) patients, this study aimed to evaluate 4 scoring methods in the 2 subgroups. MATERIAL AND METHODS The CerebroVascular Database Project database included data from patients with cerebral IS that were admitted in 2 hospitals from February 2016 to January 2018. A total of 138 thrombolysis-treated and 138 nonthrombolysis-treated IS patients were enrolled. Area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were performed to examine the discrimination of the 4 scores, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit. RESULTS The incidence of stroke-associated pneumonia was 24.8%. The thrombolysis and nonthrombolysis subgroups were not significantly different with regard to sex, present smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease history, atrial fibrillation history, blood pressure, or glucose level on admission. However, significant differences were found in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (P<0.001), Glascow Coma Scale scores (P<0.001), Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification (P<0.001), dysphagia (P<0.001), and white blood cell counts (P=0.039). The AUROC for the Age, Atrial fibrillation, Dysphagia, male Sex, stroke Severity, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; Preventive ANtibacterial THERapy in acute Ischemic Stroke; Acute Ischemic Stroke-Associated Pneumonia Score (AIS-APS); and Independence, Sex, Age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores in total population were 0.80 (0.74-0.84), 0.75 (0.69-0.80), 0.80 (0.76-0.85), and 0.76 (0.71-0.81). The goodness of fit was 0.22, 0.22, 0.27, and 0.17, respectively. The AUROC of 4 scores between subgroups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The AIS-APS had the highest AUC and goodness of fit in our population. All 4 scores can be applied regardless of whether thrombolysis has been performed on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Neuropsychiatric Institute of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Neurological Department of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Leiyu Geng
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Neuropsychiatric Institute of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Neurological Department of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Neuropsychiatric Institute of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Neurological Department of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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210
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Murata Y, Sugimoto K, Yang C, Harada K, Gono R, Harada T, Miyashita Y, Higashisaka K, Katada R, Tanaka J, Matsumoto H. Activated microglia-derived macrophage-like cells exacerbate brain edema after ischemic stroke correlate with astrocytic expression of aquaporin-4 and interleukin-1 alpha release. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104848. [PMID: 32920036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Brain edema following brain infarction affects mobility and mortality. The mechanisms underlying this process remain to be elucidated. Animal studies have shown that aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression in astrocytes increases after stroke, and its deletion significantly reduces brain swelling. Recently, two kinds of cells, resident microglia-derived macrophage-like cells (MG-MΦ) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-MΦ), have been reported to accumulate in the ischemic core and stimulate adjacent astrocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that these cells play crucial roles in the expression of AQP4 and ultimately lead to exacerbated brain edema. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the role of MG- or BM-MΦ in brain edema using a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and rat astrocyte primary cultures. AQP4 expression significantly increased in the peri-infarct tissue at 3-7 days post-reperfusion (dpr) and in the core tissue at 5 and 7 dpr, which synchronized with the expression of Iba1, Il1a, Tnf, and C1qa mRNA. Interleukin (IL)-1α treatment or coculture with MG- and BM-MΦ increased AQP4 expression in astrocytes, while an IL-1 receptor type I antagonist reduced these effects. Furthermore, aggravated animals exhibited high expression of Aqp4 and Il1a mRNA in the ischemic core at 7 dpr, which led to the exacerbation of brain edema. MG-MΦ signature genes were highly expressed in the ischemic core in aggravated rats, while BM-MΦ signature genes were weakly expressed. These findings suggest that IL-1α produced by MG-MΦ induces astrocytic AQP4 expression in the peri-infarct and ischemic core tissues, thereby exacerbating brain edema. Therefore, the regulation of MG-MΦ may prevent the exacerbation of brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Murata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kana Sugimoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Chihpin Yang
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Harada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Rina Gono
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Teiji Harada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miyashita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Katada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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211
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Zhu L, Zhou X, Li S, Liu J, Yang J, Fan X, Zhou S. miR‑183‑5p attenuates cerebral ischemia injury by negatively regulating PTEN. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3944-3954. [PMID: 32901892 PMCID: PMC7533437 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a common cerebrovascular disease caused by the occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are emerging regulators of various human diseases, including cerebral ischemia. Upregulation of miR‑183‑5p has been reported to alleviate liver injury induced by ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R). However, the effect of miR‑183‑5p on cerebral ischemia injury remains unknown. The present study evaluated the effects of miR‑183‑5p on ischemia injury using ischemic models of mouse brains exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and Neuro‑2A (N2A) neuroblastoma cells exposed to oxygen‑glucose‑deprivation (OGD) and subsequently reoxygenated. Ischemia was evaluated in mice using neurological function scores, cerebral edema, 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazoliumchloride, Nissl and Fluoro‑Jade B staining assays. In addition, miR‑183‑5p expression, N2A cell viability and the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins were detected by quantitative PCR, Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry and western blotting. The association between miR‑183‑5p and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was also confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that miR‑183‑5p expression was decreased and brain damage was increased in ischemic mice compared with the sham group. Additionally, miR‑183‑5p levels were reduced, and apoptosis was increased in N2A cells exposed to ischemia compared with the control group. Following transfection with agomiR‑183‑5p, cerebral ischemic injury and apoptosis levels were reduced in the in vivo I/R stroke model and OGD‑induced N2A cells. In addition, PTEN was determined to be a target of miR‑183‑5p following elucidation of a direct binding site. Overexpression of PTEN reversed the miR‑183‑5p‑induced N2A cell apoptosis inhibition and survival after OGD. The results of the present study suggested that miR‑183‑5p reduced ischemic injury by negatively regulating PTEN, which may aid the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyun Fan
- Department of General Medicine, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Shengnian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Cozene B, Sadanandan N, Gonzales-Portillo B, Saft M, Cho J, Park YJ, Borlongan CV. An Extra Breath of Fresh Air: Hyperbaric Oxygenation as a Stroke Therapeutic. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091279. [PMID: 32899709 PMCID: PMC7563917 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke serves as a life-threatening disease and continues to face many challenges in the development of safe and effective therapeutic options. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) demonstrates pre-clinical effectiveness for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and reports reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and neural apoptosis. These pathophysiological benefits contribute to improved functional recovery. Current pre-clinical and clinical studies are testing the applications of HBOT for stroke neuroprotection, including its use as a preconditioning regimen. Mild oxidative stress may be able to prime the brain to tolerate full extensive oxidative stress that occurs during a stroke, and HBOT preconditioning has displayed efficacy in establishing such ischemic tolerance. In this review, evidence on the use of HBOT following an ischemic stroke is examined, and the potential for HBOT preconditioning as a neuroprotective strategy. Additionally, HBOT as a stem cell preconditioning is also discussed as a promising strategy, thus maximizing the use of HBOT for ischemic stroke.
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Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of baicalin in cerebrovascular and neurological disorders. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:314-324. [PMID: 32858128 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play an extraordinary role in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders. Baicalin is one of the important flavonoids, which is extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Recently, numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that baicalin has salutary effects for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory and has been demonstrated to exert beneficial therapeutic properties in cerebrovascular and neurological diseases. In this review, we aim to discuss that baicalin exerts anti-inflammatory effects through multiple pathways and targets, thus affecting the production of a variety of inflammatory cytokines and neuroprotective process of neurological diseases; furthermore, the related targets of the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin were analyzed via using the tools of network pharmacology, to provide theoretical basis and innovative ideas for the future clinical application of baicalin.
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Blood substitution therapy rescues the brain of mice from ischemic damage. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4078. [PMID: 32843630 PMCID: PMC7447645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses that have not been treatable by any single medication. In this study, using a murine transient middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model, a novel therapeutic strategy is proposed, where blood replacement (BR) robustly reduces infarctions and improves neurological deficits in mice. Our analyses of immune cell subsets suggest that BR therapy substantially decreases neutrophils in blood following a stroke. Electrochemiluminescence detection demonstrates that BR therapy reduces cytokine storm in plasma and ELISA demonstrates reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the plasma and brains at different time points post-stroke. Further, we have demonstrated that the addition of MMP-9 to the blood diminishes the protective effect of the BR therapy. Our study is the first to show that BR therapy leads to profoundly improved stroke outcomes in mice and that the improved outcomes are mediated via MMP-9. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms of stroke damage. Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses which remain challenging to treat. Here, the authors show that substituting the blood of stroke model mice with whole-blood from naive healthy donor mice reduces infarct volume and improves neurological deficits.
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Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) Inhibition by Antioxidant, N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine, Reduces Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176026. [PMID: 32825703 PMCID: PMC7504640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pathogenic mechanisms, such as cytoplasmic calcium/zinc influx, reactive oxygen species production, and ionic imbalance, have been suggested to play a role in cerebral ischemia induced neurodegeneration. During the ischemic state that occurs after stroke or heart attack, it is observed that vesicular zinc can be released into the synaptic cleft, and then translocated into the cytoplasm via various cation channels. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is highly distributed in the central nervous system and has high sensitivity to oxidative damage. Several previous studies have shown that TRPM2 channel activation contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration cascades. Therefore, we examined whether anti-oxidant treatment, such as with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), provides neuroprotection via regulation of TRPM2, following global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Experimental animals were then immediately injected with NAC (150 mg/kg/day) for 3 and 7 days, before sacrifice. We demonstrated that NAC administration reduced activation of GCI-induced neuronal death cascades, such as lipid peroxidation, microglia and astroglia activation, free zinc accumulation, and TRPM2 over-activation. Therefore, modulation of the TRPM2 channel can be a potential therapeutic target to prevent ischemia-induced neuronal death.
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Khamchai S, Chumboatong W, Hata J, Tocharus C, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J. Morin protects the blood-brain barrier integrity against cerebral ischemia reperfusion through anti-inflammatory actions in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13379. [PMID: 32770144 PMCID: PMC7414849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of morin on cerebral damage and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion model. Wistar rats were exposed to MCAO for 2 h, followed by reperfusion. Thirty mg/kg of morin was administered via intraperitoneal injection at the different time points: before ischemia, during ischemia, and at reperfusion. The rats were divided into five groups, including sham, vehicle, and three groups of morin. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the rats were tested for neurological deficits, and the brains were harvested to assess brain damage. In addition, brains were harvested 72 h to determine BBB disruption. We found that morin significantly reduced reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. It also decreased inflammation via reducing the expression of Toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa-beta. Morin ameliorated cerebral damage and reduced apoptosis through decreasing the cerebral infarct size, including apoptotic cell death. Moreover, morin decreased the BBB damage via reducing Evans blue extravasation, neutrophil infiltration, and increasing tight junction protein expression. Therefore, morin protected against cerebral and BBB damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in MCAO and reperfusion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satchakorn Khamchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wijitra Chumboatong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Janejira Hata
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Kumar M, Nishad DK, Kumar A, Bhatnagar A, Karwasra R, Khanna K, S K, Sharma D, Dua K, Mudaliyar V, Sharma N. Enhancement in brain uptake of vitamin D 3 nanoemulsion for treatment of cerebral ischemia: formulation, gamma scintigraphy and efficacy study in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rat models. J Microencapsul 2020; 37:492-501. [PMID: 32715833 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2020.1801870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM For the treatment of cerebral ischaemia, vitamin-D3 loaded nanoemulsions were developed. METHOD Tween 20 and polyethylene glycol were chosen as surfactant/co-surfactant, while oleic acid as the oil phase. The formulation was characterised for various in-vitro parameters. Targeting efficiency was investigated through radiometry, gamma scintigraphy and efficacy was studied in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rat model. RESULT Vitamin D3-nanoemulsion showed a mean size range of 49.29 ± 10.28 nm with polydispersity index 0.17 ± 0.04 and zeta potential 13.77 mV. The formulation was found stable during thermodynamic stability study and permeated within 180 min through sheep nasal mucosa (permeation coefficient 7.873 ± 0.884 cm/h). Gamma scintigraphy and radiometry assay confirmed better percentage deposition (2.53 ± 0.17%) of 99mTc-vitamin D3-nanoemulsion through nasal route compared to IV administered 99mTc-vitamin D3 solution (0.79 ± 0.03%). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the ischaemic model confirmed better efficacy of vitamin D3-nanoemulsion. CONCLUSION This work demonstrated better permeation, deposition, and efficacy of vitaminD3-nanoemulsion through the intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut, India.,Department of Drug Development, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO (Ministry of Defence), New Delhi, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar Nishad
- Department of Drug Development, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO (Ministry of Defence), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut, India
| | - Aseem Bhatnagar
- Department of Drug Development, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO (Ministry of Defence), New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Karwasra
- Department of Drug Development, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO (Ministry of Defence), New Delhi, India
| | - Kushagra Khanna
- Department of Drug Development, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO (Ministry of Defence), New Delhi, India
| | - Keerthana S
- Department of Drug Development, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO (Ministry of Defence), New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Sharma
- Department of Drug Development, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO (Ministry of Defence), New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, Australia
| | - Vijaybabu Mudaliyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut, India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut, India.,Department of Drug Development, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO (Ministry of Defence), New Delhi, India
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Role of Nrf2 and Its Activators in Cardiocerebral Vascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4683943. [PMID: 32831999 PMCID: PMC7428967 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4683943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiocerebral vascular disease (CCVD) is a common disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Oxidative stress (OS) is closely related to the progression of CCVD. Abnormal redox regulation leads to OS and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause biomolecular and cellular damage. The Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is one of the most important defense systems against exogenous and endogenous OS injury, and Nrf2 is regarded as a vital pharmacological target. The complexity of the CCVD pathological process and the current difficulties in conducting clinical trials have hindered the development of therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, little is known about the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCVD. Clarifying the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCVD can provide new ideas for drug design. This review details the recent advancements in the regulation of the Nrf2/ARE system and its role and activators in common CCVD development.
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Wang H, Lin J, Zheng L, Zhao J, Song B, Dai Y. Texture analysis based on ADC maps and T2-FLAIR images for the assessment of the severity and prognosis of ischaemic stroke. Clin Imaging 2020; 67:152-159. [PMID: 32739735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the feasibility of texture analysis based on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the assessment of the severity and prognosis of ischaemic stroke using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores, respectively. METHODS Overall, 116 patients diagnosed with subacute ischaemic stroke were included in this retrospective study. Based on T2-FLAIR images and ADC maps, 15 texture features were extracted from the ROIs of each patient using grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and local binary pattern histogram Fourier (LBP-HF) methods. The correlations of NIHSS score on admission (NIHSSbaseline), NIHSS score 24 h after stroke onset (NIHSS24h) and mRS score with the texture features were evaluated using Spearman's partial correlations. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the performance of the selected texture features in the evaluation of stroke severity and prognosis. RESULTS Texture features derived from the T2-FLAIR images and ADC maps were correlated with NIHSS score and mRS score. EntropyADC and 0.75QuantileT2-FLAIR showed the best diagnostic performance for assessing stroke severity. The combination of EntropyADC and 0.75QuantileT2-FLAIR achieved a better performance in the evaluation of stroke severity (AUC = 0.7, p = 0.01) than either feature alone. Only 0.05QuantileT2-FLAIR was found to be correlated with mRS score, and none of the texture features were predictive of mRS score. CONCLUSION Texture features derived from T2-FLAIR images and ADC maps might serve as biomarkers to evaluate stroke severity, but were insufficient to predict stroke prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongming Dai
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
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Chang CY, Chen JY, Wu MH, Hu ML. Therapeutic treatment with vitamin C reduces focal cerebral ischemia-induced brain infarction in rats by attenuating disruptions of blood brain barrier and cerebral neuronal apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 155:29-36. [PMID: 32450129 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a major public health problem and ranks third most common cause of death in adults worldwide. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy are the main revascularization therapies for acute ischemic stroke. However, ischemia-reperfusion injury, mainly caused by oxidative/nitrosative stress injury, after revascularization therapy can result in worsening outcomes. For better clinical prognosis, more and more studies have focused on the pharmaceutical neuroprotective therapies against free radical damage. The impact of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on oxidative stress-related diseases is moderate because of its limited oral bioavailability and rapid clearance. However, recent evidence of the clinical benefit of parenteral vitamin C administration has emerged, especially in critical care. In this study we demonstrated that parenteral administration of vitamin C significantly improved neurological deficits and reduced brain infarction and brain edema by attenuating the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-induced nitrosative stress, inflammatory responses, and the resultant disruptions of blood brain barrier and cerebral neuronal apoptosis. These results suggest that parenteral administration of vitamin C has potential as an adjuvant agent with intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy in acute treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Yin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of the Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Liouying Chi Mei Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Long-Term Care and Health Promotion, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Lin Hu
- Department of Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Common Protective Strategies in Neurodegenerative Disease: Focusing on Risk Factors to Target the Cellular Redox System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8363245. [PMID: 32832006 PMCID: PMC7422410 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8363245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is an umbrella term for different conditions which primarily affect the neurons in the human brain. In the last century, significant research has been focused on mechanisms and risk factors relevant to the multifaceted etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are incurable, and the treatments available only control the symptoms or delay the progression of the disease. This review is aimed at characterizing the complex network of molecular mechanisms underpinning acute and chronic neurodegeneration, focusing on the disturbance in redox homeostasis, as a common mechanism behind five pivotal risk factors: aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycation, and vascular injury. Considering the complex multifactorial nature of neurodegenerative diseases, a preventive strategy able to simultaneously target multiple risk factors and disease mechanisms at an early stage is most likely to be effective to slow/halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Mosarrezaii A, Amiri-Nikpour MR, Mehryar HR, Choobi Anzali B, Nourooz-Zadeh S, Babaei S, Farrokhi H. Investigating the relationship between interleukin-6 serum levels and outcome in acute ischemic CVA. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01668. [PMID: 32583980 PMCID: PMC7428482 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is among the inflammatory mediators exhibiting elevated levels in ischemic stroke (IS) patients. The present study set out to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of interleukin-6 with long-term and at-hospital outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in patients hospitalized at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. METHOD AND MATERIALS This cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 29 and 31 acute stroke patients for long-term and at-hospital observation, respectively. Evaluation of stroke severity was performed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on days 1, 5, and 90. Serum IL-6 level was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on days one and five. RESULTS In the present cohort study, the following population were enrolled: for long-term evaluation, 11 (38%) men and 18 (63%) women with a mean age of 64.5 ± 14.9 years, and for at-hospital evaluation: 11 (37.5%) men and 20 (64.5%) with a mean age of 65.25 ± 14.37 years. A significant positive correlation was observed between IL-6 levels with NIHSS and mRS scores of the patients from time of admission until the end of the follow-up period (long-term: p < .001; at-hospital: 0.022). CONCLUSION The evidence from the present study suggests that IL-6 contributes to the determination of the severity of ischemic strokes and may be useful in predicting prognosis. However, larger scale studies are required to further establish these finds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mosarrezaii
- Department of Neurology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Mehryar
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Babak Choobi Anzali
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Shadi Babaei
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Li L, Cui P, Ge H, Shi Y, Wu X, Fan Ru Z. miR-188-5p inhibits apoptosis of neuronal cells during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced stroke by suppressing PTEN. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 116:104512. [PMID: 32745469 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The miRNAs and mRNAs are found to play a crucial role in modulating different diseases including stroke, according to the recent evidence. The current study is aimed at assessing the functional role played by miR-188-5p in the regulation of cell apoptosis and viability in OGD-induced human neural cell line HNC. With the help of RT-qPCR, the authors determined miR-188-5p as well as its putative target PTEN among OGD-treated cells in different treatment times. The cell viability was assessed through CCK-8 assay while the cell transfection either upregulated or may have silenced the genes. Both Western Blot as well as RT-qPCR found the proliferation biomarkers such as Ki87 and PCNA in addition to apoptosis biomarkers such as caspase-8 and caspase-3. The luciferase activity was tracked by conducting luciferase assay. The researchers observed an elevation in the expression of miR-188-5p while the PTEN got downregulated in Human Neural Cell line HNC with increase in the time span. The expressions of miR-188-5p and PTEN got increased with increasing OGD treatment time while the Luciferase reassured the binding site. The cell viability was suppressed by the overexpression of miR-188-5p which further inhibited the apoptosis biomarkers too. Meanwhile, it was understood that the results could be reversed to some extent with the inhibition of PTEN. The study findings from in vitro investigations yielded promising results and provided excellent insights about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of miR-188-5p involved in stroke via PTEN. This could be considered as a potential therapeutic axis among stroke patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital Affiliated to Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China.
| | - Penghua Cui
- Department of Gynecology, The Hospital Affiliated to Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Huimin Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital Affiliated to Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Yanjing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital Affiliated to Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000,China
| | - Zhang Fan Ru
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69th Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Patsouras M, Tsiki E, Karagianni P, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG. The role of thrombospondin-1 in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome. J Autoimmun 2020; 115:102527. [PMID: 32709480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombophilia characterized by recurrent thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity, in the presence of antibodies to β2 glycoprotein-I (β2GPI), prothrombin or Lupus anticoagulant (LA). Anti-β2GPI antibodies recognize complexes of β2GPI dimers with CXCL4 chemokine and activate platelets. Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) is secreted by platelets and exhibits prothrombotic and proinflammatory properties. Therefore, we investigated its implication in APS. METHODS Plasma from APS patients (n = 100), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (n = 27) and healthy donors (HD) (n = 50) was analyzed for TSP-1, IL-1β, IL-17A and free active TGF-β1 by ELISA. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and HD monocytes were treated with total HD-IgG or anti-β2GPI, β2GPI and CXCL4 and CD4+ T-cells were stimulated by monocyte supernatants. TSP-1, IL-1β, IL-17A TGF-β1 levels were quantified by ELISA and Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Higher plasma levels of TSP-1 and TGF-β1, which positively correlated each other, were observed in APS but not HDs or SLE patients. Patients with arterial thrombotic events or those undergoing a clinical event had the highest TSP-1 levels. These patients also had detectable IL-1β, IL-17A in their plasma. HD-derived monocytes and HUVECs stimulated with anti-β2GPI-IgG-β2GPI-CXCL4 secreted the highest TSP-1 and IL-1β levels. Supernatants from anti-β2GPI-β2GPI-CXCL4 treated monocytes induced IL-17A expression from CD4+ T-cells. Transcript levels followed a similar pattern. CONCLUSIONS TSP-1 is probably implicated in the pathogenesis of APS. In vitro cell treatments along with high TSP-1 levels in plasma of APS patients suggest that high TSP-1 levels could mark a prothrombotic state and an underlying inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patsouras
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - E Tsiki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - P Karagianni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - P G Vlachoyiannopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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225
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Thiankhaw K, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the brain with middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1677-1694. [PMID: 32692455 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) causes focal cerebral hypoperfusion, resulting in cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke. The main therapeutic approach is to restore an adequate blood flow to the brain via the process of reperfusion. However, rapid reperfusion can itself aggravate brain damage; this adverse effect is known as ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The pathological conditions that occur after cerebral ischemia and cerebral I/R are microvascular injury, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, post-ischemic inflammation, increased oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species, and a reduction in neuronal survival, leading to brain infarction. Animal and clinical studies on hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) have recently been carried out, and there is evidence of positive effects on neurological outcomes after cerebral ischemia. However, some evidence has shown that HBOT may not affect the functional recovery after ischemic injury. This review describes the current evidence, both in vivo and clinical data, regarding the potential benefits of HBOT after MCAO and cerebral I/R injury. The contrary data are also discussed to verify the effectiveness of HBOT in stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Thiankhaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siripron C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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226
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Dergunova LV, Filippenkov IB, Limborska SA, Myasoedov NF. Pharmacotranscriptomics of peptide drugs with neuroprotective properties. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:754-769. [PMID: 32638434 DOI: 10.1002/med.21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a review of studies on the effects of peptides with neuroprotective properties on gene transcription in nerve cells. The few published works in this area clearly demonstrate massive changes in cell transcriptomes induced by peptides under normal conditions and under conditions of experimental brain ischemia. These changes significantly affect signaling and metabolic pathways, affecting various body systems and confirming the multiple target actions of peptides. The importance of noncoding RNAs in the regulation of these processes is shown, and we discuss the prospects of research for determining the main mechanisms of peptide regulation, which is necessary for the further development of drugs with targeted neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V Dergunova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan B Filippenkov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Limborska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai F Myasoedov
- Department of Chemistry of Physiologically Active Compounds, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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227
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Stem Cells as Drug-like Biologics for Mitochondrial Repair in Stroke. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070615. [PMID: 32630218 PMCID: PMC7407993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating condition characterized by widespread cell death after disruption of blood flow to the brain. The poor regenerative capacity of neural cells limits substantial recovery and prolongs disruptive sequelae. Current therapeutic options are limited and do not adequately address the underlying mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the stroke. These same mitochondrial impairments that result from acute cerebral ischemia are also present in retinal ischemia. In both cases, sufficient mitochondrial activity is necessary for cell survival, and while astrocytes are able to transfer mitochondria to damaged tissues to rescue them, they do not have the capacity to completely repair damaged tissues. Therefore, it is essential to investigate this mitochondrial transfer pathway as a target of future therapeutic strategies. In this review, we examine the current literature pertinent to mitochondrial repair in stroke, with an emphasis on stem cells as a source of healthy mitochondria. Stem cells are a compelling cell type to study in this context, as their ability to mitigate stroke-induced damage through non-mitochondrial mechanisms is well established. Thus, we will focus on the latest preclinical research relevant to mitochondria-based mechanisms in the treatment of cerebral and retinal ischemia and consider which stem cells are ideally suited for this purpose.
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228
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Lu M, Qi Y, Han Y, Yi Q, Xu L, Sun W, Ni G, Ni X, Xu C. Design and development of novel thiazolidin-4-one-1,3,5-triazine derivatives as neuro-protective agent against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via attenuation of NF-ĸB. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1315-1327. [PMID: 32543026 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study enumerates the discovery and development of novel thiazolidin-4-one-1,3,5-triazine as neuro-protective agent against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. These compounds showed significant inhibition of NF-ĸB transcriptional activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, displaying compound 8k as most potent inhibitor among the tested derivative. The compound 8k was further studied in in vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice model for neuro-protective action. Results suggest that compound 8k causes attenuation of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6), oxidative stress (SOD, GSH, and MDA), and apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3) in MCAO mice in concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, our results documented that compound 8k pre-treatment protects cerebral I/R. This novel lead scaffold may be helpful for investigation of new neuro-protective agent by inactivation of NF-ĸB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yujun Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Wenlin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Guihua Ni
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Changsong Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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229
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Zhang ZY, Fang YJ, Luo YJ, Lenahan C, Zhang JM, Chen S. The role of medical gas in stroke: an updated review. Med Gas Res 2020; 9:221-228. [PMID: 31898607 PMCID: PMC7802415 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.273960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical gas is a large class of bioactive gases used in clinical medicine and basic scientific research. At present, the role of medical gas in neuroprotection has received growing attention. Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in adults worldwide, but current treatment is still very limited. The common pathological changes of these two types of stroke may include excitotoxicity, free radical release, inflammation, cell death, mitochondrial disorder, and blood-brain barrier disruption. In this review, we will discuss the pathological mechanisms of stroke and the role of two medical gases (hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide) in stroke, which may potentially provide a new insight into the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Jie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM; Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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230
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Yu S, Zhai J, Yu J, Yang Q, Yang J. Downregulation of BACH1 Protects AGAINST Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through the Functions of HO-1 and NQO1. Neuroscience 2020; 436:154-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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231
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Yuan Y, Men W, Shan X, Zhai H, Qiao X, Geng L, Li C. Baicalein exerts neuroprotective effect against ischaemic/reperfusion injury via alteration of NF-kB and LOX and AMPK/Nrf2 pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1327-1341. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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232
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Jalali M, Ranjbar T, Mosallanezhad Z, Mahmoodi M, Moosavian SP, Ferns GA, Jalali R, Sohrabi Z. Effect of Propolis Intake on Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 50:102380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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233
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Moore TL, Bowley BGE, Pessina MA, Calderazzo SM, Medalla M, Go V, Zhang ZG, Chopp M, Finklestein S, Harbaugh AG, Rosene DL, Buller B. Mesenchymal derived exosomes enhance recovery of motor function in a monkey model of cortical injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 37:347-362. [PMID: 31282441 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are endosome-derived vesicles that have been shown to enhance functional recovery in rodent models of stroke. OBJECTIVE Building on these findings, we tested exosomes as a treatment in monkeys with cortical injury. METHODS After being trained on a task of fine motor function of the hand, monkeys received a cortical injury to the hand representation in primary motor cortex. Twenty-four hours later and again 14 days after injury, monkeys received exosomes or vehicle control. Recovery of motor function was followed for 12 weeks. RESULTS Compared to monkeys that received vehicle, exosome treated monkeys returned to pre-operative grasp patterns and latency to retrieve a food reward in the first three-five weeks of recovery. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that in monkeys exosomes delivered after cortical injury enhance recovery of motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - B G E Bowley
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - M A Pessina
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - S M Calderazzo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - M Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - V Go
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z G Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - M Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - S Finklestein
- Stemetix, Inc. Needham, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A G Harbaugh
- Department Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - B Buller
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI, USA
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234
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Shahi M, Abedelahi A, Mohammadnejad D, Rahbarghazi R, Rasta SH, Karimipour M. Exact location of sensorimotor cortex injury after photochemical modulation; evidence of stroke based on stereological and morphometric studies in mice. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:91-98. [PMID: 32297252 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the structural cerebral cortex is disrupted after stroke either at the macroscopic or microscopic levels. Therefore, many attempts have been gathered to circumvent stroke-associated problems in the brain tissue. The current study was aimed to design an animal model of photochemical stroke using rose bengal (RB) plus laser irradiation (L) after 10, 15, and 20 min (´) and evaluate its effect on the cerebral tissue using unbiased stereological quantitative methods and morphometric histological analysis. Photochemical stroke was induced by intraperitoneal injection of RB dye and further activation through the exposure of the right sensorimotor cortex with the green laser radiation (100 mW; 532 nm). Mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups (each in 15) as follows: control (10 μg/gbw RB), RB + 10'L, RB + 15'L, and RB + 20'L. Target irradiation site was adjusted to 2 mm lateral to the bregma. Vernier caliper morphometric evaluation, cresyl violet staining, and unbiased stereological assays including Cavalier's principle and point counting techniques were used to monitor the pathological changes and lesion volume on days 1, 3, and 7 after the ischemia induction. Our data showed that the mean diameter of the lesion site and lesion infarct volume in the group RB + 20'L) was significantly increased relative to the other groups (P < 0.05). Notably, the lesion volume and diameter in the group RB + 15'L was larger compared with the group RB + 10'L and control mice (P < 0.05). Data showed an increased acute inflammatory response such as hyperemia and edema 3 days after ischemic induction while the intensity of acute changes and lesion volume were reduced and replaced with necrotic and chronic pathological changes including astrogliosis on day 7. It is concluded that the laser irradiation of RB-injected mice at a distinct time period could induce the magnificent degenerative effects on the cerebral cortex which is similar to the stroke condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daryoush Mohammadnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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235
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Treatment with Mesenchymal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduces Injury-Related Pathology in Pyramidal Neurons of Monkey Perilesional Ventral Premotor Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3385-3407. [PMID: 32241837 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2226-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery after cortical injury, such as stroke, is associated with neural circuit reorganization, but the underlying mechanisms and efficacy of therapeutic interventions promoting neural plasticity in primates are not well understood. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), which mediate cell-to-cell inflammatory and trophic signaling, are thought be viable therapeutic targets. We recently showed, in aged female rhesus monkeys, that systemic administration of MSC-EVs enhances recovery of function after injury of the primary motor cortex, likely through enhancing plasticity in perilesional motor and premotor cortices. Here, using in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recording and intracellular filling in acute slices of ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) of either sex, we demonstrate that MSC-EVs reduce injury-related physiological and morphologic changes in perilesional layer 3 pyramidal neurons. At 14-16 weeks after injury, vPMC neurons from both vehicle- and EV-treated lesioned monkeys exhibited significant hyperexcitability and predominance of inhibitory synaptic currents, compared with neurons from nonlesioned control brains. However, compared with vehicle-treated monkeys, neurons from EV-treated monkeys showed lower firing rates, greater spike frequency adaptation, and excitatory:inhibitory ratio. Further, EV treatment was associated with greater apical dendritic branching complexity, spine density, and inhibition, indicative of enhanced dendritic plasticity and filtering of signals integrated at the soma. Importantly, the degree of EV-mediated reduction of injury-related pathology in vPMC was significantly correlated with measures of behavioral recovery. These data show that EV treatment dampens injury-related hyperexcitability and restores excitatory:inhibitory balance in vPMC, thereby normalizing activity within cortical networks for motor function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal plasticity can facilitate recovery of function after cortical injury, but the underlying mechanisms and efficacy of therapeutic interventions promoting this plasticity in primates are not well understood. Our recent work has shown that intravenous infusions of mesenchymal-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are involved in cell-to-cell inflammatory and trophic signaling can enhance recovery of motor function after injury in monkey primary motor cortex. This study shows that this EV-mediated enhancement of recovery is associated with amelioration of injury-related hyperexcitability and restoration of excitatory-inhibitory balance in perilesional ventral premotor cortex. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of mesenchymal EVs as a therapeutic to reduce injury-related pathologic changes in the physiology and structure of premotor pyramidal neurons and support recovery of function.
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236
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Ma S, Fan L, Li J, Zhang B, Yan Z. Resveratrol promoted the M2 polarization of microglia and reduced neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia by inhibiting miR-155. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:817-825. [PMID: 31858855 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1707817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Neuroinflammation was demonstrated to play an important role in the brain injury induced by cerebral ischemia, which was mainly mediated by microglia. MicroRNA-155 (MiR-155) was reported to promote the M1 polarization of microglia and increase neuroinflammation. Resveratrol was identified to have the ability to promote the M2 polarization of microglia and reduce inflammation. Whether resveratrol can promote the M2 polarization of microglia and further inhibit neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia, and its correlation with miR-155 is unclear. To clarify this, we conducted this study to explore the potential of resveratrol as an effective strategy to treat cerebral ischemia induced neuroinflammation.Materials and methods:The cerebral ischemia mouse model was first constructed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then resveratrol was intraperitoneally injected at 0 h, 8 h and 18 h after cerebral ischemia. Subsequently, the relative expression of miR-155 and the signature genes of M1 and M2 microglia in injured brain were measured by RT-PCR, and the concentration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. Further, the in vitro experiments were also conducted to explore the effect of resveratrol on the inflammation mediated by LPS activated BV2 microglia.Results: Results indicated that the relative expression of miR-155 in ischemia brain and activated BV2 microglia was elevated, while resveratrol reduced the expression of miR-155. Resveratrol promoted the M2 polarization of microglia and reduced neuroinflammation in injured brain and activated BV2 microglia.Conclusions: In conclusion, this research indicated that resveratrol promoted the M2 polarization of microglia and reduced neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia by inhibiting miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junchao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongjun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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237
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Liu S, Dai Y, Zhou C, Zhu T. Parecoxib exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A 2020; 83:203-214. [PMID: 32216542 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1745722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) induces inflammation leading to secondary brain injury. Data suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the occurrence and development of inflammatory reaction after reperfusion; however, the effectiveness of a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor, parecoxib, to counteract tGCI remains to be determined. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective actions of parecoxib in a rat model of tGCI and the role inflammation plays in this disorder. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered parecoxib 10 or 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) at 5 min, 24 or 48 hr after tGCI. Control rats received an equal volume of 0.9% saline. The rat model of tGCI was established using the method of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion combined with arterial hypotension. The following parameters were measured: Neurological Severity Score, morphological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, Evans blue (EB) extravasation, brain water content, levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), neuronal apoptosis, the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Parecoxib treatment significantly improved neurological function and morphological defects in the hippocampal CA1 region, reduced levels of COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In addition, parecoxib attenuated brain edema and BBB destruction as evidenced by increased ZO-1 expression and decreased MMP-9 expression. Further, parecoxib reduced neuronal apoptosis via diminished protein expression of Bax and enhanced expression of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue'e Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- The Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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238
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RIPC provides neuroprotection against ischemic stroke by suppressing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5361. [PMID: 32210331 PMCID: PMC7093414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can stimulate endogenous protection mechanisms by inducing ischemic tolerance to reduce subsequent damage caused by severe or fatal ischemia to non-ischemic organs. This study was designed to assess the therapeutic properties of RIPC in ischemic stroke and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Neurobehavioral function was evaluated with the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test and gait analysis. PET/CT was used to detect the ischemic volume and level of glucose metabolism. The protein levels of cytochrome c oxidase-IV (COX-IV) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) were tested by Western blotting. TUNEL and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze apoptosis and to observe the nuclear translocation and colocalization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) in apoptotic cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect mitochondrial-derived vesicle (MDV) production and to assess mitochondrial ultrastructure. The experimental results showed that RIPC exerted significant neuroprotective effects, as indicated by improvements in neurological dysfunction, reductions in ischemic volume, increases in glucose metabolism, inhibition of apoptosis, decreased nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG from mitochondria and improved MDV formation. In conclusion, RIPC alleviates ischemia/reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke by inhibiting apoptosis via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway.
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239
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Pawluk H, Woźniak A, Grześk G, Kołodziejska R, Kozakiewicz M, Kopkowska E, Grzechowiak E, Kozera G. The Role of Selected Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:469-484. [PMID: 32273689 PMCID: PMC7110925 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s233909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is currently one of the most common causes of death and disability in the world, and its pathophysiology is a complex process, involving the oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Unfortunately, no biochemical factors useful in the diagnostics and treatment of stroke have been clearly established to date. Therefore, researchers are increasingly interested in the inflammatory response triggered by cerebral ischemia and its role in the development of cerebral infarction. This article gives an overview of the available literature data concerning the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute stroke. Detailed analysis of their role in cerebral circulation disturbances can also suggest certain immune response regulatory mechanisms aimed to reduce damage to the nervous tissue in the course of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pawluk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Kołodziejska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Kopkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzechowiak
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kozera
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Medical Stimulation Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Li X, Xiang B, Shen T, Xiao C, Dai R, He F, Lin Q. Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106353. [PMID: 32143007 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence from human and animal studies suggests that cerebral ischemic diseases are associated with nerve dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Therefore, alleviating neuroinflammation is a potential way to treat ischemic stroke. Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat central nervous system diseases and related conditions, such as vertigo, headache, epilepsy. We have previously shown that GEB has a protective effect in ischemic stroke, and that the underlying mechanism is related to anti-neuroinflammation. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DBD) is a phenolic component of GEB and may be responsible for the neuroprotective effect of GEB; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of DBD are unknown. METHODS The anti-neuroinflammatory effect of DBD and the potential mechanisms underlying it were assessed. We using a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion and lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 microglial cells. RESULTS DBD (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased infarct volume. Additionally, it alleviated neurological deficits in the rats by inhibiting microglia activation. DBD (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM) also significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2. Furthermore, phenotypic analysis of the BV2 cells showed that DBD significantly down-regulated the expression of M1 marker but significantly up-regulated the expression of M2 marker. Moreover, it suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2. CONCLUSIONS The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of DBD are associated with selective modulation of microglia polarization and reduction in the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines through inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB activation. These findings suggest that DBD may be a potential treatment for ischemic stroke and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, District of Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, District of Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, District of Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, District of Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rong Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, District of Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fangyan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, District of Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, District of Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China.
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Zhang W, Zhu L, An C, Wang R, Yang L, Yu W, Li P, Gao Y. The blood brain barrier in cerebral ischemic injury – Disruption and repair. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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242
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Intra- and extra-hospital improvement in ischemic stroke patients: influence of reperfusion therapy and molecular mechanisms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3513. [PMID: 32103074 PMCID: PMC7044227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective treatments in ischemic stroke are focused to reduce the pernicious effect of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation. However, those cellular and molecular mechanisms may also have beneficial effects, especially during the late stages of the ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical improvement of ischemic stroke patients and the time-dependent excitotoxicity and inflammation. We included 4295 ischemic stroke patients in a retrospective study. The main outcomes were intra and extra-hospital improvement. High glutamate and IL-6 levels at 24 hours were associated with a worse intra-hospital improvement (OR:0.993, 95%CI: 0.990–0.996 and OR:0.990, 95%CI: 0.985–0.995). High glutamate and IL-6 levels at 24 hours were associated with better extra-hospital improvement (OR:1.13 95%CI, 1.07–1.12 and OR:1.14, 95%CI, 1.09–1.18). Effective reperfusion after recanalization showed the best clinical outcome. However, the long term recovery is less marked in patients with an effective reperfusion. The variations of glutamate and IL6 levels in the first 24 hours clearly showed a relationship between the molecular components of the ischemic cascade and the clinical outcome of patients. Our findings suggest that the rapid reperfusion after recanalization treatment blocks the molecular response to ischemia that is associated with restorative processes.
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243
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Fu C, Zhang X, Zeng Z, Tian Y, Jin X, Wang F, Xu Z, Chen B, Zheng H, Liu X. Neuroprotective Effects of Qingnao Dripping Pills Against Cerebral Ischemia via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway: In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32153398 PMCID: PMC7045811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke patients suffer from relatively limited treatment options. Studies have shown that in cerebral ischemia, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key mediator in mediating inflammatory responses and results in activation of apoptosis signaling pathways. Here we assessed the in vivo and in vitro effects of Qingnao Dripping Pills (QNDP), a traditional Chinese prescription, on inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Our results showed that QNDP could significantly decrease cerebral ischemia injury, improve neurological function and inhibit apoptosis in rats impaired by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Further, we found that QNDP inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome expression both in MCAO rats and in SH-SY5Y cells under OGD. Moreover, the levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, which mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome and increased in MCAO rats, could be reduced by QNDP, suggesting that QNDP could protect the neurons against inflammation through a mechanism mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was also involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of QNDP. In conclusion, QNDP had neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, and was a potential candidate for the future treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiu Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Neurology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengli Wang
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenmin Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxin Chen
- Neurology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yuzefpolskaya M, Bohn B, Nasiri M, Zuver AM, Onat DD, Royzman EA, Nwokocha J, Mabasa M, Pinsino A, Brunjes D, Gaudig A, Clemons A, Trinh P, Stump S, Giddins MJ, Topkara VK, Garan AR, Takeda K, Takayama H, Naka Y, Farr MA, Nandakumar R, Uhlemann AC, Colombo PC, Demmer RT. Gut microbiota, endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with heart failure, left ventricular assist device, and transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020; 39:880-890. [PMID: 32139154 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial imbalance may contribute to endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in heart failure (HF). Changes occurring in the intestinal microbiota and inflammatory/oxidative milieu during HF progression and following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or heart transplantation (HT) are unknown. We aimed to investigate variation in gut microbiota and circulating biomarkers of endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with HF (New York Heart Association, Class I-IV), LVAD, and HT. METHODS We enrolled 452 patients. Biomarkers of endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide and soluble [sCD14]), inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and endothelin-1 adiponectin), and oxidative stress (isoprostane) were measured in 644 blood samples. A total of 304 stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Gut microbial community measures of alpha diversity were progressively lower across worsening HF class and were similarly reduced in patients with LVAD and HT (p < 0.05). Inflammation and oxidative stress were elevated in patients with Class IV HF vs all other groups (all p < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide was elevated in patients with Class IV HF (vs Class I-III) as well as in patients with LVAD and HT (p < 0.05). sCD14 was elevated in patients with Class IV HF and LVAD (vs Class I-III, p < 0.05) but not in patients with HT. CONCLUSIONS Reduced gut microbial diversity and increased endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress are present in patients with Class IV HF. Inflammation and oxidative stress are lower among patients with LVAD and HT relative to patients with Class IV HF, whereas reduced gut diversity and endotoxemia persist in LVAD and HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mojdeh Nasiri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Amelia M Zuver
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Drew D Onat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Eugene A Royzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Joseph Nwokocha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Melissa Mabasa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Alberto Pinsino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Danielle Brunjes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Antonia Gaudig
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Autumn Clemons
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Pauline Trinh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephania Stump
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Core, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Marla J Giddins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Core, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Veli K Topkara
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - A Reshad Garan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Koji Takeda
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Hiroo Takayama
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Yoshifumi Naka
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Maryjane A Farr
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Core, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York.
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Kim Y, Lee S, Zhang H, Lee S, Kim H, Kim Y, Won MH, Kim YM, Kwon YG. CLEC14A deficiency exacerbates neuronal loss by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability and inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:48. [PMID: 32019570 PMCID: PMC7001304 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a main cause of mortality. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown appears to play a critical role in inflammation in patients with ischemic stroke and acceleration of brain injury. The BBB has a protective function and is composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. In ischemic stroke treatments, regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 is a crucial target despite adverse effects. Our previous study found that loss of C-type lectin family 14 member A (CLEC14A) activated VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling in developmental and tumoral angiogenesis. Here, we evaluate the effects of BBB impairment caused by CLEC14A deficiency in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods In vitro fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, and immunostaining were used to evaluate endothelial integrity. BBB permeability was assessed using Evans blue dye and FITC-dextran injection in Clec14a−/− (CLEC14A-KO) mice and wild-type mice. Middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery and behavioral assessments were performed to evaluate the neurologic damage. The change of tight junctional proteins, adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and microglial were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of brain samples. Results In endothelial cells, knockdown of CLEC14A increased FITC-dextran permeability and decreased transendothelial electrical resistance; the severity of this effect increased with VEGF treatment. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that tight junctional proteins were attenuated in the CLEC14A knockdown endothelial cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, CLEC14A-KO mice that were injected with Evans blue dye had cerebral vascular leakage at postnatal day 8; wild-type mice had no leakage. We used a middle cerebral artery occlusion model and found that CLEC14A-KO mice had severe infarcted brain and neurological deficits with upregulated VEGFR-2 expression. FITC-dextran leakage was present in CLEC14A-KO mice after ischemia-reperfusion, and the numbers of tight junctional molecules were significantly decreased. Loss of CLEC14A increased the pro-inflammatory response through adhesion molecule expression, and glial cells were activated. Conclusions These results suggest that activation of VEGFR-2 in CLEC14A-KO mice aggravates ischemic stroke by exacerbating cerebral vascular leakage and increasing neuronal inflammation after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeomyeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sunghye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yeaji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Zhou YH, Han QF, Gao L, Sun Y, Tang ZW, Wang M, Wang W, Yao HC. HMGB1 Protects the Heart Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via PI3K/AkT Pathway-Mediated Upregulation of VEGF Expression. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1595. [PMID: 32063860 PMCID: PMC7000523 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of exogenous high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) may exert a beneficial effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Since the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) in the myocardium mediates the cardioprotective function of basic fibroblast growth factor, we hypothesized that VEGF and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway also mediate the protective effects of intravenously delivered HMGB1. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of intravenous administration of HMGB1 on the myocardial expression of VEGF, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac function in rats subjected to acute myocardial I/R. The ischemia was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and was followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Myocardial malondialdehyde content, infarct size, and collagen volume fraction decreased, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was increased, the expression of VEGF and p-Akt was upregulated, and cardiac function was improved in the HMGB1-treated group when compared with rats subjected to I/R only (all P < 0.05). However, these effects of HMGB1 were abolished by LY294002. The obtained results demonstrate that the cardioprotective effects of intravenous administration of HMGB1 prior to I/R may be mediated by upregulation of myocardial expression of VEGF, which may activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qian-Feng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China.,Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Heng-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
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Park CW, Ahn JH, Lee TK, Park YE, Kim B, Lee JC, Kim DW, Shin MC, Park Y, Cho JH, Ryoo S, Kim YM, Won MH, Park JH. Post-treatment with oxcarbazepine confers potent neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemic injury by activating Nrf2 defense pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109850. [PMID: 31981945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxcarbazepine (OXC), a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, is an antiepileptic medication and used for the bipolar disorders treatment. Some voltage-gated sodium channel blockers have been demonstrated to display strong neuroprotective properties in models of cerebral ischemia. However, neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of OXC have not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the protective effect of OXC and its mechanisms in the cornu ammonis 1 subfield (CA1) of gerbils subjected to 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). tGCI led to death of most pyramidal neurons in CA1 at 5 days after ischemia. OXC (100 and 200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once at 30 min after tGCI. Treatment with 200 mg/kg, not 100 mg/kg OXC, significantly protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from tGCI-induced injury. OXC treatment significantly decreased superoxide anion production, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 8-hydroxyguanine levels in ischemic CA1 pyramidal neurons. In addition, the treatment restored levels of superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, the treatment distinctly inhibited tGCI-induced microglia activation and significantly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). In particular, OXC treatment significantly enhanced expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream protein heme oxygenase-1 in ischemic CA1. The neuroprotective effects of OXC were abolished by brusatol (an inhibitor of Nrf2). Taken together, these results indicate that post-treatment of OXC can display neuroprotection against brain injuries following ischemic insults. This neuroprotection may be displayed by attenuation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which can be mediated by activation of Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Woo Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea.
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Corey S, Bonsack B, Heyck M, Shear A, Sadanandan N, Zhang H, Borlongan CV. Harnessing the anti-inflammatory properties of stem cells for transplant therapy in hemorrhagic stroke. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020; 1:24-33. [PMID: 34056567 PMCID: PMC8158660 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is a global health crisis plagued by neuroinflammation in the acute and chronic phases. Neuroinflammation approximates secondary cell death, which in turn robustly contributes to stroke pathology. Both the physiological and behavioral symptoms of stroke correlate with various inflammatory responses in animal and human studies. That slowing the secondary cell death mediated by this inflammation may attenuate stroke pathology presents a novel treatment strategy. To this end, experimental therapies employing stem cell transplants support their potential for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration after hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we evaluate experiments using different types of stem cell transplants as treatments for stroke-induced neuroinflammation. We also update this emerging area by examining recent preclinical and clinical trials that have deployed these therapies. While further investigations are warranted to solidify their therapeutic profile, the reviewed studies largely posit stem cells as safe and potent biologics for stroke, specifically owing to their mode of action for sequestering neuroinflammation and promoting neuroregenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Corey
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matt Heyck
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alex Shear
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nadia Sadanandan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Henry Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Alkaff SA, Radhakrishnan K, Nedumaran AM, Liao P, Czarny B. Nanocarriers for Stroke Therapy: Advances and Obstacles in Translating Animal Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:445-464. [PMID: 32021190 PMCID: PMC6982459 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s231853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology of drug delivery systems (DDS) has expanded into many applications, such as for treating neurological disorders. Nanoparticle DDS offer a unique strategy for targeted transport and improved outcomes of therapeutics. Stroke is likely to benefit from the emergence of this technology though clinical breakthroughs are yet to manifest. This review explores the recent advances in this field and provides insight on the trends, prospects and challenges of translating this technology to clinical application. Carriers of diverse material compositions are presented, with special focus on the surface properties and emphasis on the similarities and inconsistencies among in vivo experimental paradigms. Research attention is scattered among various nanoparticle DDS and various routes of drug administration, which expresses the lack of consistency among studies. Analysis of current literature reveals lipid- and polymer-based DDS as forerunners of DDS for stroke; however, cell membrane-derived vesicles (CMVs) possess the competitive edge due to their innate biocompatibility and superior efficacy. Conversely, inorganic and carbon-based DDS offer different functionalities as well as varied capacity for loading but suffer mainly from poor safety and general lack of investigation in this area. This review supports the existing literature by systematizing presently available data and accounting for the differences in drugs of choice, carrier types, animal models, intervention strategies and outcome parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Abdullah Alkaff
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore
| | - Krishna Radhakrishnan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore
| | - Anu Maashaa Nedumaran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute 308433, Singapore
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 639798, Singapore
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250
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miR-124-5p/NOX2 Axis Modulates the ROS Production and the Inflammatory Microenvironment to Protect Against the Cerebral I/R Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:404-417. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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