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Rivera-Navarro J, Contador I. Family caregivers' perceptions of maltreatment of older adults with dementia: findings from the northwest of Spain. J Elder Abuse Negl 2018; 31:77-95. [PMID: 30430923 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2018.1543623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that implies a risk factor of maltreatment by family caregivers. In this study, we analyzed both informal caregiver's perceptions of maltreatment and aspects of the caregiver and caregiving behavior that may be associated with maltreatment. We conducted five focus groups (FGs) in three Spanish cities: Segovia, Soria and León. The themes that were identified were related to two levels of maltreatment: (a) relational and (b) institutional. At the relational level, we observed the justification of maltreatment of Older Adults with Dementia (OAswD) by family caregivers during the occurrence of behavioral symptoms. At the institutional level, we noted that lack of support from the government was considered a type of maltreatment. These themes suggest that policy issues related to healthcare should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rivera-Navarro
- a Faculty of Social Science. Department of Sociology and Communication , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Israel Contador
- b Faculty of Psychology. Department of Basic Psychology , Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
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202
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Larouche E, Hudon C, Goulet S. Mindfulness mechanisms and psychological effects for aMCI patients: A comparison with psychoeducation. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 34:93-104. [PMID: 30712752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), an Alzheimer's disease prodrome, is characterized by cognitive and psychological symptoms, the latter aggravating prognosis. A mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) represents a promising non-pharmacological framework for Alzheimer's disease prevention. The Monitoring + Acceptance Theory (MAT) postulates that MBI improves cognition through monitoring, and psychological well-being, through acceptance. This single-blind preliminary randomized-controlled study investigated the effects of a MBI on anxio-depressive symptoms, quality of life, and memory, compared to a psychoeducation-based intervention in older adults with aMCI. The contribution of MAT components and of ruminations' reduction to intervention efficacy were examined. Participants assigned to both conditions experienced similar benefits regarding anxio-depressive symptoms and aging-related quality of life. General quality of life and memory remained unchanged. A partial support of the MAT and of ruminations reduction to the MBI's efficacy was found. The findings provide new insights on the effects and mechanisms of a MBI on aMCI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Larouche
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de Recherche CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada
| | - C Hudon
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de Recherche CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada
| | - S Goulet
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de Recherche CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada.
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203
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Factors emerging from the "Zarit Burden Interview" and predictive variables in a UK sample of caregivers for people with dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:1671-1678. [PMID: 29562953 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:Caring for persons with dementia (PWD) can create "caregiver burden," which is associated with negative outcomes for caregivers and PWD. The ZBI (Zarit Burden Interview) is a widely used unitary measure of caregiver burden. However, recent research has found caregiver burden to be multi-dimensional. The purpose of this study was to explore the factor structure of the ZBI within a sample of UK caregivers. A secondary aim was to identify variables that predicted burden dimensions found. METHODS A total of 110 unpaid community caregivers of PWD completed the ZBI. They also completed the EACQ (Experiential Avoidance in Caregiving Questionnaire), DEX (Dysexecutive Questionnaire), PACS (Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale), and a demographic questionnaire. ZBI data were analyzed via exploratory factor analysis (principal axis factoring). Relationships between burden factors and other variables were studied using Pearson correlations and multiple regression. RESULTS Analysis identified three burden factors, namely direct impact of caregiving, uncertainty around the future, and frustration/embarrassment. A direct impact of caregiving and frustration/embarrassment has been found previously. Uncertainty over the future is a new factor, which was predicted by adult-child caregiver role, highlighting that spouses and adult children are likely to have different burden experiences. Additionally, uncertainty over the future and frustration/embarrassment were inversely predicted by PACS, suggesting that being mindful of positive aspects of caregiving may function as a protective factor for burden. CONCLUSIONS This study found caregiver burden to be multi-dimensional and uncovered a novel factor in uncertainty over the future, which warrants further exploration. Burden factors were associated with a range of modifiable variables that could be targeted within health and social care interventions to improve outcomes for caregivers and PWD.
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204
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Campbell JE, Kleszynski K, Janitz AE, Anderson AS, Dowers-Nichols C, Dentino AN, Rubenstein LZ, Teasdale TA. A population based caregivers profile and training needs assessment in Oklahoma. THE JOURNAL OF THE OKLAHOMA STATE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2018; 111:836-842. [PMID: 35308637 PMCID: PMC8932939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies indicate an expected population growth of almost fifty percent in Oklahomans aged 65 and older by 2030. According to the United Health Foundation, Oklahoma ranked 48th in overall senior health in 2017. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Oklahoma Healthy Aging Initiative administered a Consumer Needs Assessment Survey by mail to a stratified random sample of the 475,518 registered voters aged 65 and older. The survey was anonymous and stratified by region. The survey contained six sections: introduction, health and health promotion, activities/recreation, information and assistance, caregiving and "about you." RESULTS Nearly one in three (32%) of respondents indicated that they directly or indirectly provide care to another, with another 9% responding they maybe provide care, and the remaining 59% responding no. Nearly 10% of people who say they are not caregivers reported that they participate at least one day a week in caring for a sick or invalid spouse, family member, or friend living with them, indicating current estimates of the number of caregivers is low. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Those who report they are or are maybe caregivers tend to be more interested in community events and more interested in caregiver respite. In addition, maybe caregivers appear to be more interested in health improvement topics and classes, such as health and wellness, mental health, chronic disease, and computers when compared to both caregivers and non-caregivers. Our survey results indicate a need for caregivers to receive respite services as well as training courses in Oklahoma communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis E Campbell
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13 St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Keith Kleszynski
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1122 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Amanda E Janitz
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13 St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Amber S Anderson
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13 St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Claire Dowers-Nichols
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1122 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Andrew N Dentino
- Graduate Medical Education, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5423 S. McColl Road, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Laurence Z Rubenstein
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1122 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Thomas A Teasdale
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13 St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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205
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Jütten LH, Mark RE, Sitskoorn MM. Can the Mixed Virtual Reality Simulator Into D'mentia Enhance Empathy and Understanding and Decrease Burden in Informal Dementia Caregivers? Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2018; 8:453-466. [PMID: 30631337 PMCID: PMC6323393 DOI: 10.1159/000494660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the mixed virtual reality dementia simulator training Into D'mentia increased informal caregivers' understanding for people with dementia, their empathy, sense of competence, relationship quality with the care receiver, and/or decreased burden, depression, and anxiety. METHODS A quasi-experimental longitudinal study with an intervention group (n = 145) and a control group (n = 56) was conducted. All participants were informal caregivers of people with dementia. They completed six questionnaires and semi-structured interviews 1 week before as well as 1 week, 2.5 months, and 15 months after the training. Data were analyzed on both group and individual level using linear mixed model analyses and Reliable Change Indices. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of the participants in the intervention group found the intervention useful; 76% said they had changed their approach to caregiving, and 61% stressed that the intervention had increased their understanding of dementia. No significant differences were found between the two groups over time regarding empathy, sense of competence, relationship quality with the care receiver, burden, depression, and anxiety, at either group or individual level. CONCLUSION Caregivers indicated that the Into D'mentia intervention improved their understanding of dementia, that they had learned to be more patient, to take things more slowly, and to focus on positive aspects of caregiving. However, no significant change was found on the variables assessed via the questionnaires. Future research can consider enriching this intervention with other aspects such as more educational material, more simulations, and group sessions, tailored to the individual caregiver and his/her situation, and examine whether these new interventions yield change on questionnaires. These new, more personalized interventions for dementia caregivers could help caregivers to better understand the persons with dementia they care for and to ultimately enhance the well-being of both caregivers and persons with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Helena Jütten
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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206
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Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:Dementia caregiving is often stressful and depression in family caregivers is not uncommon. As caregiver depression can have significant effects, there is a need for preventive efforts which are consistent with the extensive literature. We sought to consolidate the wide range of evidence (using a multi-method approach) into a simple framework that can guide the prevention of caregiver depression. METHODS Using multiple logistic regression, we derived the predictors of caregiver depression from an empirical dataset containing key information and depression scores (based on the Center-for-Epidemiological-Studies-Depression-Scale) of 394 family caregivers. We then chose an underpinning theory as the foundation of the framework, and conducted an umbrella systematic review to find possible links between the derived predictors and the theory. Last, we compared the iterated framework with known interventions for caregiver depression in recent literature to assess whether the framework could map meaningfully with the known interventions. RESULTS Significant predictors of caregiver depression included primary caregiver (odds ratio, OR = 1.53), severe dementia (OR = 1.40), and behavioral problems (OR = 3.23), lower education (OR = 1.77), and spousal caregivers (OR = 1.98). The integrated framework derived focuses on four strategic areas: physical-care demands of persons with dementia (PWD), behavioral problems of PWD, caregiving competency, and loss and grief of caregivers. This framework is supported by known interventions for caregiver depression in recent literature. CONCLUSIONS By consolidating a broad range of evidence, we iterated a framework to aid the understanding and prevention of caregiver depression in dementia. The framework offers an approach to prevention which is simple, systematic, and reflective of the extensive literature.
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207
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Kang Y, Choe K, Yu J. The moderating role of the amount of caregiving tasks on the relationships between dementia caregivers’ characteristics and outcomes. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:2544-2554. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kang
- College of Nursing Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwisoon Choe
- Department of Nursing; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jinna Yu
- Department of Nursing; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
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208
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Bartley MM, Suarez L, Shafi RMA, Baruth JM, Benarroch AJM, Lapid MI. Dementia Care at End of Life: Current Approaches. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20:50. [PMID: 29936639 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dementia is a progressive and life-limiting condition that can be described in three stages: early, middle, and late. This article reviews current literature on late-stage dementia. RECENT FINDINGS Survival times may vary across dementia subtypes. Yet, the overall trajectory is characterized by progressive decline until death. Ideally, as people with dementia approach the end of life, care should focus on comfort, dignity, and quality of life. However, barriers prevent optimal end-of-life care in the final stages of dementia. Improved and earlier advanced care planning for persons with dementia and their caregivers can help delineate goals of care and prepare for the inevitable complications of end-stage dementia. This allows for timely access to palliative and hospice care, which ultimately improves dementia end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Reem M A Shafi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joshua M Baruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amanda J M Benarroch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Maria I Lapid
- Center for Palliative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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209
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Liew TM, Yap P, Luo N, Hia SB, Koh GCH, Tai BC. Detecting pre-death grief in family caregivers of persons with dementia: measurement equivalence of the Mandarin-Chinese version of Marwit-Meuser caregiver grief inventory. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:114. [PMID: 29751741 PMCID: PMC5948857 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-death grief (PDG) is a key challenge faced by caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD). Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory (MM-CGI) and its abbreviated MM-CGI-Short-Form (MM-CGI-SF) are among the few empirically-developed scales that detect PDG. However, they have not had a Mandarin-Chinese version even though Chinese-speaking populations have among the largest number of PWD. We produced a Mandarin-Chinese version of MM-CGI and evaluated whether it had equivalent scores and similar psychometric properties to the English version. Methods We produced the Chinese MM-CGI through the methods of forward-backward translation and cognitive debriefing. Then, we recruited family caregivers of PWD (n = 394) to complete either the Chinese (n = 103) or English (n = 291) version. The two versions were compared in their score-difference (adjusting for potential confounders using multiple linear regression), internal-consistency reliability (using Cronbach’s α) and test-retest reliability (using intraclass correlation-coefficient), known-group validity (based on the relationship with the PWD and stage of dementia) and construct validity (using Spearman’s correlation-coefficient). Results The two versions showed similar mean scores, with the adjusted score-difference of 1.2 (90% CI -5.6 to 7.9) for MM-CGI and − 0.4 (90% CI -2.9 to 2.1) for MM-CGI-SF. The 90% CI for adjusted score-difference fell within predefined equivalence-margin (±8 for MM-CGI and ± 3 for MM-CGI-SF) and indicated equivalence of the scores. The two versions also demonstrated similar characteristics in reliability and validity. Conclusions The Chinese MM-CGI opens the way for PDG assessment and intervention among Chinese-speaking caregivers. Establishing its measurement equivalence with the English version paves the way for cross-cultural research on PDG in dementia caregiving. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0804-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tau Ming Liew
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore. .,Psychotherapy Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore. .,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Philip Yap
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Luo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Boon Hia
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerald Choon-Huat Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Choo Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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210
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Mehta KM, Gallagher-Thompson D, Varghese M, Loganathan S, Baruah U, Seeher K, Zandi D, Dua T, Pot AM. iSupport, an online training and support program for caregivers of people with dementia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial in India. Trials 2018; 19:271. [PMID: 29739423 PMCID: PMC5941472 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia has a huge physical, psychological, social and economic impact upon caregivers, families and societies at large. There has been a growing impetus to utilize Internet interventions given the potential scalability, and presumed cost-effectiveness and accessibility. In this paper, we describe the design of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) aiming to study the impact of online self-help programs on caregivers of people with dementia in India. The experimental group will receive an interactive training and support program and the comparison group will receive an education-only e-book. It will be among the first online support intervention RCTs for a mental health condition in a lower-middle income country. Methods and design Two hundred and eight participants are expected to be recruited via several strategies (email, Internet and social media, telephone and face-to-face) starting in the Bangalore region of India. The inclusion criteria for participation in the trial are: (1) being 18 years or older, (2) being a self-reported caregiver of a person with dementia, (3) self-report that a family member has a diagnosis of dementia (AD8 ≥ 2), and experience caregiver distress (≥ 4 on a 1-item burden scale ranging from 1 to 10 or ≥ 4 or < 20 on the Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D) scale (10-item) or ≥ 4 or < 15 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (7-item). The intervention group will be offered iSupport, an online self-help training and support program, enabling a personalized education plan with a maximum of 23 lessons. These modules present a range of topics from “what is dementia?” to “dealing with challenging behaviors like aggression.” The comparison group will receive an education-only e-book containing similar content. The outcomes of this trial are: caregiver burden as measured by the 22-item Zarit Burden Scale, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms (primary outcomes), quality of life, person-centered attitude, self-efficacy and mastery (secondary outcomes). Discussion Based on the findings of this trial, we will examine the potential use and scale up of iSupport for caregiver distress in India. This style of online self-help programs could be expanded to other regions or countries or to other suitable caregiver groups. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry—India (CTRI), ID: CTRI/2017/02/007876. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2604-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala M Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dolores Gallagher-Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Santosh Loganathan
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Upasana Baruah
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Katrin Seeher
- World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diana Zandi
- World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tarun Dua
- World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
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211
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Mohabbat Bahar S, Bigdeli I. Stigma phenomenon to dementia in Iranian population: A phenomenological study. DEMENTIA 2018; 19:319-329. [DOI: 10.1177/1471301218774081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dementia is considered as a serious threat for over 65years old population, because of its high prevalence rates. Dementia with a complex and multifaceted nature has negative effects on patients, family members, and their caregivers’ psychological health and socioeconomic status. The current qualitative study is designed to investigate the stigma phenomenon to dementia in Iranian population. Methods This qualitative research was conducted by the descriptive phenomenological method. In order to analyze the data, the Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method was used. The target population consisted of all patients with dementia and their family members in neurological clinics of Tehran. We interviewed with patients and one of the main family members until data saturation. Participants included the main family members (spouse and children) of people with dementia (nine women and six men) who were selected by a nonrandom purposeful sampling method. Results Two main themes emerged from data analysis: dysfunctional beliefs and negative social attitudes. Each main theme integrates the classes and clusters which are constituted by formulated meanings. Conclusion Dimensions of stigma, such as dysfunctional beliefs and negative social attitudes, in addition to undesirable effects on patients and caregivers lives, is considered as a serious obstacle to effective caring and providing a good quality of life. It can be concluded that, higher levels of awareness, management, and coping with this powerful phenomenon are capable of preventing, rehabilitation, and improving the psychosocial health in elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imanollah Bigdeli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razzavi, Iran
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212
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Sato S, Kazui H, Shimizu Y, Yoshida T, Yoshiyama K, Kanemoto H, Suzuki Y, Morikami T, Fujisue H, Tanaka T, Ikeda M. Usefulness of carer-held records to support informal caregivers of patients with dementia who live at home. Psychogeriatrics 2018; 18:166-174. [PMID: 29409158 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM It is unclear whether carer-held records (CHR) are useful for patients with dementia. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of the CHR for patients with dementia at the municipal level. METHODS Candidates for CHR use in this study were informal caregivers of patients with dementia who lived at home in Kawanishi, Japan. CHR users were those who are involved in the patient's care and treatment, such as informal caregivers, family physicians, dementia specialists, care professionals, and care service coordinators, known as ‛care managers' in Japan. Collaborative meetings were held every month mainly to help users, especially care managers, learn how to effectively use CHR. We surveyed informal caregivers before and 1.5 years after the start of CHR use to evaluate whether CHR improved collaboration and information provision. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview and Dementia Behaviour Disturbance Scale were also administered. We divided the informal caregivers who continued CHR use for 1.5 years into two subgroups based on whether their care manager attended the collaborative meetings at least twice. In addition, we divided informal caregivers into three subgroups depending on their relationship to the patient: spouse, child, or daughter-in-law. RESULTS The study initially consisted of 201 informal caregivers. Among them, 74 informal caregivers continued CHR use for 1.5 years. The information provision score significantly improved after CHR use for all informal caregivers. The collaboration score significantly improved after CHR use only for informal caregivers whose care managers attended at least two collaborative meetings. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview score significantly improved after CHR use for daughter-in-law caregivers. The Dementia Behaviour Disturbance Scale scores did not significantly improve after CHR use. CONCLUSIONS CHR were useful for informal caregivers of patients with dementia. However, care managers need to teach informal caregivers how to properly use CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kazui
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Shimizu
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukiko Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshimi Morikami
- Kawanishi City Central Integrated Community Care Support Center, Kawanishi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujisue
- Kawanishi Medical Association, Kawanishi, Japan.,Fujisue Clinic, Kawanishi, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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213
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Emotional reactivity to daily life stress in spousal caregivers of people with dementia: An experience sampling study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194118. [PMID: 29617373 PMCID: PMC5884477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Caregivers differ in their emotional response when facing difficult situations during the caregiving process. Individual differences in vulnerabilities and resources could play an exacerbating or buffering role in caregivers’ reactivity to daily life stress. This study examines which caregiver characteristics modify emotional stress reactivity in dementia caregivers. Methods Thirty caregivers collected momentary data, as based on the experience sampling methodology, to assess (1) appraised subjective stress related to events and minor disturbances in daily life, and (2) emotional reactivity to these daily life stressors, conceptualized as changes in negative affect. Caregiver characteristics (i.e. vulnerabilities and resources) were administered retrospectively. Results Caregivers who more frequently used the coping strategies ‘seeking distraction’, ‘seeking social support’, and ‘fostering reassuring thoughts’ experienced less emotional reactivity towards stressful daily events. A higher educational level and a higher sense of competence and mastery lowered emotional reactivity towards minor disturbances in daily life. No effects were found for age, gender, and hours of care and contact with the person with dementia. Discussion Caregiver resources can impact emotional reactivity to daily life stress. Interventions aimed at empowerment of caregiver resources, such as sense of competence, mastery, and coping, could help to reduce stress reactivity in dementia caregivers.
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214
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Kazmer MM, Glueckauf RL, Schettini G, Ma J, Silva M. Qualitative Analysis of Faith Community Nurse-Led Cognitive-Behavioral and Spiritual Counseling for Dementia Caregivers. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:633-647. [PMID: 29169293 DOI: 10.1177/1049732317743238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article presents themes emerging from semistructured interviews with dementia family caregivers in rural communities who participated in an integrative, cognitive-behavioral and spiritual counseling intervention, and with faith community nurses (FCNs) who delivered the intervention. The primary objectives of the counseling intervention were to ameliorate dementia caregivers' depressive affect and the severity of their self-identified caregiving and self-care problems. The qualitative portion of the study was intended to elicit caregivers' and FCNs' perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of the intervention. We conducted interviews with seven FCN/caregiver pairs 4 times during the 6-month counseling process, totaling 56 interviews. Themes emerging from the interviews included caregivers' perception of burden and care partners' problem behavior; formation of therapeutic alliance between FCNs and caregivers; problem-solving skills, tools, and resources; caregivers' use of problem-solving strategies; spirituality in caregiving and counseling processes; FCNs' prior professional experience; and caregiver and FCN time constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinxuan Ma
- 2 Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas, USA
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215
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Neubert L, König HH, Brettschneider C. Seeking the balance between caregiving in dementia, family and employment: study protocol for a mixed methods study in Northern Germany. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019444. [PMID: 29487075 PMCID: PMC5855352 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The debate on reconciliation between childcare and working has to be expanded to caregiving for the elderly, since the importance of informal caregiving will increase in the future due to populations' ageing and women's increasing labour force participation. Informal caregivers who are caring for the rising number of persons with dementia (PwD) are often female and subjected to high caregiving requirements. These are added to further demands emerging from their family and work life. How affected caregivers seek to balance those requirements depends on, inter alia, their own characteristics and the informal caregiving network to whom they relate. Both aspects were not yet considered in previous studies. This mixed methods study thus aims to explore the reconciliation between caregiving in dementia, family and employment by including different members of caregiving networks of home-dwelling PwD and by considering their personal characteristics. METHODS AND ANALYSIS By purposive sampling, we include at least five caregiving networks of home-dwelling PwD; each of them consisting of at least three informal caregivers living in Northern Germany. Narrative interviews of participants will be recorded, transcribed verbatim and interpreted according to the Documentary Method (QUAL). By completing standardised questionnaires, participants will provide sociodemographic and psychographic data concerning themselves and the networks from whom they arise (quan). This supplemental, descriptive information will give further background to the themes and types emerging from the interviews. Hence, the quan-data enrich the QUAL-data by exploring the narratives of participants in the light of their personal and network-related characteristics. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the German Society of Nursing Sciences. Study results will be disseminated through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00012929.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Neubert
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Brettschneider
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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216
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Harding E, Sullivan MP, Woodbridge R, Yong KXX, McIntyre A, Gilhooly ML, Gilhooly KJ, Crutch SJ. 'Because my brain isn't as active as it should be, my eyes don't always see': a qualitative exploration of the stress process for those living with posterior cortical atrophy. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018663. [PMID: 29439072 PMCID: PMC5829605 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the stress process for individuals living with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and their families. DESIGN A qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured dyadic and individual interviews with people living with a diagnosis of PCA and a family carer. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed. SETTING Participants' homes. PARTICIPANTS 20 individuals in the mild to moderate stages of PCA and 20 family carers. FINDINGS Three major themes were identified: (1) the diagnostic journey: mostly an unsettling and convoluted process, owing to the early age of onset, rarity and atypical symptom profile of PCA. (2) Interactions with the physical environment: profound difficulties with functional and leisure activities were usually compensated for with adaptations maximising familiarity or simplicity. (3) Implications within the psychosocial environment: symptoms impacted individuals' sense of independence and identity and required reallocations of roles and responsibilities. Ongoing uncertainties and the progressive nature of PCA caused most dyads to take a 'one day at a time' approach to coping. Relatively well-preserved insight and memory were a benefit and burden, as individuals shared the illness experience with family members and also compared their current situation to pre-diagnosis. The experience was framed by background and contextual factors and understood within an ever-changing temporal context. CONCLUSION The stress process in PCA is characterised by uncertainty and unpredictability from diagnosis through to ongoing management. The provision of tailored information about cortical visual problems and associated functional difficulties, time-sensitive environmental adaptations to help those with PCA to identify what and where things are and psychosocial interventions for the marital/family unit as a whole would be useful to improve both functional status and psychological well-being. Future research exploring (1) stress and coping in the later stages of PCA and (2) the nature and impact of visual impairment(s) in typical Alzheimer's disease would be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Harding
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Pat Sullivan
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Applied and Professional Studies, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Keir X X Yong
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne McIntyre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Mary L Gilhooly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
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217
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Verstaen A, Moskowitz JT, Snowberg KE, Merrilees J, Dowling GA. Life Enhancing Activities for Family Caregivers of people with dementia: protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a positive affect skills intervention. OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRIALS 2018; 10:1-12. [PMID: 33981167 PMCID: PMC8112203 DOI: 10.2147/oajct.s150597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing number of family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) and the associated burden and detriments to both physical and mental health, interventions that aim to improve such outcomes are important. Studies are increasingly demonstrating the unique importance of positive emotions in coping with stress, independent from the impact of negative emotions. However, none have examined the benefits of interventions that target positive emotions for caregivers of individuals with a chronic and debilitating disease such as dementia. This paper presents the design and methods for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a positive affect skills intervention for family caregivers of PWD. The RCT is of a skills-based intervention that seeks to increase the frequency and intensity of positive affect in order to improve outcomes such as well-being, coping, and physical and mental health. The skills are delivered by trained facilitators via five one-to-one Internet video sessions with family caregivers of persons diagnosed with dementia (eg, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, unspecified). The control group is an emotion reporting/waitlist control. Follow-up assessments are conducted post-intervention and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-completion of the intervention. This study promises to be an important and needed step toward improving the lives of caregivers of PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Verstaen
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Judith T Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Karin E Snowberg
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jennifer Merrilees
- UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Glenna A Dowling
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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218
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Berwig M, Heinrich S, Spahlholz J, Hallensleben N, Brähler E, Gertz HJ. Individualized support for informal caregivers of people with dementia - effectiveness of the German adaptation of REACH II. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:286. [PMID: 29233097 PMCID: PMC5728045 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individualized, outreach and structured multicomponent interventions are a promising intervention approach to relieve the burden of informal caregivers of people with dementia. In this study, we adapted and evaluated a multicomponent intervention (Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health II, REACH II), which was developed in the USA, to the German health-care system. Therefore the project is called the German adaptation of REACH II (in German: Deutsche Adaptation der REACH II, DE-REACH). Methods The effectiveness of DE-REACH was examined in a randomized, controlled trial on 92 informal caregivers of people with dementia. The intervention comprised 12 individual two-weekly sessions (9 at home with the informal caregiver and 3 via telephone) and combined five modules. The reduction of the burden of the informal caregivers was chosen as the primary outcome. Results The results showed a great stabilizing effect of the intervention on caregiver burden (effect size d = 0.91), that is, comparing pre- and post-measurements the burden decreased very slightly in the intervention group whereas it increased very strongly in the control group. After a three-month follow-up period this effect decreased from a great to a moderate effect. There were also improvements as a result of the intervention in somatization, health-related psychological quality of life and the reaction of the informal caregivers in response to challenging behaviors of the relative with dementia. Moreover, the frequency of challenging behaviors of the affected person itself was reduced in favor of the intervention. Conclusion The findings of this study provide further evidence for the impact of multicomponent support interventions for informal caregivers of people with dementia. Clinical trial registration NCT01690117. Registered September 17, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Berwig
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Site Witten, Witten, Germany. .,Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Heinrich
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jenny Spahlholz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nina Hallensleben
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic and Policlinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gertz
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
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219
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Aston L, Hilton A, Moutela T, Shaw R, Maidment I. Exploring the evidence base for how people with dementia and their informal carers manage their medication in the community: a mixed studies review. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:242. [PMID: 29047339 PMCID: PMC5648510 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the general medicines management issues for people with dementia living in the community. This review has three aims: firstly to explore and evaluate the international literature on how people with dementia manage medication; assess understanding of medicines management from an informal carers perspective; and lastly to understand the role that healthcare professionals play in assisting this population with medicines management. Methods A mixed studies review was conducted. Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched post-1999 for studies that explored medicines management in people with dementia dwelling in the community, and the role healthcare professionals play in supporting medicines management in people with dementia. Following screening, nine articles were included. Data from included studies were synthesised using a convergent synthesis approach and analysed thematically to combine findings from studies using a range of methods (qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods). Results Four themes were generated from the synthesis: The nature of the disease and the effects this had on medicines management; the additional responsibilities informal carers have; informal caregivers’ knowledge of the importance of managing medication and healthcare professionals’ understanding of medicines management in people with dementia. Consequently, these were found to affect management of medication, in particular adherence to medication. Conclusions This review has identified that managing medication for people with dementia dwelling in the community is a complex task with a frequently associated burden on their informal caregivers. Healthcare professionals can be unaware of this burden. The findings warrant the need for healthcare professionals to undergo further training in supporting medicines management for people with dementia in their own homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Aston
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Hilton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Tiago Moutela
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Shaw
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Maidment
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing (ARCHA) and Pharmacy Department, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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220
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Pang RC, Lee DT. Finding positives in caregiving: The unique experiences of Chinese spousal caregivers of persons with young-onset dementia. DEMENTIA 2017; 18:1615-1628. [PMID: 28831816 DOI: 10.1177/1471301217724026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The experience of taking care of spouses with young-onset dementia has been identified as unique and merits considerations. However, current knowledge about this area in Chinese spousal caregivers is scarce. A qualitative descriptive study was therefore conducted to explore the experience of spousal caregivers of persons with young-onset dementia in Hong Kong. A total of six spousal caregivers of persons diagnosed with dementia before the age of 65 participated in this study. Three major categories were identified: coming to terms with an unexpected diagnosis; multiple unanticipated and ‘early’ losses and finding positives and meaning. This study has highlighted the influence of sociocultural values on the spousal caregiving experience in young-onset dementia caregiving. The findings also have significant implications for the development of interventions to facilitate the spousal caregivers to accept and sustain their caregiving role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ck Pang
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Diana Tf Lee
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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221
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Faraji J, Soltanpour N, Lotfi H, Moeeini R, Moharreri AR, Roudaki S, Hosseini SA, Olson DM, Abdollahi AA, Soltanpour N, Mohajerani MH, Metz GAS. Lack of Social Support Raises Stress Vulnerability in Rats with a History of Ancestral Stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5277. [PMID: 28706188 PMCID: PMC5509705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a primary risk factor for psychiatric disorders. However, it is not fully understood why some stressed individuals are more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders than others. Here, we investigated whether multigenerational ancestral stress produces phenotypes that are sensitive to depression-like symptoms in rats. We also examined whether social isolation reveals potentially latent sensitivity to depression-like behaviours. F4 female rats born to a lineage of stressed mothers (F0-F3) received stress in adulthood while housed in pairs or alone. Social isolation during stress induced cognitive and psychomotor retardation only in rats exposed to ancestral stress. Social isolation also hampered the resilience of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to chronic stress and reduced hippocampal volume and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Thus, synergy between social isolation and stress may unmask a latent history of ancestral stress, and raises vulnerability to mental health conditions. The findings support the notion that social support critically promotes stress coping and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Faraji
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Gorgan, I. R. of Iran.
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Lethbridge, Canada.
| | - Nabiollah Soltanpour
- Babol University of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Babol, I. R. of Iran
| | - Hamid Lotfi
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, I. R. of Iran
| | - Reza Moeeini
- Avicenna Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Behavioural Studies, Yazd, I. R. of Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Moharreri
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Gorgan, I. R. of Iran
| | - Shabnam Roudaki
- Avicenna Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Behavioural Studies, Yazd, I. R. of Iran
| | - S Abedin Hosseini
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Gorgan, I. R. of Iran
| | - David M Olson
- University of Alberta, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ali-Akbar Abdollahi
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Gorgan, I. R. of Iran
| | - Nasrin Soltanpour
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Lethbridge, Canada
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222
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Brooks D, Fielding E, Beattie E, Edwards H, Hines S. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on the psychological health and wellbeing of family carers of people with dementia following residential care placement: a systematic review protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 15:1228-1235. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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223
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Bateman DR, Brady E, Wilkerson D, Yi EH, Karanam Y, Callahan CM. Comparing Crowdsourcing and Friendsourcing: A Social Media-Based Feasibility Study to Support Alzheimer Disease Caregivers. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e56. [PMID: 28396304 PMCID: PMC5404144 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the United States, over 15 million informal caregivers provide unpaid care to people with Alzheimer disease (AD). Compared with others in their age group, AD caregivers have higher rates of stress, and medical and psychiatric illnesses. Psychosocial interventions improve the health of caregivers. However, constraints of time, distance, and availability inhibit the use of these services. Newer online technologies, such as social media, online groups, friendsourcing, and crowdsourcing, present alternative methods of delivering support. However, limited work has been done in this area with caregivers. Objective The primary aims of this study were to determine (1) the feasibility of innovating peer support group work delivered through social media with friendsourcing, (2) whether the intervention provides an acceptable method for AD caregivers to obtain support, and (3) whether caregiver outcomes were affected by the intervention. A Facebook app provided support to AD caregivers through collecting friendsourced answers to caregiver questions from participants’ social networks. The study’s secondary aim was to descriptively compare friendsourced answers versus crowdsourced answers. Methods We recruited AD caregivers online to participate in a 6-week-long asynchronous, online, closed group on Facebook, where caregivers received support through moderator prompts, group member interactions, and friendsourced answers to caregiver questions. We surveyed and interviewed participants before and after the online group to assess their needs, views on technology, and experience with the intervention. Caregiver questions were pushed automatically to the participants’ Facebook News Feed, allowing participants’ Facebook friends to see and post answers to the caregiver questions (Friendsourced answers). Of these caregiver questions, 2 were pushed to crowdsource workers through the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. We descriptively compared characteristics of these crowdsourced answers with the friendsourced answers. Results In total, 6 AD caregivers completed the initial online survey and semistructured telephone interview. Of these, 4 AD caregivers agreed to participate in the online Facebook closed group activity portion of the study. Friendsourcing and crowdsourcing answers to caregiver questions had similar rates of acceptability as rated by content experts: 90% (27/30) and 100% (45/45), respectively. Rates of emotional support and informational support for both groups of answers appeared to trend with the type of support emphasized in the caregiver question (emotional vs informational support question). Friendsourced answers included more shared experiences (20/30, 67%) than did crowdsourced answers (4/45, 9%). Conclusions We found an asynchronous, online, closed group on Facebook to be generally acceptable as a means to deliver support to caregivers of people with AD. This pilot is too small to make judgments on effectiveness; however, results trended toward an improvement in caregivers’ self-efficacy, sense of support, and perceived stress, but these results were not statistically significant. Both friendsourced and crowdsourced answers may be an acceptable way to provide informational and emotional support to caregivers of people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Robert Bateman
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Erin Brady
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David Wilkerson
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Eun-Hye Yi
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yamini Karanam
- Department of Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Christopher M Callahan
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Lingler JH. Commentary on a Gain-Focused Reappraisal Intervention for Dementia Caregivers. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:751-2. [PMID: 27569268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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