201
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Han L, Cao C, Jia Z, Liu S, Liu Z, Xin R, Wang C, Li X, Ren W, Wang X, Li C. Epidermal growth factor gene is a newly identified candidate gene for gout. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31082. [PMID: 27506295 PMCID: PMC4978989 DOI: 10.1038/srep31082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 4q25 has been identified as a genomic region associated with gout. However, the associations of gout with the genes in this region have not yet been confirmed. Here, we performed two-stage analysis to determine whether variations in candidate genes in the 4q25 region are associated with gout in a male Chinese Han population. We first evaluated 96 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight inflammatory/immune pathway- or glucose/lipid metabolism-related genes in the 4q25 region in 480 male gout patients and 480 controls. The SNP rs12504538, located in the elongation of very-long-chain-fatty-acid-like family member 6 gene (Elovl6), was found to be associated with gout susceptibility (Padjusted = 0.00595). In the second stage of analysis, we performed fine mapping analysis of 93 tag SNPs in Elovl6 and in the epidermal growth factor gene (EGF) and its flanking regions in 1017 male patients gout and 1897 healthy male controls. We observed a significant association between the T allele of EGF rs2298999 and gout (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–0.88, Padjusted = 6.42 × 10−3). These results provide the first evidence for an association between the EGF rs2298999 C/T polymorphism and gout. Our findings should be validated in additional populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaotong Jia
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruosai Xin
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Can Wang
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinde Li
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, Qingdao 266003, China.,Gout laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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202
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Roman YM, Culhane-Pera KA, Menk J, Straka RJ. Assessment of genetic polymorphisms associated with hyperuricemia or gout in the Hmong. Per Med 2016; 13:429-440. [PMID: 28781600 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hyperuricemia commonly causes gout. Minnesota Hmong exhibit a two- to fivefold higher prevalence of gout versus non-Hmong. To elucidate a possible genomic contribution to this disparity, prevalence of risk alleles for hyperuricemia in Hmong was compared with European (CEU) and Han-Chinese (CHB). METHODS In total, 235 Hmong were genotyped for eight SNPs representing five candidate genes (SLC22A12, SLC2A9, ABCG2, SLC17A1 and PDZK1). RESULTS The frequency of seven out of eight risk alleles in the Hmong was significantly different than CEU; six higher and one with lower prevalence. The frequency of three out of eight risk alleles in the Hmong was significantly different than CHB; two higher and one with lower prevalence. CONCLUSION Hyperuricemia risk alleles are more prevalent in the Hmong than CEU and HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Roman
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Jeremiah Menk
- Center of Translational Science Institute, Biostatistical Design & Analysis Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Straka
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, MN 55455, USA
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203
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Common variant of PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1) gene is associated with gout susceptibility: A replication study and meta-analysis in Japanese population. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:464-466. [PMID: 27720648 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1) is a scaffold protein that organizes a transportsome and regulates several transporters' functions including urate and drug transporters. Therefore, PDZK1 in renal proximal tubules may affect serum uric acid levels through PDZK1-binding renal urate transporters. Two previous studies in Japanese male population reported that a PDZK1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs12129861, was not associated with gout. In the present study, we performed a further association analysis between gout and rs12129861 in a different large-scale Japanese male population and a meta-analysis with previous Japanese population studies. We genotyped rs12129861 in 1210 gout cases and 1224 controls of a Japanese male population by TaqMan assay. As a result, we showed that rs12129861 was significantly associated with gout susceptibility (P = 0.016, odds ratio [OR] = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.96). The result of the meta-analysis among Japanese populations also showed a significant association (P = 0.013, OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.75-0.97). Our findings show the significant association between gout susceptibility and common variant of PDZK1 which reportedly regulates the functions of urate transporters in the urate transportsome.
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204
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Brouwers MCGJ, Jacobs C, Bast A, Stehouwer CDA, Schaper NC. Modulation of Glucokinase Regulatory Protein: A Double-Edged Sword? Trends Mol Med 2016; 21:583-594. [PMID: 26432016 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The continuous search for drugs targeting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has led to the identification of small molecules that disrupt the binding between glucokinase and glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP). Although mice studies are encouraging, it will take years before these disruptors can be introduced to T2DM patients. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that variants in the gene encoding GKRP protect against T2DM and kidney disease but predispose to gout, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and dyslipidemia. These genetic data, together with previous experience with systemic and hepatospecific glucokinase activators, provide insight into the anticipated efficacy and safety of small-molecule disruptors in humans. Interestingly, they suggest that the opposite--enhanced GKRP-glucokinase binding--could be beneficial in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Chantal Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- General Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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205
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Roshanbin S, Lindberg FA, Lekholm E, Eriksson MM, Perland E, Åhlund J, Raine A, Fredriksson R. Histological characterization of orphan transporter MCT14 (SLC16A14) shows abundant expression in mouse CNS and kidney. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:43. [PMID: 27364523 PMCID: PMC4929735 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MCT14 (SLC16A14) is an orphan member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family, also known as the SLC16 family of secondary active transmembrane transporters. Available expression data for this transporter is limited, and in this paper we aim to characterize MCT14 with respect to tissue distribution and cellular localization in mouse brain. RESULTS Using qPCR, we found that Slc16a14 mRNA was highly abundant in mouse kidney and moderately in central nervous system, testis, uterus and liver. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we determined that MCT14 was highly expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons as well as epithelial cells in the mouse brain. The expression was exclusively localized to the soma of neurons. Furthermore, we showed with our phylogenetic analysis that MCT14 most closely relate to the aromatic amino acid- and thyroid-hormone transporters MCT8 (SLC16A2) and MCT10 (SLC16A10), in addition to the carnitine transporter MCT9 (SLC16A9). CONCLUSIONS We provide here the first histological mapping of MCT14 in the brain and our data are consistent with the hypothesis that MCT14 is a neuronal aromatic-amino-acid transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Roshanbin
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frida A Lindberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emilia Lekholm
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikaela M Eriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Perland
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Åhlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda Raine
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden.
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206
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Yan D, Wang J, Jiang F, Zhang R, Sun X, Wang T, Wang S, Peng D, He Z, Bao Y, Hu C, Jia W. Association between serum uric acid related genetic loci and diabetic kidney disease in the Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:798-802. [PMID: 26993665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the association between uric acid related genetic loci and DKD susceptibility in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from thirteen loci related to serum uric acid were genotyped in 2,892 type 2 diabetes patients. Associations between SNPs and uric acid, SNPs and quantitative traits related to DKD or its susceptibility were evaluated. RESULTS In this study, uric acid showed a strong association with DKD (OR=1.006, p<0.0001). GCKR rs780094, SLC2A9 rs11722228, SLC2A9 rs3775948, ABCG2 rs2231142, SLC22A12 rs505802 and NRXN2 rs506338 were positively associated with serum uric acid (p=3.79E-05, 0.0002, 2.04E-10, 2.23E-09, 0.0018 and 0.0015, respectively). SLC2A9 rs11722228 and SF1 rs606458 were significantly associated with DKD (OR=0.864, p=0.0440; OR=1.223, p=0.0038). SLC2A9 rs3775948 and ABCG2 rs2231142 were associated with DKD marginally (OR=0.878, p=0.0506; OR=0.879, p=0.0698). SLC2A9 rs11722228, SLC2A9 rs3775948, ABCG2 rs2231142 and SF1 rs606458 were significantly associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (p=0.0005, 0.0006, 0.0003, and 0.0424, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the uric acid related alleles of SLC2A9 rs11722228, SLC2A9 rs3775948, ABCG2 rs2231142 might affect DKD susceptibility and possibly through non-uric acid pathway in the Chinese people with type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Alleles
- Case-Control Studies
- China
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetic Nephropathies/blood
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glomerular Filtration Barrier
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/genetics
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- RNA Splicing Factors/genetics
- RNA Splicing Factors/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency/blood
- Renal Insufficiency/complications
- Renal Insufficiency/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency/physiopathology
- Uremia/etiology
- Uric Acid/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Xue Sun
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Shiyun Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Danfeng Peng
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Zhen He
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233 China.
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207
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Swerdlow DI, Kuchenbaecker KB, Shah S, Sofat R, Holmes MV, White J, Mindell JS, Kivimaki M, Brunner EJ, Whittaker JC, Casas JP, Hingorani AD. Selecting instruments for Mendelian randomization in the wake of genome-wide association studies. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1600-1616. [PMID: 27342221 PMCID: PMC5100611 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) studies typically assess the pathogenic relevance of environmental exposures or disease biomarkers, using genetic variants that instrument these exposures. The approach is gaining popularity-our systematic review reveals a greater than 10-fold increase in MR studies published between 2004 and 2015. When the MR paradigm was first proposed, few biomarker- or exposure-related genetic variants were known, most having been identified by candidate gene studies. However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are now providing a rich source of potential instruments for MR analysis. Many early reviews covering the concept, applications and analytical aspects of the MR technique preceded the surge in GWAS, and thus the question of how best to select instruments for MR studies from the now extensive pool of available variants has received insufficient attention. Here we focus on the most common category of MR studies-those concerning disease biomarkers. We consider how the selection of instruments for MR analysis from GWAS requires consideration of: the assumptions underlying the MR approach; the biology of the biomarker; the genome-wide distribution, frequency and effect size of biomarker-associated variants (the genetic architecture); and the specificity of the genetic associations. Based on this, we develop guidance that may help investigators to plan and readers interpret MR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Swerdlow
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK .,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sonia Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK
| | - Jon White
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer S Mindell
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Whittaker
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Genetics Division, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, NFSP, Harlow, UK
| | - Juan P Casas
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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208
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Yang L, Dong Z, Zhou J, Ma Y, Pu W, Zhao D, He H, Ji H, Yang Y, Wang X, Xu X, Pang Y, Zou H, Jin L, Yang C, Wang J. Common UCP2 variants contribute to serum urate concentrations and the risk of hyperuricemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27279. [PMID: 27273589 PMCID: PMC4897637 DOI: 10.1038/srep27279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum urate, which is regulated at multiple levels including genetic variants, is a risk factor for gout and other metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between UCP2 variants and serum urate as well as hyperuricemia in a Chinese population. In total, 4332 individuals were genotyped for two common UCP2 variants, -866G/A and Ala55Val. These loci were not associated either serum urate level or with a risk of hyperuricemia in the total group of subjects. However, in females, -866G/A and Ala55Val were associated with a lower serum urate (P = 0.006 and 0.014, seperately) and played a protective role against hyperuricemia (OR = 0.80, P = 0.018; OR = 0.79, P = 0.016). These associations were not observed in the males. After further stratification, the two loci were associated with serum urate in overweight, but not underweight females. The haplotype A-T (-866G/A-Ala55Val) was a protective factor for hyperuricemia in the female subgroup (OR = 0.80, P = 0.017). This present study identified a novel gene, UCP2, that influences the serum urate concentration and the risk of hyperuricemia, and the degree of association varies with gender and BMI levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongbao Zhao
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun He
- Division of Rheumatology, Taixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hengdong Ji
- Division of Rheumatology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Pang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengde Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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209
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Association between SLC2A9 (GLUT9) gene polymorphisms and gout susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 2016; 36:1157-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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210
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Abstract
Elevated serum urate concentration is the primary cause of gout. Understanding the processes that affect serum urate concentration is important for understanding the etiology of gout and thereby understanding treatment. Urate handing in the human body is a complex system including three major processes: production, renal elimination, and intestinal elimination. A change in any one of these can affect both the steady-state serum urate concentration as well as other urate processes. The remarkable complexity underlying urate regulation and its maintenance at high levels in humans suggests that this molecule could potentially play an interesting role other than as a mere waste product to be eliminated as rapidly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hyndman
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc., Biology Department, 9390 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Sha Liu
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc., Biology Department, 9390 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Miner
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc., Biology Department, 9390 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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211
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Tu HP, Chung CM, Min-Shan Ko A, Lee SS, Lai HM, Lee CH, Huang CM, Liu CS, Ko YC. Additive composite ABCG2, SLC2A9 and SLC22A12 scores of high-risk alleles with alcohol use modulate gout risk. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:803-10. [PMID: 27225847 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of urate transporter genes and alcohol use to the risk of gout/tophi. Eight variants of ABCG2, SLC2A9, SLC22A12, SLC22A11 and SLC17A3 were genotyped in male individuals in a case-control study with 157 gout (33% tophi), 106 asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and 295 control subjects from Taiwan. The multilocus profiles of the genetic risk scores for urate gene variants were used to evaluate the risk of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia, gout and tophi. ABCG2 Q141K (T), SLC2A9 rs1014290 (A) and SLC22A12 rs475688 (C) under an additive model and alcohol use independently predicted the risk of gout (respective odds ratio for each factor=2.48, 2.03, 1.95 and 2.48). The additive composite Q141K, rs1014290 and rs475688 scores of high-risk alleles were associated with gout risk (P<0.0001). We observed the supramultiplicative interaction effect of genetic urate scores and alcohol use on gout and tophi risk (P for interaction=0.0452, 0.0033). The synergistic effect of genetic urate score 5-6 and alcohol use indicates that these combined factors correlate with gout and tophi occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Chung
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Albert Min-Shan Ko
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Germany
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ming Lai
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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212
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Serum uric acid and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. J Hypertens 2016; 33:1729-41; discussion 1741. [PMID: 26136207 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that chronic hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for hypertension, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases. This highlights the need for greater attention to serum uric acid levels when profiling patients, and suggests that the threshold above which uricemia is considered abnormal is 6 mg/dl, in light of the available evidence. Another important question is whether lowering serum uric acid can improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes, and what therapeutic mechanism of action could provide more clinical benefits to patients; the available literature shows a trend toward improvement associated with administration of urate-lowering drugs, in particular for the xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The demonstrated efficacy of urate-lowering therapy on outcomes other than gout flares leads to the consideration that treatment may be beneficial even in the absence of overt gout when hyperuricemia accompanies other clinical conditions, such as urate deposition, advanced CKD or cardiovascular risk factors.
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213
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Shen J, Li Z, Chen J, Song Z, Zhou Z, Shi Y. SHEsisPlus, a toolset for genetic studies on polyploid species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24095. [PMID: 27048905 PMCID: PMC4822172 DOI: 10.1038/srep24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, algorithms and softwares for genetic analysis of diploid organisms with bi-allelic markers are well-established, while those for polyploids are limited. Here, we present SHEsisPlus, the online algorithm toolset for both dichotomous and quantitative trait genetic analysis on polyploid species (compatible with haploids and diploids, too). SHEsisPlus is also optimized for handling multiple-allele datasets. It's free, open source and also designed to perform a range of analyses, including haplotype inference, linkage disequilibrium analysis, epistasis detection, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and single locus association tests. Meanwhile, we developed an accurate and efficient haplotype inference algorithm for polyploids and proposed an entropy-based algorithm to detect epistasis in the context of quantitative traits. A study of both simulated and real datasets showed that our haplotype inference algorithm was much faster and more accurate than existing ones. Our epistasis detection algorithm was the first try to apply information theory to characterizing the gene interactions in quantitative trait datasets. Results showed that its statistical power was significantly higher than conventional approaches. SHEsisPlus is freely available on the web at http://shesisplus.bio-x.cn/. Source code is freely available for download at https://github.com/celaoforever/SHEsisPlus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,School of Bio-medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200230, P.R. China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Institute of Clinical Research, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,School of Bio-medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200230, P.R. China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200042, P.R. China.,Department of Psychiatry, the First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P.R. China
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214
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Bhatnagar V, Richard EL, Wu W, Nievergelt CM, Lipkowitz MS, Jeff J, Maihofer AX, Nigam SK. Analysis of ABCG2 and other urate transporters in uric acid homeostasis in chronic kidney disease: potential role of remote sensing and signaling. Clin Kidney J 2016; 9:444-53. [PMID: 27274832 PMCID: PMC4886906 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD), altered extra-renal urate handling may be necessary to regulate plasma uric acid. The Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis (Nigam S. What do drug transporters really do? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14: 29–44) suggests that multispecific solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters in different tissues are part of an inter-organ communication system that maintains levels of urate and other metabolites after organ injury. Methods Data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC; n = 3598) were used to study associations between serum uric acid and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the following uric acid transporters: ABCG2 (BRCP), SLC22A6 (OAT1), SLC22A8 (OAT3), SLC22A10 (OAT5), SLC22A11 (OAT4), SLC22A12 (URAT1), SLC22A13 (OAT10), SLC17A1-A3 (NPTs), SLC2A9 (GLUT9), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC4 (MRP4). Regression models, controlling for principal components age, gender and renal function, were run separately for those of European (EA) and African ancestry (AA), and P-values corrected for multiple comparisons. A twin cohort with participants of EA and normal renal function was used for comparison. Results Among those of EA in CRIC, statistically significant signals were observed for SNPs in ABCG2 (rs4148157; beta-coefficient = 0.68; P = 4.78E-13) and SNPs in SLC2A9 (rs13125646; beta-coefficient = −0.30; P = 1.06E-5). Among those of AA, the strongest (but not statistically significant) signals were observed for SNPs in SLC2A9, followed by SNPs in ABCG2. In the twin study (normal renal function), only SNPs in SLC2A9 were significant (rs4481233; beta-coefficient=−0.45; P = 7.0E-6). In CRIC, weaker associations were also found for SLC17A3 (NPT4) and gender-specific associations found for SLC22A8 (OAT3), SLC22A11 (OAT4), and ABCC4 (MRP4). Conclusions In patients of EA with CKD (CRIC cohort), we found striking associations between uric acid and SNPs on ABCG2, a key transporter of uric acid by intestine. Compared with ABCG2, SLC2A9 played a much less significant role in this subset of patients with CKD. SNPs in other SLC (e.g. SLC22A8 or OAT3) and ABC (e.g. ABCC4 or MRP4) genes appear to make a weak gender-dependent contribution to uric acid homeostasis in CKD. As renal urate transport is affected in the setting of declining kidney function, extra-renal ABCG2 appears to play a compensatory role—a notion consistent with animal studies and the Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis. Overall, the data indicate how different urate transporters become more or less important depending on renal function, ethnicity and gender. Therapies focused on enhancing ABCG2 urate handling may be helpful in the setting of CKD and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Bhatnagar
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health , School of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Erin L Richard
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health , School of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Michael S Lipkowitz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension , Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Janina Jeff
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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215
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Yan D, Wang J, Jiang F, Zhang R, Wang T, Wang S, Peng D, He Z, Chen H, Bao Y, Hu C, Jia W. A causal relationship between uric acid and diabetic macrovascular disease in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:194-9. [PMID: 27064641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the association between uric acid and macrovascular disease has been heavily debated, we aimed to confirm whether there is a causal relationship between uric acid and diabetic macrovascular disease through Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS In 3207 type 2 diabetes patients, seventeen SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) related to uric acid were genotyped. A weighted GRS (genetic risk score) was calculated using selected SNPs and the strength of their effects on uric acid levels. Diabetic macrovascular disease was diagnosed through vascular ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or other clinical evidence. Associations of diabetic macrovascular disease with uric acid and weighted GRS were evaluated separately. RESULTS In total participants and among females, the prevalence of diabetic macrovascular disease was significantly higher in hyperuricemic group than in normouricemic group, and uric acid was associated with diabetic macrovascular disease (OR=1.068, p=0.0349; OR=1.122, p=0.0158). The prevalence of diabetic macrovascular disease increased with the weighted GRS in a J-shaped manner for the females. The weighted GRS was positively correlated with uric acid in total population, male patients and female patients (β=0.203, p<0.0001; β=0.255, p<0.0001; β=0.142, p<0.0001, respectively). The weighted GRS was significantly associated with diabetic macrovascular disease in female patients (OR=1.184, p=0.0039). Among females, the observed association between weighted GRS and diabetic macrovascular disease was greater than predicted. CONCLUSIONS Using the uric acid-related weighted GRS as an instrumental variable for Mendelian randomization analysis, our study provided an evidence for causal relationship between uric acid and diabetic macrovascular disease in Chinese females with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shiyun Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Danfeng Peng
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhen He
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haibing Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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216
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Xiong A, Yao Q, He J, Fu W, Yu J, Zhang Z. No causal effect of serum urate on bone-related outcomes among a population of postmenopausal women and elderly men of Chinese Han ethnicity--a Mendelian randomization study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1031-1039. [PMID: 26588908 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the effect of serum uric acid on bone-related outcomes using a weighted urate transporter genetic risk score as the instrumental variable. The results showed no significance. Our study identified no evidence of a causal role between uric acid and bone-related outcomes. INTRODUCTION Observational studies have associated elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA) with increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and a lowered prevalence of osteoporotic fractures (OFs) in postmenopausal women and elderly men. However, due to unmeasured confounding variables, these observational studies have not provided insight into the causal relationship between SUA and bone-related outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of SUA on bone-related outcomes using Mendelian randomization. METHODS We recruited 1322 Chinese Han individuals (214 elderly men and 1108 postmenopausal women) from the Shanghai area in China. Mendelian randomization using a two-stage least-squares regression method was conducted with SUA as the exposure variable, a weighted urate transporter genetic risk score as the instrumental variable, and all-site BMD, bone turnover markers, and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D], serum calcium (Ca), serum phosphorus (P), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) as outcome variables. RESULTS Strong associations between SUA and bone-related outcomes were observed in an ordinary observational analysis (lumbar spine: beta = 0.122, p < 0.0001; hip: beta = 0.104, p < 0.0001; femoral neck: beta = 0.108, p < 0.0001). However, the Mendelian randomization analysis showed no evidence for a causal association of SUA with BMD (lumbar spine: beta = 0.385, p = 0.257; hip: beta = 0.191, p = 0.499; femoral neck: beta = 0.194, p = 0.533). Similar results were found between SUA and other bone-related phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified no evidence of a causal role between SUA and bone-related outcomes, although strong associations in an observational analysis were observed in a population of postmenopausal women and elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Xiong
- Geriatric Department of Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liu-Ting St, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Q Yao
- Geriatric Department of Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liu-Ting St, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - J He
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi-Shan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - W Fu
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi-Shan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - J Yu
- Geriatric Department of Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liu-Ting St, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Z Zhang
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi-Shan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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217
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Giri AK, Banerjee P, Chakraborty S, Kauser Y, Undru A, Roy S, Parekatt V, Ghosh S, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D. Genome wide association study of uric acid in Indian population and interaction of identified variants with Type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21440. [PMID: 26902266 PMCID: PMC4763273 DOI: 10.1038/srep21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal level of Serum Uric Acid (SUA) is an important marker and risk factor for complex diseases including Type 2 Diabetes. Since genetic determinant of uric acid in Indians is totally unexplored, we tried to identify common variants associated with SUA in Indians using Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Association of five known variants in SLC2A9 and SLC22A11 genes with SUA level in 4,834 normoglycemics (1,109 in discovery and 3,725 in validation phase) was revealed with different effect size in Indians compared to other major ethnic population of the world. Combined analysis of 1,077 T2DM subjects (772 in discovery and 305 in validation phase) and normoglycemics revealed additional GWAS signal in ABCG2 gene. Differences in effect sizes of ABCG2 and SLC2A9 gene variants were observed between normoglycemics and T2DM patients. We identified two novel variants near long non-coding RNA genes AL356739.1 and AC064865.1 with nearly genome wide significance level. Meta-analysis and in silico replication in 11,745 individuals from AUSTWIN consortium improved association for rs12206002 in AL356739.1 gene to sub-genome wide association level. Our results extends association of SLC2A9, SLC22A11 and ABCG2 genes with SUA level in Indians and enrich the assemblages of evidence for SUA level and T2DM interrelationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Giri
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi - 110020, India
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Shraddha Chakraborty
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi - 110020, India
| | - Yasmeen Kauser
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi - 110020, India
| | - Aditya Undru
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi - 110020, India
| | - Suki Roy
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Vaisak Parekatt
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata - 700108, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi - 110020, India
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218
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The effects of URAT1/SLC22A12 nonfunctional variants, R90H and W258X, on serum uric acid levels and gout/hyperuricemia progression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20148. [PMID: 26821810 PMCID: PMC4731750 DOI: 10.1038/srep20148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urate transporter 1 (URAT1/SLC22A12), a urate transporter gene, is a causative gene for renal hypouricemia type 1. Among several reported nonsynonymous URAT1 variants, R90H (rs121907896) and W258X (rs121907892) are frequent causative mutations for renal hypouricemia. However, no case-control study has evaluated the relationship between gout and these two variants. Additionally, the effect size of these two variants on serum uric acid (SUA) levels remains to be clarified. Here, 1,993 primary gout patients and 4,902 health examination participants (3,305 males and 1,597 females) were genotyped with R90H and W258X. These URAT1 variants were not observed in any gout cases, while 174 subjects had the URAT1 variant in 2,499 health examination participants, respectively (P = 8.3 × 10−46). Moreover, in 4,902 health examination participants, the URAT1 nonfunctional variants significantly reduce the risk of hyperuricemia (P = 6.7 × 10−19; risk ratio = 0.036 in males). Males, having 1 or 2 nonfunctional variants of URAT1, show a marked decrease of 2.19 or 5.42 mg/dl SUA, respectively. Similarly, females, having 1 or 2 nonfunctional variants, also evidence a decrease of 1.08 or 3.89 mg/dl SUA, respectively. We show that URAT1 nonfunctional variants are protective genetic factors for gout/hyperuricemia, and also demonstrated the sex-dependent effect size of these URAT1 variants on SUA (P for interaction = 1.5 × 10−12).
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219
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Cheng ST, Wu S, Su CW, Teng MS, Hsu LA, Ko YL. Association of ABCG2 rs2231142-A allele and serum uric acid levels in male and obese individuals in a Han Taiwanese population. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 116:18-23. [PMID: 26792383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Recent studies suggest that hyperuricemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hyperuricemia is highly heritable and is associated with sex and body weight. Previous genome-wide association studies have found that the ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2231142 is an important genetic factor for increased uric acid (UA) levels, and the degree of association between rs2231142 and hyperuricemia is affected by both sex and ethnicity. This investigation aimed to analyze the association between ABCG2 polymorphisms and UA levels, as well as their interactions with sex and obesity in Taiwanese. METHODS Two genetic polymorphisms around the ABCG2 gene were genotyped in 459 patients. RESULTS After adjusting for clinical covariates, the rs2231142 SNP was found significantly associated with UA levels using a dominant inheritance model. Patients carrying the rs2231142-A allele had a higher frequency of hyperuricemia than those with the rs2231142-CC allele. Subgroup analysis revealed an association of rs2231142 with UA levels in male or obese patients, and there was no association in nonobese female patients. CONCLUSION The rs2231142 SNP is associated with serum UA levels and hyperuricemia in Taiwanese patients and it occurs predominantly in male or obese patients. Hyperuricemia might be controlled differently by sex and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Tsung Cheng
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Su
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan.
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220
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Takada Y, Matsuo H, Nakayama A, Sakiyama M, Hishida A, Okada R, Sakurai Y, Shimizu T, Ichida K, Shinomiya N. Common variant of PDZK1, adaptor protein gene of urate transporters, is not associated with gout. J Rheumatol 2016; 41:2330-1. [PMID: 25362723 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.140573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Takada
- The Central Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa;
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa
| | - Masayuki Sakiyama
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Yutaka Sakurai
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa
| | | | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Nariyoshi Shinomiya
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Chen JH, Hsieh CH, Liu JS, Chuang TJ, Chang HW, Huang CL, Li PF, Pei D, Chen YL. The Power of Serum Uric Acid in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Diminishes With Age in an Elderly Chinese Population. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:912-917. [PMID: 27791221 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although serum uric acid (sUA) is not a criterion for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS), many studies have identified a positive association between sUA and MetS in patients of various ages and ethnicities. This association has not been fully established in the very elderly. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 18,906 Chinese elderly aged 65 and older undergoing routine health checkups in Taiwan were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS Modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to define MetS. All participants were further divided into nine groups with gender specification according to age (the young-old, 65 to 74; old-old, 75 to 84; and oldest-old, 85 and over) and sUA concentration tertile (males: sUAG1, <5.7 mg/dL; sUAG2, 5.7-6.7 mg/dL; and sUAG3, > 6.7 mg/dL; females: sUAG1, <4.9 mg/dL; sUAG2, 4.9-5.9 mg/dL; and sUAG3, > 5.9 mg/dL). A cross-sectional study was first performed to determine the correlation between sUA and MetS and its components. A longitudinal study then excluded subjects with MetS at baseline to explore the risk of MetS according to sUA levels in 3 age groups. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, we observed a graded, positive association between sUA and MetS components that diminished after age 75. Subjects with higher sUA levels had higher odds ratios (OR) for the occurrence of MetS in the young-old and old-old groups of both sexes (P<0.001) except sUAG2 males in the old-old group. However, the association diminished with age and only a higher OR was observed in sUAG2 males in the oldest-old group (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.11-10.30; P = 0.032). In the longitudinal study, the Kaplan-Meier plot showed that higher sUA levels were associated with a higher risk of MetS in the young-old group of both genders (P < 0.001 sUAG3 vs. sUAG1 and sUAG2). Cox regression analysis further confirmed these results (young-old group: sUAG3 HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.42-2.54; P < 0.001; old-old group males: HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.04-4.65; P = 0.039; young-old females: HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.38 - 2.43; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher sUA levels in the young-old group of Chinese elderly were associated with a higher risk of developing MetS. sUA levels are thus regarded as a potential tool for early diagnosis of MetS. However, this association diminished in those over 75 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Chen
- Yen-Lin Chen, MD, Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Tawian, Cardinal Tien Hospital, No. 362, Chung-Cheng Road, Xindian, New Taipei City 23137, Taiwan, , Tel.: +886 2 22193391, Fax: +886 2 22191170
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Wright DFB, Duffull SB, Merriman TR, Dalbeth N, Barclay ML, Stamp LK. Predicting allopurinol response in patients with gout. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 81:277-89. [PMID: 26451524 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of this research was to predict the allopurinol maintenance doses required to achieve the target plasma urate of ≤0.36 mmol l(-1) . METHODS A population analysis was conducted in nonmem using oxypurinol and urate plasma concentrations from 133 gout patients. Maintenance dose predictions to achieve the recommended plasma urate target were generated. RESULTS The urate response was best described by a direct effects model. Renal function, diuretic use and body size were found to be significant covariates. Dose requirements increased approximately 2-fold over a 3-fold range of total body weight and were 1.25-2 fold higher in those taking diuretics. Renal function had only a modest impact on dose requirements. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to current guidelines, the model predicted that allopurinol dose requirements were determined primarily by differences in body size and diuretic use. A revised guide to the likely allopurinol doses to achieve the target plasma urate concentration is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Murray L Barclay
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch
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223
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Testa A, Prudente S, Leonardis D, Spoto B, Sanguedolce MC, Parlongo RM, Tripepi G, Rizza S, Mallamaci F, Federici M, Trischitta V, Zoccali C. A genetic marker of hyperuricemia predicts cardiovascular events in a meta-analysis of three cohort studies in high risk patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:1087-1094. [PMID: 26607700 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The strongest genetic marker of uric acid levels, the rs734553 SNP in the GLUT9 urate transporter gene, predicts progression to kidney failure in CKD patients and associates with systolic BP and carotid intima media thickness in family-based studies. METHODS Since genes are transmitted randomly (Mendelian randomization) we used this gene polymorphism as an unconfounded research instrument to further explore the link between uric acid and cardiovascular disease (cardiovascular death, and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke) in a meta-analysis of three cohort studies formed by high risk patients (MAURO: 755 CKD patients; GHS: 353 type 2 diabetics and coronary artery disease and the TVAS: 119 patients with myocardial infarction). RESULTS In separate analyses of the three cohorts, the incidence rate of CV events was higher in patients with the rs734553 risk (T) allele (TT/GT) than in those without (GG patients) and the HR in TT/GT patients in the three cohorts (range 1.72-2.14) coherently signaled an excessive cardiovascular risk with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.01). The meta-analytical estimate (total number of patients, n = 1227; total CV events, n = 222) of the HR for the combined end-point in TT/GT patients was twice higher (pooled HR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.11-3.75, P = 0.02) than in GG homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS The T allele of the rs734553 polymorphism in the GLUT9 gene predicts a doubling in the risk for incident cardiovascular events in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Findings in this study are compatible with the hypothesis of a causal role of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular disease in high risk conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Testa
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - S Prudente
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - D Leonardis
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - B Spoto
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - M C Sanguedolce
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - R M Parlongo
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - G Tripepi
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - S Rizza
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - F Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - M Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - V Trischitta
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - C Zoccali
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Shriner D, Kumkhaek C, Doumatey AP, Chen G, Bentley AR, Charles BA, Zhou J, Adeyemo A, Rodgers GP, Rotimi CN. Evolutionary context for the association of γ-globin, serum uric acid, and hypertension in African Americans. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:103. [PMID: 26686224 PMCID: PMC4684912 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia and associated cardio-metabolic disorders are more prevalent in African Americans than in European Americans. We used genome-wide admixture mapping and association testing to identify loci with ancestry effects on serum uric acid levels. Methods We analyzed 1,976 African Americans from Washington, D.C, including 1,322 individuals from 328 pedigrees and 654 unrelated individuals, enrolled in the Howard University Family Study. We performed admixture mapping and genome-wide association testing using ~800 k autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We performed fine mapping by dense genotyping. We assessed functionality by a combination of bioinformatic annotation, reporter gene assays, and gel shift experiments. We also analyzed 12,641 individuals enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results We detected a genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 11p15.4 at which serum uric acid levels increased with increasing African ancestry, independent of kidney function. Fine-mapping identified two independent signals in the β-globin locus. The ancestral allele at SNP rs2855126, located upstream of the hemoglobin, gamma A gene HBG1, was associated with increased serum uric acid levels and higher expression of a reporter gene relative to the derived allele. Hyperuricemia was associated with increased risk of hypertension in 3,767 African Americans (Odds Ratio = 2.48, p = 2.71 × 10− 19). Conclusions Given that increased expression of γ-globin leads to increased levels of fetal hemoglobin which confers protection against malaria, we hypothesize that evolution in Africa of protection against malaria may have occurred at the cost of increased serum uric acid levels, contributing to the high rates of hyperuricemia and associated cardio-metabolic disorders observed in African Americans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0249-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Rm 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Chutima Kumkhaek
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Rm 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Rm 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Rm 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Bashira A Charles
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Rm 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Rm 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Rm 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Rm 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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225
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Koyama T, Matsui D, Kuriyama N, Ozaki E, Tanaka K, Oze I, Hamajima N, Wakai K, Okada R, Arisawa K, Mikami H, Shimatani K, Hirata A, Takashima N, Suzuki S, Nagata C, Kubo M, Tanaka H. Genetic variants of SLC17A1 are associated with cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia in Japanese men. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15888. [PMID: 26524967 PMCID: PMC4630628 DOI: 10.1038/srep15888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia is an undisputed and highly predictive biomarker for cardiovascular risk. SLC17A1, expressed in the liver and kidneys, harbours potent candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms that decrease uric acid levels. Therefore, we examined SLC17A1 polymorphisms (rs1165196, rs1179086, and rs3757131), which might suppress cardiovascular risk factors and that are involved in liver functioning, via a large-scale pooled analysis of the Japanese general population in a cross-sectional study. Using data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study, we identified 1842 participants of both sexes, 35–69-years-old, having the requisite data, and analysed their SLC17A1 genotypes. In men, logistic regression analyses revealed that minor alleles in SLC17A1 polymorphisms (rs1165196 and rs3757131) were associated with a low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio >2.0 (rs1165196: odds ratio [OR], 0.703; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.536–0.922; rs3757131: OR, 0.658; 95% CI, 0.500–0.866), and with homocysteine levels of >10.0 nmol/mL (rs1165196: OR, 0.544; 95% CI, 0.374–0.792; rs3757131: OR, 0.509; 95% CI, 0.347–0.746). Therefore, these polymorphisms had dominant negative effects on cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia, in men, independent of alcohol consumption, physical activity, or daily energy and nutrition intake. Thus, genetic variants of SLC17A1 are potential biomarkers for altered cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Division of Cancer Registry, Prevention and Epidemiology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiichi Shimatani
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akie Hirata
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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Jiri M, Zhang L, Lan B, He N, Feng T, Liu K, Jin T, Kang L. Genetic variation in the ABCG2 gene is associated with gout risk in the Chinese Han population. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 35:159-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-3105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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227
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Oh SI, Baek S, Park JS, Piao L, Oh KW, Kim SH. Prognostic Role of Serum Levels of Uric Acid in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Clin Neurol 2015; 11:376-82. [PMID: 26424237 PMCID: PMC4596112 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2015.11.4.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose It has been suggested that oxidative stress is one of the pathomechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and thus antioxidants such as uric acid (UA) that could reduce oxidative stress might be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of this disease. The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate serum UA levels in Korean ALS patients and to relate them to disease progression. Methods ALS patients and healthy controls who were individually well-matched for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) underwent blood testing for serum UA levels, and analyzed whether UA levels were correlated with the disease status of the patients, as defined by the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R). Results The study included 136 ALS patients and 136 matched controls. The UA level was lower in the ALS patients (4.50±1.17 mg/dL, mean±SD) than in the controls (5.51±1.22 mg/dL; p<0.001). Among the ALS patients, the level of UA acid was inversely correlated with the rate of disease progression (decrease in ALSFRS-R score). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that a better survival rate was more strongly correlated with top-tertile levels of serum UA than with bottom-tertile levels (log-rank test: p=0.035). Conclusions ALS patients had lower serum UA levels than did healthy individuals. UA levels in ALS were negatively correlated with the rate of disease progression and positively associated with survival, suggesting that UA levels contribute to the progression of ALS. UA levels could be considered a biomarker of disease progression in the early phase in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Il Oh
- Department of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soojeong Baek
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Liying Piao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Ki Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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Stiburkova B, Miyata H, Závada J, Tomčík M, Pavelka K, Storkanova G, Toyoda Y, Takada T, Suzuki H. Novel dysfunctional variant inABCG2as a cause of severe tophaceous gout: biochemical, molecular genetics and functional analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 55:191-4. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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229
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Associations between interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of gout. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13887. [PMID: 26399911 PMCID: PMC4585862 DOI: 10.1038/srep13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a self-limiting, auto-inflammatory arthritis induced by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid and periarticular tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between genetic variants in the interleukin (IL) and interleukin receptor (ILR) genes IL-33, IL-1RL1, IL-23R, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and susceptibility to gout in Chinese Han male individuals. The genetic distributions of rs3939286 in IL-33, rs13015714 in IL-1RL1, rs10889677 in IL-23R, and rs7574865 in STAT4 were detected in 1100 men with gout and 1227 ethnically matched controls, using Taqman allelic discrimination real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differences in these polymorphisms between the groups were investigated using χ(2) tests. The genotype-phenotype relationship among gout patients was tested by analysis of variance. There was a significant difference in genotypic frequencies of IL-23R rs10889677 between gout patients and controls (χ(2) = 81.386, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in distributions of the other polymorphisms between the groups. Our results revealed that the rs10889677 variant in IL-23R may be involved in the development of gout in Chinese Han male individuals. However, further studies in other ethnic groups are needed to confirm these results.
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230
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Burkhardt R, Kirsten H, Beutner F, Holdt LM, Gross A, Teren A, Tönjes A, Becker S, Krohn K, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Teupser D, Thiery J, Ceglarek U, Scholz M. Integration of Genome-Wide SNP Data and Gene-Expression Profiles Reveals Six Novel Loci and Regulatory Mechanisms for Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines in Whole Blood. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005510. [PMID: 26401656 PMCID: PMC4581711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Profiling amino acids and acylcarnitines in whole blood spots is a powerful tool in the laboratory diagnosis of several inborn errors of metabolism. Emerging data suggests that altered blood levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines are also associated with common metabolic diseases in adults. Thus, the identification of common genetic determinants for blood metabolites might shed light on pathways contributing to human physiology and common diseases. We applied a targeted mass-spectrometry-based method to analyze whole blood concentrations of 96 amino acids, acylcarnitines and pathway associated metabolite ratios in a Central European cohort of 2,107 adults and performed genome-wide association (GWA) to identify genetic modifiers of metabolite concentrations. We discovered and replicated six novel loci associated with blood levels of total acylcarnitine, arginine (both on chromosome 6; rs12210538, rs17657775), propionylcarnitine (chromosome 10; rs12779637), 2-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (chromosome 21; rs1571700), stearoylcarnitine (chromosome 1; rs3811444), and aspartic acid traits (chromosome 8; rs750472). Based on an integrative analysis of expression quantitative trait loci in blood mononuclear cells and correlations between gene expressions and metabolite levels, we provide evidence for putative causative genes: SLC22A16 for total acylcarnitines, ARG1 for arginine, HLCS for 2-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine, JAM3 for stearoylcarnitine via a trans-effect at chromosome 1, and PPP1R16A for aspartic acid traits. Further, we report replication and provide additional functional evidence for ten loci that have previously been published for metabolites measured in plasma, serum or urine. In conclusion, our integrative analysis of SNP, gene-expression and metabolite data points to novel genetic factors that may be involved in the regulation of human metabolism. At several loci, we provide evidence for metabolite regulation via gene-expression and observed overlaps with GWAS loci for common diseases. These results form a strong rationale for subsequent functional and disease-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Burkhardt
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Beutner
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lesca M. Holdt
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arnd Gross
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Teren
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department, Clinic for Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susen Becker
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department, Clinic for Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Otomo K, Horino T, Miki T, Kataoka H, Hatakeyama Y, Matsumoto T, Hamada-Ode K, Shimamura Y, Ogata K, Inoue K, Taniguchi Y, Terada Y, Okuhara Y. Serum uric acid level as a risk factor for acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients: a retrospective database analysis using the integrated medical information system at Kochi Medical School hospital. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 20:235-43. [PMID: 26362441 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent studies have shown that both low and high levels of serum uric acid (SUA) before cardiovascular surgery are independent risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). However, these studies were limited by their small sample sizes. Here, we investigated the association between SUA levels and AKI by performing a retrospective database analysis of almost 30 years of data from 81,770 hospitalized patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENT Hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years were retrospectively enrolled. AKI was diagnosed according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline (KDIGO) criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the independent association between SUA levels and the incidence of AKI. SUA levels were treated as categorical variables because the relationship between SUA and the incidence of AKI has been suggested to be J-shaped or U-shaped. In addition to stratified SUA levels, we considered kidney function and related comorbidities, medications, and procedures performed prior to AKI onset as possible confounding risk factors. RESULTS The final study cohort included 59,219 adult patients. Adjusted odds ratios of AKI incidence were higher in both the high- and low-SUA strata. Odds ratios tended to become larger in the higher range of SUA levels in women than in men. Additionally, this study showed that AKI risk was elevated in patients with SUA levels ≤7 mg/dL. An SUA level >7 mg/dL is considered the point of initiation of uric acid crystallization. CONCLUSIONS SUA level could be an independent risk factor for AKI development in hospitalized patients. Additionally, our results might suggest that intervention to lower SUA levels is necessary, even in cases of moderate elevation that does not warrant hyperuricemia treatment. Results also showed that SUA levels that require attention are lower for women than for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Otomo
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Taro Horino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Takeo Miki
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Center of Medical Information Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatakeyama
- Center of Medical Information Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Matsumoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kazu Hamada-Ode
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shimamura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Ogata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Taniguchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshio Terada
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Okuhara
- Center of Medical Information Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Japan
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Eraly SA, Liu HC, Jamshidi N, Nigam SK. Transcriptome-based reconstructions from the murine knockout suggest involvement of the urate transporter, URAT1 (slc22a12), in novel metabolic pathways. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 3:51-61. [PMID: 26251846 PMCID: PMC4522937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
URAT1 (slc22a12) was identified as the transporter responsible for renal reabsorption of the medically important compound, uric acid. However, subsequent studies have indicated that other transporters make contributions to this process, and that URAT1 transports other organic anions besides urate (including several in common with the closely related multi-specific renal organic anion transporters, OAT1 (slc22a6) and OAT3 (slc22a8)). These findings raise the possibility that urate transport is not the sole physiological function of URAT1. We previously characterized mice null for the murine ortholog of URAT1 (mURAT1; previously cloned as RST), finding a relatively modest decrement in urate reabsorptive capacity. Nevertheless, there were shifts in the plasma and urinary concentrations of multiple small molecules, suggesting significant metabolic changes in the knockouts. Although these molecules remain unidentified, here we have computationally delineated the biochemical networks consistent with transcriptomic data from the null mice. These analyses suggest alterations in the handling of not only urate but also other putative URAT1 substrates comprising intermediates in nucleotide, carbohydrate, and steroid metabolism. Moreover, the analyses indicate changes in multiple other pathways, including those relating to the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans, methionine, and coenzyme A, possibly reflecting downstream effects of URAT1 loss. Taken together with the available substrate and metabolomic data for the other OATs, our findings suggest that the transport and biochemical functions of URAT1 overlap those of OAT1 and OAT3, and could contribute to our understanding of the relationship between uric acid and the various metabolic disorders to which it has been linked. URAT1 handles multiple substrates suggesting functions beyond urate transport We determined metabolic constraints of gene expression changes in URAT1 null mice These suggest URAT1 involvement in multiple bioenergtic and biosynthetic pathways
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish A Eraly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Henry C Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Neema Jamshidi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 ; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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233
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Zhou ZW, Cui LL, Han L, Wang C, Song ZJ, Shen JW, Li ZQ, Chen JH, Wen ZJ, Wang XM, Shi YY, Li CG. Polymorphisms in GCKR, SLC17A1 and SLC22A12 were associated with phenotype gout in Han Chinese males: a case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:66. [PMID: 26290326 PMCID: PMC4593200 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Gout is a common arthritic disease resulting from elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level. A large meta-analysis including 28,141 individuals identified nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with altered SUA level in a Caucasian population. However, raised SUA level alone is not sufficient for the development of gout arthritis and most of these SNPs have not been studied in a Han Chinese population. Here, we performed a case–control association analysis to investigate the relationship between these SUA correlated SNPs and gout arthritis in Han Chinese. Methods A total of 622 ascertained gout p9atients and 917 healthy controls were genotyped. Genome-wide significant SNPs, rs12129861, rs780094, rs734553, rs742132, rs1183201, rs12356193, rs17300741 and rs505802 in the previous SUA study, were selected for our analysis. Results No deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed either in the case or control cohorts (corrected p > 0.05). Three SNPs, rs780094 (located in GCKR, corrected p = 1.78E−4, OR = 0.723), rs1183201 (located in SLC17A1, corrected p = 1.39E−7, OR = 0.572) and rs505802 (located in SLC22A12, corrected p = 0.007, OR = 0.747), were significantly associated with gout on allelic level independent of potential cofounding traits. While the remaining SNPs were not replicated. We also found significant associations of uric acid concentrations with these three SNPs (rs780094 in GCKR, corrected p = 3.94E−5; rs1183201 in SLC17A1, corrected p = 0.005; rs505802 in SLC22A12, corrected p = 0.003) and of triglycerides with rs780094 (located in GCKR, corrected p = 2.96E−4). Unfortunately, SNP-SNP interactions for these three significant SNPs were not detected (rs780094 vs rs1183201, p = 0.402; rs780094 vs rs505802, p = 0.434; rs1183201 vs rs505802, p = 0.143). Conclusions Three SUA correlated SNPs in Caucasian population, rs780094 in GCKR, rs1183201 in SLC17A1 and rs505802 in SLC22A12 were confirmed to be associated with gout arthritis and uric acid concentrations in Han Chinese males. Considering genetic differences among populations and complicated pathogenesis of gout arthritis, more validating tests in independent populations and relevant functional experiments are suggested in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wei Zhou
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Ling-Ling Cui
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Lin Han
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Can Wang
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhi-Jian Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zu-Jia Wen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yong-Yong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Chang-Gui Li
- Shandong Gout Clinical Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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234
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Li M, Li Q, Li CG, Guo M, Xu JM, Tang YY, Zhao QS, Hu YH, Cheng ZF, Zhang JC. Genetic polymorphisms in the PDZK1 gene and susceptibility to gout in male Han Chinese: a case-control study. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:13911-13918. [PMID: 26550347 PMCID: PMC4613032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PDZK1 acts as a scaffolding protein for a large variety of transporter and regulatory proteins, and has been identified in the kidney. The PDZK1 locus has been determined to be associated with the serum urate concentration. However, the evidence supporting this protein's association with gout is equivocal. In the current study, we investigated the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12129861 and rs1967017) in the PDZK1 gene with gout in a male Chinese Han population. A total of 824 subjects were enrolled in this case-control study (400 gout cases and 424 controls). PDZK1 genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligase detection reaction (LDR) assays methods. The relationships were evaluated using the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CI). The results of our case-control study demonstrated that the gout and control groups exhibited significant differences in the distribution of genotypes at rs12129861 (OR = 0.727, P = 0.015) and rs1967017 (OR = 0.705, P = 0.016), suggesting that PDZK1 genetic polymorphisms were associated with increased risks of gout in male Han Chinese. However, there were no differences in the distribution of genotypes at rs12129861 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.744, P > 0.05) and rs1967017 (OR = 0.706, P > 0.05) in patients with gout with kidney stones and without kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chang-Gui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University148 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin-Mei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University148 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University148 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qing-Song Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University148 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Hua Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University148 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University148 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin-Chao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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235
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Genetic Variants Associated with Lipid Profiles in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135145. [PMID: 26252223 PMCID: PMC4529182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to identify lipid-related genetic variants in T2D patients of Han Chinese ancestry. Among 4,908 Chinese T2D patients who were not taking lipid-lowering medications, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven genes previously found to be associated with lipid traits in genome-wide association studies conducted in populations of European ancestry (ABCA1, GCKR, BAZ1B, TOMM40, DOCK7, HNF1A, and HNF4A) were genotyped. After adjusting for multiple covariates, SNPs in ABCA1, GCKR, BAZ1B, TOMM40, and HNF1A were identified as significantly associated with triglyceride levels in T2D patients (P < 0.05). The associations between the SNPs in ABCA1 (rs3890182), GCKR (rs780094), and BAZ1B (rs2240466) remained significant even after correction for multiple testing (P = 8.85×10−3, 7.88×10−7, and 2.03×10−6, respectively). BAZ1B (rs2240466) also was associated with the total cholesterol level (P = 4.75×10−2). In addition, SNP rs157580 in TOMM40 was associated with the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P = 6.94×10−3). Our findings confirm that lipid-related genetic loci are associated with lipid profiles in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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236
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Chandratre P, Mallen CD, Roddy E, Liddle J, Richardson J. "You want to get on with the rest of your life": a qualitative study of health-related quality of life in gout. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 35:1197-205. [PMID: 26245722 PMCID: PMC4844632 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-3039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to examine the impact of gout and its treatments on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using focus group interviews. From the baseline phase of a cohort study of HRQOL in gout, 17 participants (15 males, mean age 71 years) with varying attack frequency and treatment with and without allopurinol participated in one of four focus group interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analysed thematically. Physical and psychosocial HRQOL in gout was affected by characteristics of acute gout (particularly the unpredictable nature of attacks, location of joint involved in an attack, pain and modifications in lifestyle), lack of understanding of gout by others (association with unhealthy lifestyle, symptoms ridiculed as non-severe and non-serious) as well as participants (not considered a disease) and the lack of information provided by physicians (about causes and pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological treatments of gout). Participants emphasised the impact of acute attacks of gout and prioritised dietary modifications and treatment of acute attacks over long-term urate-lowering therapy. Characteristics of acute gout, lack of understanding and information about gout and its treatments perpetuate poor HRQOL. HRQOL (maintenance of usual diet and reduced frequency of attacks) was associated with urate-lowering treatment. Better patient, public and practitioner education about gout being a chronic condition associated with co-morbidities and poor HRQOL may improve understanding and long-term treatment of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chandratre
- Research Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Christian D Mallen
- Research Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Edward Roddy
- Research Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jennifer Liddle
- Research Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jane Richardson
- Research Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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237
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Sluijs I, Holmes MV, van der Schouw YT, Beulens JWJ, Asselbergs FW, Huerta JM, Palmer TM, Arriola L, Balkau B, Barricarte A, Boeing H, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G, Franks PW, Gavrila D, Kaaks R, Khaw KT, Kühn T, Molina-Montes E, Mortensen LM, Nilsson PM, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Quirós JR, Rolandsson O, Sacerdote C, Sala N, Schmidt JA, Scott RA, Sieri S, Slimani N, Spijkerman AMW, Tjonneland A, Travis RC, Tumino R, van der A DL, Sharp SJ, Forouhi NG, Langenberg C, Riboli E, Wareham NJ. A Mendelian Randomization Study of Circulating Uric Acid and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:3028-36. [PMID: 25918230 PMCID: PMC6284788 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the causal effect of circulating uric acid concentrations on type 2 diabetes risk. A Mendelian randomization study was performed using a genetic score with 24 uric acid-associated loci. We used data of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study, comprising 24,265 individuals of European ancestry from eight European countries. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 10 (4) years, 10,576 verified incident case subjects with type 2 diabetes were ascertained. Higher uric acid was associated with a higher diabetes risk after adjustment for confounders, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.20 (95% CI 1.11, 1.30) per 59.48 µmol/L (1 mg/dL) uric acid. The genetic score raised uric acid by 17 µmol/L (95% CI 15, 18) per SD increase and explained 4% of uric acid variation. By using the genetic score to estimate the unconfounded effect, we found that a 59.48 µmol/L higher uric acid concentration did not have a causal effect on diabetes (HR 1.01 [95% CI 0.87, 1.16]). Including data from the Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium, increasing our dataset to 41,508 case subjects with diabetes, the summary odds ratio estimate was 0.99 (95% CI 0.92, 1.06). In conclusion, our study does not support a causal effect of circulating uric acid on diabetes risk. Uric acid-lowering therapies may therefore not be beneficial in reducing diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Division of Transplantation and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Department of Cardiology, Heart Long Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - José María Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Tom M Palmer
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Larraitz Arriola
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain Instituto BIO-Donostia, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Villejuif, France Université Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Navarre Public Health Institute (ISPN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- Inserm, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Villejuif, France Université Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Inserm, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Villejuif, France Université Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Diana Gavrila
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
| | - Lotte Maxild Mortensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Citta' della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Núria Sala
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, and Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Daphne L van der A
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, U.K
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Uric Acid Produces an Inflammatory Response through Activation of NF-κB in the Hypothalamus: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disorders. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12144. [PMID: 26179594 PMCID: PMC4503982 DOI: 10.1038/srep12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that an elevated uric acid (UA) level predicts the development of metabolic syndrome and diabetes; however, there is no direct evidence of this, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we showed that a high-UA diet triggered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activated the NF-κB pathway, and increased gliosis in the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular injection of UA induced hypothalamic inflammation and reactive gliosis, whereas these effects were markedly ameliorated by the inhibition of NF-κB. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging confirmed that hyperuricemia in rodents and humans was associated with gliosis in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Importantly, the rats administered UA exhibited dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance, which were probably mediated by hypothalamic inflammation and hypothalamic neuroendocrine alterations. These results suggest that UA can cause hypothalamic inflammation via NF-κB signaling. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic strategy for UA-induced metabolic disorders.
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Kastenmüller G, Raffler J, Gieger C, Suhre K. Genetics of human metabolism: an update. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:R93-R101. [PMID: 26160913 PMCID: PMC4572003 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies with metabolomics (mGWAS) identify genetically influenced metabotypes (GIMs), their ensemble defining the heritable part of every human's metabolic individuality. Knowledge of genetic variation in metabolism has many applications of biomedical and pharmaceutical interests, including the functional understanding of genetic associations with clinical end points, design of strategies to correct dysregulations in metabolic disorders and the identification of genetic effect modifiers of metabolic disease biomarkers. Furthermore, it has been shown that GIMs provide testable hypotheses for functional genomics and metabolomics and for the identification of novel gene functions and metabolite identities. mGWAS with growing sample sizes and increasingly complex metabolic trait panels are being conducted, allowing for more comprehensive and systems-based downstream analyses. The generated large datasets of genetic associations can now be mined by the biomedical research community and provide valuable resources for hypothesis-driven studies. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the key aspects of mGWAS, followed by an update of recently published mGWAS. We then discuss new approaches of integrating and exploring mGWAS results and finish by presenting selected applications of GIMs in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany and
| | - Johannes Raffler
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany and Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Tsepilov YA, Shin SY, Soranzo N, Spector TD, Prehn C, Adamski J, Kastenmüller G, Wang-Sattler R, Strauch K, Gieger C, Aulchenko YS, Ried JS. Nonadditive Effects of Genes in Human Metabolomics. Genetics 2015; 200:707-18. [PMID: 25977471 PMCID: PMC4512538 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.175760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely applied to analyze the genetic effects on phenotypes. With the availability of high-throughput technologies for metabolite measurements, GWAS successfully identified loci that affect metabolite concentrations and underlying pathways. In most GWAS, the effect of each SNP on the phenotype is assumed to be additive. Other genetic models such as recessive, dominant, or overdominant were considered only by very few studies. In contrast to this, there are theories that emphasize the relevance of nonadditive effects as a consequence of physiologic mechanisms. This might be especially important for metabolites because these intermediate phenotypes are closer to the underlying pathways than other traits or diseases. In this study we analyzed systematically nonadditive effects on a large panel of serum metabolites and all possible ratios (22,801 total) in a population-based study [Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4, N = 1,785]. We applied four different 1-degree-of-freedom (1-df) tests corresponding to an additive, dominant, recessive, and overdominant trait model as well as a genotypic model with two degree-of-freedom (2-df) that allows a more general consideration of genetic effects. Twenty-three loci were found to be genome-wide significantly associated (Bonferroni corrected P ≤ 2.19 × 10(-12)) with at least one metabolite or ratio. For five of them, we show the evidence of nonadditive effects. We replicated 17 loci, including 3 loci with nonadditive effects, in an independent study (TwinsUK, N = 846). In conclusion, we found that most genetic effects on metabolite concentrations and ratios were indeed additive, which verifies the practice of using the additive model for analyzing SNP effects on metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov A Tsepilov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, United Kingdom MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, United Kingdom Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Experimental Genetics, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Janina S Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Tomi M, Eguchi H, Ozaki M, Tawara T, Nishimura S, Higuchi K, Maruyama T, Nishimura T, Nakashima E. Role of OAT4 in Uptake of Estriol Precursor 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Into Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblasts From Fetus. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2704-12. [PMID: 25919187 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estriol biosynthesis in human placenta requires the uptake of a fetal liver-derived estriol precursor, 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16α-OH DHEAS), by placental syncytiotrophoblasts at their basal plasma membrane (BM), which faces the fetal circulation. The aim of this work is to identify the transporter(s) mediating 16α-OH DHEAS uptake at the fetal side of syncytiotrophoblasts by using human placental BM-enriched vesicles and to examine the contribution of the putative transporter to estriol synthesis at the cellular level, using choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. Organic anion transporter (OAT)-4 and organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 proteins were enriched in human placental BM vesicles compared with crude membrane fraction. Uptake of [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS by BM vesicles was partially inhibited in the absence of sodium but was significantly increased in the absence of chloride and after preloading glutarate. Uptake of [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS by BM vesicles was significantly inhibited by OAT4 substrates such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estrone-3-sulfate, and bromosulfophthalein but not by cyclosporin A, tetraethylammonium, p-aminohippuric acid, or cimetidine. These characteristics of vesicular [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS uptake are in good agreement with those of human OAT4-transfected COS-7 cells as well as forskolin-differentiated JEG-3 cells. Estriol secretion from differentiated JEG-3 cells was detected when the cells were incubated with 16α-OH DHEAS for 8 hours but was inhibited in the presence of 50 μM bromosulfophthalein. Our results indicate that OAT4 at the BM of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts plays a predominant role in the uptake of 16α-OH DHEAS for placental estriol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Eguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ozaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tawara
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachika Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Maruyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
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Ogura J, Kuwayama K, Sasaki S, Kaneko C, Koizumi T, Yabe K, Tsujimoto T, Takeno R, Takaya A, Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi H, Iseki K. Reactive oxygen species derived from xanthine oxidase interrupt dimerization of breast cancer resistance protein, resulting in suppression of uric acid excretion to the intestinal lumen. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:89-98. [PMID: 26119820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hyperuricemia/gout increases with aging. However, the effect of aging on function for excretion of uric acid to out of the body has not been clarified. We found that ileal uric acid clearance in middle-aged rats (11-12 months) was decreased compared with that in young rats (2 months). In middle-aged rats, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in the ileum was significantly higher than that in young rats. Inosine-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are derived from XO, also decreased ileal uric acid clearance. ROS derived from XO decreased the active homodimer level of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), which is a uric acid efflux transporter, in the ileum. Pre-administration of allopurinol recovered the BCRP homodimer level, resulting in the recovering ileal uric acid clearance. Moreover, we investigated the effects of ROS derived from XO on BCRP homodimer level directly in Caco-2 cells using hypoxanthine. Treatment with hypoxanthine decreased BCRP homodimer level. Treatment with hypoxanthine induced mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that the decreasing BCRP homodimer level might be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, ROS derived from XO decrease BCRP homodimer level, resulting in suppression of function for uric acid excretion to the ileal lumen. ROS derived from XO may cause the suppression of function of the ileum for the excretion of uric acid with aging. The results of our study provide a new insight into the causes of increasing hyperuricemia/gout prevalence with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Ogura
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kaori Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sasaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kaneko
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koizumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yabe
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsujimoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Takeno
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takaya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Dalbeth N, Topless R, Flynn T, Cadzow M, Bolland MJ, Merriman TR. Mendelian randomization analysis to examine for a causal effect of urate on bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:985-91. [PMID: 25502344 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In observational studies, serum urate concentrations are positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and reduced risk of fragility fractures, raising the possibility that urate is a direct mediator of bone density. We used Mendelian randomization analysis to examine whether urate has a causal effect on BMD. We analyzed data from the Generation 3 cohort in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (N = 2501 total; 1265 male, 1236 female). A weighted genetic urate score was calculated using the SLC2A9, ABCG2, SLC17A1, SLC22A11, and SLC22A12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that explains 3.4% of the variance in serum urate. Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using the two-stage least squares method with >80% power at α = 0.05 to detect an effect size equivalent to that observed in the ordinary least squares analysis between serum urate and total femur BMD. A strong association between serum urate and BMD was observed in the crude ordinary least squares analysis (total femur crude beta = 0.47, p = 1.7E-51). In the two-stage least squares analysis using the weighted genetic urate score as the instrumental variable, no significant relationship was observed between serum urate and BMD (total femur crude beta =-0.36, p = 0.06). Similar findings were observed in both the male and female subgroups, and there was no evidence for causality when individual SNPs were analyzed. Serum urate is strongly associated with BMD. However, controlling for confounders by Mendelian randomization analysis does not provide evidence that increased urate has a causal effect on increasing BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Topless
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tanya Flynn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Murray Cadzow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark J Bolland
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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244
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Zykova SN, Storhaug HM, Toft I, Chadban SJ, Jenssen TG, White SL. Cross-sectional analysis of nutrition and serum uric acid in two Caucasian cohorts: the AusDiab Study and the Tromsø study. Nutr J 2015; 14:49. [PMID: 25971955 PMCID: PMC4459487 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia can lead to gout, and may be a risk factor for cardiovascular events, hypertension, diabetes and renal disease. There is well-known link between gout and habitual intake of meat and seafood, however the association between hyperuricemia and micro-and macro-nutrient intake has not been established. Methods We studied associations between intakes of food categories, macro-and micronutrients and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in two cross-sectional surveys of Caucasian adults deriving from different food traditions: Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study 1999/00 (n=9734, age 25–91) and Tromsø Study 4 1994/95 (n = 3031, age 25–69). Dietary intake was calculated from self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaires. In some analyses we stratified according to abdominal obesity status and gender. Results In both cohorts, lower levels of SUA were found in subjects with higher consumption of carbohydrates, calcium and vitamin B2, while higher fat intake was associated with higher SUA, after adjustment for age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, total energy intake, use of diuretics, presence of hypertension, diabetes and gout. Among individual food items, high consumption of dairy products, high-fibre bread, cereals and fruits were associated with lower SUA in most subject groups while consumption of meat, eggs, beer and spirits, but not wine, with elevated levels. Conclusions Healthy food choices with high intake of carbohydrates, dairy products, fiber and micronutrient-rich foods, and limited intake of fat, beer and spirits, might be recommended to prevent high SUA. Dietary factors seem to have qualitatively similar impact on SUA in obese and non-obese men and women from Australia and Norway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0032-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Zykova
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Hilde M Storhaug
- University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Toft
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway. .,University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Steven J Chadban
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Trond G Jenssen
- University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sarah L White
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Genome-wide association analysis identifies three new risk loci for gout arthritis in Han Chinese. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7041. [PMID: 25967671 PMCID: PMC4479022 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is one of the most common types of inflammatory arthritis, caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and around the joints. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many genetic loci associated with raised serum urate concentrations. However, hyperuricemia alone is not sufficient for the development of gout arthritis. Here we conduct a multistage GWAS in Han Chinese using 4,275 male gout patients and 6,272 normal male controls (1,255 cases and 1,848 controls were genome-wide genotyped), with an additional 1,644 hyperuricemic controls. We discover three new risk loci, 17q23.2 (rs11653176, P=1.36 × 10−13, BCAS3), 9p24.2 (rs12236871, P=1.48 × 10−10, RFX3) and 11p15.5 (rs179785, P=1.28 × 10−8, KCNQ1), which contain inflammatory candidate genes. Our results suggest that these loci are most likely related to the progression from hyperuricemia to inflammatory gout, which will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of gout arthritis. Raised serum urate levels are a risk factor for gout, a common form of inflammatory arthritis. Here Li et al. conduct a multistage genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese population and identify three novel loci likely associated with the progression from hyperuricemia to gout.
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246
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Roberts RL, Stamp LK. Pharmacogenetic considerations in the treatment of gout. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:619-29. [PMID: 25876828 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is one of the most common forms of arthritis and the prevalence is increasing. Management comprises rapid and effective control of the inflammation in acute gout and sustained urate lowering in the long term. Improving the outcomes for cheaper old drugs and for the increasing number of new, more expensive agents is an important clinical goal. The role of pharmacogenetics in predicting response and adverse events to gout therapies is of considerable interest. Currently, prospective screening is employed to detect HLA-B*5801 carriage and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, to minimize occurrence of allopurinol hypersensitivity and pegloticase-related hemolytic anemia. In the future it is likely that other genetic markers of drug response will make the transition to clinical practice to further improve the efficacy and safety of gout therapies. In this review, we will examine the potential clinical relevance of specific genetic variants in the management of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Roberts
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand
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A polymorphism in the major gene regulating serum uric acid associates with clinic SBP and the white-coat effect in a family-based study. J Hypertens 2015; 32:1621-8; discussion 1628. [PMID: 24805955 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperuricemia associates with hypertension, but it is uncertain whether this relationship is causal in nature. Glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) gene is a major genetic determinant of plasma uric acid levels in humans. Since polymorphisms are randomly distributed at mating (Mendelian randomization), studies based on GLUT9 polymorphisms may provide unconfounded assessment of the nature of the link between uric acid and hypertension. METHODS We tested the association between uric acid, the rs734553 polymorphism of the GLUT9 gene and arterial pressure in a family-based study including 449 individuals in a genetically homogenous population in Southern Italy. RESULTS Serum uric acid levels were strongly associated (P < 0.001) with all components of clinic and 24-h ambulatory blood pressures (BPs). However, only clinic SBP and the white-coat effect (the difference in clinic systolic and daytime systolic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring) associations remained significant after adjustment for classical risk factor and the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Serum uric acid was strongly associated with the risk allele (T) of the rs734553 polymorphism (P < 0.001). Furthermore, TT individuals showed higher clinic SBP (129 + SEM 1 mmHg) than GT (125 + 1 mmHg) and GG individuals (122 + 3 mmHg), as well as a higher white-coat effect (P = 0.02), confirming that the association between uric acid and these BP components is unconfounded by environmental risk factors. CONCLUSION Results in this family-based study are compatible with the hypothesis that uric acid is a causal risk factor for hypertension. Trials testing uric acid-lowering interventions are needed to definitively establish the causal implication of hyperuricemia in human hypertension. [Corrected]
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies that scan the genome for common genetic variants associated with phenotype have greatly advanced medical knowledge. Hyperuricemia is no exception, with 28 loci identified. However, genetic control of pathways determining gout in the presence of hyperuricemia is still poorly understood. Two important pathways determining hyperuricemia have been confirmed (renal and gut excretion of uric acid with glycolysis now firmly implicated). Major urate loci are SLC2A9 and ABCG2. Recent studies show that SLC2A9 is involved in renal and gut excretion of uric acid and is implicated in antioxidant defense. Although etiological variants at SLC2A9 are yet to be identified, it is clear that considerable genetic complexity exists at the SLC2A9 locus, with multiple statistically independent genetic variants and local epistatic interactions. The positions of implicated genetic variants within or near chromatin regions involved in transcriptional control suggest that this mechanism (rather than structural changes in SLC2A9) is important in regulating the activity of SLC2A9. ABCG2 is involved primarily in extra-renal uric acid under-excretion with the etiological variant influencing expression. At the other 26 loci, probable causal genes can be identified at three (PDZK1, SLC22A11, and INHBB) with strong candidates at a further 10 loci. Confirmation of the causal gene will require a combination of re-sequencing, trans-ancestral mapping, and correlation of genetic association data with expression data. As expected, the urate loci associate with gout, although inconsistent effect sizes for gout require investigation. Finally, there has been no genome-wide association study using clinically ascertained cases to investigate the causes of gout in the presence of hyperuricemia. In such a study, use of asymptomatic hyperurcemic controls would be expected to increase the ability to detect genetic associations with gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Raimondo A, Rees MG, Gloyn AL. Glucokinase regulatory protein: complexity at the crossroads of triglyceride and glucose metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2015; 26:88-95. [PMID: 25692341 PMCID: PMC4422901 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glucokinase regulator (GCKR) encodes glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP), a hepatocyte-specific inhibitor of the glucose-metabolizing enzyme glucokinase (GCK). Genome-wide association studies have identified a common coding variant within GCKR associated with multiple metabolic traits. This review focuses on recent insights into the critical role of GKRP in hepatic glucose metabolism that have stemmed from the study of human genetics. This knowledge has improved our understanding of glucose and lipid physiology and informed the development of targeted molecular therapeutics for diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Rare GCKR variants have effects on GKRP expression, localization, and activity. These variants are collectively associated with hypertriglyceridaemia but are not causal. Crystal structures of GKRP and the GCK-GKRP complex have been solved, providing greater insight into the molecular interactions between these proteins. Finally, small molecules have been identified that directly bind GKRP and reduce blood glucose levels in rodent models of diabetes. SUMMARY GCKR variants across the allelic spectrum have effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis. Functional analysis has highlighted numerous molecular mechanisms for GKRP dysfunction. Hepatocyte-specific GCK activation via small molecule GKRP inhibition may be a new avenue for type 2 diabetes treatment, particularly considering evidence indicating GKRP loss-of-function alone does not cause hypertriglyceridaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Raimondo
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew G. Rees
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, ORH Trust, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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