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In vivo and in vitro auranofin activity against Trypanosoma cruzi: Possible new uses for an old drug. Exp Parasitol 2015; 166:189-93. [PMID: 26183422 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, Sleeping Sickness, Nagana and Leishmaniasis are serious infections caused by protozoa of the order Kinetoplastidae. They were described over a century ago by seminal work of different physician-researchers and, despite the initial discoveries, few drugs have been made available for the treatment of these infections. The drugs available present serious efficacy and toxicity problems. Moreover, the emergence of resistant strains has rendered the development of novel chemotherapeutic strategies a priority. Auranofin is currently in use to treat rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Previous reports showed that this compound presents activity against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania cells. In Trypanosoma cruzi cells, auranofin resulted in a more potent compound than benznidazole in vitro when tested in different DTUs. In vivo experiments, although not decreasing T. cruzi parasitemia, decreases host mortality. Therefore, we propose auranofin as a potential alternative for a new chemotherapy in Chagas disease with the added advantage of already being approved for use in humans.
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Fernández M, Arce ER, Sarniguet C, Morais TS, Tomaz AI, Azar CO, Figueroa R, Diego Maya J, Medeiros A, Comini M, Helena Garcia M, Otero L, Gambino D. Novel ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienyl thiosemicarbazone compounds with antiproliferative activity on pathogenic trypanosomatid parasites. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:306-314. [PMID: 26275470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Searching for new prospective antitrypanosomal agents, three novel Ru(II)-cyclopentadienyl compounds, [Ru(η(5)-C5H5)(PPh3)L], with HL=bioactive 5-nitrofuryl containing thiosemicarbazones were synthesized and characterized in the solid state and in solution. The compounds were evaluated in vitro on the blood circulating trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi (Dm28c strain), the infective form of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (strain 427) and on J774 murine macrophages and human-derived EA.hy926 endothelial cells. The compounds were active against both parasites with IC50 values in the micromolar or submicromolar range. Interestingly, they are much more active on T. cruzi than previously developed Ru(II) classical and organometallic compounds with the same bioactive ligands. The new compounds showed moderate to very good selectivity towards the parasites in respect to mammalian cells. The global results point at [RuCp(PPh3)L2] (L2=N-methyl derivative of 5-nitrofuryl containing thiosemicarbazone and Cp=cyclopentadienyl) as the most promising compound for further developments (IC50T. cruzi=0.41μM; IC50T. brucei brucei=3.5μM). Moreover, this compound shows excellent selectivity towards T. cruzi (SI>49) and good selectivity towards T. brucei brucei (SI>6). In order to get insight into the mechanism of antiparasitic action, the intracellular free radical production capacity of the new compounds was assessed by ESR. DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pirroline-N-oxide) spin adducts related to the bioreduction of the complexes and to redox cycling processes were characterized. In addition, DNA competitive binding studies with ethidium bromide by fluorescence measurements showed that the compounds interact with this biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernández
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Esteban Rodríguez Arce
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cynthia Sarniguet
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Tomaz
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Claudio Olea Azar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Diego Maya
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Helena Garcia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lucía Otero
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Lavorato SN, Sales Júnior PA, Murta SMF, Romanha AJ, Alves RJ. In vitro activity of 1,3-bisaryloxypropanamines against Trypanosoma cruzi-infected L929 cultures. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:566-8. [PMID: 26061148 PMCID: PMC4501422 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe herein the antitrypanosomal activity of 20 novel
1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-amine derivatives. Compounds 2, 4, 6, 12, 15, 16 and 19 were
significantly active against amastigote and trypomastigote forms, with half maximal
inhibitory concentrationvalues in the range of 6-18 µM. In the cytotoxicity tests
against L929 cells, only compound 4 presented selectivity index value above 10,
indicating low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales Júnior
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Alvaro José Romanha
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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204
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Godinho VM, Gonçalves VN, Santiago IF, Figueredo HM, Vitoreli GA, Schaefer CEGR, Barbosa EC, Oliveira JG, Alves TMA, Zani CL, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Romanha AJ, Kroon EG, Cantrell CL, Wedge DE, Duke SO, Ali A, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity and bioprospection of fungal community present in oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica. Extremophiles 2015; 19:585-96. [PMID: 25809294 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We surveyed the diversity and capability of producing bioactive compounds from a cultivable fungal community isolated from oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica. A total of 115 fungal isolates were obtained and identified in 11 taxa of Aspergillus, Debaryomyces, Cladosporium, Pseudogymnoascus, Penicillium and Hypocreales. The fungal community showed low diversity and richness, and high dominance indices. The extracts of Aspergillus sydowii, Penicillium allii-sativi, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium rubens possess antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumoral, herbicidal and antiprotozoal activities. Bioactive extracts were examined using (1)H NMR spectroscopy and detected the presence of secondary metabolites with chemical shifts. Our results show that the fungi present in cold-oligotrophic soil from Antarctica included few dominant species, which may have important implications for understanding eukaryotic survival in cold-arid oligotrophic soils. We hypothesize that detailed further investigations may provide a greater understanding of the evolution of Antarctic fungi and their relationships with other organisms described in that region. Additionally, different wild pristine bioactive fungal isolates found in continental Antarctic soil may represent a unique source to discover prototype molecules for use in drug and biopesticide discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria M Godinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
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205
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Ferreira MC, Vieira MDLA, Zani CL, Alves TMDA, Junior PAS, Murta SM, Romanha AJ, Gil LHVG, Carvalho AGDO, Zilli JE, Vital MJS, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Molecular phylogeny, diversity, symbiosis and discover of bioactive compounds of endophytic fungi associated with the medicinal Amazonian plant Carapa guianensis Aublet ( Meliaceae ). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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206
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Rodrigues de Carvalho C, Vieira MDLA, Cantrell CL, Wedge DE, Alves TM, Zani CL, Pimenta RS, Sales Junior PA, Murta SM, Romanha AJ, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Biological activities of ophiobolin K and 6-epi-ophiobolin K produced by the endophytic fungusAspergillus calidoustus. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:478-81. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1022777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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207
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Antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal activities of fungal communities present in different substrates from Antarctica. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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208
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Scalese G, Benítez J, Rostán S, Correia I, Bradford L, Vieites M, Minini L, Merlino A, Coitiño EL, Birriel E, Varela J, Cerecetto H, González M, Pessoa JC, Gambino D. Expanding the family of heteroleptic oxidovanadium(IV) compounds with salicylaldehyde semicarbazones and polypyridyl ligands showing anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 147:116-25. [PMID: 25824466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Searching for prospective vanadium-based drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease, a new series of heteroleptic [V(IV)O(L-2H)(NN)] compounds was developed by including the lipophilic 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmp) NN ligand and seven tridentate salicylaldehyde semicarbazone derivatives (L1-L7). The compounds were characterized in the solid state and in solution. EPR spectroscopy suggests that the NN ligand is bidentate bound through both nitrogen donor atoms in an axial-equatorial mode. The EPR and (51)V-NMR spectra of aerated solutions at room temperature indicate that the compounds are stable to hydrolysis and that no significant oxidation of V(IV) to V(V) takes place at least in 24h. The complexes are more active in vitro against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for Chagas disease, than the reference drug Nifurtimox and most of them are more active than previously reported [V(IV)O(L-2H)(NN)] complexes of other NN co-ligands. Selectivity towards the parasite was analyzed using J-774 murine macrophages as mammalian cell model. Due to both, high activity and high selectivity, L2, L4, L5 and L7 complexes could be considered new hits for further drug development. Lipophilicity probably plays a relevant role in the bioactivity of the new compounds. The [V(IV)O(L-2H)(NN)] compounds were designed aiming DNA as potential molecular target. Therefore, the novel L1-L7 tmp complexes were screened by computational modeling, comparing their DNA-binding features with those of previously reported [V(IV)O(L-2H)(NN)] compounds with different NN co-ligands. Whereas all the complexes interact well with DNA, with binding modes and strength tuned in different extents by the NN and semicarbazone co-ligands, molecular docking suggests that the observed anti-T. cruzi activity cannot be explained upon DNA intercalation as the sole mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Scalese
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julio Benítez
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Rostán
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lara Bradford
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marisol Vieites
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Minini
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alicia Merlino
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Uruguay
| | - E Laura Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Estefania Birriel
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Varela
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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209
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Synthesis of a sugar-based thiosemicarbazone series and structure-activity relationship versus the parasite cysteine proteases rhodesain, cruzain, and Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin B1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2666-77. [PMID: 25712353 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04601-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pressing need for better drugs against Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and schistosomiasis motivates the search for inhibitors of cruzain, rhodesain, and Schistosoma mansoni CB1 (SmCB1), the major cysteine proteases from Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, and S. mansoni, respectively. Thiosemicarbazones and heterocyclic analogues have been shown to be both antitrypanocidal and inhibitory against parasite cysteine proteases. A series of compounds was synthesized and evaluated against cruzain, rhodesain, and SmCB1 through biochemical assays to determine their potency and structure-activity relationships (SAR). This approach led to the discovery of 6 rhodesain, 4 cruzain, and 5 SmCB1 inhibitors with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of ≤ 10 μM. Among the compounds tested, the thiosemicarbazone derivative of peracetylated galactoside (compound 4i) was discovered to be a potent rhodesain inhibitor (IC50 = 1.2 ± 1.0 μM). The impact of a range of modifications was determined; removal of thiosemicarbazone or its replacement by semicarbazone resulted in virtually inactive compounds, and modifications in the sugar also diminished potency. Compounds were also evaluated in vitro against the parasites T. cruzi, T. brucei, and S. mansoni, revealing active compounds among this series.
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210
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Novel solid dispersions of benznidazole: Preparation, dissolution profile and biological evaluation as alternative antichagasic drug delivery system. Exp Parasitol 2015; 149:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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211
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Oliveira-Silva JCVD, Machado-de-Assis GF, Oliveira MT, Paiva NCN, Araújo MSS, Carneiro CM, Martins-Filho OA, Martins HR, Lana MD. Experimental benznidazole treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi II strains isolated from children of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:86-94. [PMID: 25742267 PMCID: PMC4371221 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi strains from distinct geographic areas show differences in drug
resistance and association between parasites genetic and treatment response has been
observed. Considering that benznidazole (BZ) can reduce the parasite burden and
tissues damage, even in not cured animals and individuals, the goal is to assess the
drug response to BZ of T. cruzi II strains isolated from children of the
Jequitinhonha Valley, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, before treatment. Mice infected
and treated with BZ in both phases of infection were compared with the untreated and
evaluated by fresh blood examination, haemoculture, polymerase chain reaction,
conventional (ELISA) and non-conventional (FC-ALTA) serologies. In mice treated in
the acute phase, a significant decrease in parasitaemia was observed for all strains.
Positive parasitological and/or serological tests in animals treated during the acute
and chronic (95.1-100%) phases showed that most of the strains were BZ resistant.
However, beneficial effect was demonstrated because significant reduction (p <
0.05%) and/or suppression of parasitaemia was observed in mice infected with all
strains (acute phase), associated to reduction/elimination of inflammation and
fibrosis for two/eight strains. BZ offered some benefit, even in not cured animals,
what suggest that BZ use may be recommended at least for recent chronic infection of
the studied region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, Brasil
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212
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Campos FF, Sales Junior PA, Romanha AJ, Araújo MSS, Siqueira EP, Resende JM, Alves TMA, Martins-Filho OA, Santos VLD, Rosa CA, Zani CL, Cota BB. Bioactive endophytic fungi isolated from Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood) and identification of beauvericin as a trypanocidal metabolite from Fusarium sp. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:65-74. [PMID: 25742265 PMCID: PMC4371219 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to identify new sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, we isolated 82
endophytic fungi from stems and barks of the native Brazilian tree Caesalpinia
echinata Lam. (Fabaceae). We tested their ethyl acetate extracts in several in vitro
assays. The organic extracts from three isolates showed antibacterial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [minimal inhibitory concentration
(MIC) 32-64 μg/mL]. One isolate inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium (MIC
64 μg/mL) and two isolates inhibited the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca (MIC 64 μg/mL),
Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (MIC 64-128 μg/mL). Fourteen extracts at a
concentration of 20 μg/mL showed antitumour activities against human breast cancer
and human renal cancer cells, while two isolates showed anti-tumour activities
against human melanoma cancer cells. Six extracts were able to reduce the
proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating some degree of
selective toxicity. Four isolates were able to inhibit Leishmania (Leishmania)
amazonensis and one isolate inhibited Trypanosoma cruzi by at least 40% at 20 μg/mL.
The trypanocidal extract obtained from Fusarium sp. [KF611679] culture was subjected
to bioguided fractionation, which revealed beauvericin as the compound responsible
for the observed toxicity of Fusarium sp. to T. cruzi. This depsipeptide showed a
half maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.9 μg/mL (2.43 μM) in a T. cruzi cellular
culture assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fraga Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tânia M A Alves
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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213
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de Araujo FF, Nagarkatti R, Gupta C, Marino AP, Debrabant A. Aptamer-based detection of disease biomarkers in mouse models for chagas drug discovery. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e3451. [PMID: 25569299 PMCID: PMC4287562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery initiatives, aimed at Chagas treatment, have been hampered by the lack of standardized drug screening protocols and the absence of simple pre-clinical assays to evaluate treatment efficacy in animal models. In this study, we used a simple Enzyme Linked Aptamer (ELA) assay to detect T. cruzi biomarker in blood and validate murine drug discovery models of Chagas disease. In two mice models, Apt-29 ELA assay demonstrated that biomarker levels were significantly higher in the infected group compared to the control group, and upon Benznidazole treatment, their levels reduced. However, biomarker levels in the infected treated group did not reduce to those seen in the non-infected treated group, with 100% of the mice above the assay cutoff, suggesting that parasitemia was reduced but cure was not achieved. The ELA assay was capable of detecting circulating biomarkers in mice infected with various strains of T. cruzi parasites. Our results showed that the ELA assay could detect residual parasitemia in treated mice by providing an overall picture of the infection in the host. They suggest that the ELA assay can be used in drug discovery applications to assess treatment efficacy in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fortes de Araujo
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rana Nagarkatti
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charu Gupta
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ana Paula Marino
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alain Debrabant
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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214
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Vázquez K, Espinosa-Bustos C, Soto-Delgado J, Tapia RA, Varela J, Birriel E, Segura R, Pizarro J, Cerecetto H, González M, Paulino M, Salas CO. New aryloxy-quinone derivatives as potential anti-Chagasic agents: synthesis, trypanosomicidal activity, electrochemical properties, pharmacophore elucidation and 3D-QSAR analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10122k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of new aryloxy-quinones were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi and their unspecific cytotoxicity was tested on murine macrophages J-774 cells.
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215
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Naujorks AADS, da Silva AO, Lopes RDS, de Albuquerque S, Beatriz A, Marques MR, de Lima DP. Novel naphthoquinone derivatives and evaluation of their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:428-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized and tested for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities. Compound 11a was the most active against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Alves dos Santos Naujorks
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
- Campo Grande
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Sérgio de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas
- Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto
- USP
- Ribeirão Preto
| | - Adilson Beatriz
- Instituto de Química (LP4)
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
- Campo Grande
- Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Marques
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde
- Laboratório de Bioquímica
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
- Campo Grande
- Brazil
| | - Dênis Pires de Lima
- Instituto de Química (LP4)
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
- Campo Grande
- Brazil
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216
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Abstract
The discovery of new therapeutic options against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, stands as a fundamental need. Currently, there are only two drugs available to treat this neglected disease, which represents a major public health problem in Latin America. Both available therapies, benznidazole and nifurtimox, have significant toxic side effects and their efficacy against the life-threatening symptomatic chronic stage of the disease is variable. Thus, there is an urgent need for new, improved anti–T. cruzi drugs. With the objective to reliably accelerate the drug discovery process against Chagas disease, several advances have been made in the last few years. Availability of engineered reporter gene expressing parasites triggered the development of phenotypic in vitro assays suitable for high throughput screening (HTS) as well as the establishment of new in vivo protocols that allow faster experimental outcomes. Recently, automated high content microscopy approaches have also been used to identify new parasitic inhibitors. These in vitro and in vivo early drug discovery approaches, which hopefully will contribute to bring better anti–T. cruzi drug entities in the near future, are reviewed here.
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217
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Pereira AC, Esperandim VR, Ferreira da Silva D, Magalhães LG, Lima TC, Nanayakkara DNP, Cunha WR, Bastos JK, Andrade e Silva ML. Furofuran lignans display schistosomicidal and trypanocidal activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:119-125. [PMID: 25200100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases continue to be a major worldwide health problem, and there is an urgent need for development of therapeutic drugs. This paper describes synthesis of dehydrodiferulic acid dilactone 1 and dehydrodisinapic acid dilactone 2 furofuran lignans by oxidative coupling of ferulic and sinapic acids, respectively. Their schistosomicidal, trypanocidal, and leishmanicidal activities were evaluated in vitro against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms, trypomastigote and amastigotes forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, and promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Compound 1 did not display significant schistosomicidal activity, but it presented potent trypanocidal activity, since it induced death of trypomastigotes and amastigotes with IC50/24h of 9.3μM and 7.3μM, respectively. Compound 2 had slight trypanocidal and schistosomicidal activities. None of the compounds were active against L. amazonensis. These results demonstrated that furofuran lignans are potentially useful for anti-parasitic drugs development and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pereira
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 2001, 14404-600 Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Rodrigues Esperandim
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 2001, 14404-600 Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lizandra Guidi Magalhães
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 2001, 14404-600 Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Coelho Lima
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 2001, 14404-600 Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Dhammika N P Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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218
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Lewis MD, Francisco AF, Taylor MC, Kelly JM. A new experimental model for assessing drug efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi infection based on highly sensitive in vivo imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:36-43. [PMID: 25296657 PMCID: PMC4361455 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114552623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, one of the world’s major neglected infections. Although development of improved antiparasitic drugs is considered a priority, there have been no significant treatment advances in the past 40 years. Factors that have limited progress include an incomplete understanding of pathogenesis, tissue tropism, and disease progression. In addition, in vivo models, which allow parasite burdens to be tracked throughout the chronic stage of infection, have been lacking. To address these issues, we have developed a highly sensitive in vivo imaging system based on bioluminescent T. cruzi, which express a red-shifted luciferase that emits light in the tissue-penetrating orange-red region of the spectrum. The exquisite sensitivity of this noninvasive murine model has been exploited to monitor parasite burden in real time throughout the chronic stage, has allowed the identification of the gastrointestinal tract as the major niche of long-term infection, and has demonstrated that chagasic heart disease can develop in the absence of locally persistent parasites. Here, we review the parameters of the imaging system and describe how this experimental model can be incorporated into drug development programs as a valuable tool for assessing efficacy against both acute and chronic T. cruzi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lewis
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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219
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Abstract
American trypanosomiasis, or Chagas disease, is the result of infection by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. Endemic in Latin America where it is the major cause of death from cardiomyopathy, the impact of the disease is reaching global proportions through migrating populations. New drugs that are safe, efficacious, low cost, and adapted to the field are critically needed. Over the past five years, there has been increased interest in the disease and a surge in activities within various organizations. However, recent clinical trials with azoles, specifically posaconazole and the ravuconazole prodrug E1224, were disappointing, with treatment failure in Chagas patients reaching 70% to 90%, as opposed to 6% to 30% failure for benznidazole-treated patients. The lack of translation from in vitro and in vivo models to the clinic observed for the azoles raises several questions. There is a scientific requirement to review and challenge whether we are indeed using the right tools and decision-making processes to progress compounds forward for the treatment of this disease. New developments in the Chagas field, including new technologies and tools now available, will be discussed, and a redesign of the current screening strategy during the discovery process is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
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220
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Palmeiro-Roldán R, Fonseca-Berzal C, Gómez-Barrio A, Arán VJ, Escario JA, Torrado-Durán S, Torrado-Santiago S. Development of novel benznidazole formulations: Physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation on parasitemia reduction in Chagas disease. Int J Pharm 2014; 472:110-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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221
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Nitro/nitrosyl-ruthenium complexes are potent and selective anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents causing autophagy and necrotic parasite death. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6044-55. [PMID: 25092707 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02765-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
cis-[RuCl(NO2)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)] (complex 1), cis-[Ru(NO2)2(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)] (complex 2), ct-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)](PF6)2 (complex 3), and cc-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)](PF6)2 (complex 4), where 5,5'-mebipy is 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and dppb is 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, were synthesized and characterized. The structure of complex 2 was determined by X-ray crystallography. These complexes exhibited a higher anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity than benznidazole, the current antiparasitic drug. Complex 3 was the most potent, displaying a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 2.1 ± 0.6 μM against trypomastigotes and a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.3 ± 0.2 μM against amastigotes, while it displayed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 51.4 ± 0.2 μM in macrophages. It was observed that the nitrosyl complex 3, but not its analog lacking the nitrosyl group, releases nitric oxide into parasite cells. This release has a diminished effect on the trypanosomal protease cruzain but induces substantial parasite autophagy, which is followed by a series of irreversible morphological impairments to the parasites and finally results in cell death by necrosis. In infected mice, orally administered complex 3 (five times at a dose of 75 μmol/kg of body weight) reduced blood parasitemia and increased the survival rate of the mice. Combination index analysis of complex 3 indicated that its in vitro activity against trypomastigotes is synergic with benznidazole. In addition, drug combination enhanced efficacy in infected mice, suggesting that ruthenium-nitrosyl complexes are potential constituents for drug combinations.
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222
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Tapia RA, Salas CO, Vázquez K, Espinosa-Bustos C, Soto-Delgado J, Varela J, Birriel E, Cerecetto H, González M, Paulino M. Synthesis and biological characterization of new aryloxyindole-4,9-diones as potent trypanosomicidal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3919-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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223
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da Rocha CQ, Queiroz EF, Meira CS, Moreira DRM, Soares MBP, Marcourt L, Vilegas W, Wolfender JL. Dimeric flavonoids from Arrabidaea brachypoda and assessment of their anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1345-1350. [PMID: 24871307 DOI: 10.1021/np401060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The nonpolar fraction of an aqueous ethanol extract of the roots of Arrabidaea brachypoda, a Brazilian medicinal plant, demonstrated significant in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for Chagas disease. Targeted isolation of the active constituents led to the isolation of three new dimeric flavonoids (1-3), and their structures were elucidated using UV, NMR, and HRMS analysis, as well as by chemical derivatization. The anti-T. cruzi activity and cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells were determined for these substances. Compound 1 exhibited no activity toward T. cruzi, while flavonoids 2 and 3 exhibited selective activity against these trypomastigotes. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the parasite invasion process and its intracellular development in host cells with similar potencies to benznidazole. In addition, compound 2 reduced the blood parasitemia of T. cruzi-infected mice. This study has revealed that these two dimeric flavonoids represent potential anti-T. cruzi lead compounds for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Coastal Campus, Parque Bitaru, CEP 11330-900, São Vicente, Brazil
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224
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Díaz MV, Miranda MR, Campos-Estrada C, Reigada C, Maya JD, Pereira CA, López-Muñoz R. Pentamidine exerts in vitro and in vivo anti Trypanosoma cruzi activity and inhibits the polyamine transport in Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop 2014; 134:1-9. [PMID: 24560964 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pentamidine is an antiprotozoal and fungicide drug used in the treatment of leishmaniasis and African trypanosomiasis. Despite its extensive use as antiparasitic drug, little evidence exists about the effect of pentamidine in Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Recent studies have shown that pentamidine blocks a polyamine transporter present in Leishmania major; consequently, its might also block these transporters in T. cruzi. Considering that T. cruzi lacks the ability to synthesize putrescine de novo, the inhibition of polyamine transport can bring a new therapeutic target against the parasite. In this work, we show that pentamidine decreases, not only the viability of T. cruzi trypomastigotes, but also the parasite burden of infected cells. In T. cruzi-infected mice pentamidine decreases the inflammation and parasite burden in hearts from infected mice. The treatment also decreases parasitemia, resulting in an increased survival rate. In addition, pentamidine strongly inhibits the putrescine and spermidine transport in T. cruzi epimastigotes and amastigotes. Thus, this study points to reevaluate the utility of pentamidine and introduce evidence of a potential new action mechanism. In the quest of new therapeutic strategies against Chagas disease, the extensive use of pentamidine in human has led to a well-known clinical profile, which could be an advantage over newly synthesized molecules that require more comprehensive trials prior to their clinical use.
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225
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LIMA LUCIANAA, ALVES TÂNIAM, ZANI CARLOSL, SALES JÚNIOR POLICARPOA, ROMANHA ALVAROJ, JOHANN SUSANA, CISALPINO PATRÍCIAS, PIMENTA LÚCIAP, BOAVENTURA MARIAAMÉLIAD. In vitro cytotoxic, antifungal, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of acetogenins isolated from Annona cornifolia A. St. -Hil. (Annonaceae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona cornifolia A. St. -Hil. is a small annual perennial tree found in the Brazilian savannah; their green fruit is popularly used in the treatment of ulcers. The acetogenins isolated from the seeds of Annona cornifolia previously showed to possess antioxidant activity. In continuation of our investigations on the biological activities of acetogenins, four binary mixtures and ten pure adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins were evaluated: the cytotoxic (against three human tumor cell lines), antifungal (against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis), trypanocidal (against Trypanosoma cruzi) and leishmanicidal (against Leishmania amazonensis) activities. Acetogenins presented cytotoxic activity confirming their potential use in anti-cancer therapy. Regarding leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities, an inhibition of 87% of L. amazonensis amastigotes and 100% of T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes was observed, when tested at the concentration of 20 µg mL–1. Moreover, six acetogenins showed more activity against all the three tested isolates of P. brasiliensis than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a drug used for treating paracoccidioidomycosis. Thus, acetogenins may be an alternative in treating a number of diseases that have a huge impact on millions of people worldwide. This paper reports for the first time the antifungal, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities for these acetogenins.
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226
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New drugs with antiprotozoal activity from marine algae: a review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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227
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Furbino LE, Godinho VM, Santiago IF, Pellizari FM, Alves TMA, Zani CL, Junior PAS, Romanha AJ, Carvalho AGO, Gil LHVG, Rosa CA, Minnis AM, Rosa LH. Diversity patterns, ecology and biological activities of fungal communities associated with the endemic macroalgae across the Antarctic peninsula. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 67:775-87. [PMID: 24509705 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We surveyed diversity patterns and engaged in bioprospecting for bioactive compounds of fungi associated with the endemic macroalgae, Monostroma hariotii and Pyropia endiviifolia, in Antarctica. A total of 239 fungal isolates were obtained, which were identified to represent 48 taxa and 18 genera using molecular methods. The fungal communities consisted of endemic, indigenous and cold-adapted cosmopolitan taxa, which displayed high diversity and richness, but low dominance indices. The extracts of endemic and cold-adapted fungi displayed biological activities and may represent sources of promising prototype molecules to develop drugs. Our results suggest that macroalgae along the marine Antarctic Peninsula provide additional niches where fungal taxa can survive and coexist with their host in the extreme conditions. We hypothesise that the dynamics of richness and dominance among endemic, indigenous and cold-adapted cosmopolitan fungal taxa might be used to understand and model the influence of climate change on the maritime Antarctic mycota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Furbino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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228
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Sales Júnior PA, Rezende Júnior CO, Le Hyaric M, Almeida MVD, Romanha AJ. The in vitro activity of fatty diamines and amino alcohols against mixed amastigote and trypomastigote Trypanosoma cruzi forms. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:362-4. [PMID: 24831550 PMCID: PMC4131791 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Four diamines and three amino alcohols derived from 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol and
1,2-dodecanediol were evaluated in an in vitro assay against a mixture of
trypomastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of Trypanosoma
cruzi. Two of these compounds (6 and 7) showed better activity against
both proliferative stages of T. cruzi than the positive control
benznidazole, three were of similar potency (1, 2 and 5) and two were less active (3
and 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Policarpo Ademar Sales Júnior
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Mireille Le Hyaric
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora,, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Alvaro José Romanha
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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229
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In vitro and in vivo biological effects of novel arylimidamide derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3720-6. [PMID: 24752263 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02353-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health problem in several Latin American countries. The available chemotherapies for CD have limited efficacy and exhibit undesirable side effects. Aromatic diamidines and arylimidamides (AIAs) have shown broad-spectrum activity against intracellular parasites, including T. cruzi. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the biological activity of eight novel AIAs (16DAP002, 16SAB079, 18SAB075, 23SMB022, 23SMB026, 23SMB054, 26SMB070, and 27SMB009) against experimental models of T. cruzi infection in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that none of the compounds induced a loss of cellular viability up to 32 μM. Two AIAs, 18SAB075 and 16DAP002, exhibited good in vitro activity against different parasite strains (Y and Tulahuen) and against the two relevant forms of the parasite for mammalian hosts. Due to the excellent selective indexes of 18SAB075, this AIA was moved to in vivo tests for acute toxicity and parasite efficacy; nontoxic doses (no-observed-adverse-effect level [NOAEL], 50 mg/kg) were employed in the tests for parasite efficacy. In experimental models of acute T. cruzi infection, 18SAB075 reduced parasitemia levels only up to 50% and led to 40% protection against mortality (at 5 mg/kg of body weight), being less effective than the reference drug, benznidazole.
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230
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Abstract
Chagas' disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and constitutes a serious public health problem for Latin America. Its unsatisfactory chemotherapy stimulates the search for novel antiparasitic compounds. Amidines and related compounds exhibit well-known activity towards different microbes including T. cruzi. In this vein, our present aim was to evaluate the biological effect of 10 novel structurally related amidines in vitro against bloodstream and intracellular forms of the parasite as well as their potential toxicity on cardiac cell cultures. Our results show that although active against the extracellular forms, with some of them like DB2247 being 6-fold more effective than benznidazole and displaying very low toxicity (>96 μm), none presented superior trypanocidal effect against intracellular forms as compared with the reference drug. These results may be due to differences in susceptibility profiles related to distinct uptake/extrusion mechanisms and cellular targets between bloodstream and amastigote forms. The present study adds to the knowledge base for the future design of novel amidines that may provide promising activity against T. cruzi.
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231
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Villalobos-Rocha JC, Sánchez-Torres L, Nogueda-Torres B, Segura-Cabrera A, García-Pérez CA, Bocanegra-García V, Palos I, Monge A, Rivera G. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-leishmanial activity by quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2027-35. [PMID: 24691716 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel series of ethyl and methyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives were evaluated in vitro on Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and Leishmania mexicana promastigotes, and cytotoxicity activity in murine macrophages was tested. In silico molecular docking simulations of trypanothione reductase were also done. Three compounds of 33 quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives showed better anti-T. cruzi activity than nifurtimox and beznidazole; two compounds had better anti-leishmanial activity that amphotericin-B, and two compounds showed better activity against both parasites than reference drugs. Compounds M2, M7, M8 and E5, showed low cytotoxic activity on the host cell. The in silico studies suggest that compound M2 is a potential trypanothione reductase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Villalobos-Rocha
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, s/n, 11340, D.F., Mexico
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232
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Conformational restriction of aryl thiosemicarbazones produces potent and selective anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds which induce apoptotic parasite death. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:467-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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233
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Fonseca-Berzal C, Escario JA, Arán VJ, Gómez-Barrio A. Further insights into biological evaluation of new anti-Trypanosoma cruzi 5-nitroindazoles. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1049-56. [PMID: 24435615 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Twelve molecules from a series of 35 new 5-nitroindazole derivatives, selected from a successful primary screening on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, have been evaluated against intracellular amastigotes according to the previous results of their trypanocidal activity and unspecific cytotoxicity. 2-Benzyl-1-propyl (22), 2-benzyl-1-isopropyl (23), and 2-benzyl-1-butyl (24) 5-nitroindazolin-3-ones have inhibited the growth of amastigotes similarly to the reference drugs benznidazole and nifurtimox, inducing complete growth inhibition at concentrations lower than 8 μM (IC₅₀ < 5 μM) and accomplishing great selectivity indexes on the intracellular form of the parasite (SI > 30). Further in vivo assays were developed only for two of the most active molecules (22 and 24), reaching significant reductions in parasitemia levels (52 % and 77%, respectively) after their oral administration to infected mice. In addition, none of the mice in experimental and benznidazole groups died, unlike in the control group which is only treated with the vehicle. The trypanocidal properties found in some of the 5-nitroindazole derivatives assayed in the present work represent an interesting contribution to the urgent need for searching new antichagasic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM & CSIC), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain,
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234
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Menna-Barreto RFS, Perales J. The expected outcome of the Trypanosoma cruzi proteomic map: a review of its potential biological applications for drug target discovery. Subcell Biochem 2014; 74:305-322. [PMID: 24264251 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7305-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical illness endemic to Latin America, and its treatment remains unsatisfactory. This disease is caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which has a complex life cycle involving three evolutive forms in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Targeting metabolic pathways in the parasite for rational drug design represents a promising research field. This research area requires high performance techniques and proteomics become a powerful tool in this context. Here, we review advances in the construction of proteomic maps of the different forms of T. cruzi, emphasizing their biological applications towards the identification of alternative candidates for drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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235
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Braga SFP, Alves ÉVP, Ferreira RS, Fradico JRB, Lage PS, Duarte MC, Ribeiro TG, Júnior PAS, Romanha AJ, Tonini ML, Steindel M, Coelho EF, de Oliveira RB. Synthesis and evaluation of the antiparasitic activity of bis-(arylmethylidene) cycloalkanones. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 71:282-9. [PMID: 24321832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis-(arylmethylidene)-cycloalkanones was synthesized by cross-aldol condensation. The activity of the compounds was evaluated against amastigotes forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis. The cytotoxicity of the active compounds on uninfected fibroblasts or macrophages was established in vitro to evaluate the selectivity of their antiparasitic effects. Six compounds displayed trypanocidal activity against amastigotes intracellular forms of T. cruzi with IC₅₀ values ranging from 7.0 to 249 μM. Besides these six compounds, eight other molecules exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity (IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.6 to 110.4 μM). Two compounds can be considered as promising antiparasitic lead molecules because they showed IC₅₀ values in the low-micromolar range (≤1.2 μM) with an adequate SI (≥19.9). To understand the mechanism of action of these compounds, two possible molecular targets were investigated: trypanothione reductase (TR) and cruzain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo F P Braga
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Érika V P Alves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana R B Fradico
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula S Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana G Ribeiro
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Policarpo A S Júnior
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1.715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte 30.190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Alvaro J Romanha
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1.715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte 30.190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Maiko L Tonini
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Setor F, Bloco A, Florianópolis 88.040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Mário Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Setor F, Bloco A, Florianópolis 88.040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
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236
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Galiana-Roselló C, Bilbao-Ramos P, Dea-Ayuela MA, Rolón M, Vega C, Bolás-Fernández F, García-España E, Alfonso J, Coronel C, González-Rosende ME. In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and trypanocidal studies of new N-benzene- and N-naphthalenesulfonamide derivatives. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8984-98. [PMID: 24151871 DOI: 10.1021/jm4006127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report in vivo and in vitro antileishmanial and trypanocidal activities of a new series of N-substituted benzene and naphthalenesulfonamides 1-15. Compounds 1-15 were screened in vitro against Leishmania infantum , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania guyanensis , Leishmania amazonensis , and Trypanosoma cruzi . Sulfonamides 6e, 10b, and 10d displayed remarkable activity and selectivity toward T. cruzi epimastigotes and amastigotes. 6e showed significant trypanocidal activity on parasitemia in a murine model of acute Chagas disease. Moreover, 6e, 8c, 9c, 12c, and 14d displayed interesting IC50 values against Leishmania spp promastigotes as well as L. amazonensis and L. infantum amastigotes. 9c showed excellent in vivo activity (up to 97% inhibition of the parasite growth) in a short-term treatment murine model for acute infection by L. infantum. In addition, the effect of compounds 9c and 14d on tubulin as potential target was assessed by confocal microscopy analysis applied to L. infantum promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Galiana-Roselló
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Edificio Seminario s/n, 46113-Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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237
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Moreira DRM, Lima Leite AC, Cardoso MVO, Srivastava RM, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, da Cruz LF, Ferreira RS, de Simone CA, Meira CS, Guimaraes ET, da Silva AC, dos Santos TAR, Pereira VRA, Pereira Soares MB. Structural Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Thiazolidinones with Enhanced Anti-Trypanosoma cruziActivity. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:177-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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238
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Raviolo M, Solana M, Novoa M, Gualdesi M, Alba-Soto C, Briñón M. Synthesis, physicochemical properties of allopurinol derivatives and their biological activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:455-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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239
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Jones AJ, Grkovic T, Sykes ML, Avery VM. Trypanocidal activity of marine natural products. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4058-82. [PMID: 24152565 PMCID: PMC3826150 DOI: 10.3390/md11104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are a diverse, unique collection of compounds with immense therapeutic potential. This has resulted in these molecules being evaluated for a number of different disease indications including the neglected protozoan diseases, human African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease, for which very few drugs are currently available. This article will review the marine natural products for which activity against the kinetoplastid parasites; Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T.b. rhodesiense and T. cruzi has been reported. As it is important to know the selectivity of a compound when evaluating its trypanocidal activity, this article will only cover molecules which have simultaneously been tested for cytotoxicity against a mammalian cell line. Compounds have been grouped according to their chemical structure and representative examples from each class were selected for detailed discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Jones
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
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240
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Diogo EBT, Dias GG, Rodrigues BL, Guimarães TT, Valença WO, Camara CA, de Oliveira RN, da Silva MG, Ferreira VF, de Paiva YG, Goulart MOF, Menna-Barreto RFS, de Castro SL, da Silva Júnior EN. Synthesis and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of naphthoquinone-containing triazoles: electrochemical studies on the effects of the quinoidal moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6337-48. [PMID: 24074878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In our continued search for novel trypanocidal compounds, twenty-six derivatives of para- and ortho-naphthoquinones coupled to 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated against the infective bloodstream form of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Compounds 17-24, 28-30 and 36-38 are described herein for the first time. Three of these novel compounds (28-30) were found to be more potent than the standard drug benznidazole, with IC50/24h values between 6.8 and 80.8μM. Analysis of the toxicity to heart muscle cells led to LC50/24h of <125, 63.1 and 281.6μM for 28, 29 and 30, respectively. Displaying a selectivity index of 34.3, compound 30 will be further evaluated in vivo. The electrochemical properties of selected compounds were evaluated in an attempt to find correlations with trypanocidal activity, and it was observed that more electrophilic quinones were generally more potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilay B T Diogo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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241
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Fonseca-Berzal C, Merchán Arenas DR, Romero Bohórquez AR, Escario JA, Kouznetsov VV, Gómez-Barrio A. Selective activity of 2,4-diaryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and amastigotes expressing β-galactosidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4851-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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242
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Sykes ML, Avery VM. Approaches to Protozoan Drug Discovery: Phenotypic Screening. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7727-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4004279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Sykes
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute
for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute
for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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243
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Activities of psilostachyin A and cynaropicrin against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5307-14. [PMID: 23939901 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00595-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo activities against Trypanosoma cruzi were evaluated for two sesquiterpene lactones: psilostachyin A and cynaropicrin. Cynaropicrin had previously been shown to potently inhibit African trypanosomes in vivo, and psilostachyin A had been reported to show in vivo effects against T. cruzi, albeit in another test design. In vitro data showed that cynaropicrin was more effective than psilostachyin A. Ultrastructural alterations induced by cynaropicrin included shedding events, detachment of large portions of the plasma membrane, and vesicular bodies and large vacuoles containing membranous structures, suggestive of parasite autophagy. Acute toxicity studies showed that one of two mice died at a cynaropicrin dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight given intraperitoneally (i.p.). Although no major plasma biochemical alterations could be detected, histopathology demonstrated that the liver was the most affected organ in cynaropicrin-treated animals. Although cynaropicrin was as effective as benznidazole against trypomastigotes in vitro, the treatment (once or twice a day) of T. cruzi-infected mice (up to 50 mg/kg/day cynaropicrin) did not suppress parasitemia or protect against mortality induced by the Y and Colombiana strains. Psilostachyin A (0.5 to 50 mg/kg/day given once a day) was not effective in the acute model of T. cruzi infection (Y strain), reaching 100% animal mortality. Our data demonstrate that although it is very promising against African trypanosomes, cynaropicrin does not show efficacy compared to benznidazole in acute mouse models of T. cruzi infection.
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244
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Yamanaka CN, Giordani RB, Rezende CO, Eger I, Kessler RL, Tonini ML, de Moraes MH, Araújo DP, Zuanazzi JA, de Almeida MV, Steindel M. Assessment of Leishmanicidal and Trypanocidal Activities of Aliphatic Diamine Derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:697-704. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celina N. Yamanaka
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Cx. postal 476 Florianópolis SC 88.040-970 Brazil
| | - Raquel B. Giordani
- Departamento de Farmácia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias/Sn Natal RN 59010-180 Brazil
| | - Celso O. Rezende
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Campus Martelos Juiz de Fora MG 36036-330 Brazil
| | - Iriane Eger
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz; Curitiba PR 81.350-010 Brazil
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade do Vale do Itajaí; Itajaí SC 88.302-202 Brazil
| | - Rafael L. Kessler
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz; Curitiba PR 81.350-010 Brazil
| | - Maiko L. Tonini
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Cx. postal 476 Florianópolis SC 88.040-970 Brazil
| | - Milene H. de Moraes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Cx. postal 476 Florianópolis SC 88.040-970 Brazil
| | - Debora P. Araújo
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Campus Martelos Juiz de Fora MG 36036-330 Brazil
| | - Jose A. Zuanazzi
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Ipiranga 2752 Porto Alegre RS 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Mauro V. de Almeida
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Campus Martelos Juiz de Fora MG 36036-330 Brazil
| | - Mario Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Cx. postal 476 Florianópolis SC 88.040-970 Brazil
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245
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In vitro and in vivo studies of the antiparasitic activity of sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) inhibitor VNI against drug-resistant strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4151-63. [PMID: 23774435 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00070-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease affects more than 10 million people worldwide, and yet, as it has historically been known as a disease of the poor, it remains highly neglected. Two currently available drugs exhibit severe toxicity and low effectiveness, especially in the chronic phase, while new drug discovery has been halted for years as a result of a lack of interest from pharmaceutical companies. Although attempts to repurpose the antifungal drugs posaconazole and ravuconazole (inhibitors of fungal sterol 14α-demethylase [CYP51]) are finally in progress, development of cheaper and more efficient, preferably Trypanosoma cruzi-specific, chemotherapies would be highly advantageous. We have recently reported that the experimental T. cruzi CYP51 inhibitor VNI cures with 100% survival and 100% parasitological clearance both acute and chronic murine infections with the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi. In this work, we further explored the potential of VNI by assaying nitro-derivative-resistant T. cruzi strains, Y and Colombiana, in highly stringent protocols of acute infection. The data show high antiparasitic efficacy of VNI and its derivative (VNI/VNF) against both forms of T. cruzi that are relevant for mammalian host infection (bloodstream and amastigotes), with the in vivo potency, at 25 mg/kg twice a day (b.i.d.), similar to that of benznidazole (100 mg/kg/day). Transmission electron microscopy and reverse mutation tests were performed to explore cellular ultrastructural and mutagenic aspects of VNI, respectively. No mutagenic potential could be seen by the Ames test at up to 3.5 μM, and the main ultrastructural damage induced by VNI in T. cruzi was related to Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum organization, with membrane blebs presenting an autophagic phenotype. Thus, these preliminary studies confirm VNI as a very promising trypanocidal drug candidate for Chagas disease therapy.
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246
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Vanrell MC, Cueto JA, Barclay JJ, Carrillo C, Colombo MI, Gottlieb RA, Romano PS. Polyamine depletion inhibits the autophagic response modulating Trypanosoma cruzi infectivity. Autophagy 2013; 9:1080-93. [PMID: 23697944 DOI: 10.4161/auto.24709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cell process that in normal conditions serves to recycle cytoplasmic components and aged or damaged organelles. The autophagic pathway has been implicated in many physiological and pathological situations, even during the course of infection by intracellular pathogens. Many compounds are currently used to positively or negatively modulate the autophagic response. Recently it was demonstrated that the polyamine spermidine is a physiological inducer of autophagy in eukaryotic cells. We have previously shown that the etiological agent of Chagas disease, the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, interacts with autophagic compartments during host cell invasion and that preactivation of autophagy significantly increases host cell colonization by this parasite. In the present report we have analyzed the effect of polyamine depletion on the autophagic response of the host cell and on T. cruzi infectivity. Our data showed that depleting intracellular polyamines by inhibiting the biosynthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) suppressed the induction of autophagy in response to starvation or rapamycin treatment in two cell lines. This effect was associated with a decrease in the levels of LC3 and ATG5, two proteins required for autophagosome formation. As a consequence of inhibiting host cell autophagy, DFMO impaired T. cruzi colonization, indicating that polyamines and autophagy facilitate parasite infection. Thus, our results point to DFMO as a novel autophagy inhibitor. While other autophagy inhibitors such as wortmannin and 3-methyladenine are nonspecific and potentially toxic, DFMO is an FDA-approved drug that may have value in limiting autophagy and the spread of the infection in Chagas disease and possibly other pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Vanrell
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM); Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; CONICET; Mendoza, Argentina
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247
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Novel amidines and analogues as promising agents against intracellular parasites: a systematic review. Parasitology 2013; 140:929-51. [PMID: 23561006 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic protozoa comprise diverse aetiological agents responsible for important diseases in humans and animals including sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis and others. They are major causes of mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries, and are also responsible for important economic losses. However, up to now, for most of these parasitic diseases, effective vaccines are lacking and the approved chemotherapeutic compounds present high toxicity, increasing resistance, limited efficacy and require long periods of treatment. Many of these parasitic illnesses predominantly affect low-income populations of developing countries for which new pharmaceutical alternatives are urgently needed. Thus, very low research funding is available. Amidine-containing compounds such as pentamidine are DNA minor groove binders with a broad spectrum of activities against human and veterinary pathogens. Due to their promising microbicidal activity but their rather poor bioavailability and high toxicity, many analogues and derivatives, including pro-drugs, have been synthesized and screened in vitro and in vivo in order to improve their selectivity and pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the knowledge on amidines and analogues with respect to their synthesis, pharmacological profile, mechanistic and biological effects upon a range of intracellular protozoan parasites. The bulk of these data may contribute to the future design and structure optimization of new aromatic dicationic compounds as novel antiparasitic drug candidates.
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248
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Nanosuspensions: a new approach for organ and cellular targeting in infectious diseases. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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249
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Moreira DRM, Costa SPM, Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, de Oliveira Filho GB, de Melo CML, da Rocha LF, de Simone CA, Ferreira RS, Fradico JRB, Meira CS, Guimarães ET, Srivastava RM, Pereira VRA, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. Structural Investigation of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi 2-Iminothiazolidin-4-ones Allows the Identification of Agents with Efficacy in Infected Mice. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10918-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301518v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Rodrigo Magalhaes Moreira
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas and da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife,
PE, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Salvana Priscylla Manso Costa
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Montenegro Rabello
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Ferreira da Rocha
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,
CEP, 50670-420, Salvador-PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Simone
- Departamento de Física
and Informática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos,
SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica
and
Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Elisalva Teixeira Guimarães
- Departamento de Ciências da
Vida, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, CEP
41150-000, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rajendra Mohan Srivastava
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas and da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife,
PE, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia and
Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, CEP 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento
de Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife,
PE, Brazil
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Gulin JEN, Eagleson MA, Postan M, Cutrullis RA, Freilij H, Bournissen FG, Petray PB, Altcheh J. Efficacy of voriconazole in a murine model of acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:888-94. [PMID: 23212113 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antifungal triazole derivatives have been studied as possible alternatives for the treatment of Chagas' disease. Voriconazole has demonstrated in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, but its efficacy in vivo has not yet been tested. We aimed to determine the effect of voriconazole in a murine model of acute T. cruzi infection. METHODS Treatment efficacy was evaluated by comparing parasitaemia, mortality and organ involvement (by histological examination) of infected mice. RESULTS Treatment with voriconazole significantly lowered parasitaemia and mortality compared with controls, reduced the percentage of mice with amastigote nests in heart and skeletal muscle and moderately decreased myocardial inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the potential of voriconazole for the treatment of acute Chagas' disease and motivate future animal studies using varying doses and treatment schemes. Further evaluation of voriconazole for clinical use in human Chagas' patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E N Gulin
- Servicio de Parasitología y Enfermedad de Chagas, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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