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Ibáñez-Escribano A, Fonseca-Berzal C, Martínez-Montiel M, Álvarez-Márquez M, Gómez-Núñez M, Lacueva-Arnedo M, Espinosa-Buitrago T, Martín-Pérez T, Escario JA, Merino-Montiel P, Montiel-Smith S, Gómez-Barrio A, López Ó, Fernández-Bolaños JG. Thio- and selenosemicarbazones as antiprotozoal agents against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:781-791. [PMID: 35193444 PMCID: PMC8881069 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2041629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation of a panel of Schiff bases analogues as antiprotozoal agents by modification of the stereoelectronic effects of the substituents on N-1 and N-4 and the nature of the chalcogen atom (S, Se). These compounds were evaluated towards Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis. Thiosemicarbazide 31 showed the best trypanocidal profile (epimastigotes), similar to benznidazole (BZ): IC50 (31)=28.72 μM (CL-B5 strain) and 33.65 μM (Y strain), IC50 (BZ)=25.31 μM (CL-B5) and 22.73 μM (Y); it lacked toxicity over mammalian cells (CC50 > 256 µM). Thiosemicarbazones 49, 51 and 63 showed remarkable trichomonacidal effects (IC50 =16.39, 14.84 and 14.89 µM) and no unspecific cytotoxicity towards Vero cells (CC50 ≥ 275 µM). Selenoisosters 74 and 75 presented a slightly enhanced activity (IC50=11.10 and 11.02 µM, respectively). Hydrogenosome membrane potential and structural changes were analysed to get more insight into the trichomonacidal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Márquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Núñez
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Lacueva-Arnedo
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Espinosa-Buitrago
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Martín-Pérez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Antonio Escario
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Alicia Gómez-Barrio
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Ibáñez-Escribano A, Reviriego F, Vela N, Fonseca-Berzal C, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Arán VJ, Escario JA, Gómez-Barrio A. Promising hit compounds against resistant trichomoniasis: Synthesis and antiparasitic activity of 3-(ω-aminoalkoxy)-1-benzyl-5-nitroindazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 37:127843. [PMID: 33556576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 11 3-(ω-aminoalkoxy)-1-benzyl-5-nitroindazoles (2-12) has been prepared starting from 1-benzyl-5-nitroindazol-3-ol 13, and evaluated against sensitive and resistant isolates of the sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Compounds 2, 3, 6, 9, 10 and 11 showed trichomonacidal profiles with IC50 < 20 µM against the metronidazole-sensitive isolate. Moreover, all these compounds submitted to cytotoxicity assays against mammalian cells exhibited low non-specific cytotoxic effects, except compounds 3 and 9 which displayed moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 = 74.7 and 59.1 µM, respectively). Those compounds with trichomonacidal effect were also evaluated against a metronidazole-resistant culture. Special mention deserve compounds 6 and 10, which displayed better IC50 values (1.3 and 0.5 µM respectively) than that of the reference drug (IC50 MTZ = 3.0 µM). The high activity of these compounds against the resistant isolate reinforces the absence of cross-resistance with the reference drug. The remarkable trichomonacidal results against resistant T. vaginalis isolates suggest the interest of 3-(ω-aminoalkoxy)-1-benzyl-5-nitroindazoles to be considered as good prototypes to continue in the development of new drugs with enhanced trichomonacidal activity, aiming to increase the non-existent drugs to face clinical resistance efficiently for those patients in whom therapy with 5-nitroimidazoles is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Vela
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Nogal-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente J Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Escario
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gómez-Barrio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Bolumburu C, Zamora V, Muñoz-Algarra M, Portero-Azorín F, Escario JA, Ibáñez-Escribano A. Trichomoniasis in a tertiary hospital of Madrid, Spain (2013-2017): prevalence and pregnancy rate, coinfections, metronidazole resistance, and endosymbiosis. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1915-1923. [PMID: 32405804 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide and a risk factor for the acquisition of other STIs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis and related coinfections in women attending a third-level hospital of Madrid (Spain). A retrospective study of 24,173 vaginal exudates from women with suspected vaginitis was conducted between 2013 and 2017. Likewise, among T. vaginalis positive samples, co-occurrence with gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, VIH, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum was checked. Moreover, seven T. vaginalis isolates from 2017 were randomly collected for endobionts, drug resistance, and microsatellite (MS) instability determinations. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 0.8% between 2013 and 2017. Less than 20% of patients with trichomoniasis were submitted to a complete screening for other genital pathogens. From that, two patients were coinfected with chlamydia and three with syphilis. Surprisingly, 6.4% of positive samples were diagnosed among pregnant women, showing an alarming increase from 3.2% (2014) to 10% (2017). Among the isolates randomly analyzed, five carried T. vaginalis virus, five harbored mycoplasmas, and one was metronidazole-resistant. The molecular genotyping showed a high variability in the three MS evaluated. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Spain that evaluates the prevalence of trichomoniasis in general and pregnant population and includes biomolecular determinations. These results warn about the increasing prevalence and highlight the importance of including T. vaginalis detection in routine gynecological revisions with special emphasis on childbearing age women and patients with previous STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Bolumburu
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vega Zamora
- Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Muñoz-Algarra
- Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Portero-Azorín
- Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Escario
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Fonseca-Berzal C, Ibáñez-Escribano A, Vela N, Cumella J, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Escario JA, da Silva PB, Batista MM, Soeiro MDNC, Sifontes-Rodríguez S, Meneses-Marcel A, Gómez-Barrio A, Arán VJ. Antichagasic, Leishmanicidal, and Trichomonacidal Activity of 2-Benzyl-5-nitroindazole-Derived Amines. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1246-1259. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Nerea Vela
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); c/ Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - José Cumella
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); c/ Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan José Nogal-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José Antonio Escario
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Patrícia Bernardino da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz; Av. Brasil 4365 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marcos Meuser Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz; Av. Brasil 4365 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Maria de Nazaré C. Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz; Av. Brasil 4365 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Sergio Sifontes-Rodríguez
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos; Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas; Carretera a Camajuaní, km 5 1/2 54830 Santa Clara, Villa Clara Cuba
| | - Alfredo Meneses-Marcel
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos; Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas; Carretera a Camajuaní, km 5 1/2 54830 Santa Clara, Villa Clara Cuba
| | - Alicia Gómez-Barrio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Vicente J. Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); c/ Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
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Fonseca-Berzal C, Ibáñez-Escribano A, Reviriego F, Cumella J, Morales P, Jagerovic N, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Escario JA, da Silva PB, Soeiro MDNC, Gómez-Barrio A, Arán VJ. Antichagasic and trichomonacidal activity of 1-substituted 2-benzyl-5-nitroindazolin-3-ones and 3-alkoxy-2-benzyl-5-nitro-2H-indazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:295-310. [PMID: 27017556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two series of new 5-nitroindazole derivatives, 1-substituted 2-benzylindazolin-3-ones (6-29, series A) and 3-alkoxy-2-benzyl-2H-indazoles (30-37, series B), containing differently functionalized chains at position 1 and 3, respectively, have been synthesized starting from 2-benzyl-5-nitroindazolin-3-one 5, and evaluated against the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis, etiological agents of Chagas disease and trichomonosis, respectively. Many indazolinones of series A were efficient against different morphological forms of T. cruzi CL Brener strain (compounds 6, 7, 9, 10 and 19-21: IC50 = 1.58-4.19 μM for epimastigotes; compounds 6, 19-21 and 24: IC50 = 0.22-0.54 μM for amastigotes) being as potent as the reference drug benznidazole. SAR analysis suggests that electron-donating groups at position 1 of indazolinone ring are associated with an improved antichagasic activity. Moreover, compounds of series A displayed low unspecific toxicities against an in vitro model of mammalian cells (fibroblasts), which were reflected in high values of the selectivity indexes (SI). Compound 20 was also very efficient against amastigotes from Tulahuen and Y strains of T. cruzi (IC50 = 0.81 and 0.60 μM, respectively), showing low toxicity towards cardiac cells (LC50 > 100 μM). In what concerns compounds of series B, some of them displayed moderate activity against trophozoites of a metronidazole-sensitive isolate of T. vaginalis (35 and 36: IC50 = 9.82 and 7.25 μM, respectively), with low unspecific toxicity towards Vero cells. Compound 36 was also active against a metronidazole-resistant isolate (IC50 = 9.11 μM) and can thus be considered a good prototype for the development of drugs directed to T. vaginalis resistant to 5-nitroimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Cumella
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Nogal-Ruiz
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Escario
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bernardino da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Nazaré C Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alicia Gómez-Barrio
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicente J Arán
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Ibáñez-Escribano A, Reviriego F, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Meneses-Marcel A, Gómez-Barrio A, Escario JA, Arán VJ. Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of substituted nitroquinoxalin-2-ones and 2,3-diones as novel trichomonacidal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:276-83. [PMID: 25771033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two series of ten novel 7-nitroquinoxalin-2-ones and ten 6-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-diones with diverse substituents at positions 1 and 4 were synthesized and evaluated against the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Furthermore, diverse molecular and drug-likeness properties were analyzed to predict the oral bioavailability following the Lipinski's "rule of five". 7-Nitroquinoxalin-2-one derivatives displayed moderate to high in vitro activity while the efficiency of most nitroquinoxaline-2,3-diones was rather low; both kinds of compounds did not show cytotoxic effects in mammalian cells. 7-Nitro-4-(3-piperidinopropyl)quinoxalin-2-one 9 achieved the highest trichomonacidal activity (IC50 = 18.26 μM) and was subsequently assayed in vivo in a murine model of trichomonosis. A 46.13% and a 50.70% reduction of pathogenic injuries were observed in the experimental groups treated orally during 7 days with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses. The results obtained in the biological assays against T. vaginalis indicate that compounds with ω-(dialkylamino)alkyl substituents and a keto group at positions 4 and 2 of quinoxaline ring, respectively, provide interesting structural cores to develop novel prototypes to enhance the nitroquinoxalinones activity as trichomonacidal agents with interesting ADME properties according to virtual screening analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Nogal-Ruiz
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Meneses-Marcel
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos, Universidad Central de Las Villas, 54830 Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Alicia Gómez-Barrio
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Escario
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicente J Arán
- Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM & CSIC), Spain; Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Ibáñez-Escribano A, Meneses-Marcel A, Marrero-Ponce Y, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Arán VJ, Gómez-Barrio A, Escario JA. A sequential procedure for rapid and accurate identification of putative trichomonacidal agents. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 105:162-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Immunomodulator effect of Anapsos (Polypodium leukotomas extract) in NMRI (US Naval Medical Research Institute) outbred mice infected by the intraperitoneal route with 10(7) Trichomonas vaginalis has been tested. Gross histopathologic changes in abdominal organs and mortality rate, as a consequence of the pathogenicity of the protozoa and the immune response of the host, were evaluated. Among the different treatment regimes assayed, Anapsos at doses of 20 mg/Kg/day administered for 10 days before infection decreases the parasite pathogenicity index (PI) in the treated animals when compared to those of the untreated control group. The immunosuppressor treatments with azathioprine (100 mg/Kg/day x 1), cyclophosphamide (100 mg/Kg/day x 1), and FK-506 (10 mg/Kg/day x 10) significantly decreased the PI, while an immunostimulant treatment with glycophosphopeptical (13 mg/Kg/day x 10) increased it. These assays have shown the usefulness of the murine model of experimental trichomoniasis for the study of immunomodulator activity of natural or synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Nogal-Ruiz
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Fonseca-Berzal C, Escario JA, Arán VJ, Gómez-Barrio A. Further insights into biological evaluation of new anti-Trypanosoma cruzi 5-nitroindazoles. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1049-56. [PMID: 24435615 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Twelve molecules from a series of 35 new 5-nitroindazole derivatives, selected from a successful primary screening on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, have been evaluated against intracellular amastigotes according to the previous results of their trypanocidal activity and unspecific cytotoxicity. 2-Benzyl-1-propyl (22), 2-benzyl-1-isopropyl (23), and 2-benzyl-1-butyl (24) 5-nitroindazolin-3-ones have inhibited the growth of amastigotes similarly to the reference drugs benznidazole and nifurtimox, inducing complete growth inhibition at concentrations lower than 8 μM (IC₅₀ < 5 μM) and accomplishing great selectivity indexes on the intracellular form of the parasite (SI > 30). Further in vivo assays were developed only for two of the most active molecules (22 and 24), reaching significant reductions in parasitemia levels (52 % and 77%, respectively) after their oral administration to infected mice. In addition, none of the mice in experimental and benznidazole groups died, unlike in the control group which is only treated with the vehicle. The trypanocidal properties found in some of the 5-nitroindazole derivatives assayed in the present work represent an interesting contribution to the urgent need for searching new antichagasic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM & CSIC), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain,
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Meneses-Marcel A, Rivera-Borroto OM, Marrero-Ponce Y, Montero A, Machado Tugores Y, Escario JA, Gómez Barrio A, Montero Pereira D, Nogal JJ, Kouznetsov VV, Ochoa Puentes C, Bohórquez AR, Grau R, Torrens F, Ibarra-Velarde F, Arán VJ. New antitrichomonal drug-like chemicals selected by bond (edge)-based TOMOCOMD-CARDD descriptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:785-94. [PMID: 18753687 DOI: 10.1177/1087057108323122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bond-based quadratic indices, new TOMOCOMD-CARDD molecular descriptors, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to discover novel lead trichomonacidals. The obtained LDA-based quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) models, using nonstochastic and stochastic indices, were able to classify correctly 87.91% (87.50%) and 89.01% (84.38%) of the chemicals in training (test) sets, respectively. They showed large Matthews correlation coefficients of 0.75 (0.71) and 0.78 (0.65) for the training (test) sets, correspondingly. Later, both models were applied to the virtual screening of 21 chemicals to find new lead antitrichomonal agents. Predictions agreed with experimental results to a great extent because a correct classification for both models of 95.24% (20 of 21) of the chemicals was obtained. Of the 21 compounds that were screened and synthesized, 2 molecules (chemicals G-1, UC-245) showed high to moderate cytocidal activity at the concentration of 10 microg/ml, another 2 compounds (G-0 and CRIS-148) showed high cytocidal activity only at the concentration of 100 microg/ml, and the remaining chemicals (from CRIS-105 to CRIS-153, except CRIS-148) were inactive at these assayed concentrations. Finally, the best candidate, G-1 (cytocidal activity of 100% at 10 microg/ml) was in vivo assayed in ovariectomized Wistar rats achieving promising results as a trichomonacidal drug-like compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Meneses-Marcel
- Unit of Computer-Aided Molecular Biosilico Discovery and Bioinformatic Research (CAMD-BIR Unit), Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacy, Central University of Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba
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11
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Marrero-Ponce Y, Meneses-Marcel A, Rivera-Borroto OM, García-Domenech R, De Julián-Ortiz JV, Montero A, Escario JA, Barrio AG, Pereira DM, Nogal JJ, Grau R, Torrens F, Vogel C, Arán VJ. Bond-based linear indices in QSAR: computational discovery of novel anti-trichomonal compounds. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2008; 22:523-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-008-9171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Marrero-Ponce Y, Meneses-Marcel A, Castillo-Garit JA, Machado-Tugores Y, Escario JA, Barrio AG, Pereira DM, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Arán VJ, Martínez-Fernández AR, Torrens F, Rotondo R, Ibarra-Velarde F, Alvarado YJ. Predicting antitrichomonal activity: A computational screening using atom-based bilinear indices and experimental proofs. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:6502-24. [PMID: 16875830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Existing Trichomonas vaginalis therapies are out of reach for most trichomoniasis people in developing countries and, where available, they are limited by their toxicity (mainly in pregnant women) and their cost. New antitrichomonal agents are needed to combat emerging metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis and reduce the side effects associated with currently available drugs. Toward this end, atom-based bilinear indices, a new TOMOCOMD-CARDD molecular descriptor, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to discover novel, potent, and non-toxic lead trichomonacidal chemicals. Two discriminant functions were obtained with the use of non-stochastic and stochastic atom-type bilinear indices for heteroatoms and H-bonding of heteroatoms. These atomic-level molecular descriptors were calculated using a weighting scheme that includes four atomic labels, namely atomic masses, van der Waals volumes, atomic polarizabilities, and atomic electronegativities in Pauling scale. The obtained LDA-based QSAR models, using non-stochastic and stochastic indices, were able to classify correctly 94.51% (90.63%) and 93.41% (93.75%) of the chemicals in training (test) sets, respectively. They showed large Matthews' correlation coefficients (C); 0.89 (0.79) and 0.87 (0.85), for the training (test) sets, correspondingly. The result of predictions on the 15% full-out cross-validation test also evidenced the robustness and predictive power of the obtained models. In addition, canonical regression analyses corroborated the statistical quality of these models (R(can) of 0.749 and of 0.845, correspondingly); they were also used to compute biological activity canonical scores for each compound. On the other hand, a close inspection of the molecular descriptors included in both equations showed that several of these molecular fingerprints are strongly interrelated with each other. Therefore, these models were orthogonalized using the Randić orthogonalization procedure. These classification functions were then applied to find new lead antitrichomonal agents and six compounds were selected as possible active compounds by computational screening. The designed compounds were synthesized and tested for in vitro activity against T. vaginalis. Out of the six compounds that were designed, and synthesized, three molecules (chemicals VA5-5a, VA5-5c, and VA5-12b) showed high to moderate cytocidal activity at the concentration of 10 microg/ml, other two compounds (VA5-8pre and VA5-8) showed high cytocidal and cytostatic activity at the concentration of 100 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml, correspondingly, and the remaining chemical (compound VA5-5e) was inactive at these assayed concentrations. Nonetheless, these compounds possess structural features not seen in known trichomonacidal compounds and thus can serve as excellent leads for further optimization of antitrichomonal activity. The LDA-based QSAR models presented here can be considered as a computer-assisted system that could potentially significantly reduce the number of synthesized and tested compounds and increase the chance of finding new chemical entities with antitrichomonal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovani Marrero-Ponce
- Institut Universitari de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, Edifici d'Instituts de Paterna, Poligon la Coma s/n (detras de Canal Nou), PO Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain.
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13
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Vega MC, Montero-Torres A, Marrero-Ponce Y, Rolón M, Gómez-Barrio A, Escario JA, Arán VJ, Nogal JJ, Meneses-Marcel A, Torrens F. New ligand-based approach for the discovery of antitrypanosomal compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1898-904. [PMID: 16455249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The antitrypanosomal activity of 10 already synthesized compounds was in silico predicted as well as in vitro and in vivo explored against Trypanosoma cruzi. For the computational study, an approach based on non-stochastic linear fingerprints to the identification of potential antichagasic compounds is introduced. Molecular structures of 66 organic compounds, 28 with antitrypanosomal activity and 38 having other clinical uses, were parameterized by means of the TOMOCOMD-CARDD software. A linear classification function was derived allowing the discrimination between active and inactive compounds with a confidence of 95%. As predicted, seven compounds showed antitrypanosomal activity (%AE>70) against epimastigotic forms of T. cruzi at a concentration of 100mug/mL. After an unspecific cytotoxic assay, three compounds were evaluated against amastigote forms of the parasite. An in vivo test was carried out for one of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Celeste Vega
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Montero-Torres A, Vega MC, Marrero-Ponce Y, Rolón M, Gómez-Barrio A, Escario JA, Arán VJ, Martínez-Fernández AR, Meneses-Marcel A. A novel non-stochastic quadratic fingerprints-based approach for the 'in silico' discovery of new antitrypanosomal compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 13:6264-75. [PMID: 16115770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Revised: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A non-stochastic quadratic fingerprints-based approach is introduced to classify and design, in a rational way, new antitrypanosomal compounds. A data set of 153 organic chemicals, 62 with antitrypanosomal activity and 91 having other clinical uses, was processed by a k-means cluster analysis to design training and predicting data sets. Afterwards, a linear classification function was derived allowing the discrimination between active and inactive compounds. The model classifies correctly more than 93% of chemicals in both training and external prediction groups. The predictability of this discriminant function was also assessed by a leave-group-out experiment, in which 10% of the compounds were removed at random at each time and their activity predicted a posteriori. In addition, a comparison with models generated using four well-known families of 2D molecular descriptors was carried out. As an experiment of virtual lead generation, the present TOMOCOMD approach was finally satisfactorily applied on the virtual evaluation of 10 already synthesized compounds. The in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of this series against epimastigotes forms of Trypanosomal cruzi was assayed. The model was able to predict correctly the behaviour of these compounds in 90% of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Montero-Torres
- Department of Synthesis and Drug Design, Chemical Bioactive Center, Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba.
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15
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Marrero-Ponce Y, Machado-Tugores Y, Pereira DM, Escario JA, Barrio AG, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Ochoa C, Arán VJ, Martínez-Fernández AR, Sánchez RNG, Montero-Torres A, Torrens F, Meneses-Marcel A. A computer-based approach to the rational discovery of new trichomonacidal drugs by atom-type linear indices. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2005; 2:245-65. [PMID: 16475921 DOI: 10.2174/157016305775202955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Computational approaches are developed to design or rationally select, from structural databases, new lead trichomonacidal compounds. First, a data set of 111 compounds was split (design) into training and predicting series using hierarchical and partitional cluster analyses. Later, two discriminant functions were derived with the use of non-stochastic and stochastic atom-type linear indices. The obtained LDA (linear discrimination analysis)-based QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) models, using non-stochastic and stochastic descriptors were able to classify correctly 95.56% (90.48%) and 91.11% (85.71%) of the compounds in training (test) sets, respectively. The result of predictions on the 10% full-out cross-validation test also evidenced the quality (robustness, stability and predictive power) of the obtained models. These models were orthogonalized using the Randic orthogonalization procedure. Afterwards, a simulation experiment of virtual screening was conducted to test the possibilities of the classification models developed here in detecting antitrichomonal chemicals of diverse chemical structures. In this sense, the 100.00% and 77.77% of the screened compounds were detected by the LDA-based QSAR models (Eq. 13 and Eq. 14, correspondingly) as trichomonacidal. Finally, new lead trichomonacidals were discovered by prediction of their antirichomonal activity with obtained models. The most of tested chemicals exhibit the predicted antitrichomonal effect in the performed ligand-based virtual screening, yielding an accuracy of the 90.48% (19/21). These results support a role for TOMOCOMD-CARDD descriptors in the biosilico discovery of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovani Marrero-Ponce
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacy, Chemical Bioactive Center, Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara, 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba.
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16
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Meneses-Marcel A, Marrero-Ponce Y, Machado-Tugores Y, Montero-Torres A, Pereira DM, Escario JA, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Ochoa C, Arán VJ, Martínez-Fernández AR, García Sánchez RN. A linear discrimination analysis based virtual screening of trichomonacidal lead-like compounds: Outcomes of in silico studies supported by experimental results. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3838-43. [PMID: 16005626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A computational (virtual) screening test to identify potential trichomonacidals has been developed. Molecular structures of trichomonacidal and non-trichomonacidal drugs were represented using stochastic and non-stochastic atom-based quadratic indices and a linear discrimination analysis (LDA) was trained to classify molecules regarding their antiprotozoan activity. Validation tests revealed that our LDA-QSAR models recognize at least 88.24% of trichomonacidal lead-like compounds and suggest using this methodology in virtual screening protocols. These classification functions were then applied to find new lead antitrichomonal compounds. In this connection, the biological assays of eight compounds, selected by computational screening using the present models, give good results (87.50% of good classification). In general, most of the compounds showed high activity against Trichomonas vaginalis at the concentration of 100 microg/ml and low cytotoxicity to this concentration. In particular, two heterocyclic derivatives (VA7-67 and VA7-69) maintained their efficacy at 10 microg/ml with an important trichomonacidal activity (100.00% of reduction), but it is remarkable that the compound VA7-67 did not show cytotoxic effects in macrophage cultivations. This result opens a door to a virtual study considering a higher variability of the structural core already evaluated, as well as of other chemicals not included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Meneses-Marcel
- Department of Parasitology, Chemical Bioactive Center, Central University of Las Villas, 54830 Villa Clara, Cuba
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17
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Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Gómez-Barrio A, Escario JA, Montero-Pereira D, Martínez-Fernández AR. Effect of piroxicam, metamizol, and S-adenosylmethionine in a murine model of experimental trichomoniasis. Parasite 2005; 12:79-83. [PMID: 15828587 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2005121079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological effects of piroxicam, metamizol, and S-adenosylmethionine (S-AMET) have been tested in NMRI mice infected intraperitoneally with Trichomonas vaginalis. An intraperitoneal treatment during ten preinfection days with piroxicam (10 mg/Kg/day), or metamizol (275 mg/Kg/day), but not with S-AMET (117 mg/Kg/day) induced a significant decrease of abdominal lesions and mortality, assessed by means of a pathogenicity index. The trichomonicidal activity of piroxicam, metamizol, and S-AMET was tested in vitro at the concentration of 300 microM, but found ineffective. These assays have shown the usefulness of the experimental trichomoniasis model for the study of the immunomodulating activity of synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Nogal-Ruiz
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Vega C, Rolón M, Martínez-Fernández AR, Escario JA, Gómez-Barrio A. A new pharmacological screening assay with Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes expressing beta-galactosidase. Parasitol Res 2005; 95:296-8. [PMID: 15682334 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-1300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new pharmacological screening assay for epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (clone CL-B5) that express the Escherichia coli LacZ gene. The assay is based on determining the activity of the cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase released into the culture on membrane lysis in the presence of the substrate chlorophenol red beta-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG). The experimental conditions were adjusted to find those in which the relationship between epimastigote number and CPRG absorbance was linear over the widest possible range. Absorbance was significantly correlated with the number epimastigote from 5x10(3) to 1.2x10(6) parasites/ml (r=0.98, P<0.01). The optimal final concentration of CPRG was 200 microM and the optimal incubation period was 6 h when parasites were incubated for 3 days. Once the assay was standardized, the trypanocidal activities of nifurtimox and benznidazole were determined both by CPRG assay and microscopic counting, demonstrating the methods utility for drug-screening. The efficacy obtained was comparable to that obtained with the manual method.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vega
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Aguirre G, Boiani M, Cerecetto H, Gerpe A, González M, Sainz YF, Denicola A, De Ocáriz CO, Nogal JJ, Montero D, Escario JA. Novel Antiprotozoal Products: Imidazole and BenzimidazoleN-Oxide Derivatives and Related Compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2004; 337:259-70. [PMID: 15095419 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200300840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and biological evaluation of the first anti-protozoa imidazole N-oxide and benzimidazole N-oxide and their derivatives are reported. They were tested in vitro against two different protozoa, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis. Derivative 7c, ethyl-1-(i-butyloxycarbonyloxy)-6-nitrobenzimid-azole-2-carboxylate, displayed activity on both protozoa. Lipophilicity and redox potential were experimentally determined in order to study the relationship with activity of the compounds. These properties are well related with the observed bioactivity. Imidazole and benzimidazole N-oxide derivatives are becoming leaders for further chemical modifications and advanced biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguirre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
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20
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Martínez-Grueiro MM, Montero-Pereira D, Giménez-Pardo C, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Escario JA, Gómez-Barrio A. Trichomonas vaginalis: Determination of Acid Phosphatase Activity as a Pharmacological Screening Procedure. J Parasitol 2003; 89:1076-7. [PMID: 14627165 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3129rn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple method to screen trichomonacides, based on the quantification of acid phosphatase (AP) activity, has been designed. Using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as chromogenic substrate, we first determined the optimal conditions for enzyme reaction. After seeding, a linear correlation between number of trichomonads and optical densities at 405 nm was obtained at 24 hr but not at 48 hr. Then, the inhibitory effect of metronidazole was assessed both by microscope counts and by AP determination. Similar values for 50% inhibitory concentrations (2.6 microM), with 95% confidence limits of 1.91-3.33 for microscopic and 2.21-3.05 for colorimetric method, were obtained. We concluded that the colorimetric method described in this investigation is suitable for pharmacological studies and for the screening of new, potential antitrichomonal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Martínez-Grueiro
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Gómez-Barrio A, Escario JA, Martínez-Fernández AR. Modulation by Polypodium leucotomos extract of cytokine patterns in experimental trichomoniasis model. Parasite 2003; 10:73-8. [PMID: 12669353 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2003101p73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulating effects of Anapsos, an aqueous hydrosoluble extract obtained from the rhizomes of the fern Polypodium leucotomos, on both pathogenicity and cytokine levels in serum (IFN-gamma/IL-4) were assayed in a Trichomonas vaginalis experimental model (BALB/c mice infected with 10(7) trichomonads and examined at day 15 after infection). Doses of 20 mg/kg/day administered for 10 days before the infection with the parasite induced a decrease of the experimental pathogenicity approximately 10-20% compared to controls. Gross histopathologic changes at abdominal organs and mortality rate, as a consequence of pathogenicity of the protozoa and the immune response of the host, were evaluated. IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines were determined on days -5, 0, 5, 10, and 15 postinfection by indirect ELISA. Treatment with PAL before infection modulates and downregulates the IFN-gamma concentration, while anticipates and upregulates the IL-4 level. The assays performed have showed the utility of the murine model of experimental trichomoniasis for the evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of synthetic or natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Nogal-Ruiz
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Le-Senne A, Muelas-Serrano S, Fernández-Portillo C, Escario JA, Gómez-Barrio A. Biological characterization of a beta-galactosidase expressing clone of Trypanosoma cruzi CL strain. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:1101-5. [PMID: 12563473 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clone CL B5 of Trypanosoma cruzi is a beta-galactosidase expressing organism that was genetically transfected to be used for in vitro pharmacological screening. Biological parameters were determined, evaluating growth kinetics of epimastigotes, metacyclogenesis, infectivity to mammalian cell lines, parasitemia kinetics in mice and sensibility to nifurtimox and benznidazole. Differences in relation to other strains and CL parental strain were found, the most important being the incapability to produce death to mice in spite of the high inoculum used. However, it possesses the required features to be used for in vitro drug screening. Data obtained demonstrate that heterogeneity of T. cruzi appears even among clones of the same strain, and that these differences found do not prevent the use of clone CL B5 for the purpose that was engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Le-Senne
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, España
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23
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Muelas S, Suárez M, Pérez R, Rodríguez H, Ochoa C, Escario JA, Gómez-Barrio A. In vitro and in vivo assays of 3,5-disubstituted-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thione derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:269-72. [PMID: 12016456 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity assays of 24 new 3,5-disubstituted-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thione derivatives were performed. The 17 compounds with higher anti-epimastigote activity and lower cytotoxicity were, thereafter, screened against amastigote of Trypanosoma cruzi. Out of these 17 derivatives S-2d was selected to be assayed in vivo, because of its remarkable trypanocidal properties. To determine toxicity against J774 macrophages, a method based on quantification of cell damage, after 24 h, was used. Cell respiration, an indicator of cell viability, was assessed by the reduction of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] to formazan. Anti-amastigote activity was estimated after 48 h by microscopic counts of May Grünwald-Giemsa-stained monolayers. Nifurtimox and benznidazole were used as reference drugs. For the in vivo experiences, mice were infected with 10(4) blood trypomastigotes and then treated during 15 days with S-2d or nifurtimox by oral route. All of the compounds were highly toxic at 100 micro g/ml for macrophages and a few of them maintained this cytotoxicity even at 10 microg/ml. Of the derivatives assayed against amastigotes 3k and S-2d showed an interesting activity, that was held even at 1microg/ml. It is demonstrated that the high anti-epimastigote activity previously reported is mainly due to the non-specific toxicity of these compounds. In vivo assays assessed a reduction of parasitemia after administration of S-2d to infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Muelas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
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24
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Muelas S, Di Maio R, Cerecetto H, Seoane G, Ochoa C, Escario JA, Gómez-Barrio A. New thiadiazine derivatives with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2002; 48:105-8. [PMID: 11437122 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of 18 new 1,2,6-thiadiazin-3,5-dione 1,1-dioxides was evaluated. This group of products was previously assayed against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and some of them showed a high antiprotozoal activity. Thereafter 13 compounds with a high anti-epimastigote activity and low cytotoxicity were selected to be assayed against amastigotes. Some of the products showed the same or even lower cytotoxicity than nifurtimox and benznidazole, but most of them were very toxic for macrophages at 100 microg/ml. Only one of the compounds had an anti-amastigote activity similar to that of reference drugs at 10 microg/ml, but unfortunately this disappeared at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muelas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Díaz RA, Escario JA, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Gómez-Barrio A. Relationship between biological behaviour and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 96:251-6. [PMID: 11285506 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762001000200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Once known some biological characteristics of six Trypanosoma cruzi strains, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was made. Cluster analysis by UPGMA (unweighted pair group method analysis) was then applied both to biological parameters and RAPD profiles. Inspection of the UPGMA phenograms indicates identical clusters, so supporting that usefulness of biological parameters to characterization of T. cruzi strains still remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Martínez-Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva (Parasitología), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
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Abstract
Biological parameters of five Trypanosoma cruzi strains from different sources were determined in order to know the laboratory behaviour of natural populations. The parameters evaluated were growth kinetics of epimastigotes, differentiation into metacyclic forms, infectivity in mammalian cells grown in vitro and parasite susceptibility to nifurtimox, benznidazole and gentian violet. Differences in transformation to metacyclic, in the percentage of infected cells as well as in the number of amastigotes per cell were observed among the strains. Regarding to pharmacological assays, Y strain was the most sensitive to the three assayed compounds. These data demonstrate the heterogeneity of natural populations of T. cruzi, the only responsible of infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Martínez-Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva (Parasitología), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
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Muelas-Serrano S, Nogal JJ, Martínez-Díaz RA, Escario JA, Martínez-Fernández AR, Gómez-Barrio A. In vitro screening of american plant extracts on Trypanosoma cruzi and trichomonas vaginalis. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 71:101-107. [PMID: 10904152 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
From the beginning of this decade and with the revival of the phytotherapy, biological research about immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal effects of Central and South American plants have been in progress. Our objective was to determine the antiprotozoal activity of 79 extracts from different plant families, including Asteraceae, Araceae, Moraceae, Solanaceae, Rhamnaceae, Zingiberaceae, Leguminosae and Sapotaceae. Once matching with herbarium specimens authenticated the plants, selected parts were separated, dried carefully and reduced to powder. Most of the screened extracts were aqueous. Two protozoa with different metabolic pathways, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis were used as experimental models. Trypanocidal activity of plants was assayed on epimastigote cultures in liver infusion tryptose (LIT). Anti-Trichomonas activity was determined over cultures of the parasite in Diamond medium. In both cases, microscopic counting of parasites, after their incubation in the presence of different concentrations of the crude extracts, were made in order to determine the cytocidal and cytostatic activities respect to control cultures. Of the nine extracts that showed antiprotozoal activity, those from Mikania cordifolia and Philodendron bipinnatifidum were then fractionated, and again, were assayed the organic and aqueous phases obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muelas-Serrano
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez Díaz RA, Escario JA, Nogal Ruiz JJ, Gómez Barrio A. Evaluation of drug activity against intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi employing enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Pharm Ther 2000; 25:43-7. [PMID: 10771462 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2000.00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe application of a new method for the evaluation of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity against intracellular forms. METHOD Vero fibroblasts in 96-well tissue culture plates were infected with trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. Amastigotes growth was estimated after 24 and 96 h both by microscopic counts of Giemsa-stained monolayers and enzyme-linked immunoIsorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA was performed directly on the fixed cultures using a rabbit anti-T. cruzi immunoIglobulin as the first antibody and a peroxidase-labelled antirabbit immunoglobulin as the second antibody. Three chemical series of structural analogous of gentian violet, thiadiazines and derivatives of 5-nitrothiophene-2-carbaldehyde as well as three reference compounds (nifurtimox, benznidazole and gentian violet) were then assayed. The anti-T. cruzi activity of all of them had been determined previously by microscopic counting of Giemsa-stained infected cultures. RESULTS None of the assayed compounds showed better activity than the reference ones, but the application of the enzyme immunoassay to quantify the inhibition of growth amastigotes is of great interest, as it yielded results comparable with microscopic counts. CONCLUSION ELISA can be applied to pharmacological screening, with some advantages over the microscopic examination, including possible automation, rapidity and objectivity in assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Martínez Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva (Parasitología), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
By using a reference strain of Trichomonas vaginalis and the intraperitoneal route for infecting animals, the influence of the strain of mice, the time observation and the inoculation doses were followed in order to standardize the optimal conditions for the evolution of experimental trichomoniasis. Our results suggest that the inoculation of BALB/c mice with 10(7) trichomonads and the semiquantitative assessment at day 15 postinfection of the gross-pathologic changes in the abdominal cavity--peritoneum, spleen, pancreas, stomach and liver--as well as the presence of ascitic fluid and mortality, maybe a suitable laboratory model of trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Nogal Ruiz
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, España
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Escario JA, Gómez Barrio A, Martínez Fernández AR. The relationship of experimental pathogenicity in vivo with in vitro cytoadherence and cytotoxicity of 6 different isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. Int J Parasitol 1995; 25:999-1000. [PMID: 8550301 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(95)00001-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The experimental pathogenic effects in vivo and in vitro of 6 different isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis were studied following their inoculation into NMRI mice and on to adherent cultures of HeLa cells. Contact between the parasite and the adherent monolayer of cells was necessary to induce the monolayer to detach. The strains which were more virulent to mice also showed a greater weighted index of adherence; the weighted index of cytotoxicity in vitro did not, on the other hand, correlate with experimental pathology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Escario
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Atienza J, Martínez Díaz RA, Gómez Barrio A, Escario JA, Herrero A, Ochoa C, Rodríguez J. Activity assays of thiadiazine derivatives on Trichomonas vaginalis and amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Chemotherapy 1992; 38:441-6. [PMID: 1288970 DOI: 10.1159/000239040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eight thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives were evaluated for antitrichomonal and antitrypanosomal activities. In vivo tests were performed on a murine model for trichomoniasis standardized in our laboratory. The capacity of compounds to clear visceral lesions in experimentally infected animals as well as their effects on the mortality time of mice were used as criteria for activity. One of the thiadiazines (compound 7b) showed an efficacy similar to that obtained with the reference drug metronidazole, although higher doses were required. Its toxicity on cell proliferation in tissue culture was moderate. In vitro assays on amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi were carried out using cultures of Vero cells infected with metacyclic trypomastigotes. For one compound (1) trypanocidal activity resembled that of nifurtimox as assessed by microscopic counts of infected and uninfected cells. Unfortunately, this compound showed a high degree of cytotoxicity on Vero cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Atienza
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
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Abstract
A series of ten 1-[(5-nitrothenylidene)amino]azoles has been synthesized by the reaction of 5-nitrothiophene-2-carbaldehyde with 1-aminopyrazole, 1-aminoimidazole, 1- and 4- amino-1,2,4-triazoles, 1-aminoindole, 1- and 2-aminoindazoles, 1-aminobenzimidazole and 1- and 2-aminobenzotriazoles. Physical data, spectroscopic characteristics and biological properties of all the derivatives have been examined. The antiprotozoal activity has been tested against Trypanosoma cruzi, comparative to Nifurtimox (Lampit).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mester
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Alcalde E, Maños L, Dinares I, Valls N, Elguero J, Escario JA, Martinez AR, Igea A, Osuna A, Ruiz-Perez LM. New derivatives of 5-nitroimidazole: synthesis and antiparasitic activity. Farmaco 1989; 44:1095-107. [PMID: 2701965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and the antiparasitic evaluation of twelve new 5-nitroimidaole derivatives has been carried out. The most effective compounds were the less hydrophilic pyridinium and imidazolium salts (IV), (V) and (X), and above all the tetrahydropyridine derivatives (XII) and (XIII).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alcalde
- Lab. Quimica Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, España
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Escario JA, Igea AM, Contreras M, Martinez-Fernandez AR, Claramunt R, Lopez C. Antiparasitic activity of nine pyrazole derivatives against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba invadens and Plasmodium berghei. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1988; 82:257-62. [PMID: 3074738 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1988.11812241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nine nitropyrazole derivatives were prepared and tested against Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro and in vivo, Entamoeba invadens in vitro and Plasmodium berghei in vivo. Three of the compounds, 4-4-nitropyrazole, 1-methyl-4-nitropyrazole and 4,4'-dinitro-1,1'-methylenedipyrazole, have an activity similar to that of metronidazole (used as the reference compound) against T. vaginalis and E. invadens after 48 hours of incubation. All the compounds tested were inactive against P. berghei.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Escario
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Arán VJ, Bielsa AG, Goya P, Ochoa C, Páez JA, Stud M, Contreras M, Escario JA, Jiménez MI, Durán EA. 3,5-Diamino-1,2,6-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives: synthesis and antiparasitic activity. Farmaco Sci 1986; 41:862-72. [PMID: 3803564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new 3,5-diamino-1,2,6-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives is described and their structures discussed on the basis of 1H and 13C-N.M.R. data. The antiparasitic activity of these and related compounds was evaluated. The bacterial mutagenicity of the parent compound (I) was studied.
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