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Castañeda-Arriaga R, Pérez-González A, Reina M, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Galano A. Comprehensive Investigation of the Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant Effects of Phenolic Compounds: A Double-Edged Sword in the Context of Oxidative Stress? J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6198-6214. [PMID: 29771524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a health-threatening process that is involved, at least partially, in the development of several diseases. Although antioxidants can be used as a chemical defense against OS, they might also exhibit pro-oxidant effects, depending on environmental conditions. In this work, such a dual behavior was investigated for phenolic compounds (PhCs) within the framework of the density functional theory and based on kinetic data. Multiple reaction mechanisms were considered in both cases. The presence of redox metals, the pH, and the possibility that PhCs might be transformed into benzoquinones were identified as key aspects in the antioxidant versus pro-oxidant effects of these compounds. The main virtues of PhCs as antioxidants are their radical trapping activity, their regeneration under physiological conditions, and their behavior as OH-inactivating ligands. The main risks of PhCs as pro-oxidants are predicted to be the role of phenolate ions in the reduction of metal ions, which can promote Fenton-like reactions, and the formation of benzoquinones that might cause protein arylation at cysteine sites. Although the benefits seem to overcome the hazards, to properly design chemical strategies against OS using PhCs, it is highly recommended to carefully explore their duality in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186 , Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , C.P. 09340 México City , México
| | - Adriana Pérez-González
- CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , C.P. 09340 México City , México
| | - Miguel Reina
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186 , Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , C.P. 09340 México City , México
| | - J Raúl Alvarez-Idaboy
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Física y Química Teórica , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , C.P. 04510 México City , México
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186 , Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , C.P. 09340 México City , México
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de-Oliveira JL, da-Silva IR, Ramis TR, Ferreira CV, Soares SM, Ribeiro JL, Dorneles GP, Wagner LC. Endothelial function and lipid profile of individuals with schizophrenia participating in a supported employment program. Rev Bras Med Trab 2018; 16:167-174. [PMID: 32270081 DOI: 10.5327/z1679443520180178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The social function of individuals with schizophrenia is usually poor and this population exhibits a sedentary lifestyle. Social participation, inclusion in the world of work in particular, might favorably interfere with the lives of these individuals by reducing sedentarism and improving their state of health. Objective To analyze the lipid profile and endothelial function markers among individuals with schizophrenia enrolled in a supported employment program. Methods Quantitative quasi-experimental study conducted with 14 individuals with schizophrenia enrolled in a labor inclusion program. Participants were assessed before enrolment (time-point 1) and one year later (time-point 2). Total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, serum nitrates and nitrites (endothelial function markers) were measured. The data were analyzed with software SPSS 20. Results The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels exhibited significant changes one year after inclusion in the labor market. HDL increased from 82.30 to 98.60 mg/dL (p<0.01) and LDL decreased from 54.50 to 44.45 mg/dL (p<0.02). The triglyceride and total cholesterol levels remained stable. The nitrate and nitrite level exhibited significant reduction from 15.20 to 14.48 µMol (p<0.01). Conclusion Participation in the supported employment program might have favorably influenced the participants' lipid profile and endothelial function. Nitrites have been described as mediators in the neural inflammatory process, and reduction of their levels is associated with better prognosis of chronic diseases such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Lectzow de-Oliveira
- Biosciences and Rehabilitation Mastering Course, Methodist University Center, IPA - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Ivy Reichert da-Silva
- Biosciences and Rehabilitation Mastering Course, Methodist University Center, IPA - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Thiago Rozales Ramis
- Biosciences and Rehabilitation Mastering Course, Methodist University Center, IPA - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Carmen Vera Ferreira
- Biosciences and Rehabilitation Mastering Course, Methodist University Center, IPA - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.,Center of Prevention and Intervention in Psychoses, Projeto Capacitar - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Soares
- Biosciences and Rehabilitation Mastering Course, Methodist University Center, IPA - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.,Center of Prevention and Intervention in Psychoses, Projeto Capacitar - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Jerri Luiz Ribeiro
- Biosciences and Rehabilitation Mastering Course, Methodist University Center, IPA - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | | | - Luciane Carniel Wagner
- Biosciences and Rehabilitation Mastering Course, Methodist University Center, IPA - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.,Constructo Psychoanalytic Training Course - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
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203
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204
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Bernatoniene J, Kopustinskiene DM. The Role of Catechins in Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040965. [PMID: 29677167 PMCID: PMC6017297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins are polyphenolic compounds—flavanols of the flavonoid family found in a variety of plants. Green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of these flavanols. Catechins have potent antioxidant properties, although in some cases they may act in the cell as pro-oxidants. Catechins are reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and metal ion chelators, whereas their indirect antioxidant activities comprise induction of antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes, and production of the phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress and ROS are implicated in aging and related dysfunctions, such as neurodegenerative disease, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Due to their antioxidant properties, catechins may be beneficial in preventing and protecting against diseases caused by oxidative stress. This article reviews the biochemical properties of catechins, their antioxidant activity, and the mechanisms of action involved in the prevention of oxidative stress-caused diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Dalia Marija Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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205
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Jochmans-Lemoine A, Revollo S, Villalpando G, Valverde I, Gonzales M, Laouafa S, Soliz J, Joseph V. Divergent Mitochondrial Antioxidant Activities and Lung Alveolar Architecture in the Lungs of Rats and Mice at High Altitude. Front Physiol 2018; 9:311. [PMID: 29670534 PMCID: PMC5893716 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with mice, adult rats living at 3,600 m above sea level (SL—La Paz, Bolivia) have high hematocrit, signs of pulmonary hypertension, and low lung volume with reduced alveolar surface area. This phenotype is associated with chronic mountain sickness in humans living at high altitude (HA). We tested the hypothesis that this phenotype is associated with impaired gas exchange and oxidative stress in the lungs. We used rats and mice (3 months old) living at HA (La Paz) and SL (Quebec City, Canada) to measure arterial oxygen saturation under graded levels of hypoxia (by pulse oximetry), the alveolar surface area in lung slices and the activity of pro- (NADPH and xanthine oxidases—NOX and XO) and anti- (superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase—SOD and GPx) oxidant enzymes in cytosolic and mitochondrial lung protein extracts. HA rats have a lower arterial oxygen saturation and reduced alveolar surface area compared to HA mice and SL rats. Enzymatic activities (NOX, XO, SOD, and GPx) in the cytosol were similar between HA and SL animals, but SOD and GPx activities in the mitochondria were 2–3 times higher in HA vs. SL rats, and only marginally higher in HA mice vs. SL mice. Furthermore, the maximum activity of cytochrome oxidase-c (COX) measured in mitochondrial lung extracts was also 2 times higher in HA rats compared with SL rats, while there was only a small increase in HA mice vs. SL mice. Interestingly, compared with SL controls, alterations in lung morphology are not observed for young rats at HA (15 days after birth), and enzymatic activities are only slightly altered. These results suggest that rats living at HA have a gradual reduction of their alveolar surface area beyond the postnatal period. We can speculate that the elevation of SOD, GPx, and COX activities in the lung mitochondria are not sufficient to compensate for oxidative stress, leading to damage of the lung tissue in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jochmans-Lemoine
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Susana Revollo
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriella Villalpando
- Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Ibana Valverde
- Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Marcelino Gonzales
- Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Sofien Laouafa
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Joseph
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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206
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Hlusicka J, Loster T, Lischkova L, Vaneckova M, Seidl Z, Diblik P, Kuthan P, Urban P, Navratil T, Kacer P, Zakharov S. Role of activation of lipid peroxidation in the mechanisms of acute methanol poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018; 56:893-903. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1455980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Hlusicka
- Toxicological Information Centre, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Loster
- Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Statistics and Probability, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Toxicological Information Centre, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Seidl
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Diblik
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kuthan
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Urban
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Navratil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kacer
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Zakharov
- Toxicological Information Centre, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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207
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Li X, Wu T, Yu Z, Li T, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cai M, Zhang W, Xiang J, Cai D. Apocynum venetum leaf extract reverses depressive-like behaviors in chronically stressed rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:394-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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208
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Zargar S, Al-Majed ARA, Wani TA. Potentiating and synergistic effect of grapefruit juice on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of aripiprazole against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:106. [PMID: 29566693 PMCID: PMC5865358 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dependence on antipsycotic drugs like aripriprazole (ARI) is increasing at alarming rate, hence, this study was undertaken to support the hypothesis that supplementation of Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) juice having high concentration of polyphenols might potentiate and synergize the therapeutic effect of ARI, by increasing its bioavailability and inherent antioxidant potential. These benefits together might decrease the daily dosage of the ARI and thus alleviate the possible side effects of drug. METHODS In this study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of ARI alone and in combination with GFJ was evaluated for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress in mice. Seventy mice (4 weeks old), were randomly divided into seven groups. Group I: Control; Group II: H2O2 treated; Group III; ARI treated; Group IV GFJ treated; Group V: GFJ and H2O2 treated; Group VI; ARI and H2O2 treated; Group VII; ARI, GFJ and H2O2 treated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine and total protein were measured. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations were also measured. RESULTS The mice group that was treated with ARI, GFJ or combination of the two showed significant improvement in the H2O2 altered parameters with the combination group showing more significant improvement than the ARI and GFJ alone groups indicating a synergistic and potentiating effect of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of GFJ on ARI. CONCLUSION Supplementing GFJ to ARI might increase an anti-oxidative potential of ARI due to inherent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of GFJ and thus could alleviate the possible dosage dependent side effects of ARI.
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209
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A comprehensive study of polyphenols contents and antioxidant potential of 39 widely used spices and food condiments. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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210
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Mert DG, Turgut NH, Arslanbas E, Gungor H, Kara H. The influence of quercetin on recognition memory and brain oxidative damage in a ketamine model of schizophrenia. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1442670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Guliz Mert
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nergiz Hacer Turgut
- Department of Pharmacology, Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Pharmacy, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Arslanbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Gungor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Haki Kara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
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211
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Chong YS, Mai CW, Leong CO, Wong LC. Lutein improves cell viability and reduces Alu RNA accumulation in hydrogen peroxide challenged retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2018; 37:52-60. [PMID: 28554225 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1335748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysfunction of the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzyme DICER1 and Alu RNA accumulation are linked to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study determined the optimal dose of lutein (LUT) and zeaxanthin (ZEA) to protect human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effect of the optimal dose of LUT and ZEA as DICER1 and Alu RNA modulators in cultured human RPE cells challenged with H2O2 was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with LUT, ZEA, or both for 24 h before 200 μM H2O2 challenge. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. DICER1 and Alu RNA were quantified by western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS H2O2 increased cell Alu RNA expression and decreased cell viability of ARPE-19, but had no significant impact on the DICER1 protein level. LUT, alone and in combination with ZEA pre-treatment, prior to H2O2 challenge significantly improved cell viability of ARPE-19 and reduced the level of Alu RNA compared to the negative control. CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of LUT alone, and in combination with ZEA, in AMD prevention and treatment. This study is also the first to report LUT modulating effects on Alu RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Sheng Chong
- a School of Medicine , International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Chun Wai Mai
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Chee Onn Leong
- c Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy , International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Lai Chun Wong
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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212
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Petrou AL, Petrou PL, Ntanos T, Liapis A. A Possible Role for Singlet Oxygen in the Degradation of Various Antioxidants. A Meta-Analysis and Review of Literature Data. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E35. [PMID: 29495515 PMCID: PMC5874521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamic parameters Eact, ΔH≠, ΔS≠, and ΔG≠ for various processes involving antioxidants were calculated using literature kinetic data (k, T). The ΔG≠ values of the antioxidants' processes vary in the range 91.27-116.46 kJmol-1 at 310 K. The similarity of the ΔG≠ values (for all of the antioxidants studied) is supported to be an indication that a common mechanism in the above antioxidant processes may be taking place. A value of about 10-30 kJmol-1 is the activation energy for the diffusion of reactants depending on the reaction and the medium. The energy 92 kJmol-1 is needed for the excitation of O₂ from the ground to the first excited state (¹Δg, singlet oxygen). We suggest the same role of the oxidative stress and specifically of singlet oxygen to the processes of antioxidants as in the processes of proteinaceous diseases. We therefore suggest a competition between the various antioxidants and the proteins of proteinaceous diseases in capturing singlet oxygen's empty π* orbital. The concentration of the antioxidants could be a crucial factor for the competition. Also, the structures of the antioxidant molecules play a significant role since the various structures have a different number of regions of high electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athinoula L Petrou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros L Petrou
- Private practice in Cardiology, 6-8 Acheans Street, Nicosia 1101, Cyprus.
| | - Theodoros Ntanos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Antonis Liapis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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213
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Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:483-496. [PMID: 30302329 PMCID: PMC6174265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are known to mitigate radical induced cell damage. Hence identification and scientific validation of herbal medicines contribute to better use in Ayurvedic/Unani research. In the present study, we investigated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis (C. pluricaulis). C. pluricaulis exhibited antioxidant potential evident by free radical scavenging activities. C. pluricaulis pretreatment inhibited H2O2 induced macromolecule damage such as plasmid DNA damage and AAPH induced oxidation of bovine serum albumin and lipid peroxidation of rat hepatic tissues. Further to identify the neuroprotective properties of C. pluricaulis, SHSY5Y cells were treated with H2O2 with or without pretreatment of C. pluricaulis. The C. pluricaulis pretreatment at 50 μg/ml dose exhibited 50% cell survival against 100 μM H2O2 challenge for 24 h and it also decreased the lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Further C. pluricaulis pretreatment restored and regulated the antioxidant and apoptosis markers such as SOD, CAT, p53, and caspase-3 and inhibited, reactive oxygen species generation and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. C. pluricaulis possess a high content of flavonoids and polyphenols and GC-MS and FTIR analysis showed a wide variety of compounds which may contribute to the observed effects.
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214
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Liaquat L, Batool Z, Sadir S, Rafiq S, Shahzad S, Perveen T, Haider S. Naringenin-induced enhanced antioxidant defence system meliorates cholinergic neurotransmission and consolidates memory in male rats. Life Sci 2018; 194:213-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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215
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Visentin C, Pellistri F, Natalello A, Vertemara J, Bonanomi M, Gatta E, Penco A, Relini A, De Gioia L, Airoldi C, Regonesi ME, Tortora P. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and related phenol compounds redirect the amyloidogenic aggregation pathway of ataxin-3 towards non-toxic aggregates and prevent toxicity in neural cells and Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. Hum Mol Genet 2018. [PMID: 28633380 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein ataxin-3 (ATX3) triggers an amyloid-related neurodegenerative disease when its polyglutamine stretch is expanded beyond a critical threshold. We formerly demonstrated that the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could redirect amyloid aggregation of a full-length, expanded ATX3 (ATX3-Q55) towards non-toxic, soluble, SDS-resistant aggregates. Here, we have characterized other related phenol compounds, although smaller in size, i.e. (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGC), and gallic acid (GA). We analysed the aggregation pattern of ATX3-Q55 and of the N-terminal globular Josephin domain (JD) by assessing the time course of the soluble protein, as well its structural features by FTIR and AFM, in the presence and the absence of the mentioned compounds. All of them redirected the aggregation pattern towards soluble, SDS-resistant aggregates. They also prevented the appearance of ordered side-chain hydrogen bonding in ATX3-Q55, which is the hallmark of polyQ-related amyloids. Molecular docking analyses on the JD highlighted three interacting regions, including the central, aggregation-prone one. All three compounds bound to each of them, although with different patterns. This might account for their capability to prevent amyloidogenesis. Saturation transfer difference NMR experiments also confirmed EGCG and EGC binding to monomeric JD. ATX3-Q55 pre-incubation with any of the three compounds prevented its calcium-influx-mediated cytotoxicity towards neural cells. Finally, all the phenols significantly reduced toxicity in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain expressing an expanded ATX3. Overall, our results show that the three polyphenols act in a substantially similar manner. GA, however, might be more suitable for antiamyloid treatments due to its simpler structure and higher chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Visentin
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vertemara
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonanomi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatta
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Amanda Penco
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Relini
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria E Regonesi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortora
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
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216
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Reina M, Martínez A. A new free radical scavenging cascade involving melatonin and three of its metabolites (3OHM, AFMK and AMK). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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217
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Antioxidant action of grape seed polyphenols and aerobic exercise in improving neuronal number in the hippocampus is associated with decrease in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in adult and middle-aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2018; 101:101-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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218
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Metallomics Applied to the Study of Neurodegenerative and Mental Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1055:21-37. [PMID: 29884960 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90143-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical imbalances, provoked by aging or a secondary illness, might directly affect the brain, causing severe problems, such as loss of memory or alteration of behavior patterns. Brain disorders are usually classified as injuries (such as stroke, hematomas, and concussions), tumors, and neurodegenerative (such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and mental (such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) diseases. As the pathophysiology of these illnesses is not completely established and multiple factors are involved, metallomics, a bioanalytical strategy that allows the detection of metal ions and metalloproteins in diverse biological matrices, is of extreme relevance in identifying which elements are affected by a disease and/or treatment. Thus, determining which element ions suffer disturbances in their homeostasis during the disease progress is relevant to understand the biochemical changes and propose new drug targets. In addition, it is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of pathological neurodegenerative and mental diseases, which may be caused by metal ion dyshomeostasis, so it is also important to understand endogenous antioxidant metalloprotein and metalloenzyme mechanisms in this regard. In this context, recent applications of metallomics in the study of neurodegenerative and mental disorders are discussed in this chapter, as well as future trends in this research area.
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219
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Grochowski C, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Maciejewski R. Oxidative stress in cerebral small vessel disease. Role of reactive species. Free Radic Res 2017; 52:1-13. [PMID: 29166803 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a wide term describing the condition affecting perforating arterial branches as well as arterioles, venules, and capillaries. Cerebral vascular net is one of the main targets of localised oxidative stress processes causing damage to vasculature, changes in the blood flow and blood-brain barrier and, in consequence, promoting neurodegenerative alterations in the brain tissue. Numerous studies report the fact of oxidation to proteins, sugars, lipids and nucleic acids, occurring in most neurodegenerative diseases mainly in the earliest stages and correlations with the development of cognitive and motor disturbances. The dysfunction of endothelium can be caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms as a result of reactions and processes generating extensive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production such as high blood pressure, oxidised low density lipoproteins (oxLDL), very low density lipoproteins (vLDL), diabetes, homocysteinaemia, smoking, and infections. Several animal studies show positive aspects of ROS, especially within cerebral vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Grochowski
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland.,b Department of Human Anatomy , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Jakub Litak
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- b Department of Human Anatomy , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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220
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Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in schizophrenia: The dawn of new therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:589-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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221
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BACANLI M, BAŞARAN N, BAŞARAN AA. Lycopene: Is it Beneficial to Human Health as an Antioxidant? Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:311-318. [PMID: 32454630 PMCID: PMC7227929 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.43043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that free oxygen radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of several chronic disorders. Antioxidants are known as potential scavengers of reactive oxygen species that can protect biologic membranes against oxidative damage. Recent interest in phytochemicals has increased because of their protective effects against free oxygen radicals. Lycopene, which belongs to the carotenoid family, is the most effective singlet oxygen scavenger in vitro of all the carotenoids. Foods that contain lycopene and related supplements have been reported to prevent chronic diseases including cancer, asthma, and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the article was to give a brief review of the antioxidant properties and beneficial health effects of lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve BACANLI
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen BAŞARAN
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Ahmet BAŞARAN
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
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222
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Liu XL, Wang YD, Yu XM, Li DW, Li GR. Mitochondria-mediated damage to dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:615-623. [PMID: 29207041 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in virtually all eukaryotic cells, and are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Besides the generation of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, mitochondria are also involved in calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species production and the activation of the intrinsic cell death pathway, thus determining cell survival and death. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been implicated in a wide range of disorders, including neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD), and considered as a primary cause and central event responsible for the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Thus, reversion or attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction should alleviate the severity or progression of the disease. The present review systematically summarizes the possible mechanisms associated with mitochondria‑mediated dopaminergic neuron damage in PD, in an attempt to elucidate the requirement for further studies for the development of effective PD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 132021, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Di Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ming Yu
- Department of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ren Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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223
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Mao XY, Jin MZ, Chen JF, Zhou HH, Jin WL. Live or let die: Neuroprotective and anti-cancer effects of nutraceutical antioxidants. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:137-151. [PMID: 29055715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diet sources are closely involved in the pathogenesis of diverse neuropsychiatric disorders and cancers, in addition to inherited factors. Currently, natural products or nutraceuticals (commonly called medical foods) are increasingly employed for adjunctive therapy of these patients. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of the nutrient efficacy remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the neuroprotective and anti-cancer mechanisms of nutraceuticals. It was concluded that the nutraceuticals exerted neuroprotection and suppressed tumor growth possibly through the differential modulations of redox homeostasis. In addition, the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS elimination was manipulated by multiple molecular mechanisms, including cell signaling pathways, inflammation, transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modulation, which were involved in the therapeutic potential of nutraceutical antioxidants against neurological diseases and cancers. We specifically proposed that ROS scavenging was integral in the neuroprotective potential of nutraceuticals, while alternation of ROS level (either increase or decrease) or disruption of redox homeostasis (ROS addiction) constituted the anti-cancer property of these compounds. We also hypothesized that ROS-associated ferroptosis, a novel type of lipid ROS-dependent regulatory cell death, was likely to be a critical mechanism for the nutraceutical antioxidants. Targeting ferroptosis is advantageous to develop new nutraceuticals with more effective and lower adverse reactions for curing patients with neuropsychiatric diseases or carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| | - Ming-Zhu Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Jin-Fei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
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224
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Syed F, Awasthi KK, Chandravanshi LP, Verma R, Rajawat NK, Khanna VK, John PJ, Soni I. Bifenthrin-induced neurotoxicity in rats: involvement of oxidative stress. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 7:48-58. [PMID: 30090562 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of synthetic pyrethroids has resulted in serious human health issues. Induction of oxidative stress is an important mechanism of action of most pesticides including pyrethroids. In the present study, we have elucidated the possible role of oxidative stress in bifenthrin-induced neurotoxicity. Adult male Wistar rats were administered bifenthrin (3.5 and 7 mg per kg body weight p.o.) for 30 days. Behavioral studies were conducted on a set of randomly selected rats from each treatment group after completion of treatment. Neurochemical parameters were assessed 24 h after the last dose was administered. The selected behavioral and neurochemical endpoints were also assessed 15 days after cessation of exposure to reveal whether the neurobehavioral changes produced by bifenthrin were temporary or permanent. Deficits in motor activity, motor incoordination, and cognitive impairment were observed after exposure to bifenthrin. Levels of biogenic amines viz. dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, i.e. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), epinephrine (EPN), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) altered in the frontal cortex, corpus striatum, and hippocampus of bifenthrin-treated rats. A decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) occurred in all regions of the brain. Both doses of bifenthrin significantly induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased protein carbonyl levels in the frontal cortex, corpus striatum, and hippocampus of rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e. catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, were also suppressed in all selected regions of the brain. A trend of recovery was, however, observed in all the behavioral and neurochemical endpoints 15 days after withdrawal of exposure. Oxidative stress seems to play an important role in bifenthrin-induced neurotoxicity. Our study suggests that long-term exposure to these compounds can produce detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Syed
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957.,Department of Zoology , Kanoria PG Mahila Mahavidyalaya , Jaipur , 302004 , India
| | - Kumud K Awasthi
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957.,National Institute of Animal Welfare , Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change , Ballabhgarh-121004 , India
| | - Lalit P Chandravanshi
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Post Box 80 , MG Marg , Lucknow , 226001 , India.,Biochemistry Section , Department of Zoology , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , 221005 , India
| | - Rajbala Verma
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957
| | - Neelu K Rajawat
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Post Box 80 , MG Marg , Lucknow , 226001 , India
| | - P J John
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957
| | - Inderpal Soni
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957
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225
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Murphy NP, Lampe KJ. Fabricating PLGA microparticles with high loads of the small molecule antioxidant N-acetylcysteine that rescue oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from oxidative stress. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:246-256. [PMID: 28872660 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), encompassing all oxygen radical or non-radical oxidizing agents, play key roles in disease progression. Controlled delivery of antioxidants is therapeutically relevant in such oxidant-stressed environments. Encapsulating small hydrophilic molecules into hydrophobic polymer microparticles via traditional emulsion methods has long been a challenge due to rapid mass transport of small molecules out of particle pores. We have developed a simple alteration to the existing water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) drug encapsulation method that dramatically improves loading efficiency: doping external water phases with drug to mitigate drug diffusion out of the particle during fabrication. PLGA microparticles with diameters ranging from 0.6 to 0.9 micrometers were fabricated, encapsulating high loads of 0.6-0.9 µm diameter PLGA microparticles were fabricated, encapsulating high loads of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and released active, ROS-scavenging NAC for up to 5 weeks. Encapsulation efficiencies, normalized to the theoretical load of traditional encapsulation without doping, ranged from 96% to 400%, indicating that NAC-loaded external water phases not only prevented drug loss due to diffusion, but also doped the particles with additional drug. Antioxidant-doped particles positively affected the metabolism of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) under H2 O2 -mediated oxidative stress when administered both before (protection) or after (rescue) injury. Antioxidant doped particles improved outcomes of OPCs experiencing multiple doses of H2 O2 by increasing the intracellular glutathione content and preserving cellular viability relative to the injury control. Furthermore, antioxidant-doped particles preserve cell number, number of process extensions, cytoskeletal morphology, and nuclear size of H2 O2 -stressed OPCs relative to the injury control. These NAC-doped particles have the potential to provide temporally-controlled antioxidant therapy in neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) that are characterized by continuous oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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226
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Processing Challenges and Opportunities of Camel Dairy Products. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2017; 2017:9061757. [PMID: 29109953 PMCID: PMC5646346 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9061757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A review on the challenges and opportunities of processing camel milk into dairy products is provided with an objective of exploring the challenges of processing and assessing the opportunities for developing functional products from camel milk. The gross composition of camel milk is similar to bovine milk. Nonetheless, the relative composition, distribution, and the molecular structure of the milk components are reported to be different. Consequently, manufacturing of camel dairy products such as cheese, yoghurt, or butter using the same technology as for dairy products from bovine milk can result in processing difficulties and products of inferior quality. However, scientific evidence points to the possibility of transforming camel milk into products by optimization of the processing parameters. Additionally, camel milk has traditionally been used for its medicinal values and recent scientific studies confirm that it is a rich source of bioactive, antimicrobial, and antioxidant substances. The current literature concerning product design and functional potential of camel milk is fragmented in terms of time, place, and depth of the research. Therefore, it is essential to understand the fundamental features of camel milk and initiate detailed multidisciplinary research to fully explore and utilize its functional and technological properties.
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227
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Yew PN, Lee WL, Lim YY. Antioxidant and Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species/Reactive Nitrogen Species Scavenging Activities of Three Porcupine Bezoars from Hystrix brachyura. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:366-371. [PMID: 29263630 PMCID: PMC5717789 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_145_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcupine dates are phytobezoar stones that are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatments against cancer, postsurgical recovery, dengue fever, etc. The medicinal values have not been scientifically investigated due to the availability and high pricing of the dates. OBJECTIVES This paper represents the first report on the phytochemical content, in vitro antioxidant and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenging properties of the extracts of three porcupine dates: grassy date (GD), black date (BD), and powdery date (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried samples were extracted with methanol and lyophilized. Samples were screened for phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant assays based on total phenolic content (TPC), free radical scavenging, and ferric reducing power (FRP) as well as intracellular ROS and RNS scavenging properties. RESULTS Phytochemical screening and total tannins assay revealed that tannins, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids were found in all porcupine dates with tannins forming the major portion of the TPC. In comparison to GD, BD and PD were found to contain significantly high TPC, radical scavenging activity, and FRP. At 200 μg/ml, BD and PD remarkably scavenged 2, 2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced ROS in RAW264.7 cells and significantly reduced nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. CONCLUSION Overall, BD and PD exhibited promising in vitro antioxidant as well as intracellular ROS/RNS scavenging properties. SUMMARY Tannins, cardiac glycoside, and terpenoids were found in all three types of porcupine dates with tannins being the major compoundsAntioxidant contents and properties of three dates were in the order black date (BD) > powdery date (PD) > grassy dateBD and PD extracts showed significant intracellular reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species scavenging properties. Abbreviations Used: TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine, BD: Black date, GD: Grassy date, PD: Powdery date, TPC: Total phenolic content, FRS: Free radical scavenging, FRP: Ferric reducing power, NO: Nitric oxide, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, RNS: Reactive nitrogen species, GAE: Gallic acid equivalent, AAE: Ascorbic acid equivalent, PVPP: Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, DCFH-DA: Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate, AAPH: 2, 2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Nilan Yew
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yau Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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228
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Sadek KM, Lebda MA, Abouzed TK, Nasr SM, Shoukry M. Neuro- and nephrotoxicity of subchronic cadmium chloride exposure and the potential chemoprotective effects of selenium nanoparticles. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1659-1673. [PMID: 28660360 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with Cd-induced neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have high bioavailability and antioxidant activities so it attracted wide spread attention. The present study examined the possible ameliorative effect of Se-NPs with diameters of 3-5 nm and 10-20 nm against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced neuro- and nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were treated with Se-NPs (0 or 0.5 mg/kg BW, s.c.) one hour prior to the CdCl2 (0 or 5 mg/kg BW, p.o.). Pretreatment with Se-NPs significantly decreased CdCl2-induced elevation of serum kidney and brain damage biomarkers; lipid peroxidation; the percent of DNA fragmentation and nearly normalized the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and significantly increased the activity and expression of antioxidant biomarkers in the RNA and protein levels. Se-NPs also attenuated CdCl2-induced upregulation of kidney and brain pro-apoptotic B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 associated X (Bax) RNA and protein levels with preventing the increased body burden of Cd and the altered Fe and Cu homeostasis. Histopathological analysis confirmed the biochemical and molecular outcomes. Our data stated that Se-NPs appear to be effective in ameliorating the adverse neurological and nephrotoxic effects induced by CdCl2 partially through the scavenging of free radicals, metal ion chelation, averting apoptosis and altering the cell-protective pathways. The results indicated that Se-NPs could potentially included as an additive to Cd-based industries to control Cd-induced brain and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek K Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Nasr
- Department of Veterinary Genetics and Molecular biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Shoukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
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229
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Kıvrak EG, Yurt KK, Kaplan AA, Alkan I, Altun G. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017; 5:167-176. [PMID: 30023251 PMCID: PMC6025786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological devices have become essential components of daily life. However, their deleterious effects on the body, particularly on the nervous system, are well known. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have various chemical effects, including causing deterioration in large molecules in cells and imbalance in ionic equilibrium. Despite being essential for life, oxygen molecules can lead to the generation of hazardous by-products, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), during biological reactions. These reactive oxygen species can damage cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. Antioxidant defense systems exist in order to keep free radical formation under control and to prevent their harmful effects on the biological system. Free radical formation can take place in various ways, including ultraviolet light, drugs, lipid oxidation, immunological reactions, radiation, stress, smoking, alcohol and biochemical redox reactions. Oxidative stress occurs if the antioxidant defense system is unable to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals. Several studies have reported that exposure to EMF results in oxidative stress in many tissues of the body. Exposure to EMF is known to increase free radical concentrations and traceability and can affect the radical couple recombination. The purpose of this review was to highlight the impact of oxidative stress on antioxidant systems. Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP, heat shock protein; EMF/RFR, electromagnetic frequency and radiofrequency exposures; ELF-EMFs, exposure to extremely low frequency; MEL, melatonin; FA, folic acid; MDA, malondialdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfide Gizem Kıvrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Işınsu Alkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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230
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Li D, Wang N, Zhang J, Ma S, Zhao Z, Ellis EM. Hepatoprotective effect of 7-Hydroxycoumarin against Methyl glyoxal toxicity via activation of Nrf2. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 276:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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231
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Fernandes TB, Cunha MR, Sakata RP, Candido TM, Baby AR, Tavares MT, Barbosa EG, Almeida WP, Parise-Filho R. Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Evaluation of Novel Sulfonylhydrazones as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28940630 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and related to the degeneration of hippocampal cholinergic neurons, which dramatically affects cognitive ability. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are employed as drugs for AD therapy. Three series of sulfonylhydrazone compounds were designed, and their ability to inhibit AChE was evaluated. Fifteen compounds were synthesized and twelve of them had IC50 values of 0.64-51.09 μM. The preliminary structure-activity relationships indicated that the methylcatechol moiety and arylsulfonyl substituents generated better compounds than both the benzodioxole and alkylsulfonyl chains. Molecular dynamics studies of compound 6d showed that the interaction with the peripheral binding site of AChE was similar to donepezil, which may explain its low IC50 (0.64 μM). Furthermore, the drug-likeness of 6d suggests that the compound may have appropriate oral absorption and brain penetration. Compound 6d also presented antiradical activity and was not cytotoxic to LL24 cells, suggesting that this compound might be considered safe. Our findings indicate that arylsulfonylhydrazones may be a promising scaffold for the design of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Fernandes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Micael R Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata P Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thalita M Candido
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André R Baby
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício T Tavares
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Euzébio G Barbosa
- Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Wanda P Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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232
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Li Y, Li S, Lin SJ, Zhang JJ, Zhao CN, Li HB. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Exotic Gordonia axillaris Fruit: Optimization and Identification of Phenolic Compounds. Molecules 2017; 22:E1481. [PMID: 28878178 PMCID: PMC6151393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that the fruit of Gordonia axillaris , an edible wild fruit, possessed strong antioxidant activity. In this study, a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was established to extract antioxidants from the fruit of Gordonia axillaris . The influence of five parameters, including ethanol concentration, solvent/material ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature and microwave power, was investigated by single-factor experiments. Three factors, namely ethanol concentration, solvent/material ratio, extraction time, were found to exert a major influence on extraction efficacy, and were further studied by response surface methodology to investigate their interactions. Ethanol concentration of 36.89%, solvent/material ratio of 29.56 mL/g, extraction time of 71.04 min, temperature of 40 °C, and microwave power of 400 W were found to be the optimal condition. The TEAC value was 198.16 ± 5.47 µmol Trolox/g DW under the optimal conditions, which was in conformity to the predicted value (200.28 µmol Trolox/g DW). In addition, the MAE method was compared with two conventional methods (Soxhlet extraction and maceration extraction). Results showed that the antioxidant capacity of the extract obtained by MAE method was stronger than that obtained by maceration (168.67 ± 3.88 µmol Trolox/g DW) or Soxhlet extraction (114.09 ± 2.01 µmol Trolox/g DW). Finally, several phenolic compounds in the extract were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS, which were rutin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, 2-hydrocinnamic acid, p -coumaric acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Sheng-Jun Lin
- Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongshan 528403, China.
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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233
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Jittiwat J. Laser Acupuncture at GV20 Improves Brain Damage and Oxidative Stress in Animal Model of Focal Ischemic Stroke. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2017; 10:324-330. [PMID: 29078967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of stroke is high and is continually increasing due to a dramatic growth in the world's elderly population. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore required. The present study sought to determine the effect of laser acupuncture at GV20 on brain damage, oxidative-status markers in the cerebral cortex, and superoxide dismutase in the mitochondria of an animal model of focal ischemic stroke. Wistar rats, weighing 300-350 g, were divided into the following four groups: (1) control; (2) permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO) alone; (3) Rt.MCAO plus sham laser acupuncture; and (4) Rt.MCAO plus laser-acupuncture groups. Sham laser acupuncture or laser acupuncture was performed once daily at the GV20 (Baihui) acupoint for 14 days following Rt.MCAO. Half of the rats in each group were examined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining to determine the brain infarct volume, while the other half were examined by biochemical assays to determine the malondialdehyde level, and the glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide-dismutase activities in the brain-cortex mitochondria. The results showed that laser acupuncture at GV20 significantly decreased the brain infarct volume and malondialdehyde level, and increased the catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide-dismutase activities in cerebral ischemic rats. In conclusion, laser acupuncture at GV20 decreases the brain infarct volume in cerebral ischemic rats, at least in part due to decreased oxidative stress. Further study is warranted to investigate other possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand; Integrative Complimentary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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234
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Xu W, Li F, Xu Z, Sun B, Cao J, Liu Y. Role of Peroxiredoxin 2 in the Protection Against Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Injury in PC12 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:735-745. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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235
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Reeta K, Singh D, Gupta Y. Chronic treatment with taurine after intracerebroventricular streptozotocin injection improves cognitive dysfunction in rats by modulating oxidative stress, cholinergic functions and neuroinflammation. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:146-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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236
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Dominiak A, Wilkaniec A, Jęśko H, Czapski GA, Lenkiewicz AM, Kurek E, Wroczyński P, Adamczyk A. Selol, an organic selenium donor, prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in the rat brain. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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237
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Adam AMA, Naglah AM, Al-Omar MA, Refat MS. Synthesis of a new insulin-mimetic anti-diabetic drug containing vitamin A and vanadium(IV) salt: Chemico-biological characterizations. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:272-281. [PMID: 28731364 PMCID: PMC5815261 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017719601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes patients suffer from chronic disorders in the metabolism due to high blood sugar caused by anomalies in insulin excretion. Recently, vanadium compounds have been prepared and functionalized to decrease the level of hyperglycemia. Vitamin A boosts beta cell activity; therefore, the lack of this vitamin plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this article focused on the synthesis of a new anti-diabetic drug formed from the complexation of a vanadium(IV) salt with vitamin A. Vitamin A acts as a unidentate chelate through the oxygen of its -OH group. The vanadium(IV) compound is surrounded by two vitamin A molecules. The [VO(vitamin A)2(H2O)2] compound was synthesized in a binary solvent system consisting of MeOH/H2O (1:1 ratio) in alkaline media at pH = 8. This compound was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), electronic spectra (UV-vis), effective magnetic moment, electron spin resonance (ESR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal analysis (thermogravimetry (TG)-differential thermal analysis (DTA)). Anti-diabetic efficiency for the vanadium(IV) compound was assessed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The results of the animal studies demonstrate the ability of the vanadium(IV) complex to act as an anti-diabetic agent, as measured by improvements of lipid profile, antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, methionine synthase, and kidney and liver functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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238
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Andrade EB, Martínez A. Free radical scavenger properties of metal-fullerenes: C 60 and C 82 with Cu, Ag and Au (atoms and tetramers). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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239
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Pérez-González A, Galano A, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Radical-trapping and preventive antioxidant effects of 2-hydroxymelatonin and 4-hydroxymelatonin: Contributions to the melatonin protection against oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2206-2217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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240
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Enhancement of Antioxidant Mechanisms and Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Chickens after the Administration of Drinking Water Enriched with Polyphenolic Powder from Olive Mill Waste Waters. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8273160. [PMID: 29138680 PMCID: PMC5613686 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8273160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a polyphenolic powder from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) administered through drinking water, on chickens' redox status. Thus, 75 chickens were divided into three groups. Group A was given just drinking water, while groups B and C were given drinking water containing 20 and 50 μg/ml of polyphenols, respectively, for 45 days. The antioxidant effects of the polyphenolic powder were assessed by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers in blood after 25 and 45 days of treatment. These markers were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (CARB), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in plasma, and glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity in erythrocytes. The results showed that CARB and TBARS were decreased significantly in groups B and C, and SOD decreased in group B compared to that in group A. TAC was increased significantly in group C and GSH was increased in group B, while catalase activity was increased in groups B and C compared to that in group A. In conclusion, this is the first study showing that supplementation of chickens with polyphenols from OMWW through drinking water enhanced their antioxidant mechanisms and reduced oxidative stress-induced damage.
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241
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Yassen NN, Khadrawy YA, El-Toukhy SE, Sleem AA. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors protect against brain and liver damage caused by acute malathion intoxication. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:773-786. [PMID: 28942826 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, on oxidative stress and tissue damage in brain and liver and on DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in malathion intoxicated rats. METHODS Malathion (150 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) along with l-NAME or 7-NI (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and rats were euthanized 4 h later. The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (nitrite), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were measured in both brain and liver. Moreover, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glucose concentrations were determined in brain. Liver enzyme determination, Comet assay, histopathological examination of brain and liver sections and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemistry were also performed. RESULTS (i) Rats treated with only malathion exhibited increased nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) accompanied with a decrease in GSH content, and PON-1 activity in brain and liver. Glutathione peroxidase activity, TAC, glucose concentrations, AChE and BChE activities were decreased in brain. There were also raised liver aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and increased DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes (Comet assay). Malathion caused marked histopathological changes and increased the expression of iNOS in brain and liver tissues. (ii) In brain of malathion-intoxicated rats, l-NAME or 7-NI resulted in decreased nitrite and MDA contents while increasing TAC and PON1 activity. Reduced GSH and GPx activity showed an increase by l-NAME. AChE activity increased by 20 mg/kg l-NAME and 10 mg/kg 7-NI. AChE activity decreased by the higher dose of 7-NI while either dose of 7-NI resulted in decreased BChE activity. (iii) In liver of malathion-intoxicated rats, decreased MDA content was observed after l-NAME or 7-NI. Nitrite level was unchanged by l-NAME but increased after 7-NI which also resulted in decreased GSH concentration and PON1 activity. Either inhibitor resulted in decreased liver ALT activity. (iv) DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes was markedly inhibited by l-NAME or 7-NI treatment. (v) iNOS expression in brain and liver decreased by l-NAME or 7-NI. (vi) More marked improvement of the histopathological alterations induced by malathion in brain and liver was observed after 7-NI compared with l-NAME. CONCLUSIONS In malathion intoxicated rats, the neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-NI and to much less extent l-NAME were able to protect the brain and liver tissue integrity along with improvement in oxidative stress parameters. The decrease in DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes by NOS inhibitors also suggests the involvement of nitric oxide in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha N Yassen
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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242
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Zhang T, Tian Y, Li Z, Liu S, Hu X, Yang Z, Ling X, Liu S, Zhang J. Molecular Dynamics Study to Investigate the Dimeric Structure of the Full-Length α-Synuclein in Aqueous Solution. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2281-2293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zhonghuang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Siming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zichao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
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Lee JH, Park E, Jin HJ, Lee Y, Choi SJ, Lee GW, Chang PS, Paik HD. Anti-inflammatory and anti-genotoxic activity of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1371-1377. [PMID: 30263672 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-genotoxic activity of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. BCAAs inhibited LPS-induced NO production, with 100 mM leucine having the most pronounced effect, suppressing NO production by 81.15%. Valine and isoleucine also reduced NO production by 29.65 and 42.95%, respectively. Furthermore, BCAAs suppressed the inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression. Additionally, BCAAs decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 which are proinflammatory mediators. Anti-genotoxic activities of BCAAs were assessed using the alkaline comet assay and valine, isoleucine, and leucine significantly (p < 0.05) decreased tail length of DNA (damaged portion) to 254.8 ± 7.5, 235.6 ± 5.6, and 271.5 ± 19.9 μm compared than positive control H2O2 (434.3 ± 51.3 μm). These results suggest that BCAAs can be used in the pharmaceutical or functional food industries as anti-inflammatory agents or anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
| | - Hyue Ju Jin
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Yunjeong Lee
- 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- 3Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Gyu Whan Lee
- R&D Center, Daesang Corporation, Icheon, 17384 Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- 5Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
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244
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A meta-analysis and review examining a possible role for oxidative stress and singlet oxygen in diverse diseases. Biochem J 2017; 474:2713-2731. [PMID: 28768713 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
From kinetic data (k, T) we calculated the thermodynamic parameters for various processes (nucleation, elongation, fibrillization, etc.) of proteinaceous diseases that are related to the β-amyloid protein (Alzheimer's), to tau protein (Alzheimer's, Pick's), to α-synuclein (Parkinson's), prion, amylin (type II diabetes), and to α-crystallin (cataract). Our calculations led to ΔG≠ values that vary in the range 92.8-127 kJ mol-1 at 310 K. A value of ∼10-30 kJ mol-1 is the activation energy for the diffusion of reactants, depending on the reaction and the medium. The energy needed for the excitation of O2 from the ground to the first excited state (1Δg, singlet oxygen) is equal to 92 kJ mol-1 So, the ΔG≠ is equal to the energy needed for the excitation of ground state oxygen to the singlet oxygen (1Δg first excited) state. The similarity of the ΔG≠ values is an indication that a common mechanism in the above disorders may be taking place. We attribute this common mechanism to the (same) role of the oxidative stress and specifically of singlet oxygen, (1Δg), to the above-mentioned processes: excitation of ground state oxygen to the singlet oxygen, 1Δg, state (92 kJ mol-1), and reaction of the empty π* orbital with high electron density regions of biomolecules (∼10-30 kJ mol-1 for their diffusion). The ΔG≠ for cases of heat-induced cell killing (cancer) lie also in the above range at 310 K. The present paper is a review and meta-analysis of literature data referring to neurodegenerative and other disorders.
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Rodrigues DGB, de Moura Coelho D, Sitta Â, Jacques CED, Hauschild T, Manfredini V, Bakkali A, Struys EA, Jakobs C, Wajner M, Vargas CR. Experimental evidence of oxidative stress in patients with l-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and that l-carnitine attenuates in vitro DNA damage caused by d-2-hydroxyglutaric and l-2-hydroxyglutaric acids. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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246
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Xu W, Li F, Xu Z, Sun B, Cao J, Liu Y. Tert-butylhydroquinone protects PC12 cells against ferrous sulfate-induced oxidative and inflammatory injury via the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Bitto A. Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8416763. [PMID: 28819546 PMCID: PMC5551541 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8416763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1747] [Impact Index Per Article: 249.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products. ROS can play, and in fact they do it, several physiological roles (i.e., cell signaling), and they are normally generated as by-products of oxygen metabolism; despite this, environmental stressors (i.e., UV, ionizing radiations, pollutants, and heavy metals) and xenobiotics (i.e., antiblastic drugs) contribute to greatly increase ROS production, therefore causing the imbalance that leads to cell and tissue damage (oxidative stress). Several antioxidants have been exploited in recent years for their actual or supposed beneficial effect against oxidative stress, such as vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols. While we tend to describe oxidative stress just as harmful for human body, it is true as well that it is exploited as a therapeutic approach to treat clinical conditions such as cancer, with a certain degree of clinical success. In this review, we will describe the most recent findings in the oxidative stress field, highlighting both its bad and good sides for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Cucinotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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248
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Colpo AC, de Lima ME, Maya-López M, Rosa H, Márquez-Curiel C, Galván-Arzate S, Santamaría A, Folmer V. Compounds from Ilex paraguariensis extracts have antioxidant effects in the brains of rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1172-1178. [PMID: 28708964 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization induces oxidative damage to the brain. Ilex paraguariensis extracts (Mate) and their major natural compound, chlorogenic acid (CGA), exert protective effects against reactive oxygen species formation. Here, the effects of Mate and CGA on oxidative damage induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were investigated. For CIS, animals were immobilized for 6 h every day for 21 consecutive days. Rats received Mate or CGA by intragastric gavage 30 min before every restraint session. Endpoints of oxidative stress (levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione) were evaluated following CIS. While CIS increased oxidized lipid and carbonyl levels in all brain regions, CGA (and Mate to a lesser extent) attenuated lipid and protein oxidation as compared with control groups. GSH/GSSG balance showed a tendency to increase in all regions in response to stress and antioxidants. Taken together, our results support a protective role of dietary antioxidants against the neuronal consequences of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Colpo
- a Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Lima
- a Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Marisol Maya-López
- a Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Hemerson Rosa
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Cristina Márquez-Curiel
- c Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Sonia Galván-Arzate
- c Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Abel Santamaría
- a Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Vanderlei Folmer
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
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249
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Molecular Mechanisms behind Free Radical Scavengers Function against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030051. [PMID: 28698499 PMCID: PMC5618079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress is involved in a wide variety of human diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancers, etc. Here, we discuss the significance of oxidative conditions in different disease, with the focus on neurodegenerative disease including Parkinson's disease, which is mainly caused by oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively), collectively known as RONS, are produced by cellular enzymes such as myeloperoxidase, NADPH-oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Natural antioxidant systems are categorized into enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant groups. The former includes a number of enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while the latter contains a number of antioxidants acquired from dietary sources including vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols. There are also scavengers used for therapeutic purposes, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) used routinely in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (not as a free radical scavenger), and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (Edaravone) that acts as a free radical detoxifier frequently used in acute ischemic stroke. The cell surviving properties of L-DOPA and Edaravone against oxidative stress conditions rely on the alteration of a number of stress proteins such as Annexin A1, Peroxiredoxin-6 and PARK7/DJ-1 (Parkinson disease protein 7, also known as Protein deglycase DJ-1). Although they share the targets in reversing the cytotoxic effects of H₂O₂, they seem to have distinct mechanism of function. Exposure to L-DOPA may result in hypoxia condition and further induction of ORP150 (150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein) with its concomitant cytoprotective effects but Edaravone seems to protect cells via direct induction of Peroxiredoxin-2 and inhibition of apoptosis.
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250
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Effect of walnut protein hydrolysate on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in mice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3102-3110. [PMID: 28974795 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A walnut protein hydrolysate (WPH) was prepared by using a mixture of pancreatin and viscozyme L from industrially available defatted walnut meal. The antioxidant effects of WPH were confirmed and quantified by reducing power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, hydroxyl radical radical-scavenging activity and ABTS+· radical-scavenging activity assays. The protective effects of WPH on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in mice were also evaluated based on in vivo behavioral tests. Results showed that WPH administration would lead to significantly decreased latencies while increased crossing times and target times in the spatial probe test, and increased escape latency and decreased error times in the step-down avoidance test for the scopolamine-induced dementia mice. Biochemical results indicated that the ameliorative effects of WPH on scopolamine-induced dementia mice could be attributed to the significantly increased amount of acetylcholine receptors. Therefore, WPH may be a potential therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's disease.
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