201
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Irshad A, Guo H, Ur Rehman S, Wang X, Gu J, Xiong H, Xie Y, Zhao L, Zhao S, Wang C, Liu L. Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in TaSBEIII and Development of KASP Marker Associated With Grain Weight in Wheat. Front Genet 2021; 12:697294. [PMID: 34306037 PMCID: PMC8299302 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.697294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of genes involved in starch synthesis could significantly affect wheat grain weight and yield. The starch-branching enzyme (SBE) catalyzes the formation of branch points by cleaving the α-1,4 linkage in polyglucans and reattaching the chain via an α-1,6 linkage. Three types of SBE isoforms (SBEI, SBEII, and SBEIII) exist in higher plants, with the number of SBE isoforms being species-specific. In this study, the coding sequence of the wheat TaSBEIII gene was amplified. After the multiple sequence alignment of TaSBEIII genome from 20 accessions in a wheat diversity panel, one SNP was observed in TaSBEIII-A, which formed the allelic marker allele-T. Based on this SNP at 294 bp (C/T), a KASP molecular marker was developed to distinguish allelic variation among the wheat genotypes for thousand grain weight (TGW). The results were validated using 262 accessions of mini core collection (MCC) from China, 153 from Pakistan, 53 from CIMMYT, and 17 diploid and 18 tetraploid genotypes. Association analysis between TaSBEIII-A allelic variation and agronomic traits found that TaSBEIII-A was associated with TGW in mini core collection of China (MCC). The accessions possessing Allele-T had higher TGW than those possessing Allele-C; thus, Allele-T was a favorable allelic variation. By analyzing the frequency of the favorable allelic variation Allele-T in MCC, it increased from pre-1950 (25%) to the 1960s (45%) and increased continuously from 1960 to 1990 (80%). The results suggested that the KASP markers can be utilized in grain weight improvement, which ultimately improves wheat yield by marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. The favorable allelic variation allele-T should be valuable in enhancing grain yield by improving the source and sink simultaneously. Furthermore, the newly developed KASP marker validated in different genetic backgrounds could be integrated into a breeding kit for screening high TGW wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Irshad
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yongdun Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
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202
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Cockburn DW, Kibler R, Brown HA, Duvall R, Moraïs S, Bayer E, Koropatkin NM. Structure and substrate recognition by the Ruminococcus bromii amylosome pullulanases. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107765. [PMID: 34186214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pullulanases are glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13) enzymes that target α1,6 glucosidic linkages within starch and aid in the degradation of the α1,4- and α1,6- linked glucans pullulan, glycogen and amylopectin. The human gut bacterium Ruminococcus bromii synthesizes two extracellular pullulanases, Amy10 and Amy12, that are incorporated into the multiprotein amylosome complex that enables the digestion of granular resistant starch from the diet. Here we provide a comparative biochemical analysis of these pullulanases and the x-ray crystal structures of the wild type and the nucleophile mutant D392A of Amy12 complexed with maltoheptaose and 63-α-D glucosyl-maltotriose. While Amy10 displays higher catalytic efficiency on pullulan and cleaves only α1,6 linkages, Amy12 has some activity on α1,4 linkages suggesting that these enzymes are not redundant within the amylosome. Our structures of Amy12 include a mucin-binding protein (MucBP) domain that follows the C-domain of the GH13 fold, an atypical feature of these enzymes. The wild type Amy12 structure with maltoheptaose captured two oligosaccharides in the active site arranged as expected following catalysis of an α1,6 branch point in amylopectin. The nucleophile mutant D392A complexed with maltoheptaose or 63-α-D glucosyl-maltotriose captured β-glucose at the reducing end in the -1 subsite, facilitated by the truncation of the active site aspartate and stabilized by stacking with Y279. The core interface between the co-crystallized ligands and Amy12 occurs within the -2 through + 1 subsites, which may allow for flexible recognition of α1,6 linkages within a variety of starch structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell W Cockburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ryan Kibler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Haley A Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rebecca Duvall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Edward Bayer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nicole M Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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203
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Liang W, Blennow A, Herburger K, Zhong Y, Wen X, Liu Y, Liao Y. Effects of supplemental irrigation on winter wheat starch structure and properties under ridge-furrow tillage and flat tillage. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118310. [PMID: 34364588 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental irrigation (SI) is an important strategy to improve the water-use efficiency (WUE) of crops without compromising the yield. However, such strategy can influence the starch and grain quality. Hence, the effects of SI on winter wheat starch structure and functionality were studied on ridge-furrow (RF) and flat tillage (FT) treated fields. Flat irrigation was set as control. RF + SI significantly increased the grain yield throughout the study period (2016-2018). SI decreased the amylose content and the content of amylopectin chains with DP 13-24 but increased the proportions of amylopectin chains with DP 6-12 and 25-36. The starch granule relative crystallinity decreased, and more B-type granules were produced by SI treatment. SI significantly increased the resistant starch content in both raw and cooked starch systems. Flat tillage enhanced the effect of SI on granule specific surface area (SSA) and viscosity, which increased starch paste viscosity, while SI + RF showed the opposite effects. Our study demonstrates important combined effects of SI and tillage on wheat starch quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Liang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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204
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Korompokis K, Deleu LJ, De Brier N, Delcour JA. Investigation of starch functionality and digestibility in white wheat bread produced from a recipe containing added maltogenic amylase or amylomaltase. Food Chem 2021; 362:130203. [PMID: 34091172 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the crumb of fresh white wheat bread, starch is fully gelatinized. Its molecular and three-dimensional structure are major factors limiting the rate of its digestion. The aim of this study was to in situ modify starch during bread making with starch-modifying enzymes (maltogenic amylase and amylomaltase) and to investigate the impact thereof on bread characteristics, starch retrogradation and digestibility. Maltogenic amylase treatment increased the relative content of short amylopectin chains (degree of polymerization ≤ 8). This resulted in lower starch retrogradation and crumb firmness upon storage, and reduced extent (up to 18%) of in vitro starch digestion for fresh and stored breads. Amylomaltase only modestly shortened amylose chains and had no measurable impact on amylopectin structure. Modification with this enzyme led to slower bread crumb firming but did not influence starch digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Korompokis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lomme J Deleu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Niels De Brier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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205
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Vianna TC, Marinho CO, Marangoni Júnior L, Ibrahim SA, Vieira RP. Essential oils as additives in active starch-based food packaging films: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1803-1819. [PMID: 34058206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The production of sustainable food packaging from renewable sources represents a prominent alternative to the use of petrochemical-based plastics. For example, starch remains one of the more closely studied replacement options due to its broad availability, low cost and significant advances in improving properties. In this context, essential oils as additives fulfil a key role in the manufacture of renewable active packaging with superior performances. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the impact of adding essential oils to the starch-based films is provided. After a brief introduction to the fundamental concepts related to starch and essential oils, details on the most recent advances in obtaining active starch-based films are presented. Subsequently, the effects of essential oils addition on the structure-property relationships (from physicochemical to antimicrobial ones) are thoroughly addressed. Finally, applications and challenges to the widespread use of essential oils are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomás Corrêa Vianna
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 500 Albert Einstein Avenue, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Marinho
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 500 Albert Einstein Avenue, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Marangoni Júnior
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Salam Adnan Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Roniérik Pioli Vieira
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 500 Albert Einstein Avenue, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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206
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Mango seed starch: A sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to increasing industrial requirements. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1807-1817. [PMID: 34051254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During processing of mango (Mangifera indica) into beverages, squashes and jellies, by-products such as peel and kernel are generated. The higher generation volume of mango-seed makes it cheaper and readily available material for extraction of starch. The current article addresses the mango-seed as potential source of starch over the conventional sources. The starch isolation, its composition structural morphology along with the various physicochemical properties are well discussed. Various modifications for improving the functionality of mango-seed starch (MSS) are comprehensively investigated based on the previous findings. Digestibility profile and glycaemic index of MSS reflected the presence of more resistant starch compared to other conventional starches; making it suitable ingredient for managing diabetes. The structure of mango seed starch can be easily manipulated using biological, chemical and physical methods for improving its application in the foods. Possible utilization of the MSS at large scale will improve the economic viability of the mango processing industries.
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207
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Barzic AI. Rheology and Structural Properties of Polysaccharides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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208
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Gaenssle ALO, Satyawan CA, Xiang G, van der Maarel MJEC, Jurak E. Long chains and crystallinity govern the enzymatic degradability of gelatinized starches from conventional and new sources. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117801. [PMID: 33712149 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Slowly digestible starches have received interest due to their lower increase of postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels and, hence, modification of starches towards slower digestibility has commercial interest. However, chemical characteristics driving enzymatic (digestive) degradation are not fully unraveled. The digestion properties of starches have been linked to their crystalline type, chain length distribution, amylose content or degree of branching, but content and length of relatively long side-chains in amylopectin has not been paid attention to. Therefore, this research focusses on the unique content and length of amylopectin side-chains from conventional and new starch sources (potato, corn, pea, and tulip) correlated to the enzymatic digestion. The rate of hydrolysis was found to be correlated with the crystalline type of starch, as previously suggested, however, the complete hydrolysis of all starches, independent of the crystalline type and source, was shown to be governed by the content of longer amylopectin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline L O Gaenssle
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Caecilia A Satyawan
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gang Xiang
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc J E C van der Maarel
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Edita Jurak
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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209
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Inguillay S, Jadán F, Maldonado-Alvarado P. Fermentation study of Cassava bagasse starch hydrolyzed's using INIAP 650 and INIAP 651 varieties and a strain of Lactobacillus leichmannii for the lactic acid production. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.02.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecuador is an agricultural country, which has an actual production of starch obtained from cassava. Tuber processing residues do not have an economic impact; for example, the cassava bagasse, only used for plant fertilization and animal feeding. This project aimed to study the influence of the fermentation variables (pH and agitation), on the lactic acid production. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava bagasse starch for the varieties INIAP 650 and INIAP 651 was performed using α-amylase and glucoamylase. Then, glucose was fermented by Lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830 strains, varying conditions such as agitation (150 rpm and absence) and pH (4.5, 5.0, and 5.5). Finally, the determination of lactic acid was performed by potentiometric and FTIR analysis. Conversions of cassava bagasse to reduced sugars were 71.66 and 85.05 % for INIAP 650 and INIAP 651 varieties. The best lactic acid concentrations were 27.62 and 33.48 g/L, obtained at pH 5.5 and agitation, for INIAP 650 and INIAP 651 varieties. Qualitative analysis conducted by FTIR spectrophotometry confirmed the presence of lactic acid in the reacted products. Lactic acid production from cassava bagasse starch could contribute to the Manabí and Esmeraldas provinces of Ecuador's economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Inguillay
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Felipe Jadán
- Departament of chemical processes, Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM). Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Maldonado-Alvarado
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito, Ecuador
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210
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Trend of Modification by Autoclave at Low Pressure and by Natural Fermentation in Sweet Potato and Cassava Starches. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) and cassava (Manihot esculenta C.) are part of the largest food crops in many countries. They have good nutritional value because, in addition to containing vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and anthocyanins in varied contents, due to the existence of various colors of their pulps, they have starch as their major constituent. As such, they are considered valuable raw materials for the food factory. The starch granules have distinct morphologies and properties, related to the type of cultivar, planting conditions, storage, and processing, which in turn can affect the quality of the final products to which they have been added. The use of native starches in the food industry has limitations, which can be improved by modifications. Physical methods, as they are associated with green technology, and do not pollute the environment, have demonstrated great potential for this purpose. Both modifications—by autoclave at low pressure and natural fermentation—have shown potential in modifying these starches.
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211
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Adrah K, Ananey-Obiri D, Tahergorabi R. Sweet potato starch and a protein-based edible coating minimize the fat-uptake in deep-fat fried chicken. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1914736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Adrah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Ananey-Obiri
- Department of Computational Sciences and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Reza Tahergorabi
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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212
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Vendrell Calatayud M, Alcañiz Cosín D, De los Reyes Cánovas R, Castelló Gómez ML, Ortolá Ortolá MD. Modeling of the soaking and drying stages for Senia‐type precooked rice. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vendrell Calatayud
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia Spain
| | - Diego Alcañiz Cosín
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia Spain
- MICROBIOTECH S.L. (Company) Vilamarxant Spain
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213
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Nadia J, Bronlund J, Singh RP, Singh H, Bornhorst GM. Structural breakdown of starch-based foods during gastric digestion and its link to glycemic response: In vivo and in vitro considerations. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2660-2698. [PMID: 33884751 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The digestion of starch-based foods in the small intestine as well as factors affecting their digestibility have been previously investigated and reviewed in detail. Starch digestibility has been studied both in vivo and in vitro, with increasing interest in the use of in vitro models. Although previous in vivo studies have indicated the effect of mastication and gastric digestion on the digestibility of solid starch-based foods, the physical breakdown of starch-based foods prior to small intestinal digestion is often less considered. Moreover, gastric digestion has received little attention in the attempt to understand the digestion of solid starch-based foods in the digestive tract. In this review, the physical breakdown of starch-based foods in the mouth and stomach, the quantification of these breakdown processes, and their links to physiological outcomes, such as gastric emptying and glycemic response, are discussed. In addition, the physical breakdown aspects related to gastric digestion that need to be considered when developing in vitro-in vivo correlation in starch digestion studies are discussed. The discussion demonstrates that physical breakdown prior to small intestinal digestion, especially during gastric digestion, should not be neglected in understanding the digestion of solid starch-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nadia
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - John Bronlund
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rajinder Paul Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gail M Bornhorst
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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214
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Jaleh B, Nasrollahzadeh M, Nasri A, Eslamipanah M, Moradi A, Nezafat Z. Biopolymer-derived (nano)catalysts for hydrogen evolution via hydrolysis of hydrides and electrochemical and photocatalytic techniques: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1056-1090. [PMID: 33872617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of a few decades, the concern of environmental damages of fossil fuels, an increase in CO2 emission and a decrease of hydrogen have been growing more and more. Accordingly, hydrogen production is a crucial issue nowadays. Different polymers are applied to attain the purpose. Among all polymers, biodegradables polymers are the best choices to develop the main aim. Polysaccharides and proteins are biodegradable polymers with unique places and advantages with regards to their ecofriendly properties. There are different techniques to apply and achieve the foremost purpose. It is worthwhile to mention that green and facile methods are always attracting attention in different aspects and fields. The three non-polluting and economical techniques, that is, electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), photocatalytic technique, and hydrolysis of hydrides, are reviewed in this paper. This review helps researchers, who are environment supporters, to evaluate and choose the most ecological biopolymers and processes in their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jaleh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran.
| | | | - Atefeh Nasri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Eslamipanah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Aida Moradi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nezafat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran
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215
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Zhong Y, Li Z, Qu J, Bertoft E, Li M, Zhu F, Blennow A, Liu X. Relationship between molecular structure and lamellar and crystalline structure of rice starch. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117616. [PMID: 33593533 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between molecular structure and crystalline and lamellar structures of fifteen types of rice starches was studied. GPC and HPAEC were used for the molecular chain analysis and WAXS, SAXS, and CP/MAS 13C NMR were employed for aggregation structural analysis. The amylopectin content and the average lengths of fb1-chains (the degree of polymerization (DP) 13-24) were positively correlated with the amount of double helices (r2 = 0.92 and 0.57, respectively). In contrast, amylose content was positively correlated with the amounts of amorphous materials in starch (r2 = 0.77). The amount of double helices, which constitute a major part of the crystalline matrix, was positively correlated with the lamellar ordering (r2 = 0.81), and negatively correlated with the thickness of crystalline lamellae (r2 = 0.90) and lamellar repeat distance (r2 = 0.84). Conversely, the amount of the amorphous matrix was correlated with these parameters in the opposite way (r2 = 0.50, 0.75, and 0.75, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhong
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhihang Li
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianzhou Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Eric Bertoft
- Bertoft Solutions, Gamla Sampasvägen 18, 20960, Turku, Finland
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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216
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Wang Y, Chen L, Yang T, Ma Y, McClements DJ, Ren F, Tian Y, Jin Z. A review of structural transformations and properties changes in starch during thermal processing of foods. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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217
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Airlangga B, Sugianto AM, Parahita G, Puspasari F, Mayangsari NE, Trisanti PN, Sutikno JP, Sumarno S. Study of cassava starch degradation using sonication process in aqueous sodium chloride. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2406-2413. [PMID: 33012019 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch degradation is an important process that can increase starch utilization in some industrial applications. In many polysaccharide compounds, the addition of salt is an alternative method to enhance the structural degradation of starch by sonication. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sonication in aqueous NaCl solution on the structural degradation of cassava starch. RESULTS This method produces reducing sugar which its amount is relatively smaller than the amount of total dissolved solid product. The maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) was 0.365 ± 0.005 kg m-3 (or about 7.3 mg g-1 ) that resulted by S50 for 60 min reaction. The increase of sonication amplitude was in line with the increase of granule defect in SEM image. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the degradation process was characterized by rupturing of the amorphous region. CONCLUSION The structural alteration and the increase in NaCl weight suggest that this process may become a useful method for starch modification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramantyo Airlangga
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ayu Maulina Sugianto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ghaluh Parahita
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Febriyati Puspasari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Novi Eka Mayangsari
- Waste Treatment Engineering Department, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya (PPNS), Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Prida Novarita Trisanti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Juwari Purwo Sutikno
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sumarno Sumarno
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
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218
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Teng C, Chen D, Wu G, Campanella OH. Non-invasive techniques to study starch structure and starchy products properties. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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219
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Roman L, Guo M, Terekhov A, Grossutti M, Vidal NP, Reuhs BL, Martinez MM. Extraction and isolation of pectin rich in homogalacturonan domains from two cultivars of hawthorn berry (Crataegus pinnatifida). Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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220
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Chen J, Hawkins E, Seung D. Towards targeted starch modification in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 60:102013. [PMID: 33677239 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic approaches to modify starch in crops have been limited by our knowledge of starch biosynthesis. Recent advances in Arabidopsis have revealed key genetic components determining the size, shape and number of granules in a plastid. This has opened the doors to new discoveries on granule initiation in crop species. In parallel, advances in genomic resources and gene editing technologies allow targeted manipulation of starch biosynthesis genes in isogenic crop backgrounds. Such technologies have been successfully deployed to alter starch composition, and can now be used to modify other starch traits. This will allow the complex relationships between starch structure and physicochemical properties to be elucidated, which will facilitate the rational manipulation of starches in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Erica Hawkins
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David Seung
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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221
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Zhong Y, Li Y, Qu J, Zhang X, Seytahmetovna SA, Blennow A, Guo D. Structural features of five types of maize starch granule subgroups sorted by flow cytometry. Food Chem 2021; 356:129657. [PMID: 33836359 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Subgroups of starch granules from five maize phenotypes including waxy-, normal-, popcorn-, sweet corn- and high-amylose maize were sorted by flow cytometry (FC) utilizing the side scatter channel (SSC) and forward scatter channel (FSC). SSC and FSC mainly reflecting internal object complexity, and object size, respectively. Subgroups with higher FSC signal always showed higher SSC signal, indicating larger granules exhibited higher internal structural complexity. Wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis showed that the subgroups showing high SSC signal intensity also had high lamellar scattering intensity, and low crystallinity. Vibrational transitions of bonds analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the subgroups of maize starches, except sweet corn starch, with high SSC signal had high intensities at 1045 and 1022 cm-1. Hence, our data demonstrate that the structural complexity detected by the SSC signal is mainly associated with lamellar and crystalline features of starch granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Environmental and Plant Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianzhou Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Environmental and Plant Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
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222
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Hossain KMZ, Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Bryant SJ, Schmitt J, Ahn-Jarvis JH, Warren FJ, Khimyak YZ, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Monovalent Salt and pH-Induced Gelation of Oxidised Cellulose Nanofibrils and Starch Networks: Combining Rheology and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:951. [PMID: 33808830 PMCID: PMC8003611 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Water quality parameters such as salt content and various pH environments can alter the stability of gels as well as their rheological properties. Here, we investigated the effect of various concentrations of NaCl and different pH environments on the rheological properties of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibril (OCNF) and starch-based hydrogels. Addition of NaCl caused an increased stiffness of the OCNF:starch (1:1 wt%) blend gels, where salt played an important role in reducing the repulsive OCNF fibrillar interactions. The rheological properties of these hydrogels were unchanged at pH 5.0 to 9.0. However, at lower pH (4.0), the stiffness and viscosity of the OCNF and OCNF:starch gels appeared to increase due to proton-induced fibrillar interactions. In contrast, at higher pH (11.5), syneresis was observed due to the formation of denser and aggregated gel networks. Interactions as well as aggregation behaviour of these hydrogels were explored via ζ-potential measurements. Furthermore, the nanostructure of the OCNF gels was probed using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), where the SAXS patterns showed an increase of slope in the low-q region with increasing salt concentration arising from aggregation due to the screening of the surface charge of the fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi M. Zakir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Marcelo A. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Saffron J. Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Julien Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Jennifer H. Ahn-Jarvis
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (J.H.A.-J.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Frederick J. Warren
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (J.H.A.-J.); (F.J.W.)
| | | | - Janet L. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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223
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Zhong Y, Qu J, Blennow A, Liu X, Guo D. Expression Pattern of Starch Biosynthesis Genes in Relation to the Starch Molecular Structure in High-Amylose Maize. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2805-2815. [PMID: 33645979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure and the expression levels of starch biosynthesis-related genes of three types of high-amylose maize (HAM) genotypes and one normal maize (NM) genotype at 5-35 days after pollination (DAP) were studied. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis showed that the molecular size of amylopectin molecules in NM increased from 5 to 35 DAP and the amylose content in HAM genotypes increased from 15 to 35 DAP. Correlation analysis for both NM and HAMs combined showed that SBEIIb and ISAII were negatively correlated with the contents of amylose and long amylopectin chains (DP > 30) and positively correlated with the content of short amylopectin chains (DP ≤ 31) and the molecular size of amylopectin molecules. Correlation analysis for only the HAMs showed that amylose content was negatively correlated with SBEI and SSIIa. In both correlation analyses, SSIIa showed a negative correlation with the average chain lengths of amylose chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, København 1017, Denmark
| | - Jianzhou Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, København 1017, Denmark
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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224
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Zarski A, Bajer K, Kapuśniak J. Review of the Most Important Methods of Improving the Processing Properties of Starch toward Non-Food Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:832. [PMID: 33803238 PMCID: PMC7967182 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is the second most abundantly available natural polymer in the world, after cellulose. If we add its biodegradability and non-toxicity to the natural environment, it becomes a raw material very attractive for the food and non-food industries. However, in the latter case, mainly due to the high hydrophilicity of starch, it is necessary to carry out many more or less complex operations and processes. One of the fastest growing industries in the last decade is the processing of biodegradable materials for packaging purposes. This is mainly due to awareness of producers and consumers about the dangers of unlimited production and the use of non-degradable petroleum polymers. Therefore, in the present review, an attempt was made to show the possibilities and limitations of using starch as a packaging material. The most important physicochemical features of this biopolymer are discussed, and special attention is paid to more or less environmentally friendly methods of improving its processing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Zarski
- Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Bajer
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 55 Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kapuśniak
- Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
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225
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Heo JB, Lee YS, Chung CH. Seagrass-based platform strategies for sustainable hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production: toward bio-based chemical products. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:902-917. [PMID: 33648387 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1892580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Today, sustainable chemistry is a key trend in the chemical manufacturing industry due mainly to concerns over the global environment and resource security. In sustainable chemical manufacture, the choice of a bio-based feedstock plays a pivotal pillar. In terms of feedstock utilization for producing HMF, which is a multivalent platform intermediate easily convertible to valuable chemical products; biopolymers, biofuels, and other important chemicals, seagrass biomasses can be more favorable feedstocks compared with land plant resources due primarily to easy availability and no systematic farming. Moreover, seagrass feedstocks could contribute cost-effectively and sustainably producing HMF by exploiting the beach-cast seagrasses on seagrass-prairies with no feedstock cost, indicating that seagrass biomasses could be a most promising biofeedstock source for sustainable HMF production. We afford a platform bioprocessing technology that has not been attempted before for sustainable HMF production using raw seagrass biomass. This bioprocess can be operated by simple reaction conditions using inorganic Brønsted acids (mainly HCl) and ionic liquid solvents at relatively low temperatures (120-130 °C). In addition, some bioengineering strategies for improving the growth of seagrass biomass and the quantity/quality of nonstructural carbohydrates (starch, sucrose) that can be used as the feeding substrates for HMF production are also discussed. The main aim of this review is to provide some important information about breakthrough bio/technologies conducive to cost-effective and sustainable HMF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Bok Heo
- Department of Molecular Genetic Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Chung-Han Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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226
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Review on the physicochemical properties, modifications, and applications of starches and its common modified forms used in noodle products. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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227
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Chi C, Li X, Huang S, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li L, Miao S. Basic principles in starch multi-scale structuration to mitigate digestibility: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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228
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Sifuentes-Nieves I, Mendez-Montealvo G, Flores-Silva PC, Nieto-Pérez M, Neira-Velazquez G, Rodriguez-Fernandez O, Hernández-Hernández E, Velazquez G. Dielectric barrier discharge and radio-frequency plasma effect on structural properties of starches with different amylose content. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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229
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Amylose starch with no detectable branching developed through DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of two starch branching enzymes in potato. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4311. [PMID: 33619312 PMCID: PMC7900246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-free genome editing was used to induce mutations in one or two branching enzyme genes (Sbe) in tetraploid potato to develop starch with an increased amylose ratio and elongated amylopectin chains. By using ribonucleoprotein (RNP) transfection of potato protoplasts, a mutation frequency up to 72% was achieved. The large variation of mutations was grouped as follows: Group 1 lines with all alleles of Sbe1 mutated, Group 2 lines with all alleles of Sbe1 as well as two to three alleles of Sbe2 mutated and Group 3 lines having all alleles of both genes mutated. Starch from lines in Group 3 was found to be essentially free of amylopectin with no detectable branching and a chain length (CL) distribution where not only the major amylopectin fraction but also the shortest amylose chains were lost. Surprisingly, the starch still formed granules in a low-ordered crystalline structure. Starch from lines of Group 2 had an increased CL with a higher proportion of intermediate-sized chains, an altered granule phenotype but a crystalline structure in the granules similar to wild-type starch. Minor changes in CL could also be detected for the Group 1 starches when studied at a higher resolution.
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230
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Xu P, Zhang SY, Luo ZG, Zong MH, Li XX, Lou WY. Biotechnology and bioengineering of pullulanase: state of the art and perspectives. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:43. [PMID: 33547538 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) is a starch-debranching enzyme in the α-amylase family and specifically cleaves α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in starch-type polysaccharides, such as pullulan, β-limited dextrin, glycogen, and amylopectin. It plays a key role in debranching and hydrolyzing starch completely, thus bring improved product quality, increased productivity, and reduced production cost in producing resistant starch, sugar syrup, and beer. Plenty of researches have been made with respects to the discovery of either thermophilic or mesophilic pullulanases, however, few examples meet the demand of industrial application. This review presents the progress made in the recent years from the first aspect of characteristics of pullulanases. The heterologous expression of pullulanases in different microbial hosts and the methods used to improve the expression effectiveness and the regulation of enzyme production are also described. Then, the function evolution of pullulanases from a protein engineering view is discussed. In addition, the immobilization strategy using novel materials is introduced to improve the recyclability of pullulanases. At the same time, we indicate the trends in the future research to facilitate the industrial application of pullulanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
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231
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Abstract
Desoxyribosenucleic acid, DNA, and cellulose molecules self-assemble in aqueous systems. This aggregation is the basis of the important functions of these biological macromolecules. Both DNA and cellulose have significant polar and nonpolar parts and there is a delicate balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. The hydrophilic interactions related to net charges have been thoroughly studied and are well understood. On the other hand, the detailed roles of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions have remained controversial. It is found that the contributions of hydrophobic interactions in driving important processes, like the double-helix formation of DNA and the aqueous dissolution of cellulose, are dominating whereas the net contribution from hydrogen bonding is small. In reviewing the roles of different interactions for DNA and cellulose it is useful to compare with the self-assembly features of surfactants, the simplest case of amphiphilic molecules. Pertinent information on the amphiphilic character of cellulose and DNA can be obtained from the association with surfactants, as well as on modifying the hydrophobic interactions by additives.
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232
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Physicochemical properties of a new starch from ramie (Boehmeria nivea) root. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:392-401. [PMID: 33539954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new starch was isolated from ramie root, and its physicochemical properties were investigated. Ramie dry root contained 45.9% starch. Starch had truncated, ellipsoidal, and spherical granule shapes with size from 7 to 30 μm and D[4,3] about 14.1 μm. Starch contained 38.9% apparent amylose content and 22.4% true amylose content, exhibited B-type crystallinity, and had 26.6% relative crystallinity, 0.82 ordered degree, and 9.2 nm lamellar thickness. Starch had 71.8 °C gelatinization peak temperature and 15.6 J/g gelatinization enthalpy, and exhibited 31.4 g/g swelling power and 17.1% water solubility at 95 °C. Starch had peak, hot, breakdown, final, and setback viscosities at 3048, 2768, 279, 4165, and 1397 mPa s, respectively, and showed peak time at 4.36 min and pasting temperature at 75.0 °C. The native, gelatinized, and retrograded starches contained 15.1%, 94.0%, and 86.5% rapidly digestible starch and 83.3%, 4.0%, and 10.7% resistant starch, respectively. Compared with potato and rice starches, ramie starch was somewhat similar to potato starch but significantly different from rice starch in starch component, crystalline structure, and functional properties. Therefore, ramie starch exhibited the potential to be used as a thickening agent, resistant-digesting food additive, and alternative to potato starch in food and nonfood industries.
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233
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Krishnan V, Awana M, Raja Rani AP, Bansal N, Bollinedi H, Srivastava S, Sharma SK, Singh AK, Singh A, Praveen S. Quality matrix reveals the potential of Chak-hao as a nutritional supplement: a comparative study of matrix components, antioxidants and physicochemical attributes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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234
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Fonseca M, Prior JAV. Microwave Aqueous Dissolution of Potato Starch for the Synthesis of Starch Capped Silver Nanoparticles. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Fonseca
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n°. 228 Porto 4050‐313 Portugal
| | - João A. V. Prior
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n°. 228 Porto 4050‐313 Portugal
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235
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Sanders JM, Misra M, Mustard TJL, Giesen DJ, Zhang T, Shelley J, Halls MD. Characterizing moisture uptake and plasticization effects of water on amorphous amylose starch models using molecular dynamics methods. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117161. [PMID: 33183612 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics and thermophysical properties of amorphous starch were explored using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Using the OPLS3e force field, simulations of short amylose chains in water were performed to determine force field accuracy. Using well-tempered metadynamics, a free energy map of the two glycosidic angles of an amylose molecule was constructed and compared with other modern force fields. Good agreement of torsional sampling for both solvated and amorphous amylose starch models was observed. Using combined grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC)/MD simulations, a moisture sorption isotherm curve is predicted along with temperature dependence. Concentration-dependent activation energies for water transport agree quantitatively with previous experiments. Finally, the plasticization effect of moisture content on amorphous starch was investigated. Predicted glass transition temperature (Tg) depression as a function of moisture content is in line with experimental trends. Further, our calculations provide a value for the dry Tg for amorphous starch, a value which no experimental value is available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Teng Zhang
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, NY, 10036, USA
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236
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Luo K, Ryu J, Jeong KB, Kim HS, Kim YR. Colorimetric assay for the determination of molecular weight distribution and branching characteristics of starch hydrolysates. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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237
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Texture evaluation of cooked parboiled rice using nondestructive milled whole grain near infrared spectroscopy. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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238
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Zhang W, Zhan Z, Wang H, Shu Z, Wang P, Zeng X. Structural, pasting and sensory properties of rice from main and ratoon crops. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1950183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil(Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Inspection and Testing Center of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Zhan Zhan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoxuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaixi Shu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil(Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil(Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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239
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Effects of germination on the physicochemical, nutritional and in vitro digestion characteristics of flours from waxy and nonwaxy proso millet, common buckwheat and pea. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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240
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Abstract
Resistant starch, microbiome, and precision modulation. Mounting evidence has positioned the gut microbiome as a nexus of health. Modulating its phylogenetic composition and function has become an attractive therapeutic prospect. Resistant starches (granular amylase-resistant α-glycans) are available as physicochemically and morphologically distinguishable products. Attempts to leverage resistant starch as microbiome-modifying interventions in clinical studies have yielded remarkable inter-individual variation. Consequently, their utility as a potential therapy likely depends predominantly on the selected resistant starch and the subject's baseline microbiome. The purpose of this review is to detail i) the heterogeneity of resistant starches, ii) how resistant starch is sequentially degraded and fermented by specialized gut microbes, and iii) how resistant starch interventions yield variable effects on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Dobranowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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241
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Analysis of the complexation process between starch molecules and trilinolenin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:44-49. [PMID: 32987075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starch is a basic biomacromolecule, and an in-depth understanding of the process and mechanism of starch-lipid complexation has great significance for starch based food and pharmaceutical. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was used to explore the complexation details between starch molecules and trilinolenin, such as complexation process, interaction forces, conformation changes and stability changes, which are difficult to be verified by using other characterization methods. The results show that, firstly, starch residues of one turn helix (8 residues) are enough to bind a trilinolenin molecule firmly. Secondly, the complex is maintained by Van der Waals and electrostatic interaction. Thirdly, the residues complexed with trilinolenin become more stable than the former or the free residues. In brief, the complexation process, interaction forces, conformation changes and stability changes of the starch-trilinolenin complex were clarified in this study. The results may create new insights for the research about the interaction of starch and lipid, then provide theoretical guidance for the research on starch based food and pharmaceutical.
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242
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Santos TA, Spinacé MAS. Sandwich panel biocomposite of thermoplastic corn starch and bacterial cellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:358-368. [PMID: 33278430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate disposition and long period for degradation of Petroleum-derived polymers promote damages in the environment, which could be minimized by the use of biodegradable polymers such as starch and cellulose. Films of thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) and bacterial cellulose (BC) were used to produce sandwich panel biocomposite. RXD, SEM and FTIR were used to verify the transformation of TPS from native corn starch. TPS/BC is flexible and transparent, but it is less transparent that TPS and BC due to its multilayer format. TPS/BC presented similar thermal events to TPS and BC samples and thermal stability similar to TPS. The FTIR spectrum of the TPS/BC showed bands observed in the BC and TPS spectra. BC, TPS and TPS/BC showed faster water absorption in the initial stage reaching a stability at about 50 h and presenting Fickian behavior. TPS/BC showed lower water absorption and a good adhesion between the phases observed by SEM images, which can be associated to hydrogen interactions in the interface improving mechanical properties. TPS/BC showed an increase of about 3.6 times in the tensile strength compared to TPS, indicating that BC is a good reinforcement for TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita A Santos
- Federal University of ABC, Natural and Human Sciences Center, Av. dos Estados 5001, Bangu, 09.210-170 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia A S Spinacé
- Federal University of ABC, Natural and Human Sciences Center, Av. dos Estados 5001, Bangu, 09.210-170 Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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243
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Momtaz M, Chen J. High-Performance Colorimetric Humidity Sensors Based on Konjac Glucomannan. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54104-54116. [PMID: 33185427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-humidity conditions (85-100% relative humidity (RH)) have very diverse effects on many aspects of people's daily lives. Despite remarkable progress in the development of structural coloration-based humidity sensors, how to significantly improve the sensitivity and visual humidity resolution of these humidity sensors under a high-humidity environment remains a great challenge. In this study, high-performance colorimetric humidity sensors based on environment-friendly konjac glucomannan (KGM) via thin-film interference are developed using a simple, affordable, and scalable preparation method. An effective strategy is demonstrated for substantially improving the sensor sensitivity and visual humidity resolution under a high-humidity environment via synergistic integration of multiorder interference peaks, sensor array technology, and superior water-absorbing polymer. The KGM full-range humidity sensors exhibit fast and dynamic response toward the humidity change without power consumption, and they also show high sensitivity and selectivity, little hysteresis, and excellent stability against high-humidity conditions. The KGM humidity sensors display extraordinary red shift of the reflection peak (e.g., 385 nm) and the visual humidity resolution as high as 1.5% RH in the visible range from 85 to 100% RH, which represent the largest spectra shift and highest visual humidity resolution, respectively, for structural coloration-based humidity sensors in high-humidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Momtaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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244
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Effect of dual modification on crystalline formation of resistant starch from cassava. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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245
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Zhong Y, Wu Y, Blennow A, Li C, Guo D, Liu X. Structural characterization and functionality of starches from different high-amylose maize hybrids. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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246
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Seung D. Amylose in starch: towards an understanding of biosynthesis, structure and function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1490-1504. [PMID: 32767769 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Starch granules are composed of two distinct glucose polymers - amylose and amylopectin. Amylose constitutes 5-35% of most natural starches and has a major influence over starch properties in foods. Its synthesis and storage occurs within the semicrystalline amylopectin matrix of starch granules, this poses a great challenge for biochemical and structural analyses. However, the last two decades have seen vast progress in understanding amylose synthesis, including new insights into the action of GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS), the major glucosyltransferase that synthesises amylose, and the discovery of PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH1 (PTST1) that targets GBSS to starch granules. Advances in analytical techniques have resolved the fine structure of amylose, raising new questions on how structure is determined during biosynthesis. Furthermore, the discovery of wild plants that do not produce amylose revives a long-standing question of why starch granules contain amylose, rather than amylopectin alone. Overall, these findings contribute towards a full understanding of amylose biosynthesis, structure and function that will be essential for future approaches to improve starch quality in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seung
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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247
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Spinozzi F, Ferrero C, Perez S. The architecture of starch blocklets follows phyllotaxic rules. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20093. [PMID: 33208760 PMCID: PMC7674469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The starch granule is Nature’s way to store energy in green plants over long periods. Irrespective of their origins, starches display distinct structural features that are the fingerprints of levels of organization over six orders of magnitude. We hypothesized that Nature retains hierarchical material structures at all levels and that some general rules control the morphogenesis of these structures. We considered the occurrence of a «phyllotaxis» like features that would develop at scales ranging from nano to micrometres, and developed a novel geometric model capable of building complex structures from simple components. We applied it, according to the Fibonacci Golden Angle, to form several Golden Spirals, and derived theoretical models to simulate scattering patterns. A GSE, constructed with elements made up of parallel stranded double-helices, displayed shapes, sizes and high compactness reminiscent of the most intriguing structural element: the ‘blocklet’. From the convergence between the experimental findings and the theoretical construction, we suggest that the «phyllotactic» model represents an amylopectin macromolecule, with a high molecular weight. Our results offer a new vision to some previous models of starch. They complete a consistent description of the levels of organization over four orders of magnitude of the starch granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spinozzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrero
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ESRF, Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Perez
- CNRS, CERMAV, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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248
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Vizzini A, Consiglio G, Setti L. Testing spore amyloidity in Agaricales under light microscope: the case study of Tricholoma. IMA Fungus 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 33292837 PMCID: PMC7656700 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-020-00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although species of the genus Tricholoma are currently considered to produce inamyloid spores, a novel standardized method to test sporal amyloidity (which involves heating the sample in Melzer's reagent) showed evidence that in the tested species of this genus, which belong in all 10 sections currently recognized from Europe, the spores are amyloid. In two species, T. josserandii and T. terreum, the spores are also partly dextrinoid. This result provides strong indication that a positive reaction of the spores in Melzer's reagent could be a character shared by all genera in Tricholomataceae s. str.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Turin), C.N.R, Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
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249
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Zhong Y, Liu L, Qu J, Blennow A, Hansen AR, Wu Y, Guo D, Liu X. Amylose content and specific fine structures affect lamellar structure and digestibility of maize starches. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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250
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Song Z, Zhong Y, Tian W, Zhang C, Hansen AR, Blennow A, Liang W, Guo D. Structural and functional characterizations of α-amylase-treated porous popcorn starch. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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