201
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Chen C, Liu H, Wang C, Liu Z, Liu X, Zou L, Zhao H, Yan Y, Shi J, Chen S. Metabolomics characterizes metabolic changes of Apocyni Veneti Folium in response to salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:187-196. [PMID: 31585397 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Apocyni Veneti Folium (AVF) has been raised great interest in the antioxidant properties recently for the preservation of human health. However, little research was found on the integrate metabolites except our previous investigation on the variations of the bioactive constituents. To understand the salt-tolerant mechanisms of the halophyte, metabolomic platform based on ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem triple time-of-flight mass/mass spectrometer was applied in this study. The results showed that metabolic profiles were separated and differentiated among groups based on multivariate statistical analysis; different metabolites belonged to various chemical classes. Besides, phenylpropanoid pathway and terpenoid biosynthesis were disturbed in all salt-stressed AVF and low salt-treated group appeared to be better than other samples in terms of relative contents (peak areas) of the wide variety of bioactive components and physiological variations of photosynthetic pigments, osmotic homeostasis, lipid peroxidation product and antioxidative enzymes. This study may provide additional insight into the salt-tolerant mechanisms and the quality assessment of AVF in a holistic level based on the plant metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zixiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xunhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China; National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lisi Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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202
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Phenolic Composition of Hydrophilic Extract of Manna from Sicilian Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl and its Reducing, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100494. [PMID: 31635261 PMCID: PMC6826888 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Manna, a very singular vegetable product derived from the spontaneous solidification of the sap of some Fraxinus species, has long been known for its mild laxative and emollient properties. In this work, a hydro-alcoholic extract of manna (HME) from Sicilian Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl was investigated using HPLC-DAD to find phenol components and using chemical and biological in vitro assays to determine its reducing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. We identified elenolic acid, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, catechin, fraxetin, verbascoside, gallic acid, procyanidin-B1, and luteolin 3,7 glucoside, in order of abundance. Measurements of total antioxidant activity by Folin-Ciocalteu reaction and ferric reducing ability (FRAP), as well as of scavenger activity towards ABTS•+, DPPH•, and perferryl-myoglobin radicals, showed that the phytocomplex effectively reduced oxidants with different standard potentials. When compared with vitamin E, HME also behaved as an efficient chain-breaking antioxidant against lipoperoxyl radicals from methyl linoleate. In cellular models for oxidative stress, HME counteracted membrane lipid oxidation of human erythrocytes stimulated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as the GSH decay in IL-1β–activated intestinal normal-like cells. Moreover, in this in vitro intestinal bowel disease model, HME reduced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. These findings may suggest that manna acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural product in humans, beyond its well-known effects against constipation.
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203
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Krishna Chandran AM, Christina H, Das S, Mumbrekar KD, Satish Rao BS. Neuroprotective role of naringenin against methylmercury induced cognitive impairment and mitochondrial damage in a mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 71:103224. [PMID: 31376681 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to organomercurials like methylmercury (MeHg) may occur by consumption of contaminated seafood, affecting various vital organs especially, brain contributing to neuro disorders. The citrus flavanone, naringenin (NAR) has shown strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and therefore may exert cytoprotective effect against xenobiotic agents. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective role of NAR against MeHg induced functional changes in mitochondria, neuronal cell death and cognitive impairment in a mouse model. A neurotoxic dose of MeHg (4 mg/kg.b.wt.) was administered orally to mice for 15 days. This resulted in the reduction of GSH and GST, an increase in mitochondrial DNA damage and memory impairment. On the contrary, NAR pre-treatment (100 mg/kg.b.wt.), helped in lowering the oxidative burden which in turn maintained mitochondrial function and prevented induced neuronal cell death, ultimately improving the cognitive impairment. As MeHg intoxication occurs chronically, consumption of the dietary components rich in NAR may have its positive human health impact, ultimately improving the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwaid Manu Krishna Chandran
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Hannah Christina
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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204
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Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184556. [PMID: 31540021 PMCID: PMC6770307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease of great public health significance worldwide: It entails several complications including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension, and its prevalence is increasing around the world. The pathogenesis of obesity is closely related to reactive oxygen species. The role of reactive oxygen species as regulatory factors in mitochondrial activity in obese subjects, molecules taking part in inflammation processes linked to excessive size and number of adipocytes, and as agents governing the energy balance in hypothalamus neurons has been examined. Phytotherapy is the traditional form of treating health problems using plant-derived medications. Some plant extracts are known to act as anti-obesity agents and have been screened in in vitro models based on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and activity of pancreatic lipase methods and in in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity rat/mouse models and human models. Plant products may be a good natural alternative for weight management and a source of numerous biologically-active chemicals, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract the oxidative stress associated with obesity. This review presents polyphenols as natural complementary therapy, and a good nutritional strategy, for treating obesity without serious side effects.
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205
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Kumar Singh A, Cabral C, Kumar R, Ganguly R, Kumar Rana H, Gupta A, Rosaria Lauro M, Carbone C, Reis F, Pandey AK. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and Strategies to Improve Delivery Efficiency. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2216. [PMID: 31540270 PMCID: PMC6770155 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains an intricate ecological community of dwelling bacteria, referred as gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, antibiotics, as well as environmental factors, particularly diet, thus causing a disruption of microbiota equilibrium (dysbiosis). Growing evidences support the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal cardiometabolic diseases, namely obesity and diabetes. This review firstly overviews the role of GM in health and disease, then critically reviews the evidences regarding the influence of dietary polyphenols in GM based on preclinical and clinical data, ending with strategies under development to improve efficiency of delivery. Although the precise mechanisms deserve further clarification, preclinical and clinical data suggest that dietary polyphenols present prebiotic properties and exert antimicrobial activities against pathogenic GM, having benefits in distinct disorders. Specifically, dietary polyphenols have been shown ability to modulate GM composition and function, interfering with bacterial quorum sensing, membrane permeability, as well as sensitizing bacteria to xenobiotics. In addition, can impact on gut metabolism and immunity and exert anti-inflammatory properties. In order to overcome the low bioavailability, several different approaches have been developed, aiming to improve solubility and transport of dietary polyphenols throughout the GI tract and deliver in the targeted intestinal regions. Although more research is still needed, particularly translational and clinical studies, the biotechnological progresses achieved during the last years open up good perspectives to, in a near future, be able to improve the use of dietary polyphenols modulating GM in a broad range of disorders characterized by a dysbiotic phenotype.
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Grants
- UID/NEU/04539/2013 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- UID/NEU/04539/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- PTDC/SAU-NUT/31712/2017 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031712 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- AKS, RK and RG Senior/Junior research fellowship Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India
- AKS, RK, RG, HKR, AG and AKP acknowledgment Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST) of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), India
- AKS, RK, RG, HKR, AG and AKP acknowledgment UGC-SAP, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Célia Cabral
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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206
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Ahmad HI, Khan HMS, Akhtar N. Development of topical drug delivery system with
Sphaeranthus indicus
flower extract and its investigation on skin as a cosmeceutical product. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:985-994. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ibtesam Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | | | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
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207
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Liu ZQ. Anti-Oxidant in China: A Thirty-Year Journey. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1005-1024. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-oxidant refers to such a kind of endogenous or exogenous compound that is able to retard or even prohibit in vivo or in vitro oxidation with only small amount being used. The study of anti-oxidants starts nearly 30 years ago, and the research on this topic in China almost begins simultaneously with that in the world. Gratifyingly, contributions on anti-oxidants from China researchers have rapidly increased in the recent decade as anti-oxidants have become a hot topic in biochemistry, pharmacology, food science, chemistry as well as other related disciplines. Anti-oxidants provide a specific viewpoint for clarifying pharmacological effects of Chinese medicinal herbs. For example, as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is found to be a natural anti-oxidant resource. Meanwhile, some signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) are regarded to play an important role in anti-oxidant responses. These findings provide a substantial basis for understanding the pharmacological behaviors of Chinese medicinal herbs in view of regulating the aforementioned signaling pathways. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by supplementation of anti-oxidant becomes a popularly accepted idea in keeping health and treating diseases. Isolations of antio-xidative ingredients from medicinal herbs and foods lead to set up a large range of anti-oxidative compound libraries, and intake of anti-oxidants from foods may be the most efficient way for supplementing exogenous anti-oxidants. On the other hand, designing anti-oxidants with novel structures motivates organic and medicinal chemists to explore the structure–activity relationship, and then, to find novel structural features with anti-oxidative properties. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that China researchers will donate more endeavors to obtain more achievements on anti-oxidants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qun Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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208
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Stryjecka M, Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Michalak M, Rachoń L, Głowacka A. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Oils from the Seeds of Five Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cultivars. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:729-738. [PMID: 31292346 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oils from five cultivars of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) grown in Poland were analysed for characteristics of chemical and biological activity. The extracted oils had an average iodine value (g of I/100 g of oil) of 99.2; a refractive index of (40°C) 1.4675; a saponification value of 189 mg of KOH/g of oil; and 0.68% unsaponifiable matter. As regards the oxidation state, the specific extinction values of the oils at 232 and 268 nm were 2.55 and 0.94, respectively, while the peroxide value was 1.40 meq O2/kg and the p-anisidine value was 1.42. Oleic acid (70.70%) was the predominant fatty acid found in the oils, followed by linoleic (22.41%), palmitic (3.14%), stearic (1.4%), linolenic (0.90%), and palmitoleic (0.70%) acid. The content of α-, γ-, and δ- tocopherols in the oils from the five apricot cultivars was 19.6-40.0, 315.4-502.3, and 28.3-58.5 mg/kg, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the apricot kernel oils, measured using the FRAP assay, ranged from 1.07 to 1.38 mM Fe2+/L, while total polyphenols and β-carotene content were 0.85-1.22 mM gallic acid/L and 42.3-66.8 μg/g, respectively. The results indicate that among the cultivars tested, the 'Somo' cultivar grown in Poland provides the most oil, with the highest antioxidant activity. The results of our study demonstrate that apricot seeds are a potential source of oil that can have both dietary and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
| | - Monika Michalak
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce
| | - Leszek Rachoń
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
| | - Aleksandra Głowacka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
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209
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Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Protein Kinase Inhibition Potential in Aloe vera L. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6478187. [PMID: 31467904 PMCID: PMC6699339 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6478187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera is a multifunctional plant that has gained acceptance as an excellent home remedy source in Asia and the world. The present study was intended to evaluate the phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and protein kinase inhibition activities in different fractions of A. vera leaf. Methanolic extract of A. vera leaves was fractionated using column chromatography and ten fractions (AV1-AV10) were obtained. Phenolics composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and protein kinase inhibition activities were evaluated using standard protocols. Well-known compounds of A. vera were used for in silico study against enzymes involved in brine shrimp and antileishmanial and hyphae formation inhibition assay on the basis of results. Five fractions (AV3 to AV7) possess potential total phenolics and flavonoids contents along with significant biological activities. AV4 fraction exhibited the highest total phenolics content 332.4 ± 32.6μg GAE/mg and total antioxidant activity 150.4 ± 25.815μg AAE/mg determined by phosphomolybdenum complex assay. Fraction AV6 showed 95% antileishmanial effect as well as the lowest LD50 value of 0.5305μg/mL in brine shrimp lethality assay. The Protein Kinase inhibition potential in A. vera leaves was determined for the first time and three fractions AV1, AV6, and AV7 depicted activity with the highest zone of inhibition up to 21±0.5mm (AV7). Docking analysis showed that A. vera contains anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones, and polysaccharides responsible for synergistic cytotoxic, antileishmanial, antibacterial, and antioxidant potential of this plant. Therefore, with more studies, A. vera could probably have the potential to be used for drug development against leishmaniasis.
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210
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Malekmohammad K, Sewell RDE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Antioxidants and Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic Aspects. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E301. [PMID: 31349600 PMCID: PMC6722928 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is a major cause of coronary heart disease and stroke in humans. It is characterized by intimal plaques and cholesterol accumulation in arterial walls. The side effects of currently prescribed synthetic drugs and their high cost in the treatment of atherosclerosis has prompted the use of alternative herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and antioxidants associated with fewer adverse effects for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This article aims to present the activity mechanisms of antioxidants on atherosclerosis along with a review of the most prevalent medicinal plants employed against this multifactorial disease. The wide-ranging information in this review article was obtained from scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Natural and synthetic antioxidants have a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis through different mechanisms. These include: The inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the inhibition of cytokine secretion, the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation and platelet aggregation, the preclusion of mononuclear cell infiltration, the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and vasodilation, the augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, the modulation of the expression of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells, and the suppression of foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khojasteh Malekmohammad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, Iran
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813833435, Iran.
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211
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Tang Y, Liu J, Wang H, Li Y, Liu Z, Chen H. 1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one exerts its antiageing effect through the regulation of stress-response genes and the MAPK signaling pathway. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900100. [PMID: 31313862 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidative effects of 30 xanthone derivatives (XDs) (XD-n, n = 1-30) in HepG2 cells were evaluated by the cellular antioxidant activity assay. Results showed that all XDs were antioxidants and 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (XD-2) was the most active antioxidant. The all-oxygenated substituted xanthones extended the lifespan of wild-type N2 nematodes under normal culture conditions and XD-2 was the best one. XD-2 eliminated excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced the expression levels and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. XD-2 inhibited the H2 O2 -increased phosphorylation levels of c-JUN N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38 in HepG2 cells. In vivo, XD-2 also extended the lifespan of wild-type N2 nematodes under oxidative stress induced by paraquat, but failed in extending the lifespan of CF1038 (daf-16 deletion) and AY102 (pmk-1 deletion) mutant nematodes. It was revealed by real-time polymerase chain reaction that the genes daf-16, sir-2.1, akt-1, and age-1 were all inhibited by paraquat stimuli, while XD-2 reversed these inhibitions; in contrast, paraquat stimuli upregulated both the skn-1 and pmk-1 genes. However, treatment by XD-2 further increased the levels of both genes. These pieces of evidence implied that XD-2 promotes longevity through endogenous signaling pathways rather than through the antioxidative activity alone. Taken all together, it may be concluded that XD-2 is a promising antiageing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huailing Wang
- The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heru Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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212
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Mahbub AA, Maitre CLL, Haywood-Small S, Cross NA, Jordan-Mahy N. Polyphenols enhance the activity of alkylating agents in leukaemia cell lines. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4570-4586. [PMID: 31360305 PMCID: PMC6642044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have been shown to sensitize solid tumours to alkylating agents such as cisplatin, and induce apoptosis and/or cell-cycle arrest. Here, we assess the effects of five polyphenols alone and in combination with three alkylating agents: cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil in lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cells lines, and non-tumour control cells. In lymphoid leukaemia cell lines there was a synergistic reduction in ATP and glutathione levels, an induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis when quercetin, apigenin, emodin and rhein were combined with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide; and when apigenin and rhein were combined with chlorambucil. In myeloid leukaemia cells quercetin, apigenin and emodin showed a similar synergistic effect with all alkylating agents; however antagonistic effects were observed with some or all alkylating agents when combined with emodin, rhein and cis-stilbene. All synergistic effects were associated with reduced glutathione levels, DNA damage and apoptosis; whilst during antagonism the reverse effects were observed. The combination of alkylating agents, particularly cisplatin with polyphenols could be promising for the treatment of lymphoid leukaemias, with apigenin showing the greatest effects. Likewise in myeloid cells apigenin also synergised the action of all alkylating agents, suggesting that apigenin may also be beneficial in myeloid leukaemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A Mahbub
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Laboratory Medicine Department, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Haywood-Small
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Neil A Cross
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Natural Hydrogen Sulfide Donors from Allium sp. as a Nutraceutical Approach in Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071581. [PMID: 31336965 PMCID: PMC6682899 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a socially relevant chronic disease with high prevalence worldwide. DM may lead to several vascular, macrovascular, and microvascular complications (cerebrovascular, coronary artery, and peripheral arterial diseases, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), often accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis. Dietary therapy is generally considered to be the first step in the treatment of diabetic patients. Among the current therapeutic options, such as insulin therapy and hypoglycemic drugs, in recent years, attention has been shifting to the effects and properties-that are still not completely known-of medicinal plants as valid and inexpensive therapeutic supports with limited side effects. In this review, we report the relevant effects of medicinal plants and nutraceuticals in diabetes. In particular, we paid attention to the organosulfur compounds (OSCs) present in plant extracts that due to their antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, can contribute as cardioprotective agents in type 2 DM. OSCs derived from garlic (Allium sp.), due to their properties, can represent a valuable support to the diet in type 2 DM, as outlined in this manuscript based on both in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, a relevant characteristic of garlic OSCs is their ability to produce the gasotransmitter H2S, and many of their effects can be explained by this property. Indeed, in recent years, several studies have demonstrated the relevant effects of endogenous and exogenous H2S in human DM, including by in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials; therefore, here, we summarize the effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of H2S and natural H2S donors.
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Effects of Defoliation on Phenolic Concentrations, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Grape Skin Extracts of the Varieties Blaufränkisch and Merlot ( Vitis vinifera L.). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132444. [PMID: 31277303 PMCID: PMC6651770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. has been highlighted by its many positive effects on human health, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity due to its rich phytochemical content. Removing six basal leaves has great potential to influence the production of phytochemicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of different terms of defoliation on the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of grape skin extracts of the Blaufränkisch and Merlot varieties. The total phenolic concentration, total and individual anthocyanin concentration, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity on gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogens have been determined. The study was conducted on three treatments (control treatment without defoliation, defoliation immediately after bloom and defoliation before the start of the véraison phase). The results showed statistically significant enhancement of the total phenolic concentration as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activity in both studied cultivars. Defoliation just after blooming was the preferable defoliation term in the Merlot variety for achieving the highest total anthocyanin concentration, antioxidant activity and significant increase of antibacterial activity against all four investigated bacteria. Defoliation before the start of the véraison phase was the preferable defoliation term for achieving the highest total anthocyanin concentration in the Blaufränkisch variety. In general, treatment of defoliation immediately after bloom was more beneficial compared with the defoliation before the start of the véraison phase.
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Leláková V, Šmejkal K, Jakubczyk K, Veselý O, Landa P, Václavík J, Bobáľ P, Pížová H, Temml V, Steinacher T, Schuster D, Granica S, Hanáková Z, Hošek J. Parallel in vitro and in silico investigations into anti-inflammatory effects of non-prenylated stilbenoids. Food Chem 2019; 285:431-440. [PMID: 30797367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stilbenoids represent a large group of bioactive compounds, which occur in food and medicinal plants. Twenty-five stilbenoids were screened in vitro for their ability to inhibit COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX. Piceatannol and pinostilbene showed activity comparable to the zileuton and ibuprofen, respectively. The anti-inflammatory potential of stilbenoids was further evaluated using THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cell line. Tests of the cytotoxicity on the THP-1 and HCT116 cell lines showed very low toxic effects. The tested stilbenoids were evaluated for their ability to attenuate the LPS-stimulated activation of NF-κB/AP-1. Most of the tested substances reduced the activity of NF-κB/AP-1 and later attenuated the expression of TNF-α. The effects of selected stilbenoids were further investigated on inflammatory signaling pathways. Non-prenylated stilbenoids regulated attenuation of NF-ĸB/AP-1 activity upstream by inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPKs. A docking study used to in silico analyze the tested compounds confirmed their interaction with NF-ĸB, COX-2 and 5-LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Leláková
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Veselý
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Václavík
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bobáľ
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pížová
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresa Steinacher
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzana Hanáková
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
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Hussain G, Huang J, Rasul A, Anwar H, Imran A, Maqbool J, Razzaq A, Aziz N, Makhdoom EUH, Konuk M, Sun T. Putative Roles of Plant-Derived Tannins in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatry Disorders: An Updated Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E2213. [PMID: 31200495 PMCID: PMC6630756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are characterized by the structural and functional abnormalities of neurons in certain regions of the brain. These abnormalities, which can result in progressive neuronal degeneration and functional disability, are incurable to date. Although comprehensive efforts have been made to figure out effective therapies against these diseases, partial success has been achieved and complete functional recovery is still not a reality. At present, plants and plant-derived compounds are getting more attention because of a plethora of pharmacological properties, and they are proving to be a better and safer target as therapeutic interventions. This review aims to highlight the roles of tannins, 'the polyphenol phytochemicals', in tackling neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as well as neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. Among the multifarious pharmacological properties of tannins, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cholinesterase activities are emphasized more in terms of neuroprotection. The current review also throws light on mechanistic pathways by which various classes of tannins execute neuroprotective effects. Despite their beneficial properties, some harmful effects of tannins have also been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Jia Huang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Javeria Maqbool
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ehtisham Ul Haq Makhdoom
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhsin Konuk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey.
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Cytoprotective Effect of Ligustrum robustum Polyphenol Extract against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Caco-2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5026458. [PMID: 31312223 PMCID: PMC6595363 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5026458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ligustrum robustum is a traditional herbal tea that is widely distributed in southwest China. The health effects of L. robustum are characteristics of clearing heat, antioxidant, inducing resurgence, and improving digestion. However, the molecular mechanisms related to these effects, particularly the antioxidant mechanism, have been seldom reported. The objective of this study was to assess antioxidative capacity of L. robustum, and its protective effects and mechanisms against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) - induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells. Total phenolic contents, free radical scavenging activity, and reducing capacity of L. robustum were measured. The effects of L. robustum on the cell viability and antioxidant defense system were explored. The expression of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant genes: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) were analyzed by western blot and qPCR. Pretreatment of L. robustum could significantly reduce H2O2-induced toxicity, decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GR). By activating the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant genes (NQO1, HO-1, and GCL), L. robustum exerts cytoprotective effect in Caco-2 cells dealt with H2O2. Therefore, the well-established model of Caco-2 cells demonstrates that L. robustum may modulate the cytoprotective effect against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Griffin LE, Fausnacht DW, Tuzo JL, Addington AK, Racine KC, Zhang H, Hughes MD, England KM, Bruno RS, O'Keefe SF, Neilson AP, Stewart AC. Flavanol supplementation protects against obesity-associated increases in systemic interleukin-6 levels without inhibiting body mass gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2019; 66:32-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of an Apigenin-Maillard Reaction Product in Macrophages and Macrophage-Endothelial Cocultures. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9026456. [PMID: 31223429 PMCID: PMC6541947 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9026456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is involved in the progression of various diseases, while dietary flavonoids are reported to possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties against age-related diseases. Previously, an apigenin-Maillard reaction product, dimethylglyoxal apigenin (DMA), was identified by us and demonstrated to be antioxidative. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of DMA on advanced glycation end product- (AGE-) induced inflammation in macrophages and macrophage-endothelial cocultures. Results showed that DMA remarkably inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of receptor for AGEs (RAGE), thereby inhibiting the production of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin (IL) 1, IL 6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP-) 1 in RAW 264.7 cells. In the coculture system which was performed in the Boyden chamber, macrophage infiltration and adhesion to endothelial cells were significantly suppressed by DMA. Further study indicated that DMA decreased AGE-evoked IL 6 and MCP-1 secretion, which might be achieved through RAGE and its downstream-regulated transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1 expression in the coculture system. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that DMA, a thermally induced compound, has anti-inflammatory activity in both macrophages and macrophage-endothelial cocultures, offering a promising approach for slowing down the development of chronic diseases.
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Vankova DV, Todorova MN, Kisselova-Kaneva YD, Galunska BT. Development of new and robust LC-MS method for simultaneous quantification of polyphenols from Sambucus ebulus fruits. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1614053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V. Vankova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Miglena N. Todorova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana D. Kisselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Ts. Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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Ibitoye OB, Aliyu NO, Ajiboye TO. Protective Influence of Phyllanthus Muellarianus on Ciprofloxacin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Rats. J Diet Suppl 2019; 17:321-335. [PMID: 31066327 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1586805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus muellarianus (Kuntze) Exell. (Euphorbiacea) leaves are widely used in the treatment of neurological disorders in Nigeria. We investigated the protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus muellarianus on ciprofloxacin neurotoxicity in male rats. Control rats (Group A) received distilled water, Groups C-E According to the Animal grouping and treatment section, Group B did not receive P. muellarianus> rats were administered 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight P. muellarianus, respectively, and Group F rats received 200 mg/kg body weight valproate orally for 7 days. In addition, groups B-F rats were orally administered ciprofloxacin for 7 days. Motor coordination and motor function were assessed using narrow beam and landing foot splay distance. The levels of neurotransmitter and oxidative stress biomarkers were also determined. Aqueous leaf extract of P. muellarianus significantly attenuated ciprofloxacin-mediated increases in narrow beam, landing foot splay distance, and gait scores. Ciprofloxacin-mediated depletion of acetylcholine and dopamine in the brains of rats was significantly annulled by P. muellarianus. Furthermore, the extract significantly reversed ciprofloxacin-mediated increases in acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase A, and monoamine oxidase B by 73.13%, 71.52%, and 86.54%, respectively. The altered biomarkers of oxidative stress were significantly reversed by P. muellarianus. Overall, the results of this study show that P. muellarianus reversed ciprofloxacin-induced neurotoxicity by restoring ciprofloxacin-mediated alterations in acetylcholine, dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, monoaminergic enzymes, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brains of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Ibitoye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - N O Aliyu
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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223
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Therapeutic potential of natural compounds in inflammation and chronic venous insufficiency. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:68-91. [PMID: 31096120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The term varicose vein refers to the twisted and swollen vein visible under the skin surface which occurs most commonly in the leg. Epidemiological studies report a varying percentage of incidences from 2 to 56% in men and <1-60% in women. Venous insufficiency is most often caused by the damage to the valves and walls of the veins. The mechanism of varicose vein formation is complex. It is, however, based on hypotensive blood vessels, hypoxia, and other mechanisms associated with inflammation. This work describes mechanisms related to the formation and development of the varicose vein. It discusses risk factors, pathogenesis of chronic venous disease, markers of the epithelial and leukocyte activation, state of hypoxia and inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, this paper describes substances of plant origin used in the treatment of venous insufficiency. It also considers the structure of the molecules, their properties, and their mechanisms of action, the structure-activity relationship and chemical properties of flavonoids and other substances. The flavonoids include quercetin derivatives, micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon), natural pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), and others such as triterpene saponine, extracts from Ruscus aculeatus and Centella asiatica, Ginkgo biloba extract, coumarin dereivatives that are used in chronic venous insufficiency. Flavonoids are natural substances found in plants, including fruits, vegetables, flowers, and others. They are important to the circulatory system and critical to blood vessels and the blood flow. Additionally, they have antioxidant, antiinflammatory properties.
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Evaluation of bioactive constituents in European bladdernut (Staphylea pinnata L.) seed kernels. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gonçalves AC, Bento C, Silva B, Simões M, Silva LR. Nutrients, Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivity: The Health Benefits of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.). CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170925154707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sweet cherries are one of the most appreciated fruits worldwide as well as
one of the great sources of several active substances, as phytochemical compounds (carotenoids, serotonin,
melatonin and phenolic compounds) as well as in nutritive compounds (sugars and organic acids).
Accumulating research demonstrate that their supplementation in our daily diet can contradict oxidative
stress, mitigating or even attenuating chronic diseases, as cancerous processes, antiinflammatory-
related disorders, diabetes, and neurological and cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore,
the aims of this review are to present an overview on the effects of sweet cherries as health promotors,
giving emphasis to the health benefits of their bioactive compounds, particularly their antimicrobial,
antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-neurodegeneration, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects.
Methods:
Research and online content about sweet cherry fruits is reviewed. The information available
has been read several times to avoid inconsistencies. In addition, according what we read, original
figures were done and added to facilitate understanding and to enrich the paper.
Results:
In this review, a total of 202 original reports were used. In respect to health benefits, it is possible
to confirm by several studies that, in fact, the consumption of sweet cherries has positive impacts
in human health, owing to their wealthy and vast constitution, particularly in phenolic compounds,
vitamins and carotenoids whose health properties were already documented.
Conclusion:
The findings of this review support the evidence that sweet cherries can be applied in
pharmaceutical and food formulations, since they are able to diminish free radical species and proinflammatory
markers, preventing and/ or ameliorating oxidative-stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bento
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Branca Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
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Polyphenols as Immunomodulatory Compounds in the Tumor Microenvironment: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071714. [PMID: 30959898 PMCID: PMC6479528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural antioxidant compounds ubiquitously found in plants and, thus, ever present in human nutrition (tea, wine, chocolate, fruits and vegetables are typical examples of polyphenol-rich foods). Widespread evidence indicate that polyphenols exert strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities, and thus, they are generally regarded to as all-purpose beneficial nutraceuticals or supplements whose use can only have a positive influence on the body. A closer look to the large body of results of years of investigations, however, present a more complex scenario where polyphenols exert different and, sometimes, paradoxical effects depending on dose, target system and cell type and the biological status of the target cell. Particularly, the immunomodulatory potential of polyphenols presents two opposite faces to researchers trying to evaluate their usability in future cancer therapies: on one hand, these compounds could be beneficial suppressors of peri-tumoral inflammation that fuels cancer growth. On the other hand, they might suppress immunotherapeutic approaches and give rise to immunosuppressive cell clones that, in turn, would aid tumor growth and dissemination. In this review, we summarize knowledge of the immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols with a particular focus on cancer microenvironment and immunotherapy, highlighting conceptual pitfalls and delicate cell-specific effects in order to aid the design of future therapies involving polyphenols as chemoadjuvants.
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Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, Mansouri S, Alavian SM, Badri-Fariman M, Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Sotoudeh G. Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:59. [PMID: 30871514 PMCID: PMC6419418 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the reported health effects of cardamom on dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and fasting hyperglycemia, no human research has studied its potency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic part of metabolic syndrome. Our aim was determining the effects of green cardamom (GC) on serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. Methods The place of participant recruitment was the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) central hospital in Tehran. Based on the ultrasonography and eligibility criteria, 87 participants were randomly divided into two groups as cardamom (n = 43) or placebo (n = 44). The supplementation was two 500 mg capsules 3 times/day with meals for 3 months. Serum irisin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FBI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also calculated. Results In comparison with placebo, GC significantly increased irisin, HDL-c, and QUICKI and decreased FBI, TG, LDL-c, HOMA-IR, and the grade of fatty liver (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, the changes were similar (P < 0.05) with an exception for LDL-c which had a trend (P = 0.07). The differences in FBS, TC, and body mass index (BMI) were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion GC supplement improved the grade of fatty liver, serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. The changes in these biomarkers may yield beneficial effects on NAFLD. Further trials on the efficacy of GC for clinical practice are suggested. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015121317254N4. Registered 27/12/2015, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2465-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Budisan L, Gulei D, Jurj A, Braicu C, Zanoaga O, Cojocneanu R, Pop L, Raduly L, Barbat A, Moldovan A, Moldovan C, Tigu AB, Ionescu C, Atanasov AG, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Inhibitory Effect of CAPE and Kaempferol in Colon Cancer Cell Lines-Possible Implications in New Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1199. [PMID: 30857282 PMCID: PMC6429399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemicals are natural compounds synthesized as secondary metabolites in plants and represent an important source of molecules with therapeutic applications. Attention is accorded to their potential in anti-cancer therapies as single agents or adjuvant treatment. Herby, we evaluated the in vitro effects of a panel of natural compounds with focus on caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and Kaempferol for the treatment of human colon cancer. METHODS We exposed two human colon cancer cell lines, RKO and HCT-116, followed by functional examination of cell viability, cell proliferation and invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. Modifications in gene expression were investigated through microarray and detection of existing mutations and finding of new ones was done with the help of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). RESULTS Both CAPE and Kaempferol inhibit cell proliferation, motility and invasion, and stimulate apoptosis and autophagy, concomitant with modifications in coding and noncoding genes' expression. Moreover, there are pathogenic mutations that are no longer found upon treatment with CAPE and Kaempferol. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that CAPE and Kaempferol have the ability to negatively influence the development and advancement of colon cancer in vitro by specifically altering the cells at the molecular level; this activity can be exploited in possible adjuvant therapies once the optimal dose concentration with minimal side effects but with cancer inhibitory activity is set in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviuta Budisan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Oana Zanoaga
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Laura Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Barbat
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alin Moldovan
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristian Moldovan
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Calin Ionescu
- 5th Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- 11th Department of Oncological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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229
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Jabalbarezi Hukerdi Y, Fathi Nasri MH, Rashidi L, Ganjkhanlou M, Emami A. Effects of dietary olive leaves on performance, carcass traits, meat stability and antioxidant status of fattening Mahabadi male kids. Meat Sci 2019; 153:2-8. [PMID: 30856549 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four Mahabadi goat kids (5-6 months of age) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding olive leaves (OL) on performance, carcass traits and antioxidant status. The kids received three dietary treatments for 84 d with three levels of OL: 0 (control), 7.5 (OL7.5) and 15 (OL15) % (DM basis). Supplementation with OL had no effects on kid performance (P > 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was decreased in plasma blood (P < 0.01) and Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle (days 1, 4, 7 and 10) of kids (P < 0.01) with increasing level of OL in diet. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in LL muscle was increased (P < 0.05) in OL15 fed kids compared with control group. Also, glucose content of serum was decreased by adding OL to kid diets (P < 0.01). Finally, inclusion of OL to kid diets resulted in similar growth performance compared to alfalfa feeding, and improved the antioxidative potential of LL muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jabalbarezi Hukerdi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-331, Iran
| | - M H Fathi Nasri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-331, Iran.
| | - L Rashidi
- Department of Food and Agriculture, Standard Research Institute, Iranian National Standards Organization (INSO), Karaj, Iran
| | - M Ganjkhanlou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158711167-4111, Iran
| | - A Emami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-331, Iran
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230
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Braguini WL, Alves BB, Pires NV. Toxicity assessment of Lavandula officinalis extracts in Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina). Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:411-420. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1567892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Welligton Luciano Braguini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Laboratory in Analytical Biochemistry and Toxicology, Middlewestern State University, Guarapuava City, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bianchin Alves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Laboratory in Analytical Biochemistry and Toxicology, Middlewestern State University, Guarapuava City, Brazil
| | - Natália Valendolf Pires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Laboratory in Analytical Biochemistry and Toxicology, Middlewestern State University, Guarapuava City, Brazil
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231
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Vitali M, Sirri R, Zappaterra M, Zambonelli P, Giannini G, Lo Fiego DP, Davoli R. Functional analysis finds differences on the muscle transcriptome of pigs fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet with or without antioxidant supplementations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212449. [PMID: 30785965 PMCID: PMC6382273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementing pig diets with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may produce meat products with an increased n-3 fatty acid content, and the combined antioxidants addition could prevent lipid oxidation in the feed. However, to date, the effects of these bioactive compounds at the molecular level in porcine skeletal muscle are mostly unknown. This study aimed to analyse changes in the Longissimus thoracis transcriptome of 35 pigs fed three diets supplemented with: linseed (L); linseed, vitamin E and Selenium (LES) or linseed and plant-derived polyphenols (LPE). Pigs were reared from 80.8 ± 5.6 kg to 151.8 ± 9.9 kg. After slaughter, RNA-Seq was performed and 1182 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were submitted to functional analysis. The L vs LES comparison did not show differences, while L vs LPE showed 1102 DEGs and LES vs LPE 80 DEGs. LPE compared to the other groups showed the highest number of up-regulated genes involved in preserving muscle metabolism and structure. Results enlighten that the combined supplementation of bioactive lipids (n-3 PUFA from linseed) with plant extracts as a source of polyphenols increases, compared to the only addition of linseed, the expression of genes involved in mRNA metabolic processes and transcriptional regulation, glucose uptake and, finally, in supporting muscle development and physiology. These results improve the knowledge of the biological effect of bioactive compounds in Longissimus thoracis muscle, and sustain the growing interest over their use in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Vitali
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Rubina Sirri
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Zambonelli
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Giannini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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232
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Hossen I, Hua W, Ting L, Mehmood A, Jingyi S, Duoxia X, Yanping C, Hongqing W, Zhipeng G, Kaiqi Z, Fang Y, Junsong X. Phytochemicals and inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1321-1345. [PMID: 30729797 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1570913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract is the second largest organ in the body that mainly functions in nutrients and minerals intake through the intestinal barrier. Intestinal permeability maintains the circulation of minerals and nutrients from digested foods. Life and all the metabolic processes depend either directly or indirectly on proper functioning of GI tract. Compromised intestinal permeability and related disorders are common among all the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is a collective term of inflammatory diseases including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Many synthetic drugs are currently in use to treat IBD such as 5-aminosalicylic acid corticosteroids. However, they all have some drawbacks as long-term use result in many complications. These problems encourage us to look out for alternative medicine. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the plant-derived secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, alkaloids, terpenoids, oligosaccharides, and quinones could reduce permeability, ameliorate-related dysfunctions with promising results. In addition, many of them could modulate enzymatic activity, suppress the inflammatory transcriptional factors, ease oxidative stress, and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. In this review, we summarized the phytochemicals, which were proven potent in treating increased intestinal permeability and related complication along with their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Hossen
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Hua
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Ting
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Song Jingyi
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Duoxia
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Yanping
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Hongqing
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Zhipeng
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Kaiqi
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Junsong
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
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233
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Association of dietary phytochemical index and mental health in women: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1049-1056. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrevious studies have shown that unhealthy dietary patterns are among the most important modifiable risk factors in the development of mental health disorders. We examined the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in Iranian women. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 488 women aged 20–50 years old attending health centres in the south of Tehran in 2018 were included. A validated and reliable FFQ was used for dietary assessment. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress were assessed using a validated depression, anxiety, stress scales questionnaires with twenty-one-items. DPI was estimated using the following formula: (daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kJ)/total daily energy intake (kJ))×100. The mean age of the study participants was 31·9 (sd7·7) years. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety and psychological distress among study participants was 34·6, 40·6 and 42·4 %, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, women in the highest tertile of DPI had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms (OR 0·22; 95 % CI 0·12, 0·38) and anxiety (OR 0·33; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·55), as well as psychological distress (OR 0·30; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·49) compared with those in the lowest tertile. In conclusion, we found a significant association between DPI and mental health in women. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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234
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Silveira AC, Dias JP, Santos VM, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Rato L, Silva BM. The Action of Polyphenols in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: A Common Agent for Overlapping Pathologies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:590-613. [PMID: 30081787 PMCID: PMC6712293 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180803162059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two prevalent diseases in modern societies, which are caused mainly by current lifestyle, aging and genetic alterations. It has already been demonstrated that these two diseases are associated, since individuals suffering from DM are prone to develop AD. Conversely, it is also known that individuals with AD are more susceptible to DM, namely type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, these two pathologies, although completely different in terms of symptomatology, end up sharing several mechanisms at the molecular level, with the most obvious being the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. Polyphenols are natural compounds widely spread in fruits and vegetables whose dietary intake has been considered inversely proportional to the incidence of DM and AD. So, it is believed that this group of phytochemicals may have preventive and therapeutic potential, not only by reducing the risk and delaying the development of these pathologies, but also by improving brain's metabolic profile and cognitive function. The aim of this review is to understand the extent to which DM and AD are related pathologies, the degree of similarity and the relationship between them, to detail the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols may exert a protective effect, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and highlight possible advantages of their use as common preventive and therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Branca M. Silva
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D.Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Tel: +351 275319700; Fax: +351 275 329 183; E-mail:
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235
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Spray-dried powders from berries extracts obtained upon several processing steps to improve the bioactive components content. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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236
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Ijaz S, Shoaib Khan HM, Anwar Z, Talbot B, Walsh JJ. HPLC profiling of Mimosa pudica polyphenols and their non-invasive biophysical investigations for anti-dermatoheliotic and skin reinstating potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:865-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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237
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Jiang HP, Cai N, Ju XL, Huang J, Wang X. Investigation of serum amino acids involved in gallic acid detoxification of formaldehyde by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and neutral loss scan. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:2074-2080. [PMID: 30192419 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gallic acid is one of the most common polyphenols in natural products and human diet. The consumption of gallic acid reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, chronic metabolic disorders and cancers. Most previous publications focused on the antioxidative or prooxidative properties of gallic acid. In the present work, gallic acid as a trapping agent of blood formaldehyde was investigated by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and neutral loss scan. METHODS Serum samples incubated with gallic acid were subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis using an LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The adduct ions of gallic acid-formaldehyde-amino acids were explored by investigation of their fragmentation patterns and neutral loss scan experiments. RESULTS A series of Mannich adducts (namely, gallic acid-formaldehyde-alanine, gallic acid-formaldehyde-proline, gallic acid-formaldehyde-leucine or gallic acid-formaldehyde-isoleucine and gallic acid-formaldehyde-phenylalanine) were identified as metabolites by neutral loss scan experiments. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated that serum amino acids are involved in gallic acid detoxification of formaldehyde. Because excessive formaldehyde in blood is implicated in a variety of disease pathologies, detoxification of formaldehyde, especially endogenous formaldehyde, may be another health beneficial effect of gallic acid. It also suggested that more attention should be paid to Mannich-type metabolites of polyphenol-formaldehyde-amino acids in research into the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P.R. China
| | - Nian Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Lian Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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238
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Abouzed TK, Sadek KM, Ayoub MM, Saleh EA, Nasr SM, El-Sayed YS, Shoukry M. Papaya extract upregulates the immune and antioxidants-related genes, and proteins expression in milk somatic cells of Friesian dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:407-415. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K. Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafr El-Sheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
| | - Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Mousa M. Ayoub
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Ebeed A. Saleh
- Department of Milk and Meat Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Yasser S. El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Moustafa Shoukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafr El-Sheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
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239
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Ancient Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties of Tuscany Have High Contents of Bioactive Compounds. HORTICULTURAE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae4040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Tuscan Region has a vast repertoire of ancient plants that have been recovered across the territory over the years. These plants thrive in an environment characterized by minimal human intervention and are thus the result of the process of adaptation to the territory of origin. In this work, we focused on the quantification of bioactive compounds in ancient tomato varieties. More specifically, we quantified polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and vitamin C in eight local Tuscan tomato varieties and found higher contents with respect to those in commercial tomatoes Polyphenol and antioxidant compounds in ancient varieties reported a two- and, in some instances, three-fold increase in concentration, compared to the commercial counterparts. Interestingly, the data relative to the carotenoids did not show any significant differences when comparing the ancient varieties with the commercial ones, a finding confirming the market selection criterion based on color. On a longer-term perspective, this study aims at drawing attention to the importance of preserving autochthonous natural plant biodiversity and towards promoting research on local varieties. We believe that this study will pave the way to the valorization of local plant biodiversity and promote an extended use of products in the nutraceutical sector derived from vegetables.
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240
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Vázquez-Velasco M, González-Torres L, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Morales-González JA, Jaramillo-Morales OA, Valadez-Vega C, Bautista M. Effect of Extract and Ellagic Acid from Geranium schiedeanum on the Antioxidant Defense System in An Induced-Necrosis Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E178. [PMID: 30513625 PMCID: PMC6316715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranium schiedeanum has been used in traditional therapies as an antiseptic, antipyretic, and as analgesic. The present study was designed to evaluate the pretreatment with G. schiedeanum total extract (GS) and its active metabolites on stimulating the endogenous antioxidant defense system (EADS): catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione reduction index (RI GSH/GSSG) in rat liver treated with a sublethal dose (6.6 mmol/Kg) of thioacetamide (TAA) in order to probe the capacity of GS and the active compounds to reduce liver injury. This was assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (BILT) in rats pretreated or not with TAA, and pretreated or not with GS and its metabolites. The results showed that GS was able to induce the production of EADS enzymes, increasing redox index GSH/GSSG at 24 and 48 h after intoxication, and both the extract and the ellagic acid exhibited a significant reduction of hepatic damage markers. Our data confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of GS and its metabolites, like ellagic acid, support the possible use of this extract in the treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Abasolo N. 600, Colonia Centro, Pachuca, Hidalgo CP 42000, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Vázquez-Velasco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura González-Torres
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana Benedí
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Antonio Morales-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Hidalgo DF 11340, Mexico.
| | - Osmar Antonio Jaramillo-Morales
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Abasolo N. 600, Colonia Centro, Pachuca, Hidalgo CP 42000, Mexico.
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Abasolo N. 600, Colonia Centro, Pachuca, Hidalgo CP 42000, Mexico.
| | - Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Abasolo N. 600, Colonia Centro, Pachuca, Hidalgo CP 42000, Mexico.
| | - Mirandeli Bautista
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Abasolo N. 600, Colonia Centro, Pachuca, Hidalgo CP 42000, Mexico.
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Gräber T, Kluge H, Granica S, Horn G, Kalbitz J, Brandsch C, Breitenstein A, Brütting C, Stangl GI. Agrimonia procera exerts antimicrobial effects, modulates the expression of defensins and cytokines in colonocytes and increases the immune response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:346. [PMID: 30442133 PMCID: PMC6238359 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because antibiotic use in livestock is assumed to contribute to the emerging public health crisis of antibiotic resistance, alternatives are required. Phytogenic additives are extensively studied due to their antibiotic properties. Components of Agrimonia species have been reported as candidate antimicrobials that possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the impact of Agrimonia procera (AP) on the growth of selected strains of gut bacteria, the effect of AP on the mRNA abundance of genes involved in inflammation and bacterial defense in a colon carcinoma cell line, the effect of AP in piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharides, and the effect of AP on the growth performance of healthy piglets. Results The in vitro growth rate of different bacteria strains was negatively affected by AP, especially in Pediococcus pentosaceus and all tested E. coli strains. Stimulation of Caco-2 cells with TNFα resulted in elevated mRNA expression of CXCL1, IL-8 and GPX2. After pretreatment of cells with AP, stimulation of Caco-2 cells with TNFα still resulted in elevated mRNA expression of CXCL1 and IL-8 at all measured points in time. However, mRNA expression in AP-pretreated cells was lower after 6 h and 24 h. In addition, expression of DEFB1 and GPX2 was significantly elevated after TNFα stimulation. In vivo, application of lipopolysaccharides induced significantly increased animal body temperatures. Piglets pretreated with AP prior to lipopolysaccharide application showed a faster and larger increase in body temperature than controls. In addition, piglets pretreated with AP appeared to release more TNFα than controls. In healthy piglets, AP treatment had no impact on growth performance parameters. Fecal dry matter and total plasma antioxidant capacity tended to be higher in piglets treated with AP than in control piglets (P = 0.055 and P = 0.087, respectively). Conclusions AP has antimicrobial effects in vitro and stimulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. The additive had no effect on growth in healthy piglets but increased the immune response in LPS-treated animals. In addition, AP appeared to have antioxidative effects in vivo. Therefore, AP merits testing as a future alternative to antibiotics in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gräber
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger Kluge
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha St. 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gert Horn
- Exsemine GmbH, Am Wehr 4, 06198, Salzatal, Germany
| | - Jutta Kalbitz
- BioSolutions Halle GmbH, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Christine Brütting
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Schön C, Wacker R, Micka A, Steudle J, Lang S, Bonnländer B. Bioavailability Study of Maqui Berry Extract in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111720. [PMID: 30423989 PMCID: PMC6267473 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several health promoting effects have been reported for maqui berry, rich in anthocyanins. Direct effects of anthocyanins as well as bioactive metabolites might be involved. Within the study, bioavailability of a proprietary standardized maqui berry extract Delphinol® was investigated based on two selected anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (DS) + cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (CS)) and two breakdown products (protocatechuic acid (PCA) + gallic acid (GA)) after a single-dose supplementation in humans. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from individual concentration time curves. In all 12 subjects a significant increase was noted in plasma values of DG and CS after intake of maqui berry extract. Maximum concentration of DG was observed after 1.0 ± 0.3 h and CS after 2.0 ± 1.1 h. Within 8 h, concentrations nearly returned to baseline levels. The results confirm a fast uptake and metabolism of the two selected key substances. Additionally, the phenolic acids GA and PCA were observed as breakdown products of anthocyanins. In summary, the study clearly confirms the bioavailability of maqui berry extract and its specific anthocyanin compounds and related breakdown products in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Wacker
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54⁻56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.
| | - Antje Micka
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54⁻56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Steudle
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54⁻56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Lang
- Anklam Extrakt GmbH, Marienbergstr. 92, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Bonnländer
- Anklam Extrakt GmbH, Marienbergstr. 92, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany.
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243
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Annunziata G, Maisto M, Schisano C, Ciampaglia R, Daliu P, Narciso V, Tenore GC, Novellino E. Colon Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of White, Green and Black Tea Polyphenols Extract after In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111711. [PMID: 30413043 PMCID: PMC6266738 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of the tea beverage are well-known and mainly attributed to polyphenols which, however, have poor bioaccessibility and bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was the evaluation of colon bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of tea polyphenolic extract. An 80% methanolic extract (v/v) of tea polyphenols was obtained from green (GT), white (WT) and black tea (BT). Simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion was performed on acid-resistant capsules containing tea polyphenolic extract. The main tea polyphenols were monitored by HPLC-diode-array detector (DAD) method; in addition, Total Phenol Content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated. After GI digestion, the bioaccessibility in the colon stage was significantly increased compared to the duodenal stage for both tea polyphenols and TPC. Similarly, the antioxidant activity in the colon stage was significantly higher than that in the duodenal stage. Reasonably, these results could be attributable in vivo to the activity of gut microbiota, which is able to metabolize these compounds, generating metabolites with a greater antioxidant activity. Our results may guide the comprehension of the colon digestion of polyphenols, suggesting that, although poorly absorbed in the duodenum, they can exert their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the lower gut, resulting in a novel strategy for the management of gut-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Connie Schisano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Patricia Daliu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Viviana Narciso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Rush MD, Rue EA, Wong A, Kowalski P, Glinski JA, van Breemen RB. Rapid Determination of Procyanidins Using MALDI-ToF/ToF Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11355-11361. [PMID: 30286291 PMCID: PMC6296472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although procyanidins constitute a unique class of polymeric plant secondary metabolites with a variety of biological properties including potent antioxidant activity, structure determination has been challenging, and structures of many complex procyanidins remain uncertain. To expedite the characterization of procyanidins, negative ion matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization high-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF/ToF) mass spectra of 20 isolated procyanidins containing catechin and epicatechin subunits with degrees of polymerization up to five were obtained and evaluated. Structurally significant fragmentation pathways of singly charged, deprotonated molecules were identified representing quinone methide, heterocyclic ring fission, and retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation. The interpretation of the tandem mass spectra for sequencing A-type, B-type, mixed-type, linear, and branched procyanidins is explained using specific examples of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Rush
- University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emily A. Rue
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2900 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Alan Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2900 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Planta Analytica, 461 Danbury Rd #10, New Milford, CT 06776, USA
| | - Paul Kowalski
- Bruker Daltonics, 15 Fortune Dr., Billerica, MA 01821 USA (current address, 34 Maple St., Milford, MA 01757, USA)
| | - Jan A. Glinski
- Planta Analytica, 461 Danbury Rd #10, New Milford, CT 06776, USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2900 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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245
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Ismail NI, Sornambikai S, Kadir MRA, Mahmood NH, Zulkifli RM, Shahir S. Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Capacity of Polyphenols Found in Natural Malaysian Honeys by Voltammetric Techniques. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norjihada Izzah Ismail
- Medical Devices and Technology GroupSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Health SciencesFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- Medical Devices and Technology GroupSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Health SciencesFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
| | - Nasrul Humaimi Mahmood
- School of Electrical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
| | | | - Shafinaz Shahir
- Department of BiosciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
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246
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Guerra AR, Duarte MF, Duarte IF. Targeting Tumor Metabolism with Plant-Derived Natural Products: Emerging Trends in Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10663-10685. [PMID: 30227704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of neoplastic metabolic reprogramming as one of cancer's hallmarks has paved the way for developing novel metabolism-targeted therapeutic approaches. The use of plant-derived natural bioactive compounds for this endeavor is especially promising, due to their diverse structures and multiple targets. Hence, over the past decade, a growing number of studies have assessed the impact of phytochemicals on tumor cell metabolism, aiming at improving current knowledge on their mechanisms of action and, at the same time, evaluating their potential as anti-cancer metabolic modulators. In this Review, we focus on three classes of plant-derived compounds with promising anti-cancer activity-phenolic compounds, isoprenoids, and alkaloids-to describe their effects on major energetic and biosynthetic pathways of human tumor cells. Such a comprehensive and integrated account of the ability of these compounds to hit different metabolic targets is expected to contribute to the rational design and critical assessment of novel anti-cancer therapies based on natural-product-mediated metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Guerra
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja , Apartado 6158 , 7801-908 Beja , Portugal
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Quı́mica , Universidade de Aveiro , Campus de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Maria F Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja , Apartado 6158 , 7801-908 Beja , Portugal
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas , Universidade de Évora , Pólo da Mitra, 7006-554 Évora , Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Quı́mica , Universidade de Aveiro , Campus de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
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247
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de Oliveira VS, Ferreira FS, Cople MCR, Labre TDS, Augusta IM, Gamallo OD, Saldanha T. Use of Natural Antioxidants in the Inhibition of Cholesterol Oxidation: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1465-1483. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sales de Oliveira
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Ramos Cople
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Tatiana da Silva Labre
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Ivanilda Maria Augusta
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Ormindo Domingues Gamallo
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Tatiana Saldanha
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
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248
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Salma U, Khan T, Shah AJ. Antihypertensive effect of the methanolic extract from Eruca sativa Mill., (Brassicaceae) in rats: Muscarinic receptor-linked vasorelaxant and cardiotonic effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:409-420. [PMID: 29913298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eruca sativa Mill., (Brassicaceae) is a popular remedy for the treatment of hypertension in Pakistan. However, direct effect of the extract and its fractions on blood pressure and vascular tone are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation was aimed to explore the pharmacological base for the traditional use of E. sativa in hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vivo blood pressure study was carried out using normotensive and high salt-induced hypertensive rats under anaesthesia. The cardiovascular mechanisms were explored using rat aorta and atria in-vitro. Preliminary phytochemical analysis, spectrophotometric detection of total phenols, flavonoids and HPLC analysis of crude extract were performed using quercetin and erucin as marker compounds. RESULTS Intravenous injection of crude extract induced a fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in both normotensive (max fall: 41.79 ± 1.55% mmHg) and hypertensive (max fall: 58.25 ± 0.91% mmHg) rats. Atropine (1 mg/kg) pretreatment attenuated this effect significantly (p < 0.001), suggesting the involvement of muscarinic receptor in its antihypertensive effect. Fractions also induced atropine-sensitive antihypertensive effect. Similarly, oral administration of crude and aqueous extracts resulted a fall in MAP in the hypertensive rats. In isolated rat aortic rings from normotensive rats, crude extract and fractions induced an endothelium-dependent relaxation. This relaxation was partially inhibited with L-NAME and atropine pretreatment and with denudation of aortic rings, indicating involvement of muscarinic receptor-linked nitric oxide (NO). In aorta from the hypertensive rats, crude extract and fractions induced endothelium-independent relaxation. This relaxation was not affected by pretreatment with L-NAME or atropine. Crude extract and fractions also suppressed phenylephrine contractions in Ca+2 free/EGTA medium. In isolated rat atrial preparations, crude extract and fractions induced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects with a positive inotropic effect by the n-hexane fraction, which were not affected with atropine pretreatment. Phytochemical screening and spectrophotometric analysis indicated the presence of phenols and flavonoids, whereas HPLC analysis of crude extract revealed the presence of quercetin (flavonoid) and erucin (isothiocyanate). CONCLUSION The results suggest that E. sativa is an antihypertensive remedy which is mainly due to its vasodilatory and partly cardiac effects. Muscarinic receptors-linked NO release and dual inhibitory effect on Ca+2 influx and release underlie the vasodilation. This finding provides pharmacological base to the traditional use of E. sativa in hypertension. The presence of quercetin and erucin further support this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Salma
- Cardiovascular Research Group; Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Taous Khan
- Cardiovascular Research Group; Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Cardiovascular Research Group; Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan.
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Vitali M, Dimauro C, Sirri R, Zappaterra M, Zambonelli P, Manca E, Sami D, Lo Fiego DP, Davoli R. Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant supplementation on the transcriptional level of genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism in swine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204869. [PMID: 30286141 PMCID: PMC6171869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine fat traits depend mostly on the interaction between nutritional and genetic factors. However, the pathways and biological processes influenced by this interaction are still poorly known in pigs, although they can have a huge impact on meat quality traits. The present research provides new knowledge insight into the effect of four diets (D1 = standard diet; D2 = linseed supplementation; D3 = linseed, vitamin E and selenium supplementation; D4 = linseed and plant-derived polyphenols supplementation) on the expression of 24 candidate genes selected for their role in lipid and energy metabolism. The data indicated that 10 out of 24 genes were differentially expressed among diets, namely ACACA, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, CHREBP (MLXPL), ELOVL6, FASN, G6PD, PLIN2, RXRA and SCD. Results from the univariate analysis displayed an increased expression of ACACA, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, CHREBP, ELOVL6, FASN, PLIN2, RXRA and SCD in D4 compared to D2. Similarly, ACACA, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, ELOVL6 and SCD were highly expressed in D4 compared to D3, while no differences were observed in D2-D3 comparison. Moreover, an increased expression of G6PD and ELOVL6 genes in D4 compared to D1 was observed. Results from the multivariate analysis confirmed that D2 was not different from D3 and that ACACA, SCD and FASN expression made D4 different from D2 and D3. Comparing D4 and D1, the expression levels of ELOVL6 and ACACA were the most influenced. This research provides evidence that the addition of both n-3 PUFA and polyphenols, derived from linseed, grape-skin and oregano supplementation in the diets, stimulates the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and in oxidative processes. Results evidenced a greater effect on gene expression of the diet added with both plant extracts and n-3 PUFA, resulting in an increased expression of genes coding for fatty acid synthesis, desaturation and elongation in pig Longissimus thoracis muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Vitali
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Corrado Dimauro
- Department of Agronomy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (CD); (RD)
| | - Rubina Sirri
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Zambonelli
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Dalal Sami
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agronomy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (CD); (RD)
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Kschonsek J, Wiegand C, Hipler UC, Böhm V. Influence of polyphenolic content on the in vitro allergenicity of old and new apple cultivars: A pilot study. Nutrition 2018; 58:30-35. [PMID: 30278427 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES More than 70% of birch pollen-allergic individuals are affected by a cross-allergy from apples. The aim of this study was to determine if an increased polyphenolic content of apples is inversely related to clinical allergic reactions in sufferers. METHODS The polyphenolic content of two old and two new apple cultivars was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The in vitro concentration of sulfidoleukotrienes and the CD63 basophil activation of 27 birch pollen sufferers with cross-reactivity to apples were determined with cellular antigen stimulation and basophil activation tests after incubation with different apple cultivars. RESULTS The flesh of old cultivars was characterized by significantly higher total polyphenolic content (86.1 ± 5.5 µg/g) than that of new cultivars (24.7 ± 7.2 µg/g). The concentration of sulfidoleukotrienes and the CD63 basophil activation of old apple cultivars was up to 62% lower than new ones and decreased as the degree of enzymatic browning increased. CONCLUSION Old apples cultivars are better tolerated than new ones by birch pollen-allergic individuals. The in vitro allergenicity (activation of effector cells) of apples depends on the total polyphenolic content and the degree of enzymatic browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Kschonsek
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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